FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to the field of composite framing and walls, and more particularly to the field of composite framing that may use a pre-welded steel bars net that supports the reinforcing steel bars of the wall.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Composite framing is known. Typically, the composite framing enables to build walls in a quick and efficient manner. The molds are flat thereby enabling to assure that the produced wall will have a flat face. The composite framing forms a part of the final wall thereby eliminating the need to use collapsible molds and a lot of time is saved, which otherwise would have been used for building casts and molds.

One of the largest manufacturers of composite framing and walls is

AFS® walling solutions. Information regarding the company and its products may be found in the company's web site at: ww .afswall .com.au. The two main products regarding composite walls are: LOGICWALL® and REDIWALL®. As can be seen, the LOGICWALL® comprises a framing of steel plate channels that are connected to each other by means of side plates that are glued to the channels thus forming a continuity of a mold for casting the wall.

The required reinforcing steel bars, i.e., the horizontal reinforcing steel bars and the vertical reinforcing steel bars, are added by inserting them through the existing holes in the steel plates. Then, the framing is closed with panels, at both sides thereof, and is ready for concrete casting. The above described structure suffers from various disadvantages. First, a pre-welded and prepared net of reinforcing steel bars cannot be used. Second, if all the reinforcing steel bars have to be connected together, they have to be manually tied or welded with each other after they were individually inserted through the existing holes in the steel plates. Such a density of location of the reinforcing steel bars, typically at horizontal and vertical distances of 10cm or 20cm from each other is a very difficult task to accomplish, and, furthermore, it should be done prior to closing the framing with panels, at both sides thereof, a stage that is typically done at the factory and not on site.

Third, the above described difficulties force to use expensive edge solutions that are un-efficient and unusual in many countries where their building standards do not allow allocating of reinforcing steel bars at lower densities than those described above.

Fourth, since a pre-welded and prepared net of reinforcing steel bars, which is typically stronger than any other polygonal steel that is used for building, cannot be used, the cost of the reinforcing steel bars becomes higher due to the stronger bars required, the labor used for tying the bars together, and, the higher intensity of bars that is needed.

US2012/0233950 to Carr et al. discloses a concrete wall that includes spacers 10 which are located between two spaced apart panels. The spacers support reinforcing steel bars. The spacers have an open end and their bodies are tapered so that the spacers are stackable. The spacers are provided with holes 24 that enable inserting therethrough vertical reinforcing steel bars 42 and horizontal reinforcing steel bars 44, as well as other elements, such as electrical conductors.

The structure described in '950 suffers from the disadvantages that a pre-welded and prepared net of reinforcing steel bars cannot be used, and, if all the reinforcing steel bars have to be connected together, they have to be manually tied or welded with each other after they were individually inserted through the existing holes 24 in the spacer, a task that is great time consuming and very difficult to accomplish or even impossible due to the restricted accessibility to the connection point between two reinforcing steel bars within a given spacer.

US 4,033,544 to Johnston discloses a mold 10 used for building walls by a concrete cast. The mold includes two panels 12 that are spaced away from each other and creating a spacing 14 therebetween into which concrete is cast. Each panel includes a sheathing 16 connected to a plurality of studs 18 which are secured to strongbacks 20. Also this structure suffers from the disadvantages described above.

US 4,832,308 to Slonimsky et al. discloses a panel 10 for casting a concrete wall. The panel includes two spaced apart side rails 12 and two end rails 14 connecting therebetween. Each rail includes an intermediate web section 16, an outwardly extending flange section 18, and a bolt slot structure 20. An outer structural sheet 22, preferably made of metal, and most preferably made of aluminum, and an inner sheet 24 preferably made of plywood, contribute to the strength and stiffness of the structure. Supporting core means 32 made of aluminum and horizontally located have a trapeze cross-section and serve as a core that supports the plywood. Also this structure suffers from the disadvantages described above.

US 7,254,925 to Stefanutti et al. discloses a composite wall assembly 10. The wall includes concrete 46 that is insulated by panels. Vertical studs 12 are held by angle strip cross members 14, 16, 18, 20. The vertical studs include a plurality of apertures 32 in which are inserted horizontal reinforcing steel bars 34. This patent does not include spacers for holding vertical reinforcing steel bars. Furthermore, the '925 patent suffers from the disadvantages described above. US 4,312, 166 to Mock discloses a wall structure including polymeric panels. The panels are trapezoidal and include a retained flange 44 that is forcibly inserted into an edge 40. The connection is made such that after being assembled together all the parts form a single piece.

