SUMMARY

[0001] Disclosed herein are methods of removing at least a portion of a coating from a surface, the methods including contacting the surface with a composition, the composition having a set of Hansen Solubility Parameters of: 14 < 5D < 18; 4 < 5P < 7, and 8 < dH < 9.5; and removing at least a portion of the coating from the surface.

[0002] Also disclose are compositions having a set of Hansen Solubility Parameters of: 14< dϋ < 18, 4 < dR < 7 and 8 < dH < 9.5.

[0003] The above summary is not intended to describe each embodiment of the present disclosure. The details of one or more embodiments of the present disclosure are also set forth in the description below. Other features, objects, and advantages of the present disclosure will be apparent from the description and from the claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0004] The disclosure may be more completely understood in consideration of the following detailed description of various illustrative embodiments in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0005] Figure 1 A shows a photograph of the gasket containing Example 1 after 20 minutes but prior to scraping, after 20minutes after scraping (Figure IB), after 40 minutes after scraping (Figure 1C) and after 60 minutes after scraping (Figure ID).

[0006] Figure 2A shows a photograph of the gasket containing Example 2 after 20 minutes, 40 minutes (Figure 2B) and 60 minutes after scraping (Figure 2C).

[0007] Figure 3 A shows a photograph of the gasket containing Example 3 after 20 minutes prior to scraping, after 20minutes after scraping (Figure 3B), and after 40 minutes after scraping (Figure 3C). [0008] Figure 4A shows a photograph of the gasket containing Example 4 after 20 minutes, 40 minutes (Figure 4B) and 60 minutes after scraping (Figure 4C).

[0009] Figure 5A shows a photograph of the gasket containing Example 5 after 20 minutes, 40 minutes (Figure 5B) and 60 minutes after scraping (Figure 5C).

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0010] Commonly utilized compositions for removing coatings from surfaces have been available for many years. They typically operate using two standard principles: chemical action or solvent power. Compositions employing chemical action usually include acidic or basic compounds. Some such compositions are described in CIS Pat. Nos. 5,454,985 and 3,681,250. Compositions such as these can be undesirable since they can alter metal surfaces. They have also been known to discolor wood if extensive care is not taken to remove the composition in its entirety after application.

[0011] Compositions that rely on the solvent power of the components can be broken down into four groups: halogenated organic compounds; N-methyl pyrrolidone; flammable compositions; and dibasic esters. Each of these types of compositions have their own drawbacks.

[0012] Compositions to remove coatings from surfaces that include halogenated organic compounds such as methylene chloride for example can be exemplified by US Pat. No. 2,507,983. Such compositions are undesirable because halogenated hydrocarbons are known carcinogens and have multiple adverse health effects. While it would be beneficial for compositions that remove coatings to be substantially free of halogenated hydrocarbons, the use of methylene chloride is often used in this manner due its fast-acting performance.

[0013] Another class of compositions for removing coatings from surfaces include N-methyl

pyrrolidone. An example of which is described in US Pat. No. 4,120,810. N-methyl pyrrolidone based compositions have been developed as a“safe” alternative to methylene chloride based compositions since they can be classified as fast-acting compositions. While such compositions are not known carcinogens, they are a reproductive toxin and can have long-lasting negative effects on the central nervous system.

[0014] Another class are flammable compositions. Flammable compositions for removing coatings from surfaces are exemplified by WO2018/039415A1. Such compositions are not desirable due to the inherent risk of fire associated therewith. [0015] A final class of compositions for removing coatings from surfaces include dibasic esters.

Compositions including dibasic esters are generally considered safe, because they are substantially free of halogenated organic compounds and reprotoxic compounds, and are non flammable. An example of such compositions are described in US Pat. No. 4,927,556. A significant drawback of these compositions, however, is that they exhibit a slow relative performance compared to the other solvent powered compositions described above.

[0016] Currently there are four basic technologies relying on solvent power that are commercially

available, because they are considered non-flammable. Compositions relying on solvent power can be characterized using Hansen Solubility parameters. The Hansen Solubility parameters describe the miscibility of liquids and their ability to dissolve polymers. The Hansen Solubility parameters augment the basic principle of“like dissolves like” ( the solubility of polar and non polar solutes and solvents) with numerical quantifiable values derived from total cohesion energy and are thus based in the thermodynamic principles of liquid mixtures. There are three solubility parameters: the dispersion solubility parameter 5D, the polar solubility parameter 5P, and the hydrogen bonding solubility parameter dH. They are derived from total cohesive energy as defined by Hansen as the sum of the dispersion cohesive energy (ED), poplar cohesive energy (Ep) and hydrogen bonding cohesive energy (EH) and the molecular volume of a compound.

