WO2018102463A1 | 2018-06-07 |
US10858304B1 | 2020-12-08 | |||
US9822275B2 | 2017-11-21 | |||
US4248957A | 1981-02-03 |
CLAIMS 1. A compound according to Formula I: wherein: A is (C8-20) alkylaryl; R1a and R1b are independently (C1-12)alkyl, (C2-12)alkenyl, (C3- 8)cycloalkyl, or 5- to 9-membered aryl or each R4 is independently (C1-12)alkyl, or -C(O)R5; each R5 is (C1-12)alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by R6, (C2-12)alkenyl unsubstituted or substituted by R6, (C3-8)cycloalkyl, or 5- to 9- membered aryl; each R6 is (C1-4)alkoxy, or oxo; and each n is independently an integer from 1 to 15 or each R7 is independently (C1-12)alkyl. 2. The compound of claim 1 wherein A is 1,2-, 1,3-, or 1,4-disubstituted phenyl, having a volatile organic content of less than 50 wt% according to ASTM D6886, wherein R4 is hydrogen or ethyl, and wherein n is an integer from 1 to 4. 3. An enol ether compound selected from the group consisting of compounds having Formulas 20-93: and isomers thereof. 4. A compound according to formula I: wherein: A is (C8-20) alkylaryl; R1a and R1b are independently (C1-12)alkyl, (C2-12)alkenyl, (C3- 8)cycloalkyl, or 5- to 9-membered aryl or each R4 is independently (C1-12)alkyl, or -C(O)R5; each R5 is (C1-12)alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by R6, (C2-12)alkenyl unsubstituted or substituted by R6, (C3-8)cycloalkyl, or 5- to 9- membered aryl; each R6 is (C1-4)alkoxy, or oxo; and each n is independently an integer from 1 to 15 or each R7 is independently (C1-12)alkyl each z is an integer from 1 to 4. 5. The compound of claim 4 having a volatile organic content of less than 50 wt% according to ASTM D6886, wherein A is 1,2-, 1,3-, or 1,4- disubstituted phenyl, wherein R4 is hydrogen or ethyl and wherein, n is an integer from 1 to 4. 6. A coating composition comprising: a. at least one latex compound; and b. at least one aromatic enol ether having Formula I: wherein: A is (C8-20) alkylaryl; R1a and R1b are independently (C1-12)alkyl, (C2-12)alkenyl, (C3- 8)cycloalkyl, or 5- to 9-membered aryl or each R4 is independently (C1-12)alkyl, or -C(O)R5; each R5 is (C1-12)alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by R6, (C2-12)alkenyl unsubstituted or substituted by R6, (C3-8)cycloalkyl, or 5- to 9- membered aryl; each R6 is (C1-4)alkoxy, or oxo; and each n is independently an integer from 1 to 15 or each R7 is independently (C1-12)alkyl. 7. The aromatic enol ether of claim 6 having a volatile organic content of less than 50 wt% according to ASTM D6886 wherein A is 1,2-, 1,3-, or 1,4- disubstituted phenyl, wherein R4 is hydrogen or ethyl and wherein, n is an integer from 1 to 4. 8. The coating composition of claim 6 wherein said latex compound is an acrylic polymer, a vinyl acrylic polymer, a styrene butadiene polymer or a styrene acrylic latex polymer, or a mixture thereof. 9. The coating composition of claim 6 wherein said latex compound is a styrene, methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl acrylate, ethyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate, butyl methacrylate, isobutyl acrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, ethylhexyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, isoprene, octyl acrylate, octyl methacrylate, iso-octyl acrylate, iso- octyl methacrylate, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, crotonic acid, O-methyl styrene, vinyl naphthalene, vinyl toluene, chloromethyl styrene, hydroxyethyl (meth)acrylate, hydroxypropyl (meth)acrylate, acrylonitrile, glycidyl methacrylate, acetoacetoxyethyl methacrylate, acetoacetoxy ethyl acrylate, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, vinyl acetate, butyl acrylamide, or ethyl acrylamide polymer or mixture thereof. 10 A coating composition comprising: a. at least one latex compound; and b. at least one aromatic enol ether having Formula I: wherein: A is (C8-20) alkylaryl; R1a and R1b are independently (C1-12)alkyl, (C2-12)alkenyl, (C3- 8)cycloalkyl, or 5- to 9-membered aryl or each R4 is independently (C1-12)alkyl, or -C(O)R5; each R5 is (C1-12)alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by R6, (C2-12)alkenyl unsubstituted or substituted by R6, (C3-8)cycloalkyl, or 5- to 9- membered aryl; each R6 is (C1-4)alkoxy, or oxo; and each n is independently an integer from 1 to 15 or each R7 is independently (C1-12)alkyl each z is an integer from 1 to 4. 11. The aromatic enol ether of claim 10 having a volatile organic content of less than 50 wt% according to ASTM D6886, wherein A is 1,2-, 1,3-, or 1,4- disubstituted phenyl, wherein R4 is hydrogen or ethyl and wherein, n is an integer from 1 to 4. 12. The coating composition of claim 10 wherein said latex compound is an acrylic polymer, a vinyl acrylic polymer, a styrene butadiene polymer or a styrene acrylic latex polymer, or a mixture thereof. 13. The coating composition of claim 10 wherein said latex compound is a styrene, methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl acrylate, ethyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate, butyl methacrylate, isobutyl acrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, ethylhexyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, isoprene, octyl acrylate, octyl methacrylate, iso-octyl acrylate, iso- octyl methacrylate, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, crotonic acid, O-methyl styrene, vinyl naphthalene, vinyl toluene, chloromethyl styrene, hydroxyethyl (meth)acrylate, hydroxypropyl (meth)acrylate, acrylonitrile, glycidyl methacrylate, acetoacetoxyethyl methacrylate, acetoacetoxy ethyl acrylate, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, vinyl acetate, butyl acrylamide, or ethyl acrylamide polymer or mixture thereof. 