US 3,884,444 to Dashew discloses a system for applying a desired texture to a concrete wall, for example, trapezoidal, as shown in the figures. The structure includes supporting wooden plates 12, that are separately held (not shown), and are capable to withstand the pressure of the casted concrete 13. The formed structure 14 includes plates that are connected to each other and are reinforced to the wooden plates.

Except the trapezoidal form obtained by this structure, there is no reference of supporting a reinforcing steel bars net. US 3,664,630 to Maynen at al. discloses, similar to US 3,884,444, a system for applying a desired texture to a concrete wall. The wavy texture is obtained by plastic plates that are consecutively connected to each other. Also here, except to the form of wall obtained by this structure, there is no reference of supporting a reinforcing steel bars net.

It is the object of the present invention to provide a composite framing and wall that substantially reduces or overcomes the aforementioned disadvantages.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide a composite framing that enables using a pre-welded and prepared reinforcing steel bars net.

It is still a further object of the present invention to provide a composite framing that enables using either a 10X10cm or a 20X20cm apertures of a reinforcing steel bars net.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a composite framing that enables to use an entire pre-welded reinforcing steel bars net at both sides of the wall. It is still another object of the present invention to provide a composite framing that can be efficiently and economically shipped.

It is also an object of the present invention to provide a composite framing that can be easily erected on site.

It is yet an object of the present invention to provide a composite framing that can save up to 7% in overlapping of reinforcing steel bars net.

It is still yet another object of the present invention to provide a composite framing that enables using transparent boards in order to check the reinforcing steel bars net prior to casting and to verify that the casted concrete reaches the entire volume of the mold.

It is also an object of the present invention to provide a composite framing item that can be hanged on a reinforcing steel structure, serve as a spacer to the reinforcing steel bars net, and, serve as a base to sheath plates that are connected to the item and form a part of the casted wall.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention discloses a steel plate that is bent to a trapezoidal shape to form unified spacing that enables using either a 10X10cm or a 20X20cm apertures of a reinforcing steel bars net. The trapezoidal profile includes reinforcing steel bars support apertures.

When the trapezoidal profiles are placed in position, a pre-welded and prepared reinforcing steel bars net is hanged on the support apertures, and then, typically cement boards are placed from both sides and the mold is ready for casting concrete thereinto.

Since the pre-welded net embodies larger overall strength compared to a similar structure formed from single bars that are tied together, the use of a pre- welded net may save up to 7% of the overall steel weight required for building a given concrete wall. The trapezoidal shape for supporting the reinforcing steel bars net may be obtained also by a common light steel bars net that is bent to the desired shape.

According to the present invention there is provided a composite framing for enabling casting of concrete into a mold that forms an integral part of a casted wall, wherein

the composite framing supports a standard pre-welded reinforcing steel bars net.

According to some embodiments, the reinforcing steel bars net is a standard 10X10 cm steel bars net.

According to other embodiments, the reinforcing steel bars net is a standard 20X20 cm steel bars net.

Advantageously, the reinforcing steel bars net is supported by a steel plate, wherein

the steel plate is bent into a wave shape, as seen in an upper view thereof, such that it comprises at both sides thereof a plurality of spaced apart and parallel flat surfaces, and

the steel plate comprises a plurality of support holes for supporting the reinforcing steel bars net.

Typically, each of the support holes comprises a support bottom that is located lower than a lower edge of an opening of the support hole.

If desired, the composite framing comprises a steel plate having a plurality of support holes, each of the support holes has a support bottom that is located higher than an upper edge of an opening of the support hole,

the steel plate is hanged on the reinforcing steel bars net, and

a flat surface of the steel plate serves for attaching thereon sheath plates of the composite framing.

Advantageously, the mold comprises external sheath plates that form an integral part of the cast wall.

According to some embodiments, the reinforcing steel bars net is supported by a pre-welded light steel net. Typically, the pre-welded light steel net is bent into a wave shape, as seen in an upper view thereof, such that in contains a plurality of spaced apart and substantially parallel portions of a light horizontal bar.

