DESCRIPTION

Compound Having Alkadienyl Group as Side Chain, and Liquid Crystal Composition Using Same

Technical Field The present invention relates to a novel liquid crystal compound useful as a liquid crystal material for a display device. More specifically, it relates to a novel liquid crystal compound which has a low viscosity, a mutually good solubility with another liquid crystal compound and a proper optical anisotropy (Δn) and which can obtain sharp electro-optical properties in the case that it is used in a liquid crystal display device, a liquid crystal composition containing this compound, and a liquid crystal display device.

Background Art Heretofore, as liquid crystal compounds which can suitably be used in a super-twisted nematic device

(heretofore abbreviated to "the STN device " sometimes) , various compounds having an alkenyl group as a side chain have been synthesized, and some of these compounds have practically been used. For example, compounds repre- sented by the following formulae (s-1) to (s-3) are disclosed in Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., Vol. 122, p. 241

(1985) and Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 83136/1986, compounds represented by the following formu¬ lae (s-4) and (s-5) are disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 92740/1994, and compounds represented by the following formulae (s-6) and (s-7) are disclosed in DE 19520246A1. Furthermore, compounds represented by the following formulae (s-8) and (s-9) in which a fluorine atom is directly bonded to a double bond are disclosed in Japanese PCT Patent Application Laid- open No. 500343/1994, and a compound represented by the following formula (s-10) is disclosed in Japanese PCT Patent Application Laid-open No. 502627/1992.

\_J CN (s-1)

Alkyl CH2CH2 (S-9)

^F F

However, the compounds represented by the formu¬ lae (s-1) to (s-7) all have strong inclination to show a smectic phase, so that it is difficult on occasion to use a large amount of the compound in a liquid crystal compo¬ sition. In addition, the compounds represented by the formulae (s-4) to (s-7) have a high viscosity, and the compounds represented by the formulae (s-8) to (s-10) contain some portions which should be improved. For example, they are poor in chemical stability (particularly heat stability) on occasion. In particular, the improvement of a steepness of electro-optic charac¬ teristics is still desired.

Disclosure of the Invention The present inventors have intensively investi¬ gated to solve the above problems, and as a result, it has been found that a compound having an alkadienyl group at one terminal and an alkenyl group at the other termi¬ nal of its molecule has an extremely large elastic con¬ stant ratio (K33/K ₁₁ ) , a very low viscosity, a wide nematic phase temperature range, a high chemical stability, a proper optical anisotropy (Δn) and dielectric anisotropy (Δε) . Furthermore, it has also been found that when a liquid crystal composition containing this kind of com¬ pound is used, there can be manufactured a liquid crystal display device having steep electro-optic characteristics, a short response time, a wide operation temperature range and a low driving voltage, and therefore, the above compound is suitable for a liquid crystal composition for liquid crystal display devices, particularly STN (super- twisted nematic) devices which are now extensively used. In consequence, the present invention has been completed. Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal compound having a low viscosity, a mutually good solubility with another liquid crystal compound, a proper optical anisotropy (Δn) , a proper dielectric anisotropy (Δε) and steep electro-optic characteristics. Another object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal composition using this

compound. Still another object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal display device.

In the present invention, the term "liquid crys¬ tal compound" means a compound showing a liquid crystal phase and a compound which does not show the liquid crystal phase by itself but which exhibits suitable characteristics as a liquid crystal when mixed to form a liquid crystal composition.

A compound represented by the following formula (s-11) having an alkadienyl group as a side chain is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application No. 310039/1995, and a compound represented by the following formula (s-12) simultaneously having alkenyl groups at both the terminals thereof is disclosed in DE414647A1. However, there have not been any concrete description of a com¬ pound having an alkadienyl group at one terminal and an alkenyl group at the other terminal of its molecule. Furthermore, Japanese PCT Patent Application Laid-open No, 502627/1992 discloses a compound alone in which a termi- nal group is a polar group such as a halogen atom, and it does not disclose the compound simultaneously having the alkadienyl group and the alkenyl group.

< ^s - ⁱ² >

The aspects of the present invention will be described in the following paragraphs [1] to [15] .

[1] A compound represented by the general for¬ mula (1)

wherein Ri is an alkadienyl group having 4 to 10 carbon atoms in which at least one hydrogen atom may be substi¬ tuted by a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom or a cyano group; R ₂ is an alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms in which at least one hydrogen atom may be substituted by a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom or a cyano group; one or more non-adjacent methylene groups (-CH-) in the alkadi¬ enyl group or the alkenyl group may be replaced by -0-, -CH=CH- or -C≡C-; rings Ai, A ₂ , A ₃ and A ₄ are each inde¬ pendently 1, 4-cyclohexylene, 1, 4-cyclohexenylene, 1,4- phenylene, 1, 3-dioxane-2, 5-diyl, pyridine-2, 5-diyl or pyrimidine-2, 5-diyl in which at least one hydrogen atom may be substituted by a halogen atom; Zi, Z ₂ and Z ₃ are each independently a single bond, -CH ₂ CH ₂ -, -CH=CH-, -C≡C-, -CH ₂ 0-, -OCH ₂ -, -<CH ₂ ).-, -(CH ₂ ) ₃ -0-, -0-(CH ₂ ) ₃ -, -(CH ₂ ) ₂ -CH=CH- _f -CH=CH- (CH ₂ ) ₂ -, -CF ₂ 0-, -OCF ₂ -, -CR=CH-, -CH=CR- or -CF=CF-, and R is an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms; p and q are each independently 0 or 1; and

each element in the formula may be substituted by its isotope.

[2] The compound according to the above para¬ graph [1] wherein Ri is a 1, 3-alkadienyl group; and R ₂ is an alkenyl group.

[3] The compound according to the above para¬ graph [1] wherein Ri is a 1, -alkadienyl group; and R ₂ is an alkenyl group.

[4] The compound according to the above para- graph [1] wherein Ri is a 1, 5-alkadienyl group; and R ₂ is an alkenyl group.

[5] The compound according to the above para¬ graph [1] wherein Ri is a 1, 6-alkadienyl group; and R ₂ is an alkenyl group. [6] The compound according to the above para¬ graph [1J wherein i is a 3, 7-alkadienyl group; and R ₂ is an alkenyl group.

[7] The compound according to the above para¬ graph [1] wherein Ri and R ₂ are each an alkadienyl group. [8] A liquid crystal composition comprising two or more components which contains at least one of the compounds described in the above paragraphs [1] to [ 1 ] .

