CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION(S)

[0001] This patent application claims the benefit under 35 U.S.C. § 1 19 of U.S. Patent

Application No. 12/537,224, filed on August 6, 2009, entitled "APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR

DISABLING A GROUND ENGAGING TRACTION DEVICE OF A LAND VEHICLE" and Provisional

Patent Application No. 61/195,281, filed on October 6, 2008, entitled "REMOTELY DEPLOYED VEHICLE RESTRAINT DEVICE," which are incorporated herein in their entireties by reference.

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0002] The present disclosure relates generally to an apparatus and a method for slowing, disabling, immobilizing and/or restricting the movement of a land vehicle. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to an apparatus and a method of deploying and retracting a strap for disabling a pneumatic tire, an airless tire, an endless track, or another ground engaging traction device of a land vehicle. Certain embodiments according to the present disclosure may include a strap that is deployed by compressed gas, pressure generated by a gas generator, resilient elements, of other types of potential energy sources. The strap includes spikes, caltrops, explosive charges, or other objects that project upwardly and are configured to penetrate a tire of a vehicle and allow the egress of air from a pneumatic tire.

BACKGROUND

[0003] Conventional devices for slowing, disabling, immobilizing and/or restricting the movement of a land vehicle include barriers, tire spike strips, caltrops, snares and electrical system disabling devices. For example, conventional spike strips include spikes projecting upwardly from an elongated base structure that is stored as either a rolled up device or an accordion type device. These conventional spike strips are unfurled or unfolded and placed on a road in anticipation that an approaching target vehicle will drive over the spike strip. Successfully placing a conventional spike strip in the path of a target vehicle results in one or more tires of the target vehicle being impaled by the spike(s), thereby deflating the tire(s) and making the vehicle difficult to control such that the driver is compelled to slow or halt the vehicle. [0004] Conventional spike strips may be used by first response personnel, law enforcement personnel, armed forces personnel or other security personnel. It is frequently the case that these personnel must remain in close proximity when deploying spike strips. For example, a conventional method of deploying a spike strip is to have the personnel toss the spike strip in the path of an approaching target vehicle. This conventional method places the security personnel at risk insofar as the driver of the target vehicle may try to run down the security personnel or the driver may lose control of the target vehicle while attempting to maneuver around the spike strip and hit the security personnel. Further, rapidly deflating only one of the steering tires may cause a target vehicle to careen wildly and possibly strike nearby security personnel, bystanders, or structures.

[0005] There are a number of disadvantages of conventional spike strips including difficulty deploying the strip in the path of a target vehicle and the risk that one of the spikes could injure security personnel while deploying or retracting the strip. The proximity of the security personnel to the target vehicle when it runs over strip places the security personnel at risk of being struck by the target vehicle. Further, allowing the strip to remain deployed after the target vehicle passes the strip places other vehicles at risk of running over the strip.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0006] Figure 1 is a schematic perspective view of a land vehicle approaching a device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0007] Figures 2A-2C are schematic perspective views showing a device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure in an unarmed arrangement, an armed arrangement, and a deployed arrangement, respectively.

[0008] Figure 3 is a perspective view of a strap package including an inflator device and a retractor device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure before the device is deployed.

[0009] Figure 4 is a detail view of a portion of the strap package of Figure 3 after the strap package is deployed.

[0010] Figures 5A and 5B are cross-section views of devices according to embodiments of the present disclosure showing foam spike protectors. [0011] Figure 6 is a partial perspective view of a device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure including a spike erector.

[0012] Figures 7A and 7B are schematic views illustrating the operation of the spike erector shown in Figure 6.

[0013] Figures 8A-8D are different views of a device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure showing a cover over foam spike protectors.

[0014] Figures 9A-9C schematically show several stages characterizing the deployment dynamics of a device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0015] Specific details of embodiments according to the present disclosure are described below with reference to devices for slowing, disabling, immobilizing and/or restricting the movement of a land vehicle. Other embodiments of the disclosure can have configurations, components, features or procedures different than those described in this section. A person of ordinary skill in the art, therefore, will accordingly understand that the disclosure may have other embodiments with additional elements, or the disclosure may have other embodiments without several of the elements shown and described below with reference to Figures 1-8D.