If desired, a steel stripe having a stripe front flat surface is hanged on the light horizontal bars of the pre-welded light steel net by an indentation formed in the steel stripe.

Necessarily, the indentation is formed such that the stripe front flat surface is located forwardly with respect to the light horizontal bar that is positioned within the indentation.

Advantageously, a horizontal bar of the reinforcing steel bars net abuts against a light vertical bar of the pre-welded light steel net thus assuring the adequate distance of the reinforcing steel bars net from the outer surface of the casted concrete.

Further advantageously, sheath plates are glued to the flat surfaces of the steel plate or of the steel stripe and secured thereto by means of screws that form an integral portion of the casted wall, and

upon casting the concrete, the sheath plates form an integral part of the casted wall.

If desired, the sheath plates may be formed from cement board, steel plate, fiberglass, transparent fiberglass, polycarbonate, transparent polycarbonate, or the like.

In some embodiments, the casted wall is covered with stones, each of the stones has a longitudinally extending slit in an upper and lower portions of the stone for receiving therein a head of an anchor that forms an integral part of the casted wall.

If desired, the steel plate is provided with large through holes for enabling to concrete to pass to both sides of the steel plate.

Advantageously, when the composite framing is used in a position where a constructional column or a constructional beam are to be located, then, a pre- welded light steel net may be used as a substitute to the commonly used column rings, whether they are welded or not, wherein the distance between the bars of the light net is chosen according to design needs.

Typically, a supplementary reference frame is added at the bottom portion of the composite framing in order to enable fixing thereon sheath plates for closing front and rear sides of the composite framing prior to casting.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

For a better understanding of the present invention and to show how the same may be carried out in practice, reference will now be made to the accompanying drawings, in which:

Fig. 1 is a perspective partial view of a composite framing according to the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a plan view of a portion of the steel plate of Fig. 1 prior to bending;

Fig. 3 is a perspective view of another use of the composite framing according to the present invention;

Fig. 4 is a side view of the steel plate and horizontal bars shown in Fig.

3;

Fig. 5 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the composite framing of the present invention; and

Fig. 6 is a side view of the composite framing of Fig. 5.

DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Attention is first drawn to Fig. 2 that shows a steel plate 10 prior to bending. For a matter of simplicity, only one section of the steel plate 10 is shown, however, it should be understood, that the steel plate 10 further extends to both directions, i.e., lengthwise and widthwise.

It should be noted that directional terms appearing throughout the specification and claims, e.g. "forward", "rear", "upper", "lower" etc., are used as terms of convenience to distinguish the location of various surfaces relative to each other. These terms are defined with reference to the figures, however, they are used for illustrative purposes only, and are not intended to limit the scope of the appended claims.

The steel plate 10 comprises an array of linearly arranged through holes 12 that are typically produced by a punching process. The through holes 12 are typically large and enable to concrete to pass therethrough during casting, as will be later described. According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, each of the through holes 12 has a width W of 85mm and a height H of 60mm.

The majority of the through holes 12 are distanced a first distance LI therebetween. According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the first distance LI is 40mm. A small portion of the through holes 12 are distanced a second distance L2 therebetween (not shown in the figures) in order to enable local strengthening of the steel plate 10. Typically, the second distance L2 is much larger than the first distance LI. According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the second distance L2 is 140mm.

The steel plate 10 further comprises an array of linearly arranged and equally spaced support holes 14. Typically, the support holes 14 are made by punching, however, other manufacturing techniques may be equally applicable. Each support hole 14 is provided with a hole opening HO for enabling of passing therethrough a thickness T of a required steel reinforcing bar 16. Typically, the thickness T is in the range of 6mm to 10mm, however, larger or smaller gauge reinforcing steel bars may be used if necessary, for example, steel bars from 4mm to 18mm may be used. Typically, the hole opening HO is 10mm to 25mm. According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the hole opening HO is 15mm.

Each support hole 14 is further provided with a support bottom 18 that is capable of receiving therein the steel reinforcing bar 16. When the steel plate 10 is in a vertical position, as shown in Fig. 2, the support bottom 18 is located lower than a lower edge 20 of the hole opening HO by a distance of support depth SD that, according to a specific embodiment of the present invention, is 15mm. As can be appreciated by a person skilled in the art, the support hole 14 is made such that a steel reinforcing bar 16 can be easily and efficiently inserted thereinto, and then, can be properly, steadily and accurately maintained in position.

