The invention further relates to a method of controlling rock drilling upon drilling a downward extending hole by extension rod drilling by a rock drill comprising at its front end a reciprocating shank to which an extension rod is secured and which is impacted by a percussion piston reciprocating in the travel direction of the shank, a lifting sleeve surrounding the shank and com- prising on the side of the percussion piston a lifting surface acting on the shank, at least two lifting pistons arranged to act on the shank and serving to lift the shank by means of pressurized fluid pressure toward the percussion piston so as to move the shank to a desired percussion point in the longitudi- nal direction of the rock drill, a feed force pushing the rock drill forward being arranged to act in the rock drill during drilling.

In some cases the problem in rock drills is that it should be possible to lift the shank to the percussion point at the moment when the drill equip- ment gets jammed. This is typically implemented by arranging what is known as a lifting piston either to the shank or separately around it. The pressurized fluid pressure, set to act on the lifting piston, serves to move the shank toward the percussion piston with respect to the front end of the rock drill. Such solu- tions are known from e. g. US Patents 4,109,734,4,718,500, and 5,002,136. In these solutions the shank is encased in a separate lifting piston, which is a separate annular piece around the shank. The lifting piston moves in a cylin- der chamber arranged to the drill body, and has to be sealed in the chamber on both sides in order for the pressurized fluid fed into the cylinder chamber to push the lifting piston, and consequently, the shank through a support surface in the shank, toward the percussion piston, and consequently, the percussion point. The problem in these solutions is that to seal a piston is cumbersome and similarly the clearances have to be relatively wide in every respect in order for the lifting piston and the shank to be able to settle in a suitable position with respect to each other even when the shank is loaded. This again results in extensive pressurized fluid leakage and, consequently, increases pressurized fluid consumption. Furthermore, to seal this structure reliably is cumbersome,

and sealing damages occur easily, causing extra operational and maintenance costs.

US Patent 4,582,145 again discloses a solution in which a separate lifting piston surface, moving in a cylinder in the drill body, is arranged to the shank. In this embodiment the shank can be lifted by feeding pressurized fluid into the cylinder chamber so as to make the pressure act on the piston surface of the shank and thus move the shank towards its percussion point. The lifting piston has to be sealed carefully even in this structure and manufacturing the shank causes extra costs. Similarly, the front end of the shank has to be mounted on bearings and sealed in such a manner that when the shank exerts a forward impact, the pressurized fluid being discharged from the cylinder chamber does not break the seals at the front end. This increases the re- quirements set on the entire structure, and naturally results in increased manufacturing costs.

Another problem in all these solutions is that the lifting force of the shank can only be adjusted or controlled by adjusting the pressurized fluid pressure, and as a result the force of the lifting piston may cause an unneces- sarily high resistance to the impact movement generated by the percussion piston. This again causes waste of capacity and unnecessary heating of the pressurized fluid, resulting in lower total drilling capacity.

It is the object of the present invention to provide an arrangement for implementing the lifting of the shank to impact position simply and easily and for selecting the lifting force, which acts on the shank, suitably according to the circumstances. It is a further object of the invention to provide an ar- rangement that is easy and simple to manufacture and that operates reliably and safely.

It is still a further object of the present invention to provide a method of controlling rock drilling easily and simply when drilling a downward extend- ing hole particularly by extension rod drilling so as to be able to maintain given drilling adjustment parameters substantially the same irrespective of the num- ber of extension rods or the weight of the drill rod, and with which the drilling capacity can be adjusted in various ways as need be, according to the circum- stances.

The arrangement of the invention is characterized in that the lifting means comprise around the shank a lifting sleeve comprising on the side of the percussion piston a lifting surface acting on the shank, around the shank a

plurality of cylindrical lifting pistons acting on the lifting sleeve at one end and comprising a cylinder chamber for pressurized fluid at the opposite end.

The method of the invention is further characterized in that upon downward drilling, the magnitude of the feed force is reduced as the number of extension rods increases proportionately to their weight, and that as the feed force reaches a preset threshold value Fmin, such a pressurized fluid pressure is set to act in at least some lifting pistons that will maintain the force acting between the rock drill and the shank and moving the rock drill body towards the shank to a desired percussion point substantially at said value.

