09/086,984, fiied May 29,1998, the contents of which is herein incorporated by reference.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION : The invention relates to compositions having a nutritionally beneficial substituent and a substituent that stimulates a short and/or long term psychological feedback and to vehicles or devices that accomplish the delivery of the nutritionally beneficial substituent to a recipient.

The invention particularly concerns compositions for oral or translingual delivery using <BR> <BR> <BR> beverages, iozenges and the like as vehicles to facilitate delivery. The invention addition ? lly concerns the use of transdermal delivery devices (e. g., patches) to accomplish the delivery of such substituent (s). The invention particularly concerns a formulated, substantially alcool- free beverage for oral consumption having a nutritionally beneficial substituent and a substituent that stimulates psychological feedback and which accomplishes the oral delivery of the nutritionally beneficial substituent.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION: For many individuals, adhering to a therapeutic regime or to a daily routine of nutritional supplementation is difficult; it may require a change of habit, or practices, by the consumer. More significantly, nutritional or therapeutic agents may not cause an immediately discernible effect, and, lacking this or other positive feedback, the consumer may discontinue use prematurely. The present invention is directed to this problem.

There are many examples of beverages providing nutritional supplements. U. S.

Patent 5,626,849 (Hastings et al.) concerns a composition for facilitating weight loss. The composition contains chromium, L-carnitine, y-linolenic acid, (-) hydroxycitric acid, choline, inositol, antioxidants and herbs. U. S. Patent 5,567,424 (Hastings) describes a beverage composition containing herbs, fiber, antioxidants and enzymes. U. S. Patent 5,536,506 (Majeed

etai.) describes piperine-containing compositions. U. S. Patent 5,290,605 (Shapira) concerns a nutritional soft drink whose ingredients are said to provide protection from UV damage. The composition contains a carotenoid mix and optionally, fruit/vegetabie juices and/or herba) preparations. U. S. Patent 5,240,732 (Ueda) concerns plant extract-containing beverages suppiemented with a sugar-alcohol.

Nutritional supplements having psychological feedback properties have also been <BR> <BR> described. U. S. Patents 5,681,569 (Kuznicki et al.) and (Tsai et a/.) both concem beverage compositions that contain green tea extracts. U. S. Patent 5,674,---22 (Shah et a/.) concerns a powdered concentrate containing one or more pharmacologically active agents for use in hot beverages. The composition may contain caffeine, as well as vitamins and <BR> <BR> minerais. U. S. Patent (Andon et a/.) is directed to nutritional supplements compositions that provide psychological feedback.

The disclosed compositions contain vitamins and/or minerais as well as xanthine alkaloids (such as caffeine, etc.) that provide a physiological signal. U. S. Patent 5,114,723 (Stray-Gundersen) concerns hypotonic beverages for supplying physiologically essential elec-rolytes, nutrient minerais, carbohydrates and other ingredients to a consumer. The patent discloses that caffeine may be added to the beverage formulation. U. S. Patent <BR> <BR> 4,992,282 (Mehansho et aZ) concerns vitamin and mineral-fortified beverages, which may be supplemented with caffeine. U. S. Patent 4, 612, 205 (Kupper et a/.) concerns fruit-flavored carbonated beverages that may be supplemented with caffeine. U. S. Patent 4,061,797 <BR> <BR> (Hannan, Jr. etal.) concerns non-carbonated, caffeinated fruit beverages.<BR> <BR> <P> U. S. Patent 4,737,375 (Nakel et al.) describes calcium-supplemented beverages. U. S.

Patent 4,769,244 (Lavie) describes non-hygroscopic water-soluble pulverulent compositions that may be employed to make beverages.

Compositions for accomplishing transdermal delivery of pharmaceuticals have aiso been described (see, for example, U. S. Patents 5,718,914 (Foldvari), 5,698,217 (Wilking), 5,721,257 (Baker), 5,683,713 (Blank etal.), and 4,788,189 (Giazer)).

The present invention provides an improved composition for accomplishing the delivery of nutritionally beneficial substituents. In a preferred embodiment, the present invention additionally provides an improved formulated beverage that provides at least one, and most preferably multiple, short and long term psychological feedback (s) to the consumer.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: Conventional or traditional beverages are formulated to provide extemal sensory appeal (such as taste, sight, or smell). In contrast to such compositions, the present invention provides beverages and other compositions that are formulated to provide internal appeal directly to the brain (i. e., brain rewards). The present invention thus relates to a formulated, defined composition having a nutritionally beneficial substituent and a long and/or short term substituent that stimulates psychological feedback and to venicles or devices that accomplish the delivery of the nutritionally beneficial substituent. Such preferred compositions will typically possess a nutritionally beneficial substituent and both a long term and a short term substituent that stimulates psychological feedback and which accomplishes the delivery of the nutritionally beneficial substituent. Preferred vehicles include oral and/or translingual delivery vehicles, such as beverages, elixirs, lozenges, chewabie tablets, and the like, and transdermal delivery devices such as patches, bandages, etc.

In detail, the invention provides a composition (preferably a formulated beverage (most preferably, substantially alcohol-free) for oral human consumption having a defined composition of substituents comprising: at least one nutritionally beneficial substituent (A) selected from the group consisting of: Adrenochrome Semicarbazone; S-hydroytryptophan; 5-fluoro-A- methyltryptamine; 5-fluoro-tryptophan; 6-fluorotryptophan; tryptophan; acetosalycilic acid; ibuprophen; acetominophen; alfalfa; allocryptine; beta- carotene; calcium; caffeine; theophylline; theobromine; choline; chromium picolinate; chromium polynicotinate; diadzin; diadzein; damiana; turnera diffusa; dandelion; evening primrose oil; folic acid; GABA; ginger; ginkgo biloba; ginseng; glutathione; cysteine; L-giutamine; glycine; N-acetylcysteine; L-cystine and L-methionine; S-adenosylmethionine; green tea; guarana; hops; inositol; iron; kava kava; kombucha tea; kudzu; lobelia; glutamic acid; D-phenytalanine; DL-phenylalanine; L-tyrosine; lecithin; linoleic acid; gamma- linoleic acid; magnesium; milk thistle extract (silymarin); niacin; PABA; protopine; puerarin; pyridoxal-5-phosphate; selenium; soluble fiber; St.

Johnswort; taurine; sucrose; fructose; glucose; yellow dock; zinc and zinW picolinate; and zinc polynicotinate;

the substituent being present in an amount sufficient to provide a nutritionai benefit to the human recipient; and at least one additional substituent (B) that provides traditional psychotogicat feedback selected from the group consisting of: caffeine or a caffeine equivalent; tryptophan; ephedra; cola; green tea extract; carbonic acid; phosphoric acid; citric acid; hops; cocoa; chocolate; an anandamide; quinine; malic acid; a sweetener; a fruit juice or fruit juice extract; milk; a vegetable juice or vegetable juice extract; kudzu and 5- hydroxy-tryptophan; the substituent being present in an amount sufficient to provide a sensory psychological feedback.

The invention further provides the above-indicated compositions that additionally contain at least one additional substituent (C) that provides long term psychological feedback and/or at least one additional substituent (D) that provides short term psychological feedback; wherein the substituent (C) that provides the long term psychological feedback is selected from the group consisting of: an anandamide; 5-hydroxytryptophan; 5-fluoro-A-methyltryptamine; 5- fluorotryptophan; 6-fluorotryptophan; tryptophan; allocryptine; caffeine ; theophylline; theobromine; California poppy; calcium; chromium picolinate; chromium polynicotinate; chicalote extract; cocoa; chocolate; Damiana (Tumera diffusa); DL-phenylalanine; ephedra; ephedrine; epinephrine; GABA; ginger; ginseng; L-glutamine; green tea; guarana; kava kava; lactuca virosa; L-tyrosine; lobelia; magnesium; maraba; protopine; pseudophedrine; pseudoepinephrine; pyridoxal-5-phosphate; serotonin; sucrose; fructose; glucose; high fructose corn syrup; red rice yeast; and St. Johnswort; and is present in an amount sufficient to provide a long term feeling of well-being or calmness; and the substituent (D) that provides the short term psychological feedback is selected from the group consisting of: an anandamide; an alcohol enhancer; angelica root; balm; bitter orange (Auranti pericarpium); bogbean; boldo; calamus; California poppy; capsaicum; caraway; cayenne; chamomile; cinchona bark; quinine;

chocolate; cinnamon; clove; cocoa; condurango; dandelion; elecampane; GABA; gentian; ginger; ginseng; holy thistle; hops; horehound; dried lemon peel (Citri pericardium); mugwort ; unnpe orange; peppermint; quassia; red sage; rosemary; star anise; thyme; tumeric; wormwood; yarrow; and zinc; and is present in an amount sufficient to provide a short term sensation of warmth, tingling, excitement, tranquility and well-being, or a distinctive, intense, bitter or unusual taste.