Attention is now drawn to Fig. 1 that partially shows a composite framing 22 according to the present invention. In continuation to the process of punching the steel plate 10 with the through holes 12 and with the support holes 14, the steel plate 10 is bent into a trapezoidal wave shape (or, a "W" shape) as can be seen in an upper view thereof. Thus, the steel plate 10, typically having a thickness between 0.6mm and 1.5mm, serves also as a constructive element of the composite wall that will be eventually erected in the end of the process. The thickness of the steel plate 10 depends on the thickness of wall that is to be casted and on the wall height that should be casted in a single casting.

The trapezoidal wave shape of the steel plate 10 is formed from parallel flat surfaces 24 that are connected by slanted surfaces 26 therebetween. Thus, the bent steel plate 10 comprises two sets of parallel and coplanar flat surfaces 24. For a matter of distinguishing the relative directions, a first set of flat surfaces 24 is seen on a front side 28 of the composite framing 22, and, a second set of flat surfaces 24 is seen on a rear side 30 of the composite framing 22.

Each of the front side 28 and the rear side 30 of the composite framing 22 is open to an array of support holes 14. In each side of the composite framing 22, according to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the support holes 14 have a vertical distance VD therebetween of 100mm, and, a horizontal distance HD therebetween of 200mm.

At this stage, any side, whether the front side 28 or the rear side 30 of the composite framing 22, or, both sides of the composite framing 22, may retain a pre-welded reinforcing steel bars net 32, which, for a matter of simplicity, will hereinafter be called "net". The assembly of the net 32 onto the steel plate 10 is very easy. The net 32 is placed in front of the required side of the steel plate 10, at the required height, such that a horizontal bar 34 of the net 32 is opposite to a hole opening HO of a support hole 14, and, a vertical bar 36 of the net 32 lies freely between two adjacent flat surfaces 24 of adjacent "waves" of the trapezoidal wave shape of the steel plate 10.

Since the net 32 that is used is a 10X10cm or a 20X20cm net, and since all the support holes 14 are equally spaced apart, vertically and horizontally, as explained above, thereby all the horizontal bars 34 of the net 32 are opposite to a hole opening HO of a support hole 14, and, all the vertical bars 36 of the net 32 lie freely between two adjacent flat surfaces 24 as explained above.

At this stage, the net 32 is simply pushed into the steel plate 10 and left. Thus, all the horizontal bars 34 of the net 32 enter into a support hole 14 and then rest on the support bottom 18 of that given support hole 14. It can be appreciated by a person skilled in the art that the same result is obtained when using either a 10X10cm net or a 20X20cm net. In a side view of the bent steel plate 10, a rear end 19 of a support hole 14 is distanced 30mm from the flat surface 24. This feature assures that after casting concrete into the composite framing 22, the entire net 32 will be covered with concrete and its entirety will be located at the proper distance from the external face of the casted wall.

Now, after the required net 32 has been put in place, or, if a net is not necessary at a given side of the composite framing 22, the given side is covered with a sheath plate 38 made of cement board, steel plate, fiberglass, polycarbonate or the like. The sheath plate 38 is attached to the steel plate 10 by applying an adequate glue (such as an "MS Polymer®" or the like) to all of the flat surfaces 24, at the entirety thereof, of the steel plate 10 at that given side. In order to assure that the sheath plates 38 will not move until final drying and hardening of the glue, the sheath plates 38 are tightened to the steel plate 10 by means of a few screws that are drilled through the sheath plates 38 and through the steel plate 10. The screws remained screwed also during the casting process and thereby they form an integral part of the casted wall. Since the glue was applied to the entirety of all the surfaces that come in contact with the sheath plates 38, it assures maximal strain dispersing and thereby minimal strain applied on the sheath plates 38.

When two steel plates 10 have to be connected together, they have overlapping sections that assure continuity in the plate and in the pattern, shape and dimensions. Furthermore, each of the steel plates 10 is connected to a sheath plate 38 as explained above.