[0017] Solubility parameters are used in the paint and coatings industry to predict the solubility of

polymers, chemical resistance, permeation rates, to characterize the surfaces of pigments and fibers, the solubility of active pharmaceutical compounds and more.

[0018] The four commercially available technologies include: compositions including methylene

chloride; compositions including N-methyl pyrrolidone; compositions including benzyl alcohol; and compositions including dimethyl adipate, dimethyl succinate and dimethyl glutarate.

[0019] Compositions including methylene chloride show a high efficacy in stripping paint but are highly toxic. For example, methylene chloride can cause acute and chronic effects on the central nervous system. Compositions including methylene chloride have Hansen solubility parameters of dϋ 16.7 dR 8.1 dH 9.4.

[0020] Compositions including N-methyl pyrrolidone show a good efficacy in stripping paint but are toxic. For example, N-methyl pyrrolidone is known to be a reproductive toxin. Compositions including N-methyl pyrrolidone have Hansen solubility parameters of dϋ 17.1 dR 9.8 dH 7.8. [0021] Compositions including benzyl alcohol exhibit a slow rate of removal of coatings from surfaces, yet they are generally considered safe. Compositions inlcuding benzyl alcohol have Hansen solubility parameters of 5D 18.4 5P 6.3 dH 13.7.

[0022] Compositions including dimethyl adipate, dimethyl succinate and dimethyl glutarate exhibit a slow rate of removal of coatings from surfaces yet they are generally considered safe.

Compositions including dimethyl adipate, dimethyl succinate and dimethyl glutarate have Hansen solubility parameters of dϋ 17.1 dR 9.8 dH 7.8.

[0023] Even though there are numerous known compositions, such as those show above, capable of removing coatings from surfaces, they all suffer from one or more drawbacks. Therefore there remains a need for novel compositions for removing coatings from surfaces.

[0024] Solubility data of polymers used in coatings show that the polar solubility parameter dR has values of dR = 9 or higher (see for example the following citation, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference thereto:

h¾ps://www. turi or¾'... /tIie/Hansen%20So¾ubility%20Parameters.Morose.NoylS.pdf) _·

Furthermore, it has been stated that low hydrogen bonding parameters of compositions are necessary for the effective removal of coatings from surfaces (see for example, G. Morose, et al. report: Assessment of Safer and Effective Alternatives to Methylene Chloride for Paint Stripping Products, Toxic Use Reduction Institute June 2017, UMass Lowel). Desirable hydrogen bonding parameters are described as dH > 8, more desirably dH> 7.2 as is the parameter for methylene chloride. The study further concludes that the other two solubility parameters, namely the polar solubility parameter and the dispersion solubility parameter, have little influence on the performance of removing coatings from surfaces.

[0025] In some embodiments, disclosed compositions for removing one or more coatings from a surface have a dispersion solubility parameter dϋ from 14 to 18; a polar solubility parameter dR from 4 to 7; and a hydrogen bonding solubility parameter dH from 8 to 9.5 (14 < dϋ < 18; 4 < dR < 7 and 8 < dH < 9.5). In some embodiments, disclosed compositions for removing one or more coatings from a surface have a dispersion solubility parameter dϋ from 16 to 17.5; a polar solubility parameter dR from 5 to 6.5; and a hydrogen bonding solubility parameter dH from 8 to 8.7(16 < dϋ < 17.5, 6.5 < dR > 5 and 8 < dH > 8.7). In some embodiments, disclosed compositions having Hansen solubility parameters such as those noted herein do not include acidic or basic compounds and are still desirably fast acting compositions. [0026] Components of disclosed compositions can be described by the molecular volume thereof. The molecular volume is defined at ambient temperature of 20°C as the volume taken up by one mole of a substance. It can be calculated by dividing the molecular weight of a substance by its volumetric mass density. For example the molecular volume of ethanol is 46.07g/mol and the molecular volume is therefore 46.07g/mol / 0.789g/mL = 58.39 mL/mol; and the molecular weight of n-butanol is 74.12 g/mol and the molecular volume is therefore 74.12 g/mol / 0.81 g/mL = 91.53 mL/mol.

