BACKER SCOTT (US)
YIN LIGENG (US)
MERCANDO PAUL (US)
PARTAIN III EMMETT (US)
KOENIG JENNIFER (US)
UNION CARBIDE CORP (US)
WO2020005434A1 | 2020-01-02 | |||
WO2021262534A1 | 2021-12-30 |
US20180237816A1 | 2018-08-23 | |||
US20190322963A1 | 2019-10-24 |
J. P. SIBILIA: "A Guide to Materials Characterization and Chemical Analysis", VCH, 1988, pages 81 - 84
Attorney Docket No. 84925-WO-PCT We claim: 1. An automatic dishwashing composition, comprising: a builder; a nonionic surfactant; and a carboxymethyl dextran polymer; wherein the carboxymethyl dextran polymer comprises a dextran base polymer that has been functionalized with carboxymethyl groups; wherein the dextran base polymer, before functionalization with carboxymethyl groups, has a weight average molecular weight of 10,000 to 3,000,000 Daltons; and wherein the degree of substitution, DS, of carboxymethyl groups on the carboxymethyl dextran polymer is 0.51 to 1. 2. The automatic dishwashing composition of claim 1, wherein the dextran base polymer, before functionalization with carboxymethyl groups, has a weight average molecular weight of 125,000 to 750,000 Daltons. 3. The automatic dishwashing composition of claim 2, further comprising a phosphonate. 4. The automatic dishwashing composition of claim 3, wherein the builder includes a mixture of at least one carbonate and at least one citrate. 5. The automatic dishwashing composition of claim 4, wherein the automatic dishwashing composition contains less than 0.1 wt%, based on the dry weight of the automatic dishwashing composition, of phosphate, measured as elemental phosphorus. 6. The automatic dishwashing composition of claim 5, wherein the dextran base polymer, before functionalization with carboxymethyl groups, has a weight average molecular weight of 150,000 to 500,000 Daltons. 7. The automatic dishwashing composition of claim 6, wherein the automatic dishwashing composition contains 0 wt%, based on the dry weight of the automatic dishwashing composition, of builders selected from the group consisting of nitrilotriacetic acid; ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid; glycine-N,N-diacetic acid; methyl glycine-N,N-diacetic acid; 2-hydroxyethyliminodiacetic acid; glutamic acid-N,N-diacetic acid; 3-hydroxy-2,2’-iminodissuccinate; S,S-ethylenediaminedisuccinate aspartic acid-diacetic acid; N,N’-ethylene diamine disuccinic acid; iminodisuccinic acid; aspartic acid; aspartic acid-N,N-diacetic acid; beta-alaninediacetic acid; polyaspartic acid; salts thereof and mixtures thereof. Attorney Docket No. 84925-WO-PCT 8. The automatic dishwashing composition of claim 7, further comprising an additive selected from the group consisting of a bleaching agent, a bleach activator, an enzyme, a filler, and mixtures thereof. 9. The automatic dishwashing composition of claim 3, comprising: 50 to 85 wt%, based on dry weight of the automatic dishwashing composition, of the builder, wherein the builder is selected from the group consisting of carbonates, bicarbonates, citrates, silicates and mixtures thereof; 0.75 to 7 wt%, based on dry weight of the automatic dishwashing composition, of the phosphonate; 1.5 to 7.5 wt%, based on dry weight of the automatic dishwashing composition, of the nonionic surfactant; and 2 to 6 wt%, based on dry weight of the automatic dishwashing composition, of the carboxymethyl dextran polymer. 10. A method of cleaning an article in an automatic dishwashing machine, comprising: providing at least one article; providing an automatic dishwashing composition according to claim 1; and, applying the automatic dishwashing composition to the at least one article. |
Attorney Docket No. 84925-WO-PCT (I) average units. [0024] Preferably, the dextran base polymer contains less than 0.01 wt%, based on weight of the dextran base polymer, of alternan. More preferably, the dextran base polymer contains less than 0.001 wt%, based on weight of the dextran base polymer, of alternan. Most preferably, the dextran base polymer contains less than the detectable limit of alternan. [0025] Preferably, < 0.1 mol% (preferably, < 0.01 mol%; more preferably, < 0.001 mol%; most preferably, < detectable limit) , of the glucose structural units in the dextran base polymer are connected by β-1,4 linkages. [0026] Preferably, < 0.1 mol% (preferably, < 0.01 mol%; more preferably, < 0.001 