The invention additionally provides a composition for human consumption, comprising: at least one nutritionally beneficial substituent, the substituent being present in an amount sufficient to provide a nutritional benefit to the human recipient; and at least one additional substituent (C) that provides long term psychological feedback substituent or at least one additional substituent (D) that provides short term psychologicalfeedback; wherein the substituent (C) that provides the long term psychological feedback is selected from the group consisting of: an anandamide; 5-hydroxytryptophan; 5-fluoro-A-methyltryptamine; 5- fluorotryptophan; 6-fluorotryptophan; tryptophan; allocryptine; caffeine; theophylline; theobromine; California poppy; caicium; chromium picolinate; chromium polynicotinate; chicalote extract; cocoa; chocolate; Damiana (T urnera diiXusa); DL-phenylalanine; ephedra; ephedrine; epinephrine; GABA; ginger; ginseng; L-glutamine; green tea; guarana; kava kava; lactuca virosa; L-tyrosine; lobelia; magnesium; maraba; protopine; pseudophedrine; pseudoepinephrine; pyridoxal-5-phosphate; serotonin; sucrose; fructose; glucose; high fructose corn syrup; red rice yeast; and St. Johnswort; and is present in an amount sufficient to provide a long term feeling of well- being or calmness; and the substituent (D) that provides the short term psychological feedback is selected from the group consisting of: an anandamide; an alcohol enhancer; angelica root; balm; bitter orange (Auranti pericarpium); bogbean; boldo; calamus; California poppy; capsaicum; caraway; cayenne; chamomile; cinchona bark; quinine;

chocolate; cinnamon; clove; cocoa; condurango; dandelion; elecampane; GABA; gentian; ginger; ginseng; holy thistle; hops; horehound; dried lemon peel (<it77 pericardium); mugwort; unripe orange; peppermint; quassia; red sage; rosemary; star anise; thyme; tumeric; wormwood; yarrow; and zinc; and is present in an amount sufficient to provide a short term sensation of warmth, tingling, excitement, tranquiiity and well-being, or a distinctive, intense, bitter or unusual taste.

The invention additionally provides a method for providing a nutritionally beneficial <BR> <BR> substituent (A) to a human, comprising administering or providing to the human a composition containing: the nutritionally beneficial substituent (A) in an amount sufficient to provide the nutritional benefit to the human recipient; and at least one additional substituent (C) that provides long term psychological feedback substituent or at least one additional substituent (D) that provides short term psychologicalfeedback; wherein the substituent (C) that provides the long term psychological feedback is selected from the group consisting of: an anandamide; 5-hydroxytryptophan; 5-fluoro-A-methyltryptamine; 5- fluorotryptophan; 6-fluorotryptophan; tryptophan; allocryptine; caffeine; theophylline; theobromine; California poppy; calcium; chromium picolinate; chromium polynicotinate; chicalcte extract; cocoa; chocolate; Damiana (Turnera diffusa); DL-phenylalanine; ephedra; ephedrine; epinephrine; GABA; ginger; ginseng; L-glutamine; green tea; guarana; kava kava; lactuca virosa; L-tyrosine; lobelia; magnesium; maraba; protopine; pseudophedrine; pseudoepinephrine; pyridoxal-5-phosphate; serotonin; sucrose; fructose; glucose; high fructose corn syrup; red rice yeast; and St. Johnswort; and is present in an amount sufficient to provide a long term feeling of well- being or calmness; and the substituent (D) that provides the short term psychological feedback is selected from the group consisting of: an anandamide; an alcohol enhancer; angelica root; balm; bitter orange (Auranti pericarpium); bogbean; boldo; calamus; California poppy;

capsaicum; caraway; cayenne; chamomile; cinchona bark; quinine; chocolate; cinnamon; dove; cocoa; condurango; dandelion; elecampane; GABA; gentian; ginger; ginseng; holy thistle; hops; horehound; dried lemon peel (Gtri pericardium); mugwort; unripe orange; peppermint; quassia; red sage; rosemary; star anise; thyme; tumeric; wormwood; yarrow; and zinc; and is present in an amount sufficient to provide a short term sensation of warmth, tingling, excitement, tranquiiity and weil-being, or a distinctive, intense, bitter or unusual taste.

The invention additionally provides an aqueous beverage composition for human consumption containing kudzu in liquid form, tryptophan or an analogue thereof, milk thistle, or bioactive zinc dissolve or suspended in water.

The invention aiso provides a composition for human consumption, comprising two, three, four or five nutritionally beneficial substituents (A) selected from the group consisting of adrenochrome semicarbazone; 5-hydroytryptophan; 5-fluoro-A- methyltryptamine; S-fluoro-tryptophan; 6-fluorotryptophan; tryptoph3n; acetosalycilic acid; ibuprophen; acetominophen; alfaifa ; altocryptine; beta- carotene; calcium; caffeine; theophyiline; theobromine; choline; chromium picolinate; chromium poiynicotinate; diadzin; diadzein; damiana; turnera diffusa; dandelion; evening primrose oii; folic acid; GABA; ginger; ginkgo biloba; ginseng; glutathione; cysteine; L-glutamine; glycine; N-acetylrysteine; L-cysteine and L-methionine; S-adenosylmethionine; green tea; guarana; hops; inositol ; iron; kava kava; kombucha tea; kudzu; lobelia; glutamic acid; D-phenylalanine; DL-phenylalanine; L-tyrosine; lecithin; linoleic acid; gamma- linoleic acid; magnesium; milk thistle extract (silymarin); niacin; PABA; protopine; puerarin; pyridoxal-5-phosphate; selenium; soluble fiber; St.

Johnswort; taurine; sucrose; fructose; glucose; yellow dock; zinc and zinc picolinate; and zinc polynicotinate.

The invention also provides a composition for human consumption, comprising two, three, four or five nutritionally beneficiai substituents (C) that provide long term psychological feedback, wherein said nutritionally beneficial substituents (C) are selected from the group consisting of:

an anandamide; 5-hydroxytryptophan; 5-fluoro-A-methyitryptamine; 5- fluorotryptophan; 6-fluorotryptophan; tryptophan; alioayptine; caffeine; theophyttine; theobromine; Califcmia poppy; calcium; chromium picolinate; chromium polynicotinate; chicalote extract ; cocoa; chocolate; Damiana (fumera diffusa); DL-phenylalanine; ephedra; ephedrine; epinephrine; GABA; ginger; ginseng; L-glutamine; green tea; guarana; kava kava; lactuca virosa; L-tyrosine; lobelia; magnesium; maraba; protopine; pseudophedrine; pseudoepinephrine; pyridoxal-5-phosphate; red rice yeasz; serotonin; sucrose; fructose; glucose; high fructose corn syrup; and St. Johnswort.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION: The invention relates to formulated, defined compositions having a nutritionally beneficial substituent and a long and/or short term substituent that stimulates psychological feedback, optionally in combination with a substituent that provides a traditional psychological feedback. The invention further relates to vehicles or devices that accomplish the delivery of the composition to a recipient. In a more preferred embodiment, the invention concerns such formulated, defined compositions that contain both a short term and a long term substituent that stimulates psychological feedback.

Some important conditions (e. g., alcohol and drug abuse, etc.) are experienced by individuals who may suffer from denial, and do not want to admit to the existence of a problem. By providing positive psychological feedbacks and multiple benefits common to the class, such individuals can be encouraged to improve their nutrition for some of the combination of nutritional benefits, without having to face their psychological problems, and thus, as an unintended consequence, be exposed to the proper nutrition for the long term solution to their major problems.