It is an essential idea of the arrangement of the invention that the shank is lifted by using a separate lifting sleeve which itself does not operate as a piston but instead only transmits the lifting force to the shank. It is a fur- ther essential idea of the invention that for generating the lifting force, at least two cylindrical pistons that are placed around the shank substantially symmet- rically and that are disposed each in a dedicated cylinder chamber, possibly suitably sealed. It is characteristic of a preferred embodiment of the invention that it comprises at least two groups of pistons with different travel lengths and by means of which the shank can be lifted, depending on the circumstances, a different length towards the percussion point.

It is an essential idea of the method of the invention that when the feed force acting on the rock drill is being reduced as the weight of the exten- sion rods increases, a sufficient power transmission can be ensured by feed- ing behind the lifting pistons, when required, a pressure which will maintain the force moving the rock drill and the shank toward each other at the level of a preset force, resulting in the shank being at the desired percussion point while a sufficient impact energy transmission is also achieved from the percussion piston via the shank to the extension rod. This way other drilling parameters can be kept in a desired manner substantially the same irrespective of how many extension rods or what kind of a drill rod is secured to the rock drill.

It is an advantage of the invention that the lifting sleeve does not actually need any seal, making its manufacture and mounting easy. It is a fur- ther advantage of the invention that the manufacture of small piston cylinders for the drill body or a piece to be secured to the body, and similarly the manu- facture of small cylindrical pistons, is easy and simple compared with known solutions. It is still a further advantage of the invention that to control the lifting is easy and simple to implement for different lifting travel lengths. It is still an

advantage of the invention that it is easy to add the structure of the invention to existing machines by minimal change of parts. It is a further advantage of the invention that the clearances of the pistons having small diameters are also small, and consequently leakage is minimal, the pistons not necessarily having to be sealed because the leaked oil can be used for lubrication. Stiil a further advantage is that since the normal structure of the rock drill does not increase in length since the pistons, the shank bearing and a possible flushing device can be incorporated into the same structure even at substantially the same axial point. A further advantage is that when the pistons comprise a seal, the small clearance of the piston throttles the pressure pulse produced by an impact in the seal minimizing the risk of damage to the seal. It is an ad- vantage of the method of the invention that the drilling is easy to adjust since the values of the adjustment parameters needed for adjusting the actual drill- ing do not have to be changed as the weight of the drill rod or extension rod changes, but the change in weight can be compensated for by means of the feed force and the pressurized fluid pressure acting behind the lifting pistons.

A further advantage is that the magnitude of the percussion force acting via the drill bit on the rock to be drilled can be adjusted by adjusting the value of the pressure behind the lifting pistons in such a manner that the shank re- mains a distance towards the front end of the rock drill from its optimal percus- sion point, the percussion piston impacting partly on its damping cushion and part of the percussion force being damped at the same time as only the re- maining part is able to move via the shank to the drill rod and thus to the drill bit.

The invention will be described in greater detail in the accompany- ing drawings, in which Figure 1 schematically shows an embodiment of the invention, Figure 2 schematically shows a section of the part marked A-A in Figure 1, Figure 3 schematically shows another embodiment of the invention, Figure 4 schematically shows a third embodiment of the invention, and Figure 5 schematically shows the application of the method of the invention.

Figure 1 schematically shows a partial section of the front end of a rock drill. A percussion piston 2 is reciprocated within a rock drill body 1 by a

striking mechanism, known per se and obvious to those skilled in the art. In front of the percussion piston 2 is arranged a shank 3, to one end of which a drill rod, not shown, is secured in a manner known per se, and whose end facing the percussion piston is normally impacted by the percussion piston during drilling. The body of the rock drill comprises at its front end around the shank 3 a front piece 4 which can be removed from the body 1 to change the shank. The front piece 4 comprises a shank bearing 5 rested on which the shank 3 moves in the axial direction and rotates as a result of rotation. For rotation the shank comprises splines 3a via which the shank is rotated by a separate rotating motor in a manner known per se and not shown. In the case shown in the Figure, the shank is surrounded by a rotation sleeve 6, with re- spect to which the shank can move mainly in its longitudinal direction because of the splines which correspond to its splines. The rotation sleeve 6 in turn is rotated by a rotating motor acting on splines 6a on its periphery, the rotation sleeve 6 and the shank 3 rotating together at the same speed.