[ 9] A liquid crystal composition which comprises, as a first component, at least one of the compounds described in the above paragraphs [1] to [7], and as a second component, at least one compound selected from the

group consisting of compounds represented by the general formulae (2), (3) and (4)

wherein R ₃ is an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms in which at least one hydrogen atom may be substituted by a fluorine atom, and one or more non-adjacent methylene groups (-CH ₂ ~) in the alkyl group may be replaced by -0- or -CH=CH-; Yi is a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, 0CF ₃ , OCF ₂ H, CF ₃ , CF ₂ H, CFH ₂ , OCF ₂ CF ₂ H or OCF ₂ CFHCF ₃ ; L _α and L ₂ are each independently a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom; Z ₄ and Z ₅ are each independently a 1,2-ethylene group, a 1,4-butylene group, -C00-, -CF ₂ 0-, -OCF ₂ -, -CH=CH- or a single bond; a ring D is trans-1,4- cyclohexylene, 1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl or 1,4-phenylene in which at least one hydrogen atom may be substituted by a fluorine atom; a ring E is trans-1, 4-cyclohexylene or

1, 4-phenylene in which at least one hydrogen atom may be substituted by a fluorine atom; and each element in the formulae may be substituted by its isotope.

[10] A liquid crystal composition which com¬ prises, as a first component, at least one of the com¬ pounds described in the above paragraphs [1] to [7], and as a second component, at least one compound selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by the general formulae (5) and (6)

^» < E Α _b ^z - k ^{γ> (5)}

wherein R and R ₅ are each independently an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms in which at least one hydro¬ gen atom may be substituted by a fluorine atom, and one or more non-adjacent methylene groups (-CH ₂ -) in the alkyl group may be replaced by -O- or -CH=CH-; Y ₂ is a -CN group or -C≡C-CN; a ring F is trans-1, 4-cyclohexylene, 1,4- phenylene, 1, 3-dioxane-2, 5-diyl or pyrimidine-2,5-diyl; a ring G is trans-1, 4-cyclohexylene, 1, 4-phenylene in which at least one hydrogen atom may be substituted by a fluo¬ rine atom, or pyrimidine-2,5-diyl; a ring M is trans-1,4-

cyclohexylene or 1, 4-phenylene; Z ₆ is a 1,2-ethylene group, -COO- or a single bond; L ₃ , L ₄ and L ₅ are each independ¬ ently a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom; b, c and d are each independently 0 or 1; and each element in the formu- lae may be substituted by its isotope.

[11] A liquid crystal composition which com¬ prises, as a first component, at least one of the com¬ pounds described in the above paragraphs [1] to [7]; as a second component, at least one compound selected from the group consisting of the compounds represented by the above general formulae (2), (3) and (4); and as a third component, at least one compound selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by the general formu¬ lae (7), (8) and (9)

_Hβ - - _Z7 - 7 - ₂ i- _R7 (7)

wherein R ₆ and R are each independently an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms in which at least one hydro- gen atom may be substituted by a fluorine atom, and one or more non-adjacent methylene groups (-CH ₂ -) in the alkyl

group may be replaced by -O- or -CH=CH-; I, J and K are each independently trans-1, 4-cyclohexylene, pyrimidine- 2, 5-diyl or 1, 4-phenylene in which a hydrogen atom may be substituted by a fluorine atom; Z ₇ and Zg are each inde- pendently -C≡C-, -COO-, -CH ₂ CH ₂ -, -CH=CH- or a single bond; and each element in the formulae may be substituted by its isotope.

[12] A liquid crystal composition which com¬ prises, as a first component, at least one of the com- pounds described in the above paragraphs [1] to [7] ; as a second component, at least one compound selected from the group consisting of the compounds represented by the above general formulae (5) and (6) ; and as a third compo¬ nent, at least one compound selected from the group consisting of the compounds represented by the above general formulae (7), (8) and (9) .

[13] A liquid crystal composition which com¬ prises, as a first component, at least one of the com¬ pounds described in the above paragraphs [1] to [7]; as a second component, at least one compound selected from the group consisting of the compounds represented by the above general formulae (2), (3) and (4); as a third component, at least one compound selected from the group consisting of the compounds represented by the above general formulae (5) and (6); and as a fourth component, at least one compound selected from the group consisting

of the compounds represented by the above general formu¬ lae (7) , (8) and (9) .

[14] A liquid crystal composition which com¬ prises the liquid crystal composition described in any of the above paragraphs [8] to [13], and at least one opti¬ cally active compound.

[15] A liquid crystal display device which is constituted by the use of the liquid crystal composition described in any of the above paragraphs [8] to [14] . A compound represented by the general formula (1) regarding the present invention has an alkadienyl group at one terminal and an alkenyl group at the other termi¬ nal of its molecule, and therefore it can show excellent liquid crystal properties. When this compound is used in a liquid crystal display device, the following advantages can be obtained.

(1) The compound of the present invention has a mutually good solubility with another liquid crystal compound or another liquid crystal composition, and for example, even at a temperature of -20°C which is practi¬ cally required, a nematic phase is not impaired.

(2) The compound of the present invention shows a low viscosity, and hence, in preparing a liquid crystal composition, the viscosity of the whole composition does not increase, even when a large amount of the compound is used. In addition, the dependence of the viscosity on a

temperature, particularly in a low temperature range, is extremely small as compared with a liquid crystal compo¬ sition using conventional liquid crystal compounds. By the use of the liquid crystal compound of the present invention, the liquid crystal composition having a high¬ speed response performance can be prepared.

(3) The compound of the present invention is very chemically stable, and the liquid crystal composi¬ tion in which this compound is used has a very high specific resistance value and voltage holding ratio. This compound is also remarkably stable to external factors such as ultraviolet light and heat, and hence it shows a chemical stability which is satisfactory as a constitutional element of the practical liquid crystal composition.

(4) As compared with a liquid crystal composi¬ tion using a conventional liquid crystal compound, the liquid crystal composition using the compound of the present invention has a much higher elastic constant ratio (K ₃₃ /K _U ) , steeper electro-optic characteristics and an extremely smaller dependence of the above constant ratio on a temperature particularly in a low temperature range.

Best Mode for Carrying out the Invention

A compound represented by the general formula (1)

of the present invention is useful as a component of a liquid crystal composition which can be utilized to manufacture liquid crystal display devices.