mol%; most preferably, < detectable limit) , of the glucose structural units in the dextran base polymer are connected by β-1,3 linkages. [0027] Preferably, the carboxymethyl dextran polymer has a degree of substitution, DS, of carboxymethyl groups of 0.51 to 1 (preferably, 0.54 to 0.75; more preferably, 0.55 to 0.725; most preferably, 0.56 to 0.7) as measured by nonaqueous titration analogous to the technique described in ASTM D1439 for determining the degree of substitution of carboxymethyl groups on carboxymethyl cellulose polymers. [0028] Preferably, the carboxymethyl dextran polymer is biodegradable as determined following procedure OECD 302B. More preferably, the carboxymethyl dextran polymer has inherent, ultimate biodegradability as determined following the procedure OECD 302B. [0029] Methods of making the carboxymethyl dextran polymer used in the automatic dishwashing composition of the present invention are known. Attorney Docket No. 84925-WO-PCT [0030] Preferably, the automatic dishwashing composition of the present invention further comprises 0.1 to 15 wt% (more preferably, 0.5 to 10 wt%; still more preferably, 0.75 to 7 wt%; most preferably, 0.9 to 5 wt%), based on the dry weight of the automatic dishwashing composition, of a phosphonate. More preferably, the automatic dishwashing composition of the present invention comprises 0.1 to 15 wt% (more preferably, 0.5 to 10 wt%; still more preferably, 0.75 to 7 wt%; most preferably, 0.9 to 5 wt%), based on the dry weight of the automatic dishwashing composition, of a phosphonate; wherein the phosphonate is a low molecular weight having a weight average molecular weight of ≤ 1,000 Daltons. Still more preferably, the automatic dishwashing composition of the present invention comprises 0.1 to 15 wt% (more preferably, 0.5 to 10 wt%; still more preferably, 0.75 to 7 wt%; most preferably, 0.9 to 5 wt%), based on the dry weight of the automatic dishwashing composition, of a phosphonate; wherein the phosphonate comprises at least one of 1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid (HEDP) and a salt of 1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid. Most preferably, the automatic dishwashing composition of the present invention comprises 0.1 to 15 wt% (more preferably, 0.5 to 10 wt%; still more preferably, 0.75 to 7 wt%; most preferably, 0.9 to 5 wt%), based on the dry weight of the automatic dishwashing composition, of a phosphonate; wherein the phosphonate is selected from the group consisting of 1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid (HEDP) and salts thereof. [0031] The automatic dishwashing composition of the present invention, optionally further comprises an additive. Preferably, the automatic dishwashing composition of the present invention, further comprises an additive selected from the group consisting of an alkaline source; a bleaching agent (e.g., sodium percarbonate, sodium perborate); a bleach activator (e.g., tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED)); a bleach catalyst (e.g., manganese(II) acetate, cobalt(II) chloride, bis(TACN)magnesium trioxide diacetate); an enzyme (e.g., protease, amylase, lipase, or cellulase); a foam suppressant; a coloring agent; a fragrance; an additional builder; an antibacterial agent; a filler; a deposit control polymer and mixtures thereof. More preferably, the automatic dishwashing composition of the present invention, further comprises an additive, wherein the additive is selected from the group consisting of a bleaching agent, a bleach activator, an enzyme, a filler and mixtures thereof. Still more preferably, the automatic dishwashing composition of the present invention, further comprises an additive, wherein the additive includes a bleaching agent (e.g., sodium percarbonate, sodium perborate); a bleach activator (e.g., tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED)) and an enzyme (e.g., protease, amylase, lipase, or cellulase). Most preferably, the Attorney Docket No. 84925-WO-PCT automatic dishwashing composition of the present invention, further comprises an additive, wherein the additive includes a bleaching agent, wherein the bleaching agent includes sodium percarbonate; a bleach activator, wherein the bleach activator includes tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED); and an enzyme, wherein the