ALLERSON CHARLES (US)
WO2020064749A1 | 2020-04-02 |
US20210123048A1 | 2021-04-29 |
What is claimed: 1. A compound comprising an antisense strand and a sense strand hybridized to form a double-stranded nucleic acid, wherein each of the antisense strand and sense strands is 15 to 25 nucleotides in length, the nucleotide sequence of the antisense strand is at least 90% complementary to the human peripheral myelin protein 22 mRNA (SEQ ID NO: 1170), and the nucleotide sequence of the sense strand has no more than two mismatches to the nucleotide sequence of the antisense strand in the double-stranded region. 2. The compound of claim 1, wherein each of the antisense strand and sense strands is 15 to 25 nucleotides in length, the nucleotide sequence of the antisense strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides of any one of SEQ ID NOs 491, 492, 493, 494, 495, 497, 498, 503, 504, 506, 510, 511, 514, 515, 516, 518, 524, 526, 529, 531, 532, 533, 534, 535, 536, 538, 539, 540, 541, 542, 543, 545, 546, 547, 548, 550, 553, 554, 556, 558, 559, 560, 561, 563, 567, 569, 575, 576, 579, 580, 581, 582, 583, 585, 590, 591, 595, 597, 600, 605, 609, 610, 618, 622, 623, 628, 630, 631, 633, 635, 637, 639, 641, 642, 643, 644, 645, 1112, 1113, 1114, 1115, 1116, 1117, 1118, 1119, 1120, 1122, 1124, 1125, 1126, 1127, 1128, 1129, 1130, 1131, 1132, 1133, 1134, 1135, 1136, 1137, 1138, 1139, 1140, 1141, 1142, 1143, 1144, 1145, 1146, 1147, 1148, 1149, 1150, 1151, 1152, 1153, 1154, 1155, 1156, 1157, 1158, 1159, 1160, 1161, 1162, 1163, 1164, 1165, 1166, 1167, 1168, 1169, 1118, 1121, 1123, 1126, and 1144, and the nucleotide sequence of the sense strand has no more than two mismatches to the nucleotide sequence of the antisense strand. 3. The compound of claim 2, wherein the nucleotide sequence of the antisense strand comprises at least 16, at least 17, at least 18, at least 19, at least 20, at least 21, at least 22, or 23 contiguous nucleotides selected from any one of SEQ ID NOs 491, 492, 493, 494, 495, 497, 498, 503, 504, 506, 510, 511, 514, 515, 516, 518, 524, 526, 529, 531, 532, 533, 534, 535, 536, 538, 539, 540, 541, 542, 543, 545, 546, 547, 548, 550, 553, 554, 556, 558, 559, 560, 561, 563, 567, 569, 575, 576, 579, 580, 581, 582, 583, 585, 590, 591, 595, 597, 600, 605, 609, 610, 618, 622, 623, 628, 630, 631, 633, 635, 637, 639, 641, 642, 643, 644, 645, 1112, 1113, 1114, 1115, 1116, 1117, 1118, 1119, 1120, 1122, 1124, 1125, 1126, 1127, 1128, 1129, 1130, 1131, 1132, 1133, 1134, 1135, 1136, 1137, 1138, 1139, 1140, 1141, 1142, 1143, 1144, 1145, 1146, 1147, 1148, 1149, 1150, 1151, 1152, 1153, 1154, 1155, 1156, 1157, 1158, 1159, 1160, 1161, 1162, 1163, 1164, 1165, 1166, 1167, 1168, 1169, 1118, 1121, 1123, 1126, and 1144. 4. The compound of claim 3, wherein the nucleotide sequence of the antisense strand comprises 19 contiguous nucleotides of a nucleotide sequence selected from any one of SEQ ID NOs 491, 492, 493, 494, 495, 497, 498, 503, 504, 506, 510, 511, 514, 515, 516, 518, 524, 526, 529, 531, 532, 533, 534, 535, 536, 538, 539, 540, 541, 542, 543, 545, 546, 547, 548, 550, 553, 554, 556, 558, 559, 560, 561, 563, 567, 569, 575, 576, 579, 580, 581, 582, 583, 585, 590, 591, 595, 597, 600, 605, 609, 610, 618, 622, 623, 628, 630, 631, 633, 635, 637, 639, 641, 642, 643, 644, 645, 1112, 1113, 1114, 1115, 1116, 1117, 1118, 1119, 1120, 1122, 1124, 1125, 1126, 1127, 1128, 1129, 1130, 1131, 1132, 1133, 1134, 1135, 1136, 1137, 1138, 1139, 1140, 1141, 1142, 1143, 1144, 1145, 1146, 1147, 1148, 1149, 1150, 1151, 1152, 1153, 1154, 1155, 1156, 1157, 1158, 1159, 1160, 1161, 1162, 1163, 1164, 1165, 1166, 1167, 1168, 1169, 1118, 1121, 1123, 1126, and 1144. 5. The compound of claim 1, wherein the antisense strand is 17 to 23 nucleotides in length. 6. The compound of claim 1, wherein the antisense strand is 19 to 21 nucleotides in length. 7. The compound of claim 1, wherein the antisense strand is 21 to 23 nucleotides in length. 8. The compound of claim 1, wherein the antisense strand is 19 nucleotides in length. 9. The compound of claim 1, wherein the antisense strand is 20 nucleotides in length. 10. The compound of claim 1, wherein the antisense strand is 21 nucleotides in length. 11. The compound of claim 1, wherein the antisense strand is 22 nucleotides in length. 12. The compound of claim 1, wherein the antisense strand is 23 nucleotides in length. 13. The compound of claim 1, wherein the nucleotide sequence of the antisense strand is at least 95% complementary to SEQ ID NO: 1. 14. The compound of claim 1, wherein the nucleotide sequence of the antisense strand is 100% complementary to SEQ ID NO: 1. 15. The compound of claim 1, wherein the sense strand is 17 to 23 nucleotides in length. 16. The compound of claim 1, wherein the sense strand is 19 to 21 nucleotides in length. 17. The compound of claim 1, wherein the sense strand is 21 to 23 nucleotides in length. 18. The compound of claim 1, wherein the sense strand is 19 nucleotides in length. 19. The compound of claim 1, wherein the sense strand is 20 nucleotides in length. 20. The compound of claim 1, wherein the sense strand is 21 nucleotides in length. 21. The compound of claim 1, wherein the sense strand is 22 nucleotides in length. 22. The compound of claim 1, wherein the sense strand is 23 nucleotides in length. 23. The compound of claim 1, wherein the double-stranded region is 15 to 25 nucleotide pairs in length. 24. The compound of claim 1, wherein the double-stranded region is 17 to 23 nucleotide pairs in length. 25. The compound of claim 1, wherein the double-stranded region is 19 to 21 nucleotide pairs in length. 26. The compound of claim 1, wherein the double-stranded region is 19 nucleotide pairs in length. 27. The compound of claim 1, wherein the double-stranded region is 20 nucleotide pairs in length. 28. The compound of claim 1, wherein the double-stranded region is 21 nucleotide pairs in length. 29. The compound of claim 1, wherein the nucleotide sequence of the sense strand has no more than one mismatch to the nucleotide sequence of the antisense strand in the double-stranded region. 30. The compound of claim 1, wherein the nucleotide sequence of the sense strand has no mismatches to the nucleotide sequence of the antisense strand in the double-stranded region. 31. The compound of claim 4, wherein the antisense strand is 21 nucleotides in length and the nucleotide sequence of the antisense strand is identical to a nucleotide sequence selected from any one of SEQ ID NOs 491, 492, 493, 494, 495, 497, 498, 503, 504, 506, 510, 511, 514, 515, 516, 518, 524, 526, 529, 531, 532, 533, 534, 535, 536, 538, 539, 540, 541, 542, 543, 545, 546, 547, 548, 550, 553, 554, 556, 558, 559, 560, 561, 563, 567, 569, 575, 576, 579, 580, 581, 582, 583, 585, 590, 591, 595, 597, 600, 605, 609, 610, 618, 622, 623, 628, 630, 631, 633, 635, 637, 639, 641, 642, 643, 644, and 645. 32. The compound of claim 4, wherein the antisense strand is 23 nucleotides in length and the nucleotide sequence of the antisense strand is identical to a nucleotide sequence selected from any one of SEQ ID NOs 1112, 1113, 1114, 1115, 1116, 1117, 1118, 1119, 1120, 1122, 1124, 1125, 1126, 1127, 1128, 1129, 1130, 1131, 1132, 1133, 1134, 1135, 1136, 1137, 1138, 1139, 1140, 1141, 1142, 1143, 1144, 1145, 1146, 1147, 1148, 1149, 1150, 1151, 1152, 1153, 1154, 1155, 1156, 1157, 1158, 1159, 1160, 1161, 1162, 1163, 1164, 1165, 1166, 1167, 1168, 1169, 1118, 1126, and 1144. 33. The compound of claim 1, wherein the antisense strand and the sense strand are not covalently linked. 34. The compound of claim 1, wherein the hybridization of the antisense strand to the sense strand forms at least one blunt end. 35. The compound of claim 34, wherein the hybridization of the antisense strand to the sense strand forms a blunt end at each terminus of the compound. 36. The compound of claim 1, wherein at least one strand comprises a 3’ nucleotide overhang of one to five nucleotides. 37. The compound of claim 36, wherein the sense strand comprises the 3’ nucleotide overhang. 38. The compound of claim 36, wherein the antisense strand comprises the 3’ nucleotide overhang. 39. The compound of claim 36, wherein each of the sense strand and the antisense strand comprises a 3’ nucleotide overhang of one to five nucleotides. 40. The compound of claim 38, wherein each nucleotide of the 3’ nucleotide overhang of the antisense strand is complementary to SEQ ID NO: 1. 41. The compound of claim 38, wherein each nucleotide of the 3’ nucleotide overhang of the antisense strand is not complementary to SEQ ID NO: 1. 42. The compound of claim 36, wherein each nucleotide of the 3’ nucleotide overhang is a deoxythymidine. 43. The compound of claim 36, wherein the 3’ nucleotide overhang is two nucleotides in length. 44. The compound of claim 1, wherein the double-stranded nucleic acid comprises an antisense strand and sense strand of any of the following pairs of SEQ ID NOs: 1018 and 1144; SEQ ID NOs: 1018 and 1144; SEQ ID NOs: 993 and 1164; SEQ ID NOs: 1108 and 1156; SEQ ID NOs: 1051 and 1158; SEQ ID NOs: 1069 and 1168; SEQ ID NOs: 993 and 1164; SEQ ID NOs: 1108 and 1156; SEQ ID NOs: 1047 and 1160; SEQ ID NOs: 1111 and 1161; SEQ ID NOs: 1066 and 1136; SEQ ID NOs: 1110 and 1122; SEQ ID NOs: 986 and 1142; SEQ ID NOs: 1047 and 1160; SEQ ID NOs: 1111 and 1161; SEQ ID NOs: 1066 and 1136; SEQ ID NOs: 1110 and 1122; SEQ ID NOs: 986 and 1142; SEQ ID NOs: 1018 and 1144; SEQ ID NOs: 1018 and 1144; SEQ ID NOs: 1018 and 1144; SEQ ID NOs: 1018 and 1144; SEQ ID NOs: 1018 and 1144; SEQ ID NOs: 1018 and 1144; SEQ ID NOs: 1018 and 1144; SEQ ID NOs: 1015 and 1144; SEQ ID NOs: 1015 and 1144; SEQ ID NOs: 1015 and 1144; SEQ ID NOs: 1091 and 1151; SEQ ID NOs: 1045 and 1152; SEQ ID NOs: 1103 and 1155; SEQ ID NOs: 1065 and 1140; SEQ ID NOs: 1067 and 1141; SEQ ID NOs: 1021 and 1147; SEQ ID NOs: 1019 and 1143; SEQ ID NOs: 1000 and 1127; SEQ ID NOs: 1060 and 1138; SEQ ID NOs: 1034 and 1153; SEQ ID NOs: 1088 and 1157; SEQ ID NOs: 1037 and 1154; SEQ ID NOs: 1091 and 1151; SEQ ID NOs: 1045 and 1152; SEQ ID NOs: 1103 and 1155; SEQ ID NOs: 1054 and 1126; SEQ ID NOs: 1028 and 1131; SEQ ID NOs: 1097 and 1128; SEQ ID NOs: 1065 and 1140; SEQ ID NOs: 1001 and 1129; SEQ ID NOs: 994 and 1112; SEQ ID NOs: 1086 and 1145; SEQ ID NOs: 977 and 1125; SEQ ID NOs: 1067 and 1141; SEQ ID NOs: 1021 and 1147; SEQ ID NOs: 1077 and 1134; SEQ ID NOs: 1022 and 1117; SEQ ID NOs: 1010 and 1165; SEQ ID NOs: 1071 and 1133; SEQ ID NOs: 1009 and 1150; SEQ ID NOs: 1081 and 1119; SEQ ID NOs: 997 and 1124; SEQ ID NOs: 1063 and 1130; SEQ ID NOs: 1029 and 1148; SEQ ID NOs: 1056 and 1163; SEQ ID NOs: 1039 and 1113; SEQ ID NOs: 1033 and 1149; SEQ ID NOs: 1031 and 1132; SEQ ID NOs: 1008 and 1139; SEQ ID NOs: 1026 and 1118; SEQ ID NOs: 999 and 1166; SEQ ID NOs: 979 and 1169; SEQ ID NOs: 1098 and 1137; SEQ ID NOs: 1027 and 1135; SEQ ID NOs: 1073 and 1114; SEQ ID NOs: 1078 and 1116; SEQ ID NOs: 981 and 1115; SEQ ID NOs: 1030 and 1159; SEQ ID NOs: 992 and 1146; SEQ ID NOs: 1024 and 1167; SEQ ID NOs: 1007 and 1162; SEQ ID NOs: 978 and 1120; SEQ ID NOs: 1028 and 1131; SEQ ID NOs: 1097 and 1128; SEQ ID NOs: 994 and 1112; SEQ ID NOs: 1086 and 1145; SEQ ID NOs: 977 and 1125; SEQ ID NOs: 1022 and 1117; SEQ ID NOs: 1010 and 1165; SEQ ID NOs: 1071 and 1133; SEQ ID NOs: 1009 and 1150; SEQ ID NOs: 1081 and 1119; SEQ ID NOs: 1029 and 1148; and SEQ ID NOs: 1039 and 1113. 45. The compound of claim 1, wherein at least one nucleotide of the antisense strand is a modified nucleotide. 46. The compound of claim 1, wherein at least one nucleotide of the sense strand is a modified nucleotide. 47. The compound of claim 1, wherein each nucleotide of the antisense strand forming the double-stranded region is a modified nucleotide. 48. The compound of claim 1, wherein each nucleotide of the sense strand forming the double-stranded region is a modified nucleotide. 49. The compound of claim 1, wherein each nucleotide of the antisense strand is a modified nucleotide. 50. The compound of claim 1, wherein each nucleotide of the sense strand is a modified nucleotide. 51. The compound of claim 45, wherein the modified nucleotide comprises one or more of a modified sugar moiety, a modified internucleotide linkage, and a 5’-terminal modified phosphate group. 