The definition of the compound represented by the general formula (1) is as given hereinbefore. Ri, R ₂ and the like of this compound represented by the general formula (1) can suitably be selected, whereby the liquid crystal compound or the liquid crystal composition having desired physical properties can be obtained. In order to obtain the liquid crystal composi¬ tion having the particularly high elastic constant ratio (K ₃₃ /K ₁₁ ) , Ri in the general formula (1) is preferably a 1, 3-alkadienyl group, a 1, 4-alkadienyl group, a 1,5- alkadienyl group, a 1, 6-alkadienyl group or a 3,7-alka- dienyl group, and R ₂ is preferably a 1-alkenyl group, a

2-alkenyl group or a 3-alkenyl group. Furthermore, R ₂ may be the alkadienyl group, but in this case, the preferable alkadienyl group is a 1, 3-alkadienyl group, a 1,4-alka- dienyl group, a 1, 5-alkadienyl group, a 1, 6-alkadienyl group or a 3, 7-alkadienyl group.

In order to obtain the liquid crystal composition having a low viscosity, rings Ai, A ₂ , A ₃ and A ₄ are each 1, 4-cyclohexylene, 1, 3-dioxane-2, 5-diyl or 1, 4-phenylene which may be substituted by a halogen atom. In the case that Ri or R ₂ is a 1-alkadienyl group or a 1-alkenyl group, the compound of the general formula

(1) in which the rings Ai, A ₂ , A ₃ and A ₄ are each 1,4- cyclohexylene, 1, 4-cyclohexenylene or 1, 3-dioxane-2, 5- diyl has a good chemical stability.

In order to obtain the liquid crystal composition having the low viscosity, Z _lr Z ₂ and Z ₃ are each prefera¬ bly a single bond, -CH ₂ CH ₂ -, -CH=CH-, - (CH ₂ ) ₂ -CH=CH-, -CH=CH-(CH ₂ ) ₂ -, -CF ₂ 0-, -OCF2- or -CF=CF- ₇ and more pref¬ erably a single bond, -CH=CH-, -CF ₂ 0-, -OCF ₂ - or -CF=CF-. Additionally, in order to obtain the liquid crystal composition having an optical anisotropy (Δn) , Zi, Z ₂ and Z ₃ are each preferably -CH=CH-, -C≡C-, -(CH ₂ ) ₂ -CH=CH-, -CH=CH-(CH ₂ ) ₂ -, -CR=CH-, -CH=CR- or -CF=CF-

The compound of the present invention can be particularly suitably used in a liquid crystal composi- tion for an STN, but it can also be suitably utilized in other applications. For example, the compound can be suitably used as a liquid crystal compound for twisted nematic (TN) type, guest-host mode (GH) type and polymer dispersion type liquid crystal display devices. In addition, the compound can also be suitably used as a liquid crystal compound for dynamic scattering mode type, active matrix (AM) type, ferroelectric type and anti- ferroelectric type liquid crystal display devices.

In the case that the compound represented by the general formula (1) is used to prepare the liquid crystal composition, the amount of the compound which is to be

contained in the composition is in the range of 0.1 to 99.9% by weight, preferably 1 to 50% by weight, more preferably 3 to 20% by weight. The thus prepared liquid composition has various excellent characteristics. The liquid crystal composition can be obtained by mixing a first component containing at least one of the compounds represented by the general formula (1) with at least one compound optionally selected from the group consisting of the compounds represented by the general formulae (2) to (9) in compliance with a purpose of the liquid crystal composition.

In the liquid crystal composition for use in the manufacture of an active matrix (AM) type display device using a thin film transistor (TFT) , a high reliability is required, and for example, a positive dielectric anisot¬ ropy (Δε) , an excellent heat stability and chemical stability, and a high voltage holding ratio (or a large specific resistance value) are required. In preparing the liquid crystal composition which can meet the above requirements, the compounds represented by the general formulae (2) to (4) are very suitable.

Among the compounds represented by the general formulae (2) to (4), examples of the preferable compounds include compounds (2-1) to (2-9), (3-1) to (3-69) and (4-1) to (4-24) .

ooo< (3-1)

^R3 -OOO ^Y ^ ^(M2)

^(3_24)

⁽³ - ⁴⁸⁾

(R ₃ and Y _λ are as defined above.)

The compounds represented by the general formulae (2) to (4) can each be used in the range of 1 to 99% by weight, preferably 10 to 97% by weight, more preferably 40 to 95% by weight, based on the total weight of the liquid crystal composition, in the case that the liquid crystal composition for the TFT is prepared.

Furthermore, the compound represented by any of the general formulae (7) to (9) may be contained in the composition in compliance with a purpose.

The compounds represented by the general formulae (2) to (4) are poorer in a function of decreasing a threshold voltage of the liquid crystal composition, as compared with the compounds represented by the general formulae (5) and (6) . Therefore, in the case that the liquid crystal composition for an STN display system or a TN display system is prepared, the threshold voltage of the liquid crystal composition inconveniently increases on occasion, if the compound of any of the general formu- lae (2) to (4) is contained in an amount of 50% by weight or more.

The compounds represented by the general formulae (5) and (6) have a positive and large dielectric anisot¬ ropy (Δε) , and so they can be used particularly for the purpose of decreasing the threshold voltage of the liquid crystal composition. Furthermore, these compounds can

also be used for the purpose of expanding a nematic range such as the regulation of the optical anisotropy (Δn) or the enhancement of a clearing point. When the compound represented by any of the general formulae (5) and (6) is used in the liquid crystal composition for the STN dis¬ play system or the TN display system, the steepness of its electro-optic characteristics can be improved.

Examples of the compounds which can be preferably used in the manufacture of the liquid crystal composition for the STN display system and the TN display system include compounds represented by the formulae (5-1) to (5-40) and (6-1) to (6-3) .

ro ro en o en en

t oo

(5-24)

(5-36)

=N /=

(6-1)

^R5→ C! X ^{F (6} - ³⁾

(R ₄ , R ₅ and Y ₂ are as defined above.)

If the content of the compound represented by any of the general formulae (5) and (6) in the liquid crystal composition increases, the threshold voltage of the liquid crystal composition decreases, and the viscosity increases. Therefore, the liquid crystal compound can be used in large quantities within the required viscosity range, whereby the threshold voltage can be lowered. In the case that the compound is used in the liquid crystal composition for the STN display system and the TN display system, the amount of the compound to be used is in the range of 0.1 to 99.9% by weight, preferably 10 to 97% by weight, more preferably 40 to 95% by weight.

The compounds represented by the general formulae (7) to (9) have small absolute values of the dielectric anisotropy (Δε) , and so they are substantially neutral compounds. The compounds represented by the general formula (7) can be mainly blended with the liquid crystal composition for the purpose of regulating the viscosity or the optical anisotropy (Δn) . Furthermore, the com- pounds represented by the general formulae (8) and (9) can be blended with the liquid crystal composition for the purpose of expanding the nematic range such as the enhancement of the clearing point or for the purpose of regulating the optical anisotropy (Δn) . Preferable examples of the compounds represented by the general formulae (7) to (9) include the compounds represented by

the formulae (7-1) to (7-11), (8-1) to (8-18) and (9-1) to (9-6) .

