Technical field

The invention relates to a building block filled with insulation and comprising two longitudinal load-bearing long sides, lid and bottom.

Prior art

WO 98/23825 shows double-walled building blocks that have a bottom and lid of plywood and the vertical load is transferred by the interior long sides via the bottom andlid. The exterior long sides overlap and in this way guide an upper building block laterally on a lower one.

GB 1590361 shows building blocks where the long sides transfer the vertical load and lateral guidance is achieved with exterior boards on the long sides.

Object of the invention An object of the invention is to be able to build up walls by stacking building blocks, which provide good insulation and provide guidance between the blocks both in a longitudinal direction and in a transverse direction.

Brief description of the invention

The building blocks according to the invention have a lid and bottom that consist ofslabs of thermal-bridge-damping material placed between the long sides so that a vertical load is transferred directly between the long sides of building blocks stacked on one another, and the lid and bottom have interacting elements for guidance both in a longitudinal direction and a transverse direction of one building block stacked on another. The thermal-bridge-damping slabs suitably consist of porous board and thebuilding blocks expediently also have ends of porous board.

Brief description of the drawings Figure 1 shows an example of a building block according to the invention in perspective.

Figure 2 shows the construction of a corner of a building with building blocks according to figure 1. Figure 3 is a fragmentary cross-section through a lid of a lower building block and a bottom of an upper building block.

Figure 4 shows one course of the connection of an interior wall to an exterior wall.

Figure 5 shows another course of the connection of the interior wall according to figure 4. Figure 6 shows a section through a part of a house. Description of the example shown of the invention

Figure 1 shows a building block in the form of a box that consists of two long sides 11 , 12, a lid 13, a bottom 14 and two ends 15. The long sides 11 , 12 consist of rigid supporting slabs, for example wood, preferably plywood, or fibre cement. The lid 13consists of a slab of semi-rigid porous material and has two rows of stand-up projections in the form of truncated cones 16 arranged in a square pattern. The lid can be manufactured by pressing porous board and the stand-up truncated cones 16 in the example shown gain a similar negative cone, i.e. recess, on their inside and the lid 13 and bottom 14 of the building block can consist of identical slabs, therefore. Fig-ure 3 shows a fragment of a bottom 14 of an upper building block stacked on the lid 13 of a lower building block so that the stand-up cones 16 of the lower building block fit into the negative cones 17 of the upper building block. The lid and bottom 13, 14 are "inside" the box, i.e. they extend between the long sides so that an upper building block's long sides rest directly on the lower building block's long sides. The ends 15are made of porous material like the lid and bottom. The box is filled with fibre insulation, for example mineral wool, but alternatively can be filled with another insulation that does not need to have any strength. Alternatively there can be different slabs for the lid and bottom. There can then be projections in one and corresponding holes in the other. It is also possible to have building blocks without ends. Due to the fact that the building blocks have a limited height and have a lid and bottom, the vertical air flow in the insulation is reduced, 5even if ends are lacking.

The porous board is chosen so that the lid, bottom and ends are sufficiently strong to hold the box, i.e. the building block, together and fix one building block on another at the same time as they have sufficient thermal insulation properties so as not to constitute thermal bridges. Material other than porous board can be used if it satisfies the lOrequirements of being thermal-bridge-damping and having sufficient strength. The lid and bottom do not necessarily have to be tight-fitting, but it is advantageous that the boxes are closed, so that the insulation in each box is separated from the insulation in the other boxes.

The building blocks are suitably formed with such dimensions that they can be lifted 15into place by one person. The length module can be 300 mm and a normal building block can be 1200 mm in length and 200 mm in height to provide flexibility and adaptation to door and window frames.

The thickness is selected with regard to the desired thermal insulation capacity. It can be 300 mm, for example. Special building blocks can be manufactured with 20through holes for cables and special building blocks of a lower height than a normal building block can be manufactured. Building blocks can also be manufactured with oblique ends in order to be able to be used for bays, for example.

Figure 2 shows a method of raising walls with building blocks according to figures 1 and 3. The building blocks are stacked in formation and the building blocks in one

25course are locked to the building blocks in a course lying underneath in that the projections, i.e. the cones 16, and the recesses, i.e. the negative cones 17, are matched so that they guide both in a longitudinal direction and a transverse direction and fit together both in a straight formation and in a corner formation. The long sides of an upper building block rest directly on the long sides of two lower building blocks and a

30vertical load is transferred directly between the long sides. The vertical load is trans- ferred between the long sides also of the building blocks in the corner, which is why the ends do not need to take the vertical load. The lid and bottom can naturally be turned so that the bottom receives the projections and the lid receives the recesses. When the lid and bottom are different, the recesses can be replaced with holes. Atleast the projections can then suitably be made conical and they can be separate elements that are fastened on the lid or bottom.

Building blocks for interior walls with half the wall thickness can be adapted to be integrated into the exterior wall in the same way as corners are constructed with a connection, since projections 16 and recesses 17 fit together both longitudinally andtransversely. Figure 4 shows an exterior wall constructed of building blocks 31 , 32 and an interior wall constructed of building block 33 with half the wall thickness. The building block 33 is locked to the exterior wall by its cones, and fitting blocks 34, 35 fill up the exterior wall. The locking of the interior wall to the exterior wall does not have to be done in each course, but intermediate courses can be executed with theinterior wall only standing against the exterior wall as shown in figure 5.

Figure 6 shows a section through a part of a house. A wall has a topmost block 20 adapted for the roof slope to support the roof building block 21 , the upper end of which rests on fitted pieces 22 on a supporting laminated beam 23. The roof building block is filled with fibre insulation and has longitudinal bearing elements that can con-sist of vertical plywood sides. The roof building block can be constructed like the intermediate floor block as the building blocks for a wall.

The intermediate floor can then be locked to the wall by its cones.

The remaining walls can be produced in different ways. A vapour barrier and studs can be applied to the interior of the remaining wall and then gypsum slabs placed onthe studs. A space is then obtained for drawing electric cables and attaching built-in electrical boxes without destroying the vapour barrier. Extra insulation can be placed between the studs if necessary. Alternatively, gypsum slabs can be placed directly against the vapour barrier on the plywood of the building blocks if no space is required for electrical installation. Electrical wiring can then be laid in the skirting board,for example. A portion of the truncated cones can have holes through their top sur- face so that electrical wiring can take place vertically through the building blocks. The exterior of the wall can be unlocked for exterior panels or for slabs and plaster.