52. The compound of claim 51, wherein the modified nucleotide comprising a modified sugar moiety is selected from a 2’-fluoro nucleotide, a 2’-O-methyl nucleotide, a 2’- O-methoxyethyl nucleotide, and a bicyclic sugar nucleotide. 53. The compound of claim 51, wherein the modified internucleotide linkage is a phosphorothioate internucleotide linkage. 54. The compound of claim 53, wherein the first two internucleotide linkages at the 5’ terminus of the sense strand and the last two internucleotide linkages at the 3’ terminus of the sense strand are phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages. 55. The compound of claim 54, wherein the first two internucleotide linkages at the 5’ terminus of the antisense strand and the last two internucleotide linkages at the 3’ terminus of the antisense strand are phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages. 56. The compound of claim 52, wherein the covalent linkage of the bicyclic sugar is selected from a 4’-CH(CH3)-O-2’ linkage, a 4'-(CH2)2-O-2' linkage, a 4'-CH(CH2-OMe)-O- 2' linkage, 4’-CH2-N(CH3)-O-2’ linkage, and 4’-CH2-N(H)-O-2’ linkage. 57. The compound of claim 51, wherein the 5’-terminal modified phosphate group is a 5’-(E)-vinylphosphonate. 58. The compound of claim 1, wherein the antisense strand is 21 nucleotides in length and the nucleotides of the antisense strand are modified such that, counting from the 5’ terminus of the antisense strand, nucleotides 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, and 19 are 2’-O-methyl nucleotides, nucleotides 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, and 18 are 2’-fluoro nucleotides, and nucleotides 20 and 21 are beta-D-deoxynucleotides, the first two internucleotide linkages at the 5’ terminus and the last two internucleotide linkages at the 3’ terminus are phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages, and each other internucleotide linkage is a phosphodiester internucleotide linkage; and wherein the sense strand is 21 nucleotides in length and the nucleotides of the sense strand are modified such that, counting from the 5’ terminus of the sense strand, nucleotides 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, and 19 are 2’-fluoro nucleotides, nucleotides 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, and 18 are 2’-O-methyl nucleotides, and nucleotides 20 and 21 are beta-D-deoxynucleotides, the first two internucleotide linkages at the 5’ terminus and the last two internucleotide linkages at the 3’ terminus are phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages, and each other internucleotide linkage is a phosphodiester internucleotide linkage. 59. The compound of claim 1, wherein the antisense strand is 21 nucleotides in length and the nucleotides of the antisense strand are modified such that, counting from the 5’ terminus of the antisense strand, nucleotides 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, and 19 are 2’-O-methyl nucleotides, nucleotides 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, and 18 are 2’-fluoro nucleotides, and nucleotides 20 and 21 are beta-D-deoxy nucleotides, the first two internucleotide linkages at the 5’ terminus and the last two internucleotide linkages at the 3’ terminus are phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages, and each other internucleotide linkage is a phosphodiester internucleotide linkage; and wherein the sense strand is 19 nucleotides in length and the nucleotides of the sense strand are modified such that, counting from the 5’ terminus of the sense strand, nucleotides 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, and 19 are 2’-fluoro nucleotides and nucleotides 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, and 18 are 2’-O-methyl nucleotides, the first two internucleotide linkages at the 5’ terminus and the last two internucleotide linkages at the 3’ terminus are phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages, and each other internucleotide linkage is a phosphodiester internucleotide linkage. 60. The compound of claim 1, wherein the antisense strand is 23 nucleotides in length and wherein the nucleotides of the antisense strand are modified such that, counting from the 5’ terminus of the antisense strand, nucleotides 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 22, and 23 are 2’-O-methyl nucleotides and nucleotides 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, and 20 are 2’-fluoro nucleotides the first two internucleotide linkages at the 5’ terminus and the last two internucleotide linkages at the 3’ terminus are phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages, and each other internucleotide linkage is a phosphodiester internucleotide linkage; and wherein the sense strand is 21 nucleotides in length and the nucleotides of the sense strand are modified such that, counting from the 5’ terminus of the sense strand, nucleotides 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, and 21 are 2’-fluoro nucleotides, nucleotides 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, and 20 are 2’-O-methyl nucleotides, the first two internucleotide linkages at the 5’ terminus and the last two internucleotide linkages at the 3’ terminus are phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages, and each other internucleotide linkage is a phosphodiester internucleotide linkage. 61. The compound of claim 1, wherein the antisense strand is 23 nucleotides in length and wherein the nucleotides of the antisense strand are modified such that, counting from the 5’ terminus of the antisense strand, nucleotides 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 22, and 23 are 2’-O-methyl nucleotides, nucleotides 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, and 20 are 2’-fluoro nucleotides, the first two internucleotide linkages at the 5’ terminus and the last two internucleotide linkages at the 3’ terminus are phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages, and each other internucleotide linkage is a phosphodiester internucleotide linkage; and wherein the sense strand is 21 nucleotides in length and wherein the nucleotides of the sense strand are modified such that, counting from the 5’ terminus of the sense strand, nucleotides 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 14, 16, 18, 19, 20, and 21 are 2’-O-methyl nucleotides, nucleotides 5, 7, 9, 10, 11, 13, 15, and 17 are 2’-fluoro nucleotides, the first two internucleotide linkages at the 5’ terminus and the last two internucleotide linkages at the 3’ terminus are phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages, and each other internucleotide linkage is a phosphodiester internucleotide linkage. 62. The compound of claim 1, wherein the antisense strand is 23 nucleotides in length and wherein the nucleotides of the antisense strand are modified such that, counting from the 5’ terminus of the antisense strand, nucleotides 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 12, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 22, and 23 are 2’-O-methyl nucleotides and nucleotides 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 14, 16, 18, and 20 are 2’-fluoro nucleotides, the first two internucleotide linkages at the 5’ terminus and the last two internucleotide linkages at the 3’ terminus are phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages, and each other internucleotide linkage is a phosphodiester internucleotide linkage; and wherein the sense strand is 21 nucleotides in length and the nucleotides of the sense strand are modified such that, counting from the 5’ terminus of the sense strand, nucleotides 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 10, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, and 21 are 2’-fluoronucleotides, nucleotides 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 14, 16, 18, and 20 are 2’-O-methyl nucleotides, the first two internucleotide linkages at the 5’ terminus and the last two internucleotide linkages at the 3’ terminus are phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages, and each other internucleotide linkage is a phosphodiester internucleotide linkage. 63. The compound of claim 1, wherein the antisense strand is 23 nucleotides in length and wherein the nucleotides of the antisense strand are modified such that, counting from the 5’ terminus of the antisense strand, nucleotides 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 10, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 22, and 23 are 2’-O-methyl nucleotides and nucleotides 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 14, 16, 18, and 20 are 2’-fluoro nucleotides, the first two internucleotide linkages at the 5’ terminus and the last two internucleotide linkages at the 3’ terminus are phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages ,and each other internucleotide linkage is a phosphodiester internucleotide linkage; and wherein the sense strand is 21 nucleotides in length and nucleotides of the sense strand are modified such that, counting from the 5’ terminus of the sense strand, nucleotides 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 12, 13, 15, 17, 19, and 21 are 2’-fluoro nucleotides, nucleotides 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 14, 16, 18, and 20 are 2’-O-methyl nucleotides, the first two internucleotide linkages at the 5’ terminus and the last two internucleotide linkages at the 3’ terminus are phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages, and each other internucleotide linkage is a phosphodiester internucleotide linkage. 64. The compound of claim 1, wherein the antisense strand is 23 nucleotides in length and the nucleotides of the antisense strand are modified such that, counting from the 5’ terminus of the antisense strand, nucleotides 1, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 22, and 23 are 2’-O-methyl nucleotides, nucleotides 2, 4, 6, 10, 14, 16, 18, and 20 are 2’-fluoro nucleotides, the first two internucleotide linkages at the 5’ terminus and the last two internucleotide linkages at the 3’ terminus are phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages, and each other internucleotide linkage is a phosphodiester internucleotide linkage; and wherein the sense strand is 21 nucleotides in length and the nucleoides of the sense strand are modified such that, counting from the 5’ terminus of the sense strand, nucleotides 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 19, 20, and 21 are 2’-O-methyl nucleotides, nucleotides 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, and 17 are 2’-fluoro nucleotides, the first two internucleotide linkages at the 5’ terminus and the last two internucleotide linkages at the 3’ terminus are phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages, and each other internucleotide linkage is a phosphodiester internucleotide linkage. 65. The compound of claim 1, wherein the antisense strand is 23 nucleotides in length and the nucleotides of the antisense strand are modified such that, counting from the 5’ terminus of the antisense strand, nucleotides 1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, and 23 are 2’-O-methyl nucleotides, nucleotides 2, 6, 14, and 16 are 2’-fluoro nucleotides, the first two internucleotide linkages at the 5’ terminus and the last two internucleotide linkages at the 3’ terminus are phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages, and each other internucleotide linkage is a phosphodiester internucleotide linkage; and wherein the sense strand is 21 nucleotides in length and the nucleotides of the sense strand are modified such that, counting from the 5’ terminus of the sense strand, nucleotides 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, and 21 are 2’-O-methyl nucleotides, nucleotides 7, 9, 10, and 11 are 2’-fluoro nucleotides, the first two internucleotide linkages at the 5’ terminus and the last two internucleotide linkages at the 3’ terminus are phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages, and each other internucleotide linkage is a phosphodiester internucleotide linkage. 