^R6 "C D" ^{R7 (7"1)}

^R6 - ^{~ ~R7 (7*5)}

SJ-\/- ^{Rι (7*8)}

^ ^^ ⁽⁷ - ¹¹⁾

^Rfi→ K 0 ^R7 (8-6)

(8-12)

^R6 - ^~ --^- - ^{R7 (£ 3)}

^R6 -O ^~& G ^& - ^{R7 (8} - ⁱ⁷⁾

^Re" -^- -^- - ^R7 (8-18)

R« _ (9-3)

^ >< > > ^R ₇ ^(9'4)

(Re and R ₇ are as defined above.)

If the amount of the compound represented by any of the general formulae (7) to (9) increases, the thresh¬ old voltage of the liquid crystal composition increases, and the viscosity decreases. Therefore, so long as the required value of the threshold voltage of the liquid crystal composition is satisfied, a large amount of the compound can be contained in the liquid crystal composi¬ tion. In the case that the liquid composition for the TFT is prepared, the amount of the compound to be used is preferably 40% by weight or less, more preferably 35% by weight or less. Furthermore, in the case that the liquid crystal composition for the STN display system or the TN display system is prepared, the amount of the compound to be used is preferably 70% by weight or less, more pref- erably 60% by weight or less.

Except for a particular case of the liquid crys¬ tal composition for an OCB (optically compensated bire¬ fringence) mode or the like, an optically active compound can usually be added to the liquid crystal composition in order for the liquid crystal composition to have a heli¬ cal structure, in order to obtain a necessary twist angle, or in order to prevent a reverse twist. For such a purpose, the conventional known optically active compound can be used. Preferable examples thereof include the optically active compounds represented by the formulae (Op-1) to (Op-8) .

C ₂ H ₅ -CH-CH ₂ 0- ^• CN (0 p - i ) CH,

In the present invention, the optically active compound is usually added to the liquid crystal composi¬ tion to regulate a pitch of the twist. The pitch of the twist is preferably in the range of 40 to 200 μm in the case of the liquid crystal compositions for the TFT and the TN, and preferably in the range of 6 to 20 μm in the case of the liquid crystal composition for the STN. Moreover, in the case of the liquid crystal composition for a bistable TN mode, it is preferable in the range of 1.5 to 4 μm. In addition, for the purpose of improving the dependence of the pitch on a temperature or for another purpose, two or more kinds of optically active compounds may be added.

The liquid crystal composition of the present invention can be prepared by a conventional method. In general, there can be employed a method which comprises mutually dissolving the above various components at a high temperature.

Furthermore, the liquid crystal composition of the present invention can be used as the liquid crystal composition for a guest-host (GH) mode by adding a di¬ chromatic dye thereto. Examples of the dichromatic dye include merocyanine dyes, styryl dyes, azo dyes, azome- thine dyes, azoxy dyes, quinophthalone dyes, anthraqui- none dyes and tetrazine dyes. Alternatively, there can also be used the liquid crystal composition for NCAP in

which micro-capsules of a nematic liquid crystal are used.

In addition, there can also be used the liquid crystal composition for a polymer dispersion type liquid crystal display (PDLCD) typified by a polymer network liquid display (PNLCD) in which a three-dimensional network polymer is formed in the liquid crystal. More¬ over, the liquid crystal compositions for an electrically controlled birefringence (ECB) mode and a dynamic scat¬ tering (DS) mode can also be used. The compound of the present invention represented by the general formula (1) can be synthesized by a usual chemical procedure for organic synthesis, for example, by suitably combining procedures described in magazines such as Organic Synthesis, Organic Reactions and Zikken Kagaku Koza.

The introduction of an alkadienyl group moiety can suitably be accomplished by the use of any of methods disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 286873/1993 and Japanese Patent Application No. 310039/1995.

More concretely, the compound having the alkadi¬ enyl group can be synthesized by the following reaction route.

1) m-CPBA (T-6)

1) PPh ₃ Br ₂ (T-7)

*)y _H _)^ ^CH '}^^

wherein Ai, A ₂ , A ₃ , A ₄ , p, q, Z _lf Z ₂ , Z ₃ and R ₂ are as defined above, and 1, m and n are each an integer.

An aldehyde (T-l) is prepared in accordance with any of methods described in Japanese Patent Publication Nos. 2653/1995 and 2654/1995, Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 286873/1993 and Japanese Patent Application No. 310039/1995. Next, the thus prepared aldehyde (T-l) is reacted with a ylide obtained from a phosphonium salt (T-5) of an alkenyl halide and a base (e.g., t-BuOK, NaH or the like) to form a cis-olefin (T-2) .

Afterward, the cis-olefin (T-2) is reacted with a peroxide (e.g., metachloroperbenzoic acid (T-6), BuOOH, aqueous hydrogen peroxide, performic acid or the like) to convert it into an epoxide (T-3) , and this epoxide (T-3) is then reacted with a brominating agent [e.g., dibromo- triphenylphospholane (t-7) ] to obtain an anti/anti- tetrabromide (T-4) . Next, a bromine removal reaction is reducibly carried out, whereby the compound (1) of the present invention can be prepared.

The alkenyl group can be suitably introduced by any of the procedures described in Japanese Patent Publi- cation Nos. 2653/1995 and 2654/1995, Japanese Patent

Application Laid-open No. 286873/1993 and Japanese Patent Application No. 310039/1995.

The synthesis can also be accomplished by the following reaction route.

1) H CH ₂ )-P ⁺ P ₃ Br- (T-9) ^n+1

2) base

wherein A _if A ₂ , A ₃ , A ₄ , p, q, Zi, Z ₂ , Z ₃ and Ri are as defined above, and 1, m and n are each an integer.

An aldehyde (T-8) is prepared in accordance with any of the methods described in Japanese Patent Publica¬ tion Nos. 2653/1995 and 2654/1995, Japanese Patent Appli¬ cation Laid-open No. 286873/1993 and Japanese Patent Application No. 310039/1995. Next, the thus prepared aldehyde (T-8) is reacted with a ylide obtained from a phosphonium salt (T-9) of an alkenyl halide and a base (e.g., t-BuOK, NaH or the like) to form a cis-olefin (T-10) . Afterward, the cis-olefin (T-10) is reacted with a peroxide (e.g., metachloroperbenzoic acid (T-6), BuOOH, aqueous hydrogen peroxide, performic acid or the like) to convert it into an epoxide (T-ll), and this epoxide (T-ll) is then reacted with a brominating agent (e.g., dibromotriphenylphospholane) to obtain an anti-dibromide (T-12) . Next, a bromine removal reaction is reducibly carried out, whereby the compound (1) of the present invention can be synthesized.

