Technical Field

The present disclosure relates to mechanical engineering field associated with a burner, particularly a burner for ceramic industry.

Background

Furnaces generally consist of a structure as a combustion chamber to generate heat used for various activities. In order to have combustion, it needs 3 main factors: 1) fuel, which necessitates generating fire, typically in the form of gas. 2) air or oxygen that aids in combustion 3) sufficient heat to cause a fire or sparks. The furnace has a tube or channel to introduce fuel and oxygen into the furnace and an apparatus to generate a spark in order to make the flame or fire. The position within a furnace where the combinations of all these three factors coexist simultaneously is a combustion head.

In order to burn most efficiently, it needs to appropriately control three important aspects: 1 ) temperature 2) time and 3) agitation. This means that, in order to burn most efficiently, it needs three factors of fuel, air, and heat to mix together appropriately. Also, it needs to combine at sufficiently long duration to completely generate the combustion.

WO201 1 120597 patent application discloses a furnace, which is configured to have a long cylindrical design. Within said furnace, there are supplying channels of fuel and air towards one end, which the point where a channel for fuel and air coexist is a combustion head, which is also equipped with a sparker. The combustion head according to this patent application is a circular disk. One edge is grooved to be an air passage (notch). The center is drilled to facilitate an assembly of a fuel nozzle and a through seat to couple with a sparkler that extends out. Although this aforementioned invention has been further developed from previous combustion head in terms of creating a hole around a fuel nozzle (slots and holes) to increase combustion efficiency, this invention possesses a limitation in terms of service life. That is, after certain period of time after use, the combustion efficiency decreases due to a blockage of burning soot or tar sticking around the gaps, both through the air passage and around the fuel nozzle. This results in unworkability of the combustion head and needs a replacement. Typically, one ceramic furnace has approximately 100 combustion heads. This causes huge amount of investment in changing combustion heads per one furnace.

Additionally, a blockage of burning debris, soot or tar causes insufficient air flow for combustion, results in undesirable air pollution due to an incomplete combustion and decreased heat produced, which is not sufficient for burning ceramic tile. One solution to this problem is to increase oxygen amount for combustion. Not only using higher pressure, it also has excess oxygen, not consumed during the combustion. This leads to higher operating cost. Moreover, excess oxygen will also circulate in an inappropriate direction, causing an incomplete combustion and unavoidable blockage of burning debris, soot or tar. Summary of the Invention

The present invention discloses a combustion head comprising a base (10), a primary opening (20), a fuel nozzle (40), wherein the base (10) is a base structure of the combustion head. The primary opening (20) is an opening located at the rim of the base (10). The fuel nozzle (40) is located at the middle of the base (10) having a fuel distributor hole (42) as a fuel exit for the fuel passing through the base (10), characterized in that said fuel distributor hole (42) is perforated in an inclined manner of 10-80 degree respective to a perpendicular plane and further comprising an auxiliary opening (30), which is an opening located at the rim of the base (10). The size of said auxiliary opening (30) is smaller than the primary opening (20). The present disclosure aims to improve an efficiency of a combustion head by ensuring an increased flow of air and fuel to be mixed in a sufficiently long time for a complete combustion. The present disclosure has an advantage of no or reduced blockage of burning debris, soot or tar caused by incomplete combustion. This will increase service life of the combustion head, reduce investment cost for replacing with new combustion head, decrease oxygen and fuel required to feed in a furnace, which in turn decrease an operating cost, generate uniform and sufficient heat for a complete tile burn.

Brief Description of Drawings

Figure 1 A perspective view of a combustion head according to the present disclosure Figure 2 A side view of a combustion head according to the present disclosure Figure 3 A perspective view illustrating the base and the fuel nozzle of the combustion head

Figure 4 A perspective view of a fuel nozzle sectioned in the plane of fuel distributor hole (42)

Figure 5 A front view of the combustion head

Figure 6 A perspective view of the base sectioned in half

Detailed Description

As shown in Figure 1, a combustion head comprises of comprising a base (10), a primary opening (20), an auxiliary opening (30), and a fuel nozzle (40).

The base (10) is a base structure of the combustion head having openings for a flow of air and fuel, and a sparker portion to cause fire. The base (10) is in a circular shape within a furnace for partially close a passage of air and has openings for air flow.

The base (10) is defined to be an inlet base (12) and an exit base (14), wherein the inlet base (12) is a base plane of the base (10), where air and fuel enter the base (10), while the exit base (14) is a base plane of the base (10), where air and fuel exit the base (10). As shown in figure 2 as a representative example (but does not limit to this embodiment), the left side of the base (10) is the inlet base (12). The right side of the base (10) is the exit base (14), considered from a direction of a fuel nozzle (40).

The middle of the base (10) comprises of the fuel nozzle (40) being an extending portion from the base (10) located at the exit base (14). The fuel nozzle (40) may be cast in a single piece or separated piece with the base (10). In a representative embodiment, the base (10) has a middle hole and the fuel nozzle (40) has an extending portion corresponding to the size of the hole of the base (10) to ascertain a well-fitted insertion as shown in Fig. 3.

