Field of the invention

The object of the invention is a replaceable blade bit, as defined in the preamble of claim 1 , of a handling means of a rotary shaper.

Another object of the invention is also a handling means, as defined in the preamble of claim 7, of a rotary shaper.

Another object of the invention is also a rotary shaper as defined in the preamble of claim 13. The invention relates generally to materials handling systems, such as partial- vacuum transporting systems, more particularly to the collection and conveying of wastes, such as to the conveying of household wastes.

Background of the invention

Systems wherein wastes are conveyed in piping by means of an air current produced by a pressure difference or suction are known in the art. In these, wastes are conveyed long distances in the piping. It is typical to these systems that a partial-vacuum apparatus is used to achieve a pressure difference, in which apparatus negative pressure is brought about in the conveying pipe with partial- vacuum generators, such as with vacuum pumps or with an ejector apparatus. A conveying pipe typically comprises at least one valve means, by opening and closing which the replacement air coming into the conveying pipe is regulated. Input points at the input end of the material are used in the systems, from which input points the material, such as wastes, is conveyed into the system. The system can also comprise refuse chutes, into which material, such as waste material, is fed and from which the material to be conveyed is conveyed into a conveying pipe by opening a discharge valve means, in which case, by means of the suction effect achieved by the aid of the negative pressure acting in the conveying pipe and also by means of the surrounding air pressure acting via the refuse chute, material such as e.g. waste material packed into bags, is conveyed from the refuse chute into the conveying pipe. The pneumatic waste conveying systems in question can be utilized particularly well in densely populated urban areas. These types of areas have tall buildings, in which the input of wastes into a pneumatic waste conveying system is performed via a refuse chute or other input point arranged in the building.

Wastes are conveyed pneumatically in a closed system to a reception station, in which the wastes are compressed with a press only after transportation. The pipes of a pneumatic conveying system are in normal cases rather large in diameter, e.g. in the region of 500 mm in their diameter.

Known from publication WO8203200 A1 is a device for fine-grinding, compressing and outputting a high-volume bulk good, more particularly household wastes, by means of which device the waste material conducted through the device can be compacted. In the solution according to the publication large drive powers are typically needed, especially in situations in which the device is used to cut or fine- grind a material, in which case the energy consumption of the drive devices and the costs of the drive devices are high. In addition, the passage of stones or other corresponding material between the cutting Wades can produce breakage of the blades. Further known from publications WO2011098666, WO201 1098667, WO2011098668 and WO201 1098669 are solutions in which rotary shapers are applied. Rotary shapers according to prior art comprise a number of rotatable handling means and typically a non-rotating handling means between them. These have proven to be effective for their purpose. There is a need to further develop the material handling means of rotary shapers to improve their availability, on the one hand, and also to adapt them to different applications as well as to improve maintenance efficiency.

The aim of the present invention is to achieve an entirely new type of solution in connection with the handling means of rotary shapers, by the aid of which solution the operating efficiency of the handling means can be further boosted, and their adaptability to different applications as well as their maintainability can be enhanced.

Brief description of the invention

The blade bit according to the invention is mainly characterized by what is stated in the characterization part of claim 1. The blade bit according to the invention is also characterized by what is stated in claims 2 - 6. The handling means according to the invention is mainly characterized by what is stated in the characterization part of claim 7.

The handling means according to the invention is also characterized by what is stated in claims 8 - 12.

The rotary shaper according to the invention is mainly characterized by what is stated in claim 13.

The rotary shaper according to the invention is also characterized by what is stated in claims 14 - 19.