66. The compound of claim 1, wherein the antisense strand is 23 nucleotides in length and the nucleotides of the antisense strand are modified such that, counting from the 5’ terminus of the antisense strand, nucleotides 1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, and 23 are 2’-O-methyl nucleotides, nucleotides 2, 6, 14, and 16 are 2’-fluoro nucleotides, the first two internucleotide linkages at the 5’ terminus and the last two internucleotide linkages at the 3’ terminus are phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages, and each other internucleotide linkage is a phosphodiester internucleotide linkage; and wherein the sense strand is 21 nucleotides in length and the nucleotides of the sense strand are modified such that, counting from the 5’ terminus of the sense strand, nucleotides 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, and 21 are 2’-O-methyl nucleotides, nucleotides 7, 9, 10, and 11 are 2’-fluoro nucleotides, the first two internucleotide linkages at the 5’ terminus are phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages, and each other internucleotide linkage is a phosphodiester internucleotide linkage. 67. The compound of claim 1, wherein the antisense strand is 23 nucleotides in length and wherein the nucleotides of the antisense strand are modified such that, counting from the 5’ terminus of the antisense strand, nucleotides 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 22, and 23 are 2’-O-methyl nucleotides, nucleotides 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, and 20 are 2’-fluoro nucleotides, the first two internucleotide linkages at the 5’ terminus and the last two internucleotide linkages at the 3’ terminus are phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages, and each other internucleotide linkage is a phosphodiester internucleotide linkage; and wherein the sense strand is 21 nucleotides in length and wherein the nucleotides of the sense strand are modified such that, counting from the 5’ terminus of the sense strand, nucleotides 1 and 2 are 2’-O-methoxyethyl nucleotides, nucleotides 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 14, 16, 18, 19, 20, and 21 are 2’-O-methyl nucleotides, nucleotides 5, 7, 9, 10, 11, 13, 15, and 17 are 2’-fluoro nucleotides, the first two internucleotide linkages at the 5’ terminus and the last two internucleotide linkages at the 3’ terminus are phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages, and each other internucleotide linkage is a phosphodiester internucleotide linkage. 68. The compound of claim 1, wherein the antisense strand is 23 nucleotides in length and wherein the nucleotides of the antisense strand are modified such that, counting from the 5’ terminus of the antisense strand, nucleotides 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 22, and 23 are 2’-O-methyl nucleotides, nucleotides 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, and 20 are 2’-fluoro nucleotides, the first two internucleotide linkages at the 5’ terminus and the last two internucleotide linkages at the 3’ terminus are phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages, and each other internucleotide linkage is a phosphodiester internucleotide linkage; and wherein the sense strand is 21 nucleotides in length and wherein the nucleotides of the sense strand are modified such that, counting from the 5’ terminus of the sense strand, nucleotides 2 and 3 are 2’-O-methoxyethyl nucleotides, nucleotides 1, 4, 6, 8, 12, 14, 16, 18, 19, 20, and 21 are 2’-O-methyl nucleotides, nucleotides 5, 7, 9, 10, 11, 13, 15, and 17 are 2’-fluoro nucleotides, the first two internucleotide linkages at the 5’ terminus and the last two internucleotide linkages at the 3’ terminus are phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages, and each other internucleotide linkage is a phosphodiester internucleotide linkage. 69. The compound of claim 1, wherein the antisense strand is 23 nucleotides in length and wherein the nucleotides of the antisense strand are modified such that, counting from the 5’ terminus of the antisense strand, nucleotides 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 22, and 23 are 2’-O-methyl nucleotides, nucleotides 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, and 20 are 2’-fluoro nucleotides, the first two internucleotide linkages at the 5’ terminus and the last two internucleotide linkages at the 3’ terminus are phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages, and each other internucleotide linkage is a phosphodiester internucleotide linkage; and wherein the sense strand is 21 nucleotides in length and wherein the nucleotides of the sense strand are modified such that, counting from the 5’ terminus of the sense strand, nucleotides 2, 3, 19 and 20 are 2’-O-methoxyethyl nucleotides, nucleotides 1, 4, 6, 8, 12, 14, 16, 18, and 21 are 2’-O-methyl nucleotides, nucleotides 5, 7, 9, 10, 11, 13, 15, and 17 are 2’-fluoro nucleotides, the first two internucleotide linkages at the 5’ terminus and the last two internucleotide linkages at the 3’ terminus are phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages, and each other internucleotide linkage is a phosphodiester internucleotide linkage. 70. The compound of claim 1, wherein the antisense strand is 23 nucleotides in length and wherein the nucleotides of the antisense strand are modified such that, counting from the 5’ terminus of the antisense strand, nucleotides 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 22, and 23 are 2’-O-methyl nucleotides, nucleotides 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, and 20 are 2’-fluoro nucleotides, the first two internucleotide linkages at the 5’ terminus and the last two internucleotide linkages at the 3’ terminus are phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages, and each other internucleotide linkage is a phosphodiester internucleotide linkage; and wherein the sense strand is 21 nucleotides in length and wherein the nucleotides of the sense strand are modified such that, counting from the 5’ terminus of the sense strand, nucleotides 1, 2, 3, and 4 are 2’-O-methoxyethyl nucleotides, nucleotides 6, 8, 12, 14, 16, 18, 19, 20 and 21 are 2’-O-methyl nucleotides, nucleotides 5, 7, 9, 10, 11, 13, 15, and 17 are 2’-fluoro nucleotides, the first two internucleotide linkages at the 5’ terminus and the last two internucleotide linkages at the 3’ terminus are phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages, and each other internucleotide linkage is a phosphodiester internucleotide linkage. 71. The compound of claim 58, wherein the 5’ terminal phosphate group of the antisense strand is a 5’-(E)-vinylphosphonate group. 72. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound comprises a ligand covalently linked to one or more of the antisense strand and the sense strand of the double- stranded nucleic acid. 73. The compound of claim 72, wherein the ligand is squalene. 74. The compound of claim 72, wherein the compound has the structure: wherein A is the antisense strand and/or the sense strand of the double-stranded nucleic acid; wherein t is an integer from 1 to 5; L3 and L4 are independently a bond, -N(R23)-, -O-, -S-, -C(O)-, -N(R23)C(O)-, -C(O)N(R24)-, -N(R23)C(O)N(R24)-, -C(O)O-, -OC(O)-, -N(R23)C(O)O-, -OC(O)N(R24)-, -OPO2-O-, -O-P(O)(S)-O-, -O-P(O)(R25)-O-, -O-P(S)(R25)-O-, -O-P(O)(NR23R24)-N-, -O-P(S)(NR23R24)-N-, -O-P(O)(NR23R24)-O-, -O-P(S)(NR23R24)-O-, -P(O)(NR23R24)-N-, -P(S)(NR23R24)-N-, -P(O)(NR23R24)-O-, -P(S)(NR23R24)-O-,-S-S-, substituted or unsubstituted alkylene, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkylene, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkylene, substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkylene, substituted or unsubstituted arylene or substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene; L5 is -L5A-L5B-L5C-L5D-L5E-; L6 is -L6A-L6B-L6C-L6D-L6E-; R1 and R2 are independently unsubstituted C1-C25 alkyl, wherein at least one of R1 and R2 is unsubstituted C9-C19 alkyl; R3 is hydrogen, -NH2, -OH, -SH, -C(O)H, -C(O)NH2, -NHC(O)H, -NHC(O)OH, -NHC(O)NH2, -C(O)OH, -OC(O)H, –N3, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl; L5A, L5B, L5C, L5D, L5E, L6A, L6B, L6C, L6D, and L6E are independently a bond, -NH-, -O-, -S-, -C(O)-, -NHC(O)-, -NHC(O)NH-, -C(O)O-, -OC(O)-, –C(O)NH-, substituted or unsubstituted alkylene, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkylene, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkylene, substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkylene, substituted or unsubstituted arylene or substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene; and each R23, R24 and R25 is independently hydrogen or unsubstituted C1-C10 alkyl. 75. The compound of claim 74, wherein t is 1. 76. The compound of claim 74, wherein t is 2. 77. The compound of claim 74, wherein t is 3. 78. The compound of claim 74, wherein A is the sense strand. 79. The compound of claim 74, wherein A is the antisense strand. 80. The compound of claim 74, wherein each of R23, R24 and R25 is independently hydrogen or unsubstituted C1-C3 alkyl. 81. The compound of claim 74, wherein one L3 is attached to a 3’ carbon of a nucleotide. 82. The compound of claim 81, wherein the 3’ carbon is the 3’ carbon of a 3’ terminal nucleotide. 83. The compound of claim 74, wherein one L3 is attached to a 5’ carbon of a nucleotide. 84. The compound of claim 83, wherein the 5’ carbon is the 5’ carbon of a 5’ terminal nucleotide. 85. The compound of claim 74, wherein one L3 is attached to a 2’ carbon of a nucleotide. 86. The compound of claim 74, wherein L3 and L4 are independently a bond, -NH-, -O-, -C(O)-, -C(O)O-, -OC(O)-, -OPO2-O-, -O-P(O)(S)-O-, -O-P(O)(CH3)-O-, -O-P(S)(CH3)-O-, -O-P(O)(N(CH3)2)-N-, -O-P(O)(N(CH3)2)-O-, -O-P(S)(N(CH3)2)-N-, -O-P(S)(N(CH3)2)-O-, - P(O)(N(CH3)2)-N-, -P(O)(N(CH3)2)-O-, -P(S)(N(CH3)2)-N-, -P(S)(N(CH3)2)-O-, substituted or unsubstituted alkylene or substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkylene. 87. The compound of claim 74, wherein L3 is independently . 88. The compound of claim 74, wherein L3 is independently -OPO2-O- or –OP(O)(S)-O-. 89. The compound of claim 74, wherein L3 is independently –O-. 90. The compound of claim 74, wherein L3 is independently -C(O)-. 91. The compound of claim 74, wherein L3 is independently -O-P(O)(N(CH3)2)-N-. 92. The compound of claim 74, wherein L4 is independently substituted or unsubstituted alkylene or substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkylene. 93. The compound of claim 74, wherein L4 is independently –L7-NH-C(O)- or –L7-C(O)-NH-, wherein L7 is substituted or unsubstituted alkylene. 94. The compound of claim 74, wherein L4 is independently . 96. The compound of claim 74, wherein –L3-L4- is independently –O-L7-NH-C(O)- or –O-L7-C(O)-NH-, wherein L7 is independently substituted or unsubstituted alkylene, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkylene, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkenylene. 97. The compound of claim 96, wherein –L3-L4- is independently –O-L7-NH-C(O)-, wherein L7 is independently substituted or unsubstituted C5-C8 alkylene. 98. The compound of claim 97, wherein –L3-L4- is independently . 99. The compound of claim 74, wherein –L3-L4- is independently -OPO2-O-L7-NH-C(O)-, -OP(O)(S)-O-L7-NH-C(O)-, -OPO2-O-L7-C(O)-NH-or –OP(O)(S)- O-L7-C(O)-NH-, wherein L7 is independently substituted or unsubstituted alkylene. 100. The compound of claim 99, wherein –L3-L4- is independently -OPO2-O-L7-NH-C(O)- or –OP(O)(S)-O-L7-NH-C(O)-, wherein L7 is independently substituted or unsubstituted C5-C8 alkylene. 101. The compound of claim 100, wherein –L3-L4- is independently 102. The compound of claim 101, wherein an –L3-L4- is independently carbon of a 3’ terminal nucleotide. 103. The compound of claim 101, wherein an –L3-L4- is independently terminal nucleotide. 104. The compound of claim 101, wherein an –L3-L4- is independently attached to a 2’ carbon. 105. The compound of claim 71, wherein R3 is independently hydrogen. 106. The compound of claim 71, wherein L6 is independently -NHC(O)-, –C(O)NH-, substituted or unsubstituted alkylene, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkylene. 107. The compound of claim 106, wherein L6 is independently -NHC(O)-. 