When both sides of the steel plate 10 are covered with sheath plates 38, the composite framing 22 is ready for casting concrete thereinto. The concrete is poured from above and it fills the entire volume of the mold created between the two parallel and spaced apart sheath surfaces created by the sheath plates 38. Since the planar sheath plates 38 form a part of the casted wall, the casted wall will always have a smooth and planar outer face.

In some cases, when it is desired to verify the correct positioning of the reinforcing steel bars as well as the assurance that the casted concrete fills the entire space of the mold, one or two sides of the composite framing 22 may be covered by a transparent sheath plate 38 that may be formed from transparent polycarbonate, transparent fiberglass, or the like.

Thus, by the method described above, any geometrical shape of a horizontal cross-section of a casted concrete wall may be formed, and, the addition of the reinforcing steel bars may be applied as described above.

It could be appreciated that the erection method described above is quick and easy to implement even by non-professionally-trained workers. Furthermore, since the basic structure that supports the net 32 is the bent steel plate 10 which is relatively light comparing to the weight of the net 32, the composite framing 22 may be regarded as a light composite framing.

Since the bent steel plates 10 are transported to the erection site as individuals and not as a part of a pre-cast wall, as is common in the art, they occupy much smaller volume, they are easier transported, and reduce the cost of transportation. Another embodiment of the invention is shown in Figs. 3 and 4. In this embodiment, the steel plate 10, in this case having a "U" shape in an upper view thereof, is positioned "upside down" comparing to the embodiment shown in Figs. 1 and 2. This means that the support bottom 18 of each support hole 14 is located higher than the hole opening.

In this orientation, the steel plate 10 is hanged on the horizontal bars 34 of a net 32 that forms a part of a whole reinforcing steel structure that should be closed at its sides prior to casting. Now, sheath plate 38 is glued to the flat surface 24 as described above and the composite framing is ready for casting, providing quick and efficient closing of the side of the reinforcing steel structure by sheath plates 38 thus providing smooth and flat face of the casted wall and eliminating the need to build a collapsible wall closing that should be erected by trained personnel, since the sheath plates 38 form a part of the casted wall.

As described above, the structure of the support holes 14 is such that it is guaranteed that the net 32 in its entirety will be covered with concrete, and, the net 32 will be positioned at the appropriate distance from the finished wall face.

Another embodiment of the invention is shown in Figs. 5 and 6. In this embodiment, the function of the steel plate 10 is replaced by a pre-welded light steel net 40, which will be hereinafter called "light net" 40 for a matter of simplicity. The light net 40 is bent into a trapezoidal wave shape (or, a "W" shape) as can be seen in an upper view thereof. The light net 40 comprises a plurality of equally spaced apart and horizontally positioned light steel bars 42 of a small diameter that are bent into the "W" shape, and, a plurality of light vertical bars 44 that are straight and welded to the horizontal bars 42.

The pre-welded reinforcing steel bar net 32 is placed on the light net 40 such that each horizontal bar 34 of the net 32 rests on a light horizontal bar 42 and abuts against a light vertical bar 44. In this manner it is assured that the net 32 will be covered with concrete in its entirety during casting, and, it will be positioned in the exact required distance from the wall surface. In order to enable the gluing of the sheath plates 38 to the composite framing 22, an assisting steel stripe 46 is inserted vertically into the light net 40. In order to verify that a stripe front flat surface 48 of the steel stripe 46 will always be located forwardly to the light net 40, a plurality of indentations 50 are produced within the steel stripe 46 at constant intervals. The indentation 50 serves two purposes; (a) supporting the steel stripe 46 when hanged on the light net 40, and, (b) assuring that the light horizontal bar 42 of the light net 40 will be inwardly located with respect to the stripe front flat surface 48.

Typically, the sides 52 of the steel stripe 46 are inwardly bent in order to create rigidity of the steel stripe 46. According to one embodiment, the sides 52 of the steel stripe 46 are parallel to each other. According to another embodiment, the sides 52 of the steel stripe 46 are inwardly diverging in a manner that corresponds with the shape of the light horizontal bar 42 as seen in an upper view thereof, thus assuring better fit between the steel stripe 46 and the light net 40.

From this point forward, the use of the composite framing 22 is similar to the use described above, i.e., gluing the stripe front flat surfaces 48, attaching sheath plates 38 on the stripe front flat surfaces 48, securing the sheath plates 38 by screws to the steel stripes 46, and, casting the concrete into the composite framing 22.