Next, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples. Example 1

4 '- (1, 5-hexadienyl)-4- (3-butenyl)bicyclohexane [a compound having the general formula (1) in which Rj is 1, 5-hexadienyl, R ₂ is 3-butenyl, p=q=0, ring A ₃ =ring A ₄ is 1, 4-cyclohexylene, and Z ₃ is a single bond] was prepared in accordance with the following synthetic scheme.

2) t-BuOK

(T-18)

1) DIBAL

^s ^ ^r - -^O^ ^{0 σ} - ²⁰⁾

1) PPh ₃ Br ₂

1)Zn

A mixture of 0.5 mol of a phosphonium salt (T-14), 0.52 mol of t-BuOK and 500 ml of THF was stirred at 0°C or less for 2 hours to obtain a reddish yellow solution.

While this solution was maintained at 0°C or less, 300 ml of a THF solution containing 0.5 mol of a cyclohexanone derivative (T-13) was added dropwise, followed by stir¬ ring at room temperature for 1 hour. After the solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, 1 £ of heptane was added, and the precipitated crystals were removed by

filtration. The solvent was removed from the resulting filtrate, and the residue was then purified by a column chromatography (toluene) to obtain 0.41 mol of a compound represented by (T-15) . A mixture of 0.4 mol of the compound (T-15) obtained by the above operation, 200 ml of ethanol, 500 ml of toluene and 5% of palladium carbon was stirred under a hydrogen atmosphere for 17 hours, and the cata¬ lyst was then removed by filtration. The resulting filtrate was concentrated to obtain a residue. This residue was recrystallized from hexane to obtain 0.21 mol of a compound represented by (T-16) .

A mixture of 0.2 mol of the compound (T-16) obtained by the above operation, 20 ml of formic acid and 100 ml of toluene was refluxed for 1 hour, and then cooled to room temperature. After the reaction mixture was sufficiently washed with water, the organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. Next, the sol¬ vent was removed under reduced pressure from the dried organic layer, and the resulting residue was then puri¬ fied by a column chromatography (toluene) to obtain 0.17 mol of an aldehyde (T-17) .

A mixture of 0.17 mol of a phosphonium salt (T-18), 0.18 mol of t-BuOK and 200 ml of THF was stirred for 1 hour, and 100 ml of a THF solution containing 0.15 mol of an aldehyde (T-17) was added dropwise at 10°C or

less, followed by stirring at room temperature for 2 hours . After the solvent was removed under reduced pressure from the resulting reaction mixture, 500 ml of heptane was added, and the precipitated crystals were then removed by filtration. Next, the solvent was re¬ moved from the filtrate, and the resulting residue was then purified by a column chromatography (toluene/hep¬ tane) to obtain 0.12 mol of an ester (T-19) .

A mixture of 0.12 mol of the ester (T-19) and 200 ml of toluene was cooled to -60°C or less, and after diisobutylaluminum hydride (toluene solution, correspond¬ ing to 0.13 mol) was added dropwise with stirring, 50 ml of methanol was added. Next, the solution was slowly returned to room temperature, and then poured into 200 ml of 3M hydrochloric acid. Insolubles in this solution were removed therefrom by filtration (using Celite) , and the resulting organic layer was sufficiently washed with water, and then dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent in the dried organic layer was removed there- from under reduced pressure, and the resulting residue was then purified by a column chromatography (toluene) to obtain 0.10 mol of an aldehyde (T-20) .

A mixture of 100 mmol of a phosphonium salt (T-21), 110 mmol of t-BuOK and 90 ml of THF was stirred for 1 hour, and 40 ml of a THF solution containing 100 mmol of an aldehyde (T-20) was then added dropwise at 0°C

or less, followed by stirring at room temperature for 2 hours . After the solvent was removed under reduced pressure, 300 ml of heptane was added, and the precipi¬ tated crystals were then removed by filtration. Next, the solvent was removed from the filtrate, and the re¬ sulting residue was then purified by a column chromatog¬ raphy (heptane) to obtain 96 mmol of a compound (T-22) .

A mixture of 90 mmol of the compound (T-22) obtained by the above operation, 150 ml of methylene chloride, 0.6 mol of potassium carbonate and 99 mmol of metachloroperbenzoic acid was stirred at room temperature overnight. Afterward, 200 ml of water was added, fol¬ lowed by sufficient stirring. The separated organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and the solvent in the organic layer was removed therefrom to obtain 88 mmol of a crude compound (T-23) .

A mixture of 88 mmol of the compound (T-23) obtained by the above operation, 180 ml of dibromotri- phenylphospholane and 170 ml of toluene was stirred for 3 hours and then cooled to room temperature, and 300 ml of water was added thereto, followed by sufficient stirring. The separated organic layer was sufficiently washed with an aqueous saturated sodium hydrogencarbonate solution and water in turn, and then dried over anhydrous magne- sium sulfate. Afterward, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure, and the resulting residue was purified

by a column chromatography (toluene/hexane) , and further recrystallized 4 times from a mixed solvent of benzene and ethanol to obtain 29 mmol of a dibromide (T-24) .

A mixture of 25 mmol of the dibromide (T-24), 70 ml of acetic acid and 100 mmol of zinc was stirred at room temperature overnight, and 200 ml of water and 150 ml of heptane were added, followed by sufficient stirring. The separated organic layer was sufficiently washed with an aqueous saturated sodium hydrogencarbonate solution and water, and then dried over anhydrous magnesium sul¬ fate. Afterward, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure, and the resulting residue was purified by a column chromatography (heptane) , and further recrystal¬ lized from a mixed solvent of benzene and ethanol to obtain 16 mmol of the desired compound. A structure of the obtained compound was well supported by spectrum data. Example 2

A liquid crystal composition Bl was prepared which was constituted of 24% by weight of 4- (4-propylcyclohexyl)benzonitrile, 36% by weight of 4- (4-pentylcyclohexyl)benzonitrile, 25% by weight of 4- (4-heptylcyclohexyl)benzonitrile, 15% by weight of 4 '- (4-pentylcyclohexyl) -4-cyanobiphenyl. A clearing point (an NI point), a dielectric anisotropy (Δε) , an optical anisotropy (Δn) and a viscos¬ ity (η) of the composition Bl were 71.7°C, 11.0, 0.137 and

27.3 mPa-s, respectively. In this connection, the vis¬ cosity (η) was measured at 20°C, and the optical anisot¬ ropy (Δn) and the dielectric anisotropy (Δε) were measured at 25°C. 85% by weight of Bl was mixed with 15% by weight of 4 '- (1, 5-hexadienyl) -4- (3-butenyl)bicyclohexane [a compound having the general formula (1) in which Ri is 1, 5-hexadienyl, R ₂ is 3-butenyl, p=q=0, ring A ₃ =ring A ₄ is 1, -cyclohexylene, and Z ₃ is a single bond] prepared in Example 1 to obtain a liquid crystal composition Al . A dielectric anisotropy (Δε) , an optical anisotropy (Δn) and a viscosity (η) of the composition Al were 9.6, 0.124 and 19.2 mPa»s, respectively. In this connection, the vis¬ cosity (η) was measured at 20°C, and the optical anisot- ropy (Δn) and the dielectric anisotropy (Δε) were measured at 25°C.