108. The compound of claim 106, wherein L6A is independently a bond or unsubstituted alkylene; L6B is independently a bond, -NHC(O)-, or unsubstituted arylene; L6C is independently a bond, unsubstituted alkylene, or unsubstituted arylene; L6D is independently a bond or unsubstituted alkylene; and L6E is independently a bond or -NHC(O)-. 109. The compound of claim 106, wherein L6A is independently a bond or unsubstituted C1-C8 alkylene; L6B is independently a bond, -NHC(O)-, or unsubstituted phenylene; L6C is independently a bond, unsubstituted C2-C8 alkynylene, or unsubstituted phenylene; L6D is independently a bond or unsubstituted C1-C8 alkylene; and L6E is independently a bond or -NHC(O)-. 110. The compound of claim 71, wherein L6 is independently a bond, 111. The compound of claim 71, wherein L5 is independently -NHC(O)-, –C(O)NH-, substituted or unsubstituted alkylene, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkylene. 112. The compound of claim 71, wherein L5 is independently -NHC(O)-. 113. The compound of claim 71, wherein L5A is independently a bond or unsubstituted alkylene; L5B is independently a bond, -NHC(O)-, or unsubstituted arylene; L5C is independently a bond, unsubstituted alkylene, or unsubstituted arylene; L5D is independently a bond or unsubstituted alkylene; and L5E is independently a bond or -NHC(O)-. 114. The compound of claim 71, wherein L5A is independently a bond or unsubstituted C1-C8 alkylene; L5B is independently a bond, -NHC(O)-, or unsubstituted phenylene; L5C is independently a bond, unsubstituted C2-C8 alkynylene, or unsubstituted phenylene; L5D is independently a bond or unsubstituted C1-C8 alkylene; and L5E is independently a bond or -NHC(O)-. 115. The compound of claim 71, wherein L5 is independently a bond, 116. The compound of claim 71, wherein R1 is unsubstituted C1-C17 alkyl. 117. The compound of claim 71, wherein R1 is unsubstituted C11-C17 alkyl. 118. The compound of claim 71, wherein R1 is unsubstituted C13-C17 alkyl. 119. The compound of claim 71, wherein R1 is unsubstituted C14-C15 alkyl. 120. The compound of claim 71, wherein R1 is unsubstituted unbranched C1-C17 alkyl. 121. The compound of claim 71, wherein R1 is unsubstituted unbranched C11-C17 alkyl. 122. The compound of claim 71, wherein R1 is unsubstituted unbranched C13-C17 alkyl. 123. The compound of claim 71, wherein R1 is unsubstituted unbranched C14-C15 alkyl. 124. The compound of claim 71, wherein R1 is unsubstituted unbranched saturated C1-C17 alkyl. 125. The compound of claim 71, wherein R1 is unsubstituted unbranched saturated C11-C17 alkyl. 126. The compound of claim 71, wherein R1 is unsubstituted unbranched saturated C13-C17 alkyl. 127. The compound of claim 71, wherein R1 is unsubstituted unbranched saturated C14-C15 alkyl. 128. The compound of claim 71, wherein R2 is unsubstituted C1-C17 alkyl. 129. The compound of claim 71, wherein R2 is unsubstituted C11-C17 alkyl. 130. The compound of claim 71, wherein R2 is unsubstituted C13-C17 alkyl. 131. The compound of claim 71, wherein R2 is unsubstituted C14-C15 alkyl. 132. The compound of claim 71, wherein R2 is unsubstituted unbranched C1-C17 alkyl. 133. The compound of claim 71, wherein R2 is unsubstituted unbranched C11-C17 alkyl. 134. The compound of claim 71, wherein R2 is unsubstituted unbranched C13-C17 alkyl. 135. The compound of claim 71, wherein R2 is unsubstituted unbranched C14-C15 alkyl. 136. The compound of claim 71, wherein R2 is unsubstituted unbranched saturated C1-C17 alkyl. 137. The compound of claim 71, wherein R2 is unsubstituted unbranched saturated C11-C17 alkyl. 138. The compound of claim 71, wherein R2 is unsubstituted unbranched saturated C13-C17 alkyl. 139. The compound of claim 71, wherein R2 is unsubstituted unbranched saturated C14-C15 alkyl. 140. The compound of claim 71, wherein the ligand is covalently linked to the antisense strand. 141. The compound of claim 71, wherein the ligand is covalently linked to the sense strand. 142. The compound of claim 74, wherein -L3-L4- , the phosphate group of -L3-L4- is attached to the 3’ carbon of the 3’ terminal nucleotide of the sense strand, , L5 is -NHC(O)-, R3 is hydrogen, R1 is unsubstituted unbranched C15 alkyl, and R2 is unsubstituted unbranched C15 alkyl. 143. The compound of claim 74, wherein -L3-L4- is , the phosphate group of -L3-L4- to the 3’ carbon of the 3’ terminal nucleotide of the sense strand, , L5 is -NHC(O)-, R3 is hydrogen, R1 is unsubstituted unbranched C13 alkyl, and R2 is unsubstituted unbranched C13 alkyl. 144. The compound of claim 74, wherein the compound is selected from any one of DT-000544, DT-000545, DT-000546, DT-000620, DT-000621, DT-000622, DT-000623, DT-000624, DT-000625, DT-000626, DT-000627, DT-000628, DT-000811, DT-000812, DT-000945, DT-000959, DT-000960, DT-000961, DT-000962, DT-000963, DT-000964, DT-000965, DT-000966, DT-000967, DT-001037, DT-001038, DT-001039, DT-001044, DT-001045, DT-001046, DT-001047, DT-001048, DT-001049, DT-001050, DT-001051, DT-001052, DT-001053, DT-001054, DT-001055, DT-001056, DT-001057, DT-001058, DT-001059, DT-001060, DT-001061, DT-001109, DT-001110, DT-001111, DT-001112, DT-001113, DT-001114, DT-001115, DT-001116, DT-001117, DT-001118, DT-001119, DT-001120, DT-001121, DT-001122, DT-001123, DT-001124, DT-001125, DT-001126, DT-001127, DT-001128, DT-001129, DT-001130, DT-001131, DT-001132, DT-001145, DT-001146, DT-001147, DT-001148, DT-001149, DT-001150, DT-001151, DT-001152, DT-001153, DT-001154, DT-001155, DT-001156, DT-001157, DT-001158, DT-001159, DT-001160, DT-001161, DT-001162, DT-001163, DT-001164, DT-001176, DT-001177, DT-001178, DT-001179, DT-001180, DT-001181, DT-001182, DT-001183, DT-001184, DT-001185, DT-001186, DT-001187, DT-001188, DT-001189, DT-001190, DT-001191, DT-001192, DT-001193, DT-001194, DT-001195, DT-001196, DT-001197, DT-001198, DT-001199, DT-001200, DT-001201, DT-001202, DT-001203, DT-001204, DT-001205, DT-001206, DT-001207, DT-001208, DT-001217, DT-001218, DT-001219, DT-001220, DT-001221, DT-001222, DT-001223, DT-001224, DT-001230, DT-001231, DT-001232, DT-001233, DT-001234, DT-001235, DT-001236, DT-001237, DT-001238, DT-001239, DT-001240, DT-001241, DT-001242, DT-001243, DT-001246, DT-001247, DT-001248, DT-001249, DT-001250, DT-001251, DT-001252, DT-001253, DT-001254, DT-001255, DT-001256, DT-001257, DT-001261, DT-001262, DT-001263, DT-001264, DT-001265, DT-001266, DT-001267, DT-001276, DT-001277, DT-001278, DT-001279, DT-001280, DT-001281, DT-001282, DT-001283, DT-001296, DT-001297, DT-001298, DT-001299, DT-001300, DT-001301, DT-001302, DT-001303, DT-001304, DT-001305, DT-001306, DT-001307, DT-001322, DT-001323, DT-001324, DT-001325, DT-001326, DT-001327, DT-001328, DT-001329, DT-001330, DT-001331, DT-001332, DT-001333, DT-001334, DT-001335, DT-001344, DT-001345, DT-001346, DT-001347, DT-001348, DT-001349, DT-001350, DT-001351, DT-001355, DT-001356, DT-001357, DT-001358, DT-001359, DT-001360, DT-001361, DT-001362, DT-001363, DT-001364, DT-001365, DT-001366, DT-001367, DT-001368, and DT-001369. 145. The compound of claim 74, wherein the compound is DT-000623. 146. The compound of claim 74, wherein the compound is DT-000812. 147. The compound of claim 74, wherein the compound is DT-001246. 148. The compound of claim 74, wherein the compound is DT-001247. 149. The compound of claim 74, wherein the compound is DT-001250. 150. The compound of claim 74, wherein the compound is DT-001251. 151. The compound of claim 74, wherein the compound is DT-001252. 152. The compound of claim 74, wherein the compound is DT-001253. 153. The compound of claim 74, wherein the compound is DT-001254. 154. The compound of claim 74, wherein the compound is DT-001255. 155. The compound of claim 74, wherein the compound is DT-001256. 156. The compound of claim 74, wherein the compound is DT-001257. 157. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound is present as a pharmaceutical salt. 158. The compound of claim 157, wherein the salt is a sodium salt. 159. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound is present in a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent. 160. The compound of claim 159, wherein the pharmaceutically acceptable diluent is a sterile aqueous solution. 161. The compound of claim 160, wherein the sterile aqueous solution is a sterile saline solution. 162. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound of any one of claims 1 to 161. 163. A method of inhibiting the expression of peripheral myelin protein 22 (PMP22) mRNA in a cell, comprising contacting the cell with a compound of any one of claims 1 to 161, thereby inhibiting the expression of PMP22 mRNA in the cell. 164. The method of claim 163, wherein the cell is a peripheral nerve cell. 165. The method of claim 164, wherein the cell is in vitro. 166. The method of claim 164, wherein the cell is in vivo. 167. A method of inhibiting the expression of peripheral myelin protein 22 (PMP22) mRNA in a subject, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a compound of any one of claims 1 to 161, thereby inhibiting the expression of peripheral myelin protein 22 (PMP22) mRNA. 168. The method of claim 167, wherein the expression of PMP22 mRNA is inhibited in a peripheral nerve of the subject. 169. The method of claim 168, wherein the peripheral nerve is one or more of a sciatic nerve, a brachial plexus nerve, a tibial nerve, a peroneal nerve, a femoral nerve, a lateral femoral cutaneous nerve, and a spinal accessory nerve. 170. A method for increasing myelination and/or slowing the loss of myelination in a subject, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a compound of any one of claims 1 to 161. 171. The method of claim 170, wherein the administering increases myelination in the subject. 172. The method of claim 170, wherein the administering slows the loss of myelination in the subject. 173. The method of claim 167, wherein the subject has a peripheral demyelinating disease. 174. The method of claim 173, wherein the administration of the compound treats the peripheral demyelinating disease. 175. The method of claim 173, wherein the peripheral demyelinating disease is Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT). 176. The method of claim 175, wherein the CMT is Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease Type 1A (CMT1A). 177. A method of treating Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT), comprising administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a compound of any one of claims 1 to 161. 178. The method of claim 177, wherein the Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease is Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease Type 1A (CMT1A). 179. The method of claim 178, wherein the subject is diagnosed as having CMT1A by the presence of one or more of: a family history of CMT1A; amplification of the PMP22 gene; distal muscle weakness; distal musculature atrophy; reduced deep tendon reflexes, distal sensory impairment; reduced compound muscle action potential; and reduced nerve conduction velocity. 180. The method of claim 167, wherein the administration improves or slows the progression of one or more clinical indicators of CMT1A in the subject, wherein the one or more clinical indicators is selected from: distal muscle weakness; distal musculature atrophy; reduced deep tendon reflexes; distal sensory impairment; reduced nerve conduction velocity; reduced compound muscle action potential; reduced sensory nerve action potential; increased calf muscle fat fraction; elevated plasma neurofilament light (NfL); and/or elevated plasma tramsmembrane protease serine 5 (TMPRSS55). 181. The method of claim 179, wherein the distal muscle weakness is reduced hand grip strength and/or reduced foot dorsiflexion. 182. The method of claim 179, wherein the distal muscle weakness is measured by quantifed muscular testing (QMT). 183. The method of claim 179, wherein the nerve conduction velocity is selected from motor nerve conduction velocity and sensory nerve conduction velocity. 184. The method of claim 183, wherein the nerve conduction velocity is measured by electroneurography. 185. The method of claim 179, wherein compound muscle action potential is measured by electromyogram. 186. The method of claim 179, wherein the distal musculature atrophy is calf muscle atrophy. 187. The method of claim 186, wherein calf muscle fat fraction is measured by magnetic resonance imaging. 188. The method of claim 179, wherein disease severity and/or disease progression in a subject is determined by one or more clinical assessments, wherein the clinical assessment is selected from Charcot-Marie-Tooth Neuropathy Score (CMTNS), Charcot- Marie-Tooth Neuropathy Score with Rasch weighting (CMTNS-R), Charcot Marie-Tooth Neuropathy Score Version 2 (CMTNS-v2), Charcot-Marie-Tooth Examination Score (CMTES), Charcot-Marie-Tooth Examination Score with Rasch weighting (CMTES-R), Charcot-Marie-Tooth Functional Outcome Measure (CMT-FOM), Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease Pediatric Scale, Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease Infant Scale, Charcot-Marie-Tooth Health Index, and Overall Neuropathy Limitation Scale (ONLS). 189. The method of claim 188, wherein disease progression in the subject comprises measuring the change over time in the one or more clinical assessments. 190. The method of claim 167, wherein the administration is intravenous administration or subcutaneous administration. 191. The method of claim 167, comprising administering at least one additional therapy to the subject. 192. Use of the compound of any one of claims 1 to 161 in therapy. 193. Use of the compound of any one of claims 1 to 161 for the treatment of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease Type 1A (CMT1A). 194. Use of the pharmaceutical composition of claim 162 for the treatment of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease Type 1A (CMT1A). |