[0016] Figure 1 is a schematic perspective view of a land vehicle approaching a device 10 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. First response personnel, law enforcement personnel, armed forces personnel or other security personnel may use the device 10 to slow, disable, immobilize and/or restrict the movement of the land vehicle. Examples of land vehicles may include cars, trucks, tracked vehicles such as bulldozers or tanks, or any other vehicles that use pneumatic tires, airless tires, endless tracks, or other ground engaging traction devices to accelerate, steer, or support the land vehicle. The term "ground" may refer to natural or manmade terrain including improved roadways, gravel, sand, dirt, etc. Figure 1 shows a car C supported, steered, and/or accelerated by pneumatic tires T relative to an improved roadway R.

[0017] Certain embodiments according to the present disclosure deploy the device 10 in the expected pathway of a target vehicle, e.g., the car C. The undeployed device 10 may be placed on the ground, e.g., on or at the side of the road R, and then armed. For example, the device 10 can be armed by making a power source available in anticipation of deploying the device 10. The device 10 is deployed, e.g., extended across the expected pathway of the target vehicle, as the vehicle approaches the device 10. The device 10 may be deployed when the target vehicle is a short distance away, e.g., less than 100 feet. This may avoid alerting the driver to the presence of the device 10 and thus make it more likely that the target vehicle will successfully run over the device 10. Similarly, remotely or automatically deploying the device 10 may reduce the likelihood that the driver will notice the device 10 or take evasive action to avoid running over the device 10. Remotely deploying the device 10 also allows the device operator (not shown) to move away from the target vehicle and thereby reduce or eliminate the likelihood of the vehicle striking the operator.

[0018] Figures 2A-2C are schematic perspective views showing the device 10 in an undeployed arrangement (Figure 2A), an armed arrangement (Figure 2B), and a deployed arrangement (Figure 2C). Figure 2A shows an embodiment according to the present disclosure including a housing 20 for storing, transporting and/or handling the device 10 in the undeployed arrangement. In particular, the housing 20 may include a bottom portion 20a coupled to a top portion 20b and a front portion 20c in an ammunition box type configuration. Opening the housing 20 (Figure 2B) and/or another action, e.g., tripping a switch, may arm the device 10. Once armed, the device 10 is ready to be deployed. As the target vehicle approaches the device 10, a strap package 30 is deployed (Figure 2C) such that the strap package 30 is unfolded or unfurled in the expected path of the target vehicle.

[0019] Figure 3 is a perspective view of the strap package 30 including an inflator device 40 and a retractor device 60 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure before the device 10 is deployed. The strap package 30 includes a plurality of plates 32 (ten plates 32a-32j are shown in Figure 3) that are pivotally coupled by alternating first and second joints. Individual first joints 34 (four first joints 34a-34d are shown in Figure 3) include a single pivot axis between adjacent plates 32, and individual second joints 36 (five second joints 36a-36e are shown in Figure 3) include two separate pivot axes spaced by a link between adjacent plates 32. According to the embodiment shown in Figure 3, second joint 36a pivotally couples plates 32a and 32b, first joint 34a pivotally couples plates 32b and 32c, second joint 36b pivotally couples plates 32c and 32d, first joint 34b pivotally couples plates 32d and 32e, second joint 36c pivotally couples plates 32e and 32f, first joint 34c pivotally couples plates 32f and 32g, second joint 36d pivotally couples plates 32g and 32h, first joint 34d pivotally couples plates 32h and 32i, and second joint 36e pivotally couples plates 32i and 32j. Accordingly, the strap package 30 includes an articulated series of plates 32 and joints 34 and 36. The second joints 36 may alternatively be viewed as "shorter" plates with individual pivot axes that couple the shorter plates to adjacent "longer" plates 32.

[0020] The undcploycd or stacked arrangement of the strap package 30 shown in

Figure 3 includes the plates 32a through 32j overlying one another. In particular, plate 32j overlies plate 32i (they are separated by second joint 36e), plate 32i directly overlies plate 32h (they are coupled by first joint 34d), plate 32h overlies plate 32g (they are separated by second joint 36d), plate 32g directly overlies plate 32f (they are coupled by first joint 34c), plate 32f overlies plate 32e (they are separated by second joint 36c), plate 32e directly overlies plate 32d (they are coupled by first joint 34b), plate 32d overlies plate 32c (they are separated by second joint 36b), plate 32c directly overlies plate 32b (they are coupled by first joint 34a), and plate 32b overlies plate 32a (they are separated by second joint 36a). The spaces between the plates 32 due to the separation provided by the second joints 36 accommodate penetrators that are coupled to the plates 32 as will be discussed in greater detail below.