[0027] The relative sum of the molecular volume of a mixture or composition is defined as the

molecular volumes of its individual components multiplied by their relative amount. For example a 50/50 mixture of ethanol and butanol will have a combined molecular volume of 0.5 * 58.39g/mL + 0.5 * 91.35 g/mL = 74.87.

[0028] In some embodiments disclosed compositions have a relative sum of the molecular volume of the composition of not less than 90 mL/mol. In some embodiments, disclosed compositions have a relative sum of the molecular volume of the composition of not less than 1 lOmL/mol. In some embodiments, disclosed compositions have a relative sum of the molecular volume of the composition of not less than 130mL/mol.

[0029] According to the prior art, compositions that can efficiently remove coatings from surfaces in a short amount of time have both a relative sum of the molecular volume of said compositions as well as their individual components that is smaller than 80 mL/mol. (see e.g., G. Morose, et al. report: Assessment of Safer and Effective Alternatives to Methylene Chloride for Paint Stripping Products, Toxic Use Reduction Institute June 2017, UMass Lowel). For example, compositions including relatively high molecular volume components, e.g., benzyl alcohol (104 mL/mol) and dimethyl glutarate (152 mL/mol) have previously been slow acting. Surprisingly, disclosed compositions include components with high molecular volumes but are advantageously fast acting in removing coatings from surfaces.

[0030] In some embodiments, compositions can include one or more compounds according to formula I, which can also be described as a high molecular volume component:

wherein R is H or a C1-C6 alkyl; X is Cl -CIO alkyl; an n is an integer from 0 to 5. [0031] In some embodiments the compound of formula I (e.g., the keto carboxylic acid ester) is a levulinic acid ester wherein R = H and n = 2. Illustrative examples of levulinic acid esters are methyl levulinate, ethyl levulinate, n-propyl levulinate, i-propyl levulinate, n-butyl levulinate, iso-butyl levulinate, sec-butyl levulinate, isoamyl levulinate, pentyl levulinate and hexyl levulinate.

[0032] In some embodiments the compound of formula I (e.g., the keto carboxylic acid ester) is an acetoacetic acid ester wherein R = H and n = 1. Illustrative examples of acetoacetic acid esters are methyl acetoacetate, ethyl acetoacetate, n-propyl acetoacetate, i-propyl acetoacetate, n-butyl acetoacetate, i-butyl acetoacetate, sec-butyl acetoacetate, isoamyl acetoacetate, pentyl acetoacetates and hexyl acetoacetates. In some embodiments, disclosed compositions can have greater than 25 wt%, greater than 40 wt%, or greater than 45 wt% of one or more compounds of Formula I. In some embodiments, disclosed compositions can have less than 75 wt%, less than 60 wt%, or less than 55 wt% of one or more compounds of Formula I. In some embodiments, disclosed compositions can include 50 wt% of one or more compounds of Formula I.

[0033] In some embodiments, compositions can include one or more compounds according to formula II, which can also be described as a high molecular volume component:

wherein R is a C1-C6 alkyl; Y is a C2-5 alkyl, optionally containing a C=C double bond; 1 to 5 are each independently H or a C1-C5 alkyl.

[0034] In some embodiments disclosed compositions can include esters of cinnamatic acid wherein R = CH3, Y = HC=CH, 1 = 2 = 3 = 4 = 5 = H Examples of cinnamatic acid esters include methyl cinnamate, ethyl cinnamate, n-propyl cinnamate, i-propyl cinnamate, n-butyl cinnamate, iso butyl cinnamate, sec-butyl cinnamate, isoamyl cinnamate, pentyl cinnamate and hexyl cinnamate for example.

