EASTMAN KODAK CO (US)
| US3700450A | 1972-10-24 | |||
| US4769313A | 1988-09-06 | |||
| EP0392481A2 | 1990-10-17 | |||
| EP0289008A2 | 1988-11-02 |
| 1. | A bleachfix agent comprising a dilute solution of an alkali metal or ammonium thiosulphate or a mixture thereof and an iron (III) EDTA, together with a soluble sulphite; characterised in that the soluble sulphite is present in an excess of the amount required for stabilization whereby the sulphite reacts with oxidized developer in use thereby to neutralize its effects upon the thiosulphate. |
| 2. | An agent according to claim 1 characterised in that the total thiosulphate is less than 0.5 mole. |
| 3. | An agent according to claim 1 or 2 characterised in that the thiosulphate has a concentration of 0.16 molar or less and wherein the iron (III) EDTA has a concentration of 0.06 molar or less. |
| 4. | An agent according to any preceding claim characterised in that the thiosulphate is selected from sodium, potassium or ammonium thiosulphate, and wherein the soluble sulphite is a sodium, potassium or ammonium sulphite or bisulphite salt. |
| 5. | A method of bleachfixing an exposed photographic 5 colour material with a total silver coating weight of 2 2.1 mg/dm or less which comprises applying thereto a dilute solution of an alkali metal or ammonium thiosulphate or a mixture thereof together with an iron (III) EDTA admixed with an amount of a soluble ' 10 sulphite; characterised in that the soluble sulphite is in excess of that required for stabilization thereby to protect the thiosulphate by sacrifical oxidation of 15 the said excess of the sulphite. |
| 6. | A method according to claim 5 characterised in that the thiosulphate is present in an amount of up to 0.16 molar and the iron (III) EDTA is present in an 20 amount of up to 0.06 molar. |
| 7. | A method according to any preceding claim characterised in that the thiosulphite is selected from a sodium, potassium or ' ammonium salt and the soluble sulphite, is selected from the sodium potassium or ammonium sulphite or bisulphite salts. |
| 8. | A bleachfixing agent substantially as hereinbefore set forth with reference to, and/or as illustrated in, the foregoing Example. |
| 9. | A method of bleachfixing substantially as hereinbefore set forth with reference to and/or as illustrated in, the foregoing Example. |
DESCRIPTION
The present invention relates to bleach-fixing agents with excess of a soluble sulphite. This invention is particularly concerned with a reduction of cost and complexity of photographic developing processes. The process is particularly suitable for the removal of silver and silver halides from photographic colour materials coated with low weights of silver.
In a process such as this if a conventional bleach-fix agent of normal strength is utilized to follow the developer, particularly but not exclusively an "RX" developer, severe staining can occur on the developed material.
Traditionally this problem has been addressed by treating the developed materials with a stop-bath before the material enters the bleach-fix bath. The present invention removes the need for a stop-bath because it provides an excess of a soluble sulphite
which reacts sacrificially with oxidized developer thereby removing oxidized developer from the bath and the material being processed.
This prevents formation of stain caused by an indiscriminate continuation of coupling particularly in "RX" development which utilizes oxidizing agents such as hydrogen peroxide and or cobalt (III) hexammine complexes.
The use of a thiosulphate and iron (III) ethylene diamine tetracetate (EDTA) as a bleach-fixing agent is widespread and is usually combined with a low concentration of a sulphite as a stabilizer.
Traditional high concentration iron (III) EDTA and thiosulphate bleach-fixing agents can be used with low coating weight silver materials with a stop-bath, but the bleach-fix components are not used efficiently and large concentrations of uncomplexed thiosulphate tend to go to waste. This constitutes an unnecessary burden on sewage treatment works as measured by BOD5 or COD. The reduction of the iron complex and
thiosulphate concentrations reduces the oxygen demand and iron contamination in the effluent.
Accordingly in the present invention, the thiosulphate and the iron (III) EDTA may be used in concentrations of less than one third of the normal with the sulphite in excess.
US-A-3,643,263 provides a photographic process including a rapid dye bleach in a fixer/stabilizer bath including a soluble sulphite for example potassium sulphite or sodium bisulphite, along with an alkali metal thiosulphate which is in a molar excess.
US-A-3,547,636 reveals a process using a bleach/fix agent including at least 0.5 mole of a soluble sulphite and at least an equivalent amount of a thiosulphate.