enzyme includes a protease and an amylase. [0032] Fillers included in tablets or powders are inert, water-soluble substances, typically sodium or potassium salts (e.g., sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate, sodium chloride, potassium cloride). In tablets and powders, fillers are typically present in amounts ranging from 0 wt% to 75 wt%. Fillers included in gel formulations typically include those mentioned for use in tablets and powders and also water. Fragrances, dyes, foam suppressants, enzymes and antibacterial agents usually total no more than 10 wt%, alternatively no more than 5 wt%, of the automatic dishwashing composition. [0033] The automatic dishwashing composition of the present invention, optionally further comprises: an alkaline source. Suitable alkaline sources include, without limitation, alkali metal carbonates and alkali metal hydroxides, such as sodium or potassium carbonate, bicarbonate, sesquicarbonate, sodium, lithium, or potassium hydroxide, or mixtures of the foregoing. Sodium hydroxide is preferred. The amount of alkaline source in the automatic dishwashing composition of the present invention (if any) is at least 1 wt% (preferably, at least 20 wt%) and up to 80 wt% (preferably, up to 60 wt%), based on the dry weight of the automatic dishwashing composition. [0034] The automatic dishwashing composition of the present invention, optionally further comprises: a bleaching agent (e.g., sodium percarbonate). The amount of the bleaching agent in the automatic dishwashing composition of the present invention (if any) is preferably at a concentration of 1 to 25 wt% (more preferably, 5 to 20 wt%), based on the dry weight of the automatic dishwashing composition. [0035] The automatic dishwashing composition of the present invention, optionally further comprises: a bleach activator (e.g., tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED)). The amount of the bleach activator in the automatic dishwashing composition of the present invention (if any) is preferably at a concentration of 1 to 10 wt% (more preferably, 2.5 to 7.5 wt%), based on the dry weight of the automatic dishwashing composition. [0036] Preferably, the automatic dishwashing composition of the present invention comprises ≤ 1 wt% (preferably, ≤ 0.5 wt%; more preferably, ≤ 0.2 wt%; still more preferably, ≤ 0.1 wt%; yet still more preferably, ≤ 0.01 wt%; most preferably, < the detectable limit), based on the dry weight of the automatic dishwashing composition, of phosphate (measured as Attorney Docket No. 84925-WO-PCT elemental phosphorus). Preferably, the automatic dishwashing composition of the present invention is phosphate free. [0037] Preferably, the automatic dishwashing composition of the present invention comprises ≤ 1 wt% (preferably, ≤ 0.5 wt%; more preferably, ≤ 0.2 wt%; still more preferably, ≤ 0.1 wt%; yet still more preferably, ≤ 0.01 wt%; most preferably, < the detectable limit), based on the dry weight of the automatic dishwashing composition, of builders selected from the group consisting of nitrilotriacetic acid; ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid; glycine-N,N-diacetic acid; methyl glycine-N,N-diacetic acid; 2-hydroxyethyliminodiacetic acid; glutamic acid-N,N-diacetic acid; 3-hydroxy-2,2’-iminodissuccinate; S,S-ethylenediaminedisuccinate aspartic acid-diacetic acid; N,N’-ethylene diamine disuccinic acid; iminodisuccinic acid; aspartic acid; aspartic acid-N,N-diacetic acid; beta-alaninediacetic acid; polyaspartic acid; salts thereof and mixtures thereof. Most preferably, the automatic dishwashing composition of the present invention contains 0 wt% of builders selected from the group consisting of nitrilotriacetic acid; ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid; glycine-N,N-diacetic acid; methyl glycine-N,N-diacetic acid; 2-hydroxyethyliminodiacetic acid; glutamic acid-N,N-diacetic acid; 3-hydroxy-2,2’-iminodissuccinate; S,S-ethylenediaminedisuccinate aspartic acid-diacetic acid; N,N’-ethylene diamine disuccinic acid; iminodisuccinic acid; aspartic acid; aspartic acid-N,N-diacetic acid; beta-alaninediacetic acid; polyaspartic acid; salts thereof and mixtures thereof. [0038] Preferably, the automatic dishwashing composition of the present invention has a pH (at 1 wt% in water) of at least 7 (preferably, ≥ 9; more preferably, ≥ 