THE DELIVERY VEHICLES OR DEVICES OF THE INVENTION The compositions of the present invention are formulated or included in vehicles or devices that accomplish their delivery to recipients, and in particular, to recipient humans.

Vehicles suitable for oral or translingual delivery are particularly preferred. A translingual delivery vehicle is one a that accomplishes the delivery of the composition via adsorbtion into the tongue, gums or soft tissues of the oral cavity. A vehicle suitable for oral delivery is one

that accomplishes the delivery of the composition after ingestion. Oral and translinguailtransdermal vehicies indude beverages, lozenges, elixirs, syrups, powders, candies, chewabie tabiets, etc.

In an altemate embodiment, the delivery of the compositions of the present invention is accomplished using a transdermal delivery device. Such devices indude bandages, patches, implants, etc. that accomplish the delivery of substituents via adsorption through the skin.

The compositions of the present invention are said to be"formulatea, defined compositions"by which it is me3nt that at least two, and preferably all, of their chemical substituents are substantially defined chemically. Thus, although the compositions of the present invention may contain undefined substituents, such as those found in naturally obtainable plant extracts, etc., in all instances they contain at least two chemically ascertainable substituents that were deliberately added to the composition in predetermined amounts to achieve preselected concentrations. Where appropriate, the amounts of such substituents in the compositions of the invention will preferably be determined with consideration of the functional concentration (potency) of the substituent.

Beverages for oral administration are the preferred delivery vehicie. As used herein, the term"beverage"is intended to refer to a liquid composition that is in"single"strength form and is ready to drink. Examples of beverage compositions are well known (see, U. S.

(Nakeletal.),4,992,282(Mehanshoetal.),5,683,678(Heckertetal. ),patents4,737,375 (Andon etal), each herein incorporated by reference).

The invention contemplates the formulation and use of such beverages, as well as the formulation and use of beverage"concentrates."Such concentrates include solid materials (capsules, tablets, powders, etc.) or solutions, suspensions, or other liquids that require dilution before attaining their desired final state. Such liquid compositions may be formulated from the dissolution or suspension of solid substituents, or from the mixing of liquid substituents, or both. The liquid compositions of the present invention are intended to be orally provided, as distinguished from intravenous or other means.

The beverages of the present invention may be imbibed cooled (as by a refrigerant), or at ambient or elevated temperature (i. e., from about 25 °C to about 180 °C) or at more elevated temperatures (i. e., as a"hot"drink). In a preferred embodiment, the beverages of the present invention are imbibed at temperatures below 180 °C. In a more preferred embodiment, the beverages of the present invention are imbibed at temperatures below 25 0 ( :.

The beverages of the present invention are preferably alcohoi-free. They thus contain less than about 10% ethanol, more preferably less than about 5% ethanol, and most preferabiy are alcohol-free (i. e. only a trace amount of ethanot or none at ali). The Rrm "alcohoi-free,"as used herein, is intended to be limited to consideration of the ethanol (ethyl alcool) concentration of the beverage, and not to refer generally to concentrations of other non-ethanol alcools that may be present. Alternatively, the beverages of the present invention may be alcohol-containing beverages (i. e., a beverage having between about 10% and about 40% alcool).

The beverages of the present invention may be either carbonated or non-carbonated.

The term"carbonated"means that the beverage contains both dissoived and dispersed carbon dioxide. Methods of forming carbonated beverages are well known in the art (see, for <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> example, U. S. Patent 4,946,701 (Tsai etal.). Usually, when carbonated, the beverages of the present invention will contain from 1.0 to about 4.5 volumes of carbon dioxide. The preferred carbon dioxide beverages contain from about 2 to about 3.5 volumes of carbon dioxide.

THE COMPOSITIONS OF THE INVENTION The compositions of the present invention contain at least one substituent selected from a first class of substituents that comprise nutritionally beneficial compounds. Any of a wide array of such substituents may be inciuded in the compositions of the invention. For example, a beverage designed for individuals exhibiting the effects of alcool, or the effects of mood altering prescription or non-prescription drugs (e. g., depressants, narcotics, hallucinogens, stimulants) may contain substituents that may replace depleted nutrients (such as vitamins, mineras, etc.); serve as antioxidants; improve or repair brain function (e. g., memory, leaming, etc.); suppress appetite or alcohol desire; reverse alcohol-related damage; alleviate stress; improve viriiity; improve or repair liver function, improve or repair immune system responses, alleviate depression; improve or repair blood functions (e. g., oxygen transport, blood sugar level stabilizers, metabolite transport, detoxification, ion balance, etc.).

Substituents that accomplish such goals are weil-known in the art. The compositions of the present invention contain at least one, and more preferably 2 or more substituents of this first class. Preferred substituents of this first class, their associated function, and their preferred concentrations;"the compositions of the present invention are described in Table A. In Table A, where a substituent is indicated to have multiple associated functions, the same concentration of substituent provides all functions, unless a separate dosage is indicated. To

be nutritionally beneficial, as used herein, a substituent is to be provided at a recited concentration, which is the preferred daily intake amount of the substituent. The daily intake amount may be obtained by a single serving, etc.,, or by multiplie servings, etc.. In a preferred embodiment, the daily intake amount wiil be delivered in three servings, each comprising one third of the total preferred intake amount. In Table A, the amount/day shown is the most preferred amount per day, unless a maximum, more preferred and/or most preferred amount/day is indicated. Where no amount/day is provided, the substituent may be provided in any customary or traditional amount/day.