14. A coating composition comprising: a. at least one latex compound; and b. at least one aromatic enol ether selected from the group consisting of compositions 20-93: and isomers thereof. 15. The coating composition of claim 14wherein said latex compound is a styrene, methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl acrylate, ethyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate, butyl methacrylate, isobutyl acrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, ethylhexyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, isoprene, octyl acrylate, octyl methacrylate, iso-octyl acrylate, iso- octyl methacrylate, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, crotonic acid, O-methyl styrene, vinyl naphthalene, vinyl toluene, chloromethyl styrene, hydroxyethyl (meth)acrylate, hydroxypropyl (meth)acrylate, acrylonitrile, glycidyl methacrylate, acetoacetoxyethyl methacrylate, acetoacetoxy ethyl acrylate, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, vinyl acetate, butyl acrylamide, or ethyl acrylamide polymer or mixture thereof. |
GC-MS t R : 41.84 – 43.72 min (broad peak) (Exact mass: 566.38 m/z, found: 566.5 m/z). Example 12: A mixture of (E,E/Z,Z) - 1,3-bis(1-(2-(2- methoxyethoxy)ethoxy)prop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [15a], (E/Z) - 1-(1-(2-(2- methoxyethoxy)ethoxy)prop-1-en-2-yl)-3-(3-(2-(2- methoxyethoxy)ethoxy)prop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [15b], 1,3-bis(3-(2-(2- methoxyethoxy)ethoxy)prop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [15c]. GC-MS t R : 22.57 min, 22.91 min, 23.08 min, 23.79 min, 24.08 min, 25.43 min (Exact mass: 394.24 m/z, found: 394.3 m/z). Example 13-1 and Example 13-2: A mixture of (E,E/Z,Z) - 1,3-bis(1-(2-(2- ethoxyethoxy)ethoxy)prop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [16a], (E/Z) - 1-(1-(2-(2- ethoxyethoxy)ethoxy)prop-1-en-2-yl)-3-(3-(2-(2- ethoxyethoxy)ethoxy)prop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [16b], and 1,3-bis(3-(2-(2- ethoxyethoxy)ethoxy)prop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [16c]. GC-MS t R : 24.07 min, 24.73 min, 24.80 min, 25.72 min, 25.87 min, 27.78 min (Exact mass: 422.27 m/z, found: 422.3 m/z). 0.05 equiv. of sodium bisulfate used. Example 13-1: 0.025 equiv. of sodium bisulfate used. Ratio of 16a:16b:16c = 1.0:1.7:3.6. Example 13-2: 0.50 equiv. of sodium bisulfate used. Ratio of 16a:16b:16c = 1.0:2.7:10. Example 14: A mixture of (E,E/Z,Z) - 1,3-bis(1-(2-(2- propoxyethoxy)ethoxy)prop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [17a], (E/Z) - 1-(1-(2-(2- propoxyethoxy)ethoxy)prop-1-en-2-yl)-3-(3-(2-(2- propoxyethoxy)ethoxy)prop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [17b], and 1,3-bis(3-(2-(2- propoxyethoxy)ethoxy)prop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [17c]
GC-MS t R : 27.42 min, 28.16 min, 28.63 min, 29.80 min, 30.61 min, 33.20 min (Exact mass: 450.30 m/z, found: 450.4 m/z). Example 15: A mixture of (E,E/Z,Z) - 1,3-bis(1-(2-(2- butoxyethoxy)ethoxy)prop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [18a], (E/Z) - 1-(1-(2-(2- butoxyethoxy)ethoxy)prop-1-en-2-yl)-3-(3-(2-(2- butoxyethoxy)ethoxy)prop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [18b], and 1,3-bis(3-(2-(2- butoxyethoxy)ethoxy)prop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [18c]. GC-MS t R : 32.75 min, 33.89 min, 34.68 min, 36.20 min, 37.42 min, 41.29 min (Exact mass: 478.33 m/z, found: 478.4 m/z). Example 16: A mixture of (E,E/Z,Z) - 1,3-di(2,5,8,11-tetraoxatetradec-12- en-13-yl)benzene [19a], (E/Z) - 13-(3-(2,5,8,11-tetraoxatetradec-13-en-13- yl)phenyl)-2,5,8,11-tetraoxatetradec-12-ene [19b], and 1,3-di(2,5,8,11- tetraoxatetradec-13-en-13-yl)benzene [19c].
GC-MS t R : 35.57 min, 36.92 min, 37.81 min, 39.66 min, 41.11 min, 45.59 min (Exact mass: 482.29 m/z, found: 482.3 m/z). Method C: [0047] To a 4-necked round-bottom flask fitted with an overhead stirrer, thermocouple, and nitrogen inlet was added dialdehyde 2 or 4 (1 equiv.), glycol ether solvent (5 equiv.) and lower-boiling, aliphatic alcohol (5 equiv.). Phosphoric acid (0.5 equiv., 85% in water) was added all at once. A liquid level was marked on the reaction flask. The mixture was sparged (sub- surface) with nitrogen at a flow rate of 250 mL/min. The system was then pulled under vacuum. The reaction mixture was heated to 75°C. The lower- boiling alcohol component was continuously removed from the reaction to facilitate water-removal. Over the course of the reaction, fresh lower-boiling alcohol component was added back to the reaction flask such that the liquid volume was maintained up to the marked liquid level on the flask. Once GC and NMR confirmed >99.5% conversion of aldehyde, the reaction mixture was cooled to ambient temperature and then diluted with a minimal amount of toluene. This mixture was then poured into water containing 1.25 equiv. of NaOH. The layers were separated and the organics were washed with water three times. After washing, the organics were dried with MgSO 4 , filtered, and the volatiles were removed under reduced pressure. The mixture was then transferred to a 4-necked flask containing glass boiling chips and fitted with a thermocouple and short-path condenser. The excess, unreacted alcohols were first removed under reduced pressure with heat. Once complete, 0.05 equiv. of phosphoric acid was added to the reactor. The mixture was further heated to facilitate conversion to enol ether. The reaction was heated until the rate of alcohol production dropped substantially and NMR or GC analysis indicated >95% conversion to the desired product. Example 17: A mixture of (E,E/Z,Z) - 1,4-bis(1-(2-(2- propoxyethoxy)ethoxy)prop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [10], (E,E/Z,Z) - 1-(1-(2-(2- propoxyethoxy)ethoxy)prop-1-en-2-yl)-4-(1-propoxyprop-1-en-2 - yl)benzene [23], and (E,E/Z,Z) - 1,4-bis(1-propoxyprop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [20] GC-MS t R : 29.61 min, 33.23 min, 37.51 min (10, Exact mass: 450.3 m/z, found: 450.4 m/z), 20.85 min, 21.57 min, 21.83 min, 22.75 min (23, Exact mass: 362.2 m/z, found: 362.3 m/z), 17.20 min, 17.52 min, 17.83 min (20, Exact mass: 274.2 m/z, found: 274.1 m/z). Example 18: A mixture of (E,E/Z,Z) - 1,4-bis(1-(2-(2- propoxyethoxy)ethoxy)prop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [10], (E,E/Z,Z) - 1-(1- butoxyprop-1-en-2-yl)-4-(1-(2-(2-propoxyethoxy)ethoxy)prop-1 -en-2- yl)benzene [24], and (E,E/Z,Z) - 1,4-bis(1-butoxyprop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [21]
GC-MS t R : 29.65 min, 33.18 min, 37.42 min (10, Exact mass: 450.3 m/z, found: 450.4 m/z), 21.71 min, 22.84 min, 22.97 min, 24.34 min (24, Exact mass: 376.3 m/z, found: 376.3 m/z), 18.15 min, 18.68 min, 19.22 min (21, Exact mass: 302.2 m/z, found: 302.3 m/z). Example 19: A mixture of (E,E/Z,Z) - 1,4-bis(1-(2-(2- propoxyethoxy)ethoxy)prop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [10], (E,E/Z,Z) - 1-(1- isobutoxyprop-1-en-2-yl)-4-(1-(2-(2-propoxyethoxy)ethoxy)pro p-1-en-2- yl)benzene [25], and (E,E/Z,Z) - 1,4-bis(1-isobutoxyprop-1-en-2- yl)benzene [22] GC-MS t R : 29.60 min, 33.18 min, 37.48 min (10, Exact mass: 450.3 m/z, found: 450.4 m/z), 21.17 min, 22.28 min, 23.51 min (25, Exact mass: 376.3 m/z, found: 376.3 m/z), 17.58 min, 18.06 min, 18.55 min (22, Exact mass: 302.2 m/z, found: 302.3 m/z). Example 20: A mixture of (E,E/Z,Z) - 1,4-bis(1-(2-(2- isopropoxyethoxy)ethoxy)prop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [44], (E,E/Z,Z) - 1-(1-(2- (2-isopropoxyethoxy)ethoxy)prop-1-en-2-yl)-4-(1-propoxyprop- 1-en-2- yl)benzene [26], and (E,E/Z,Z) - 1,4-bis(1-propoxyprop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [20] GC-MS t R : 27.02 min, 29.68 min, 32.85 min (44, Exact mass: 450.3 m/z, found: 450.4 m/z), 20.32 min, 21.01 min, 21.23 min, 21.98 min (26, Exact mass: 362.2 m/z, found: 362.3 m/z), 17.17 min, 17.55 min, 17.84 min (20, Exact mass: 274.2 m/z, found: 274.1 m/z). Example 21: A mixture of (E,E/Z,Z) - 1,4-bis(1-(2-(2- isopropoxyethoxy)ethoxy)prop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [44], (E,E/Z,Z) - 1-(1- butoxyprop-1-en-2-yl)-4-(1-(2-(2-isopropoxyethoxy)ethoxy)pro p-1-en-2- yl)benzene [27], and (E,E/Z,Z) - 1,4-bis(1-butoxyprop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [21] GC-MS t R : 26.94 min, 29.67 min, 32.88 min (44, Exact mass: 450.3 m/z, found: 450.4 m/z), 21.08 min, 22.19 min, 23.43 min (27, Exact mass: 376.3 m/z, found: 376.3 m/z), 18.14 min, 18.68 min, 19.22 min (21, Exact mass: 302.2 m/z, found: 302.3 m/z). Example 22: A mixture of (E,E/Z,Z) - 1,4-bis(1-(2-(2- isopropoxyethoxy)ethoxy)prop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [44], (E,E/Z,Z) - 1-(1- isobutoxyprop-1-en-2-yl)-4-(1-(2-(2-isopropoxyethoxy)ethoxy) prop-1-en- 2-yl)benzene [28], and (E,E/Z,Z) - 1,4-bis(1-isobutoxyprop-1-en-2- yl)benzene [22] GC-MS t R : 27.00 min, 29.67 min, 32.92 min (44, Exact mass: 450.3 m/z, found: 450.4 m/z), 20.59 min, 21.61 min, 21.74 min, 22.71 min (28, Exact mass: 376.3 m/z, found: 376.3 m/z), 17.63 min, 18.06 min, 18.55 min (22, Exact mass: 302.2 m/z, found: 302.1 m/z). Example 23: A mixture of (E,E/Z,Z) - 1,4-bis(1-(2-(2- butoxyethoxy)ethoxy)prop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [11], (E,E/Z,Z) - 1-(1-(2-(2- butoxyethoxy)ethoxy)prop-1-en-2-yl)-4-(1-propoxyprop-1-en-2- yl)benzene [29], and (E,E/Z,Z) - 1,4-bis(1-propoxyprop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [20]
GC-MS t R : 39.95 min, 41.67 min, 48.54 min (11, Exact mass: 478.3 m/z, found: 478.4 m/z), 21.82 min, 22.69 min, 23.13 min, 24.10 min (29, Exact mass: 376.3 m/z, found: 376.3 m/z), 17.20 min, 17.57 min, 17.86 min (20, Exact mass: 274.2 m/z, found: 274.1 m/z). Example 24: A mixture of (E,E/Z,Z) - 1,4-bis(1-(2-(2- butoxyethoxy)ethoxy)prop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [11], (E,E/Z,Z) - 1-(1-(2-(2- butoxyethoxy)ethoxy)prop-1-en-2-yl)-4-(1-butoxyprop-1-en-2-y l)benzene [30], and (E,E/Z,Z) - 1,4-bis(1-butoxyprop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [21] GC-MS t R : 35.97 min, 41.73 min, 48.77 min (11, Exact mass: 478.3 m/z, found: 478.4 m/z), 22.88 min, 24.29 min, 24.45 min, 26.14 min (30, Exact mass: 390.3 m/z, found: 390.3 m/z), 18.15 min, 18.68 min, 19.22 min (21, Exact mass: 302.2 m/z, found: 302.1 m/z). Example 25: A mixture of (E,E/Z,Z) - 1,4-bis(1-(2-(2- butoxyethoxy)ethoxy)prop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [11], (E,E/Z,Z) - 