The subject of the invention is a cavitation equipment producing heated liquids, containing at least one engine, a house, the liquid to be heated, and one or more cavernous cavitation body rotating in the liquid to be heated and driven by the engine. The invention includes the procedure for the operation of the equipment. The solution according to the invention advantageously eliminates the otherwise harmful and eroding features of cavitation, while using the generated cavitational heat to heat liquids, primarily water.

Before presenting the state of the art, we need to shortly discuss the cavitational phenomenon itself. Cavitational vacuum bubbles are created in the lower pressure parts of liquids, primarily in areas the liquid flows at high speed. The phenomenon is common in central pumps and in the proximity of ship propellers or water turbines, and may extensively erode the rotating propellers and the surface of all materials affected. The phenomenon is accompanied by vibration and knocking-like sounds, it distorts the flow pattern, and reduces the efficiency of the associated engine. Irrespective of the material the propeller or turbine blade is made of, cavitation erodes the respective surfaces by literally eating away even the hardest alloys and creating tiny wholes and cavities on the surface. The name of the phenomenon is of this origin, as cavitation means the creation of cavities. For the above reasons, cavitation is usually a phenomenon to be eliminated. Cavitational vacuum bubbles are small, just a few millimetre sized bubbles generated by sudden decrease in pressure in high-speed liquid flows between the molecules of the liquid. The bubbles crash when entering high- pressure areas, or - explode and fill the space evenly with drops, if the pressure of high- pressure liquids drops suddenly. Small cavities are created among the drops and drop molecules, creating literally vacuum bubbles. The subsequent crash of such vacuum bubbles is accompanied by a low crashing noise and light emission. The crashing of large quantities of liquid molecules produces cracking, bouncing, rumbling noise. When the bubbles crash, the energy stored - in the form of significant heat and light energy - in the bubbles is released. The energy spreads at various frequencies and is absorbed by neighbouring molecules, thereby increasing their temperature. The utilisation of this phenomenon to heat liquids has been known for years. However, it has been a significant difficulty that producing cavitation to heat liquids has been indirectly - e.g. by using rotating bodies ran by electric engines - more expensive than heating liquids by using electricity directly. On the other hand, the situation is different, if other power sources - e.g. turbine, petrol or diesel engine, etc. - are available anyway. By using such power sources, hot liquids may be produced directly. Such a solution is presented in the American patent description No. US 3,720,372. Patented solutions using the cavitation phenomenon to produce heat have already become known in the '50s of the last century, especially in the United States. The most well known patent document is the Perkins patent registered in 1981 in the United States under registration No. US 4,424,797. This patent is a developed and state of the art version of the solutions described in patent No. US 2,683,448 and in the Smith patent documents of 1954. Perkins himself also developed his device and sought patent registration in 1987; the device became known under the registration No. US 4,779,575. The invention uses a rotating cavitational body to heat liquids in a container.

The cavitational devices described in the American Griggs patents No. US 5,188,090 and No. US 5,385,298 may be the closest solutions to our invention. A cylindrical body is placed into the house of the device, the cloak of which is fitted with cavitational bores. The liquid to be heated is placed into the cylindrical free space between the rotating body with cavitational bores and the internal cloak of the house; the pressure and temperature of the liquid increases while the cavitational body is rotating.

For the sake of completeness, we took into consideration the following patent documents: American patents No. US 6,164,274, and US 6,227,193, and the Russian patent No. RU 2,262,644. As for solutions that are completely different from our invention, we mention the American Harris patent registered under the No. US 2010/0154772. In this solution, the helical loops of the rotating rotor and the internal cloak of the house jointly result in cavitational heat production, while the rotor is rotating.

The purpose of our invention is to eliminate the disadvantages of the known solutions and the harmful caviational effects in water heating devices, to improve efficiency, and to reduce cavitational noise.