9.5). Preferably, the automatic dishwashing composition of the present invention has a pH (at 1 wt% in water) of no greater than 13. [0039] Preferably, the automatic dishwashing composition of the present invention can be formulated in any typical form, e.g., as a tablet, powder, block, monodose, sachet, paste, liquid or gel. The automatic dishwashing compositions of the present invention are useful for cleaning ware, such as eating and cooking utensils, dishes, in an automatic dishwashing machine. [0040] Preferably, the automatic dishwashing composition of the present invention are suitable for use under typical operating conditions. For example, when used in an automatic dishwashing machine, typical water temperatures during the washing process preferably are from 20 ºC to 85 ºC, preferably 30 ºC to 70 ºC. Typical concentrations for the automatic dishwashing composition as a percentage of total liquid in the dishwasher preferably are from Attorney Docket No. 84925-WO-PCT 0.1 to 1 wt%, preferably from 0.2 to 0.7 wt%. With selection of an appropriate product form and addition time, the automatic dishwashing compositions of the present invention may be present in the prewash, main wash, penultimate rinse, final rinse, or any combination of these cycles. [0041] Preferably, the method of cleaning an article in an automatic dishwashing machine of the present invention, comprises: providing at least one article (e.g., cookware, bakeware, tableware, dishware, flatware and/or glassware; preferably, wherein the at least one article includes glassware); providing an automatic dishwashing composition of the present invention; and applying the automatic dishwashing composition to the at least one article (preferably, in an automatic dishwasher). [0042] Preferably, the method of cleaning an article in an automatic dishwashing machine of the present invention, comprises: (i) providing at least one article (e.g., cookware, bakeware, tableware, dishware, flatware and/or glassware; preferably, wherein the at least one article includes glassware); (ii) providing an automatic dishwashing composition of the present invention, wherein the automatic dishwashing composition provided, comprises: 50 to 85 wt% of a builder, wherein the builder is selected from the group consisting of carbonates, bicarbonates, citrates, silicates and mixtures thereof and wherein the builder includes a mixture of at least one carbonate and at least one citrate; 0.75 to 7 wt% of a phosphonate; 1.5 to 7.5 wt% of a nonionic surfactant; and 2 to 6 wt% of a carboxymethyl dextran polymer; wherein the carboxymethyl dextran polymer comprises a dextran base polymer that has been functionalized with carboxymethyl groups; wherein the dextran base polymer, before functionalization with carboxymethyl groups, has a weight average molecular weight of 10,000 to 3,000,000 Daltons; and wherein the degree of substitution, DS, of carboxymethyl groups on the carboxymethyl dextran polymer is 0.51 to 1 (preferably, 0.54 to 0.75; more preferably, 0.55 to 0.725; most preferably, 0.56 to 0.7) as measured by nonaqueous titration analogous to the technique described in ASTM D1439 for determining the degree of substitution of carboxymethyl groups on carboxymethyl cellulose polymers (preferably, wherein the carboxymethyl dextran polymer has inherent, ultimate biodegradability as determined following the procedure OECD 302B). [0043] Some embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail in the following Examples. [0044] The volatile and ash content of the carboxymethyl dextran polymers prepared herein were measured following ASTM D2364-15. While ASTM D2364-15 is written for Attorney Docket No. 84925-WO-PCT hydroxyethyl cellulose, the same principles apply for carboxymethyl dextran polymer. The ash content is reported as sodium acetate equivalent. [0045] The degree of substitution, DS, of the carboxymethyl dextran polymers prepared herein was measured following the nonaqueous titration method in ASTM D1439-15. ASTM D1439-15 was written for carboxymethyl cellulose, but the same principle applies as both carboxymethyl dextran polymer and carboxymethyl cellulose are polysaccharides containing carboxymethyl substitutents. A precisely weighted amount of carboxymethyl dextran polymer was first refluxed inside glacial acetic acid, and the formed sodium acetate