Table A Preferred Nutritionally Beneficial Substituents Substituent Units Amount/Day Associated MaximumMaximumMore Function(s) PreferredPreferred i tryptophan mg 5-18,000 51-3,468 357 Allevlate Depression analogue (5-Blood Sugar Stabilizer DecreaseAlcoholDesirehydroytryptophanor equivalent Reduces Withdrawal compounds (e.g., Stresses fluoro-A-Restores Deficit Withmetnyitryptamine,Associated 5-fluorotryptophan, Alcohol 6-fluorotryptophan, tryptophan,etc.) Acetosalycilic Acid, mg To Limit Of Non-Prescription Medication Reduces Headache Pain Ibuprophen, Calming Acetcminoohen 578-4,9701,284PromoteBloodmg100-5,000 Detoxification Promote Liver Repair Reverse Alcohol-Related Damage Allocryptine mg 0.1-50,400 5-1,800 170 Reduce Reward Effect of Alcohol Relieves Withdrawal Symptoms from both Depressants and Stimulants Table A Preferred Nutritionally Beneficial Substituents Substituent Units Amount/Day Associated Maximum More Most Function (s) Preferred Preferred Adrenochrome mg 1-986 21-187 98.4 Psychological feedback Semicarbazone Stimulant Euonoriant Beta-Carotene mg 0.34-120 1.1-24.6 12.8 Antioxidant Enhance Immune System Response Calc ; um mg 10-4,000 567-2,980 1,222 Alleviate Depression Improve Neurotransmitter function (serotonin and dopamine) Reduce Blood Pressure Caffeine(including (theophylline, mg 2-1000 65-723 322 Discourage Alcohol Use IncreaseAlcoholtheobromineand related Metabolism methylxanthines) INhibit Adenosine (amounts are total Uptake effective available Stimulant amounts of caffeine in composition) 11-12,972254-981768AlleviateStressCholinemg Enhance Immune System Response Promote Brain Repair Promote Repair Chromium µg 2-800 5-400 194 Blood Sugar Stabilizer Cr-Picolinate Cr-Polynicotinate (Cr amounts increased with amount of Zn present, decreased for amounts of aminoacids) Table A Preferred Nutritionatly Benefida ! Substituents Substituent Units Amount/Day Associated Maximum More Function(s) PreferredPreferred Diadzin 9 0.001-62 3-46 12.24 Suppress Alcohol Intoxication IntakeDecreaseAlcohol Diadzein g 0.001-52 3-26 8.16 Alcohol Intoxication PromoteDecreased AlcoholIntake DamianaDamianaTumera Tbsp 0.5-15 1-8 6 Increase Alcohol Diffusa Metabolism Inhibit Adenosine Uptake Mild Aphrodisiac MildEuphona Promote Decreased Alcohol Consumption Stimulant Dandeiicn mg 0.01-100 3-66 44 Sugar Stabilizer Enhance Immune System Response Increase Fat Digestion Promote Liver Repair Evening Primrose Oil mg 20-18,000 200-2,600 789 Improve Cognitive Function Promote Blood Detoxification Promote Brain Repair Suppliesgamma- LinolenicAcid Promote Liver Reoair Table A Preferred Nutritionally Benefidal Substituents SubstituentSubstituentUnits Amount/Day Associated Maximum More Most Funcdon (s) Preferred Preferred Folic Add ug 10-50,000 50-2,987 784 Restores Alcool- Associated DepletionFolic Add Alleviate Depression Enhance Immune System Response Promote Blood Detoxification Promote Brain Repair Suppress Alcohol Desire SuppressAppetite GABA 9 0.75-39 3.6-14.3 7.43 Alleviate Stress Promote Brain Repair Ginger mg 260-10,000 700-5,000 2,170 Antioxidant Blood Sugar Stabilizer Aid Nausea Control Ginkgo Biloba mg 0.5-1,200 20-460 129 Alleviate Depression Antioxidant Brain Repair Decreases Alcool- Induced Withdrawal Symptoms Decreases Alcool- Induced Nerve Damage Table A BeneflcialSubstituentsPreferredNutritionally 'I. Substituent Units Amount/Day Associated Maximum Most Function(s) PreferredPreferred Ginseng g 0.05-20 0.9-4.9 1.6 Mental Concentration Alleviate Stress HelpsAdapting Immunostmulant RepairPromoteBrain ofPromotesFeeling Weil-Being Stimulant Glutathione or mg 51-993 101-1,288 223 Alleviate Depression Glutahione Improve Libido equivalents (e.g., Impaired by Alcohol cysteine,ToxinsandRemove glutamine,glutamine,glycine) Free Radicals RepairLiver RestoreGlutathione Other Glutathione mg 110-9,934 1,042-2,435 Alcoholby Equivalents: 4,820 Suppress Appetite AlcoholDesireN-acetylcysteineSuppress (NAC), L-L-cysteine+ methionine, S- adenosylmethionine (SAMe) Green Tea mg 50-25,000 900-19,900 8,046 Blood Sugar Stabilizer DelaysCaffeine Stimulation Increases Alcohol Metabolism ReducesBlood Sugar Guarana g 0.2-3.4 2.06 Increases Alcohol Metabolism Reduces Blood Sugar SuppressesAlcohol Desire Stimulant g 0.001-6 0.178-3 0.9 Brain Repair Calming Table A Preferred Nutritionally Beneficial Substituents Amount/DayAssociatedSubstituentUnits Maximum More Most Function (s) Preferred Preferred Inositot mg 2-2,910 78-958 208 Alleviate Stress Brain Repair Enhance Immune SystemResponse Promote Liver Repair Iron mg 1-77 4-39 22 Enhance Cell Immunity Enhance Immune Function I I InducesCalming Kava Kava RelaxesMuscles Kombucha Tea ml 1Q1-13,500 1,134- 4,700 Stimulant 7,800 Organ Detoxification Slows or Reverses Agir. g Helps fight diseases (e.g., AIDS, cancer andmultiple sclerosis) Kudzu g 0.001-82 3-33 9.27 Suppress Alcohol Desire SuppressAlcohol . Intoxication Lobelia mg 58-6,978 356-1,367 745 Stimulate and Calms Decreases Desire for Alcohol Decreases Desire for Smokina Cystine mg 4-275 32-104 56 Promote Blood Detoxification Promote Brain Repair Promote Liver Repair Protects Against Alcohol Toxins and Polluants Glutamic Acid Taken as Glutamine Promote Brain Repair Table A Preferred Nutritionally Beneficial Substituents Substituent Units Amount/Day Associated Maximum More Most Function(s) preferred Preferred Glutamine mg 111-8,891 556-4,808 2,746 Blood Sugar Stabilizer Promote Calming Promote Liver Repair Reduce Withdrawal Stress Suppress Alcohol Desire Suppress Appetite Improve Mental Capabilities L-Methionine mg 6-325 24-199 57 Blood Detoxification Promote Brain Repair Increase Lecithin Production Promote Liver Repair Suppress Fat Buildup in Liver 0.10-120.4-92.3AlleviateDepressionD-Phenylalanineg DL-Phenylalanine Decrease Alcohol Desire Promote Neurotransmitter Function L-Tyrosine g 0. 001-8 0.50-3.9 2.6 Promote Brain Reoair Lecithin mg 350-42,956 360-11,490 1,846 Improve Immune SystemResponse Reverse Alcool- Induced Liver Damage Provides Choline, Inositol,and Linoleic Acid Suppress Chirrosis and Fibrosis Linoleic31-5,789234-2,4501,420Precursortogamma-mg LinoleicAcid Brain Repair Liver air mg1.1-4,905102-980500BrainRepairgamma-LinoleicAcid LiverRepair Table A Preferred Nutritionally Beneficial Substituents Amount/DayAssociatedSubstituentUnits MostFunction(s)MaximumMore PreferredPreferred Magnesium mg 1-1,990 108-879 546 Alleviate Depression Decreases Alcohol Consumption DeficitRestoresMg Associatedwith Alcohol Consumption Eases Withdrawal Symptomsof Hyperexcitability and Hallucination MoodStabilization ReverseAlcohol-Retated Damage I. Milk Thistie Extract mg 1-500 110-380 287 Promote Liver Repair (Silymarin) Suppress Liver Damage 1-7006-3428PromoteBloodNiacinmg Detoxification Promote Liver Repair 2-22521-6634AlleviateDepressionPABAmg 0.1-50,4005-1,800170ReduceRewardEffectProtopinemg of Alcohol Calming RelievesWithdrawal Symptoms from both Depressants and Stimulants Puerarin 3-4413.28SuppressAlcohol0.001-63 Intoxication Decrease Intake Table A Preferred Nutritionally Benefidal Substituents . _ Substituent Units Amount/Day Assodated Maximum More Most Function (s) Preferred Preferred Pyridoxai-5-mg 1-989 31-199 124 Alleviate Depression Phosohate Decreases Alcohoi Desire Enabies Neurctransmitter Functions Mood Stabilizer Enhances Immune Function Red Rice Yeast Stabilizing; Calming Selenium µg 2-2,500 20-340 44 Antioxidant Enhances Immune Function Mood, and Fatigue Stabilizer Promote Liver Repair Restores Deficit Associated with AlcoholConsumption Restore immune Function SolubleFiber St. Johnswort g 0. 4-11 3.2 Elevate Mood Suppress Alcohol Desire Suppress Appetite Table A Preferred Nutritionally Beneficial Substituents Substituent Units Amount/Day Associated Maximum More Most Function (s) Preferred Preferred Taurine mg 15-9,785 546-2,975 1,670 Depressing Effect on Central Nervous System Reduces Affects of Stimulants Calming Restores Deficit Associated with Alcohol Heips with Utilization Problems Caused by Alcohol Helps Withdrawal for Cocaine and Similar Stimulants Suaose, Fructose, 6-30% 7.5-17.4% 10.11% Discourage Use of Glucose Alcohol Enhance Alcohol Metabolism Inhibits Tryptophan Destruction Vitamin A (retinol) 510-6,9451,842Antioxidant10-14,000 improve Immune System Response Promote Liver Protection and Repair Vitamin B1 mg 0.01-400 1.01-9.9 4.7 Antioxidant Promote Brain Repair (memory, thought, perceptions of reality) Promote Liver Repair Reverse Alcohol-Related Damage Reduce Alcohol-Related Deficit Reverse Motor Function and Eye Movement Imoairment Vitamin 15AlleviateStressmg TableA Preferred Nutritionally Benefidal Substituents Substituent Units Amount/Day Associated Maximum More Most Function (s) Preferred Preferred Vitamin BS mg 5-3,500 41-500 103 Alleviate Stress Promote Brain Repair Promote Repair Vitamin B6 mg 0.01-200 0. 8-4. 8 1.45 Mood Stabilization Enhance Immune Svstem Vitamin B12 µg 0,0025- 1-9, 870 578 Alieviate Depression 38,000 Alleviate Stress Promote Brain Repair Vitamin C mg 51-2,500 89-999 349 Alleviate Stress Provide Antioxidant Promote Brain Repair ImproveImmune System Promote Reversal of Alcohol-Related Damage Vitamin D µg 1-446 4-65 12 Immune System Response Promote Liver Repair Promote Reversal of Alcohol-Reiated Damage Vitamin E mg 5-1,200 123-428 288 Antioxidant (tccopherals) Blood Sugar Stabilizer Promote Adsorption of Fat (liver support) Provide Immune System Support Vitamin K µg 1-400 16-176 83 Antioxidant Blood Sugar Stabilizer KidneySupport Table A PreferredSubstituentsBenaficial Substituent Units Amoun<yDay Associated MostFunction(s)MaximumMore PreferredPreferred Yellow Dock mg 50-6,000 250-999 743 Improve Immune System Response Promote Blood Detoxificadcn (jaundice) RepairPromoteLiver Zinc and Zinc mg 1-120 5-64 22 Blood Sugar Stabilizer Equivalents (e. g., improve DNA Synthesis zincImproveImmunezincpicolinate, polynicotinate, etc.) Response Increase Insulin activity Increase Alcohol Metabolism Discourages Atconoi Use