1-(1-(2-(2- butoxyethoxy)ethoxy)prop-1-en-2-yl)-4-(1-isobutoxyprop-1-en- 2- yl)benzene [31], and (E,E/Z,Z) - 1,4-bis(1-isobutoxyprop-1-en-2- yl)benzene [22] GC-MS t R : 36.01 min, 41.71 min, 48.67 min (11, Exact mass: 478.3 m/z, found: 478.4 m/z), 22.21 min, 23.51 min, 23.63 min, 25.13 min (31, Exact mass: 390.3 m/z, found: 390.3 m/z), 17.60 min, 18.08 min, 18.56 min (22, Exact mass: 302.2 m/z, found: 302.1 m/z). Example 26: A mixture of (E,E/Z,Z) - 1,3-bis(1-(2-(2- propoxyethoxy)ethoxy)prop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [17], (E,E/Z,Z) - 1-(1-(2-(2- propoxyethoxy)ethoxy)prop-1-en-2-yl)-3-(1-propoxyprop-1-en-2 - yl)benzene [35], and (E,E/Z,Z) - 1,3-bis(1-propoxyprop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [32] GC-MS t R : 27.34 min, 29.70 min, 32.94 min (17, Exact mass: 450.3 m/z, found: 450.4 m/z), 20.09 min, 20.60 min, 20.88 min, 21.58 min (35, Exact mass: 362.2 m/z, found: 362.3 m/z),16.80 min, 17.16 min, 17.46 min (32, Exact mass: 274.2 m/z, found: 274.1 m/z). Example 27: A mixture of (E,E/Z,Z) - 1,3-bis(1-(2-(2- propoxyethoxy)ethoxy)prop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [17] (E,E/Z,Z) - 1-(1- butoxyprop-1-en-2-yl)-3-(1-(2-(2-propoxyethoxy)ethoxy)prop-1 -en-2- yl)benzene [36], and (E,E/Z,Z) - 1,3-bis(1-butoxyprop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [33] GC-MS t R : 27.35 min, 29.69 min, 32.96 min (17, Exact mass: 450.3 m/z, found: 450.4 m/z), 20.79 min, 21.62 min, 21.77 min, 22.84 min (36, Exact mass: 376.3 m/z, found: 376.3 m/z), 17.71 min, 18.18 min, 18.68 min (33, Exact mass: 302.2 m/z, found: 302.1 m/z). Example 28: A mixture of (E,E/Z,Z) - 1,3-bis(1-(2-(2- propoxyethoxy)ethoxy)prop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [17], (E,E/Z,Z) - 1-(1- isobutoxyprop-1-en-2-yl)-3-(1-(2-(2-propoxyethoxy)ethoxy)pro p-1-en-2- yl)benzene [37], and (E,E/Z,Z) - 1,3-bis(1-isobutoxyprop-1-en-2- yl)benzene [34]
GC-MS t R : 27.35 min, 29.71 min, 32.95 min (17, Exact mass: 450.3 m/z, found: 450.4 m/z), 20.35 min, 21.08 min, 21.24 min, 22.18 min (37, Exact mass: 376.3 m/z, found: 376.3 m/z), 17.16 min, 17.61 min, 18.05 min (34, Exact mass: 302.2 m/z, found: 302.1 m/z). Example 29: A mixture of (E,E/Z,Z) - 1,3-bis(1-(2-(2- isopropoxyethoxy)ethoxy)prop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [45], (E,E/Z,Z) - 1-(1-(2- (2-isopropoxyethoxy)ethoxy)prop-1-en-2-yl)-3-(1-propoxyprop- 1-en-2- yl)benzene [38], and (E,E/Z,Z) - 1,3-bis(1-propoxyprop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [32] GC-MS t R : 25.17 min, 26.96 min, 29.48 min (45, Exact mass: 450.3 m/z, found: 450.4 m/z), 19.66 min, 20.12 min, 20.38 min, 20.98 min (38, Exact mass: 362.2 m/z, found: 362.3 m/z), 16.79 min, 17.13 min, 17.45 min (32, Exact mass: 274.2 m/z, found: 274.1 m/z). Example 30: A mixture of (E,E/Z,Z) - 1,3-bis(1-(2-(2- isopropoxyethoxy)ethoxy)prop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [45], (E,E/Z,Z) - 1-(1- butoxyprop-1-en-2-yl)-3-(1-(2-(2-isopropoxyethoxy)ethoxy)pro p-1-en-2- yl)benzene [39], and (E,E/Z,Z) - 1,3-bis(1-butoxyprop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [33] GC-MS t R : 25.16 min, 26.91 min, 29.46 min (45, Exact mass: 450.3 m/z, found: 450.4 m/z), 20.29 min, 21.07 min, 21.19 min, 22.14 min (39, Exact mass: 376.3 m/z, found: 376.3 m/z), 17.67 min, 18.17 min, 18.67 min (33, Exact mass: 302.2 m/z, found: 302.1 m/z). Example 31: A mixture of (E,E/Z,Z) - 1,3-bis(1-(2-(2- isopropoxyethoxy)ethoxy)prop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [45], (E,E/Z,Z) - 1-(1- isobutoxyprop-1-en-2-yl)-3-(1-(2-(2-isopropoxyethoxy)ethoxy) prop-1-en- 2-yl)benzene [40], and (E,E/Z,Z) - 1,3-bis(1-isobutoxyprop-1-en-2- yl)benzene [34] GC-MS t R : 25.18 min, 26.96 min, 29.51 min (45, Exact mass: 450.3 m/z, found: 450.4 m/z), 19.88 min, 20.58 min, 20.70 min, 21.54 min (40, Exact mass: 376.3 m/z, found: 376.3 m/z), 17.16 min, 17.63 min, 18.05 min (34, Exact mass: 302.2 m/z, found: 302.1 m/z). Example 32: A mixture of (E,E/Z,Z) - 1,3-bis(1-(2-(2- butoxyethoxy)ethoxy)prop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [18], (E,E/Z,Z) - 1-(1-(2-(2- butoxyethoxy)ethoxy)prop-1-en-2-yl)-3-(1-propoxyprop-1-en-2- yl)benzene [41], and (E,E/Z,Z) - 1,3-bis(1-propoxyprop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [32] GC-MS t R : 32.75 min, 36.17 min, 41.29 min (18, Exact mass: 478.3 m/z, found: 478.4 m/z), 20.95 min, 21.58 min, 21.95 min, 22.72 min (41, Exact mass: 376.3 m/z, found: 376.3 m/z), 16.82 min, 17.16 min, 17.48 min (32, Exact mass: 274.2 m/z, found: 274.1 m/z). Example 33: A mixture of (E,E/Z,Z) - 1,3-bis(1-(2-(2- butoxyethoxy)ethoxy)prop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [18], (E,E/Z,Z) - 1-(1-(2-(2- butoxyethoxy)ethoxy)prop-1-en-2-yl)-3-(1-butoxyprop-1-en-2-y l)benzene [42], and (E,E/Z,Z) - 1,3-bis(1-butoxyprop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [33]