was titrated with perchloric acid as a strong acid. Crystal violet served as the indicator, and at the endpoint the titrate changed from violet/blue to green. Examples S1-S7: Carboxymethyl Dextran Polymer Synthesis [0046] A 500 mL four necked flask, was equipped with a glass rod propeller connected to a Teflon blade and driven by an overhead mechanical stirrer, a condenser, and a thermocouple connected with a J-KEM temperature controller and providing input to a heating mantle. The flask was first charged with dextran powder, sodium chloroacetate and deionized water as noted in TABLE 1. [0047] Agitation of the flack contents was started at a rate of 200 rpm, and a nitrogen blanket was applied to remove entrained air. One hour later, the reaction mixture formed a clear, colorless solution. Then a 50 wt% aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide in the amount noted in T ABLE 1 was added dropwise to the flask contents. The flask contents were allowed to stir for five minutes at ambient temperature following addition of the sodium hydroxide solution. Then the temperature set point on the J-KEM temperature controller was raised to 70 °C and held there for 3 hours. Then the flask contents were cooled by in an ice/water bath to ambient temperature (with continuous nitrogen flow), and glacial acetic acid in the amount noted in TABLE 1 was added dropwise to the flaks contents to quench the reaction. Following a ten minute hold, the flask contents were diluted with 6 L of methanol. The flask contents were allowed to soak overnight and the product polymer was collected on a fritted Buchner funnel with additional washing of methanol, and dried in a 50 °C vacuum oven overnight. The product yield, volatile wt%, ash as sodium acetate (NaOAc) wt% and degree of substitution, DS, of carboxy methyl groups on the base dextran measured by titration with perchloric acid for the product are reported in TABLE 2. Attorney Docket No. 84925-WO-PCT TABLE 1 Dextran Reagent (g) Charge Sodium 50% Acetic d [0048] A 500 mL four necked flask, was equipped with a glass rod propeller connected to a Teflon blade and driven by an overhead mechanical stirrer, a condenser, and a thermocouple connected with a J-KEM temperature controller and providing input to a heating mantle. The flask was first charged with dextran powder (40.17 g, Aldrich D4876, 150,000 Da, corresponding to 37.16 g of active content), sodium chloroacetate (13.39 g), and deionized water (208.15 g). [0049] Agitation of the flack contents was started at a rate of 200 rpm, and a nitrogen blanket was applied to remove entrained air. One hour later, the reaction mixture formed a clear, colorless solution. Then a 50 wt% aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide (11.95 g) was added dropwise to the flask contents. The flask contents were allowed to stir for five minutes at ambient temperature following addition of the sodium hydroxide solution. Then the temperature set point on the J-KEM temperature controller was raised to 70 °C and held there for 3 hours. Then the flask contents were cooled by in an ice/water bath to ambient temperature (with continuous nitrogen flow), and glacial acetic acid (4.70 g) was added dropwise to the flaks contents to quench the reaction. Following a ten minute hold, the flask contents were transferred into 6 L of methanol. After 15 minutes, the precipitated polymer was collected on a fritted Buchner funnel with additional washing of methanol, and dried in a 50 °C vacuum oven overnight. The above procedure was repeated with the following material charges—dextran (39.95 g); sodium chloroacetate (13.41 g); water (208.61 g); 50 wt% aq. NaOH solution (12.00 g) and glacial acetic acid (4.70 g). The dried, precipitated polymer collected from the two separate batches was then blended together to yield the final product polymer. The product yield, volatile wt%, ash as sodium acetate (NaOAc) wt% and Attorney Docket No. 84925-WO-PCT degree of substitution, DS, of carboxy methyl groups on the base dextran measured by titration with perchloric acid for the product are reported in TABLE 2. TABLE 2 Base Dextran Ash as Weight Average Volatile NaOAc ) [0050] Dishwashing compositions were prepared in each of Comparative Examples CF1- CF8 and Examples F1-F2 having the component formulations identified in TABLE 3.