The solution according to the invention has a number of important advantages. By means of the invention a particularly efficient solution for the handling of material in a rotary shaper is achieved. By the aid of the blade bits and handling means according to the invention, material can be efficiently handled in a rotary shaper and efficient handling of the material and feeding of it through the rotary shaper are achieved. With the solution according to the invention, the efficiency of feeding of material through a rotary shaper can be enhanced to the extent that the suction/pressure difference to be used in the feeding of material in a known solution can be reduced. This, in turn, reduces the energy requirement of a pneumatic pipe transport system for material. By means of the invention the handling of material when driving the handling means in a second direction can be effectively influenced. In this case with the guide surfaces of the blade bits, on the one hand, the feeding of material can be enhanced and, on the other hand, the load exerted on the handling means can be lightened. With the solution according to the invention, the material to be handled is made to be centered, i.e. is brought towards the center, in which case the material can be efficiently fitted into a transport pipe or a container. More particularly, waste material can, with the solution according to the invention, be efficiently compacted with the rotary shaper according to the invention and efficient transportation can be achieved with a significantly smaller pipe size compared to unshaped waste material. With a certain magnitude of the angle between the guide surfaces of the blade bits and/or the edges of the apertures of consecutive handling means, effective operation of the apparatus has been achieved. By arranging a blade on a rotatable handling means, preferably a replaceable blade, which acts on the material in a first and a second direction of rotation, the handling of the material can be made more efficient and the possibility of blockages arising can be decreased. By driving the rotatable handling means in different directions of rotation in cycles, i.e. in sequences, effective operation of the device can be ensured and the possibility of blockages arising can be decreased. Replaceable blade bits also provide the possibility of configuring their material and their other properties according to requirements of each application. Furthermore, by forming a blade bit of a handling means to be replaceable, it can easily be changed because of wear or for some other reason. By forming the non-rotatable handling means of a rotary shaper to be relatively thin, a cutting gap is brought about between it and a rotatable handling means, which cutting gap is extremely effective in the handling of some types of waste, e.g. in the handling of board or cardboard. With the solution according to the invention, efficient handling of material is thus achieved by the aid of certain types of blade bits of handling means and a non-rotatable, relatively thin, handling means. Brief description of the figures

In the following, the invention will be described in more detail by the aid of an embodiment with reference to the attached drawings, wherein Fig. 1 presents a simplified view of one embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention,

Fig. 2a presents a simplified embodiment of the invention from the direction of the arrow A of Fig. 2b,

Fig. 2b presents a simplified embodiment of the invention from the direction of the arrow B of Fig. 2a,

Fig. 2c presents a simplified embodiment of the invention, sectioned along the line 2c-2c of Fig. 2b, Fig. 3 presents a detail of the embodiment of the invention as viewed obliquely from above,

Fig. 4a presents an embodiment of the blade bit of the handling means of the invention from the direction of the arrow A of Fig. 4b,

Fig. 4b presents an embodiment of the blade bit of the handling means of invention from the direction of the arrow B of Fig. 4a, Fig. 4c presents an embodiment of the blade bit of the handling means of invention from the direction of the arrow C of Fig. 4a,

Figs. 5a-5d present one blade bit of the handling means of the invention from different directions; 5a obliquely from below, 5b obliquely from above, 5c obliquely from above and 5d obliquely from below, and

Figs. 6a-6d present a second blade bit of the handling means of the invention; 6a obliquely from below, 6b obliquely from above, 6c obliquely from above and 6d obliquely from below.

Detailed description of the invention

Fig. 1 presents one embodiment, in which the solution according to the invention can be utilized. The figure presents a simplified view of a rotary shaper 1 , which is arranged in connection with a refuse chute 3 or corresponding with a fitting part 2. Only a part of the refuse chute is presented. The material, such as household waste packed into bags, waste paper, cardboard or other waste, is fed into the refuse chute 3 and from there onwards, via the fitting part 2, into the input aperture 6 of the rotary shaper 1. In the solution of the figure, the input aperture 6 is formed in the lid plate 27 of the body of the rotary shaper. The material handled in the rotary shaper is removed via the output aperture 37. The output aperture 37 is formed in the base plate 28 of the body of the rotary shaper 1. The material to be handled is shaped and compacted in the rotary shaper and after handling is conducted via an output coupling 4 into conveying piping 5 by means of suction and/or a pressure difference produced by e.g. the drive devices of a pneumatic pipe transport system. One advantage of the embodiment of the invention is that the waste material is made into a suitable shape, in which it fits for conveying in transport piping 4, 5. In this case conveying piping 5 that is significantly smaller in diameter can be used. According to one embodiment e.g. a pipe with a diameter in the region of 150-300 mm, preferably in the region of 200 mm, can be used as a conveying pipe 5. According to one embodiment e.g. a pipe with a diameter in the region of 150-300 mm, preferably in the region of 200 mm, can be used as a conveying pipe 5. According to the invention simultaneous suction is used in the embodiment, in which case the material to be handled can be acted upon with suction or with a pressure difference acting via the conveying pipe 5 and the output coupling 4 when conducting the material through the handling means 10A, 0B, 10C of the rotary shaper 1. The handling means are rim-like (or ring-shaped), each of which has an aperture 1 A, 11B, 11C from the first side, from the input side, to the output side. At least a part of the handling means are configured to be rotatable in the embodiment of the figure around the vertical axis with a drive device 7 and with the transmission means 8, 9A, 9C. In the figure the topmost rotatable handling means 10A and the bottommost rotatable handling means 10C are rotated, and between them remains a non-rotating, stationary handling means 10B. A valve means 55, such as a disc valve, which is driven with a drive device 56 of the valve, can be below the rotary shaper . The valve means 55 opens and closes the connection between the rotary shaper and the output coupling 4 and consequently the suction effect from the conveying pipe into the rotary shaper and the transfer of material from the rotary shaper into the conveying pipe are adjusted with the valve means 55.