The invention is based on the realisation that we may achieve our objective by installing a constricting form containing cavitational steps between the rotating cavitational body and the internal cloak of the house containing the body, or by designing the internal cloak of the house this way. In this case, we can continuously ensure that the vacuum bubbles exploded. If we can ensure by designing the internal cloak of the house this way that the liquid to be heated surrounds the vacuum bubbles in the bores upon explosion, we can reduce the cavitational noise, and can also eliminate the harmful effects of cavitation. The advantages of the invention may be increased in further, if the rotating cavitational body is installed into a cavitation ring, the external cloak of which is fitted with additional cavitational bores. The cavitational ring rotates in the opposite direction than the cavitational body. Thus, we create an additional liquid heating cavitational flow zone.

The invention is a cavitation equipment producing heated liquids, containing at least one engine, a house, the liquid to be heated, and one or more cavernous cavitation body rotating in the liquid to be heated and driven by the engine. The engine may be electric engine, but steam or internal combustion engines, or the rotating shafts of turbines may also be used to drive the cavitation equipment. The invention also includes the procedure for the operation of the equipment.

The most general embodiment of the invention is described with the characteristics of the Claims 1 and 2. Claims 3 to 8 describe the advantageous embodiments of the cavitation equipment. The procedure for using the cavitation equipment is presented in Claims 9 to 10. The cavitation equipment according to the invention and the procedure for the use thereof is presented in details on drawings, where

Figure 1 shows the section drawing of cavitation equipment,

Figure 2 shows the perspective picture of the cavitation equipment with the house partially removed,

Figure 3 shows the A-A section of the cavitation equipment,

Figure 3a shows an enlarged section of Figure 3,

Figure 4 shows the cavitation equipment from the outside,

Figure 5 shows the A-A section of the cavitation equipment with the growing vacuum bubbles,

Figure 6 shows the cavitation equipment with the driving engine,

Figure 7 shows the section drawing of cavitation equipment with the cavitation body installed in the ring,

Figure 8 shows the perspectie picture of the cavitation equipment with the cavitation body installed in the ring and with the house partially removed,

Figure 9 shows the section of the cavitation equipment perpendicular to the shaft, Figure 9a shows an enlarged section of Figure 9,

Figure 10 shows the section of the cavitation equipment perpendicular to the shaft, with the growing vacuum bubbles,

Figure 1 1 shows the cavitation equipment with the cavitation body in the ring, and with the engine and the other engine placed on each sides of the cavitation equipment.

Figures 1 and 2 clearly shows the design of the cavitation equipment 1. The house 6 containing the cavitation body 2 consists of three parts: the house ring 23, and the house panel 18 and other house panel 12 surrounding it. The three parts of the house 6 are held together by the fixing screw 29. The cavitation body 2 is placed into the house 6 and is fixed to the shaft 1 1. The shaft 1 1 is held by a deep notched ball bearing 13, the pedestal 31 of which is fixed to the house 6 with a holding screw 30. The ceramic obturator ring 14 on the shaft 11 ensures that the liquid to be heated 27 remains in the house 6. Figure 1 clearly shows - and is indicated with arrows - that the liquid to be heated 27 enters the house in the middle of the other house panel 12. The heated liquid 7 exits the cavitation equipment 1 through the house panel 18. Figure 1 shows the partial section of the cavitation body 2 with the bores 22 on it. The constricting form 4 - an important feature of the invention - is also shown on Figure 1 , which form creates the constricting gap 5. Figures 3 and 3 a show the A- A section of the cavitation equipment 1, and Figure 4 shows the equipment from the outside. Figure 3 a clearly shows the cavitation step 3 and the constricting gap 5 created by the constricting form 4 presented on Figure 1. Figure 5 shows the creation and growth of the vacuum bubbles 25 until they reach the cavitation step 3, and the exploding vacuum bubbles 26 are also indicated symbolically. The drawing is merely symbolic and indicates the growth of the otherwise invisible vacuum among the streched molecules. In the bores 22 of the rotating cavitation body 2, the vacuum bubbles 25 are created among the molecules and surrounded by the liquid to be heated 27; the bubbles do not actually explode but crash, when they reach the cavitation step 3. Figure 5 symbolically shows the exploding vacuum bubble 26 as well.