The front of the splines 3a of the shank 3 comprises a lifting sleeve 7 having a lifting surface 7a which has a conical surface on the side of the splines 3a and is parallel to the surfaces of the ends of the splines 3a with bevelled ends. This way the lifting sleeve 7 rests steadily against the ends of the splines 3a. Lifting pistons 8a and 8b, disposed in cylinder chambers 9a and 9b arranged in the front piece 4, are arranged from the lifting sleeve 7 to the front end of the rock drill, i. e. to the left in the Figure. A common lifting pressure passage 10 leads behind the lifting pistons 8a and 8b. The pressur- ized fluid fed into the lifting pressure passage acts behind the pistons 8a and 8b and moves them towards the rear end of the rock drill, i. e. to the right in the Figure. This way the lifting piston 8a and 8b serves to push the lifting sleeve 7 and thereby the shank 3 towards the rear part of the rock drill, i. e. towards the percussion piston 2.

As Figure 1 shows, the percussion pistons 8a and 8b have different travel lengths, the percussion piston 8a being capable of moving in the longi- tudinal direction of the rock drill a longer way towards the shank 3 before it hits a collar 11 a that stops the movement. Similarly, the lifting piston 8b is able to move a shorter way towards the shank 3 before hitting a collar 11b. Owing to this structure, the shank always moves by means of the common force of the pistons 8a and 8b towards the shank 3, but the shank moves to its actual op- timal percussion point solely by the action of the common force of the pistons

8a. The shank bearing 5 can be iubricated e. g. in the way shown in the Figure, i. e. there are no separate seals between the lifting pistons 8a and 8b and the cylinder chambers 9a and 9b, since the clearance between them is small. Ac- cordingly, the pressurized fluid acting behind the lifting pistons 8a and 8b is allowed to flow to some degree through the clearance to the side of the lifting sleeve 7 into a space 12 therein. Air is led to the space 12 via an air passage 13, and the air flow, when leaving, takes with it the oil that has entered the space 12 and leads it between the shank 3 and the shank bearing 5. The air and the oil it has conveyed are removed from the front of the bearing 5 at the front end of the rock drill via a discharge passage 14. Furthermore, is the splines of the shank is to be lubricated, it can be carried out by means of a second discharge passage 14', shown in the Figure, whereby the air, as it flows, flows past the splines 3a and lubricates them and exits via the passage 14'. The lifting pistons 8a and 8b can also made different whereby they have a different damping effect on shank movement. The travel length of the lifting piston 8a causes it to receive the impact movement of the shank earlier, damping it if needed. On the other hand, the end of the percussion pistons 8b facing the cylinder chamber 9b can comprise a throttle peg 15 which at a small clearance can extend into a pressurized fluid passage 16b at the rear end of the cylinder chamber 9b. In this case, as the throttle peg 15 extends into the passage, the clearance between them acts as a throttle and slows down the discharge of the pressurized fluid from the cylinder chamber 9b to the pres- surized fluid passage, and consequently acts as an efficient damper as the shank hits up to the front end of its travel length. Similarly, the pressurized fluid passage 16a of the lifting piston 8a can have a smaller diameter as no throttle peg has to be arranged thereto. The above described throttle peg can of course be similarly arranged to the rear end of the lifting piston 8a. The cross section of the throttle peg can also change in such a way that its di- ameter decreases away from the lifting piston, the throttle effect increasing as the throttle peg 15 penetrates the passage deeper.

Figure 2 schematically shows a section the structure of the em- bodiment of Figure 1 at line A-A. This shows how the lifting pistons 8a and 8b are located around the shank 3 most preferably on the periphery of a circle that is coaxial with the shank in such a way that they alternate with each other, producing the most preferable symmetrical lifting force to the lifting sleeve 7.

Figure 3 shows similarly a section of the front end of a rock drill, and

therein a second embodiment of the invention. In Figure 3, the same numerals have been used to indicate the corresponding parts in Figures 1 and 2 and these parts will not be described separately unless separately required by the understanding of the invention at some point.