The rotary shaper comprises a body, into which the handling means 10A, 10B, 0C are arranged. In the vertical direction a plurality of handling means 10A, 10B, 10C, which comprise an aperture 11 A, 11 B, 11C leading from the first side to the second side, is arranged below the input aperture 6 of the material to be handled. The ring-shaped handling means are configured in connection with a relative rotational movement around a geometric axis, which is mainly identical with the geometric axis of an input chute, to convey a bulk good fed into the center of the rings through the ring-shaped handling means by gravity and/or by means of the suction/pressure-difference produced by the partial-vacuum generators of a pneumatic materials handling system, such as of a pipe transport system, at least by shaping the bulk good with the combined action of the simultaneously rotating rings and at least one stationary (non-rotating) ring. The handling means 10A, 10B, 10C can be configured to rotate in opposite directions to each other, but as is presented in the figures in the preferred embodiment, every second ring-shaped handling means 10B (in the figure, the centermost handling means 10B) is fixed immovably to the body and every second ring-shaped handling means 10A, 10C (in the figures, the topmost and the bottommost handling means) is fixed rotatably. The speed of rotation and the direction of rotation of the rotatable handling means 10A, 10C can according to one embodiment be varied.

According to one embodiment the rotatable handling means have different speeds of rotation. According to one embodiment the first handling means 10A in the direction of travel of the material is rotated faster and the rotatable handling means following it in the direction of travel of the material are rotated typically more slowly. In the figure the bottommost rotatable handling means 10C thus rotates more slowly than the first rotatable handling means 10A. Between them in the vertical direction is a non-rotating handling means 10B. The interpositioning between the inner walls 13A, 13C of the apertures 11 A, 11C of the rotatable handling means 10A, 10C changes, at least on the plane of rotation, during rotation, which function is advantageous with regard to the effective handling of material.

The rotatable handling means 0A, 10C are rotated in the embodiment of Fig. 1 by a drive device 7, e.g. by the aid of a transmission means, such as a belt transmission 8, 9A, 9C. The outer rim 15A, 15C of the ring-shaped handling means 10A, 10C is configured to function as a countersurface of the transmission means of the power transmission of the drive device, e.g. for a belt means 9A, 9C, which is included in the power transmission apparatus for bringing about rotation of a ring. The outer rim 15A, 15C of the handling means 10A, 10C can be shaped suitably. For example, a cambered or barrel-like shape has been observed to be very effective in one embodiment. The rotation trajectory of a handling means is achieved by arranging e.g. limiting means and/or bearing means and a countersurface to the ring-shaped handling means, most suitably a rim-like rolling surface or sliding surface, onto the rim of which the limiting means and/or bearing means are arranged in a distributed manner.

The rotary shaper is, according to one embodiment, preferably driven in a sequence, which has a certain duration ti, for the extent of which the handling means 10A, 10C are rotated in a first direction, after which the direction of rotation is changed. After this the handling means 10A, 10C are rotated in the opposite direction for a second period of time t2. The first direction (marked with the arrow I in Fig. 3) is the actual handling direction of the shaper. The second direction (the arrow II in Fig. 3) is that in which the possible blade part 1 A, 14C of the handling means is configured to rotate in front and possibly to cut material. The rotation duration t ₂ of the second direction of rotation is typically shorter than the duration ti of the first direction of rotation. According to one embodiment preferably an equation is followed, according to which t ₂ = 0,5 * ti.

Typically the rotation duration ti of the first handling direction is in the order of 10 seconds and the duration t ₂ of the opposite direction of rotation is 5 seconds.

If a rotatable handling means 0A, 10C stops during handling, e.g. for a reason caused by the material to be handled, such as owing to a blockage, the direction of rotation of the handling means is changed, e.g. with the intent of removing the blockage.

A handling means 10A, 10C is provided with a blade 14A, 14C, which can be detached and replaced with a new one. The material to be handled is acted on with the blade 14A, 14C when the handling means 0A, 10C is rotated. The blade 14A, 14C has an edge 153, which when rotating in the second direction is possibly configured to cut the material to be handled.

Additionally, according to one embodiment the rotary torque can be varied. The handling means 10A, 10C can be rotated individually according to one embodiment, in which case each handling means has its own drive device.

The handling means 0A, 10C can alternatively be driven with electric motors.