Example 3

Compounds shown in Tables 1 to 10 were prepared in accordance with the procedure of Example 1. With regard to a part of these prepared compounds, 15% by weight of each of the prepared compounds regarding the present invention was mixed with 85% by weight of the compound Bl formed by the same procedure as in Example 2 to prepare a liquid crystal composition. In addition, a dielectric anisotropy (Δε) , an optical anisotropy (Δn) and a viscosity (η) of each of the liquid crystal composi-

tions are shown in tables. In this connection, the viscosity (η) was measured at 20°C, and the optical anisotropy (Δn) and the dielectric anisotropy (Δε) were measured at 25°C.

Of the compounds represented by the general formula (1), the compounds of p=q=0 are shown in Tables 1, 2 and 3.

Table 1

1

. S25N60.01

O — ~ _r -^ _fr - - _{N //} Δε=9.5 ^, Δn=0.126 /T\JΓ ^J 77 = 20. OmPas

C-38.6S73.7N83.61 6

Table 2

^"" ^ ^" " ^{" ~} \_

O ^CH 2CH ₂ O f r C42.5N65.21

O CH=CH O Γ J- -

O CH=CH O _{r J} r-

O ^C H=CH Q ^- ^ - -^_

Table 3

O CF=CF O

Of the compounds represented by the general formula (1), the compounds of p=0 and q=l are shown in Tables 4, 5 and 6.

LO m o

CN CM

Table 5

/ΓXIΓ ~ _

CH=CH Q) o

Table 6

Of the compounds represented by the general formula (1), the compounds of p=l and q=l are shown in Tables 7, 8, 9 and 10.

Table 8

<S> ^z ι <S> z ₂ <g) z ₃ <S) _Rl n ₂

Next, the liquid crystal compositions prepared by the use of the compounds represented by the general formula (1) of the present invention will be described in Examples 4 to 29. However, the compounds used in the following examples are represented by the use of symbols which are defined in Table 11. Furthermore, in the following partial structural formula

for example, in the case that the hydrogen atoms of trans-1,4-cyclohexylene are substituted by deuterium at positions Qi, Q ₂ and Q3, it is represented by a symbol H[1D,2D, 3D], or in the case that they are substituted by deuterium at positions Q ₅ , Q ₆ and Q ₇ , it is represented by a symbol H[5D,6D,7D] . Thus, the substitution positions of deuterium are shown by the numbers in the brackets [] . Incidentally, a viscosity η was measured at 20°C, and a refractive index anisotropy value Δn, a dielectric anisotropy value Δε, a threshold voltage Vth and a twist pitch length P were measured at 25°C, respectively. In addition, % is based on weight.

Table 11

Representation of Compounds by Use of Symbols R-(Aι)-Z_- -Z _n -(A _n )-X

2) Ring Structure 4) Right Terminal

-(A _x )-, -(A _n )- Symbol Group -X Symbol

- H

-<o - Py

D

O- Ch

Table 11 (continued )

10. 0%

12. 0%

1 V2-HB-C

3-HB-C

3-H [1 D, 2D, 3D] H-C

3-HB (F) -C

2-BTB- 1

3-HH-4

3-HH-VFF

2-H [ID, 2D, 3D] HB-C

3-HHB-C

3-HB (F) TB-2

3-H2BTB-2

3-H2BTB-3

3-H2 BTB-4

V2V-HHB-2V 8. 0%

201 -BEB (F) -C 5 0% 301 -BEB (F) -C 15 0% 401 -BEB (F) -C 13 0% 501 -BEB (F) -C 13 0% 2-HHB (F) -C 15. 0% 3-HHB (F) -C 15. 0% 3-HB (F) TB-2 4 0% 3-HB (F) TB-3 4 0% 3-HB (F) TB-4 4 0% 3-HHB-O 1 4, 0%

Example 7

V2V-HHB-2V 8. 0%

5-PyB-F

3-Py B (F) -F 2-BB-C 4-BB-C 5-BB-C 2-P y B- 2

3-Py B-2 4-Py B-2 6-P y B-05 6-Py B-06 6 -P y B-O 7

6-Py B-08 3-P y BB-F 4-PyBB-F 5-Py BB-F 3-HHB-l

2-H2BTB-2 2-H2BTB-3 2-H2BTB-4 3-H2BTB-2 3-H2BTB-3

3-H2BTB-4

Example 8

V2V-HH-V2F

V2V-HH-V2V

3-DB-C 4-DB-C 2-BEB-C

3-BEB-C 3-Py B (F) -F 4-HEB-02 5-HEB-O 1 3-HEB-02

5-HEB-02 5-HEB-5 4-HEB-5 1 O-BEB-2 3-HHB- l

3-HHEBB-C 3-HBEBB-C 5-HBEBB-C

Example 9

V2V-HH-2V 5. 0%

3-HB-C 7-HB-C

1 O 1 -HB-C 3-HB (F) -C 2-PyB-2 3-Py B-2 4-P yB-2

1 O 1 -HH-3 2-BTB-Ol 3-HHB- 1 3-HHB-F 3-HHB-Ol

3-HHB-3 3-H2BTB-2 3-H2BTB-3 2-Py BH-3 3-PyBH-3

3-PyBB-2 3. 0%

τ?= 1 7. O (mP a - s) Δn= 0. 142

Δ _ = 8. 1 V t h= 1. 75 (V)

