FERGUSON FLEUR (US)
UNIV CALIFORNIA (US)
CLAIMS We claim: 1. A composition comprising a ligandable tag, a linker, and a labeling enzyme, wherein the linker attaches the ligandable tag to the labeling enzyme. 2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the labeling enzyme is an enzyme which can label a protein for biochemical analysis. 3. The composition of claim 2, wherein the labeling enzyme is a protein having ligase activity. 4. The composition of claim 3, wherein the protein having ligase activity is a biotin ligase. 5. The composition of claim 4, wherein the biotin ligase is miniTurboID, TurboID, AirID, splitTurboID, or BirA. 6. The composition of claim 3, wherein the protein having ligase activity is Formlyglycine, sortase, transglutaminase, farnesyltransferase, APEX, or lipoic acid ligase. 7. The composition of any one of claims 1-6, wherein the ligandable tag is a peptide or nucleic acid. 8. The composition of any one of claims 1-7, wherein the ligandable tag is FKBP12F36V. 9. The composition of any one of claims 1-7, wherein the ligandable tag is HaloTAG, SNAp-tag, CLIp-TAG, LigandLink, or cutinase. 10. The composition of any one of claims 1-9, wherein the linker is a flexible linker. 11. The composition of any one of claims 1-10, wherein the linker is 6 x (GSS) 12. The composition of any one of claims 1-11, wherein the linker attaches the C-terminal end of the labeling enzyme with the N-terminal end of the ligandable tag. 13. The composition of any one of claims 1-11, wherein the linker attaches the N-terminal end of the labeling enzyme with the N-terminal end of the ligandable tag. 14. The composition of any one of claims 1-11, wherein the linker attaches the C-terminal end of the labeling enzyme with the C-terminal end of the ligandable tag. 15. The composition of any one of claims 1-11, wherein the linker attaches the N-terminal end of the labeling enzyme with the C-terminal end of the ligandable tag. 16. The composition of any one of claims 1-15, further comprising a detection moiety or a purification moiety. 17. The composition of claim 16, wherein the detection moiety or purification moiety is a fluorescent molecule, biotin, streptavidin, c-myc, HA, GST, histidines. 18. A nucleic acid construct capable of encoding the composition of any one of claims 1- 17. 19. A nucleic acid construct comprising a nucleic acid sequence capable of encoding a ligandable tag, a nucleic acid sequence capable of encoding a linker, and a nucleic acid sequence capable of encoding a labeling enzyme. 20. The nucleic acid construct of claims 18-19, further comprising a promoter. 21. The nucleic acid construct of claim 20, wherein the promoter is an inducible promoter. 22. The nucleic acid construct of claim 20, wherein the promoter is PGK. 23. The nucleic acid construct of any one of claims 19-22, further comprising a nucleic acid sequence capable of encoding a detection moiety or purification moiety. 24. The nucleic acid construct of claim 23, wherein the detection moiety or purification moiety is a fluorescent molecule, biotin, c-myc, HA, GST, histidines. 25. A vector comprising the nucleic acid construct of claims 18-24. 26. The vector of claim 25, wherein the vector is an expression vector. 27. The vector of claim 26, wherein the expression vector is a viral vector. 28. A composition comprising a ligand conjugated to a molecule of interest. 29. The composition of claim 28, wherein the composition comprises a linker between the ligand and molecule of interest. 30. The composition of claim 29, wherein the linker is a chemical linker. 31. The composition of any one of claims 28-30, wherein the ligand is Ortho-AP1867. 32. The composition of any one of claims 28-31, wherein the ligand is a HaloTag ligand. 33. The composition of claim 32, wherein the HaloTag ligand is a haloalkane. 34. The composition of any one of claims 28-33, wherein the molecule of interest is ribociclib. 35. The composition of any one of claims 28-33, wherein the molecule of interest is (+)- S-JQ1. 36. The composition of any one of claims 28-33, wherein the molecule of interest is trametinib. 37. A composition comprising the structure of 38. A composition comprising the structure of 39. A composition comprising the structure of 40. A composition comprising the structure of 41. A system comprising a labeling composition and a targeting composition, wherein the labeling composition comprises a ligandable tag, a linker, and a labeling enzyme, wherein the linker attaches the ligandable tag to the labeling enzyme, wherein the targeting composition comprises a ligand conjugated to a molecule of interest, wherein the ligand of the targeting composition is a ligand for the ligandable tag of the labeling composition. 42. The system of claim 41, wherein the labeling composition and the targeting composition are bound to each other. 43. A method of detecting a binding partner of a molecule of interest comprising a) adding a labeling composition and a target composition to a sample, wherein the labeling composition comprises a ligandable tag conjugated to a labeling enzyme, wherein the target composition comprises a ligand and a molecule of interest, wherein the ligand of the target composition is a ligand for the ligandable tag of the labeling composition; b) incubating the labeling composition and target composition with the sample under conditions that allow the molecule of interest to bind to a binding partner in the sample, wherein when the molecule of interest binds to a binding partner in the sample, the labeling enzyme labels the binding partner, c) detecting the presence of the label in the sample, wherein the presence of a label is indicative of a binding partner of a molecule of interest present in the sample. 44. The method of claim 43, wherein the labeling composition is added to a cell of the sample using transfection, transduction, or genetic engineering. 45. The method of any one of claims 43-44, wherein the labeling enzyme is any enzyme which can label a protein for biochemical analysis. 46. The method of any one of claims 43-45, wherein the labeling enzyme is a protein ligase. 47. The method of any one of claims 43-46, wherein the protein ligase is a biotin ligase. 48. The method of claim 47, wherein the biotin ligase is miniTurboID, TurboID, or BirA. 49. The method of any one of claims 47-48, wherein the protein ligase is Formlyglycine, sortase, transglutaminase, farnesyltransferase, or lipoic acid ligase. 50. The method of any one of claims 43-49, wherein the ligandable tag is FKBPF36V. 51. The method of any one of claims 43-50, wherein the ligandable tag is Halo TAG, SNAp-tag, CLIp-TAG, LigandLink, or cutinase. 52. The method of any one of claims 43-51, wherein the composition comprises a linker between the ligand and molecule of interest. 53. The method of claim 52, wherein the linker is a chemical linker. 54. A method of identifying a binding partner of a molecule of interest comprising a) adding a labeling composition and a targeting composition to a sample, wherein the labeling composition comprises a ligandable tag, a linker, and a labeling enzyme, wherein the linker attaches the ligandable tag to the labeling enzyme, wherein the targeting composition comprises a ligand conjugated to a molecule of interest, wherein the ligand of the targeting composition is a ligand for the ligandable tag of the labeling composition; b) incubating the labeling composition and targeting composition with the sample under conditions that allow the molecule of interest to bind to a binding partner in the sample, wherein when the molecule of interest binds to a binding partner in the sample, wherein the labeling enzyme labels the binding partner; c) detecting the presence of the label in the sample, and d) identifying the labeled binding partner. 55. The method of claim 54, further comprising isolating the labeled binding partner from the molecule of interest prior to identifying. 56. The method of claims 54, wherein identifying the labeled binding partner comprises isolating any labeled molecules from the sample. 57. The method of any one of claims 54-56, wherein identifying the labeled binding partner comprises performing proteomics, immunoblotting, or imaging. 58. The method of any one of claims 54-57, wherein the labeling enzyme is a protein ligase. 59. The method of claim 58, wherein the protein ligase is any enzyme which can label a protein for biochemical analysis. 60. The method of any one of claims 54-59, wherein the protein ligase is a biotin ligase. 61. The method of claim 60, wherein the biotin ligase is miniTurboID, TurboID, or BirA. 62. The method of any one of claims 54-61, wherein the protein ligase is Formlyglycine, sortase, transglutaminase, farnesyltransferase, APEX, or lipoic acid ligase. 63. The method of any one of claims 54-62, wherein the ligandable tag is FKBP12F36V. 64. The method of any one of claims 54-63, wherein the ligandable tag is Halo TAG, SNAp-tag, CLIp-TAG, LigandLink, or cutinase. 65. The method of any one of claims 54-64, wherein the composition comprises a linker between the ligand and molecule of interest. 66. The method of claim 65, wherein the linker is a chemical linker. 67. The method of any one of claims 54-66, wherein the ligand is Ortho-AP1867. |
All caps represent a vector backbone and promoter sequence. Lower case letters represent miniTurboID. Bold all caps represent the (GGSG)6 (SEQ ID NO:2) linker . Bold lower case represents FKBP12 F36V . Bold lower case and underlined represents 2xHA tag. Italicized all caps represents bGH terminator sequence and vector backbone. [0066] In some aspects, the vector can be an expression vector. The term "expression vector" includes any vector, (e.g., a plasmid, cosmid or phage chromosome) containing a gene construct in a form suitable for expression by a cell (e.g., linked to a transcriptional control element). "Plasmid" and "vector" are used interchangeably, as a plasmid is a commonly used form of vector. Moreover, the invention is intended to include other vectors which serve equivalent functions. [0067] In some aspects, the vectors are used to deliver the disclosed nucleic acid sequences to cells to ultimately result in expression of the proteins encoded by the nucleic acid sequences. These proteins can then be used in the methods disclosed herein. [0068] In some aspects, the vector can be a viral vector. For example, the viral vector can be an adeno-associated viral vector (AAV). In some aspects, the AAV can be AAV9. In some aspects, the vector can be a non-viral vector, such as a DNA based vector. [0069] In some aspects, the vector is AAV9. In some aspects, the disclosed vectors are considered recombinant vectors. A recombinant AAV can lack two essential genes for viral integration and replication but remains primarily episomal and can persist in non-dividing cells for long periods of time. (A)Viral and Non-Viral Vectors [0070] There are a number of compositions and methods which can be used to deliver the disclosed nucleic acids to cells in order to produce the proteins encoded by the nucleic acid sequences. These methods and compositions can largely be broken down into two classes: viral based delivery systems and non-viral based delivery systems. For example, the nucleic acids can be delivered to cells through a number of direct delivery systems such as, electroporation, lipofection, calcium phosphate precipitation, plasmids, viral vectors, viral nucleic acids, phage nucleic acids, phages, cosmids, or via transfer of genetic material in cells or carriers such as cationic liposomes. Appropriate means for transfection, including viral vectors, chemical transfectants, or physico-mechanical methods such as electroporation and direct diffusion of DNA, are described by, for example, Wolff, J. A., et al., Science, 247, 1465-1468, (1990); and Wolff, J. A. Nature, 352, 815-818, (1991). Such methods are well known in the art and readily adaptable for use with the compositions and methods described herein. In certain cases, the methods will be modified to specifically function with large DNA molecules. [0071] Expression vectors can be any nucleotide construction used to deliver genes or gene fragments into cells (e.g., a plasmid), or as part of a general strategy to deliver genes or gene fragments, e.g., as part of recombinant retrovirus or adenovirus (Ram et al. Cancer Res.53:83- 88, (1993)). For example, disclosed herein are expression vectors comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding a ligandable tag, a linker and a labeling enzyme. [0072] The “control elements” present in an expression vector are those non-translated regions of the vector--enhancers, promoters (.e.g. a human pro-B-type natriuretic protein (hBNP) promoter), 5’ and 3’ untranslated regions--which interact with host cellular proteins to carry out transcription and translation. Such elements may vary in their strength and specificity. Depending on the vector system and host utilized, any number of suitable transcription and translation elements, including constitutive and inducible promoters, may be used. For example, when cloning in bacterial systems, inducible promoters such as PGK, the hybrid lacZ promoter of the pBLUESCRIPT phagemid (Stratagene, La Jolla, Calif.) or pSPORT1 plasmid (Gibco BRL, Gaithersburg, Md.) and the like may be used. If it is necessary to generate a cell line that contains multiple copies of the sequence encoding a polypeptide, vectors based on SV40 or EBV may be advantageously used with an appropriate selectable marker. [0073] Enhancer generally refers to a sequence of DNA that functions at no fixed distance from the transcription start site and can be either 5’ (Laimins, L. et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.78: 993 (1981)) or 3’ (Lusky, M.L., et al., Mol. Cell Bio.3: 1108 (1983)) to the transcription unit. Furthermore, enhancers can be within an intron (Banerji, J.L. et al., Cell 33: 729 (1983)) as well as within the coding sequence itself (Osborne, T.F., et al., Mol. Cell Bio.4: 1293 (1984)). They are usually between 10 and 300 bp in length, and they function in cis. Enhancers function to increase transcription from nearby promoters. Enhancers also often contain response elements that mediate the regulation of transcription. Promoters can also contain response elements that mediate the regulation of transcription. Enhancers often determine the regulation of expression of a gene. While many enhancer sequences are now known from mammalian genes (globin, elastase, albumin, α-fetoprotein and insulin), typically one will use an enhancer from a eukaryotic cell virus for general expression. Preferred examples are the SV40 enhancer on the late side of the replication origin (bp 100-270), the cytomegalovirus early promoter enhancer, the polyoma enhancer on the late side of the replication origin, and adenovirus enhancers. [0074] The promoter or enhancer may be specifically activated either by light or specific chemical events which trigger their function. Systems can be regulated by reagents such as tetracycline and dexamethasone. There are also ways to enhance viral vector gene expression by exposure to irradiation, such as gamma irradiation, or alkylating chemotherapy drugs. [0075] Optionally, the promoter or enhancer region can act as a constitutive promoter or enhancer to maximize expression of the polynucleotides of the invention. In certain constructs the promoter or enhancer region be active in all eukaryotic cell types, even if it is only expressed in a particular type of cell at a particular time. [0076] Expression vectors used in eukaryotic host cells (yeast, fungi, insect, plant, animal, human or nucleated cells) may also contain sequences necessary for the termination of transcription which may affect mRNA expression. These regions are transcribed as polyadenylated segments in the untranslated portion of the mRNA encoding tissue factor protein. The 3’ untranslated regions also include transcription termination sites. It is preferred that the transcription unit also contains a polyadenylation region. One benefit of this region is that it increases the likelihood that the transcribed unit will be processed and transported like mRNA. The identification and use of polyadenylation signals in expression constructs is well established. It is preferred that homologous polyadenylation signals be used in the transgene constructs. In certain transcription units, the polyadenylation region is derived from the SV40 early polyadenylation signal and consists of about 400 bases. [0077] The expression vectors can include a nucleic acid sequence encoding a marker product. This marker product can be used to determine if the gene has been delivered to the cell and once delivered is being expressed. Marker genes can include, but are not limited to the E. coli lacZ gene, which encodes ß-galactosidase, and the gene encoding the green fluorescent protein. [0078] In some embodiments the marker may be a selectable marker. Examples of suitable selectable markers for mammalian cells are dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), thymidine kinase, neomycin, neomycin analog G418, hydromycin, and puromycin. When such selectable markers are successfully transferred into a mammalian host cell, the transformed mammalian host cell can survive if placed under selective pressure. There are two widely used distinct categories of selective regimes. The first category is based on a cell’s metabolism and the use of a mutant cell line which lacks the ability to grow independent of a supplemented media. Two examples are CHO DHFR-cells and mouse LTK-cells. These cells lack the ability to grow without the addition of such nutrients as thymidine or hypoxanthine. Because these cells lack certain genes necessary for a complete nucleotide synthesis pathway, they cannot survive unless the missing nucleotides are provided in a supplemented media. An alternative to supplementing the media is to introduce an intact DHFR or TK gene into cells lacking the respective genes, thus altering their growth requirements. Individual cells which were not transformed with the DHFR or TK gene will not be capable of survival in non-supplemented media. [0079] Another type of selection that can be used with the composition and methods disclosed herein is dominant selection which refers to a selection scheme used in any cell type and does not require the use of a mutant cell line. These schemes typically use a drug to arrest growth of a host cell. Those cells which have a novel gene would express a protein conveying drug resistance and would survive the selection. Examples of such dominant selection use the drugs neomycin, (Southern P. and Berg, P., J. Molec. Appl. Genet.1: 327 (1982)), mycophenolic acid, (Mulligan, R.C. and Berg, P. Science 209: 1422 (1980)) or hygromycin, (Sugden, B. et al., Mol. Cell. Biol.5: 410-413 (1985)). The three examples employ bacterial genes under eukaryotic control to convey resistance to the appropriate drug G418 or neomycin (geneticin), xgpt (mycophenolic acid) or hygromycin, respectively. Others include the neomycin analog G418 and puramycin. [0080] As used herein, plasmid or viral vectors are agents that transport the disclosed nucleic acids, such as a nucleic acid sequence capable of encoding one or more of the disclosed peptides into the cell without degradation and include a promoter yielding expression of the gene in the cells into which it is delivered. In some embodiments the nucleic acid sequences disclosed herein are derived from either a virus or a retrovirus. Viral vectors are, for example, Adenovirus, Adeno-associated virus, Herpes virus, Vaccinia virus, Polio virus, AIDS virus, neuronal trophic virus, Sindbis and other RNA viruses, including these viruses with the HIV backbone. Also preferred are any viral families which share the properties of these viruses which make them suitable for use as vectors. Retroviruses include Murine Maloney Leukemia virus, MMLV, and retroviruses that express the desirable properties of MMLV as a vector. Retroviral vectors are able to carry a larger genetic payload, i.e., a transgene or marker gene, than other viral vectors, and for this reason are a commonly used vector. However, they are not as useful in non-proliferating cells. Adenovirus vectors are relatively stable and easy to work with, have high titers, and can be delivered in aerosol formulation, and can transfect non- dividing cells. Pox viral vectors are large and have several sites for inserting genes, they are thermostable and can be stored at room temperature. [0081] Viral vectors can have higher transaction abilities (i.e., ability to introduce genes) than chemical or physical methods of introducing genes into cells. Typically, viral vectors contain, nonstructural early genes, structural late genes, an RNA polymerase III transcript, inverted terminal repeats necessary for replication and encapsidation, and promoters to control the transcription and replication of the viral genome. When engineered as vectors, viruses typically have one or more of the early genes removed and a gene or gene/promoter cassette is inserted into the viral genome in place of the removed viral DNA. Constructs of this type can carry up to about 8 kb of foreign genetic material. The necessary functions of the removed early genes are typically supplied by cell lines which have been engineered to express the gene products of the early genes in trans. [0082] Retroviral vectors, in general, are described by Verma, I.M., Retroviral vectors for gene transfer. A retrovirus is essentially a package which has packed into it nucleic acid cargo. The nucleic acid cargo carries with it a packaging signal, which ensures that the replicated daughter molecules will be efficiently packaged within the package coat. In addition to the package signal, there are a number of molecules which are needed in cis, for the replication, and packaging of the replicated virus. Typically a retroviral genome contains the gag, pol, and env genes which are involved in the making of the protein coat. It is the gag, pol, and env genes which are typically replaced by the foreign DNA that it is to be transferred to the target cell. Retrovirus vectors typically contain a packaging signal for incorporation into the package coat, a sequence which signals the start of the gag transcription unit, elements necessary for reverse transcription, including a primer binding site to bind the tRNA primer of reverse transcription, terminal repeat sequences that guide the switch of RNA strands during DNA synthesis, a purine rich sequence 5' to the 3' LTR that serves as the priming site for the synthesis of the second strand of DNA synthesis, and specific sequences near the ends of the LTRs that enable the insertion of the DNA state of the retrovirus to insert into the host genome. This amount of nucleic acid is sufficient for the delivery of a one to many genes depending on the size of each transcript. It is preferable to include either positive or negative selectable markers along with other genes in the insert. [0083] Since the replication machinery and packaging proteins in most retroviral vectors have been removed (gag, pol, and env), the vectors are typically generated by placing them into a packaging cell line. A packaging cell line is a cell line which has been transfected or transformed with a retrovirus that contains the replication and packaging machinery but lacks any packaging signal. When the vector carrying the DNA of choice is transfected into these cell lines, the vector containing the gene of interest is replicated and packaged into new retroviral particles, by the machinery provided in cis by the helper cell. The genomes for the machinery are not packaged because they lack the necessary signals. [0084] The construction of replication-defective adenoviruses has been described (Berkner et al., J. Virology 61:1213-1220 (1987); Massie et al., Mol. Cell. Biol.6:2872-2883 (1986); Haj- Ahmad et al., J. Virology 57:267-274 (1986); Davidson et al., J. Virology 61:1226-1239 (1987); Zhang “Generation and identification of recombinant adenovirus by liposome-mediated transfection and PCR analysis” BioTechniques 15:868-872 (1993)). The benefit of the use of these viruses as vectors is that they are limited in the extent to which they can spread to other cell types, since they can replicate within an initial infected cell but are unable to form new infectious viral particles. Recombinant adenoviruses have been shown to achieve high efficiency gene transfer after direct, in vivo delivery to airway epithelium, hepatocytes, vascular endothelium, CNS parenchyma and a number of other tissue sites (Morsy, J. Clin. Invest. 92:1580-1586 (1993); Kirshenbaum, J. Clin. Invest.92:381-387 (1993); Roessler, J. Clin. Invest. 