. In embodiments, -L 3 -L 4 - is independently embodiments, -L 3 -L 4 - is independently . embodiments, -L 3 -L 4 - is independently carbon of the 3’ terminal nucleotide of the sense strand. In embodiments, -L 3 -L 4 - is independently , carbon of the 3’ terminal nucleotide of the antisense strand. In embodiments, -L 3 -L 4 - is independently that is attached to the 3’ carbon of the 3’ terminal nucleotide of the sense strand. In embodiments, -L 3 -L 4 - is independently that is attached to the 3’ carbon of the 3’ terminal nucleotide of the antisense strand. In embodiments, -L 3 -L 4 - is independently carbon of the 3’ terminal nucleotide of the sense strand. In embodiments, -L 3 -L 4 - is independently carbon of the 3’ terminal nucleotide of the antisense strand. In embodiments, an -L 3 -L 4 - is independently , and is attached to the 5’ carbon of the 5’ terminal nucleotide of the sense strand. In embodiments, an -L 3 -L 4 - is independently , and is attached to the 5’ carbon of the 5’ terminal nucleotide of the antisense strand. In embodiments, an -L 3 -L 4 - is independently that is attached to the 5’ carbon of the 5’ terminal nucleotide of the sense strand. In embodiments, an -L 3 -L 4 - is independently that is attached to the 5’ carbon of the 5’ terminal nucleotide of the antisense strand. In embodiments, an -L 3 -L 4 - is independently at is attached to 5’ carbon of the 5’ terminal nucleotide of the sense strand. In embodiments, an -L 3 -L 4 - is independently or that is attached to the 5’ carbon of the 5’ terminal nucleotide of the antisense strand. In embodiments, an -L 3 -L 4 - is independently attached to a nucleobase of the sense strand. In embodiments, an -L 3 -L 4 - is independently and is attached to a nucleobase of the sense strand. In embodiments, an -L 3 -L 4 - is independently and is attached to a nucleobase of the antisense strand. In embodiments, -L 3 -L 4 - is independently
In embodiments, -L 3 -L 4 - is independently that is attached to the 3’ carbon of the 3’ terminal nucleotide of the sense strand. In embodiments, -L 3 -L 4 - is independently that is attached to the 3’ carbon of the 3’ terminal nucleotide of the antisense strand. In embodiments, -L 3 -L 4 - is independently that is attached to the 5’ carbon of the 5’ terminal nucleotide of the sense strand. In embodiments, -L 3 -L 4 - is independently that is attached to the 5’ carbon of the 5’ terminal nucleotide of the antisense strand. In embodiments, -L 3 -L 4 - is independently that is attached to the 3’ carbon of the 3’ terminal nucleotide of the sense strand. In embodiments, -L 3 -L 4 - is independently that is attached to the 3’ carbon of the 3’ terminal nucleotide of the antisense strand. In embodiments, -L 3 -L 4 - is independently that is attached to the 5’ carbon of the 5’ terminal nucleotide of the sense strand. In embodiments, -L 3 -L 4 - is independently that is attached to the 5’ carbon of the 5’ terminal nucleotide of the antisense strand. In embodiments, -L 3 -L 4 - is independently attached to the 3’ carbon of the 3’ terminal nucleotide of the sense strand. In embodiments, -L 3 -L 4 - is independently attached to the 3’ carbon of the 3’ terminal nucleotide of the antisense strand. In embodiments, -L 3 -L 4 - is independently and is attached to the 5’ carbon of the 5’ terminal nucleotide of the sense strand. In embodiments, -L 3 -L 4 - is independently and is attached to the 5’ carbon of the 5’ terminal nucleotide of the antisense strand. In embodiments, -L 3 -L 4 - is independently and is attached to a 2’ carbon of a nucleotide of the sense strand. In embodiments, -L 3 -L 4 - is independently and is attached to a 2’ carbon of a nucleotide of the antisense strand. In embodiments, -L 3 -L 4 - is independently and is attached to a 2’ carbon of a nucleotide of the sense strand. In embodiments, -L 3 -L 4 - is independently is attached to a 2’ carbon of a nucleotide of the antisense strand. In embodiments, -L 3 -L 4 - is independently is attached to a nucleobase of the sense strand. In embodiments, -L 3 -L 4 - is independently is attached to a nucleobase of the antisense strand. In embodiments, R 3 is independently hydrogen, -NH2, -OH, -SH, -C(O)H, -C(O)NH2, -NHC(O)H, -NHC(O)OH, -NHC(O)NH2, -C(O)OH, -OC(O)H, -N3, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl. In embodiments, R 3 is independently hydrogen. In embodiments, R 3 is independently -NH 2 . In embodiments, R 3 is independently -OH. In embodiments, R 3 is independently -SH. In embodiments, R 3 is independently -C(O)H. In embodiments, R 3 is independently -C(O)NH2. In embodiments, R 3 is independently -NHC(O)H. In embodiments, R 3 is independently -NHC(O)OH. In embodiments, R 3 is independently -NHC(O)NH 2 . In embodiments, R 3 is independently -C(O)OH. In embodiments, R 3 is independently -OC(O)H. In embodiments, R 3 is independently -N3. In embodiments, R 3 is independently substituted or unsubstituted alkyl (e.g., C1-C20, C 1 -C 12 , C 1 -C 8 , C 1 -C 6 , C 1 -C 4 , or C 1 -C 2 ). In embodiments, R 3 is independently substituted or unsubstituted C1-C20 alkyl. In embodiments, R 3 is independently substituted C1-C20 alkyl. In embodiments, R 3 is independently unsubstituted C1-C20 alkyl. In embodiments, R 3 is independently substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 12 alkyl. In embodiments, R 3 is independently substituted C 1 -C 12 alkyl. In embodiments, R 3 is independently unsubstituted C 1 -C 12 alkyl. In embodiments, R 3 is independently substituted or unsubstituted C1-C8 alkyl. In embodiments, R 3 is independently substituted C1-C8 alkyl. In embodiments, R 3 is independently unsubstituted C 1 -C 8 alkyl. In embodiments, R 3 is independently substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkyl. In embodiments, R 3 is independently substituted C1-C6 alkyl. In embodiments, R 3 is independently unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 alkyl. In embodiments, R 3 is independently substituted or unsubstituted C1-C4 alkyl. In embodiments, R 3 is independently substituted C1-C4 alkyl. In embodiments, R 3 is independently unsubstituted C1-C4 alkyl. In embodiments, R 3 is independently substituted or unsubstituted ethyl. In embodiments, R 3 is independently substituted ethyl. In embodiments, R 3 is independently unsubstituted ethyl. In embodiments, R 3 is independently substituted or unsubstituted methyl. In embodiments, R 3 is independently substituted methyl. In embodiments, R 3 is independently unsubstituted methyl. In embodiments, L 6 is independently -NHC(O)-. In embodiments, L 6 is independently -C(O)NH-. In embodiments, L 6 is independently substituted or unsubstituted alkylene. In embodiments, L 6 is independently substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkylene. In embodiments, L 6 is independently substituted or unsubstituted alkylene (e.g., C1-C20, C1-C12, C1-C8, C1-C6, C1-C4, or C1-C2). In embodiments, L 6 is independently substituted alkylene (e.g., C1-C20, C1-C12, C1-C8, C1-C6, C1-C4, or C1-C2). In embodiments, L 6 is independently unsubstituted alkylene (e.g., C 1 -C 20 , C 1 -C 12 , C 1 -C 8 , C 1 -C 6 , C 1 -C 4 , or C 1 -C 2 ). In embodiments, L 6 is independently substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 20 alkylene. In embodiments, L 6 is independently substituted C1-C20 alkylene. In embodiments, L 6 is independently unsubstituted C1-C20 alkylene. In embodiments, L 6 is independently substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 12 alkylene. In embodiments, L 6 is independently substituted C 1 -C 12 alkylene. In embodiments, L 6 is independently unsubstituted C1-C12 alkylene. In embodiments, L 6 is independently substituted or unsubstituted C1-C8 alkylene. In embodiments, L 6 is independently substituted C 1 -C 8 alkylene. In embodiments, L 6 is independently unsubstituted C1-C8 alkylene. In embodiments, L 6 is independently substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkylene. In embodiments, L 6 is independently substituted C1-C6 alkylene. In embodiments, L 6 is independently unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 alkylene. In embodiments, L 6 is independently substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 4 alkylene. In embodiments, L 6 is independently substituted C1-C4 alkylene. In embodiments, L 6 is independently unsubstituted C1-C4 alkylene. In embodiments, L 6 is independently substituted or unsubstituted ethylene. In embodiments, L 6 is independently substituted ethylene. In embodiments, L 6 is independently unsubstituted ethylene. In embodiments, L 6 is independently substituted or unsubstituted methylene. In embodiments, L 6 is independently substituted methylene. In embodiments, L 6 is independently unsubstituted methylene. In embodiments, L 6 is independently substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkylene (e.g., 2 to 20 membered, 2 to 12 membered, 2 to 8 membered, 2 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 2 to 3 membered, or 4 to 5 membered). In embodiments, L 6 is independently substituted heteroalkylene (e.g., 2 to 20 membered, 2 to 12 membered, 2 to 8 membered, 2 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 2 to 3 membered, or 4 to 5 membered). In embodiments, L 6 is independently unsubstituted heteroalkylene (e.g., 2 to 20 membered, 2 to 12 membered, 2 to 8 membered, 2 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 2 to 3 membered, or 4 to 5 membered). In embodiments, L 6 is independently substituted or unsubstituted 2 to 20 membered heteroalkylene. In embodiments, L 6 is independently substituted 2 to 20 membered heteroalkylene. In embodiments, L 6 is independently unsubstituted 2 to 20 membered heteroalkylene. In embodiments, L 6 is independently substituted or unsubstituted 2 to 8 membered heteroalkylene. In embodiments, L 6 is independently substituted 2 to 8 membered heteroalkylene. In embodiments, L 6 is independently unsubstituted 2 to 8 membered heteroalkylene. In embodiments, L 6 is independently substituted or unsubstituted 2 to 6 membered heteroalkylene. In embodiments, L 6 is independently substituted 2 to 6 membered heteroalkylene. In embodiments, L 6 is independently unsubstituted 2 to 6 membered heteroalkylene. In embodiments, L 6 is independently substituted or unsubstituted 4 to 6 membered heteroalkylene. In embodiments, L 6 is independently substituted 4 to 6 membered heteroalkylene. In embodiments, L 6 is independently unsubstituted 4 to 6 membered heteroalkylene. In embodiments, L 6 is independently substituted or unsubstituted 2 to 3 membered heteroalkylene. In embodiments, L 6 is independently substituted 2 to 3 membered heteroalkylene. In