The ring-shaped handling means 10A, 10B, 10C, or at least a part of them, and the inner surface 13A, 13B, 13C of their apertures 1 1A, 1 1 B, 11C are patterned and/or arranged to be such in their shape that their rotational movement in the first direction simultaneously feeds material onwards from an aperture 1 1 A, 1 1 B, 1 1 C towards the output end and the output aperture 37. Typically at least the rotating handling means 10A, 10C are arranged to be such that they convey material towards the output aperture 37 of the output end and towards the output coupling 4. When rotating in the second direction the blade 14A, 14C has a shape that tries to displace the material above the blade edge 153 upwards and the material below the blade edge 153 downwards. The blade can be aligned in such a way that the blade edge 153 is at an angle to the plane of rotation or at an angle with respect to a plane parallel with it. According to one embodiment the blade bit 14A, 14C comprises a surface, which when the blade is being rotated in the second direction acts on the material in contact with the top surface of the blade bit, endeavoring to displace it in the radial direction outwards with respect to the rotation axis. The surface below the blade bit, for its part, can be arranged in such a way that, when the handling means is being rotated in the second direction, it acts on the material in contact with the bottom surface of the blade bit endeavoring to displace it in the radial direction towards the rotation axis and in the feed direction towards the output aperture. A blade bit can also have surface shapes that endeavor, when the handling means is being rotated in the first direction, to feed the material in its main feed direction towards the output aperture of the rotary shaper. The shape and properties of blade bits are addressed hereinafter in connection with Figs. 4-5 and 6.

Figs. 2a-2c and 3 present one embodiment of the invention. The embodiment presents the handling means 10A, 10B, 10C without the body of the rotary shaper. The packet of three handling means 0A, 10B, 10C of the figures can be arranged in the space between the base plate 28 of the body of the rotary shaper and the lid plate 27. The centermost handling means 10B is fixed with fixing means to the body of the rotary shaper, e.g. with fastening means. According to the embodiment of Fig. 1 , the non-rotating, i.e. the centermost, handling means 10B is formed in Figs. 2a-2c and 3 to be thinner than the first rotatable handling means 10A and the lowermost rotatable handling means 10C. The non-rotatable handling means 10B is formed e.g. of plate material in the embodiment of the figures, in which material the means needed in the handling of material are formed.

In the embodiment of the figures on at least some of the handling means a replaceable part of the handling means, i.e. a replaceable blade bit 14A, 14C, is arranged. The shapes and properties of a replaceable blade bit are explained in more detail hereinafter, more particularly in connection with Figs. 4a-4c and 5a-5d and 5a-6d.

Figs. 2a-2c and 3 present a combination of the handling means 10A, 10B, 10C of a rotary shaper according to one embodiment of the invention. The rotatable handling means 10A, 10C comprise a mainly round, cylindrically-shaped envelope, which has an outer rim 15A. The envelope can also be cambered. The ring- shaped handling means, or at least the frame of it, can be formed from one piece or e.g. from a number of plate parts arranged one above the other, which are fixed to each other. In the embodiment of Fig. 3, a counterpart, such as a groove, is arranged in the ring-shaped means for the aligning means, for the bearings, or for corresponding.

Figs. 2a-2c and 3 present an embodiment of a ring-shaped handling means 0A, 10C. In the embodiment the handling means has at least one blade bit 14A, C arranged on the inward-protruding part 12A, 12C, which blade bit is fixed with fixing means 18, such as with screws, to the inward-protruding part 12A, 12C. In the embodiment according to the figures, a second blade bit 14A2, 14C2 is also arranged on the handling means, which blade bit is at a distance from the first blade bit 14A, 14C in the height direction of the handling means 10A, 10C, i.e. in the main input direction of the material.

The second blade bit 14A2, 14C2 can be a simple counterpart or reinforcement, which acts together with the blade 14B of the adjacent (below the handling means) handling means 0B forming a cutting gap with the Wade, when the blades are moved in relation to each other overlapping towards each other. The second blade bit 14C2 of the lowermost handling means 14C can form a cutting gap with the edge of the output aperture 37 of the base plate 28. Correspondingly, the edge of the input aperture 6 of the lid plate 27 can form a cutting gap with the blade bit 14A of the topmost handling means 10A. As can be seen particularly from the diagrammatic Figs. 2a, 2b and 2c, and also 3, the first handling means 10A is provided with a wing-shaped part 12A protruding inwards towards the center of the ring, which part takes a part of the surface surrounded by the ring and which is shaped with a wing surface 13A that faces towards the center axis of the handling means 10A, the curved shape of which surface can preferably be a so-called Archimedes spiral, i.e. it has an inwardly decreasing radius. The part 12A that protrudes towards the center of the handling means thus limits the eccentric aperture 11A going through the ring. When the handling means 0A is rotating, the wing surface 13A defines the through-passage aperture 11 A through the handling means that is free of obstacles. Means, such as a threaded groove or a band, which when the handling means rotates in the input direction at the same time feeds the material to be handled from the aperture 1 A onwards in the handling direction, can thus be formed on the inner surface 13A, i.e. on the wing surface, of a handling means. In addition, a cutting blade 14A can be achieved when the direction of rotation changes. The blade bit 14A can also, according to one embodiment, be a separate, replaceable part. The following presents the properties of the blade bit 14C. The corresponding surfaces can be found to the appropriate extent from the blade bit 14A of the first handling means of Figs. 6a-6d.