92:1085-1092 (1993); Moullier, Nature Genetics 4:154-159 (1993); La Salle, Science 259:988- 990 (1993); Gomez-Foix, J. Biol. Chem.267:25129-25134 (1992); Rich, Human Gene Therapy 4:461-476 (1993); Zabner, Nature Genetics 6:75-83 (1994); Guzman, Circulation Research 73:1201-1207 (1993); Bout, Human Gene Therapy 5:3-10 (1994); Zabner, Cell 75:207-216 (1993); Caillaud, Eur. J. Neuroscience 5:1287-1291 (1993); and Ragot, J. Gen. Virology 74:501-507 (1993)) the teachings of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety for their teaching of methods for using retroviral vectors for gene therapy. Recombinant adenoviruses achieve gene transduction by binding to specific cell surface receptors, after which the virus is internalized by receptor-mediated endocytosis, in the same manner as wild type or replication-defective adenovirus (Chardonnet and Dales, Virology 40:462-477 (1970); Brown and Burlingham, J. Virology 12:386-396 (1973); Svensson and Persson, J. Virology 55:442-449 (1985); Seth, et al., J. Virol. 51:650-655 (1984); Seth, et al., Mol. Cell. Biol., 4:1528-1533 (1984); Varga et al., J. Virology 65:6061-6070 (1991); Wickham et al., Cell 73:309-319 (1993)). [0085] A viral vector can be one based on an adenovirus which has had the E1 gene removed and these virons are generated in a cell line such as the human 293 cell line. Optionally, both the E1 and E3 genes are removed from the adenovirus genome. [0086] Another type of viral vector that can be used to introduce the polynucleotides of the invention into a cell is based on an adeno-associated virus (AAV). This defective parvovirus is a preferred vector because it can infect many cell types and is nonpathogenic to humans. AAV type vectors can transport about 4 to 5 kb and wild type AAV is known to stably insert into chromosome 19. Vectors which contain this site specific integration property are preferred. An especially preferred embodiment of this type of vector is the P4.1 C vector produced by Avigen, San Francisco, CA, which can contain the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene, HSV-tk, or a marker gene, such as the gene encoding the green fluorescent protein, GFP. [0087] In another type of AAV virus, the AAV contains a pair of inverted terminal repeats (ITRs) which flank at least one cassette containing a promoter which directs cell-specific expression operably linked to a heterologous gene. Heterologous in this context refers to any nucleotide sequence or gene, which is not native to the AAV or B19 parvovirus. Typically, the AAV and B19 coding regions have been deleted, resulting in a safe, noncytotoxic vector. The AAV ITRs, or modifications thereof, confer infectivity and site-specific integration, but not cytotoxicity, and the promoter directs cell-specific expression. United States Patent No. 6,261,834 is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety for material related to the AAV vector. [0088] The inserted genes in viral and retroviral vectors usually contain promoters, or enhancers to help control the expression of the desired gene product. A promoter is generally a sequence or sequences of DNA that function when in a relatively fixed location in regard to the transcription start site. A promoter contains core elements required for basic interaction of RNA polymerase and transcription factors, and may contain upstream elements and response elements. [0089] Other useful systems include, for example, replicating and host-restricted non- replicating vaccinia virus vectors. In addition, the disclosed nucleic acid sequences can be delivered to a target cell in a non-nucleic acid based system. For example, the disclosed polynucleotides can be delivered through electroporation, or through lipofection, or through calcium phosphate precipitation. 2. Ligand conjugated to molecule of interest (Targeting Composition) [0090] Disclosed are compositions comprising a ligand conjugated to a molecule of interest. In some aspects, the compositions comprising a ligand conjugated to a molecule of interest are not fully protein based, meaning at least one element of the compositions is chemical, or compound, based. Thus, in some aspects, the compositions comprising a ligand conjugated to a molecule of interest are not entirely genetically encodeable. a. Ligand [0091] In some aspects, a ligand is a molecule that is capable of binding to a ligandable tag. Non-limiting examples of ligands and a corresponding ligandable tag are provided in Table 1. [0092] In some aspects, the ligand binds to a ligandable tag such as, but not limited to, FKBP12 F36V , HaloTAG, SNAP-tag, CLIP-TAG, split inteins (e.g. M. tuberculosis RecA intein donor), SpyCatcher, or LigandLink. Thus, in some aspects, the ligand can be, Ortho-AP1867, Haloalkanes (e.g. JF549), O6-benzylguanine/O6-benzylguanine derivatives/benzyl-2-chloro-6- aminopyrimidines, benzylcytosine derivatives, M. tuberculosis RecA intein acceptor, SpyTag, or trimethoprim derivatives, respectively. In some aspects, the BromoTag system can be used. b. Molecule of Interest [0093] In some aspects, a molecule of interest can be a peptide, protein, nucleic acid sequence, small molecule, or compound. Specifically, in some aspects, a molecule of interest can be an antibody, an enzyme, DNA, or RNA. In some aspects, the molecule of interest can be used as bait to determine what its binding partner (i.e. target of interest) can be. In some aspects, the target of interest is unknown and therefore the molecule of interest can be used to identify the unknown target of interest. In some aspects, the target of interest is known and therefore a specific molecule of interest can be used in order to confirm binding between the molecule of interest and the target of interest. In some aspects, the molecule of interest binds to the target of interest and the target interest can have a set of molecular interactions (e.g. interactome). Thus, in some aspect, the molecule of interest can be used to determine its direct binding partner (e.g. target of interest) or indirect interactions (e.g. interactome). [0094] In some aspects, the molecule of interest is ribociclib, (+)-S-JQ1, or trametinib. [0095] In some aspects, the molecule of interest can be a drug candidate or drug-of-interest. c. Linkers [0096] In some aspects, the compositions can comprise a linker between the ligand and molecule of interest. In some aspects, the linker can be a chemical linker. In some aspects, the linker is not protein based. In some aspects, the linker is synthesizable. In some aspects, the linker is conjugatable. [0097] In some aspects, the linker can be, but is not limited to, PEGs, hydrocarbons, mixed aliphatic/aromatic ring structures. [0098] In some aspects, the linker can be based on one or more of the following structures: - CH2-CH2-O-CH2-CH2-; -CH2-CH2-(CH2-O-CH2)3-CH2-CH2; -CH2-(CH2-O-CH2)2-CH2-; - (CH 2 ) 3 -; -(CH 2 ) 5 -. d. Examples [0099] Disclosed are examples of compositions comprising a ligand conjugated to a molecule of interest. [00100] In some aspects, the composition can have the following structure:
ii. Complexes [00101] Disclosed are complexes comprising a first composition comprising a ligandable tag, a linker, and a labeling enzyme, wherein the linker attaches the ligandable tag to the labeling enzyme, bound to or otherwise interacting with a second composition comprising a ligand conjugated to a molecule of interest, wherein the complex is bound via an interaction between the ligandable tag and the ligand. [00102] The disclosed complexes can comprise a combination of the compositions described throughout. [00103] In some aspects, the disclosed complexes can include a labeling composition and a targeting composition, wherein wherein the labeling composition comprises a ligandable tag, a linker, and a labeling enzyme, wherein the linker attaches the ligandable tag to the labeling enzyme and the targeting composition comprises a ligand conjugated to a molecule of interest. [00104] In some aspects, the complexes can comprise the target of interest and/or the target of interest’s interactome. C. Systems [00105] Disclosed are systems comprising a labeling composition and a targeting composition, wherein the labeling composition comprises a ligandable tag, a linker, and a labeling enzyme, wherein the linker attaches the ligandable tag to the labeling enzyme, wherein the targeting composition comprises a ligand conjugated to a molecule of interest, wherein the ligand of the targeting composition is a ligand for the ligandable tag of the labeling composition. [00106] In some aspects, the disclosed systems comprise both the labeling composition and targeting composition bound to each other in order to act a single component able to further bind to a target of interest and optionally label the target of interest. [00107] In some aspects of the disclosed systems, the components can be any of those as described throughout. For example, the ligandable tag, linker and labeling enzyme can be any of those described herein. D. Methods [00108] Disclosed are methods of using the one or more of the compositions disclosed throughout. 1. Methods of Detecting [00109] Disclosed are methods of detecting a binding partner of a molecule of interest comprising adding a labeling composition and a target composition to a sample, wherein the labeling composition comprises a ligandable tag conjugated to a labeling enzyme, wherein the target composition comprises a ligand and a molecule of interest, wherein the ligand of the target composition is a ligand for the ligandable tag of the labeling composition; incubating the labeling composition and target composition with the sample under conditions that allow the molecule of interest to bind to a binding partner in the sample, wherein when the molecule of interest binds to a binding partner in the sample, the labeling enzyme labels the binding partner, detecting the presence of the label in the sample, wherein the presence of a label is indicative of a binding partner of a molecule of interest present in the sample. In some aspects, the binding partner can be isolated and further characterized. In some aspects, the binding partner can be a target of interest. [00110] In some aspects, the disclosed methods can be performed in vitro or in vivo. Thus, in some aspects, the sample is a cell culture (in vitro) or an animal (in vivo). [00111] In some aspects, adding a labeling composition and a target composition to a sample can be performed simultaneously or consecutively. [00112] In some aspects, incubating the labeling composition and target composition with the sample can occur for at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, or 24 hours. In some aspects, the incubating can occur while the sample is rocking or mixing. [00113] In some aspects, detecting the presence of the label in the sample can vary based on what labeling system is used. For example, if the label is biotin then the biotin labeled binding partner can be isolated with streptavidin and then detected using immunoassays and/or imaging. [00114] In some aspects, the sample comprises the binding partner (e.g. a target of interest). In some aspects, the sample is a cell culture, bodily fluid (e.g. blood, plasma, urine, saliva, etc.), or tissue (e.g. brain, muscle, or heart), or whole organism (e.g. mouse, rat, zebrafish, fly, etc). [00115] In some aspects, the labeling enzyme is any enzyme that can label a binding partner (e.g. target of interest), such as a protein, for biochemical analysis. In some aspects, the labeling enzyme is a protein with ligase activity. In some aspects, the protein with ligase activity is a biotin ligase. Formlyglycine, sortase, transglutaminase, farnesyltransferase, or lipoic acid ligase. In some aspects, a biotin ligase can be, but is not limited to, miniTurboID, TurboID, or BirA. [00116] In some aspects, the ligandable tag in the labeling composition binds to its ligand in the targeting composition bringing together the labeling composition and the targeting composition. In some aspects, the ligandable tag is FKBP F36V , Halo TAG, SNAP-tag, CLIP- TAG, split inteins (e.g. M. tuberculosis RecA intein donor), SpyCatcher, or LigandLink. Thus, in some aspects, the ligand (in the target composition) can be, Ortho-AP1867, Haloalkanes (e.g. JF549), O6-benzylguanine/O6-benzylguanine derivatives/benzyl-2-chloro-6-aminopyrimidines, benzylcytosine derivatives, M. tuberculosis RecA intein acceptor, SpyTag, or trimethoprim derivatives, respectively. [00117] In some aspects, the targeting composition comprises a linker between the ligand and molecule of interest. In some aspects, the linker is a chemical linker. [00118] In some aspects, the labeling composition comprises a linker between the ligandable tag and labeling enzyme. In some aspects, the linker is an amino acid based linker. [00119] In some aspects of the disclosed method, the ligand of the targeting composition binds to the ligandable tag of the labeling composition. Meanwhile, the molecule of interest on the targeting composition binds to a binding partner (e.g. target of interest) in the sample. Due to the binding of the labeling composition and the target composition, the labeling enzyme on the labeling composition can be placed into close enough proximity to the binding partner in the sample to result in the labeling enzyme attaching a label to the binding partner. In some aspects, any other molecules also bound to the binding partner can also be labeled by the labeling enzyme. In some aspects, this allows for detection of the binding partner and other molecules that interact with the binding partner. Thus, in some aspects, the methods disclosed herein can be used to study an interactome of a binding partner. [00120] In some aspects, detecting the labeled binding partners allows for screening for “off target” binding of the binding partners. For example, the methods disclosed herein can allow for detection of additional binding partners for a molecule of interest. 