embodiments, L 6 is independently unsubstituted 2 to 3 membered heteroalkylene. In embodiments, L 6 is independently substituted or unsubstituted 4 to 5 membered heteroalkylene. In embodiments, L 6 is independently substituted 4 to 5 membered heteroalkylene. In embodiments, L 6 is independently unsubstituted 4 to 5 membered heteroalkylene. In embodiments, L 6A is independently a bond or unsubstituted alkylene; L 6B is independently a bond, -NHC(O)-, or unsubstituted arylene; L 6C is independently a bond, unsubstituted alkylene, or unsubstituted arylene; L 6D is independently a bond or unsubstituted alkylene; and L 6E is independently a bond or -NHC(O)-. In embodiments, L 6A is independently a bond or unsubstituted alkylene. In embodiments, L 6B is independently a bond, -NHC(O)-, or unsubstituted arylene. In embodiments, L 6C is independently a bond, unsubstituted alkylene, or unsubstituted arylene. In embodiments, L 6D is independently a bond or unsubstituted alkylene. In embodiments, L 6E is independently a bond or -NHC(O)-. In embodiments, L 6A is independently a bond or unsubstituted alkylene (e.g., C 1 -C 20 , C1-C12, C1-C8, C1-C6, C1-C4, or C1-C2). In embodiments, L 6A is independently unsubstituted C1-C20 alkylene. In embodiments, L 6A is independently unsubstituted C1-C12 alkylene. In embodiments, L 6A is independently unsubstituted C 1 -C 8 alkylene. In embodiments, L 6A is independently unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 alkylene. In embodiments, L 6A is independently unsubstituted C1-C4 alkylene. In embodiments, L 6A is independently unsubstituted ethylene. In embodiments, L 6A is independently unsubstituted methylene. In embodiments, L 6A is independently a bond. In embodiments, L 6B is independently a bond. In embodiments, L 6B is independently -NHC(O)-. In embodiments, L 6B is independently unsubstituted arylene (e.g., C 6 -C 12 , C 6 -C 10 , or phenyl). In embodiments, L 6B is independently unsubstituted C 6 -C 12 arylene. In embodiments, L 6B is independently unsubstituted C6-C10 arylene. In embodiments, L 6B is independently unsubstituted phenylene. In embodiments, L 6B is independently unsubstituted naphthylene. In embodiments, L 6B is independently unsubstituted biphenylene. In embodiments, L 6C is independently a bond or unsubstituted alkylene (e.g., C 1 -C 20 , C1-C12, C1-C8, C1-C6, C1-C4, or C1-C2). In embodiments, L 6C is independently unsubstituted C1-C20 alkylene. In embodiments, L 6C is independently unsubstituted C1-C12 alkylene. In embodiments, L 6C is independently unsubstituted C 1 -C 8 alkylene. L 6C is independently unsubstituted C2-C8 alkynylene. In embodiments, L 6C is independently unsubstituted C1-C6 alkylene. In embodiments, L 6C is independently unsubstituted C1-C4 alkylene. In embodiments, L 6C is independently unsubstituted ethylene. In embodiments, L 6C is independently unsubstituted methylene. In embodiments, L 6C is independently a bond or unsubstituted alkynylene (e.g., C2-C20, C2-C12, C2-C8, C2-C6, C2-C4, or C2-C2). In embodiments, L 6C is independently unsubstituted C 2 -C 20 alkynylene. In embodiments, L 6C is independently unsubstituted C 2 -C 12 alkynylene. In embodiments, L 6C is independently unsubstituted C 2 -C 8 alkynylene. In embodiments, L 6C is independently unsubstituted C2-C6 alkynylene. In embodiments, L 6C is independently unsubstituted C2-C4 alkynylene. In embodiments, L 6C is independently unsubstituted ethynylene. In embodiments, L 6C is independently unsubstituted arylene (e.g., C6-C12, C6-C10, or phenyl). In embodiments, L 6C is independently unsubstituted C6-C12 arylene. In embodiments, L 6C is independently unsubstituted C 6 -C 10 arylene. In embodiments, L 6C is independently unsubstituted phenylene. In embodiments, L 6C is independently unsubstituted naphthylene. In embodiments, L 6C is independently a bond. In embodiments, L 6D is independently a bond or unsubstituted alkylene (e.g., C 1 -C 20 , C1-C12, C1-C8, C1-C6, C1-C4, or C1-C2). In embodiments, L 6D is independently unsubstituted C1-C20 alkylene. In embodiments, L 6D is independently unsubstituted C1-C12 alkylene. In embodiments, L 6A is independently unsubstituted C 1 -C 8 alkylene. In embodiments, L 6D is independently unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 alkylene. In embodiments, L 6D is independently unsubstituted C1-C4 alkylene. In embodiments, L 6D is independently unsubstituted ethylene. In embodiments, L 6D is independently unsubstituted methylene. In embodiments, L 6D is independently a bond. In embodiments, L 6E is independently a bond. In embodiments, L 6E is independently -NHC(O)-. In embodiments, L 6A is independently a bond or unsubstituted C 1 -C 8 alkylene. In embodiments, L 6B is independently a bond, -NHC(O)-, or unsubstituted phenylene. In embodiments, L 6C is independently a bond, unsubstituted C2-C8 alkynylene, or unsubstituted phenylene. In embodiments, L 6D is independently a bond or unsubstituted C 1 -C 8 alkylene. In embodiments, L 6E is independently a bond or -NHC(O)-. independently . embodiments, L 6 is independently . In embodiments, L 5 is independently -NHC(O)-. In embodiments, L 5 is independently -C(O)NH-. In embodiments, L 5 is independently substituted or unsubstituted alkylene. In embodiments, L 5 is independently substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkylene. In embodiments, L 5 is independently substituted or unsubstituted alkylene (e.g., C1-C20, C1-C12, C1-C8, C1-C6, C1-C4, or C1-C2). In embodiments, L 5 is independently substituted alkylene (e.g., C 1 -C 20 , C 1 -C 12 , C 1 -C 8 , C 1 -C 6 , C 1 -C 4 , or C 1 -C 2 ). In embodiments, L 5 is independently unsubstituted alkylene (e.g., C1-C20, C1-C12, C1-C8, C1-C6, C1-C4, or C1-C2). In embodiments, L 5 is independently substituted or unsubstituted C1-C20 alkylene. In embodiments, L 5 is independently substituted C 1 -C 20 alkylene. In embodiments, L 5 is independently unsubstituted C 1 -C 20 alkylene. In embodiments, L 5 is independently substituted or unsubstituted C1-C12 alkylene. In embodiments, L 5 is independently substituted C1-C12 alkylene. In embodiments, L 5 is independently unsubstituted C1-C12 alkylene. In embodiments, L 5 is independently substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 8 alkylene. In embodiments, L 5 is independently substituted C1-C8 alkylene. In embodiments, L 5 is independently unsubstituted C1-C8 alkylene. In embodiments, L 5 is independently substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 alkylene. In embodiments, L 5 is independently substituted C 1 -C 6 alkylene. In embodiments, L 5 is independently unsubstituted C1-C6 alkylene. In embodiments, L 5 is independently substituted or unsubstituted C1-C4 alkylene. In embodiments, L 5 is independently substituted C 1 -C 4 alkylene. In embodiments, L 5 is independently unsubstituted C 1 -C 4 alkylene. In embodiments, L 5 is independently substituted or unsubstituted ethylene. In embodiments, L 5 is independently substituted ethylene. In embodiments, L 5 is independently5 unsubstituted ethylene. In embodiments, L 5 is independently substituted or unsubstituted methylene. In embodiments, L 5 is independently substituted methylene. In embodiments, L 5 is independently unsubstituted methylene. In embodiments, L 5 is independently substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkylene (e.g., 2 to 20 membered, 2 to 12 membered, 2 to 8 membered, 2 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 2 to 3 membered, or 4 to 5 membered). In embodiments, L 5 is independently substituted heteroalkylene (e.g., 2 to 20 membered, 2 to 12 membered, 2 to 8 membered, 2 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 2 to 3 membered, or 4 to 5 membered). In embodiments, L 5 is independently unsubstituted heteroalkylene (e.g., 2 to 20 membered, 2 to 12 membered, 2 to 8 membered, 2 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 2 to 3 membered, or 4 to 5 membered). In embodiments, L 5 is independently substituted or unsubstituted 2 to 20 membered heteroalkylene. In embodiments, L 5 is independently substituted 2 to 20 membered heteroalkylene. In embodiments, L 5 is independently unsubstituted 2 to 20 membered heteroalkylene. In embodiments, L 5 is independently substituted or unsubstituted 2 to 8 membered heteroalkylene. In embodiments, L 5 is independently substituted 2 to 8 membered heteroalkylene. In embodiments, L 5 is independently unsubstituted 2 to 8 membered heteroalkylene. In embodiments, L 5 is independently substituted or unsubstituted 2 to 6 membered heteroalkylene. In embodiments, L 5 is independently substituted 2 to 6 membered heteroalkylene. In embodiments, L 5 is independently unsubstituted 2 to 6 membered heteroalkylene. In embodiments, L 5 is independently substituted or unsubstituted 4 to 6 membered heteroalkylene. In embodiments, L 5 is independently substituted 4 to 6 membered heteroalkylene. In embodiments, L 5 is independently unsubstituted 4 to 6 membered heteroalkylene. In embodiments, L 5 is independently substituted or unsubstituted 2 to 3 membered heteroalkylene. In embodiments, L 5 is independently substituted 2 to 3 membered heteroalkylene. In embodiments, L 5 is independently unsubstituted 2 to 3 membered heteroalkylene. In embodiments, L 5 is independently substituted or unsubstituted 4 to 5 membered heteroalkylene. In embodiments, L 5 is independently substituted 4 to 5 membered heteroalkylene. In embodiments, L 5 is independently unsubstituted 4 to 5 membered heteroalkylene. In embodiments, L 5A is independently a bond or unsubstituted alkylene; L 5B is independently a bond, -NHC(O)-, or unsubstituted arylene; L 5C is independently a bond, unsubstituted alkylene, or unsubstituted arylene; L 5D is independently a bond or unsubstituted alkylene; and L 5E is independently a bond or -NHC(O)-. In embodiments, L 5A is independently a bond or unsubstituted alkylene. In embodiments, L 5B is independently a bond, -NHC(O)-, or unsubstituted arylene. In embodiments, L 5C is independently a bond, unsubstituted alkylene, or unsubstituted arylene. In embodiments, L 5D is independently a bond or unsubstituted alkylene. In embodiments, L 5E is independently a bond or -NHC(O)-. In embodiments, L 5A is independently a bond or unsubstituted alkylene (e.g., C 1 -C 20 , C 1 -C 12 , C 1 -C 8 , C 1 -C 6 , C 1 -C 4 , or C 1 -C 2 ). In embodiments, L 5A is independently unsubstituted C1-C20 alkylene. In embodiments, L 5A is independently unsubstituted C1-C12 alkylene. In embodiments, L 5A is independently unsubstituted C1-C8 alkylene. In embodiments, L 5A is independently unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 alkylene. In embodiments, L 5A is independently unsubstituted C1-C4 alkylene. In embodiments, L 5A is independently unsubstituted ethylene. In embodiments, L 5A is independently unsubstituted methylene. In embodiments, L 5A is independently a bond. In embodiments, L 5B is independently a bond. In embodiments, L 5B is independently -NHC(O)-. In embodiments, L 5B is independently unsubstituted arylene (e.g., C 6 -C 12 , C 6 -C 10 , or phenyl). In embodiments, L 5B is independently unsubstituted C 6 -C 12 arylene. In embodiments, L 5B is independently unsubstituted C 6 -C 10 arylene. In embodiments, L 5B is independently unsubstituted phenylene. In embodiments, L 5B is independently unsubstituted naphthylene. In embodiments, L 5C is independently a bond or unsubstituted alkylene (e.g., C 1 -C 20 , C1-C12, C1-C8, C1-C6, C1-C4, or C1-C2). In embodiments, L 5C is independently unsubstituted C1-C20 alkylene. In embodiments, L 5C is independently unsubstituted C1-C12 alkylene. In embodiments, L 5C is independently unsubstituted C 1 -C 8 alkylene. L 5C is independently unsubstituted C2-C8 alkynylene. In embodiments, L 5C is independently unsubstituted C1-C6 alkylene. In embodiments, L 5C is independently unsubstituted C1-C4 alkylene. In embodiments, L 5C is independently unsubstituted ethylene. In embodiments, L 5C is independently unsubstituted methylene. In embodiments, L 5C is independently a bond or unsubstituted alkynylene (e.g., C2-C20, C2-C12, C2-C8, C2-C6, C2-C4, or C2-C2). In embodiments, L 5C is independently unsubstituted C2-C20 alkynylene. In embodiments, L 5C is independently