Figs. 4a-4c and 5a-5d present one embodiment of a replaceable blade bit 14C of the handling means 10C. The blade bit 14C has a fixing section, which has a top surface 141 , from which is formed one or more apertures 144, 145, 146 for fixing the blade bit to the handling means 10C. The apertures 144, 145, 146 extend from the top surface 141 , through the blade bit to the bottom surface 142 of the fixing section. According to one embodiment the top surface 141 of the fixing section of the blade bit 14C is arranged fixed to the handling means fairly level with the top surface of the wing-shaped section 12C of the handling means 10C. The surface 147 of the fixing section of the blade bit, said surface being towards the center axis of the handling means 13C, is formed as an extension of the inside surface 13C of the handling means. According to one embodiment the surface 147 of the fixing section of the blade bit is formed to be curved according to the shape of the inside surface 13C of the handling means 10C or deviating from the shape of it. In the embodiment of the figure on the surface 147 of the blade bit 10C is a surface section 156 that is beveled starting from the line 155. Means or shapes can also be formed in/on a blade bit, which means or shapes when the handling means 10C is rotated in the first I direction, for feeding material through the aperture 1 1 C of the handling means 10C, feed the material to be handled onwards from the aperture 1 1 C of the handling means. Correspondingly, when the handling means 0C is rotated in the second II direction, the loading of the material being fed in can be lightened by means of the blade bit 14C, e.g. by bringing about with the blade bit 14C, at least partly on its plane of rotation, a movement acting upwards for the material being handled.

The blade bit 14C in the embodiment of the figure has an edge 153, which has a tip 148. From the top surface 141 of the fixing section of the blade bit, or from the plane of rotation, a top surface 149 extending towards the tip 148 and inclined in the feed direction (downwards) is arranged. The surface is beveled from the plane of rotation downwards at an angle of γ (gamma). From the side surface 147 at the angle point 158 of the edge 153 and the side surface 147 an oblique surface 149 extending towards the tip 8 is formed. An edge 153 forms between the surfaces 149 and 150. According to one embodiment the edge 153 is inclined from the horizontal downwards from the plane of rotation in the radial direction of the handling means 10C towards the outer rim at an angle of a (alfa). The projection of the surface 149 from above is triangular in shape, on which the starting point of the bevel from the plane of the surface 141 of the fixing part is marked with the line 157. This is at an angle of β (beta) to the edge 153 starting from the point 58. When rotating the handling means in the second II direction, an upwardly-directed movement of material is achieved with the oblique guide surface of the blade bit 14C ₍ which movement is also in the radial direction towards the outer rim. According to one embodiment the angle a (alfa) is 5 - 45 degrees, preferably 8 - 30 degrees, most preferably 10 - 20 degrees. According to one embodiment the angle β (beta) is 5 - 45 degrees, preferably 8 - 30 degrees, most preferably 10 - 20 degrees.

Below the edge 153 in the figure is a beveled guide surface, i.e. a bottom surface 150, which is at an angle of δ (delta) (Fig. 5d) with the vertical plane tangential to the edge. From the combined action of the inclined edge 153 and the bottom surface 150, when the handling means is rotated in the second direction II, a movement of material downwards is brought about for the material below the edge 153 and a movement of material e.g. in the radial direction aligned obliquely towards the axis of rotation. In this case the material is also fed downwards. According to one embodiment the angle δ (delta) is 10 - 80 degrees, preferably 5 - 60 degrees, most preferably 20 - 40 degrees.