Figure 6 shows the cavitation equipment 1 integrated with the driving engine 10 and fitted with input pipe-stubs 16 and output pipe-stub 15.

Figures 7 and 8 show an advantageous embodiment of the invention, where the cavitation body 2 is installed into a cavitation ring 8. Similarly to Figures 1 and 2, these figures show sections and perspective pictures of the cavitation equipment 1. In this case, the cavitation ring 8 must be fixed and driven. In this case, the cavitation ring 8, with the obturator ring 14 and the holding screws 30, is held by the deep notched ball bearing 13 used to fix the cavitation body 2, and the cavitation ring 8 is rotated by the other shaft 19 and the other engine 17.

Figures 9 and 9a show the cavitation step 3 installed, according to our invention, on the internal cloak 9 of the cavitation ring 8, and the free constricting gap 5 between the external cloak 20 of the cavitation body 2 and the internal cloak 9 of the cavitation ring 8. These figures also show the additional cavitational step 28 installed on the internal cloak 24 of the house ring 23, and the free constricting gap 5 between the external cloak 21 of the cavitation ring 8 and the internal cloak 24 of the house ring 23. Figure 9 clearly shows the bores 22 on the external cloak 20 of the cavitation body 2 and on the external cloak 21 of the cavitation ring 8. Similarly to Figure 5, Figure 10 shows the growth of the otherwise invisible vacuum bubbles 25 between the molecules, the exploding vacuum bubbles 26 upon explosion after reaching the additional cavitational step 28. This Figure, however, does not indicate - as already presented on Figure 5 - the creation of the vacuum bubbles 25 on the cavitation body 2. Figure 10 also shows the rotation direction of the driving engine 10 and of the other engine 17.

It is possible to heat liquids with the cavitation body 2 and the cavitation ring 8 rotating in the same direction, but, in such cases, the constricting form 4 must be installed in the same rotation direction with that of the cavitation step 3, and the speed of the cavitation body 2 must be higher than that of the cavitation ring 8.

Figure 11 shows the cavitation equipment 1 with the driving engine 10 and shaft 1 1 located next to the house panel 18, and with the other engine 17 and other shaft 19 located next to the other house panel 12. The liquid to be heated 27 enters the cavitation equipment 1 through the input pipe-stub 16, and the heated liquid 7 exits through the output pipe-stub 15 for external use. According to our procedure, we rotate the cavitation body 2 placed into the house 6 with the driving engine 10, and, in the case of the cavitation ring 8, we also rotate the cavitation ring 8 with the other engine 17. During rotation, we inject the liquid to be heated 27 into the house 6 through the input pipe-stub 16. With the help of the rotation, we create continuously growing vacuum bubbles 25 among the liquid molecules in the bores of the cavitation body 2 and - if any - in the bores of the cavitation ring 8. It must be emphasised that these vacuum bubble 25 are invisible and are indicated on the Figures for symbolic purposes, only to show how the size of the vacuum among the molecules grows until the vacuum bubble 25 reaches the cavitation step 3 and crashes. This process is controlled, on the one hand, even before constructing the cavitation equipment, by designing the constricting form 4 and determining its width and location, and, on the other hand, during operation by controlling continuously or periodically the driving engine, and by changing the speed of the other engine 17, if any. The liquid to be heated 27 is otherwise continuously flowing through the constricting gaps 5, and the vacuum bubbles 25 are crashed in the expanding liquid after passing the constricting gap 5, while, upon the crash, the liquid molecules, moving in opposite directions, explode. The heat generated during the explosion is absorbed by the surrounding liquid, and the heated liquid 7 is extracted through the output pipe-stub 15.

It is the advantage of the cavitation equipment according to the invention, that we successfully eliminated the harmful effects of the cavitation phenomenon by using flow channels designed for the liquid to be heated and by using the procedure for the operation of the equipment; thus the house of the equipment may be made of plastic, and the rotating parts may be made of aluminium alloys. The advantages also include that there is no cavitational noise, or the noise is softer than that of the driving engines.