GC-MS t R : 32.70 min, 36.14 min, 41.21 min (18, Exact mass: 478.3 m/z, found: 478.4 m/z), 21.83 min, 22.77 min, 23.02 min, 24.29 min (42, Exact mass: 390.3 m/z, found: 390.3 m/z), 17.73 min, 18.18 min, 18.69 min (33, Exact mass: 302.2 m/z, found: 302.1 m/z), Example 34: A mixture of (E,E/Z,Z) - 1,3-bis(1-(2-(2- butoxyethoxy)ethoxy)prop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [18], (E,E/Z,Z) - 1-(1-(2-(2- butoxyethoxy)ethoxy)prop-1-en-2-yl)-3-(1-isobutoxyprop-1-en- 2- yl)benzene [43], and (E,E/Z,Z) - 1,3-bis(1-isobutoxyprop-1-en-2- yl)benzene [34] GC-MS t R : 32.67 min, 36.22 min, 41.37 min (18, Exact mass: 478.3 m/z, found: 478.4 m/z), 21.27 min, 22.14 min, 22.36 min, 23.47 min (43, Exact mass: 390.3 m/z, found: 390.3 m/z), 17.18 min, 17.64 min, 18.06 min (34, Exact mass: 302.2 m/z, found: 302.1 m/z). Example 35: A mixture of (E,E/Z,Z) - 1,4-bis(1-((1-methoxypropan-2- yl)oxy)prop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [46], (E,E/Z,Z) - 1-(1-((1-methoxypropan-2- yl)oxy)prop-1-en-2-yl)-4-(1-propoxyprop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [47], and (E,E/Z,Z) - 1,4-bis(1-propoxyprop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [20] GC-MS t R : 19.77 min (46, Exact mass: 334.2 m/z, found: 334.2 m/z),18.28 min, 18.41 min, 18.69 min (47, Exact mass: 304.2 m/z, found: 304.1 m/z), 17.23 min, 17.49 min, 17.64 min (20, Exact mass: 274.2 m/z, found: 274.2 m/z). Example 36: A mixture of (E,E/Z,Z) - 1,4-bis(1-((1-methoxypropan-2- yl)oxy)prop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [46], (E,E/Z,Z) - 1-(1-butoxyprop-1-en-2-yl)- 4-(1-((1-methoxypropan-2-yl)oxy)prop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [48], and (E,E/Z,Z) - 1,4-bis(1-butoxyprop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [21] GC-MS t R : 19.79 min (46, Exact mass: 334.2 m/z, found: 334.2 m/z), 18.88 min, 18.95 min, 19.04 min, 19.50 min (48, Exact mass: 318.2 m/z, found: 318.2 m/z), 18.16 min, 18.70 min, 19.20 min (21, Exact mass: 302.2 m/z, found: 302.2 m/z). Example 37: (E,E/Z,Z) - 1,4-bis(1-((1-methoxypropan-2-yl)oxy)prop-1-en- 2-yl)benzene [46], (E,E/Z,Z) - 1-(1-isobutoxyprop-1-en-2-yl)-4-(1-((1- methoxypropan-2-yl)oxy)prop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [49], and (E,E/Z,Z) - 1,4- bis(1-isobutoxyprop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [22] GC-MS t R : 19.77 min (46, Exact mass: 334.2 m/z, found: 334.2 m/z), 18.15 min, 18.24 min, 18.69 min, 19.40 min (49, Exact mass: 318.2 m/z, found: 318.2 m/z), 17.58 min, 17.64 min (22, Exact mass: 302.2 m/z, found: 302.1 m/z). Example 38: A mixture of (E,E/Z,Z) - 1,3-bis(1-((1-methoxypropan-2- yl)oxy)prop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [50], (E,E/Z,Z) - 1-(1-((1-methoxypropan-2- yl)oxy)prop-1-en-2-yl)-3-(1-propoxyprop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [51], and (E,E/Z,Z) - 1,3-bis(1-propoxyprop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [32]
GC-MS t R : 18.54 min, 19.04 min (50, Exact mass: 334.2 m/z, found: 334.2 m/z), 17.78 min, 17.85 min (51, Exact mass: 304.2 m/z, found: 304.1 m/z), 16.75 min, 17.14 min, 17.46 min (32, Exact mass: 274.2 m/z, found: 274.1 m/z). Example 39: A mixture of (E,E/Z,Z) - 1,3-bis(1-((1-methoxypropan-2- yl)oxy)prop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [50], (E,E/Z,Z) - 1-(1-butoxyprop-1-en-2-yl)- 3-(1-((1-methoxypropan-2-yl)oxy)prop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [52], and (E,E/Z,Z) - 1,3-bis(1-butoxyprop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [33] GC-MS t R : 19.06 min (50, Exact mass: 334.2 m/z, found: 334.2 m/z), 17.86 min, 18.37 min, 18.91 min (52, Exact mass: 318.2 m/z, found: 318.2 m/z), 17.68 min, 18.21 min, 18.73 min (33, Exact mass: 302.2 m/z, found: 302.2 m/z). Example 40: A mixture of (E,E/Z,Z) - 1,3-bis(1-((1-methoxypropan-2- yl)oxy)prop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [50], (E,E/Z,Z) - 1-(1-isobutoxyprop-1-en-2- yl)-3-(1-((1-methoxypropan-2-yl)oxy)prop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [53], and (E,E/Z,Z) - 1,3-bis(1-isobutoxyprop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [34] GC-MS t R : 18.46 min, 19.07 min (50, Exact mass: 334.2 m/z, found: 334.2 m/z), 17.96 min (53, Exact mass: 318.2 m/z, found: 318.2 m/z), 17.14 min, 17.69 min (34, Exact mass: 302.2 m/z, found: 302.1 m/z). Example 41: A mixture of (E,E/Z,Z) - 1,4-bis(1-(3-methoxypropoxy)prop- 1-en-2-yl)benzene [54], (E,E/Z,Z) - 1-(1-(3-methoxypropoxy)prop-1-en-2- yl)-4-(1-propoxyprop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [55], and (E,E/Z,Z) - 1,4-bis(1- propoxyprop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [20] GC-MS t R : 19.71 min, 20.54 min, 21.42 min (54, Exact mass: 334.2 m/z, found: 334.2 m/z), 18.31 min, 18.75 min, 18.90 min, 19.34 min (55, Exact mass: 304.2 m/z, found: 304.1 m/z), 17.19 min, 17.54 min, 17.83 min (20, Exact mass: 274.2 m/z, found: 274.1 m/z). Example 42: A mixture of (E,E/Z,Z) - 1,4-bis(1-(3-methoxypropoxy)prop- 1-en-2-yl)benzene [54], (E,E/Z,Z) - 1-(1-butoxyprop-1-en-2-yl)-4-(1-(3- methoxypropoxy)prop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [56], and (E,E/Z,Z) - 1,4-bis(1- butoxyprop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [21] GC-MS t R : 19.71 min, 20.51 min, 21.41 min (54, Exact mass: 334.2 m/z, found: 334.2 m/z), 18.87 min, 19.50 min, 20.22 min (56, Exact mass: 318.2 m/z, found: 318.2 m/z), 18.14 min, 18.69 min, 19.24 min (21, Exact mass: 302.2 m/z, found: 302.1 m/z). Example 43: (E,E/Z,Z) - 1,4-bis(1-(3-methoxypropoxy)prop-1-en-2- yl)benzene [54], (E,E/Z,Z) - 1-(1-isobutoxyprop-1-en-2-yl)-4-(1-(3- methoxypropoxy)prop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [57], and (E,E/Z,Z) - 1,4-bis(1- isobutoxyprop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [22]