2. Methods of Identifying [00121] Not only can the disclosed compositions be used to detect a binding partner of a molecule of interest present in a target composition, the disclosed compositions can also be used to identify the binding partner (e.g. target of interest). Thus, disclosed are methods of identifying a binding partner of a molecule of interest comprising adding a labeling composition and a targeting composition to a sample, wherein the labeling composition comprises a ligandable tag, a linker, and a labeling enzyme, wherein the linker attaches the ligandable tag to the labeling enzyme, wherein the targeting composition comprises a ligand conjugated to a molecule of interest, wherein the ligand of the targeting composition is a ligand for the ligandable tag of the labeling composition; incubating the labeling composition and targeting composition with the sample under conditions that allow the molecule of interest to bind to a binding partner in the sample, wherein when the molecule of interest binds to a binding partner in the sample, wherein the labeling enzyme labels the binding partner; detecting the presence of the label in the sample, and identifying the labeled binding partner. [00122] In some aspects, the binding partner is a target of interest and the disclosed methods can be used to identify a molecule of interest that binds to a specific target of interest. For example disclosed are methods of identifying a molecule of interest that binds to a binding partner comprising adding a labeling composition and a targeting composition to a sample, wherein the labeling composition comprises a ligandable tag, a linker, and a labeling enzyme, wherein the linker attaches the ligandable tag to the labeling enzyme, wherein the targeting composition comprises a ligand conjugated to a molecule of interest, wherein the ligand of the targeting composition is a ligand for the ligandable tag of the labeling composition; incubating the labeling composition and targeting composition with the sample under conditions that allow the molecule of interest to bind to a binding partner in the sample, wherein when the molecule of interest binds to a binding partner in the sample, wherein the labeling enzyme labels the binding partner; detecting the presence of the label in the sample, and thereby identifying the molecule of interest that binds to the binding partner. [00123] In some aspects, the methods of identifying a binding partner can include all of the steps of the disclosed methods of detecting disclosed herein. In some aspects, the methods of identifying a binding partner can further comprise isolating the labeled binding partner from the molecule of interest prior to identifying a binding partner. [00124] In some aspects, identifying the labeled binding partner can further comprise isolating any labeled molecules from the sample. In some aspects, the methods of identifying a binding partner allows for the removal of any non-specific artifacts present in a sample. [00125] In some aspects, identifying the labeled binding partner comprises performing proteomics, mass spectrometry, immunoblotting, imaging, Homogeneous Time-Resolved Fluorescence (HTRF), mesoscale, Elisa, luminex, alphalisa, or nanopore based sequencing of peptides. [00126] In some aspects, adding a labeling composition and a target composition to a sample can be performed simultaneously or consecutively. [00127] In some aspects, incubating the labeling composition and target composition with the sample can occur for at least 0.1, 0.25.0.5, 0.75, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, or 24 hours. In some aspects, the incubating can occur while the sample is rocking or mixing. [00128] In some aspects, detecting the presence of the label in the sample can vary based on what labeling system is used. For example, if the label is biotin then the biotin labeled binding partner can be isolated with streptavidin and then detected using immunoassays and/or imaging. [00129] In some aspects, the sample comprises the binding partner (i.e. target of interest). In some aspects, the sample is a cell culture, bodily fluid (e.g. blood, plasma, urine, saliva, etc.), tissue (e.g. brain, muscle, heart), or whole organism (e.g. zebrafish, fly, etc). [00130] In some aspects, the labeling enzyme is any enzyme which can label a target of interest, such as a protein, for biochemical analysis. In some aspects, the labeling enzyme is a protein with ligase activity. In some aspects, the protein with ligase activity is a biotin ligase. Formlyglycine, sortase, transglutaminase, farnesyltransferase, or lipoic acid ligase. In some aspects, a biotin ligase can be, but is not limited to, miniTurboID, TurboID, or BirA. [00131] In some aspects, the ligandable tag in the labeling composition binds to its ligand in the target composition bringing together the labeling composition and the target composition. In some aspects, the ligandable tag is FKBP F36V , Halo TAG, SNAp-tag, CLIp-TAG, LigandLink, or cutinase. Thus, in some aspects, the ligand (in the target composition) can be, Ortho-AP1867, Haloalkanes (e.g. JF549), O6-benzylguanine/O6-benzylguanine derivatives/benzyl-2-chloro-6- aminopyrimidines, benzylcytosine derivatives, trimethoprim derivatives, or p-nitrophenyl phosphonate, respectively. [00132] In some aspects, the targeting composition comprises a linker between the ligand and molecule of interest. In some aspects, the linker is a chemical linker. [00133] In some aspects, the labeling composition comprises a linker between the ligandable tag and labeling enzyme. In some aspects, the linker is an amino acid based linker. [00134] In some aspects of the disclosed method, the ligand of the targeting composition binds to the ligandable tag of the labeling composition. Meanwhile, the molecule of interest on the targeting composition binds to a binding partner (target of interest) in the sample. Due to the binding of the labeling composition and the target composition, the labeling enzyme on the labeling composition is in close enough proximity to the binding partner in the sample to result in the labeling enzyme attaching a label to the binding partner. In some aspects, any other molecules also bound to the binding partner can also be labeled by the labeling enzyme. In some aspects, this allows for detecting the binding partner and other molecules that interact with the binding partner. Once the presence of a binding partner is detected, the binding partner can be identified. In some aspects, the labeled binding partner can be isolated. For example, the label can be used to also isolate, such as using biotin label and isolating with streptavidin. In some aspects, once isolated, the binding partner can be analyzed using any known method for analyzing proteins or nucleic acids. 3. Methods of Screening [00135] Disclosed are methods of screening a compound of interest comprising adding a labeling composition and a target composition to a sample, wherein the labeling composition comprises a ligandable tag conjugated to a labeling enzyme, wherein the target composition comprises a ligand and a molecule of interest, wherein the ligand of the target composition is a ligand for the ligandable tag of the labeling composition; incubating the labeling composition, target composition and a compound of interest with the sample under conditions that allow the molecule of interest to bind to a binding partner in the sample, wherein if the compound of interest does not interfere with the molecule of interest binding to a binding partner then the molecule of interest binds to a binding partner, and the labeling enzyme labels the binding partner, wherein if the compound of interest interferes with the molecule of interest binding to a binding partner then the molecule of interest does not bind to a binding partner and the labeling enzyme does not label the binding partner; detecting the presence or absence of the label in the sample. Thus, in some aspects, the presence of a label is indicative of a binding partner of a molecule of interest present in the sample, wherein the binding is not altered by the compound of interest. In some aspects, the absence of a label is indicative of a compound of interest interfering with the molecule of interest binding to a binding partner. Therefore, in some aspects, this screen can identify drugs that are involved in certain pathways. [00136] In some aspects, if the compound of interest enhances binding of a molecule of interest to its binding partner, the disclosed method of screening would show enhanced binding (or higher levels of binding). [00137] In some aspects, this method uses any of the labeling compositions and a target compositions disclosed herein. [00138] In some aspects, incubating with the compound of interest can occur for at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, or 24 hours. [00139] In some aspects, the sample comprises the binding partner (i.e. target of interest). In some aspects, the sample is a cell culture, bodily fluid (e.g. blood, plasma, urine, saliva, etc.), tissue (e.g. brain, muscle, heart), or whole organism (e.g. zebrafish, fly, etc). E. Kits [00140] The materials described above as well as other materials can be packaged together in any suitable combination as a kit useful for performing, or aiding in the performance of, the disclosed method. It is useful if the kit components in a given kit are designed and adapted for use together in the disclosed method. For example disclosed are kits comprising one or more of the disclosed compositions. Examples A. Example 1: A Biotin Targeting Chimera (BioTAC) System to Map Small Molecule Interactomes in situ 1. Introduction [00141] Small molecule targeted therapies are a cornerstone of modern medicine, providing effective treatments for a wide range of diseases. However, the clinical effects of candidate therapies in patients can be highly variable, even when they bind the same therapeutic target with equal affinity. This divergent pharmacology can be due to uncharacterized off-target effects, combinatorial polypharmacology, or from small molecules inducing changes in the interactome of their protein targets through allosteric effects or ‘molecular glue’ effects. Despite the critical role of small molecules in drug discovery and development, there is a lack of comprehensive, network-scale profiling methods that inform on the cellular interactomes of small molecules. [00142] Examples of small-molecule mediated interactome rewiring are well studied in cancer, where targeted therapies frequently induce functional changes in the complexation of their protein targets. For example, blockbuster cancer drugs, such as trametinib and lenalidomide, exert efficacy through the promotion of novel protein complexes, now known as ‘molecular glue’ pharmacology. Unanticipated protein complex rewiring is also a major cause of drug candidate failures, for example underpinning adverse effects of 1st generation RAF inhibitors in RAS driven tumors, and resistance to BET bromodomain inhibitors in triple- negative breast cancer and neuroblastoma. However, the discovery of interactome changes that mediate both drug efficacy