The edge 153 can additionally cut the material at least together with one blade 14B of a stationary handling means or other edge, such as the edge of the input aperture 6 of the lid plate 27or the edge of the output aperture 37 of the base plate. According to Figs. 2b and 3a, the tip 148 of the edge 153 of the blade bit 14C is, in the second direction of rotation II, the outermost point of the blade bit. In Fig. 3, the edge 153 of the blade bit 14C of the rotatable handling means and the blade 14B of the stationary handling means 10B form a cutting gap when rotating the rotatable handling means in the second direction II, which gap narrows as the rotatable handling means rotates. According to one embodiment the cutting angle between the blades 14B and 14C as viewed from above is in the region of 30 - 60 degrees, preferably 40 - 50 degrees, most preferably 42 - 47 degrees. The blade bit 14C has a second side wall 151 of the fixing section, which side wall is planar in the embodiment of the figure, but it can be shaped also into a different shape. The bottom surface 142 of the fixing section of the blade bit 14C in the figure is also planar, but it can be shaped according to the application. The apertures 144, 145, 146 extend from the top surface 141 of the blade bit 14C through it and through its bottom surface 142. Between the bottom surface 142 of the fixing section and the bottom surface 52 of the blade section is a vertical sill section 143, which extends from the bottom surface 142 of the fixing section downwards. According to one embodiment the sill section 143 comes against the detent surface of the fixing point of the blade bit of the handling means 10C when the blade bit is fixed to the handling means 10C, making the fixing of the blade bit and handling means more robust. The surface 143 can be beveled in such a way that it guides material downwards in the input direction through the aperture 1 1 C when the handling means is rotated in the first direction.

The blade bit of the handling means also has a rear surface 154, which comes against the surface 160 of the fixing point of the blade bit of the handling means 10C. A recess is formed on the wing-shaped part 12C of the handling means, said part having side surfaces 160, 162 and a base 161 , for the fixing section of the blade bit 14C. The edge 143 of the blade bit 14C fixed to the handling means 10C and the guide surfaces 149, 150 protrude from the wing-shaped part 12C, at least in the second II direction of rotation.

In the embodiment of the figure, the blade bit 14A of the first rotatable handling means 10A and the blade bit 14C of the third rotatable handling means 10C are formed comprising the same surface parts and general shapes, so that in connection with them the same reference numbers are used in connection with the various parts and surfaces of a blade bit. The size and dimensions of the blade bits as well as the shapes of their bevels and magnitudes of their angles can, however, differ from each other. In the rotary shaper of the figure a non-rotating handling means 10B is fitted below, and supports, the topmost rotating handling means 10A, which non-rotating handling means is fixed with fixing elements to the body of the rotary shaper, between the lid plate 27 and the base plate 28. The non-moving handling means 10B is typically formed in a corresponding manner to the rotating handling means 10A described earlier. According to one embodiment, the dimensionings of the wing-shaped part 12B thus become smaller radially inwards to the center of the ring when viewed in a direction which, in one embodiment, is opposite with respect to the direction of rotation of the rotating handling means.

The second handling means, i.e. the stationary handling means 10B, thus comprises, as is seen from Figs. 2b and 3, a wing-shaped part 12B that protrudes in towards the center of the ring, and comprises a wing surface 13B. The wing- shaped part 12B protrudes farther in towards the center of the handling means than the corresponding part 12A of the handling means 10A. In addition, also a second handling means can be provided with a blade 1 B. In the figure the blade is a fixed part of the handling means. The blade 14B can also be a separate, replaceable part. The edge of the blade 14B or corresponding replaceable blade bit of the centermost handling means 10B is aligned in the opposite direction to the edges 153 of the blades 14A, 14C of the rotatable handling means. In this case in Fig. 2b the rotatable handling means and their blades 14A, 14C form, as viewed from the direction B of Fig. 2a, a cutting gap with the blade 14B of the stationary - handling means 14B.

In a corresponding manner the second rotatable handling means 10C also comprises a wing-shaped part 12C, as is seen especially from the diagrammatic figure, which wing-shaped part comprises a wing surface 13C. The wing-shaped part 12C protrudes to some extent even farther in towards the center of the handling means 10C such that when the handling means 10C rotates a throughput aperture that is free of obstacles is defined, which aperture is smaller than the corresponding free through-put aperture in connection with the handling means 0A and 10B. In addition, a cutting blade 4C can be achieved when changing the direction of rotation. The blade 14C is a separate, replaceable part in the embodiment of the figures.

Fig. 1 presents the free passage aperture after the first and the second handling means 10A, 10B, and also the output aperture 37 after the handling means. Fig. 1 presents the output aperture 37 after the second and the third handling means 10B, 10C, which aperture is thus essentially a free through-put aperture through the press. The bottommost rotating handling means 10C is arranged rotatably on the base 28, which comprises an output aperture 37 for feeding out via it the material compressed by the aid of the handling means.

The material conducted through the handling means 10A, 10B, 10C in the rotary shaper is compressed and compacted.