[0035] In some embodiments disclosed compositions can include one or more glycol ethers. Glycol ethers are the condensation product of glycols with alcohols. Illustrative glycol ethers include but are not limited to, Ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (2-methoxy ethanol), Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether (2-ethoxyethanol), Ethylene glycol monopropyl ether (2-propoxyethanol), Ethylene glycol monoisopropyl ether (2 -isopropoxy ethanol), Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether (2-butoxyethanol), Ethylene glycol monophenyl ether (2-phenoxyethanol), Ethylene glycol monobenzyl ether (2 -benzyloxy ethanol), Propylene glycol methyl ether, (l-methoxy-2- propanol), Propylene glycol mono butyl ether (l-butoxy-2-propalnol), Diethylene glycol monomethyl ether (2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethanol), Diethylene glycol monoethyl ether (2-(2- ethoxyethoxy)ethanol), Diethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether (2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol), Dipropyleneglycol methyl ether, Ethylene glycol dimethyl ether (dimethoxyethane), Ethylene glycol diethyl ether (diethoxyethane), Ethylene glycol dibutyl ether (dibutoxyethane), Ethylene glycol methyl ether acetate (2-methoxyethyl acetate), Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate (2-ethoxy ethyl acetate), Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate (2-butoxyethyl acetate), and Propylene glycol methyl ether acetate (l-methoxy-2-propanol acetate).

[0036] In some embodiments disclosed compositions can include one or more propylene glycol ethers.

Illustrative examples of propylene glycol ethers are Propylene glycol methyl ether, (1-m ethoxy -

2-propanol), Dipropyleneglycol methyl ether, Propylene glycol mono butyl ether (l-butoxy-2- propalnol), and Propylene glycol methyl ether acetate (l-methoxy-2-propanol acetate).

[0037] In some embodiments disclosed compositions can include at least one glycol ether with a

molecular volume of less than lOOmL/moL. In some embodiments disclosed compositions can include at least one glycol ether and at least one carboxylic acid ester. In some embodiments disclosed compositions can include at least two different carboxylic acid esters.

[0038] In some embodiments, disclosed compositions may also include one or more auxiliary solvents.

Auxiliary solvents are preferably chosen from the group of alcohols, amines, carboxylic acid esters. Examples of auxiliary solvents are ethanol, ethylene glycol, 2-propanol, 1,2-propanediol, propylene glycol, 1,2-butanediol, 1,3-butanediol, and glycerol, 1,2-Hexanediol, l,3-Dioxolan-2- one, 4-ethyl- 1 -(2 -Methoxy-l-methylethoxy)-2-propanol, 1-Dodecanol, l-Methoxy-2-propanol, l-Propoxy-2-propanol, 1-Undecanol, 2,2-dimethyl-l,3-Dioxolane-4-methanol, 2-Methyl-2,4- pentanediol, 3 -Methoxybutyl acetate, 3 -Methyl-3 -methoxybutanol, 4-Hydroxymethyl-l,3- dioxolan-2-one, CIO-16 Alcohols, C9-11 Alcohols, 3 -hydroxy -Butanoic acid ethyl ester, Butyl-

3-hydroxy-2-methylbuyrate, Butyl-3 -hydroxybutanoate, Castor oil, Coconut alcohol, Dibutyl sebacate, Dimethyl adipate, Dimethylethylsuccinate, Dimethyl glutarate, Dimethyl succinate, Dipropylene glycol, Dipropylene glycolmethyl ether, Dipropylene glycol propyl ether, Ethyl lactate , Ethyl-3 -ethoxy propionate, Glycerides, mixed decanoyl and octanoyl, Glycerol,

Glycerol octanoate decanoate, Isopropyl 3-hydroxybutyrate, Isopropyl myristate, Methyl laurate, Methyl oleate, 2-methyl-Pentanedioic acid, 1,5 -dimethyl ester, Pentylene glycol, 1 (or 2)-2- methoxymethyl ethoxy Propanol acetate, Propylacetate, Propylene carbonate, Propylene glycol methyl ether acetate, Propylene glycol n-butyl ether, Tetraethylene glycol, Tripropylene glycol, Tripropylene glycol n-butyl ether, White mineral oil, and petroleum.

[0039] Removing a coating, such as paint for example, from a large surface with a flammable

composition could easily present a potential hazard that could cause fire or explosion.

Compositions having a flashpoint below 38°C are considered flammable as defined by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) standards. In some embodiments, disclosed compositions have a flash point above 38°C and can therefore be considered non flammable.

[0040] Non-combustible compositions have a flash point above 66 °C according to the United States Consumer Products Safety Commission (US CPSC) and above 93 °C according to OSHA and Globally Harmonized System for Hazard Communication (GHS) standards. In some

embodiments, disclosed compositions have a flash point above 66°C and in some embodiments disclosed compositions have a flash point above 93 °C, for example.