GC-MS t R : 19.74 min, 20.54 min, 21.42 min (54, Exact mass: 334.2 m/z, found: 334.2 m/z), 18.61 min, 19.16 min, 19.76 min (57, Exact mass: 318.2 m/z, found: 318.2 m/z), 17.57 min, 18.06 min, 18.53 min (22, Exact mass: 302.2 m/z, found: 302.1 m/z). Example 44: A mixture of (E,E/Z,Z) - 1,3-bis(1-(3-methoxypropoxy)prop- 1-en-2-yl)benzene [58], 1-(1-(3-methoxypropoxy)prop-1-en-2-yl)-3-(1- propoxyprop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [59], and (E,E/Z,Z) - 1,3-bis(1- propoxyprop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [32] GC-MS t R : 19.05 min, 19.74 min, 20.53 min (58, Exact mass: 334.2 m/z, found: 334.2 m/z), 17.83 min, 18.19 min, 18.36 min, 18.75 min (59, Exact mass: 304.2 m/z, found: 304.1 m/z), 16.73 min, 17.14 min, 17.42 min (32, Exact mass: 274.2 m/z, found: 274.1 m/z). Example 45: A mixture of (E,E/Z,Z) - 1,3-bis(1-(3-methoxypropoxy)prop- 1-en-2-yl)benzene [58], (E,E/Z,Z) - 1-(1-butoxyprop-1-en-2-yl)-3-(1-(3- methoxypropoxy)prop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [60], and (E,E/Z,Z) - 1,3-bis(1- butoxyprop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [33] GC-MS t R : 19.06 min, 19.72 min, 20.53 min (58, Exact mass: 334.2 m/z, found: 334.2 m/z), 18.33 min, 18.86 min, 18.89 min, 19.50 min (60, Exact mass: 318.2 m/z, found: 318.2 m/z), 17.65 min, 18.15 min, 18.68 min (33, Exact mass: 302.2 m/z, found: 302.1 m/z). Example 46: A mixture of (E,E/Z,Z) - 1,3-bis(1-(3-methoxypropoxy)prop- 1-en-2-yl)benzene [58], (E,E/Z,Z) - 1-(1-isobutoxyprop-1-en-2-yl)-3-(1-(3- methoxypropoxy)prop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [61], and (E,E/Z,Z) - 1,3-bis(1- isobutoxyprop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [34] GC-MS t R : 19.06 min, 19.74 min, 20.51 min (58, Exact mass: 334.2 m/z, found: 334.2 m/z), 18.06 min, 18.55 min, 18.58 min, 19.15 min (61, Exact mass: 318.2 m/z, found: 318.2 m/z), 17.11 min, 17.61 min, 18.04 min (34, Exact mass: 302.2 m/z, found: 302.1 m/z). Example 47: A mixture of (E,E/Z,Z) - 1,4-bis(1-(3-methoxybutoxy)prop-1- en-2-yl)benzene [62], (E,E/Z,Z) - 1-(1-(3-methoxybutoxy)prop-1-en-2-yl)-4- (1-propoxyprop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [63], and (E,E/Z,Z) - 1,4-bis(1- propoxyprop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [20] GC-MS t R : 20.25 min, 21.33 min, 22.72 min (62, Exact mass: 362.2 m/z, found: 362.3 m/z), 18.52 min, 18.94 min, 19.27 min, 19.75 min (63, Exact mass: 318.2 m/z, found: 318.2 m/z), 17.16 min, 17.54 min, 17.83 min (20, Exact mass: 274.2 m/z, found: 274.1 m/z). Example 48: A mixture of (E,E/Z,Z) - 1,4-bis(1-(3-methoxybutoxy)prop-1- en-2-yl)benzene [62], (E,E/Z,Z) - 1-(1-butoxyprop-1-en-2-yl)-4-(1-(3- methoxybutoxy)prop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [64], and (E,E/Z,Z) - 1,4-bis(1- butoxyprop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [21]
GC-MS t R : 20.25 min, 21.32 min, 22.71 min (62, Exact mass: 362.2 m/z, found: 362.3 m/z), 19.08 min, 19.74 min, 19.94 min, 20.72 min (64, Exact mass: 332.2 m/z, found: 332.3 m/z),18.12 min, 18.67 min, 19.22 min (21, Exact mass: 302.2 m/z, found: 302.1 m/z). Example 49: (E,E/Z,Z) - 1,4-bis(1-(3-methoxybutoxy)prop-1-en-2- yl)benzene [62], (E,E/Z,Z) - 1-(1-isobutoxyprop-1-en-2-yl)-4-(1-(3- methoxybutoxy)prop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [65], and (E,E/Z,Z) - 1,4-bis(1- isobutoxyprop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [22] GC-MS t R : 20.29 min, 21.33 min, 22.74 min (62, Exact mass: 362.2 m/z, found: 362.3 m/z), 18.75 min, 19.34 min, 19.53 min, 20.22 min (65, Exact mass: 332.2 m/z, found: 332.3 m/z), 17.58 min, 18.06 min, 18.53 min (22, Exact mass: 302.2 m/z, found: 302.1 m/z). Example 50: A mixture of (E,E/Z,Z) - 1,3-bis(1-(3-methoxybutoxy)prop-1- en-2-yl)benzene [66], (E,E/Z,Z) - 1-(1-(3-methoxybutoxy)prop-1-en-2-yl)-3- (1-propoxyprop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [67], and (E,E/Z,Z) - 1,3-bis(1- propoxyprop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [32] GC-MS t R : 19.52 min, 20.39 min, 21.54 min (66, Exact mass: 362.2 m/z, found: 362.3 m/z), 18.03 min, 18.40 min, 18.68 min, 19.09 min (67, Exact mass: 318.2 m/z, found: 318.2 m/z), 16.76 min, 17.09 min, 17.42 min (32, Exact mass: 274.2 m/z, found: 274.1 m/z). Example 51: A mixture of (E,E/Z,Z) - 1,3-bis(1-(3-methoxybutoxy)prop-1- en-2-yl)benzene [66], (E,E/Z,Z) - 1-(1-butoxyprop-1-en-2-yl)-3-(1-(3- methoxybutoxy)prop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [68], and (E,E/Z,Z) - 1,3-bis(1- butoxyprop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [33] GC-MS t R : 19.52 min, 20.39 min, 21.54 min (66, Exact mass: 362.2 m/z, found: 362.3 m/z), 18.52 min, 19.08 min, 19.25 min, 19.89 min (68, Exact mass: 332.2 m/z, found: 332.3 m/z), 17.67 min, 18.15 min, 18.67 min (33, Exact mass: 302.2 m/z, found: 302.1 m/z). Example 52: A mixture of (E,E/Z,Z) - 1,3-bis(1-(3-methoxybutoxy)prop-1- en-2-yl)benzene [66], (E,E/Z,Z) - 1-(1-isobutoxyprop-1-en-2-yl)-3-(1-(3- methoxybutoxy)prop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [69], and (E,E/Z,Z) - 1,3-bis(1- isobutoxyprop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [34] GC-MS t R : 19.54 min, 20.42 min, 21.52 min (66, Exact mass: 362.2 m/z, found: 362.3 m/z), 18.21 min, 18.75 min, 18.93 min, 19.47 min (69, Exact mass: 332.2 m/z, found: 332.2 m/z), 17.11 min, 17.57 min, 18.05 min (34, Exact mass: 302.2 m/z, found: m/z). Example 53: A mixture of (E,E/Z,Z) - 1,4-bis(1-(2-propoxyethoxy)prop-1- en-2-yl)benzene [70], (E,E/Z,Z) - 1-(1-(2-propoxyethoxy)prop-1-en-2-yl)-4- (1-propoxyprop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [71], and (E,E/Z,Z) - 1,4-bis(1- propoxyprop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [20]