More Preferred Nutritionallv Functional Substituents: In a more preferred embodiment, the compositions of the invention will contain one or more such preferred nutntcnaiiy benefida) substituents, such more preferred substituents being selected from the group consisting of: Adrenochrome Semicarbazone; 5-hydroytryptophan or equivalent compounds (e. g.; 5-fluoro-A-methyltryptamine; 5-fluorotryptophan; 6-fluorotryptophan ; tryptophan; etc.) ; Allocryptine; Choline; Diadzin; Diadzein; Damiana Turnera Diffusa; Evening Primrose Oil; Glutathione or Glutathione equivalents (e. g.; cysteine; L-glutamine; glycine); Other Glutathione Equivalents: N-acetylcysteine (NAC); L-cysteine + L-methionine; S- adenosylmethionine (SAMe); Inositol; Kudzu; Lobelia; Cysteine; Glutamine; L-Methionine; Linoleic Acid; gamma-Linoleic Acid; Magnesium; Milk Thistle Extract (Silymarin); Niacin; PABA; Protopine; Puerarin; Pyridoxal-S-Phosphate; soluble fiber; St. Johnswort; Vitamin B1 ; Vitamin B5; Vitamin B12; Vitamin C; Vitamin D; Vitamin K; Yellow Dock; and Zinc and Zinc Equivalents (e. g.; zinc picolinate; zinc polynicotinate; etc.).

Hiahlv Preferred Nutritionallv Functional Substituents: In a still more preferred embodiment, the compositions of the invention will contain one or more such preferred nutritionally beneficial substituents, such highly preferred substituents being selected from the group consisting of: Adrenochrome Semicarbazone; 5-hydroytryptophan or equivalent compounds (e. g.; S-fluoro-A-methyltryptamine; 5-fluorotryptophan; 6-fluorotryptophan; tryptophan; etc.) ; Allocryptine; Diadzin; Diadzein; Evening Primrose Oil; Other Glutathione Equivalents: N-acetylcSsteine (NAC); L-cystine + L-methionine; S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe); Kudzu; Lobelia; Milk Thistle Extract (Silymarin); Niacin; Protopine; and Puerarin.

The compositions of the invention may contain at least one substituent selected from a second class of substituents that provide a traditional psychological feedback. Any of a wide array of such substituents may be included in the composition. Such substituents will impart a sensory psychological effect to the recipient, such as a pleasant taste, aroma, visual appeal, etc. The compositions of the invention may contain more than one such traditional psychological feedback substituent. Tabie B lists preferred traditional psychological feedback substituents that may be employed in the compositions of the present invention to impart such psychological effect.

Table B Preferred Traditional Psychological Feedback Substituents Substituent Concentration (amount/day) Caffeine and caffeine equivalents (e. g., theophylline, theobromine, To Limit Of Non-Prescription related Medication Green Tea Extract Carbcnic Acid Phosohoric Acid Citric Acd Citric Acid Hoos Cola Cocoa Chocolat Anandamide Quinine Malic Acd TableB Preferred Traditional Psychological Feedbadc Substituents Concentration Substituent (amount/day) ascaloricsweeteners(e.g.,fructose,highfructoseSweetener(such corn syrup, glucose,lactose,sorbitol,galactose,maltose, etc.) or substantally non-caloric sweeteners (e. g., aspartame (and its derivatives), saccharin, etc.)cyclamates, Fruit juice or juice asnon-citrusfruitjuicesorjuicesuch extract (e. g., those obtainable from apple, pineappie, grape, pear, banana, plum, cherry, peach, etc.); berry fruit juices or juice extracts (such as those obtainable from strawberry, cranberry, orcitrusfruitjuicesorjuiceextracts(suchasthoseblackberry,etc .); organe,grapefruit,lemon,lime.etc.)obtainablefrom mammalianmilkproductssuchMilk(including as skim and cream, and vegetablemilks, such as sov milk) Vegetable juices or juice extracts (such as those obtainable from carrct tomato, beets, ceíerv, etc. I Kudzu 5-hydroxy-tryptoohan Spices and plant extract flavorings (such as cola, ginger, nutmeg, chocolate.rum,mit,su@armaple.herbs,etc.).@eppervanilla.

Synthetically compounded flavorants or naturally isolated flavorants may be employed as such traditional psychological feedback substtuents.

As indicated, the orally or translingually delivered compositions of the present invention may be formulated to contain green tea extract. Green tea helps to control the negative effects of caffeine. See, for example, French patent No. 2,586,532 issued to Balansard al.

More Preferred Traditional Psvcholoaical Feedback Substituents: In a more preferred optional embodiment, the compositions of the present invention will contain one or more preferred traditional psychological feedback substituents, such more preferred substituents being selected from the group consisting of: Caffeine and caffeine equivalents (e. g.; theophylline; theobromine; related methylxanthines); cola; carbonic acid; phosphoric acid; citric acid; hops; cocoa; chocolate; anandamide; quinine; malic acid; non-citric fruit juice or juice extract (such as wherein the fruit is grape; appie; cranberry; cherry; peach; etc.) ; miik; vegetable juice or juice extract (such as wherein the vegetable is carrot; celery ; etc.); kudzu; and 5-hydroxy-tryptophan.

TraditionalPsychologicalFeedbackSubstituents:InastillmoreHig hlyPreferred preferred embodiment, the compositions cf the present invention will contain one or more highly preferred traditional psychological feedback substituents, such highly preferred substituents being selected from the group consisting of: Caffeine and caffeine equivalents (e. g.; theophylline; theobromine; related methylxanthines) at a concentration/day of greater than about 55 mg; carbonic acid; phosphoric acid ; hops; non-citric fruit juice or fruit juice extract (such as wherein the fruit is grape; apple; cranberry; cherry; peach; etc.) ; milk; vegetable juice or juice extract (such as wherein the vegetable is carrot; celery; etc.) ; kudzu; and S-hydroxy-tryptophan.

The compositions of the invention may contain at least one substituent selected from a third class of substituents that provide long term psychological feedback. Any of a wide array of such substituents may be included in the composition. Such substituents will impart a long term psychological effect to the recipient, such as a fee ! ing of warmth or tingling, of excitement, of tranquillity and well-being, etc. In a preferred embodiment, the compositions of the invention will contain more than one such lona term psychologically active substituent.

Table C lists partcuiarty preferred long term duration psychological feedback substituents that may be employed in the compos itions of the present invention to impart a lcng ter-n psychological effect.