and drug resistance has so far been serendipitous, as researchers investigate why certain drugs display unexpected pharmacology in the clinic. Despite their central importance, effects on target complexation remain uncharacterized for most protein ligands, representing a ‘blind spot’ in compound characterization workflows. [00143] Current gold-standard technologies for unbiased target-ID are the chemical proteomic techniques photoaffinity labelling and microenvironment mapping (µMap) that use UV-light initiated diazirine photochemistry to label liganded proteins with affinity handles. Here, off-compete experiments with free drug, or comparison to a chemically matched negative control molecule facilitate data interpretation. However, in the intracellular context these techniques are directed towards detection of the primary target(s) only, due to the short half-life of the generated reactive carbene species which corresponds to a labelling radius of ~ 6 nm. Here, the linker length between the diazirine or iridium photocatalyst and the drug dictates the labelling radius, and is therefore limited by cell permeability of the conjugate. As such, they have yet to be applied to map drug-bound complexes. Diazirine photochemistry approaches are also currently incompatible with in vivo applications. [00144] To understand drug-induced interactome changes, affinity purification coupled to mass spectrometry (AP/MS) and proximity labeling coupled to mass spectrometry are commonly employed. Proximity labeling techniques such as BioID and TurboID are particularly advantageous in mapping interactomes. Proximity labeling methods have a labeling radius of up to 35 nm and can be used in live cells and animals. By fusing a target protein or localization tag with a proximity labeling enzyme proximity labeling can reliably detect transient, moderate affinity protein-complex interaction in situ due to the ability of biotin ligase to accumulate affinity tags on these protein partners over time. However, both techniques rely on a priori target knowledge, which is often incompletely understood for drug candidates, and the fusion of the target protein to either an affinity-tag or a proximity labeling enzyme, which can significantly impact interacting proteins. Therefore, they cannot be used for unbiased interactome-ID of small molecules. The outputs of these techniques are also typically large numbers of enriched proteins, due to their low stringency, making data interpretation and validation challenging. [00145] To facilitate routine evaluation of ligand-target interactome changes induced by either inhibitors or molecular glues in a single experiment, a method was envisioned that combines the precision and unbiased nature of chemical proteomics with the sensitivity, whole- organism compatibility, and extended detection radius of proximity-labelling coupled to mass spectrometry. Here, the development of a ligand-guided miniTurboID method to accomplish these goals is reported, and it is benchmarked against gold-standard unbiased technologies for both target-ID and interactome-ID. 2. Results [00146] This method, named the biotin targeting chimera (BioTAC) system, uses bifunctional molecules composed of a compound-of-interest linked to selective FKBP12F36V recruiter orthoAP1867, to recruit a ligandable proximity labeling enzyme (mTurbo-FKBP12F36V) to compound-bound complexes enabling their biotinylation and subsequent affinity purification (FIG.1A-B). To benchmark the BioTAC system for accurate detection of the direct targets of ligands the well-characterized BET protein inhibitor (+)-JQ1, which potently binds BRD2, BRD3 and BRD4 (as well as the testes-specific BET protein BRDT), was selected as a test case. A series of bifunctional molecules consisting of (+)-JQ1 conjugated to orthoAP1687 were synthesized via a variable linker (FIG.1B, FIG.4A-C). (+)-JQ1-bifunctional molecule cell permeability was measured using an FKBP12F36V cellular target engagement assay adapted from Nabet et. al Nat Commun 11, 4687 (2020). Briefly, FKBP12F36V binding molecules compete with an FKBP12F36V targeting PROTAC (dTAG-13), for NLuc-FKBP12F36V occupancy, rescuing degradation and resulting in an increase in NLuc/FLuc (control) signal relative to DMSO-treated cells. All synthesized compounds were comparably cell permeable (FIG.4D-E). [00147] Next bifunctional molecule guided-proximity labeling experiments were performed using validated reagents. HEK293 cells transiently transfected with mTurbo-FKBP12F36V were treated with 100 µM biotin, 1 µM bifunctional (+)-JQ1 recruiters, and variable concentrations of free (+)-JQ1 to off-compete the bifunctional molecule and rescue biotinylation. Biotinylated proteins were isolated from cell lysates via streptavidin bead pulldown and analyzed by western blot for BRD4, a primary target of (+)-JQ1. Significant enrichment of BRD4 and a dose dependent decrease in BRD4 pulldown was observed in the presence of unconjugated (+)-JQ1 at all timepoints evaluated (FIG.1C, FIG.4G-J). Comparable activity was observed for all bifunctional analogues, indicating low sensitivity to linker length (FIG.4G-J), FMF-01-147-1 (Cpd 1) was selected for further characterization based on high BRD4-labeling and rescue at the 30 min time point (FIG.1C). [00148] Having determined that the BioTAC system could identify BRD4 as a (+)-JQ1 target in focused screens, it was evaluated as an unbiased target-ID method. To identify direct binders of (+)-JQ1 proteome-wide, BioTAC proximity labelling experiments were performed as described above, followed by label-free mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis of biotinylated proteins enriched following a 30 minute treatment with 100 µM biotin plus DMSO or 1 µM Cpd 1, and then 1 µM Cpd 1 off-competed by pre-treatment with 10 µM free (+)-JQ1. Highly selective enrichment of known (+)-JQ1 targets BRD3 and BRD4, comparable to published (+)-JQ1 µMapping and superior to published (+)-JQ1 photoaffinity labelling was observed (FIG.1D-E, FIG.5A-C, FIG.6A-C). [00149] Having established conditions for determining the primary targets of small molecules using the BioTAC system, its utility in reading out the interactome sphere of (+)-JQ1 bound BET-proteins was next investigated. An advantage of the BioTAC system is the relatively long half-life of the activated biotin-AMP intermediate generated by TurboID, allowing the labelling radius to be increased up to 35 nm by extending the labelling time. To quantitively evaluate the ability of the BioTAC system to successfully enrich the known interactome of (+)-JQ1 bound BET proteins, time course BioTAC proximity labelling experiments were performed at the 1 h and 4 h time points, and evaluated streptavidin-enriched biotinylated proteins using mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis (FIG.2A-C, FIG.6). Longer time points correlated with a greater number of proteins meeting the significance cut-offs (defined as FC > 2, P < 0.05) for both enrichment in Cpd 1 vs. DMSO, and competition with free (+)-JQ1 in Cpd 1 vs. Cpd 1 + 10 µM (+)-JQ1, (FIG.2A, FIG.6). Known (+)-JQ1 direct targets BRD3 and BRD4 were significantly enriched and off-competed at all time points and BRD2 was also detected at the 4 hr timepoint. Additionally, identified hit proteins at 1-4 hrs also included many known BET interactors, such as proteins found in components of the Pol II productive elongation complex subunit P-TEFb, the TFIID complex, and the Nucleosome Remodeling Deacetylase (NuRD) complex, as well as known BRD4 direct-binder Histone H4. These observations indicated that direct interactors of (+)-JQ1 bound BRD2, 3, and 4 may be labeled. To test this hypothesis the hits were compared to an extensive BET protein interactome reference dataset identified using AP/MS and proximity labelling coupled to mass spectrometry with and without (+)-JQ1. The BioTAC system afforded significant enrichment and off-competition (P < 0.0001, one-way ANOVA) of identified reference interactors at the 4 h time point (FIG.2B). Next it was asked whether the inverse could be performed, enriching complex members identified by Lambert et al. Mol Cell 73, 621-638 e617 (2019) directly from the data without any a priori knowledge of known interactors. It was discovered that 60% of the statistically significant enriched and (+)- JQ1 rescued hits were also present in the Lambert dataset. This observation falls greater than 7 standard deviations above a random bootstrap analysis of the data without filtering for significant enrichment and (+)-JQ1 rescue (FIG.2C). To account for the limitations of using one study, Gene Ontology (GO) Biological Process analysis of the hits was performed from the 4hr timepoint, where transcriptional elongation by Pol II was significantly enriched (P < 0.05), consistent with the known functions of BET protein containing complexes targeted by bromodomain inhibitors (FIG.2D). [00150] The paucity of practical methods for rapid, unbiased readout of small-molecule induced interactome changes has hindered the rational discovery and development of molecular glues. Molecular glues are small molecules which exert their function by binding to a primary target, and promoting or strengthening its interaction with a second protein through interactions at the protein-protein interface. Molecular glue discovery is an area of high biomedical interest due to the ability of molecular glues to target undruggable oncoproteins such as transcription factors, which are recalcitrant to traditional inhibitor discovery but can be neutralized by induced complexation and targeted degradation. However, as the binary affinity between a molecular glue and the second recruited target is low or non-existent in the absence of the primary target, molecular glue interactions are challenging to detect and screen for. Having rigorously benchmarked the performance of the BioTAC system using well-characterized (+)-JQ1, the BioTAC system was used to inform on complexes assembled by molecular glues (FIG.3A). Trametinib was selected as a non-dergrader glue with which to benchmark the platform. Trametinib derives its clinical anti-cancer efficacy from promoting the interaction of its primary target MEK1/2 with KSR1, but has low affinity for KSR1 alone meaning this interaction was missed during clinical developments. [00151] Bifunctional trametinib analogue JWJ-01-280/Cpd 2 was synthesized, with a linker attachment informed by a reported trametinib-derived BRET probe named Tram-bo (FIG.3B). The cell permeability of Cpd 2 was evaluated as described above, which was less cell permeable than the (+)-JQ1 derivatives (FIG.7A). Nevertheless, Cpd 2 supported efficient MEK1 labelling, and following dose and time point optimization (FIG.7B-C). The ability of the BioTAC system to detect both known interactors of trametinib was evaluated by Western blot, as described above. The MEK1:trametinib:KSR1 complex was detected using the BioTAC system following a 4 hr treatment with 1 µM Cpd 2, and dose-dependent competition in the presence of trametinib of both KSR1 and MEK1 by immunoblot (FIG.3B). Together, these data demonstrate the ability of the BioTAC system to identify the binding partners of non-degrader molecular glues. 