[0041] In some embodiments, disclosed compositions can optionally include one or more additives. The additive(s) can be selected to achieve a desired property. In some embodiments, the additive(s) can also be selected to not significantly adversely affect a desired property of the composition.

In some embodiments, the additive can be selected from thickeners, wetting agents, colorants, rinsing agents, evaporation inhibitors, activators, corrosion inhibitors, surfactants, fillers, combinations thereof, and the like. In some embodiments, the additive can be selected from thickeners, evaporation inhibitors, surfactants, fillers, and combinations thereof. Thickeners are generally used to increase the viscosity of the composition. Illustrative thickeners can include, for example, cellulose ethers (e.g., hydroxypropyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, and other alkyl or hydroxyalkyl cellulose, and combinations thereof); silica including colloidal silica; clays (e.g., bentonite and montmorillonite starch); alumina including colloidal alumina; gum arabic; tragacanth; agar; sugar derivatives; high molecular weight polyethylene oxides; fatty acid salts; guar gum; xanthan gum; polyvinyl pyrrolidone and methyl vinyl ether/maleic anhydride copolymers; paraffinic waxes (e.g., polyethylene wax); and the like, or a combination thereof. Evaporation inhibitors can be used to reduce evaporation of the composition, thus increasing the amount of contact time with a coating to be removed.

Illustrative evaporation inhibitors can include, for example, film forming resins, acrylic resins, hydrocarbon resins (such as polyethylene), waxes (such as paraffin wax and ester waxes), or a combination thereof. Surfactants can be used to enhance wetting or penetration of the composition onto or into a coating. Illustrative surfactants can be anionic, cationic, nonionic, or amphoteric, and can include, for example, polyoxyethylene derivatives of aromatic and aliphatic alcohols, (e.g., nonyl phenoxy polyoxyethylene ethanol), alkali metal salts of C8-22 aliphatic sulfates (e.g., sodium lauryl sulfate, and the like), alkali metal salts of alkyl aromatic sulfonates (e.g., sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, and the like), dialkyl sulfosuccinates (e.g., dioctyl sulfosuccinate, and the like), and the like, and combinations thereof. Fillers are generally used to increase the volume of the composition by not affecting its efficiency. Illustrative fillers can include, for example, liquid fillers such as water, glycerol, 1,3-propylene glycol or vegetable oils such as Coconut oil, Corn Com oil, Olive oil, Palm oil, Soybean oil; solid fillers can include organic fillers sugars and sugar derivatives such as maltodextrins, Carrageenan, Sodium starch, Sorbitol, Com sugar syrup, D-Glucose, Dextrin, as well as inorganic fillers such as salts like sodium chloride, Calcium carbonate, Calcium chloride, Calcium silicate, Cellulose regenerated, Glass fibers, Limestone, Magnesium carbonate, Magnesium chloride, Magnesium sulfate, Maltodextrin, Perlite, Polyglycerol, Potassium bicarbonate, Potassium, Potassium chloride, Potassium silicate, Potassium sulfate, Sodium bicarbonate, Sodium bisulfate, Sodium bisulfate, Sodium carbonate, Sodium magnesium silicate, Sodium metasilicate, Sodium sesquicarbonate, Sodium silicate, Sodium sulfate. In some embodiments the composition comprises multiple additives.

[0042] When present, optional additive(s) can be included in the composition in an amount greater than 0 to 90 weight percent, or 30 to 50 weight percent, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0043] In some embodiments optional additives can be chosen to create a composition that includes one or more phases. Multiple phases may be desirable to reduce the content of certain active compounds and replace them by certain non-active compounds.

[0044] In some embodiments, disclosed compositions comprising multiple phases can be colloidal suspensions. A colloid suspension is a mixture in which one substance of dispersed (e.g., microscopically dispersed) insoluble particles is suspended throughout another substance. The dispersed-phase particles can have a diameter between approximately 1 and 1000 nanometers. One type of colloidal suspension is called an emulsion. An emulsion is a mixture of two or more liquids that are normally immiscible (unmixable or unblendable). Emulsions are liquids comprised of at least two phases: a dispersed phase and a continuous phase. In an emulsion, one liquid (the dispersed phase) is dispersed in the other (the continuous phase). In some

embodiments, useful emulsions can include water in oil emulsions, oil in water emulsions, micro emulsions, nano emulsion, or Pickering emulsions for example.