unsubstituted C 2 -C 12 alkynylene. In embodiments, L 5C is independently unsubstituted C2-C8 alkynylene. In embodiments, L 5C is independently unsubstituted C2-C6 alkynylene. In embodiments, L 5C is independently unsubstituted C2-C4 alkynylene. In embodiments, L 5C is independently unsubstituted ethynylene. In embodiments, L 5C is independently unsubstituted arylene (e.g., C6-C12, C6-C10, or phenyl). In embodiments, L 5C is independently unsubstituted C6-C12 arylene. In embodiments, L 5C is independently unsubstituted C 6 -C 10 arylene. In embodiments, L 5C is independently unsubstituted phenylene. In embodiments, L 5C is independently unsubstituted naphthylene. In embodiments, L 5C is independently a bond. In embodiments, L 5D is independently a bond or unsubstituted alkylene (e.g., C 1 -C 20 , C 1 -C 12 , C 1 -C 8 , C 1 -C 6 , C 1 -C 4 , or C 1 -C 2 ). In embodiments, L 5D is independently unsubstituted C1-C20 alkylene. In embodiments, L 5D is independently unsubstituted C1-C12 alkylene. In embodiments, L 5A is independently unsubstituted C1-C8 alkylene. In embodiments, L 5D is independently unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 alkylene. In embodiments, L 5D is independently unsubstituted C1-C4 alkylene. In embodiments, L 5D is independently unsubstituted ethylene. In embodiments, L 5D is independently unsubstituted methylene. In embodiments, L 5D is independently a bond. In embodiments, L 5E is independently a bond. In embodiments, L 5E is independently -NHC(O)-. In embodiments, L 5A is independently a bond or unsubstituted C 1 -C 8 alkylene. In embodiments, L 5B is independently a bond, -NHC(O)-, or unsubstituted phenylene. In embodiments, L 5C is independently a bond, unsubstituted C2-C8 alkynylene, or unsubstituted phenylene. In embodiments, L 5D is independently a bond or unsubstituted C1-C8 alkylene. In embodiments, L 5E is independently a bond or -NHC(O)-. In embodiments, L 5 is independently a bond, , independently a bond. In embodiments, L 5 is independently . embodiments, L 5 is independently . embodiments, L 5 is independently . embodiments, L 5 is independently . In embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted alkyl (e.g., C 1 -C 25 , C 1 -C 20 , C 1 -C 17 , C 1 -C 12 , C1-C8, C1-C6, C1-C4, or C1-C2). In embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted unbranched alkyl (e.g., C1-C25, C1-C20, C1-C17, C1-C12, C1-C8, C1-C6, C1-C4, or C1-C2). In embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted unbranched saturated alkyl (e.g., C 1 -C 25 , C 1 -C 20 , C 1 -C 17 , C 1 -C 12 , C 1 -C 8 , C 1 -C 6 , C 1 -C 4 , or C 1 -C 2 ). In embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted unbranched unsaturated alkyl (e.g., C1-C25, C1-C20, C1-C17, C1-C12, C1-C8, C1-C6, C1-C4, or C1-C2). In embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted C1-C17 alkyl. In embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted C 11 -C 17 alkyl. In embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted C 13 -C 17 alkyl. In embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted C14-C15 alkyl. In embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted C15 alkyl. In embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted C14 alkyl. In embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted unbranched C 1 -C 17 alkyl. In embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted unbranched C11-C17 alkyl. In embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted unbranched C13-C17 alkyl. In embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted unbranched C14-C15 alkyl. In embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted unbranched C 14 alkyl. In embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted unbranched C 15 alkyl. In embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted unbranched saturated C1-C17 alkyl. In embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted unbranched saturated C 11 -C 17 alkyl. In embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted unbranched saturated C 13 -C 17 alkyl. In embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted unbranched saturated C 14 -C 15 alkyl. In embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted unbranched saturated C14 alkyl. In embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted unbranched saturated C15 alkyl. In embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted unbranched unsaturated C1-C17 alkyl. In embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted unbranched unsaturated C 11 -C 17 alkyl. In embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted unbranched unsaturated C 13 -C 17 alkyl. In embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted unbranched unsaturated C14-C15 alkyl. In embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted unbranched unsaturated C14 alkyl. In embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted unbranched unsaturated C15 alkyl. In embodiments, R 2 is unsubstituted alkyl (e.g., C 1 -C 25 , C 1 -C 20 , C 1 -C 17 , C 1 -C 12 , C1-C8, C1-C6, C1-C4, or C1-C2). In embodiments, R 2 is unsubstituted unbranched alkyl (e.g., C1-C25, C1-C20, C1-C17, C1-C12, C1-C8, C1-C6, C1-C4, or C1-C2). In embodiments, R 2 is unsubstituted unbranched saturated alkyl (e.g., C 1 -C 25 , C 1 -C 20 , C 1 -C 17 , C 1 -C 12 , C 1 -C 8 , C 1 -C 6 , C1-C4, or C1-C2). In embodiments, R 2 is unsubstituted unbranched unsaturated alkyl (e.g., C1-C25, C 1 -C 20 , C 1 -C 17 , C 1 -C 12 , C 1 -C 8 , C 1 -C 6 , C 1 -C 4 , or C 1 -C 2 ). In embodiments, R 2 is unsubstituted C 1 -C 17 alkyl. In embodiments, R 2 is unsubstituted C11-C17 alkyl. In embodiments, R 2 is unsubstituted C13-C17 alkyl. In embodiments, R 2 is unsubstituted C14-C15 alkyl. In embodiments, R 2 is unsubstituted C14 alkyl. In embodiments, R 2 is unsubstituted C 15 alkyl. In embodiments, R 2 is unsubstituted unbranched C1-C17 alkyl. In embodiments, R 2 is unsubstituted unbranched C11-C17 alkyl. In embodiments, R 2 is unsubstituted unbranched C 13 -C 17 alkyl. In embodiments, R 2 is unsubstituted unbranched C 14 -C 15 alkyl. In embodiments, R 2 is unsubstituted unbranched C14 alkyl. In embodiments, R 2 is unsubstituted unbranched C15 alkyl. In embodiments, R 2 is unsubstituted unbranched saturated C 1 -C 17 alkyl. In embodiments, R 2 is unsubstituted unbranched saturated C 11 -C 17 alkyl. In embodiments, R 2 is unsubstituted unbranched saturated C13-C17 alkyl. In embodiments, R 2 is unsubstituted unbranched saturated C14-C15 alkyl. In embodiments, R 2 is unsubstituted unbranched saturated C 14 alkyl. In embodiments, R 2 is unsubstituted unbranched saturated C 15 alkyl. In embodiments, R 2 is unsubstituted unbranched unsaturated C1-C17 alkyl. In embodiments, R 2 is unsubstituted unbranched unsaturated C11-C17 alkyl. In embodiments, R 2 is unsubstituted unbranched unsaturated C 13 -C 17 alkyl. In embodiments, R 2 is unsubstituted unbranched unsaturated C14-C15 alkyl. In embodiments, R 2 is unsubstituted unbranched unsaturated C14 alkyl. In embodiments, R 2 is unsubstituted unbranched unsaturated C15 alkyl. In embodiments, at least one of R 1 and R 2 is unsubstituted C 1 -C 19 alkyl. In embodiments, at least one of R 1 and R 2 is unsubstituted C9-C19 alkyl. In embodiments, at least one of R 1 and R 2 is unsubstituted C11-C19 alkyl. In embodiments, at least one of R 1 and R 2 is unsubstituted C 13 -C 19 alkyl. In embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted C 1 -C 19 alkyl. In embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted C9-C19 alkyl. In embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted C11-C19 alkyl. In embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted C13-C19 alkyl. In embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted unbranched C 1 -C 19 alkyl. In embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted unbranched C 9 -C 19 alkyl. In embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted unbranched C11-C19 alkyl. In embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted unbranched C13-C19 alkyl. In embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted unbranched saturated C 1 -C 19 alkyl. In embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted unbranched saturated C 9 -C 19 alkyl. In embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted unbranched saturated C11-C19 alkyl. In embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted unbranched saturated C13-C19 alkyl. In embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted unbranched unsaturated C 1 -C 19 alkyl. In embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted unbranched unsaturated C 9 -C 19 alkyl. In embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted unbranched unsaturated C11-C19 alkyl. In embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted unbranched unsaturated C13-C19 alkyl. In embodiments, R 2 is unsubstituted C 1 -C 19 alkyl. In embodiments, R 2 is unsubstituted C9-C19 alkyl. In embodiments, R 2 is unsubstituted C11-C19 alkyl. In embodiments, R 2 is unsubstituted C13-C19 alkyl. In embodiments, R 2 is unsubstituted unbranched C 1 -C 19 alkyl. In embodiments, R 2 is unsubstituted unbranched C 9 -C 19 alkyl. In embodiments, R 2 is unsubstituted unbranched C11-C19 alkyl. In embodiments, R 2 is unsubstituted unbranched C13-C19 alkyl. In embodiments, R 2 is unsubstituted unbranched saturated C 1 -C 19 alkyl. In embodiments, R 2 is unsubstituted unbranched saturated C 9 -C 19 alkyl. In embodiments, R 2 is unsubstituted unbranched saturated C 11 -C 19 alkyl. In embodiments, R 2 is unsubstituted unbranched saturated C13-C19 alkyl. In embodiments, R 2 is unsubstituted unbranched unsaturated C1-C19 alkyl. In embodiments, R 2 is unsubstituted unbranched unsaturated C 9 -C 19 alkyl. In embodiments, R 2 is unsubstituted unbranched unsaturated C11-C19 alkyl. In embodiments, R 2 is unsubstituted unbranched unsaturated C13-C19 alkyl. L 1A is independently a bond, -N(R 20 )-, -O-, -S-, -C(O)-, -N(R 20 )C(O)-, -C(O)N(R 21 )-, -N(R 20 )C(O)N(R 21 )-, -C(O)O-, -OC(O)-, -N(R 20 )C(O)O-, -OC(O)N(R 21 )-, -OPO2-O-, -O-P(O)(S)-O-, -O-P(O)(R 22 )-O-, -O-P(S)(R 22 )-O-, -O-P(O)(NR 20 R 21 )-N-, -O-P(S)(NR 20 R 21 )-N-, -O-P(O)(NR 20 R 21 )-O-, -O-P(S)(NR 20 R 21 )-O-, -P(O)(NR 20 R 21 )-N-, -P(S)(NR 20 R 21 )-N-, -P(O)(NR 20 R 21 )-O-, -P(S)(NR 20 R 21 )-O-,-S-S-, substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted alkylene (e.g., C 1 -C 20 , C 1 -C 12 , C 1 -C 8 , C 1 -C 6 , C 1 -C 4 , or C 1 -C 2 ), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted heteroalkylene (e.g., 2 to 20 membered, 2 to 12 membered, 2 to 8 membered, 2 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 2 to 3 membered, or 4 to 5 membered), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted cycloalkylene (e.g., C3-C10, C3-C8, C3-C6, C4-C6, or C5-C6), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted heterocycloalkylene (e.g., 3 to 10 membered, 3 to 8 membered, 3 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 4 to 5 membered, or 5 to 6 membered), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted arylene (e.g., C 6 -C 12 , C 6 -C 10 , or phenyl), or substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted heteroarylene (e.g., 5 to 12 membered, 5 to 10 membered, 5 to 9 membered, or 5 to 6 membered). In embodiments, L 1A is independently a bond, -N(R 20 )-, -O-, -S-, -C(O)-, -N(R 20 )C(O)-, -C(O)N(R 21 )-, -N(R 20 )C(O)N(R 21 )-, -C(O)O-, -OC(O)-, -N(R 20 )C(O)O-, -OC(O)N(R 21 )-, -OPO2-O-, -O-P(O)(S)-O-, -O-P(O)(R 22 )-O-, -O-P(S)(R 22 )-O-, -O-P(O)(NR 20 R 21 )-N-, -O-P(S)(NR 20 R 21 )-N-, -O-P(O)(NR 20 R 21 )-O-, -O-P(S)(NR 20 R 21 )-O-, -P(O)(NR 20 R 21 )-N-, -P(S)(NR 20 R 21 )-N-, -P(O)(NR 20 R 21 )-O-, -P(S)(NR 20 R 21 )-O-,-S-S-, substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) alkylene (e.g., C1-C20, C1-C12, C1-C8, C1-C6, C 1 -C 4 , or C 1 -C 2 ), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) heteroalkylene (e.g., 2 to 20 membered, 2 to 12 membered, 2 to 8 membered, 2 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 2 to 3 membered, or 4 to 5 membered), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) cycloalkylene (e.g., C 3 -C 10 , C 3 -C 8 , C 3 -C 6 , C 4 -C 6 , or