GC-MS t R : 20.70 min, 21.59 min, 22.64 min (70, Exact mass: 362.2 m/z, found: 362.3 m/z), 18.71min, 19.13 min, 19.25 min, 19.72 min (71, Exact mass: 318.2 m/z, found: 318.2 m/z), 17.19 min, 17.54 min, 17.83 min (20, Exact mass: 274.2 m/z, found: 274.1 m/z). Example 54: A mixture of (E,E/Z,Z) - 1,4-bis(1-(2-propoxyethoxy)prop-1- en-2-yl)benzene [70], (E,E/Z,Z) - 1-(1-butoxyprop-1-en-2-yl)-4-(1-(2- propoxyethoxy)prop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [72], and (E,E/Z,Z) - 1,4-bis(1- butoxyprop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [21] GC-MS t R : 20.76 min, 21.61 min, 22.64 min (70, Exact mass: 362.2 m/z, found: 362.3 m/z), 19.29 min, 19.94 min, 20.66 min(72, Exact mass: 332.2 m/z, found: 332.3 m/z), 18.11 min, 18.67 min, 19.22 min (21, Exact mass: 302.2 m/z, found: 302.1 m/z). Example 55: (E,E/Z,Z) - 1,4-bis(1-(2-propoxyethoxy)prop-1-en-2- yl)benzene [70], (E,E/Z,Z) - 1-(1-isobutoxyprop-1-en-2-yl)-4-(1-(2- propoxyethoxy)prop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [73], and (E,E/Z,Z) - 1,4-bis(1- isobutoxyprop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [22] GC-MS t R : 20.73 min, 21.58 min, 22.64 min (70, Exact mass: 362.2 m/z, found: 362.3 m/z), 18.91 min, 19.57 min, 20.20 min (73, Exact mass: 332.2 m/z, found: 332.3 m/z), 17.55 min, 18.06 min, 18.53 min (22, Exact mass: 302.2 m/z, found: 302.1 m/z). Example 56: A mixture of (E,E/Z,Z) - 1,3-bis(1-(2-propoxyethoxy)prop-1- en-2-yl)benzene [74], (E,E/Z,Z) - 1-(1-(2-propoxyethoxy)prop-1-en-2-yl)-3- (1-propoxyprop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [75], and (E,E/Z,Z) - 1,3-bis(1- propoxyprop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [32] GC-MS t R : 19.92 min, 20.60 min, 21.51 min (74, Exact mass: 362.2 m/z, found: 362.3 m/z), 18.19 min, 18.56 min, 18.67 min, 19.10 min (75, Exact mass: 318.2 m/z, found: 318.2 m/z), 16.78 min, 17.11 min, 17.42 min (32, Exact mass: 274.2 m/z, found: 274.1 m/z). Example 57: A mixture of (E,E/Z,Z) - 1,3-bis(1-(2-propoxyethoxy)prop-1- en-2-yl)benzene [74], (E,E/Z,Z) -1-(1-butoxyprop-1-en-2-yl)-3-(1-(2- propoxyethoxy)prop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [76], and (E,E/Z,Z) - 1,3-bis(1- butoxyprop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [33] GC-MS t R : 19.95 min, 20.60 min, 21.49 min (74, Exact mass: 362.2 m/z, found: 362.3 m/z), 18.71 min, 19.24 min, 19.88 min(76, Exact mass: 332.2 m/z, found: 332.3 m/z), 17.67 min, 18.15 min, 18.64 min (33, Exact mass: 302.2 m/z, found: 302.1 m/z). Example 58: A mixture of (E,E/Z,Z) - 1,3-bis(1-(2-propoxyethoxy)prop-1- en-2-yl)benzene [74], (E,E/Z,Z) - 1-(1-isobutoxyprop-1-en-2-yl)-3-(1-(2- propoxyethoxy)prop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [77], and (E,E/Z,Z) - 1,3-bis(1- isobutoxyprop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [34] GC-MS t R : 19.91 min, 20.59 min, 21.51 min (74, Exact mass: 362.2 m/z, found: 362.3 m/z), 18.37 min, 18.89 min, 19.52 min(77, Exact mass: 332.2 m/z, found: 33 m/z), 17.14 min, 17.58 min, 18.04 min (34, Exact mass: 302.2 m/z, found: 302.1 m/z). The inventors believe the prophetic examples 59-93 described below are within the spirit and scope of this invention. Example 59: A mixture of (E,E/Z,Z) - 1,4-bis(1-(4-methoxybutoxy)prop-1- en-2-yl)benzene [78], (E,E/Z,Z) - 1-(1-(4-methoxybutoxy)prop-1-en-2-yl)-4- (1-propoxyprop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [79], and (E,E/Z,Z) - 1,4-bis(1- propoxyprop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [20] Example 60: A mixture of (E,E/Z,Z) - 1,4-bis(1-(4-methoxybutoxy)prop-1- en-2-yl)benzene [78], (E,E/Z,Z) - 1-(1-butoxyprop-1-en-2-yl)-4-(1-(4- methoxybutoxy)prop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [80], and (E,E/Z,Z) - 1,4-bis(1- butoxyprop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [21] Example 61: (E,E/Z,Z) - 1,4-bis(1-(4-methoxybutoxy)prop-1-en-2- yl)benzene [78], (E,E/Z,Z) - 1-(1-isobutoxyprop-1-en-2-yl)-4-(1-(4- methoxybutoxy)prop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [81], and (E,E/Z,Z) - 1,4-bis(1- isobutoxyprop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [22]
Example 62: A mixture of (E,E/Z,Z) - 1,3-bis(1-(4-methoxybutoxy)prop-1- en-2-yl)benzene [82], (E,E/Z,Z) - 1-(1-(4-methoxybutoxy)prop-1-en-2-yl)-3- (1-propoxyprop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [83], and (E,E/Z,Z) - 1,3-bis(1- propoxyprop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [32] Example 63: A mixture of (E,E/Z,Z) - 1,3-bis(1-(4-methoxybutoxy)prop-1- en-2-yl)benzene [82], (E,E/Z,Z) -1-(1-butoxyprop-1-en-2-yl)-3-(1-(4- methoxybutoxy)prop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [84], and (E,E/Z,Z) - 1,3-bis(1- butoxyprop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [33] Example 64: A mixture of (E,E/Z,Z) - 1,3-bis(1-(4-methoxybutoxy)prop-1- en-2-yl)benzene [74], (E,E/Z,Z) - 1-(1-isobutoxyprop-1-en-2-yl)-3-(1-(4- methoxybutoxy)prop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [85], and (E,E/Z,Z) - 1,3-bis(1- isobutoxyprop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [34] Example 65: A mixture of (E,E/Z,Z) - 1,4-bis(1-(3-ethoxypropoxy)prop-1- en-2-yl)benzene [86], (E,E/Z,Z) - 1-(1-(3-ethoxypropoxy)prop-1-en-2-yl)-4- (1-propoxyprop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [87], and (E,E/Z,Z) - 1,4-bis(1- propoxyprop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [20] Example 66: A mixture of (E,E/Z,Z) - 1,4-bis(1-(3-ethoxypropoxy)prop-1- en-2-yl)benzene [86], (E,E/Z,Z) - 1-(1-butoxyprop-1-en-2-yl)-4-(1-(3- ethoxypropoxy)prop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [88], and (E,E/Z,Z) - 1,4-bis(1- butoxyprop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [21]