Table C Preferred Long Term Psychological Feedback Substituents Subsituent UnitsConcentration (amount/dav) Associated Maximum More Most Function (s) Preferred Preferred Anandamide mg 31-296,000 1,013- 7,083 Psychological Feedback 144,600 Warm feeling Euphorisa Table C Preferred Long Term Psychological Feedback Substituents Substituent (amount/day)AssociatedConcentration Maximum More Most Function (s) Preferred Preferred 5-hydroytryptophan mg 5-18,000 60-3,468 357 Decrease Alcohol Desire or equivalent Mood Stabilization compounds (e. g., 5-Increases Brain duoro-A-Serotonin Withdrawalmethyltryptamine,Reduces 5-fluorotryptophan,Stresses Deficit6-fluorotryptophan,Restores AssociatedWithtryptopnan,etc.) Alcohol 0.1-50,4005-1,800170ReduceRewardEffectAllocryptinemg of Alcohol Calmina Relieves Withdrawal Symptoms from both Depressants and Stimuiants Caffeine (inciuding (theophylline, mg 2-1000 36-723 322 Discourage Alcohol Use thecbrcmine and Increase Alcohol relatedMetabolism Adenosinemethylxanthines)Inhibit totalUptake(amountsare Stimulanteffectiveavailable caffeineamountsof incomposition) California 0.1-50,400mg 5-1,800 170 Reduce Reward Effect of Alcohol Calming Relieves Withdrawal Symptoms from both Depressants and Stimulants Calcium mg 10-4,000 567-2, 980 1,222 Alleviate Deoression CHromium µg 2-800 5-400 194 Increases Tryptophan BarrierCr-PicollnateBlood/Brain Cr-PolynicotinateTransport (Cr amounts increased with amount of Zn present, decreased for amounts of aminoacds) Table C Preferred Long Term Psychological Feedback Substituents Concentration(amount/day)AssodatedSubstituentUnits Maximum More Most Function (s) Preferred Preferred µg2-8005-400194ReduceRewardEffectChicaloteExtract (without toxic of Alcohol substituents) Calming Relieves Withdrawal Symptoms from both Depressants and Stimulants Cocoa mg 31-300,000 1,013-7,083 Activates Cannabinoid 145,000 Receptors Warm Feeling Euphorisa Chocolate mg 31-300,000 Activates Cannabinoid 145,000 Receptors Warm Feeling Euohona Damiana (Tumera Tbsp. 0.5-15 1-8 6 Mild Aphrodisiac diffusa) Mild Euphona (1-1.5 hours) Decrease Alcohol Desire !. 1s 0.01-12g0.4-9g2.3gPsychologicalfeedbackDL-phenylalanineg MoodStabilization Decrease Sugar Desire Decrease Alcohol Desire Decrease Chronic Pain mg6-8,00061-2,990376StimulantEphedra(especially AlcoholDesirenevadenis)Decrease Ephedrine mg 0.9-390 6-149 23.6 Stimulant Decrease Alcohol Desire Epinephrine Legal Stimulant Amounts GABA g 0. 75-39 3.6-14.3 7.43 Promote Calmness Tingling Sensation on Skin Tabie C Preferred Long Term Psychological Feedback Substituents Concentration(amount/day)AssociatedSubstituentUnits Maximum More Most Function (s) Preferred Preferred Ginger 9 0.026-10 0.55-5 2.17 Antioxidant Blood Sugar Stabilizer Controls Nausea StipulateAppetite AromaticSmell I Flush, Rosv Comolexion 0.05-200.9-4.91.6StimulantGinsengg EnhancesMental Concentration Eneraizes 111-8,891556-4,8082,746BloodSugarStabillzerL-glutaminemg Promote Calmness Reduces Stress or Alcohol Withdrawal Suppress Alcohol Desire SuppresAppetite Green Tea 0.9-198.80PromoteCalmnessand0.05-25 Relaxation Decreases in Blood DelaysCaffeine Stimulation StabilizerBloodSupar Guarana g 0.2-3.4 1.2-2.7 2.06 Alcohol Metabolism Reduces Blood Sugar SuppressesAlcohol Desire Kava Kava Relaxes Muscles Calmina Lactuca Virosa µg 0. 01-10,000 1.4-4,569 234 Calming AmountsContainsTrace of Morohine L-tyrosine g 0.001-8 0.05-3.9 2.6 Psychological feedback Neurotransmitter(L- do@a)precursor Table C Preferred Long Term Psychological Feedback Substituents Substituent Units Concentration (amount/dav) Associated Maximum More Most Function (s) Preferred Preferred Lobelia mg 58-6,978 356-1,367 745 Psychological feedback Decreases Desire for Alcohol Maraba Magnesium mg 1-1,990 108-879 546 Decrease Alcohol Consumption Restore Deficit Associated with Alcohol Consumption Eases Withdrawal Symptoms of Hyperexcitability and Hallucination Mood Stabilization Protopine mg 0.1-50,400 5-1,800 170 Reduce Reward of Alcohol Calming Relieves Withdrawal Symptoms for both Depressants and Stimuiants Pseudophedrine mg 0.01-79 0.09-24 9.8 or Stimulant maximum Alcohol Desire legal amount Pseudoepinephrine mg maximum Stimulant AlcoholDesirelegalDecrease amount Decreases Alcohol Pyridoxal-5-mg 1-989 31-199 124 Desire phosphate Alleviate Depression Enable Neurotransmitters MoodStabilization Red Rice Yeast Mood Stabilization Calming Serotonin/ (However generated in the Brain) Psychological feedback Enkaohaiine TableC Preferred Long Term Psychological Feedback Substituents Concentration(amount/day)AssociatedSubstituentUnits Maximum More Most Function (s) Preferred Preferred Sucrose, Fructose, 1.5-30% 7.5-17. 4% 10.11% Discourage use of Glucose, High alcohol Fructose Com Syrup Decreases Duration of AlcoholAction InhibitsTryptophan Destruction .-i St. nns,.-iort 9 0. 4-11 3.2 Suppres Apoette Feels Good MonomineOxidase Inhibitor Eases Withdrawal Suppress alcool Desire Vitamin 86 mg 0.01-Z00 1.45 Mood Stabilization Immune System Support

More Preferred Long Term Psvchoioaica ! Feedback Substituents: In a preferred embodiment, the compositions of the present invention will contain one or more such long term psrchological feedback substituent, such more preferred substituents be'ng se'ecled from the group consisting of: 5-hydroytryptophan or equivalent compounds (e. g.; 5-fluoro-A- methyitryptamine; 5-fluorotryptophan ; 6-fluorotryptophan; tryptophan; etc.) ; Allocryptine; Califomia Poppy; Chromium (Cr-Picolinate; Cr-Polynicotinate; (Cr amounts increased with amount of Zn present; decreased for amounts of amino acids)); Cocoa; Damiana (Turnera diffusa); D-phenylalanine; Ephedra (especially nevadenis); Ephedrine; Epinephrine; GABA; L- glutamine; Green Tea; Kava Kava; Lactuca Virosa; Lobelia; Magnesium; Maraba; Protopine; Pseudophedrine; Pseudoepinephrine; Pyridoxal-5-phosphate; Red Rice Yeast; Serotonin; St.

Johnswort; and Vitamin B6.

Highly Preferred Long Term Psvcholeoical Feedback Substituents: In a still more preferred embodiment, the compositions of the present invention will contain one or more such long term psychological feedback substituents, such highly preferred substituents being selected from the group consisting of: 5-hydroytryptophan or equivalent compounds (e. g.; 5- fluoro-A-methyltryptamine; 5-fluorotryptophan; 6-fluorotryptophan; tryptophan; etc.); Aficcrypcne; California Poppy; Chicalote Extract (without toxic substituents); Cocoa; Damiana (humera diffusa); Ephedra nevadenis; Ephedrine; Green Tea; Lactuca Virosa; Lobeiia; Maraba; Protopine; Pseudophedrine; Pseudoepinephrine and Red Rice Yeast.

The compositions of the invention may contain at least one substituent se ! ected from a fourth class of substituents that provide short term psychological feedback. Any of a wide array or such substituents may be included in the composition. Such substituents will impart a short term psychological effect to the recipient, such as a feeling of warmth or tingling, of excitement, of tranquillity and well-being, etc. In a preferred embodiment, the compositions of the invention will contain more than one such short term psychologically active substituent.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the compositions of the invention may contain psychologically active substituents that mediate their respective effects in both a short duration (i. e., effect completed within 15 minutes of nutritionally beneficial.) and a long term duration (i. e., effect completed after 15 minutes of nutritionally beneficial). Table D lists preferred short term duration psychological feedback substituents that may be employed in the compositions of the present invention to impart a short term psychological effect.