Attorney Docket No. 84925-WO-PCT TABLE 3 Concentration on solids basis (wt%) Ingredient CF1 CF2 CF3 CF4 CF5 CF6 CF7 CF8 F1 F2 25 0 5 3 4 4 4 6 3 -- -- -- 6 -- -- -- -- -- --
Attorney Docket No. 84925-WO-PCT Procedure for preparing food soil [0051] The STIWA food soil described in TABLE 4 was prepared by the following procedure. a) Bringing the water to a boil. b) Mixing in a paper cup the instant gravy, the benzoic acid and the starch; and then adding the mixture to the boiling water. c) Adding the milk and margarine to the product of (b). d) Letting the product of (c) cool down to approximately 40 °C, and then adding mixture to a kitchen mixer (Polytron). e) Combining in another paper cup, the egg yolk, the ketchup and the mustard and mixing with a spoon. f) Adding the product of (e) to the mixture of (d) in the blender with continuous stirring. g) Letting the product of (f) stir in the blender for 5 minutes. h) The freezing the product food soil mixture from (g). i) 50 g of the frozen slush is placed into the dishwasher at beginning of the main wash. T ABLE 4 Ingredient wt% Water 709 [0052] Machine: Miele SS-ADW, Model G1223SC Labor. Wash at 65 °C – 30 min wash cycle, followed by two rinse cycles with a rinse water temperature of 65 °C and a final 30 minute drying step. After the drying cycle was complete, the dishwasher door was opened for 30 minutes to allow the steam to evaporate. Water: initial water supplied to the dishwasher had a total water hardness of 40°fH hardness, Ca 2+ :Mg 2+ = 3:1 and a temporary water hardness of 27°fH. Food soil: 50 g of the composition noted in TABLE 4 was introduced to the wash liquor frozen in a cup. Each dishwashing composition from Comparative Examples CF1-C8 and Examples F1-F2 were tested. The food soil was added at the beginning of the wash cycle. The test detergents were also charged to the Attorney Docket No. 84925-WO-PCT dishwasher at the beginning of the wash cycle. The test detergents were each dosed at 17 g per wash (based on solids). The number of wash cycles used in this experiment to generate filming and spotting was 14. Schott ® Glass Filming and Spotting Evaluation [0053] After 14 wash cycles under the above dishwashing test conditions, the Schott ® Glasses were dried in open air for at least 18 hours. After drying in open air following the 14 th wash, filming and spotting ratings were determined in a light box with controlled illumination from below. Schott ® tumblers were rated for filming and spotting according to ASTM method ranging from 1 (no film/spots) to 5 (heavily filmed/spotted). An average value of 1 to 5 for filming and spotting was determined as reported in TABLES 5 and 6. T ABLE 5 Fourteenth Cycle Score Composition Filming Spotting Fourteenth Cycle Score C m iti n Filmin S ttin on [0001] After 14 wash cycles under the above dishwashing test conditions, polished 304 stainless steel coupons were dried in open air for at least 18 hours. After drying in open air filming and spotting ratings were determined in a light box with controlled illumination. Polished 304 stainless steel coupons were rated for filming and spotting ranging from 1 (no film/spots) to 5 (heavily filmed/spotted). An average value of 1 to 5 for filming and spotting was determined as reported in T ABLES 7 and 8. Attorney Docket No. 84925-WO-PCT TABLE 7 Fourteenth Cycle Score Composition Filming Spotting e Composition Filming Spotting
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