The embodiment of Figure 3 has a rock drill structure comprising at the front end of the rock drill a flushing chamber for feeding flushing agent in- side the shank and via it through the drill rod to the drill hole. In this embodi- ment the body comprises between the front piece 4 and the body 1 a separate spacer 17 into which the flushing chamber structure is arranged. The shank 3 has inside it a flushing passage 3b which communicates with the outer surface of the shank 3 by a transverse passage 3c arranged through it. On both sides of the transverse passage 3c in the longitudinal direction of the shank the shank 3 is surrounded by seals 18a and 18b for sealing the shank on both sides of the transverse passage 3c. Around the transverse passage 3c there is a distribution chamber 19 surrounding the shank 3 and forming a space along which the flushing agent is allowed to flow to the transverse passage 3c and further forward. The distribution chamber 19 again is connected by a flushing agent passage 20 to the outer surface of the spacer 17 and from there onward in a manner known per se by a hose or the like, not shown, to feeding devices for flushing agent, known per se and not shown.

In this embodiment of the invention the power effect of the lifting pistons 8a and 8b is led to the lifting sleeve 7 by separate lifting pegs 21. The lifting pegs 21 in turn are arranged to move by means of a separate control sleeve 22, holes corresponding to the lifting pegs 21 being arranged to the control sleeve 22. Similarly, recesses have been arranged to the control sleeve 22 for the lifting pistons 8a so that the lifting pistons 8a are able to ex- tend deeper than the surface of the control sleeve 22 facing the front end of the rock drill to achieve the desired travel length of a different length. In this embodiment, between the lifting pistons 8a and 8b and the cylinder chambers 9a and 9b are also arranged seals 23 for sealing the lifting pistons with respect to the cylinder chambers. To protect the seals 23, discharge grooves 24 into which the pressurized fluid flows from the cylinder chambers 9a and 9b, are arranged between the lifting pistons 8a and 8b towards the front end of the rock drill from the seals. The discharge grooves 24 are connected by separate passages to a return hose leading to a pressurized fluid container, so that a substantially zero force is acting on the grooves. Thus the seals 23 will not be

subjected to substantially significant pressure impacts, even when the percus- sion piston 2 strikes the shank 3 to the front end of the shank 3. Lubrication between the shank 3 and its bearing 5 takes place by feeding via the air pas- sage 13 to the front of the lifting pistons 8a and 8b air containing oil mist, the oil mist flowing from the clearances between the lifting pegs 21 and the control sleeve 22 to the side of the lifting sleeve and from there further between the shank 3 and its bearing 5 and further via the discharge passage 14 to oil sepa- ration.

In this embodiment pressures, which can be of mutually different sizes, are arranged to act independently via separate passages 10'and 10" behind the lifting pistons 8a and 8b, respectively, in such a way that the lifting force generated by the group formed by the lifting pistons 8a is different from the common lifting force generated by the lifting pistons 8a and 8b.

Figure 4 in turn shows a section of the front end of a rock drill with a third embodiment of the invention. In Figure 4, the same numerals have been used to indicate the corresponding parts in Figures 1 to 3 and these parts will not be described separately unless required by the understanding of the in- vention. In this embodiment a flushing chamber is arranged to the front piece inside the lifting piston structure. This increases the diameter of the structure, but makes it longitudinally shorter. The operation and structure of the lifting pistons, and the flushing and lubrication operate similarly as in Figure 3, ex- cept that the lubrication of the shank 3 and its bearing 5 is implemented by using a separate lubrication passage 25, which leads air with oil mist from the side of the lifting sleeve past the flushing chamber to its front side through the shank and its bearing 5. Figure 4 also shows how the different functions can be implemented by using sleeve-like auxiliary components mounted inside the front piece 4, whereby the cylinder chambers 9a and 9b are arranged to a separate cylinder sleeve 4a, sealed where required by seals 26 with respect to the front piece 4. As is shown in Figure 3, the flushing chamber is similarly formed of a separate flushing sleeve 27, which is similarly sealed with respect to the front piece 4 by seals, where required. In order to provide lubrication, the control sleeve 22, disposed in a groove formed by the front piece 4, the cylinder sleeve 4a and the flushing sleeve 27, is sealed at its inner and outer peripheries by a seal 29 to make the oil flow along a given path. The front end of the shank 3 also comprises a seal 30, which is also visible in Figure 3 and serves to prevent the oil from flowing from between the shank 3 and the front

piece 4 out of the rock drill. The Figure and the previous Figure 3 show how the cylinder chambers 9a and 9b of the pistons 8a and 8b can be provided with damping cushions with respect to the passages 10'and 10"towards the front end of the rock drill. In these cases the damping is based on the lifting pistons 8a and 8b, when entering their cylinder chambers after passing the passages 10'and 10", hitting a liquid cushion which is allowed to be dis- charged only via the clearances of the pistons 8a and 8b and the cylinder chambers 9a and 9b thus causing an intense damping without the pistons im- pacting mechanically on the bottom of the cylinder.