Table D Preferred Short Term Psychologicai Feedback Substituents Substituent Units Concentration (amount/day) Associated Maximum Mere Most Functions) I Preferred Preferred Anandamide 1,013-7,083Warmfeeling31-296,000 145,000Euphoria Alcohol Between just noticeable and disagreeable Imitate Burning and Enhancers, Bitmg Sensations of Standard Alcohol Fiavorants Angelica root Bitter Aromatic Initially Intensely Spicy Turns Lastingly Pungent Stimulates Appetite Balm Calming Pleasantly S@icy Taste Bitter orange Stimulate Appetite (Auranti Pleasantly Spicy Taste @ericar@ium Table D Preferred Short Term Psychological Feedback Substituents Concentration(amount/day)AssociatedSubstituentUnits MostFunction(s)MaximumMore Preferred Preferred Bogbean Stimulate Appetite AcidStimulateGastric HypnoticSoldoWeak Pungently Spicy, Bitter Taste SpicyCalamusSomewhat Calming California Poppy mg 0. 1-50,400 5-1,800 170 Euphoriant Reduce Reward Effect of Alcohol 0.01-0.6%0.025%WarmingSensationinCapsaicum0.001-1.0% Throat and Mouth Stimulate Appetite RelievesFlatulence Caused by Carbonation S@icyTaste 0.01-0.6%Cayenne0.001-1% SensationinWarming Throat and Mouth Chamomile Appetite Aromatic Taste AstringentTasteCinchonabark (quinine) Stimulate Appetite Chocolate mg 31-296,000 1,013- 7,087 Psychological feedback 157,000 feeling Euphorisa Cinnamon Stimulate Appetite Pungently Sweet Sweep, Sharp Taste Relieves Flatulence Associated with Carbonation Table D Preferred Short Term Psychological Feedback Substituents Substituent (amount/day)AssociatedConcentration Maximum More Most Function(s) Preferred Preferred Clove Stimulate Appetite Pungentiy Sweet Re@evesFiatuience Asscdated with Carbonation FeedbackCocoaPsychological Warm Feeling Euphoria CondurangoStimulate Appetite BitterTaste BitterDandelionSlight Taste StimulateAppetite AppetiteElecampaneStimulate RelievesFlatulence Associated with Carbonation GABAGABAg 0.75-39 3.6-14.3 7.43 onSensation Skin After Taking Orally TasteChangingGentianSweet to Intensely Bitter StimulateAppetite Ginger 0.7-52.17Flush,rosycomplexion0.26-10 stimulate Appetite AromaticSmell Ginseng 1.1-2.9$1.6CleanTaste0.5-20 Energeticfeeling StimulateAppetiteHolythistie Bitter Taste Hops mg 1-6,000 178-2,990 934 Calming Stimulate Appetite Aids Withdrawal Table D Preferred Short Term Psychological Feedback Substituents Substituent Units Concentration (amount/day) Associated Maximum More Most Function(s) PreferredPreferred Horehound Bitter Taste Calming driedStimulateAppetiteLemonPeel, (CitriAcidicTasteSoicy, Mugwort Appetite RelievesFlatulence Associated with Carbonation Soicv Taste Orange (unripe) Appetite BitterAromatic Peppermint Stimulate Appetite RelievesFlatulence Associated with Carbonation Calmina Quassia Stimulate Appetite Intense ! v Bitter Red sage Stimulate Appetite RelievesFiatuience Associated with Carbonation Spicy and Bitter Taste Rosemary Stimulate Appetite RelievesFlatulence Associated with Carbonation PungentTaste Star Anise Stimulate Appetite Pungent and spicy Thyme Stimulate Appetite RelievesFlatulence Associated with Carbonation PuncentTaste Table D Preferred Short Term Psychological Feedbadc Substituents Substituent Units Concentration (amount/day) Associated Maximum More Most Function (s) Preferred Preferred Tumeric Stimulate Appetite RelievesFlatulence Assocated with Carbonation Punaent Bitter Taste Vitamin K 80-990426FeelingofWarmthfrom12-1,950 Accumulated Mega- amounts Wormwood Stimulate Appetite Biwer Aromatic, Intense Taste Strongly Relieves Flatulenceassociated withCarbonation Yarrow Stimulate Appetite Relieves Flatulence Assoaated with Carbonation Zinc and zinc 1-120 mg 5-64 mg 22 mg Energetc feeling picolinate or polynicotinate eauivalents

More Preferred Short Term Psvcholocical Feedback Substituents: In a more preferred embodiment, the compositions of the present invention will contain one or more preferred short term psychological feedback substituents, such more preferred substituents being selected from the group consisting of: Anandamide; Alcohol Enhancers, Standard Flavorants; Angelica root; Boldo; California Poppy; Capsaicum; Cayenne; GABA; Gentian; Tumeric; Vitamin K; and Wormwood. Hiahiv Preferred Short Term Psvcholoaical Feedback Substituents: In a still more preferred embodiment, the compositions of the present invention will contain one or more highly preferred short term psychological feedback substituents, such highly preferred substituents being selected from the group consisting of: an anandamide; an alcohol

enhancer; Angelica root; Boldo; California Poppy; Capsaicum; GABA; Gentian; Tumeric; Vitamin K; and Wormwood.

As indicated above, the invention specficatty ccntemptates compositions containing one or more substituents of substituent classes: (A) that provide nutitonal benefit, (B) that provide traditional psychological feedback, (C) that provide long term psychological feedback, and/or (D) that provide short term psychological feedback. Thus, the invention specificaily contemplates compositions containing at least one substituent of each of the substituent classes: (A), (B), (C) and (D); (A), (B) and (C); (A), (B) and (D); (A), (C) and (D); (B), (C) and (D); (A) and (B); (A) and (C); (A) and (D); (B) and (C); (B) and (D); and (C) and (D).

The invention further contemplates compositions containing more than one substituent of each of the following substituent classes: (A), (B), (C) and (D); (A), (B) and (C); (A), (B) and (D); (A), (C) and (D); (B), (C) and (D); (A) and (B); (A) and (C); (A) and (D); (B) and (C); (B) and (D); (C) and (D); (A); (B); (C); and (D).

The invention thus specifically contemplates compositions containing: one or more of the above-recited preferred nutritionally beneficial substituents (A), one or more of the above- recited preferred long term psychological feedback substituents (C), and one or more of the above-recited preferred short term psychological feedback substituents (D).

The invention additionally contemplates preferred compositions containing either one or more of the above-recited mere preferred nutritionaiiy beneficia ! substituents (A) or one or more of the above-recited highly preferred nutritionally beneficial substituents (A), and one or more of the above-recited preferred long term psychological feedback substituents (B), and one or more of the above-recited preferred short term psychological feedback substituents (C).

Tne invention additionally contemplates preferred compositions containing one or more of the above-recited preferred nutritionally beneficial substituents (A), and one or more of the above-recited preferred long term psychological feedback substituents (C), and either one or more of the above-recited more preferred short term psychological feedback substituents (D) or one or more of the above-recited highly preferred short term psychological feedback substituents (D).

The invention additionally contemplates preferred compositions containing one or more of the above-recited preferred nutritionally beneficial substituents (A), and either one or more cf the above-recited more preferred long term psychological feedback substituents (C) or one or more or the above-recited highly preferred long term psychological feedback

substituents (C), and one or more of the above-recited preferred short term psychologicai feedback substituents (D).

The invention further contemplates more preferred compositions containing one or more of the above-redted more preferred nutritionally beneficial substituents (A), and one or more of the above-recited preferred long term psychological feedback substituents (C), and one or more of the above-recited more preferred short term psychological feedback substituents (D).

The invention further contempiates more preferred compositions containing one or more of the above-recited preferred nutritionally beneficial substituents (A), and one or more of the above-recited more preferred long term psychological feedback substituents (C), and one or more of the above-recited more preferred short term psychological feedback substituents (D).

The invention further contemplates highly preferred compositions containing one or more of the above-recited highly preferred nutritionally beneficial substituents (A), and one or more of the above-recited preferred long term psychological feedback substituents (C), and one or more of the above-recited highly preferred short term psychological feedback substituents (D).

The invention further contemplates highly preferred compositions containing one or mcre of the above-recited highiy pref°rred nutriticnally beneficial substituents (A), and one or more of the above-recited highly preferred long term psychological feedback substituents (C), and one or more of the above-recited preferred short term psychological feedback substituents (D).