Example 10

VV-HH-V V2V-HHB- 2 V

201 -BEB (F) -C 301 -BEB (F) -C

501 -BEB (F) -C

1 V2-BEB (F, F) -C

3-HH-EMe

3-HB-02 7-HEB-F

3-HHEB-F

5-HHEB-F

3-HBEB-F

201 -HBEB (F) -C 3-HB (F) EB (F) -C

3-HBEB (F, F) -C

3-HHB-F

3-HHB-O 1

3-HHB-3 3-HEBEB-F

3-HEBEB- 1

Example 11

V2V-HH-V 8. 0%

V2 V-HH-2 V V2 V-HHB-2 V

5-BEB (F) -

V-HB-C

5-Py B-C

4-BB-3

5-HH-V

V-HHB- 1

V2-HHB- 1

3-HHB- 1

1 V2-HBB-2

3-HHEBH-3

Example 12

V2 V-HHB-2 V

201 -BEB (F) -C

301 -BEB (F) -C

501 -BEB (F) -C

1 V2-BEB (F, F) -C

3-HB-02

3-HH-4

3-HHB-F

3 -HHB-O 1

3-HBEB-F

3-HHEB-F

5-HHEB-F

3-H2BTB-2

3-H2BTB-3

3-H2BTB-4

3-HB (F) TB-2

- 72 -

Example 13

V2 V-HH-V

V2 V-HHB-2 V

2-BEB-C 3-BEB-C 4-BEB-C 3-HB-C 3-HEB-04

4-HEB-02 5-HEB-O 1 3-HEB-02 5-HEB-02 3-HHB-l

3-HHB-O 1

Example 14

V2V-HH-V2F

V2 V-HHB-2 V

2-BEB-C 5-BB-C 7-BB-C

1 -BTB-3 2-BTB- 1 1 O-BEB-2 1 O-BEB-5 2-HHB-l

3-HHB-F 3-HHB- 1 3-HHB-O 1

Example 15

V2V-HH- 2 V V2 V-HHB-2 V

1 V2-BEB (F, F) -C 3-HB-C V2 V-HB-C V2V-HH- 3 3-HB-02

3-HHB- 1 3-HB (F) TB-2 3-HB (F) TB-3 3-H2BTB-2 3-H2BTB-3

3-H2 BTB-4

Example 16

V2V-HH-V

V2 V-HHB-2 V V2 V-HHB- 1 V

5-BTB (F) TB-3 V2-HB-TC

3-HB-TC

3-HB-C

5-HB-C

5-BB-C 2-BTB- 1

2-BTB-O 1

3-HH-4

3-HHB- 1

3-H2BTB-2 3-H2BTB-3

3-HB (F) TB-2 3. 0%

Example 17

VV-HH-V

V 1 V-HH-V V2 V-HH-V V2 V-HH-V2 F V2 V-HHB-2 V V2V-HHH-V

V2V-HBB- 1 V

1 V2-BEB (F, F) -C 3-HB-C 2 -BTB- 1

5-HH-VFF 1 -BHH- 2 VFF 3-H2 BTB-2 3-H2BTB-3 3-HHB- l

Example 18

V2 V-HHB- 1 V V2V-HVHB-2V

V2V-HBB- 1 V

2-HB-C

3-HB-C 3-HB-02

2-BTB- 1

3-HHB- 1

3-HHB-F

3-HHB-O 1 3-HHEB-F

5-HHEB-F 4. 0%

2-HHB (F) -F 7. 0%

3-HHB (F) -F 7. 0%

5-HHB (F) -F 7. 0%

3-HHB (F, F) -F 5. 0%

Example 19

V2 V-HH-2 V

V 2 V-HHB- 2 V 7. 0%

7-HB (F) -F

5-H2B (F) -F

3-HB-02

3-HH-4

3-HH [5D, 6D, 7 D]

2-HHB (F) -F

V2 V-HBB- 1 V 7. 0%

7-HB (F, F) -F

3-HB-02

2-HHB (F) -F

3-HHB (F) -F 5-HHB (F) -F

2-HBB (F) -F

3-HBB (F) -F

5-HBB (F) -F

2-HBB-F 3-HBB (F, F) -F

5-HBB (F, F) -F

Example 22

V 2 V-HH-V 5. 0%

V2V-HH-2V 5. 0%

7-HB (F, F) -F 3. 0%

3-H2HB (F, F) -F 12. 0% 4-H2HB (F, F) -F 10. 0%

5-H2HB (F, F) -F 3-HHB (F, F) -F 4-HHB (F, F) -F 3-HH2B (F, F) -F 3-HBB (F, F) -F

5-HBB (F, F) -F 3-HBCF 20B (F, F) -F

Example 23

V2 V-HH-2 V V2 V-HHB- 1 V

7-HB (F, F) -F 3-H2HB (F, F) -F

3-HHB (F, F) -F 4-HHB (F, F) -F 3-HBB (F, F) -F 3-HHEB (F, F) -F 4-HHEB (F, F) -F

5-HHEB (F, F) -F 2-HBEB (F, F) -F 3-HBEB (F, F) -F 5-HBEB (F, F) -F 3-HDB (F, F) -F

3-HHBB (F, F) -F

Example 24

V2V-HH-V

V2 V-HBB- 1 V

3-HB-CL

5-HB-CL 7-HB-CL

1 O 1 -HH-5 2-HBB (F) -F 3-HBB (F) -F 5-HBB (F) -F 4-HHB-CL

5-HHB-CL 3-H2HB (F) -CL 3-HBB (F, F) -F 5-H2 BB (F, F) -F 3-HB (F) VB-2

Example 25

V2 V-HH-V V2V-HHB-2V

3-HHB (F, F) -F

3-H2HB (F, F) -F

4-H2HB (F, F) -F 5-H2HB (F, F) -F

3-HBB (F, F) -F

5-HBB (F, F) -F

3-H2 BB (F, F) -F

5-HHBB (F, F) -F 5-HHEBB-F

3-HH2BB (F, F) -F

1 O 1 -HBBH-4

Example 26

7. 0% 5. 0%

12. 0 % 2. 0%

7-HB-F 2-HHB-OCF 3 3-HHB-OCF 3 4-HHB-OCF 3 3-HH2B-OCF 3 5-HH2 B-OCF 3 3-HHB (F, F) -OCF 3 3-HBB (F) -F 5-HBB (F) -F 3-HH2B (F) -F 3-HB (F) BH-3 5-HBBH-3 3-HHB (F, F) -OCF 2H

Example 27

V2V-HH- 2 V

5-H4HB (F, F) -F 5-H4HB-OCF 3 3-H4HB (F, F) -CF 3 5-H4HB (F, F) -CF 3 3-HB-CL 5-HB-CL 2-H2 BB (F) -F 3-H2BB (F) -F 5-HVHB (F, F) -F 3-HHB-OCF 3 3-H2HB-OCF 3 V-HHB (F) -F 3-HHB (F) -F 5-HHEB-OCF3 3-HBEB (F, F) -F 5-HH-V2 F

s)