[0045] In some embodiments, a gel like composition can be advantageous in order to facilitate easy application of the composition to a surface. A gel like composition can be described as having a viscosity of not less than 15,000cps, for example. The viscosity of a fluid is the measure of its resistance to gradual deformation by shear stress or tensile stress. Compositions having a viscosity less than 15,000cps can easily flow off vertical surfaces, thereby making them more difficult to use. In some embodiments the composition to remove coatings from surfaces will not easily flow off vertical surfaces. As the viscosity of disclosed compositions increases, the diffusion of active compounds into the coating is limited and the speed at which a composition can act on the surface to be removed can be limited. In some embodiments, disclosed

compositions can have a viscosity of not greater than 40,000cps. In some embodiments, the viscosity of disclosed compositions can be considered a compromise between a desirably higher viscosity so the composition can be maintained on a vertical surface and a desirably lower viscosity so the composition can still be relatively fast acting. In some embodiments disclosed compositions can have a viscosity between 15,000cps and 40,000 cps, for example.

[0046] In some embodiments, the composition can be substantially free of certain compounds. As used herein, the term "substantially free" means that the composition includes less than or equal to 10 volume percent, or less than or equal to 5 volume percent, or less than or equal to 1 volume percent, or less than or equal to 0.5 volume percent, or less than or equal to 0.1 volume percent of the recited solvent. For example in some embodiments the composition is substantially free of chlorinated organic compounds such as methylene chloride. In other embodiments the composition is substantially free of N-methylpyrrolidone.

[0047] Disclosed compositions can be prepared, for example, by mixing components via blending using a mechanical mixer in a tank or other similar vessel, for example. Additives can generally be added at any time during mixing of the components by slowly adding one or more additives to the solvent components while mixing. Alternatively, the solvent components and any additives can be added and mixed simultaneously

[0048] Also disclosed herein are methods of using disclosed compositions. For example, methods of removing coatings from surfaces. Such method can include a step of contacting a surface having one or more coatings on at least a portion of the surface with a disclosed composition. Such a step can include applying the composition to a surface where the coating is desired to be removed. Optional steps can also include allowing the composition to act for a certain amount of time, and the removing the composition and at least part of the coating from the surface.

[0049] In some cases, the coating can include more than one layer (e.g., the coating can be multilayered and - for instance - could consist of up to ten layers for example [e.g. - 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 layers]). Each layer can be the same or different and, in some cases, the coating (or coating layer(s) when more than one coating layer is present) may be comprised of epoxy, latex enamel paints, alkyd paints, oil-based paints, varnish, shellac, paint, lacquer, polyurethane, primers, basecoats, clearcoats, or a combination thereof.

[0050] In some embodiments, disclosed compositions can be fast-acting when removing coatings from surfaces. Fast-acting compositions can remove at least a portion of the coating within 90 minutes, in some embodiments within 60 minutes, or in some embodiments within 30 minutes.

[0051] In some embodiments, the surface can include wood, metal (e.g., aluminum, steel, and the like), ceramic, brick, stone, concrete, glass, plastic, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, disclosed compositions can be particularly useful for removing paints and coatings from furniture, automobiles, boats, trains, airplanes, military vehicles, paint guns, and the like.

[0052] A step of contacting a disclosed composition with a coated surface can be by, for example,

dipping, spraying, brushing, dropping, or pouring the composition onto the coated surface.

[0053] Contacting the compositions with a coating disposed on a surface can often be accompanied by changes to the coating including penetration, softening, swelling, flaking, cracking, chemical reacting, dissolution of the coating, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, separating the coating from the surface can be, for example, by scraping, brushing, sanding, washing, pressurized spraying of gases or liquids, abrasive particles, and the like, or a combination thereof.

[0054] In some embodiments, contacting the composition with the coating to be removed can be done at ambient temperatures. In some embodiments, for example when shorter contact times are desired, the composition, the coated substrate, or both can be heated, for example to a temperature of 20 to 200°C.

[0055] In some embodiments the method comprises contacting the above described composition with the surface comprising a coating disposed on at least a portion of the surface allowing the composition to act for a certain amount of time and separating at least a portion of the coating from the surface.