[0021] The plates 32 and/or the second joints 36 can include fiberglass, corrugated plastic or cardboard, wood, or another material that is suitably strong and lightweight. For example, GlO is an extremely durable makeup of layers of fiberglass soaked in resin that is highly compressed and baked. Moreover, GlO is impervious to moisture or liquid and physically stable under climate change. The plates 32 provide a platform suitable for delivering the spikes, caltrops, explosive charges, etc. that penetrate a tire of a target vehicle. Accordingly, the size and shape of the plates 32 may be selected to provide adequate support on lose or unstable ground, e.g., sand. For example, a six-inch by 17.5 inch plate made from 1/32 inch thick G-10 can provide a suitable platform. The size of the plates 32 may also affect how far the strap package 30 extends in the deployed arrangement, e.g., shorter plates 32 may result in a shorter strap package 30 being deployed.

[0022] The in flat or device 40 includes inflatable bladders 42 (two inflatable bladders

42a and 42b are shown in Figure 4) that are also accommodated in the spaces between the plates 32 due to the separation provided by the second joints 36. The inflator device 40 additionally includes a pressure source 44, e.g., a pressurized gas cylinder, gas generator, an accumulator, etc., and a manifold 46 coupling the pressure source 44 to the bladders 42. The bladders 42 are mounted to the plates 32 and, in response to being inflated by the pressure source 44, expand to deploy the strap package 30. Certain embodiments according to the present disclosure include tubular bladders 42 mounted lengthwise along the plates 32 such that, in the stacked arrangement of the strap package 30, the bladders 42 are temporarily creased at the first and second joints 34 and 36. Accordingly, each bladder 42 defines a series of chambers that may be sequentially inflated starting at the end of the bladder 42 coupled to the manifold 46. As each chamber is inflated, the expanding bladder unstacks, e.g., unfolds, unfurls, or otherwise begins to deploy, adjacent overlying plates 32 until the bladders 42 are approximately fully expanded and the strap package is deployed, e.g., as shown in Figure 2C. The pivot axes of the first and second joints 34 and 36 may assist in constraining the strap package 30 to deploying in a plane, e.g., minimizing or eliminating twisting by the strap package 30 about its longitudinal axis when it is being deployed.

[0023] The infiator device 40 may also include a sensor (not shown) for sensing an approaching vehicle and automatically deploying the strap package 30. Examples of suitable sensors may include magnetic sensors, range sensors, or any other device that can sense an approaching vehicle and deploy the strap package 30 before of the vehicle arrives at the device 10. The infiator device 40 may alternatively or additionally include a remote actuation device (not shown) for manually deploying the strap package 30. The sensor and/or the remote actuation device may be coupled to the device 10 by wires, wirelessly, or another communication system for conveying a "deploy signal" to the device 10. Examples of wireless communication technology include electromagnetic transmission (e.g., radio frequency) and optical transmission (e.g., laser or infrared).

[0024] Figure 4 is a detail view of a portion of the strap package 30 after being deployed. As the target vehicle drives onto or over the deployed strap package 30, the tires of the target vehicle will engage penetrators 50, e.g., hollow spikes, barbs, hooks or other devices for penetrating and deflating a pneumatic tire. The number and distribution of penetrators 50 on the plates 32 can be varied as desired; however, increasing the number of penetrators 50 and/or decreasing the relative spacing between penetrators 50 are believed to increase the likelihood that at least one of the tires of the target vehicle will be impaled.

[0025] The penetrators 50 may alternately or additionally include one or more explosive charges (not shown). These charges, e.g., shaped charges such as linear shape charges, are suitable for rupturing or otherwise severing the tread or other components of pneumatic tires, airless tires, endless tracks, and/or other ground engaging traction devices of land vehicles. Such explosive charges may be triggered in response to sensing the weight of the target vehicle following deployment of the strap package 30, e.g., as described above. Certain embodiments of the penetrators SO according to the present disclosure can include independent shaped charges and/or elongated linear shape charges that extend along individual plates 32. Moreover, the penetrators 50 can include combinations of spikes and charges. In operation, only the penetrators SO that are engaged by the target vehicle are activated, e.g., spikes are picked up, charges explode, etc.

[0026] Certain embodiments according to the present disclosure may include hollow spikes to puncture and deflate pneumatic tires. Deflating one or more of the tires may cause the vehicle to become more difficult to control, e.g., deflating a tire used for steering may limit or prevent the ability of the target vehicle to maneuver and/or deflating a tire used for driving the target vehicle may limit or prevent accelerating or braking. Hollow spikes can be pulled from a spike holder (not shown in Figure 4) on a plate 32 after the spikes contact and penetrate the tire. The hollow spike will then allow air in the tire to escape. The rate at which air escapes can be relatively rapid, e.g., with unimpeded air flow through the hollow spike, or relatively slow, e.g., with a valve or other flow restrictor (not shown) in the hollow spike.