Typically the limiting means and/or bearing means of the handling means are arranged between the bottommost ring-shaped handling means 10C and the base part 28 of the body part, between the bottommost handling means 10C and the centermost, most suitably non-rotating, handling means 10B, and between the non-rotating handling means 10B and the topmost handling means 10A. Limiting means and/or bearing means can also be arranged between the lid part and the first handling means. It can also be conceived that separate rolling means are not used, but instead the handling means are arranged to rest on one another and/or to rest on the base part 28 of the body part.

The rotary movement, i.e. the rotational movement, of the handling means 10A, 10C can also be achieved e.g. with an electric motor or with other arrangements. According to a second embodiment the rotational movement is achieved with a hydraulic motor such that both the rotatable handling means 10A, 10C are rotated with two shared hydraulic motors 7. In this case in the normal operating process both the handling means 10A, 10C can be rotated with one motor.

The rotary shaper thus functions in a way as a re-arranger and compactor (i.e. as a formatter). Under the effect of suction the handling means 10A, 10C of the rotary shaper shape the material to be handled so that it fits into the output aperture 37.

The direction of rotation of the handling means 10A, 10C can be varied. Should too large a load arise, a handling means stops and the direction of rotation is changed. When the load increases to be too large for one of the rotatable handling means, its direction of rotation is changed.

The apertures 1 1 A, 1 1 B, 1 1 C of the handling means can be of different sizes and in a different position with respect to the center, so that the loading can be efficiently distributed and that a sufficiently large aperture for waste is obtained. The handling means 10A, 10C can according to one embodiment be rotated in opposite directions with respect to each other, in which case the material to be handled does not start to rotate along with the handling means. Rotation of the material would disrupt shaping of the material into the desired shape.

It is also advantageous to rotate the handling means at a different speed, because then the compression on each cycle changes at different points and a suitable compression for each waste is always obtained at some point.

With specific types of material, such as with cardboard and paperboard, a compressor means (not presented in the figures) can also be used, which compressor means compresses the material against the handling means from above and/or receives a part of the load brought about by the material.

When the handling means 10A is rotating, the inner surface 13A defines the through-passage aperture 11A through the handling means that is free of obstacles. Means, such as a threaded groove or a band, which when the handling means rotates in the first direction, i.e. the input direction, at the same time feeds the material to be handled onwards from the aperture 1 1 A in the handling direction, can thus be formed on the inner surface 13A of a handling means and/or on the surface 147 of a blade bit 14A.

In the rotary shaper according to the invention a non-rotating handling means 10B is fitted below and supports the topmost rotating handling means 10A, which non- rotating handling means is fixed to the body with fixing elements.

In a corresponding manner the second rotatable handling means 10C also comprises an aperture 1 C, which comprises an inner surface 13C, and a blade bit 14C.

According to one embodiment the aperture 1 1 A, 1 1 B, 1 C of each consecutive handling means is smaller in the transport direction of the material than the aperture of the preceding handling means, in which case the pathway towards the output aperture 37 narrows. The bottommost rotating handling means 10C is arranged rotatably on the base 28, which comprises an output aperture 37 for feeding out via it the bulk good compressed by means of the rings. The general operation of prior-art rotation presses is presented e.g. in publications WO8203200 A1 , WO201 1098666, WO20 1098667, WO201 098668 and WO2011098669.

The degree of shaping can be influenced with the size and shape of the shaping means, their blade bits and their apertures, and also with the patterning on the inner edge of an aperture. Household waste or recyclable material fed as a shaped stream into a conveying pipe is typically conveyed onwards in the conveying pipe by means of suction and/or a pressure difference to the reception location, such as to a waste station or corresponding.

The invention thus relates to a detachable blade bit of a handling means of a rotary shaper, which blade bit is configured to be fixed to a ring-shaped handling means of the rotary shaper, which Wade bi 14A, 1 C comprises a blade edge and guide surfaces extending obliquely away from it. Starting from the blade edge 153 a guide surface 150 is arranged on the bottom surface of the blade bit 1 A, 1 C, which guide surface is arranged at an angle of δ delta with the vertical plane tangential to the blade edge, which guide surface 150 is configured to displace the material to be handled by the rotary shaper downwards, at least when the handling means is rotated in the second direction.

According to one embodiment starting from the blade edge 153 a guide surface 149 is arranged on the top surface of the blade bit, which guide surface is arranged at an angle of γ gamma with the plane of rotation, which guide surface is configured to displace material upwards, at least when the handling means is rotated in the second direction.