3. Discussion [00152] Methods for the routine measurement of drug-target interactomes are lacking, hiding the mechanism of action of numerous small molecules from view. Even though interactome remodelling in response to small molecule drugs is a common phenomenon that mediates drug efficacy and resistance, little progress has been made in identifying and characterizing such events. Here the BioTAC system is reported, which can identify the direct target of a small molecule, as well as its complexed proteins with high confidence. Enrichment of the reported interactomes of the epigenetic inhibitor (+)-JQ1 and the molecular glue trametinib was reported, but this approach is theoretically applicable to any small molecule of interest that can be functionalized with a linker. [00153] Next, the BioTAC system is shown that it can identify molecular glue pairs that previously evaded detection, in a single experiment using trametinib, MEK1/2, KSR1, as a model system. The discovery and detection of molecular glue interactions is notoriously challenging to evaluate. Recently, elegant workflows consisting of mechanism-based screening in wild-type and hypo-NEDDylated cells, followed by multi-omic target deconvolution have been described for the discovery of cullin-ring ligase (CRL)-recruiting molecular glue degraders. To identify non-degrader molecular glues, size exclusion chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry has been used in combination with activity-based protein profiling to screen electrophilic compound libraries, yielding covalent stabilizers and disruptors of protein-protein interactions. However, these approaches require resource intensive multi-omic workflows, and are limited to covalent glues, or CRL-mediated degradation mechanisms. The BioTAC system can be used in a screening mode, for unbiased profiling of putative glue libraries. [00154] The BioTAC system uses a universal recruitable biotin ligase chimera, enabling an unbiased approach and facilitating rapid application. Bifunctional molecules for investigating any drug-of-interest are synthesised in one step from a common ortho-AP1867 precursor using robust coupling chemistries. Finally, the enrichment, mass spectrometry and data analysis methods are adapted from standard protocols in proximity labelling already performed by most proteomics core facilities. These features make BioTAC system readily accessible for broad application. During the preparation of this manuscript, a preprint describing a related approach for identifying targets of small molecules via SNAP- and Halo-tagging of TurboID was also disclosed. Whilst these systems differ from the BioTAC system in their reported specificity, their successful implementation across a range of ligands highlights the robustness of using proximity labelling to interrogate small molecule targets. [00155] In the long term, building community-wide knowledge around how small molecule drugs alter their target proteins complexation will lay the foundation for the rational design of drug target interactome profiles, to combat drug resistance, and enable wider targeting of the undruggable proteome. 4. Methods i. Cell culture [00156] The following cell lines were employed in this study: HEK293 (source: ATCC #CRL-1573, media: DMEM with 10% FBS (vendor) and 1% Penicillin–Streptomycin (vendor)). All cell lines were maintained in 37 °C and 5% CO2 incubators and routinely tested negative for mycoplasma contamination using the MycoAlert Kit (Lonza). ii. BioTAC plasmids [00157] pCDNA3.1(+) miniTurboID-6xGGSG linker-FKBPF36V-2xHA. [00158] DNA encoding the BioTAC construct (below) was synthesized at GenScript and cloned into the MCS of pCDNA3.1(+) by NEBuilder HiFi DNA Assembly (NEB #E2621). iii. Immunoblotting [00159] 0.6 million HEK293 cells were plated into wells containing 1 mL of complete media (DMEM, 10% FBS, 1% pen/strep) and incubated overnight. Cells were transiently transfected with 100 uL of OptiMEM media containing 1 ug of BioTAC plasmid and 3 uL of TransIT-2020 transfection reagent (Mirus, MIR5400) for 24 hr. Following a media change, cells were pre- treated with parental molecules or DMSO for 10 min, then treated with bifunctional compound for 10 min, and finally labeled in 100 µM biotin for the indicated time. Cells were washed twice with DPBS then harvested into 1.5 mL tubes. Cells were lysed on ice for 15 min in 100 uL RIPA lysis buffer (50 mM Tris pH 8, 150 mM NaCl, 0.1% SDS, 0.5% sodium deoxycholate, 1% Triton X-100) containing fresh HALT inhibitor cocktail (Thermo, 78442), 100 mM PMSF, and 125 U/mL benzonase (MilliporeSigma, 70746-4), then clarified by centrifuging at 16,000 x g for 10 min at 4°C. Protein concentration was determined by BCA assay (Thermo, 23225), then 100 ug protein was rotated overnight at 4°C with 8 uL of streptavidin magnetic beads (Thermo, 88817) that had been prewashed twice in RIPA lysis buffer. Flowthrough was collected, and beads were washed twice in RIPA lysis buffer, once in 1 M KCl, once quickly in 0.1 M sodium carbonate, once quickly in 2 M urea 50 mM Tris pH 8, and finally twice in RIPA lysis buffer. Following the final wash, biotinylated proteins were eluted by boiling the beads in 1x NuPage LDS sample buffer (Invitrogen, NP0007) containing 2 mM biotin and 20 mM DTT at 95°C for 10 min. Input and flowthrough samples were prepared in 1x NuPage LDS sample buffer. SDS- PAGE samples were run on a 4-12% bis-tris precast gel (Invitrogen, NW04125BOX) for 45 min at 180V, then transferred onto a nitrocellulose membrane (Bio-Rad, 1620112) for 90 min at 45V. The membrane was blocked in 5% non-fat dry milk in TBST for 1 hr then incubated in 1:1000 BRD4 anti-rabbit (Bethyl Laboratories, A301-985A-M) and 1:1000 alpha-tubulin anti- mouse (Cell Signaling Technology, 3873S)) overnight at 4C. Membrane was washed three times in TBST then incubated in 1:10000 DyLight 680 anti-mouse IgG (Cell Signaling Technology, 5470S) and 1:10000 DyLight 800 anti-rabbit IgG (Cell Signaling Technology, 5151S) for 1 hr at RT. Membrane was washed three times in TBST then imaged with a ChemiDoc (Bio-Rad). iv. Quantitative Proteomics [00160] 9 million HEK293 cells were plated into 15 cm dishes containing 12 mL of complete media (DMEM, 10% FBS, 1% pen/strep) and incubated overnight. Cells were transiently transfected with 1 mL of OptiMEM media containing 10 ug of BioTAC plasmid and 30 uL of TransIT-2020 transfection reagent for 24 hr. Following a media change, cells were optionally pre-treated with parental molecules for 10 min, then treated with bifunctional compound for 10 min, and finally labeled in 100 µM biotin for 30 min, 1 hr, or 4 hrs. Cells were washed 5 times with DPBS then harvested by scraping on ice into 1.5 mL tubes. Cells were lysed in 1.2 mL RIPA lysis buffer (50 mM Tris pH 8, 150 mM NaCl, 0.1% SDS, 0.5% sodium deoxycholate, 1% Triton X-100) containing fresh HALT inhibitor cocktail, 100 mM PMSF, and 125 U/mL benzonase. Cells were further lysed by sonicating with 15 x 1 second pulses at 40% power then chilled on ice for 15 min. Lysates were clarified by centrifuging at 16,000 x g for 10 min and protein concentration determined by BCA assay.3 mg protein was rotated overnight at 4°C with 250 uL of streptavidin magnetic beads that had been prewashed twice in RIPA lysis buffer. Beads were washed twice in RIPA lysis buffer, once in 1 M KCl, once quickly in 0.1 M sodium carbonate, once quickly in 2 M urea 50 mM Tris pH 8, twice in RIPA lysis buffer, and finally 4 times in 50 mM Tris pH 8. Following the final wash, beads were transferred to clean tubes and frozen at -80°C. [00161] Beads were resuspended in TNE buffer (50 mM Tris pH 8.0, 100 mM NaCl, 1 mM EDTA), then RapiGest SF reagent (Waters Corp.) was added to a final concentration of 0.1% and samples were boiled for 5 min. Samples were reduced with 1 mM TCEP (Tris (2- carboxyethyl) phosphine) at 37°C for 30 min, then samples were carboxymethylated with 0.5 mg/ml of iodoacetamide for 30 min at 37°C followed by neutralization with 2 mM TCEP. Samples were digested with trypsin (1:50 trypsin:protein ratio) overnight at 37°C. RapiGest SF was degraded and removed by treating the samples with 250 mM HCl at 37°C for 1 h followed by centrifugation at 16,000 x g for 30 min at 4°C. The soluble fraction was then added to a new tube and the peptides were extracted and desalted using C18 desalting columns (Thermo Scientific, PI-87782). Peptides were quantified using BCA assay and a total of 1 ug of peptides were injected for LC-MS analysis. [00162] Trypsin-digested peptides were analyzed by ultra high pressure liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled with tandem mass spectroscopy (LC-MS/MS) using nano- spray ionization. The nanospray ionization experiments were performed using a Orbitrap fusion Lumos hybrid mass spectrometer (Thermo) interfaced with nano-scale reversed-phase UPLC (Thermo Dionex UltiMate™ 3000 RSLC nano System) using a 25 cm, 75-micron ID glass capillary packed with 1.7-µm C18 (130) BEHTM beads (Waters corporation). Peptides were eluted from the C18 column into the mass spectrometer using a linear gradient (5–80%) of ACN (Acetonitrile) at a flow rate of 375 μl/min for 1.5 h. The buffers used to create the ACN gradient were: Buffer A (98% H2O, 2% ACN, 0.1% formic acid) and Buffer B (100% ACN, 0.1% formic acid). Mass spectrometer parameters are as follows an MS1 survey scan using the orbitrap detector,mass range (m/z): 400-1500 (using quadrupole isolation), 120000 resolution setting, spray voltage of 2200 V, Ion transfer tube temperature of 275 °C, AGC target of 400000, and maximum injection time of 50 ms. MS1 survey scan was followed by data dependent scans using top speed for most intense ions, with charge state set to only include +2-5 ions, and 5 second exclusion time, while selecting ions with minimal intensities of 50000, in which the collision event was carried out in the high energy collision cell (HCD Collision Energy of 30%), and the fragment masses where analyzed in the ion trap mass analyzer (With ion trap scan rate of turbo, first mass m/z was 100, AGC Target 5000 and maximum injection time of 35ms). Protein identification was carried out using Peaks Studio 8.5 (Bioinformatics solutions Inc.) with a 1% FDR cutoff. Data was imputed to remove missing values and DMSO normalized. Data was log2 transformed and median-MAD scaled and a two-sample moderated T test with nominal P value=0.05 was used to filter for significant proteins. [00163] General Methods for making bifunctional molecules to be used in the disclosed systemsUnless otherwise noted, reagents and solvents were obtained from commercial suppliers and were used without further purification. 1 H NMR spectra were recorded on 500 MHz Bruker Avance III spectrometer or 500 MHz JEOL ECA 500 spectrometer and chemical shifts are reported in parts per million (ppm, δ) downfield from tetramethylsilane (TMS). Coupling constants (J) are reported in Hz. Spin multiplicities are described as s (singlet), br (broad singlet), d (doublet), t (triplet), q (quartet), and m (multiplet). Mass spectra were obtained on a Waters Acquity UPLC/MS. Preparative HPLC was performed on a Waters Sunfire C18 column (19 mm × 50 mm, 5 μM) using a gradient of 15−95% methanol in water containing 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) over 22 min (28 min run time) at a flow rate of 20 mL/min. Assayed compounds were isolated and tested as TFA salts. Purities of assayed compounds were in all cases greater than 95%, as determined by reverse-phase HPLC analysis. a. tert-Butyl (S)-(1-(4-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,3,9-trimethyl-6H-thieno[3,2- f][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]diazepin-6-yl)-2-oxo-6,9,12-tri oxa-3-azatetradecan- 14-yl)carbamate (2)
[00164] JQ1-acid (25 mg, 0.06 mmol), tert-butyl (2-(2-(2-(2- aminoethoxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)ethyl)carbamate (20 mg, 0.066 mmol), HATU (28 mg, 0.07 mmol), DIPEA (35 µL, 0.18 mmol) were dissolved in DMF (2 mL) and stirred at rt for 12 h. The reaction mixture was diluted in conc. aq. sodium bicarbonate (10 mL) and extracted with DCM (3 x 10 mL). The organics were combined, dried over MgSO 4 , filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified via flash column chromatography (DCM:MeOH) to yield the title compound (27 mg, 0.04 mmol, 63%) as a colorless oil. MS (ESI) m/z 676 (M + H) + . b. (S)-N-(2-(2-(2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)ethyl)-2-(4-(4-c hlorophenyl)- 2,3,9-trimethyl-6H-thieno[3,2-ƒ][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4] diazepin-6- yl)acetamide (3) [00165] Compound 2 (27 mg, 0.04 mmol) was dissolved in 2 mL DCM and 0.5 mL TFA, and stirred at rt for 2 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo and used without further purification (quant.). MS (ESI) m/z 576 (M + H) + . c. (R)-1-(2-((17-((S)-4-(4-Chlorophenyl)-2,3,9-trimethyl-6H-thi eno[3,2- ƒ][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]diazepin-6-yl)-2,16-dioxo-6,9, 12-trioxa-3,15- diazaheptadecyl)oxy)phenyl)-3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)propyl (S)-1-((S)-2-(3,4,5- trimethoxyphenyl)butanoyl)piperidine-2-carboxylate (FM-06-147-1) [00166] Compound 3 (25 mg, 0.04 mmol), ortho-AP (28 mg, 0.04 mmol), HATU (19 mg, 0.05 mmol), DIPEA (22 µL, 0.12 mmol) were dissolved in DMF (2 mL) and stirred at rt for 16 h. The reaction mixture was filtered and purified by HPLC to afford the title compound as a TFA salt (24 mg, 0.017 mmol), as a white solid. MS (ESI) m/z 626 (M + 2H) 2+ /2. 