The invention further contemplates highly preferred compositions containing one or more of the above-recited preferred nutritionally beneficial substituents (A), and one or more of the above-recited highly preferred long term psychological feedback substituents (C), and one or more of the above-recited highly preferred short term psychological feedback substituents (D).

The invention further contemplates very highly preferred compositions containing one or more of the above-recited highiy preferred nutritionally beneficial substituents (A), and one or more of the above-recited highly preferred long term psychological feedback substituents (C), and one or more of the above-recited highly preferred short term psychological feedback substituents (D).

The invention further contemplates compositions containing two, three, four or more of the above-recited preferred nutritional beneficial substituents (A), and more preferably two, three, four cr more of the above-recited highly preferred nutritionally beneficial substituents (A), and most preferably two, three, four or more of the above-recited highly preferred nutritionally beneficiai substituents (A).

In ail such compositions, traditional psychological feedback substituents (B) may be present.

'n accordance with the invention, the compositions of the present invention may additionally contain non-pharmacological agents such as stomach acid buffering compounds, <BR> <BR> antac ; ds, fiber, laxatives, muscle relaxants, analgesics, acetaminophens, ibuorophens, topical antibiotics, anti-inflammatory agents, etc.) at non-prescription levers. In yet another embodiment, the compositions of the invention may be formulated to contain prescription pharmacological agents, such as hormones (e. g., insulin, thyroid hormone, etc.), anti- innammatory agents, hypertensives, anti-arrhythmias, etc. The co-administration of the compositions of the present invention and such prescription pharmacological agents has the saiutary effect of confirming or the consumer's perception or recollection that a dosage has been consumed or administered, and as such aids in preventing overdosing and underdosing by individuals who are self administering such pharmacological agents.

As statec abcve, in a particularly preferred embodiment, the compositions of the present invention are provided via vehicles for oral or translingual delivery.

In a preferred embodiment, such vehicles are formulated to contain one or more additional substituents selected from the group consisting of: a xanthine alkaloid (such as a methylxanthine (caffeine, theophylline, theobromine, etc.) obtainable synthetically, or by extraction or plants (e. g. coffee beans, cola nuts, tea plants, etc.); carbonic acid, milk, vegetable juice, fruit juice, phosphoric acid, citric acid, hops, cocoa, chocolate, anandamide, quinine and malic acid.

Tne amounts of methyixanthines (and especially caffeine) present in the compositions of the invention are designed to result in the delivery of an amount of such methylxanthines sufficient to impart the desired effect. Thus, where the composition contain compounds that interact (or sequester) such methyixanthines, proportionately larger amounts of methylxanthine will be included in the composition. Likewise, where the composition contain substituents that enhance the desired effect of a methylxanthine, the amount of the methylxanthine in the composition will be proportionately reduced.

Serotonin, and its precursors, and substituents that stimulate serotonin production and/or release are also preferred substituents of the compositions of the present invention.

The orally or transtingually delivered mmpositions of the present invention may comprise dear solutions, or may be suspensions of particulate materai (such as plant pulp or other tissue). When provided as a beverage, such beverages are typically free-flowing and have a viscosity similar to that of water. Preferably, thickening agents are added to impart greater viscosity to the beverages. The beverages of the present invention are typically dispensed and stored in containers (e. g., cardboard containers, glass or plasac botttes, metal cans, etc.).

USES OF THE COMPOSITIONS OF THE INVENTION The compositions of the present invention provide a nutritionally beneficial substituent to an individual in a manner accompanied by a reinforcing psychological feedback sensation.

The psychological feedback sensation imparts an immediate physiological recognition of the composition (such as a feeling of warmth, or a flush feeling) as well as a long term psychological feedback (such as a counter-depressive effect or a sense of well-being). These feedbacks become psychologically associated with the nutritional benefit and the therapeutic activity of the composition and increase an individual's desire to take or use the composition on a reguiar basis, and thus serve to ensure that the individual obtains a nutritionally beneficial amount of the composition.

By the selected inclusion of desired substituents, the compositions of the present invention can be tailored to provide any of a number of desired therapeutic effects. Such effects include blood detoxification; liver repair and detoxification; lessening of a desire to drink alcohol; reversal of alcohol-induced damage; antioxidant activity; alleviating depression, alleviating stress, restoring or improving brain function (such as memory and learning capabilities); suppressing appetite; stabilizing blood sugar levels; improving immune system function and response; etc.

Alternatively, or more preferably, in addition, such compositions can be formulated to contain effective amounts of nutritionally active substituents (such as vitamins, minerals, co- factors, etc.) which build or restore supplies of such substituents damaged by conditions commoniy related to each therapy so as to improve the general health of the recipient.

In a preferred embodiment, the compositions of the present invention are formulated to provide a treatment for the conditions associated with alcoholism and/or the effects of

mood altering prescription or non-prescription drugs (e. g., depressants, narcotics, hallucinogens, stimulants, etc.). Such compositions, especially beverages are formuiated to provide effective amounts of : (1) a liver function repairant (such as alfaffa, choline, dandelion, inositol,L-cysteine,L-methionine,lecithin,milkthistle,niacin ,selenium,vitaminB1,gotukola, vitamin D, yellow dock, zinc and or zinc picolinate); (2) a substituent for reversing alcool- related damage (alfalfa, magnesium, vitamin B1, vitamin D); (3) a substituent for alleviating stress or depression (such as calcium, choline, folic add, GABA, ginkgo biloba, ginseng, gotu kola, inositol, DL-phenylalanine, 5-hydror/-tryptophan, Sedthin, magnesium, PABA, vitamin B3, vitamin B5, vitamin B12, vitamin C); and (4) a substituent for reducing the recipient's desire for alcoho ! (such as daldzin, folic acid, giutathione, kudzu, L-glutamine, L-methionine, St.

Johnswort).

Having now generally described the invention, the same will be more readily understood through reference to the following example which is provided by way of illustration, and is not intended to be limiting of the present invention.

Example 1 Sample Formula In accordance with the teachings of the present invention, a beverage composition is prepared containing: Glutamine 3 g Milk Thistie Seed Extract 2 ml <BR> <BR> <BR> St. Johnswort Buds Extract 1.5 g<BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> Vitamin C 1.5 g Vitamin Bi, B2, B3, Bs, B6t B12 100 mg of each Kudzu 3 mg (daidzin) Selenium 0.1 mg Zinc 50 mg 5-Hydroxy Tryptophan 150 mg Ephedra 375 mg Natural Alcohol Enhancer 0.01% Water (sweetened) Sodium Benzoate preservative

The ingredients were obtained as follows: G, utamine (Twinlab Mega Glutamine); Milk <BR> Thistle Seed Extract (Gaia 1: 1 (80% alcohoi)); St. Johnswort Buds Extract (Gaia 1: 1 (80%<BR> <BR> <BR> alcool)); Vitamin C (Twintab C-1000 crystalline) ; Vitamin B (Twiniab 3-1-group); Kudzu (Nature's Herbs, 1 mg daidzin, 556 mg cap); Selenium (Solaray 100 mcg); Zinc (Twinlab, Zn gluconate, honey and sweetened); 5-Hydroxy Tryptophan (extract Solaray 100 mg & St.

Johnswort); Ephedra (Solaray 375 mg); Natural Alcohol Enhancer (Quest DY08312 (capsaicum, ginger, colatile smells); Water (plain carbonated, sweetened to contain 9.2% sugar).

All ingredients except Natural Alcohol Enhancer and main liquid with carbonation are dissolved in water sufficient to hold them all in solution. After being vacuum filtered to remove solids, the Natural Alcohol Enhancer and main liquid with carbonation are added. The resulting beverage composition is clear, and has a light yellow color. The beverage has a tight licorice flavor similar to the flavor of dilute Galiano liqueur. The beverage has the flavor of a soft drink, but maintains a bite and nose suggestive of an alcoholic drink. The mild flavor of the beverage can be masked, if desired, with other flavorants. The beverage has a satisfactory shelf-life.

While the invention has been described in connection with specific embodiments tnereof, it will be understood that it is capable of further modifications and this application is <BR> <BR> intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations cf the invention following, in gener the principes of the invention and including such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice within the art to which the inventions pertains and as may be applied to the essential features hereinbefore set forth and as follows in the scope of the appended claims.