[0027] Referring to Figures 3 and 4, the retractor device 60 includes a winch 62 for winding in a cable 64. The winch 62 may be electrically, pneumatically, mechanically (e.g., with a resilient element such as a torsion spring), or otherwise powered. The cable 64 may alternatively or additionally include a monofilament line, a tape, or another suitable flexible tension device for retracting the strap package 30 from the deployed arrangement shown in Figure 2C. Certain embodiments according to the present disclosure include the cable 64 running along the plates 32 and the second joints 36 in the stacked arrangement shown in Figure 2B. The cable 64 is secured at one end to the winch 62, extends through holes 66, e.g., possibly lined by grommets (not shown), in the plates 32, and is secured at the other end to plate 32j. The holes 66 may be positioned proximate to the first joints 34. Accordingly, the cable 64 does not impede deploying the strap package 30 and draws the plates 32 into a retracted arrangement that is akin to the stacked arrangement of the plates 32 before they are deployed. A difference between the retracted and stacked arrangements is that the winch 62 has wound-in the cable 64 in the retracted arrangement. The retractor device 60 is used to retract the strap package 30 from the deployed arrangement shown in Figure 2C under a variety of circumstances including, e.g., after the target vehicle has run over the device 10 but before a pursuit vehicle runs over the device 10 or after a predetermined time period has elapsed following an automatic deployment without a target vehicle running over the device 10. Certain embodiments of the winch 62 according to the present disclosure may include a clutch and/or lock-release mechanism that allows the cable 64 to be freely unwound so that the plates 32 can be restacked and the cable 64 can be restrung for subsequent re-deployment. Certain other embodiments according to the present disclosure may include a cutting device for severing the cable 64 in the retracted arrangement. This would allow a secondary deployment of the device 10 even though the winch 62 would not be able to retract the device 10 following the secondary deployment.

[0028] Figures SA and SB are cross-section views of the devices 10 including foam spike protectors 70. Deploying the strap package 30 involves flinging the plates 32 with the sharpened penetrators 50. The foam protectors 70 may reduce or prevent incidental contact with the penetrators 50. Figure 5A shows an embodiment including blocks of foam, e.g., expanded polystyrene (EPS), coupled to the plates 32 so as to approximately encase the penetrators 50. Foams such as EPS are suitable materials because they are lightweight and they do not appreciably interfere with the penetrator 50 impaling a tire because the foam is readily crushed by the target vehicle. Other materials and configurations presenting similar characteristics may alternatively or additionally be used. Figure 5B shows an alternative configuration in which interlocking foam protectors 70a and 70b are coupled to the adjacent plates 32 to either side of the second joints 36. The configuration shown in Figure 5B allows longer penetrators 50 to be supported by the plates 32 as compared to the configuration shown in Figure 5A. As discussed above, the plates 32 provide a support platform for the penetrators 50, even when the device is deployed on lose or unstable ground.

[0029] An additional advantage of the protectors 70 is retaining the penetrators 50 in holders 52 mounted on the plates 32. Accordingly, the protectors 70 can prevent the penetrators 50 from being prematurely released from the holders 52, e.g., before a tire of a target vehicle is impaled on one or more of the penetrators 50. Certain embodiments according to the present disclosure include penetrators 50 and/or holders 52 that are retained against or in contact with a plate 32. The penetrator 50 may be a hollow spike having a barbed tip that penetrates a pneumatic tire. Such a penetrator 50 may then be pulled from the holder 52 and allow air in the tire to exhaust through the hollow spike interior.

[0030] Figure 6 is a partial perspective view of the device 10 including a spike erector

80. As was described with respect to Figure 5B, longer penetrators 50 may be desirable. Figure 6 shows an embodiment according to the present disclosure wherein a penetrator 50 includes, e.g., a hollow spike that extends from a sharp tip to a base pivotal Iy coupled to an individual plate 32. A rod 82 may extend through a protector 70 to erect the penetrator 50 in response to inflating the bladder 42. In particular, the bladder 42 may drive the rod 82 in a slot 84 to drive the penetrator 50 from an oblique arrangement in the undeployed arrangement to an approximately orthogonal arrangement in the deployed arrangement of the device 10.