[0056] In some embodiments, disclosed methods remove at least 50% of one layer of coating. For

example, at least 50% of the one layer can be removed following application of the composition to the surface allowing the composition to act for a certain amount of time and separating at least a portion of the coating from the surface.

[0057] In some embodiments of disclosed methods the composition is allowed to act for no more than 90 minutes before at least 50% of at least one layer of coating is removed. In some embodiments of disclosed methods the composition is allowed to act for no more than 60 minutes before at least 50% of at least one layer of coating is removed. In some embodiments of disclosed methods the composition is allowed to act for no more than 30 minutes before at least 50% of at least one layer of coating is removed.

[0058] In some embodiments of disclosed methods the composition is allowed to act for no more than 90 minutes before at least 50% of two layers of coating is removed. In some embodiments of disclosed methods the composition is allowed to act for no more than 90 minutes before at least 50% of at least three layers of coating is removed. In some embodiments of disclosed methods the composition is allowed to act for no more than 30 minutes before at least 50% of at two layers of coating is removed. In some embodiments disclosed methods remove at least 50% of multiple layers of coatings in 30 minutes.

[0059] In some embodiments, the method can optionally include repeating the contacting and

subsequent separating of the coating from the substrate as needed, for example until a desired surface exposure is achieved. For example, the method can further comprise repeating the contacting and separating one, two, three or four times.

[0060] All scientific and technical terms used herein have meanings commonly used in the art unless otherwise specified. The definitions provided herein are to facilitate understanding of certain terms used frequently herein and are not meant to limit the scope of the present disclosure. [0061] As used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms“a”,“an”, and“the” encompass embodiments having plural referents, unless the content clearly dictates otherwise.

[0062] As used in this specification and the appended claims, the term“or” is generally employed in its sense including“and/or” unless the content clearly dictates otherwise. The term“and/or” means one or all of the listed elements or a combination of any two or more of the listed elements.

[0063] As used herein,“have”,“having”,“include”,“including” ,“comprise”,“comprising” or the like are used in their open ended sense, and generally mean“including, but not limited to”. It will be understood that“consisting essentially of’,“consisting of’, and the like are subsumed in “comprising” and the like. For example, a composition that“comprises” silver may be a composition that“consists of’ silver or that“consists essentially of’ silver.

[0064]“Consisting essentially of,” as it relates to a composition, means that the components of the composition, apparatus, system, method or the like are limited to the enumerated components and any other components that do not materially affect the basic and novel characteristic(s) of the composition, apparatus, system, method or the like.

[0065] The words“preferred” and“preferably” refer to embodiments that may afford certain benefits, under certain circumstances. However, other embodiments may also be preferred, under the same or other circumstances. Furthermore, the recitation of one or more preferred embodiments does not imply that other embodiments are not useful, and is not intended to exclude other embodiments from the scope of the disclosure, including the claims.

[0066] Also herein, the recitations of numerical ranges by endpoints include all numbers subsumed within that range (e.g., 1 to 5 includes 1, 1.5, 2, 2.75, 3, 3.80, 4, 5, etc. or 10 or less includes 10, 9.4, 7.6, 5, 4.3, 2.9, 1.62, 0.3, etc.). Where a range of values is“up to” a particular value, that value is included within the range.

[0067] Use of“first,”“second,” etc. in the description above and the claims that follow is not intended to necessarily indicate that the enumerated number of objects is present. For example, a “second” substrate is merely intended to differentiate from another substrate (such as a“first” substrate). Use of“first,”“second,” etc. in the description above and the claims that follow is also not necessarily intended to indicate that one comes earlier in time than the other.

[0068] Example articles and techniques according to the disclosure provide will be illustrated by the following non-limiting examples.

Examples [0069] Preparation of Paint Coupons:

[0070] Paint coupons were prepared by sanding a 4-inch by 8-inch plywood panel with 180 grit

sandpaper. The sanding dust was removed, and the panel was painted with a water-based primer (Zinser). After 24 hours of drying time, the primer was sanded with 180 grit sandpaper and wiped with a cloth wetted with isopropyl alcohol. A layer of blue exterior oil paint (Rust Oleum) was applied, allowed to dry for 24 hours before sanding with 180 grit sandpaper and wiping with a cloth wetted with isopropyl alcohol. A layer of white exterior/interior latex paint (Rust Oleum) was applied, allowed to dry for 24 hours before sanding with 180 grit sandpaper and wiping with a cloth wetted with isopropyl alcohol. A layer of red exterior/interior latex paint (Rust Oleum) was applied, allowed to dry for 24 hours before sanding with 180 grit sandpaper and wiping with a cloth wetted with isopropyl alcohol. A layer of yellow exterior oil paint (Rust Oleum) was applied, allowed to dry for 24 hours before sanding with 180 grit sandpaper and wiping with a cloth wetted with isopropyl alcohol. The panel was allowed to dry for 72 hours upon which it was cured for 30 days at 60°C in an incubator.