1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.27 (t, J = 5.7 Hz, 1H), 7.84 (t, J = 5.7 Hz, 1H), 7.51–7.24 (m, 5H), 7.20 (ddd, J = 8.6, 6.1, 3.0 Hz, 1H), 7.06–6.72 (m, 5H), 6.72–6.61 (m, 2H), 6.56 (s, 2H), 6.04 (dd, J = 8.2, 4.7 Hz, 1H), 5.36–5.31 (m, 1H), 4.60–4.40 (m, 3H), 4.05 (d, J = 13.4 Hz, 1H), 3.87 (dd, J = 8.1, 6.5 Hz, 1H), 3.75 (s, 1H), 3.71 (d, J = 9.1 Hz, 6H), 3.64 (s, 1H), 3.56 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 7H), 3.52–3.49 (m, 4H), 3.47 (q, J = 2.2 Hz, 2H), 3.46–3.39 (m, 3H), 3.34–3.17 (m, 5H), 2.60 (d, J = 1.3 Hz, 3H), 2.41 (s, 4H), 2.19–2.13 (m, 2H), 2.10–1.84 (m, 2H), 1.65–1.54 (m, 12H), 1.41–1.15 (m, 2H), 0.81 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 2H), 0.74 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 1H). d. tert-Butyl (S)-(8-(2-(4-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,3,9-trimethyl-6H-thieno[3,2- ƒ][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]diazepin-6-yl)acetamido)octyl) carbamate (4) [00167] JQ1-acid (25 mg, 0.062 mmol), HATU (28 mg, 0.075 mmol), DIPEA (33 uL, 0.19 mmol), and tert-butyl (2-(2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethoxy)ethyl)carbamate (17 mg, 0.069 mmol) were charged into a 4 mL vial. After adding 1 mL DMF, the solution was stirred for 2 hours. Upon the completion of the coupling reaction indicated by LCMS, the material was partitioned between DCM (15 mL) and brine (15 mL), and transferred to a separatory funnel. The layers were separated, and the aqueous phase was further extracted with DCM (15 mL). The organic extracts were dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated to dryness. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography to yield 37 mg (95%) of the title compound. 1 H NMR (500 MHz, Methanol-d4) δ 7.44 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 2H), 7.39 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 2H), 4.61 (dd, J = 8.9, 5.3 Hz, 1H), 3.61 (ddd, J = 11.9, 6.9, 3.5 Hz, 6H), 3.50 (t, J = 5.7 Hz, 2H), 3.46–3.42 (m, 2H), 3.31 (d, J = 5.2 Hz, 1H), 3.27 (s, 2H), 3.20 (t, J = 5.6 Hz, 2H), 2.68 (s, 3H), 2.43 (s, 3H), 1.68 (s, 3H), 1.40 (s, 9H), 1.29 (dd, J = 12.4, 6.3 Hz, 1H). MS (ESI) m/z 631.4 (M + H) + . e. (S)-N-(2-(2-(2-Aminoethoxy)ethoxy)ethyl)-2-(4-(4-chloropheny l)-2,3,9- trimethyl-6H-thieno[3,2-ƒ][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]diazep in-6-yl)acetamide (5) [00168] Compound 4 (37 mg, 0.06 mmol) was dissolved in 2 mL DCM and 0.5 mL TFA, and stirred at rt for 2 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo and used without further purification (quant.). MS (ESI) m/z 531.4 (M + H) + . f. (R)-1-(2-((14-((S)-4-(4-Chlorophenyl)-2,3,9-trimethyl-6H-thi eno[3,2- ƒ][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]diazepin-6-yl)-2,13-dioxo-6,9- dioxa-3,12- diazatetradecyl)oxy)phenyl)-3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)propyl (S)-1-((S)-2-(3,4,5- trimethoxyphenyl)butanoyl)piperidine-2-carboxylate (JWJ-01-236) [00169] Compound 5 (37 mg, 0.05 mmol), ortho-AP (36 mg, 0.05 mmol), HATU (22 mg, 0.06 mmol), DIPEA (25 µL, 0.14 mmol) were dissolved in DMF (2 mL) and stirred at rt for 16 h. The reaction mixture was filtered and purified by HPLC to afford the title compound as a while solid (1.6 mg, 2.6%) with 99% purity. 1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.27 (s, 1H), 7.85 (t, J = 5.7 Hz, 1H), 7.47 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 2H), 7.41 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 2H), 7.19 (ddt, J = 8.7, 6.5, 3.3 Hz, 1H), 6.88–6.76 (m, 4H), 6.74 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1H), 6.66–6.60 (m, 2H), 6.55 (s, 2H), 6.02 (dd, J = 8.3, 4.7 Hz, 1H), 5.32 (t, J = 4.2 Hz, 1H), 4.50 (q, J = 5.0 Hz, 3H), 4.06–4.03 (m, 2H), 3.87 (s, 2H), 3.71 (s, 3H), 3.52–3.47 (m, 6H), 3.42 (q, J = 6.1 Hz, 5H), 3.26 (tdd, J = 16.4, 12.6, 8.8 Hz, 8H), 2.58 (s, 6H), 2.40 (s, 4H), 2.15 (d, J = 14.0 Hz, 1H), 2.02–1.83 (m, 3H), 1.66–1.50 (m, 8H), 1.31–1.20 (m, 4H), 0.76 (dt, J = 45.9, 7.3 Hz, 3H). MS (ESI) m/z 1206.6 (M + H) + . g. tert-Butyl (S)-(8-(2-(4-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,3,9-trimethyl-6H-thieno[3,2- ƒ][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]diazepin-6-yl)acetamido)octyl) carbamate (6) [00170] JQ1-acid (15 mg, 0.037 mmol), HATU (14 mg, 0.056 mmol), DIPEA (20 uL, 0.11 mmol), and tert-butyl (8-aminooctyl)carbamate (11 mg, 0.045 mmol) were charged into a 4 mL vial. After adding 1 mL DMF, the solution was stirred for 2 hours. Upon the completion of the coupling reaction indicated by LCMS, the material was partitioned between DCM (15 mL) and brine (15 mL), and transferred to a separatory funnel. The layers were separated, and the aqueous phase was further extracted with DCM (15 mL). The organic extracts were dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated to dryness. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography to yield 23 mg (99%) of the title compound, MS (ESI) m/z 627.4 (M + H) + . h. (S)-N-(8-Aminooctyl)-2-(4-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,3,9-trimethyl-6 H-thieno[3,2- ƒ][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]diazepin-6-yl)acetamide (7) [00171] Compound 6 (23 mg, 0.04 mmol) was dissolved in 2 mL DCM and 0.5 mL TFA, and stirred at rt for 2 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo and used without further purification (quant.). MS (ESI) m/z 527.3 (M + H) + . i. (R)-1-(2-(2-((8-(2-((S)-4-(4-Chlorophenyl)-2,3,9-trimethyl-6 H-thieno[3,2- ƒ][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]diazepin-6-yl)acetamido)octyl) amino)-2- oxoethoxy)phenyl)-3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)propyl (S)-1-((S)-2-(3,4,5- trimethoxyphenyl)butanoyl)piperidine-2-carboxylate (JWJ-01-255) [00172] Compound 7 (24 mg, 0.04 mmol), ortho-AP (23 mg, 0.04 mmol), HATU (17 mg, 0.05 mmol), DIPEA (30 µL, 0.19 mmol) were dissolved in DMF (2 mL) and stirred at rt for 16 h. The reaction mixture was filtered and purified by HPLC to afford the title compound as a while solid (3.1 mg, 6.3%) with 99% purity. 1 H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.15 (t, J = 5.6 Hz, 1H), 7.52–7.45 (m, 2H), 7.42 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 2H), 6.89–6.72 (m, 4H), 6.66–6.58 (m, 1H), 6.55 (s, 1H), 6.03 (dd, J = 8.3, 4.9 Hz, 1H), 5.32 (dd, J = 6.0, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 4.62–4.39 (m, 4H), 3.73 (d, J = 4.2 Hz, 2H), 3.71 (s, 3H), 3.69 (s, 3H), 3.55 (d, J = 9.3 Hz, 8H), 3.28–3.15 (m, 2H), 3.15–3.01 (m, 5H), 2.59 (s, 5H), 2.40 (d, J = 3.6 Hz, 4H), 2.22–2.09 (m, 1H), 2.06–1.83 (m, 2H), 1.65–1.53 (m, 7H), 1.37 (ddt, J = 39.8, 13.6, 6.8 Hz, 6H), 1.28–1.13 (m, 12H), 0.76 (dt, J = 43.4, 7.3 Hz, 3H). MS (ESI) m/z 1203.6 (M + H) + . j. tert-Butyl acetyl(3-(3-cyclopropyl-5-((2-fluoro-4-iodophenyl)amino)-6,8 - dimethyl-2,4,7-trioxo-3,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrido[4,3-d]pyrimid in-1(2H)- yl)phenyl)carbamate (8) [00173] According to a reported procedure, 1 to a solution of trametinib (125 mg, 0.20 mmol), 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine (DMAP; 49.6 mg, 0.41 mmol) and DMF (1.5 mL) in an 8 mL vial, was added a solution of di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (Boc2O; 133 mg, 0.61 mmol) and DMF (1.5 mL) dropwise over 1 min. The vial was sealed under nitrogen and the solution was stirred for 1 h. The solution was transferred to a 50 mL flask and concentrated to dryness to afford the title compound 8 without further purification, MS (ESI) m/z 716.2 (M + H) + . k. tert-Butyl (3-(3-cyclopropyl-5-((2-fluoro-4-iodophenyl)amino)-6,8-dimet hyl- 2,4,7-trioxo-3,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrido[4,3-d]pyrimidin-1(2H)- yl)phenyl)carbamate (9) [00174] The crude solid 8 was dissolved in MeOH (1.5 mL) and then an aqueous solution of KOH (1.0 mL, 1.0 M solution, 1.0 mmol) was added. The solution was stirred for 4 h, then diluted with brine (30 mL) and extracted with DCM (3 x 15 mL). The organic extracts were pooled, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated to dryness, which yielded the title compound 9 without further purification, MS (ESI) m/z 674.3 (M + H) + . l. 1-(3-Aminophenyl)-3-cyclopropyl-5-((2-fluoro-4-iodophenyl)am ino)-6,8- dimethylpyrido[4,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4,7(1H,3H,6H)-trione (10) [00175] The resulting solid 9 was dissolved in TFA (3.0 mL, 39 mmol). The solution was stirred for 30 min and then concentrated to dryness from toluene (3 x 3 mL). The remaining material was partitioned between DCM (25 mL) and saturated NaHCO 3 solution (25 mL), and transferred to a separatory funnel. The layers were separated, and the aqueous phase was further extracted with DCM (25 mL). The organic extracts were dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated to dryness. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography to yield 95 mg (81% over 3 steps) of the title compound 10 as an off-white solid. 1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 11.07 (s, 1H), 7.78 (dd, J = 10.3, 1.9 Hz, 1H), 7.56–7.52 (m, 1H), 7.05 (t, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 6.90 (t, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 6.59–6.52 (m, 2H), 6.49–6.44 (m, 1H), 5.26 (s, 2H), 3.07 (s, 3H), 2.61 (tt, J = 7.2, 4.0 Hz, 1H), 1.35 (s, 3H), 1.00–0.85 (m, 2H), 0.70–0.59 (m, 2H). MS (ESI) m/z 574.1 (M + H) + . m. tert-Butyl (2-(2-(3-((3-(3-cyclopropyl-5-((2-fluoro-4-iodophenyl)amino) -6,8- dimethyl-2,4,7-trioxo-3,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrido[4,3-d]pyrimid in-1(2H)- yl)phenyl)amino)-3-oxopropoxy)ethoxy)ethyl)carbamate (11) [00176] The resulting solid 10 (95 mg, 17 mmol), HATU (76 mg, 20 mmol), DIPEA (50 uL, 26 mmol), and 2,2-dimethyl-4-oxo-3,8,11-trioxa-5-azatetradecan-14-oic acid (51 mg, 18 mmol) were charged into a 8 mL vial. After adding 2 mL DMF, the solution was stirred for 2 hours. Upon the completion of the coupling reaction indicated by LCMS, the material was partitioned between DCM (25 mL) and brine (25 mL), and transferred to a separatory funnel. The layers were separated, and the aqueous phase was further extracted with DCM (25 mL). The organic extracts were dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated to dryness. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography to yield 112 mg (81%) of the title compound 11. 1 H NMR (500 MHz, Methanol-d4) δ 7.71 (t, J = 2.1 Hz, 1H), 7.67–7.63 (m, 1H), 7.58–7.50 (m, 2H), 7.38 (t, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.12–7.06 (m, 1H), 6.84 (t, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H), 6.53 (s, 1H), 3.80 (t, J = 6.1 Hz, 2H), 3.71 (p, J = 6.6 Hz, 2H), 3.62–3.60 (m, 2H), 3.60–3.57 (m, 2H), 3.47 (t, J = 5.6 Hz, 2H), 3.21 (q, J = 7.4 Hz, 2H), 3.18 (s, 3H), 3.16 (t, J = 5.5 Hz, 2H), 2.69 (tt, J = 7.3, 3.9 Hz, 1H), 2.61 (t, J = 6.0 Hz, 2H), 1.40 (s, 10H), 1.03 (dd, J = 7.0, 1.5 Hz, 2H), 0.76–0.70 (m, 2H). MS (ESI) m/z 833.4 (M + H) + .