[0031] The operation of the erector 80 will be further described with additional reference to Figures 7A and 7B. In the undeployed arrangement of the device 10 shown in Figure 7A, the bladder 42 is uninflated and three penetrators 50 are obliquely arranged with respect to a single plate 32. In particular, each of the penetrators 50 is pivotally coupled to the 32 by respective pivot blocks 88. Individual pockets 86 in the protector 70 may define a range of motion of the penetrators 50, e.g., between the oblique arrangement with respect to the plate 32 in the undeployed arrangement (Figure 7A) to the approximately orthogonal arrangement with respect to the plate 32 in the deployed arrangement (Figure 7B). Alternatively or additionally, the pivot blocks 88 may include a disc positioned between the plate 32 and the base of the penetrator 50. A resilient "hair" or sliver of the disc can bias the penetrator 50 toward the undeployed arrangement until a rod 82 erects the penetrator 50. Inflating the bladder 42 drives the rods 82 in the slots 84 and in turn causes the penetrators 50 to pivot in the pivot blocks 88 such that at least a portion of the penetrators 50 project outside of the pockets 86 as shown in Figure 7B. Accordingly, the erector 80 facilitates using longer penetrators 50 that are concealed by the protector 70 in the undeployed arrangement of the device 10 and are exposed in the deployed arrangement of the device 10. Certain other embodiments according to the present disclosure may use a tape or another flexible tension member (not shown) to erect and/or retract the penetrators 50, possibly in response to the device 10 being deployed or due to a specific erecting action, e.g., provided by the winch 62. Accordingly, it is also envisioned that hinge springs positioned at the first and second joints 34 and 36 may provide additional energy for deploying the strap package 30 and/or pulling on the flexible member to erect the penetrators 50. [0032] Figures 8A-8D show a cover over the foam protectors 70a and 70b shown in

Figure 5B. Figures 8A and 8C show perspective views of the interlocking protectors 70a and 70b including covers 90a and 90b, respectively. Figures 8B and 8D show cross-section views of the covers 90a and 90b, respectively. The covers 90 may be fixed, e.g., adhered, to the foam protectors 70 and/or wrap around and be fixed to the plates 32. The covers 90 also include channels that are sized to accommodate the inflated bladders 42. The covers 90 can include molded plastic, fiber tape or another material suitable for stiffening and/or sheathing the protectors 70.

[0033] The deployment of the inflatable strap package 30 will be carried out after the device 10 is positioned for use. A gas generator can be used as the pressure source 44 for deploying of the strap package 30. The gas generator may be activated by an operator from a remote location through use of an actuation device such as a radio signal generator or other remote switching device. Alternatively a proximity detector can be used to actuate the device 10 and deploy the strap package 30 when a target vehicle comes into the range of the proximity detector. By rapidly filling the tubular straps with gas generated in the gas generator, or with gas released from a storage device, the inflatable bladders 42 and the attendant strap package 30 will deploy from the armed position as shown in Figure 2B to the deployed position as shown in Figure 2C.

[0034] In operation the device 10 will be placed at a location where a target vehicle is expected to pass over the device 10. The device 10 can be placed at the side or on a road, at a check point or choke point inside or between barriers, or anywhere that is in the expected path of a target vehicle. Certain embodiments according to the present disclosure include incorporating the device 10 into typical environmental features to camouflage the presence of the device 10. Once positioned in the expected path of a target vehicle, the device 10 is prepared for deployment by safely arming the device remotely by a proximity sensor, a radio frequency remote activator, a hard-wired controller, etc. Alternatively, the device 10 may be armed by a person opening the housing 20 or having a user trip a switch on the device 10. As a target vehicle approaches the device 10, the strap package 30 will be deployed, e.g., by an operator sending a signal to the device to activate the gas generator to inflate the tubular bladders 42. The target vehicle will drive over the strap package 30 and the penetrators 50 will engage a ground traction device, e.g., tire, on the target vehicle. Thereafter, the tubular bladders 42 may be deflated and the strap package 30 retracted by the winch 62. Accordingly, retracting the device 10 may allow pursuing vehicles, e.g., security personnel vehicles, to not drive over the strap package 30 and the penetrators 50.