When drilling with a rock drill according to the invention, the drilling can be adjusted when drilling downward by feeding behind the lifting pistons 8a and 8b pressurized fluid at such pressure that it generates a force moving the shank and thus the drill rod or extension rod secured thereto towards the percussion piston. This allows the weight increase of the extension rod to be compensated for by increasing the level of the pressure acting behind the lift- ing pistons 8a and 8b in a corresponding ratio when adding new extension rods. When the intention is to adjust the percussion force transmitted via the drill bit to the rock to be drille, the pressurized fluid pressure behind the lifting pistons 8a and 8b is adjusted in such a way that the shank remains from its optimal percussion point a distance towards the front end of the rock drill, i. e. in this embodiment a distance determined by the percussion pistons 8b which have a shorter travel length. This way the percussion piston 2 imparts an im- pact on a damping cushion located at its front end and marked with the letter V in Figure 1 and commonly known, resulting in part of the percussion force pro- vided by the percussion piston to disappear to the resistance provided by the damping cushion, and thus only a part of the percussion force exerted by the impact of the percussion piston 2 on the shank is transmitted via the drill rod or the extension rod to the drill bit and thus to the rock to be drille. Depending on the circumstances, the volume of this extra pressure can be adjusted as desired for transmitting percussion forces of different sizes via the drill bit to the rock.

Figure 5 schematically shows how the pressurized fluid pressure acting behind the lifting pistons 8a can be adjusted in downward extension rod drilling in order to achieve the desired rock contact force and power transmis- sion. The Figure shows a stepped line M, representing the force produced by the mass of successively arranged extension rods and which the drill bit uses

to depress the rock to be drilled. Line F in turn represents the sum of the weight of the extension rod and the feed force set to act on the rock drill, the feed force being the distance between the stepped line M and line F. In the Figure at point K, when the value of the feed force approaches force Fi, needed to move the body of the rock drill to a new percussion point and also including the force caused by the forward acceleration of the percussion pis- ton, such a pressurized fluid pressure is set to act behind the lifting pistons 8 that will generate a force which moves the shank to its percussion point and is depicted by the stepped curve AF above line F. This will cause a force Fmin, which is higher then Fi and which sets the shank and the rock drill to a mutu- ally optimal impact position, to act between the shank and the rock drill. The aim is to keep the difference between the forces Fmin and Fi constant, the shank thus being at the impact moment in a desired manner at a suitable per- cussion point and the desired energy transmission being implemented. In certain instances, in abnormal circumstances, such as when the drill is jammed, for example, only part of the percussion force might be intended to be used, whereby such a force is naturally set to act on the shank that will make the shank to settle at e. g. a point determined by the pistons 8b and only part of the percussion force is allowed to be transmitted.

The above description and drawings illustrate the invention only by way of example and in no way restrict it to these examples. The travel length of the lifting pistons may be equal for all lifting pistons, or the lifting pistons may be of several different travel lengths. Besides between the lifting pistons and the shank or from the lifting pistons towards the rear end of the rock drill, the flushing chamber structure may also be located at the front end of the rock drill in such a way that the lifting pistons are located from the flushing chamber towards the percussion piston. When using different structures, it is naturally evident that suitable seals are used correspondingly in a manner known per se at required points so as to make water, air, oil to pass along the desired pas- sage or path. Other different lubrication arrangements and solutions are also fully possible in a manner known per se.

The arrangement presented in the description and the drawings can also be utilized in a special situation independent of the drilling direction, i. e. in pulling loose by striking a jammed drill rod or drill pipe, in other words the drill- ing equipment. In this situation the force required for the extraction is trans- mitted via the described arrangement to the shank and further to the drill

equipment. The striking of the percussion piston to the shank during the ex- traction contributes to the removal of the equipment. Using full percussion force may, however, damage the equipment, but by using the arrangement for the adjustment of the percussion force in the manner described above, said disadvantage can be avoided.