Fuel is introduced from the inlet base (12) to the fuel nozzle (40), which is hollow or is designed as a channel for fuel flow. Fuel flows out from the fuel nozzle (40) at the location of the fuel distributor hole (42), which is a fuel exit located around the middle of the fuel nozzle (40). In a preferred embodiment, the fuel nozzle (40) is in a cylindrical shape placed in a manner that a sectional plane of the cylindrical shape parallel to the base (10). There is a plurality of the fuel distributor hole (42), perforated perpendicular to the plane, and located around the surface area of the cylindrical shape along its height. However, in order to increase an efficiency of fuel distribution, the fuel distributor hole (42) is perforated in an inclined manner of 10-80 degree respective to a perpendicular plane as shown in Fig. 4 so as to cause a fuel distribution in a rotating manner, thereby a better or enhanced mixing with air.

The primary opening (20) is an opening from the inlet base (12) towards the exit base (14) in the position where the rim of the base (10) allows the air flow through the base (10). In one embodiment, the primary opening (20) is configured to be a rectangular shape. Additionally, the primary opening (20) is notched in an inclined manner of 30-60 degree respective to a perpendicular plane of the inlet base (12) or the exit base (14). As shown in Fig. 2, the primary opening (20) has different height between the side of the inlet base (12) and the exit base (14). In a preferred embodiment, the inclination is 45 degree to increase air-fuel mixing. ^'

Not only that the primary opening (20) located at the inlet base (12) towards the exit base (14) is notched to incline at 30-60 degree, but the size of the primary opening (20) at the inlet base (12) is also larger than the primary opening (20) at the exit base (14), which increase the efficiency in compression of air to exit at the exit base (14) by having faster speed, to thereby increase air-fuel mixing.

The auxiliary opening (30) is a hole at the rim of the base (10) as shown in Fig. 3. In a representative embodiment, the preferred auxiliary opening (30) is smaller than the primary opening (20). The auxiliary opening (30) acts to cause air to flow the base (10) similarly to the, primary opening (20). However, if there is only the large primary opening (20), the base is not strong enough. On the contrary, if there is only the small primary opening (20), it reduces the cross-sectional area of air-fuel mixing flow.

The appropriate ratio of a cross-sectional area of the primary opening (20) to a cross-sectional area of the auxiliary opening (30) is 30: 1 - 5: 1, more particularly 15: 1 to 8: 1. For instance, if the primary opening (20) has a cross-sectional area of 10 centimeter 2

square (cm ), the auxiliary opening (30) has a cross-sectional area of 1 centimeter square (cm ² ).

As shown in Fig. 5, the burner head has 6 of primary opening (20) and 12 of the auxiliary opening (30). Between each of the adjacent primary opening (20), there are 2 auxiliary openings (30) to suitably position to have many holes at the rim side while maintaining the integrity or strength of the base (10). Preferably, the number of primary opening (20) ¾nd the auxiliary opening (30) are 4-8 openings and 8-16 opening, respectively. However, the number of primary opening (20) and the auxiliary opening (30) may differ depending upon a configuration and a size of the base (10). To ensure the air flow efficiency, the auxiliary opening (30) is notched 30-60 degree respective to the perpendicular plane of the inlet base (12) and the exit base (14), preferably at 45 degree or equivalent to the inclination of the primary opening (20).

As shown in Fig. 6, the combustion head further comprises of an air distributing hole (50), which is an opening locating at the middle around the fuel nozzle (40), acting as an air passage way. In a preferred embodiment, the air distributing hole (50) is inclined 10- 80 degree respective to the perpendicular plane of the inlet base (12) and the exit base (14).

In a preferred embodiment, the relationship between an inclination of the primary opening (20), the auxiliary opening (30), the fuel distributor hole (42), and the air distributing hole (50) is that the primary opening (20), the auxiliary opening (30) and the air distributing hole (50) is inclined in the same direction while c these three holes. This is to ensure the same air flow direction in each opening while, at the same time, flow in an opposite direction to the fuel exiting from the fuel distributor hole (42), thereby causing good air-fuel mixing and better combustion.

A sparker is in a rod-shaped, generating a spark for combustion. Generally, it is an electrode. The location of the sparker is inserted at the combustion head at the insertion socket (60) in a way that the side to generate spark is at the exit base (14) at the location of the insertion socket (60) next to the rim side.

The combustion head is operated by rotating the axis of the air chamber within a furnace. The air is introduced from the inlet base (12) passing through the primary opening (20), the auxiliary opening (30), and the air distributing hole (50). The air flows out from the exit base (14) will circulate around the fuel nozzle (40). Simultaneously, the fuel is injected from the fuel distributor hole (42) in an inclined manner opposite to other openings where air flows in. This will cause an increase mixing of fuel-air at the time when an electrode at the insertion socket generates a spark, which is when the three factors: heat, fuel, air exist to generate combustion energy to the furnace.