n. 3-(2-(2-Aminoethoxy)ethoxy)-N-(3-(3-cyclopropyl-5-((2-fluoro -4- iodophenyl)amino)-6,8-dimethyl-2,4,7-trioxo-3,4,6,7-tetrahyd ropyrido[4,3- d]pyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)phenyl)propanamide (12) [00177] Compound 11 (60 mg, 0.07 mmol) was dissolved in 2 mL DCM and 1 mL TFA, and stirred at rt for 2 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo and used without further purification (quant.). MS (ESI) m/z 733.2 (M + H) + . o. (R)-1-(2-(2-((2-(2-(3-((3-(3-Cyclopropyl-5-((2-fluoro-4-iodo phenyl)amino)- 6,8-dimethyl-2,4,7-trioxo-3,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrido[4,3-d]pyr imidin-1(2H)- yl)phenyl)amino)-3-oxopropoxy)ethoxy)ethyl)amino)-2-oxoethox y)phenyl)-3- (3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)propyl (S)-1-((S)-2-(3,4,5- trimethoxyphenyl)butanoyl)piperidine-2-carboxylate (JWJ-01-280) [00178] Compound 12 (42 mg, 0.06 mmol), ortho-AP (20 mg, 0.03 mmol), HATU (13 mg, 0.04 mmol), DIPEA (25 µL, 0.14 mmol) were dissolved in DMF (2 mL) and stirred at rt for 16 h. The reaction mixture was filtered and purified by HPLC to afford the title compound as a while solid (13 mg, 29%) with 98% purity. 1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 11.07 (s, 1H), 10.11 (s, 1H), 7.84 (t, J = 5.7 Hz, 1H), 7.78 (dd, J = 10.2, 1.9 Hz, 1H), 7.64 (t, J = 2.1 Hz, 1H), 7.61–7.51 (m, 2H), 7.39–7.32 (m, 1H), 7.19 (ddd, J = 8.6, 6.7, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.02 (dd, J = 8.2, 6.0 Hz, 1H), 6.94–6.82 (m, 2H), 6.82–6.76 (m, 3H), 6.73 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1H), 6.66–6.60 (m, 1H), 6.55 (s, 1H), 6.02 (dd, J = 8.3, 4.8 Hz, 1H), 5.34–5.30 (m, 1H), 4.54–4.46 (m, 2H), 3.86 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 3.74 (s, 2H), 3.70 (s, 3H), 3.68 (s, 3H), 3.66 (t, J = 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.63 (s, 1H), 3.55 (s, 4H), 3.53 (s, 2H), 3.50–3.42 (m, 4H), 3.39 (t, J = 5.9 Hz, 2H), 3.30–3.20 (m, 2H), 3.06 (s, 3H), 2.65–2.57 (m, 2H), 2.57–2.52 (m, 3H), 2.44–2.35 (m, 1H), 2.15 (d, J = 13.0 Hz, 1H), 2.08– 1.83 (m, 3H), 1.66–1.47 (m, 4H), 1.42–1.06 (m, 6H), 0.94 (q, J = 6.8 Hz, 2H), 0.76 (dt, J = 37.7, 7.3 Hz, 3H), 0.66 (dd, J = 7.0, 4.0 Hz, 2H). MS (ESI) m/z 1043.3 (M + H) + one fragment. v. General procedure of HATU coupling [00179] Corresponding protein-of-interest binder with varying Boc protected linker (1 equiv) was treated with a 1:1 (v/v) mixture of DCM/TFA (5 mL/mmol) for 30 min. Upon the completion of the removal of the Boc group indicated by UPLC, excess TFA and DCM were evaporated under reduced pressure. After putting on the high vacuum for additional 2 hours to fully remove TFA, the residue was dissolved in DMF (1 mL). HATU (1.5 equiv), DIPEA (2 equiv), and the ortho-AP acid (1 equiv) were added to the solution and stirred overnight. Upon the completion of the HATU coupling indicated by UPLC, the mixture was diluted with DMSO to 5 mL and filtered through a 13 mm syringe filter (0.45 um, PTFE). The resulting filtrate was loaded and purified via the preparative HPLC, which yielded the desired compound as a TFA salt. a. tert-Butyl acetyl(3-(3-cyclopropyl-5-((2-fluoro-4-iodophenyl)amino)-6,8 - dimethyl-2,4,7-trioxo-3,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrido[4,3-d]pyrimid in-1(2H)- yl)phenyl)carbamate [00180] [00181] According to a reported procedure, 1 to a solution of trametinib (125 mg, 0.20 mmol), 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine (DMAP; 49.6 mg, 0.41 mmol) and DMF (1.5 mL) in an 8 mL vial, was added a solution of di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (Boc 2 O; 133 mg, 0.61 mmol) and DMF (1.5 mL) dropwise over 1 min. The vial was sealed under nitrogen and the solution was stirred for 1 h. The solution was transferred to a 50 mL flask and concentrated to dryness to afford the title compound without further purification. b. tert-Butyl (3-(3-cyclopropyl-5-((2-fluoro-4-iodophenyl)amino)-6,8-dimet hyl- 2,4,7-trioxo-3,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrido[4,3-d]pyrimidin-1(2H)- yl)phenyl)carbamate [00182] [00183] The crude solid was dissolved in MeOH (1.5 mL) and then an aqueous solution of KOH (1.0 mL, 1.0 M solution, 1.0 mmol) was added. The solution was stirred for 4 h, then diluted with brine (30 mL) and extracted with DCM (3 x 15 mL). The organic extracts were pooled, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated to dryness, which yielded the title compound without further purification. c. 1-(3-Aminophenyl)-3-cyclopropyl-5-((2-fluoro-4-iodophenyl)am ino)-6,8- dimethylpyrido[4,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4,7(1H,3H,6H)-trione [00184] [00185] The resulting solid was dissolved in trifluoroacetic acid (TFA, 3.0 mL, 39 mmol). The solution was stirred for 30 min and then concentrated to dryness from toluene (3 x 3 mL). The remaining material was partitioned between DCM (25 mL) and saturated NaHCO3 solution (25 mL), and transferred to a separatory funnel. The layers were separated, and the aqueous phase was further extracted with DCM (25 mL). The organic extracts were dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated to dryness. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography to yield 95 mg (81% over 3 steps) of the title compound as an off-white solid. 1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 11.07 (s, 1H), 7.78 (dd, J = 10.3, 1.9 Hz, 1H), 7.56–7.52 (m, 1H), 7.05 (t, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 6.90 (t, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 6.59–6.52 (m, 2H), 6.49–6.44 (m, 1H), 5.26 (s, 2H), 3.07 (s, 3H), 2.61 (tt, J = 7.2, 4.0 Hz, 1H), 1.35 (s, 3H), 1.00–0.85 (m, 2H), 0.70– 0.59 (m, 2H). d. tert-Butyl (2-(2-(3-((3-(3-cyclopropyl-5-((2-fluoro-4-iodophenyl)amino) -6,8- dimethyl-2,4,7-trioxo-3,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrido[4,3-d]pyrimid in-1(2H)- yl)phenyl)amino)-3-oxopropoxy)ethoxy)ethyl)carbamate [00186] [00187] The resulting solid (95 mg, 17 mmol), HATU (76 mg, 20 mmol), DIPEA (50 uL, 26 mmol), and 2,2-dimethyl-4-oxo-3,8,11-trioxa-5-azatetradecan-14-oic acid (51 mg, 18 mmol) were charged into a 8 mL vial. After adding 2 mL DMF, the solution was stirred for 2 hours. Upon the completion of the coupling reaction indicated by LCMS, the material was partitioned between DCM (25 mL) and brine (25 mL), and transferred to a separatory funnel. The layers were separated, and the aqueous phase was further extracted with DCM (25 mL). The organic extracts were dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated to dryness. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography to yield 112 mg (81%) of the title compound. 1 H NMR (500 MHz, Methanol-d 4 ) δ 7.71 (t, J = 2.1 Hz, 1H), 7.67–7.63 (m, 1H), 7.58–7.50 (m, 2H), 7.38 (t, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.12–7.06 (m, 1H), 6.84 (t, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H), 6.53 (s, 1H), 3.80 (t, J = 6.1 Hz, 2H), 3.71 (p, J = 6.6 Hz, 2H), 3.62–3.60 (m, 2H), 3.60–3.57 (m, 2H), 3.47 (t, J = 5.6 Hz, 2H), 3.21 (q, J = 7.4 Hz, 2H), 3.18 (s, 3H), 3.16 (t, J = 5.5 Hz, 2H), 2.69 (tt, J = 7.3, 3.9 Hz, 1H), 2.61 (t, J = 6.0 Hz, 2H), 1.40 (s, 10H), 1.03 (dd, J = 7.0, 1.5 Hz, 2H), 0.76–0.70 (m, 2H). e. (R)-1-(2-(2-((2-(2-(3-((3-(3-Cyclopropyl-5-((2-fluoro-4-iodo phenyl)amino)- 6,8-dimethyl-2,4,7-trioxo-3,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrido[4,3-d]pyr imidin-1(2H)- yl)phenyl)amino)-3-oxopropoxy)ethoxy)ethyl)amino)-2-oxoethox y)phenyl)-3- (3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)propyl (S)-1-((S)-2-(3,4,5- trimethoxyphenyl)butanoyl)piperidine-2-carboxylate (JWJ-01-280) [00188] [00189] Title compound was generated via general procedure of HATU coupling using resulting solid (42 mg, 0.058 mmol) and ortho-AP acid (20 mg, 0.029 mmol), which yielded a while solid (13 mg, 29%) with 98% purity. 1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 11.07 (s, 1H), 10.11 (s, 1H), 7.84 (t, J = 5.7 Hz, 1H), 7.78 (dd, J = 10.2, 1.9 Hz, 1H), 7.64 (t, J = 2.1 Hz, 1H), 7.61–7.51 (m, 2H), 7.39–7.32 (m, 1H), 7.19 (ddd, J = 8.6, 6.7, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.02 (dd, J = 8.2, 6.0 Hz, 1H), 6.94–6.82 (m, 2H), 6.82–6.76 (m, 3H), 6.73 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1H), 6.66–6.60 (m, 1H), 6.55 (s, 1H), 6.02 (dd, J = 8.3, 4.8 Hz, 1H), 5.34–5.30 (m, 1H), 4.54–4.46 (m, 2H), 3.86 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 3.74 (s, 2H), 3.70 (s, 3H), 3.68 (s, 3H), 3.66 (t, J = 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.63 (s, 1H), 3.55 (s, 4H), 3.53 (s, 2H), 3.50–3.42 (m, 4H), 3.39 (t, J = 5.9 Hz, 2H), 3.30–3.20 (m, 2H), 3.06 (s, 3H), 2.65–2.57 (m, 2H), 2.57–2.52 (m, 3H), 2.44–2.35 (m, 1H), 2.15 (d, J = 13.0 Hz, 1H), 2.08– 1.83 (m, 3H), 1.66–1.47 (m, 4H), 1.42–1.06 (m, 6H), 0.94 (q, J = 6.8 Hz, 2H), 0.76 (dt, J = 37.7, 7.3 Hz, 3H), 0.66 (dd, J = 7.0, 4.0 Hz, 2H). MS (ESI) m/z 1043.3 (M + H) + major fragment. f. tert-Butyl (S)-(8-(2-(4-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,3,9-trimethyl-6H-thieno[3,2- ƒ][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]diazepin-6-yl)acetamido)octyl) carbamate [00190] [00191] (+)-JQ1 carboxylic acid (25 mg, 0.062 mmol), HATU (28 mg, 0.075 mmol), DIPEA (33 uL, 0.19 mmol), and tert-butyl (2-(2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethoxy)ethyl)carbamate (17 mg, 0.069 mmol) were charged into a 4 mL vial. After adding 1 mL DMF, the solution was stirred for 2 hours. Upon the completion of the coupling reaction indicated by LCMS, the material was partitioned between DCM (15 mL) and brine (15 mL), and transferred to a separatory funnel. The layers were separated, and the aqueous phase was further extracted with DCM (15 mL). The organic extracts were dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated to dryness. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography to yield 37 mg (95%) of the title compound. 1 H NMR (500 MHz, Methanol-d 4 ) δ 7.44 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 2H), 7.39 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 2H), 4.61 (dd, J = 8.9, 5.3 Hz, 1H), 3.61 (ddd, J = 11.9, 6.9, 3.5 Hz, 6H), 3.50 (t, J = 5.7 Hz, 2H), 3.46–3.42 (m, 2H), 3.31 (d, J = 5.2 Hz, 1H), 3.27 (s, 2H), 3.20 (t, J = 5.6 Hz, 2H), 2.68 (s, 3H), 2.43 (s, 3H), 1.68 (s, 3H), 1.40 (s, 9H), 1.29 (dd, J = 12.4, 6.3 Hz, 1H). g. (R)-1-(2-((14-((S)-4-(4-Chlorophenyl)-2,3,9-trimethyl-6H-thi eno[3,2- ƒ][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]diazepin-6-yl)-2,13-dioxo-6,9- dioxa-3,12- diazatetradecyl)oxy)phenyl)-3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)propyl (S)-1-((S)-2-(3,4,5- trimethoxyphenyl)butanoyl)piperidine-2-carboxylate (JWJ-01-236) [00192] [00193] Title compound was generated via general procedure of HATU coupling using resulting solid (37 mg, 0.047 mmol) and ortho-AP acid (36 mg, 0.052 mmol), which yielded a while solid (1.6 mg, 2.6%) with 95% purity. 1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.26 (t, J = 5.6 Hz, 1H), 7.85 (t, J = 5.8 Hz, 1H), 7.48 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 2H), 7.42 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 2H), 7.19 (ddd, J = 8.6, 6.6, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 6.88–6.72 (m, 4H), 6.65–6.60 (m, 1H), 6.55 (s, 1H), 6.02 (dd, J = 8.3, 4.7 Hz, 1H), 5.36–5.29 (m, 2H), 4.60–4.49 (m, 3H), 4.05 (d, J = 13.4 Hz, 1H), 3.87 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H), 3.74 (s, 1H), 3.71 (s, 3H), 3.69 (s, 3H), 3.64 (d, J = 12.5 Hz, 1H), 3.55 (s, 4H), 3.54 (s, 2H), 3.50 (t, J = 5.7 Hz, 5H), 3.48–3.38 (m, 5H), 3.32–3.18 (m, 4H), 2.60 (s, 4H), 2.54 (s, 2H), 2.40 (s, 4H), 2.16 (d, J = 13.0 Hz, 1H), 2.04–1.84 (m, 3H), 1.61 (s, 7H), 1.42–0.90 (m, 3H), 0.76 (dt, J = 37.5, 7.3 Hz, 3H). MS (ESI) m/z 1206.6 (M + H) + . h. tert-Butyl (S)-(8-(2-(4-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,3,9-trimethyl-6H-thieno[3,2- ƒ][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]diazepin-6-yl)acetamido)octyl) carbamate [00194] [00195] (+)-JQ1 carboxylic acid (15 mg, 0.037 mmol), HATU (14 mg, 0.056 mmol), DIPEA (20 uL, 0.11 mmol), and tert-butyl (8-aminooctyl)carbamate (11 mg, 0.045 mmol) were charged into a 4 mL vial. After adding 1 mL DMF, the solution was stirred for 2 hours. Upon the completion of the coupling reaction indicated by LCMS, the material was partitioned between DCM (15 mL) and brine (15 mL), and transferred to a separatory funnel. The layers were separated, and the aqueous phase was further extracted with DCM (15 mL). The organic extracts were dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated to dryness. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography to yield 23 mg (99%) of the title compound. i. (R)-1-(2-(2-((8-(2-((S)-4-(4-Chlorophenyl)-2,3,9-trimethyl-6 H-thieno[3,2- ƒ][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]diazepin-6-yl)acetamido)octyl) amino)-2- oxoethoxy)phenyl)-3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)propyl (S)-1-((S)-2-(3,,5- trimethoxyphenyl)butanoyl)piperidine-2-carboxylate (JWJ-01-255) [00196] [00197] Title compound was generated via general procedure of HATU coupling using resulting solid (23 mg, 0.037 mmol) and ortho-AP acid (23 mg, 0.034 mmol), which yielded a while solid (3.1 mg, 6.3%) with 99% purity. 1 H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.15 (t, J = 5.6 Hz, 1H), 7.52–7.45 (m, 2H), 7.42 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 2H), 6.89–6.72 (m, 4H), 6.66–6.58 (m, 1H), 6.55 (s, 1H), 6.03 (dd, J = 8.3, 4.9 Hz, 1H), 5.32 (dd, J = 6.0, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 4.62–4.39 (m, 4H), 3.73 (d, J = 4.2 Hz, 2H), 3.71 (s, 3H), 3.69 (s, 3H), 3.55 (d, J = 9.3 Hz, 8H), 3.28–3.15 (m, 2H), 3.15–3.01 (m, 5H), 2.59 (s, 5H), 2.40 (d, J = 3.6 Hz, 4H), 2.22–2.09 (m, 1H), 2.06–1.83 (m, 2H), 1.65–1.53 (m, 7H), 1.37 (ddt, J = 39.8, 13.6, 6.8 Hz, 6H), 1.28–1.13 (m, 12H), 0.76 (dt, J = 43.4, 7.3 Hz, 3H). MS (ESI) m/z 1203.6 (M + H) + . [00198] Those skilled in the art will recognize, or be able to ascertain using no more than routine experimentation, many equivalents to the specific embodiments of the method and compositions described herein. Such equivalents are intended to be encompassed by the following claims.
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