We have now found that when these bleach-fixing agents are utilized for the removal of silver or silver halides from photographic colour materials, particularly those coated with low weights of silver
2 for example those of up to 2.1 mg/d , it is much to be preferred to reduce the concentration of thiosulphate and iron (III) EDTA since this prevents staining of the product in the absence of a stop-bath.
According therefore to the present invention there is provided in a first aspect a bleach-fix agent comprising a dilute solution of an alkali metal or ammonium thiosulphate, or a mixture thereof, and an iron (III) EDTA, together with a soluble sulphite;
characterised in that the soluble sulphite is present in an excess of the amount required for stabilization whereby the sulphite reacts with oxidized developer in use thereby to neutralize its oxidizing effects upon the thiosulphate.
In a second aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of bleach-fixing an exposed photographic colour material with a total silver
2 coating weight of up to 2.1 mg/dm , which comprises applying thereto a solution of an alkaline metal or
ammonium thiosulphate or a mixture thereof together with iron (III) EDTA admixed with an amount of a soluble sulphite, said soluble sulphite being in excess of the requirement for stabilization thereby to protect the thiosulphate by sacrificial oxidation of said excess of sulphite.
In a preferred form of the invention the total thiosulphate is most preferably less than 0.5 molar, and most preferably less than 0.16 molar, when the iron (III) EDTA has a concentration of 0.06 molar or less.
The thiosulphate may be selected from sodium, potassium or ammonium thiosulphate. The sulphite may be a sodium, potassium or ammonium sulphite or a bisulphite salt. The term iron (III) EDTA refers to any photographically effective salt thereof; for example, ammonium, sodium or potassium.
The invention will now be described, by way of illustration only, with reference to the following example.
EXAMPLE
A coating of a colour paper, suitable for an "RX" process was made. This coating was of similar construction to the present "all chloride" Kodak
(Registered Trade Mark) 2001 paper, having an imaging component silver halide of which 98% is the chloride salt, and 2% is the bromide salt. This 2001 paper has the same dispersion and gel laydowns except that
the silver coating weight was reduced to 0.32mg/dm2 in
2 the red sensitive layer, 0.32mg/dm in the green
2 sensitive layer and 0.75mg/dm in the blue sensitive
2 layer, giving a total silver laydown of 1.4mg/dm .
Samples of this coating were exposed sufficiently to give the maximum density when developed.- The paper was developed in the following "RX" developer for 30
seconds at 30°C:
potassium carbonate 30.0g sodium sulphite 2.0g disodiu EDTA O.lg
CD3 (P-phenylene diamine 8.0g developing agent) water to 1.0litre pH adjusted to 10.3 with potassium hydroxide solution
just before processing 5mls 30% hydrogen peroxide was added.
The developed strips were then plunged into an
experimental bleach-fix (30 C) of the following formulation:
ammonium iron (III) EDTA solution (1.65) molar 20 mis ammonium thiosulphate 15g sodium sulphite 15g water to 1 litre pH adjusted to 6.0 with acetic acid
These were treated for 20 seconds with good manual agitation. The samples were then washed for 2 minutes, then hung up to dry. The silver remaining in the
2 coating was found to be less than O.Olmg/dm by atomic
adsorption spectroscop . Bleach-fixing was complete in 20 seconds.
The experiment was repeated with unexposed paper. This was compared to a sample of the coating processed with a 30 second stop of 5% acetic acid and a 30 second wash ' between the developer and the bleach-fix bath, in order to check that no continued coupling occurred. The density of these processed unexposed areas were within 0.01 in each colour when measured by reflection densito etry. Therefore this bleach-fix caused no significant staining. The same experiment carried out with a conventional bleach-fix showed an increased density of 0.06 in the green density with the process without the stop bath.
In order to test the stability of the-bleach-fix towards "RX" developers, 30mls of the above developer were added to 50mls of the bleach-fix. The mixture was allowed to stand for 4 days. No precipitate formed.
The above experiments were performed with an "all sodium" bleach-fix of the following formulation:
sodium iron (III) EDTA 15g sodium thiosulphate 15g sodium sulphite 15g the pH was adjusted to 6.0 with acetic acid.
Again this bleach-fix removed all detectable silver from the coating in 20 seconds, showed no evidence of staining and was stable towards addition of developer.