2-HHB (F) -F 3-HHB (F) -F 5-HHB (F) -F 2-HBB (F) -F

3-HBB (F) -F 5-HBB (F) -F 2-H2BB (F) -F 3-H2BB (F) -F 3-HBB (F, F) -F

5-HBB (F, F) -F 1 O 1 -HBBH-5

Example 29

V2 V-HH-V V2 V-HHB-2 V

5-HB-CL 3-HH-4

3-HB-02 3-H2HB (F, F) -F 3-HHB (F, F) -F 3-HBB (F, F) -F 2-HHB (F) -F

3-HHB (F) -F 5-HHB (F) -F 2-H2HB (F) -F 3-H2HB (F) -F 5-H2HB (F) -F

3-HHBB (F, F) -F 3-HBCF20B-OCF3 5-HBCF20B (F, F) -CF3 3-HHB- 1 3-HHB-Ol

Example 30

V2 V-HH-V V2V-HH-2V

V2 V-HVH-V

1 V2-BEB (F, F) -C 3-HB-C 3-HHB- l

3-H2BTB-2

3-HHEB-F

5-HHEB-F

Δn= 0. 096 Δ ε = 5. 5

V t h= 1. 95 (V)

Example 31

V2 V-HH-V 10. 0 % V2 V-HH-2 V 10. 0 %

201 -BEB (F) -C 5. 0%

12 -

301 -BEB (F) -C 401 -BEB (F) -C 2-HHB (F) -C 3-HHB (F) -C 3-HB (F) TB-2 3-HB (F) TB-3 3-HB (F) TB-4 3-HHB- 1 3-HHB-O 1

?7 = 72. 8 (mP a ^• s) Δn= 0. 138 Δ ε = 26. 4 V t h= 0. 95 (V)

Example 32

V2V-HVH-V 8. 0%

5-PyB-F

3-Py B (F) -F

2-BB-C

4-BB-C 5-BB-C

2-Py B-2

3-Py B-2

4-P y B-2

6-P y B-05 6 -P y B-06

6-Py B-07

6-Py B-08

3-P y BB-F

4-PyBB-F 5-PyBB-F

3-HHB- 1 2-H2BTB-2 2-H2 BTB-3 2-H2BTB-4 3-H2BTB-2

3-H2 BTB- 3 3-H2 BTB-4

η = 32. 3 (mP a • s)

Δn= 0. 198

Δ ε = 6. 4

V t h= 2. 18 (V)

Example 33

V2 V-HH-V V2 V-HVH-V

201 -BEB (F) -C

301 -BEB (F) -C 501 -BEB (F) -C 1 V2-BEB (F, F) -C 3-HH-EMe 3-HB-02

7-HEB-F 3-HHEB-F 5-HHEB-F 3-HBEB-F 201 -HBEB (F) -C

3-HB (F) EB (F) -C 3-HBEB (F, F) -C 3-HHB-F 3-HHB-Ol 3-HHB-3

3-HEBEB-F 2. 0% 3-HEBEB- 1 2. 0%

V2V-HH-V 8. 0%

201 -BEB (F) C 301 -BEB (F) C 501 -BEB (F) C 1 V2-BEB (F, F) C 3-HB-02 3-HH-4 3-HHB-F 3-HHB- 1 3-HHB-O 1 3-HBEB-F 3-HHEB-F 5-HHEB-F 3-H2BTB- 2 3-H2BTB-3 3-HB (F) TB-

s)

Example 35

V2 V-HH-2 V V2 V-HVH-V

2-BEB-C 3-BEB-C 4-BEB-C 3-HB-C 3-HEB-04

4-HEB-02 5-HEB-O 1 3-HEB-02 5-HEB-02 3-HHB-l

3-HHB-O 1

s)

lO-BEB-5 12. 0%

3-HHB-F 4. 0%

3-HHB-l 7. 0%

3-HHB-Ol 4. 0% 3 -HHB- 3 13. 0%

7] = 15. 3 (mP a • s ) Δn= 0. 149 Δ . = 5. 3

V t h= 2. 11 (V)

Example 37

V2 V-HH-V 12. 0%

2-HB-C 3-HB-C 3-HB-02 2-BTB- 1 3-HHB- 1 3-HHB-F 3-HHB-O 1 3-HHB-3 3-HHEB-F 5-HHEB-F 2-HHB (F) -F 3-HHB (F) -F 3-HHB (F, F) -F

η = 13. 4 (mPa s) Δn= 0. 097 Δ ε = 4. 3 V t h= 2. 63 (V)

Example 38

V2 V-HVH-V

3-BEB (F) -C 3-HB-C V-HB-C 1 V-HB-C 3-HB-02 3-HH-2 V 3-HH-2V 1 V2-HHB- 1 3-HHB- 1 3-HHEB-F 3-H2BTB- 2 3-H2BTB- 3

7-HB (F, F) -F 3-HB-02

2-HHB (F) -F

3-HHB (F) -F

5-HHB (F) -F

2-HBB (F) -F 3-HBB (F) -F

5-HBB (F) -F 2-HBB-F 3-HBB-F 5-HBB-F 3-HBB (F, F) -F 5-HBB (F, F) -F

s)

3-HHB (F, F) -F 3-H2HB (F, F) -F

4-H2HB (F, F) -F 5-H2HB (F, F) -F 3-HBB (F, F) -F 5-HBB (F, F) -F 3-H2BB (F, F) -F

5-HHBB (F, F) -F 5-HHEBB-F 3-HH2BB (F, F) -F 1 O 1 -HBBH-4 1 O 1 -HBBH- 5

77 = 26. l (mPa - s) Δn= 0. 108 Δ ε = 7. 4

19 -

V t h= 1. 88 (V)

Example 41

V2 V-HH-2 V V2 V-HVH-V

5-HB-F 6-HB-F 7-HB-F 2-HHB-OCF 3 3-HHB-OCF 3 4-HHB-OCF 3 5-HHB-OCF 3 3-HH2B-OCF 3 5-HH2B-OCF3 3-HHB (F, F) -OCF3 3-HBB (F) -F 5-HBB (F) -F 3-HH2B (F) -F 3-HB (F) BH-3 5-HBBH-3 3-HHB (F, F) -OCF 2H

s)

V2V-HH-V 6. 0%

3-H2HB (F, F) -F 7. 0%

5-H2HB (F, F) -F 3-HHB (F, F) -F 4-HHB (F, F) -F 3-HH2B (F, F) -F 5-HH2B (F, F) -F 3-HBB (F, F) -F 5-HBB (F, F) -F 3-HBEB (F, F) -F 4-HBEB (F, F) -F 5-HBEB (F, F) -F 3-HHEB (F, F) -F 4-HHEB (F, F) -F 5-HHEB (F, F) -F