Thus, as described above, the composite framing according to the present invention enables to cast concrete into a mold that forms an integral part of a casted wall, wherein the composite framing is capable of supporting a pre-welded reinforcing steel bars net.

When the composite framing 22 has to be used in a position where a construction column (not shown in the figures) or a small sized beam is to be located, then, a pre-welded light steel net may be used as a substitute to the commonly used column rings, whether they are welded or not, wherein the distance between the bars of the light net is chosen according to design needs. In addition, a supplementary reference frame, typically distanced therefrom a 3cm distance, is added in order to enable fixing thereon the sheath plates for closing the front and rear sides of the composite framing prior to casting.

As can be understood from the above description, the present invention avoids the need to construct and use collapsible molds for casting a concrete wall. Thus, the composite framing is capable to support a pre-welded reinforcing steel bars net, whether the net is of a standard size or not, or, if discrete reinforcing steel bars have to be used, and the net is located at the correct positioned at the required distance from the face of the casted concrete without the need to use and connect commonly used spacers.

Furthermore, the use of the sheath plates for closing the mold prior to casting, wherein the sheath plates form an integral part of the casted wall, adds the following advantages; (a) it avoids the need to construct the molds by well- trained-personnel, (b) it avoids the need to disassemble the mold after the concrete has been cured, (c) it enables to use transparent sheath plates for inspecting the composite framing prior to casting the concrete, and, (d) it provides flat and smooth outer surface of the casted wall, wherein it can then be directly painted, plastered, or the like.

Although the present invention has been described to a certain degree of particularity, it should be understood that various alterations and modifications could be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention as hereinafter claimed.

For example, the trapezoidal shape does not have to be formed from a steel plate and other materials may be equally applicable, e.g., fiberglass, or the like.

The composite framing does not have to include a separate support structure that supports a pre-welded reinforcing steel bars net. According to other embodiments, the reinforcing steel bars net forms a part of the support structure.

The composite framing does not have to include a pre-welded reinforcing steel bars net. Thus, if desired, separate reinforcing steel bars may be used and then they should be manually tied together. Furthermore, this solution may be applied together with a pre-welded reinforcing steel bars net where, e.g., higher gauge steel bars are added, in addition to the use of a common net.

When it is required to cover the casted wall with stone, the stones are glued and anchored to the sheath plates 38 and to the steel plates 10 prior to casting, and, the anchors form a part of the casted concrete, thus assuring better strength and durability of the stone covering. According to some embodiments, the covering stones are provides with a longitudinally extending slit in the upper and lower sides thereof. Thus, each anchor's head is placed within the slits from above and below, thereby providing perfect fit of the stones with the wall and assuring that they could never fall since their anchors are now forming an integral part of the casted wall.

The support hole does not have to include a support bottom and a support depth that enables "lowering" of the net bars within the support hole. Alternatively, the support hole may be "straight" and just enabling to a reinforcing steel bar to be received therein. The support hole, as seen in a side view thereof, may be horizontal, or, slanted inwardly, thus assuring a stable seating of the steel bar within the support hole. The shape of the support hole, as seen in a plan view of the steel plate prior to its bending, may be as desired, like square, round, and the like.

The steel plate does not have to be "W" shaped in a top view thereof, as can be appreciated in Fig. 1. Alternatively, the steel plate may be formed in any other wavy or sequential form, such as a "U" shape, a round shape, or the like, providing that it includes a support hole for receiving therein a bar of a reinforcing steel bars net. Despite the shape of the steel plate, it should be provided with surfaces, which according to the described embodiment are flat, for gluing thereto the sheath plates.

The flat surfaces 24 as described above do not have to be smooth. Alternatively, the flat surfaces may be textures, rough, or knurled, thus enabling better adhesion with the glue. In the same manner, also the slanted surfaces may be knurled to enabling better attachment with the poured concrete.

The embodiments shown in Figs. 3 and 4 could be modified to serve as an "end" element to walls and columns.

The standard pre-welded reinforcing steel bars net (32) does not have to be of 10X10 cm or 20X20 cm apertures and other apertures may be equally applied, mutatis mutandis.