[0035] The operation of a one embodiment according to the present disclosure will now be described with reference to Figures 9A-9C. There are several stages that may characterize the deployment dynamics. Figure 9A shows a first stage including initial stack rotation. The entire backing plate stack rotates about the second joint 36a during the first stage. The joint 36a keeps the rotating structure aligned and the stack balanced so that there is no 'out of plane' or torsional rotation. Figure 9B shows a second stage that includes stack rotation and initial launch. The entire stack continues to rotate past an approximately 45 degree angle about the second joint 36a and begins exhibit a 'linear' trajectory along the direction of unfurlment (Z-axis). The stack now begins to 'lift' from the plate 32b. As with the first stage, the first and second joints 34 and 36 keep the rotating structure aligned and the stack balanced so as to minimize 'out of plane' displacements. Figure 9B also shows "unkinking" the tubular bladders 42 at the first joint 34a such that the next "chamber" or segment of the tubular bladders 42 begins to inflate. Figure 9C shows a third stage that includes launching the stack. The stack may be a few degrees from vertical and exhibits a forward velocity and kinetic energy. After a successful launch, the first and second joints 34 and 36 ensure that the degrees of freedom during deployment continue to minimize or eliminate 'out of plane' or torsional rotations. Subsequent stages of the deployment dynamics include when the stack is about half its original size and there is enough kinetic energy in the system to extend the remainder of the plates to full deployment. Again, the first and second joints 34 and 36 continue to minimize or eliminate 'out of plane' or torsional rotations by the plates that have 'touched down' on the ground. In a final stage of the deployment dynamics, all of the plates 32 are fully extended. Following deployment, the strap package 30 can be retracted by deflating the bladders 42 and winding the cable 64 with the winch 62. The bladders 42 may be deflated by manual or automatically timed operation of a valve, electromagnetic solenoid, or any other device suitable for releasing gas pressure in the bladders 42.

[0036] An advantage of the device 10 is that it avoids putting security personnel in danger since the device 10 can be placed in position and then deployed and/or retracted remotely. Thus, the person placing the device 10 can stand off from the device 10 at a safe distance from the expected path of a target vehicle, and the strap package 30 of the device 10 can be deployed when a target vehicle approaches the location of the device 10. The remotely deployed device 10 may therefore be safer than using the convention spike strips that must be tossed in front of an approaching target vehicle.

[0037] Another advantage of the device 10 is that the strap package 30 is reloadable.

In particular, the plates 32, penetrators 50, and pressure source 44 may be reloaded after deploying the device 10. Moreover, only those portions of the device 10 that are used need to be replaced. These portions may include, for example, the crushed sections of foam 70, the removed penetrators 50, and/or the exhausted gas generator 44.

[0038] Yet another advantage of the device 10 is the ability to slow, disable, immobilize and/or restrict the movement of a land vehicle with a device that is relatively insensitive to precise placement underneath a target vehicle. Moreover, the device 10 may be automatically and/or remotely armed and triggered for deploying the device 10 with minimal user intervention.

[0039] The above detailed description of embodiments is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed above. Also, well-known structures and functions have not been shown or described in detail to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the description of the embodiments of the present disclosure. While specific embodiments of, and examples for, the invention are described above for illustrative purposes, various equivalent modifications are possible within the scope of the invention, as those skilled in the relevant art will recognize. As an example, certain embodiments of devices 10 according to the present disclosure may include a pressure generator disposed in a device control housing with other operating elements, such as, but not limited to, a pressure delivery manifold, control circuitry to arm and deploy the strap or straps, a proximity detector, a signal receiving and sending circuit and any other hardware, software or firmware necessary or helpful in the operation of the device 10. As another example, the device 10 may be housed in a clamshell-type briefcase or ammunition box type housing and include a pressure manifold and a pressure-generating device, such as compressed gas or a gas generator connected to the manifold. In other embodiments more than one manifold and more than one pressure generating device, or any combination thereof, may be included in the device 10. [0040] Unless the context clearly requires otherwise, throughout the description and the claims, the words "comprise", "comprising", and the like are to be construed in an inclusive sense, as opposed to an exclusive or exhaustive sense; that is to say, in the sense of including, but not limited to. Additionally, the words "herein", "above", "below", and words of similar connotation, when used in the present disclosure, shall refer to the present disclosure as a whole and not to any particular portions of the present disclosure. Where the context permits, words in the above Detailed Description using the singular or plural number may also include the plural or singular number respectively. The word "or", in reference to a list of two or more items, covers all of the following interpretations of the word: any of the items in the list, all of the items in the list, and any combination of the items in the list.

[0041] While certain aspects of the invention are presented below in certain claim forms, the inventors contemplate the various aspects of the invention in any number of claim forms. Accordingly, the inventors reserve the right to add additional claims after filing the application to pursue such additional claim forms for other aspects of the invention.