[0071] To be able to contain a composition within a certain part of the coupon 2.5cm inner diameter gaskets were glued to the coupon using super glue. The glue on the gaskets was allowed to cure overnight before the coupons were used for the removal experiments.

[0072] Examples 1-5:

[0073] The compositions of Examples 1-5 were prepared by adding compounds according to Table 1 below into a glass beaker. The composition was mixed using a magnetic stirrer bar for 5 minutes.

[0074] Example 1 : 22.5g butyl levulinate, 5 g propylene glycol mono methyl ether, 5 g butanol, 12.5g methyl-9-decenoate, 2.5g isopropanol and 2.5g water.

[0075] Example 2: Butyl Levulinate 11.2 g, butyl butyrate 2.18 g, Propylene glycol mono methyl ether

11 6 g.

[0076] Example 3: Propyl acetate 15 g, Isopropanol 10 g, Dimethyl-2-Methyl Glutarate 15 g, Methyl Cinnamate 10 g.

[0077] Example 4: Butyl levulinate 11.2 g, Butyl lactate 13.5 g, 1,3 propanediol 0.3 g.

[0078] Example 5: Butyl levulinate 15.5 g, propylene carbonate 7 g, Isopropylidene glycerol 23 g.

[0079] The Hansen solubility parameters were calculated using the HSPiP software version 10.1. The Hansen solubility parameters as well as the relative sum of the molar volumes (Vmol) of the compositions are shown in Table 1. [0080] Table 1

[0081] 2.5mL of the compositions of Examples 1 to 5 were applied into gaskets of a paint coupon

prepared as described above. The gaskets were covered by watch glasses. After 20 minutes the watch glass was removed the composition was removed using a disposable pipet, changes to the coating were noted and the coating was scraped with a wooden scraper. The percentage of removed coating was noted in Table 2. The compositions of Examples 1 to 5 were then reapplied into the gaskets and they were again covered by watch glasses. After 40 minutes the watch glass was removed the composition was removed using a disposable pipet, changes to the coating were noted and the coating was scraped with a wooden scraper. The percentage of removed coating was noted in Table 2. The compositions of Examples 1 to 5 were then reapplied into the gaskets and they were again covered by watch glasses. After 06 minutes the watch glass was removed the composition was removed using a disposable pipet, changes to the coating were noted and the coating was scraped with a wooden scraper. The percentage of removed coating was noted in Table 2.

[0082] Table 2

[0083] Figure 1 A shows a photograph of the gasket containing Example 1 after 20 minutes but prior to scraping, after 20minutes after scraping (Figure IB), after 40 minutes after scraping (Figure 1C) and after 60 minutes after scraping (Figure ID).

[0084] Figure 2A shows a photograph of the gasket containing Example 2 after 20 minutes, 40 minutes (Figure 2B) and 60 minutes after scraping (Figure 2C).

[0085] Figure 3 A shows a photograph of the gasket containing Example 3 after 20 minutes prior to scraping, after 20minutes after scraping (Figure 3B), and after 40 minutes after scraping (Figure 3C).

[0086] Figure 4A shows a photograph of the gasket containing Example 4 after 20 minutes, 40 minutes (Figure 4B) and 60 minutes after scraping (Figure 4C).

[0087] Figure 5A shows a photograph of the gasket containing Example 5 after 20 minutes, 40 minutes (Figure 5B) and 60 minutes after scraping (Figure 5C).

[0088] Thus, embodiments of compositions and methods for removing coatings from surfaces are

disclosed. The implementations described above and other implementations are within the scope of the following claims. One skilled in the art will appreciate that the present disclosure can be practiced with embodiments other than those disclosed. The disclosed embodiments are presented for purposes of illustration and not limitation.