Example 67: (E,E/Z,Z) - 1,4-bis(1-(3-ethoxypropoxy)prop-1-en-2- yl)benzene [86], (E,E/Z,Z) - 1-(1-(3-ethoxypropoxy)prop-1-en-2-yl)-4-(1- isobutoxyprop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [89], and (E,E/Z,Z) - 1,4-bis(1- isobutoxyprop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [22] Example 68: A mixture of (E,E/Z,Z) - 1,3-bis(1-(3-ethoxypropoxy)prop-1- en-2-yl)benzene [90], (E,E/Z,Z) - 1-(1-(3-ethoxypropoxy)prop-1-en-2-yl)-3- (1-propoxyprop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [91], and (E,E/Z,Z) - 1,3-bis(1- propoxyprop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [32] Example 69: A mixture of (E,E/Z,Z) - 1,3-bis(1-(3-ethoxypropoxy)prop-1- en-2-yl)benzene [90], (E,E/Z,Z) -1-(1-butoxyprop-1-en-2-yl)-3-(1-(3- ethoxypropoxy)prop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [92], and (E,E/Z,Z) - 1,3-bis(1- butoxyprop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [33] Example 69: A mixture of (E,E/Z,Z) - 1,3-bis(1-(3-ethoxypropoxy)prop-1- en-2-yl)benzene [90], (E,E/Z,Z) -1-(1-(3-ethoxypropoxy)prop-1-en-2-yl)-3- (1-isobutoxyprop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [93], and (E,E/Z,Z) - 1,3-bis(1- isobutoxyprop-1-en-2-yl)benzene [34] [0048] The examples 3-52 described above were defined as non-VOC by ASTM D6886. This method uses MeP as a standard – if compound t R > MeP t R , compound is defined as non-VOC. Prophetic examples 59-93 are also expected to be non-VOC by ASTM D6886. Conditions - Agilent 1100 LC • Sample Prep: 2-3 mg/mL in DMSO • Column A: Zorbax XDB-C18 x 4.6 mm, 5 µm • Column B: Poroshell EC-C1850 x 4.6 mm, 2.7 µm • Column Temp: 40 °C • Injection Volume: 2 µL • DAD: 190-600 nm collection • Pump Conditions: Initial – 97% water (2.5 mM NH 4 OAc) (Solvent A) and 3% acetonitrile (Solvent B) • Gradient: Table 1 • Mass spectra were acquired with a Micromass LCT mass spectrometer, which was coupled to the LC. Mass spectra were collected using electrospray ionization in both the positive-ion and negative ion modes. Ammonium acetate (50 mM in MeOH) was added post column (0.1 mL/min) to enhance ionization efficiency. ES+/ES- scan range was 60- 3300 amu (25 and 75V). GC-MS Instrument Parameters – Agilent 6890N GC with Agilent 5975B VL MSD [0049] Sample Prep: 100 µL sample diluted to 1 mL with toluene; Column: DB-5 30 m x 0.25 mm x 0.25 µm; Oven Ramp: 0-4.5 mins at 40 °C; Ramp 20C/min to 280C, Hold 53.5 mins; Injector: Temperature – 250 °C; Split Flow – 65 mL/min; Carrier Flow Rate – 1.3 mL/min; Volume – 1.0 µL; MS: Transfer Line – 280 °C; Ion Source Temp – 230 °C; Mass Range – 34 -700 amu. Methyl palmitate t R = 16.6 min using the above method. [0050] To demonstrate utility in a latex formulation, compounds 58, 66 and 74 were compared against Texanol TM and Optifilm Enhancer 400 TM (OE 400) both available commercially from Eastman Chemical Company. Minimum film-forming temperature (MFFT) screening: ASTM D2354-10e [0051] MFFT efficiency testing was based on ASTM D2354. The model instrument used was an MFFT-90 bar which allows samples to be tested from -10°C to 90°C. For waterborne latexes, reaching a temperature of 2°C is the primary goal. To reach that temperature, the MFFT bar was set to range from 0°C to 18°C. This range is important since those Tg values for waterborne latexes somewhat correlate with their coinciding MFFT value. The higher the Tg value, the higher the MFFT value and vice versa. Neat commercial architectural latexes typically fall within this temperature range when testing for MFFT efficiency. Depending on the Tg of the material being tested, the range can be adjusted accordingly to determine the film’s MFFT. [0052] The ultimate goal for the final paint is to form a continuous film at a low temperature (2°C). To achieve this, the MFFT of the neat latex material is first determined. If the neat latex material is above an MFFT of 2°C, the reactive film-hardening additive is added at different phr (% additive based on latex solids) levels to allow the latex to reach 2°C. To reach that temperature, a linear regression of the phr levels is performed. In turn, the appropriate amount of reactive film-hardening additive to add to the final paint formulation can be determined. The results are shown in Table 2 below:
Table 2 [0053] Parts per hundred resin (PHR) of Texanol, OE400, or reactive film- hardening additive required to lower MFFT to 4 °C and 0 °C in Rhoplex SG-30 and Acronal 296 D model coating systems. [0054] The results show that enol ethers of the present invention provide good performance as film hardening additives in latex coating formulations. [0055] The invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments disclosed herein, but it will be understood that variations and modifications can be effected within the spirit and scope of the invention.