According to one embodiment the blade edge 153 forms an angle a alfa with a plane parallel with the plane of rotation. According to one embodiment the guide surface 149 arranged on the top surface of the blade bit 14A, 14C is configured to displace material also in the radial direction on the plane of rotation towards the outer rim. According to one embodiment the guide surface 150 arranged on the bottom surface of the blade bit 14A, 14C is configured to displace material also in the radial direction on the plane of rotation towards the center, i.e. towards the pathway traveling through the handling means.

According to one embodiment the blade bit 14A, 14C is arranged on the wing- shaped section 2A, 12C of the ring-shaped handling means 10A, 10C of the handling means, said section extending inwards.

According to one embodiment the blade bit 14A, 14C comprises a guide surface or guide surfaces, which is/are configured to feed material in the main conveying direction, i.e. in the direction of the pathway, at least when the handling means are rotated in the first direction.

The invention also relates to the handling means of a rotary shaper, which handling means comprises a mainly ring-shaped frame 10A, 10C, in which is an aperture Ή A, 11C, through which the pathway of the material to be handled is arranged, which handling means comprises a wing-shaped section 12C extending inwards into the aperture and an inside surface 13C, on which handling means a blade bit 14A, 14C is arranged, which blade bit comprises a blade edge and guide surfaces extending obliquely away from it. Starting from the blade edge 153 a guide surface 150 is arranged on the bottom surface of the blade bit, which guide surface is arranged at an angle of δ delta with the vertical plane tangential to the blade edge, which guide surface is configured to displace the material to be handled by the rotary shaper downwards when the handling means is rotated in the second direction.

According to one embodiment starting from the blade edge 153 a guide surface 149 is arranged on the top surface of the blade bit, which guide surface is arranged at an angle of γ gamma with the plane of rotation, which guide surface is configured to displace material upwards, at least when the handling means is rotated in the second direction. According to one embodiment the blade edge 153 forms an angle of a alfa with a plane parallel with the plane of rotation. According to one embodiment the guide surface 149 arranged on the top surface of the blade bit 14A, 14C is configured to displace material also in the radial direction on the plane of rotation towards the outer rim. According to one embodiment the guide surface 150 arranged on the bottom surface of the blade bit 14A, 14C is configured to displace material also in the radial direction on the plane of rotation towards the center, i.e. towards the pathway traveling through the handling means. According to one embodiment the blade bit 14A, 14C is arranged on the wing- shaped section of the ring-shaped handling means of the handling means, said section extending inwards.

According to one embodiment the blade bit 14A, 14C comprises a guide surface or guide surfaces, which is/are configured to feed material in the main conveying direction, i.e. in the direction of the pathway, at least when the handling means are rotated in the first direction.

The invention also relates to a rotary shaper 1 , 100, which comprises ring-shaped handling means 10A, 10B, 10C, a part of which are rotatable handling meansl OA, 10C, and in the handling means is an aperture 11 A, 11 B, 11 C, which is arranged eccentrically with respect to the axis of rotation of the rotatable handling means, and a part are rigid handling means 10B. The rotatable handling means 10A, 10C of the rotary shaper is a handling means according to any of claims 8 - 14 and that between the rotatable handling means is a non-rotatable handling means 10B.

According to one embodiment the non-rotatable handling means 1 1 B is a plate part, in which an aperture 11 B is formed. According to one embodiment the thickness of a non-rotatable handling means 10B is smaller than the thickness of a rotatable handling means.

According to one embodiment the thickness of a non-rotatable handling means 10B is 10 - 50% of the thickness of a rotatable handling means 0A, 10C.

According to one embodiment the thickness of a non-rotatable handling means 10B is 10 - 50 mm, preferably 12 - 30 mm, most preferably 15 - 20 mm. According to one embodiment the length of the blade edge 153 of the blade bit 4A of the first handling means 10A is shorter than the length of the blade or the length of the blade edge of the blade bit of the next handling means 10B, 0C in the handling direction of the material.

According to one embodiment the wing-shaped section 12B or the blade 14B of the non-rotatable handling means 10B is aligned in such a way that a cutting gap is configured to form between the blade 14A, 14C of at least one rotatable handling means and the non-rotatable handling means 10B. Formation of a non- rotatable handling means to be relatively thin enables effective handling of certain materials, such as board or cardboard. The relatively thin, non-rotatable handling means handles, such as cuts or tears, the material to be handled effectively together with a rotatable handling means.

Typically the material is waste material, such as waste material arranged in bags. A refuse chute can be configured to be a part of the pneumatic waste conveying system or it can be a separate part, in which waste material Is conducted into a waste room, waste container or corresponding.

It is obvious to the person skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the embodiments presented above, but that it can be varied within the scope of the claims presented below. The characteristic features possibly presented in the description in conjunction with other characteristic features can if necessary be used separately to each other.