C5-C6), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) heterocycloalkylene (e.g., 3 to 10 membered, 3 to 8 membered, 3 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 4 to 5 membered, or 5 to 6 membered), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) arylene (e.g., C6-C12, C6-C10, or phenyl), or substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) heteroarylene (e.g., 5 to 12 membered, 5 to 10 membered, 5 to 9 membered, or 5 to 6 membered). In embodiments, L 1A is independently a bond, -N(R 20 )-, -O-, -S-, -C(O)-, -N(R 20 )C(O)-, -C(O)N(R 21 )-, -N(R 20 )C(O)N(R 21 )-, -C(O)O-, -OC(O)-, -N(R 20 )C(O)O-, -OC(O)N(R 21 )-, -OPO 2 -O-, -O-P(O)(S)-O-, -O-P(O)(R 22 )-O-, -O-P(S)(R 22 )-O-, -O-P(O)(NR 20 R 21 )-N-, -O-P(S)(NR 20 R 21 )-N-, -O-P(O)(NR 20 R 21 )-O-, -O-P(S)(NR 20 R 21 )-O-, -P(O)(NR 20 R 21 )-N-, -P(S)(NR 20 R 21 )-N-, -P(O)(NR 20 R 21 )-O-, -P(S)(NR 20 R 21 )-O-,-S-S-, unsubstituted heteroalkylene (e.g., 2 to 20 membered, 2 to 12 membered, 2 to 8 membered, 2 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 2 to 3 membered, or 4 to 5 membered), unsubstituted cycloalkylene (e.g., C3-C10, C3-C8, C3-C6, C4-C6, or C5-C6), unsubstituted heterocycloalkylene (e.g., 3 to 10 membered, 3 to 8 membered, 3 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 4 to 5 membered, or 5 to 6 membered), unsubstituted arylene (e.g., C6-C12, C6-C10, or phenyl), or unsubstituted heteroarylene (e.g., 5 to 12 membered, 5 to 10 membered, 5 to 9 membered, or 5 to 6 membered). In embodiments, when L 1A is substituted, L 1A is substituted with a substituent group. In embodiments, when L 1A is substituted, L 1A is substituted with a size-limited substituent group. In embodiments, when L 1A is substituted, L 1A is substituted with a lower substituent group. L 1B is independently a bond, -N(R 20 )-, -O-, -S-, -C(O)-, -N(R 20 )C(O)-, -C(O)N(R 21 )-, -N(R 20 )C(O)N(R 21 )-, -C(O)O-, -OC(O)-, -N(R 20 )C(O)O-, -OC(O)N(R 21 )-, -OPO2-O-, -O-P(O)(S)-O-, -O-P(O)(R 22 )-O-, -O-P(S)(R 22 )-O-, -O-P(O)(NR 20 R 21 )-N-, -O-P(S)(NR 20 R 21 )-N-, -O-P(O)(NR 20 R 21 )-O-, -O-P(S)(NR 20 R 21 )-O-, -P(O)(NR 20 R 21 )-N-, -P(S)(NR 20 R 21 )-N-, -P(O)(NR 20 R 21 )-O-, -P(S)(NR 20 R 21 )-O-,-S-S-, substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted alkylene (e.g., C 1 -C 20 , C 1 -C 12 , C 1 -C 8 , C 1 -C 6 , C 1 -C 4 , or C 1 -C 2 ), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted heteroalkylene (e.g., 2 to 20 membered, 2 to 12 membered, 2 to 8 membered, 2 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 2 to 3 membered, or 4 to 5 membered), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted cycloalkylene (e.g., C3-C10, C3-C8, C3-C6, C4-C6, or C5-C6), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted heterocycloalkylene (e.g., 3 to 10 membered, 3 to 8 membered, 3 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 4 to 5 membered, or 5 to 6 membered), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted arylene (e.g., C 6 -C 12 , C 6 -C 10 , or phenyl), or substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted heteroarylene (e.g., 5 to 12 membered, 5 to 10 membered, 5 to 9 membered, or 5 to 6 membered). In embodiments, L 1B is independently a bond, -N(R 20 )-, -O-, -S-, -C(O)-, -N(R 20 )C(O)-, -C(O)N(R 21 )-, -N(R 20 )C(O)N(R 21 )-, -C(O)O-, -OC(O)-, -N(R 20 )C(O)O-, -OC(O)N(R 21 )-, -OPO2-O-, -O-P(O)(S)-O-, -O-P(O)(R 22 )-O-, -O-P(S)(R 22 )-O-, -O-P(O)(NR 20 R 21 )-N-, -O-P(S)(NR 20 R 21 )-N-, -O-P(O)(NR 20 R 21 )-O-, -O-P(S)(NR 20 R 21 )-O-, -P(O)(NR 20 R 21 )-N-, -P(S)(NR 20 R 21 )-N-, -P(O)(NR 20 R 21 )-O-, -P(S)(NR 20 R 21 )-O-,-S-S-, substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) alkylene (e.g., C1-C20, C1-C12, C1-C8, C1-C6, C 1 -C 4 , or C 1 -C 2 ), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) heteroalkylene (e.g., 2 to 20 membered, 2 to 12 membered, 2 to 8 membered, 2 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 2 to 3 membered, or 4 to 5 membered), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) cycloalkylene (e.g., C 3 -C 10 , C 3 -C 8 , C 3 -C 6 , C 4 -C 6 , or C5-C6), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) heterocycloalkylene (e.g., 3 to 10 membered, 3 to 8 membered, 3 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 4 to 5 membered, or 5 to 6 membered), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) arylene (e.g., C6-C12, C6-C10, or phenyl), or substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) heteroarylene (e.g., 5 to 12 membered, 5 to 10 membered, 5 to 9 membered, or 5 to 6 membered). In embodiments, L 1B is independently a bond, -N(R 20 )-, -O-, -S-, -C(O)-, -N(R 20 )C(O)-, -C(O)N(R 21 )-, -N(R 20 )C(O)N(R 21 )-, -C(O)O-, -OC(O)-, -N(R 20 )C(O)O-, -OC(O)N(R 21 )-, -OPO 2 -O-, -O-P(O)(S)-O-, -O-P(O)(R 22 )-O-, -O-P(S)(R 22 )-O-, -O-P(O)(NR 20 R 21 )-N-, -O-P(S)(NR 20 R 21 )-N-, -O-P(O)(NR 20 R 21 )-O-, -O-P(S)(NR 20 R 21 )-O-, -P(O)(NR 20 R 21 )-N-, -P(S)(NR 20 R 21 )-N-, -P(O)(NR 20 R 21 )-O-, -P(S)(NR 20 R 21 )-O-,-S-S-, unsubstituted alkylene (e.g., C 1 -C 20 , C 1 -C 12 , C 1 -C 8 , C 1 -C 6 , C 1 -C 4 , or C 1 -C 2 ), unsubstituted heteroalkylene (e.g., 2 to 20 membered, 2 to 12 membered, 2 to 8 membered, 2 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 2 to 3 membered, or 4 to 5 membered), unsubstituted cycloalkylene (e.g., C 3 -C 10 , C 3 -C 8 , C 3 -C 6 , C 4 -C 6 , or C 5 -C 6 ), unsubstituted heterocycloalkylene (e.g., 3 to 10 membered, 3 to 8 membered, 3 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 4 to 5 membered, or 5 to 6 membered), unsubstituted arylene (e.g., C6-C12, C 6 -C 10 , or phenyl), or unsubstituted heteroarylene (e.g., 5 to 12 membered, 5 to 10 membered, 5 to 9 membered, or 5 to 6 membered). In embodiments, when L 1B is substituted, L 1B is substituted with a substituent group. In embodiments, when L 1B is substituted, L 1B is substituted with a size-limited substituent group. In embodiments, when L 1B is substituted, L 1B is substituted with a lower substituent group. L 1C is independently a bond, -N(R 20 )-, -O-, -S-, -C(O)-, -N(R 20 )C(O)-, -C(O)N(R 21 )-, -N(R 20 )C(O)N(R 21 )-, -C(O)O-, -OC(O)-, -N(R 20 )C(O)O-, -OC(O)N(R 21 )-, -OPO 2 -O-, -O-P(O)(S)-O-, -O-P(O)(R 22 )-O-, -O-P(S)(R 22 )-O-, -O-P(O)(NR 20 R 21 )-N-, -O-P(S)(NR 20 R 21 )-N-, -O-P(O)(NR 20 R 21 )-O-, -O-P(S)(NR 20 R 21 )-O-, -P(O)(NR 20 R 21 )-N-, -P(S)(NR 20 R 21 )-N-, -P(O)(NR 20 R 21 )-O-, -P(S)(NR 20 R 21 )-O-,-S-S-, substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted alkylene (e.g., C1-C20, C1-C12, C1-C8, C1-C6, C1-C4, or C1-C2), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted heteroalkylene (e.g., 2 to 20 membered, 2 to 12 membered, 2 to 8 membered, 2 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 2 to 3 membered, or 4 to 5 membered), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted cycloalkylene (e.g., C3-C10, C3-C8, C3-C6, C 4 -C 6 , or C 5 -C 6 ), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted heterocycloalkylene (e.g., 3 to 10 membered, 3 to 8 membered, 3 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 4 to 5 membered, or 5 to 6 membered), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted arylene (e.g., C6-C12, C6-C10, or phenyl), or substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted heteroarylene (e.g., 5 to 12 membered, 5 to 10 membered, 5 to 9 membered, or 5 to 6 membered). In embodiments, L 1C is independently a bond, -N(R 20 )-, -O-, -S-, -C(O)-, -N(R 20 )C(O)-, -C(O)N(R 21 )-, -N(R 20 )C(O)N(R 21 )-, -C(O)O-, -OC(O)-, -N(R 20 )C(O)O-, -OC(O)N(R 21 )-, -OPO2-O-, -O-P(O)(S)-O-, -O-P(O)(R 22 )-O-, -O-P(S)(R 22 )-O-, -O-P(O)(NR 20 R 21 )-N-, -O-P(S)(NR 20 R 21 )-N-, -O-P(O)(NR 20 R 21 )-O-, -O-P(S)(NR 20 R 21 )-O-, -P(O)(NR 20 R 21 )-N-, -P(S)(NR 20 R 21 )-N-, -P(O)(NR 20 R 21 )-O-, -P(S)(NR 20 R 21 )-O-,-S-S-, substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) alkylene (e.g., C 1 -C 20 , C 1 -C 12 , C 1 -C 8 , C 1 -C 6 , C1-C4, or C1-C2), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) heteroalkylene (e.g., 2 to 20 membered, 2 to 12 membered, 2 to 8 membered, 2 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 2 to 3 membered, or 4 to 5 membered), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) cycloalkylene (e.g., C3-C10, C3-C8, C3-C6, C4-C6, or C 5 -C 6 ), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) heterocycloalkylene (e.g., 3 to 10 membered, 3 to 8 membered, 3 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 4 to 5 membered, or 5 to 6 membered), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) arylene (e.g., C 6 -C 12 , C 6 -C 10 , or phenyl), or substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) heteroarylene (e.g., 5 to 12 membered, 5 to 10 membered, 5 to 9 membered, or 5 to 6 membered). In embodiments, L 1C is independently a bond, N(R 20 )-, -O-, -S-, -C(O)-, -N(R 20 )C(O)-, -C(O)N(R 21 )-, -N(R 20 )C(O)N(R 21 )-, -C(O)O-, -OC(O)-, -N(R 20 )C(O)O-, -OC(O)N(R 21 )-, -OPO2-O-, -O-P(O)(S)-O-, -O-P(O)(R 22 )-O-, -O-P(S)(R 22 )-O-, -O-P(O)(NR 20 R 21 )-N-, -O-P(S)(NR 20 R 21 )-N-, -O-P(O)(NR 20 R 21 )-O-, -O-P(S)(NR 20 R 21 )-O-, -P(O)(NR 20 R 21 )-N-, -P(S)(NR 20 R 21 )-N-, -P(O)(NR 20 R 21 )-O-, -P(S)(NR 20 R 21 )-O-,-S-S-, unsubstituted alkylene (e.g., C1-C20, C1-C12, C1-C8, C1-C6, C1-C4, or C1-C2), unsubstituted heteroalkylene (e.g., 2 to 20 membered, 2 to 12 membered, 2 to 8 membered, 2 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 2 to 3 membered, or 4 to 5 membered), unsubstituted cycloalkylene (e.g., C3-C10, C3-C8, C3-C6, C4-C6, or C5-C6), unsubstituted heterocycloalkylene (e.g., 3 to 10 membered, 3 to 8 membered, 3 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 4 to 5 membered, or 5 to 6 membered), unsubstituted arylene (e.g., C 6 -C 12 , C6-C10, or phenyl), or unsubstituted heteroarylene (e.g., 5 to 12 membered, 5 to 10 membered, 5 to 9 membered, or 5 to 6 membered). In embodiments, when L 1C is substituted, L 1C is substituted with a substituent group. In embodiments, when L 1C is substituted, L 1C is substituted with a size-limited substituent group. In embodiments, when L 1C is substituted, L 1C is substituted with a lower substituent group. R 1C is independently substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted alkyl (e.g., C 1 -C 20 , C1-C12, C1-C8, C1-C6, C1-C4, or C1-C2), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted heteroalkyl (e.g., 2 to 20 membered, 2 to 12 membered, 2 to 8 membered, 2 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 2 to 3 membered, or 4 to 5 membered), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted cycloalkyl (e.g., C 3 -C 10 , C 3 -C 8 , C 3 -C 6 , C 4 -C 6 , or C 5 -C 6 ), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl (e.g., 3 to 10 membered, 3 to 8 membered, 3 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 4 to 5 membered, or 5 to 6 membered), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted aryl (e.g., C6-C12, C6-C10, or phenyl), or substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted heteroaryl (e.g., 5 to 12 membered, 5 to 10 membered, 5 to 9 membered, or 5 to 6 membered). In embodiments, R 1C is independently substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) alkyl (e.g., C 1 -C 20 , C 1 -C 12 , C 1 -C 8 , C 1 -C 6 , C 1 -C 4 , or C 1 -C 2 ), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) heteroalkyl (e.g., 2 to 20 membered, 2 to 12 membered, 2 to 8 membered, 2 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 2 to 3 membered, or 4 to 5 membered), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) cycloalkyl (e.g., C 3 -C 10 , C 3 -C 8 , C3-C6, C4-C6, or C5-C6), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) heterocycloalkyl (e.g., 3 to 10 membered, 3 to 8 membered, 3 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 4 to 5 membered, or 5 to 6 membered), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) aryl (e.g., C6-C12, C6-C10, or phenyl), or substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) heteroaryl (e.g., 5 to 12 membered, 5 to 10 membered, 5 to 9 membered, or 5 to 6 membered). In embodiments, R 1C is independently unsubstituted alkyl (e.g., C1-C20, C1-C12, C 1 -C 8 , C 1 -C 6 , C 1 -C 4 , or C 1 -C 2 ), unsubstituted heteroalkyl (e.g., 2 to 20 membered, 2 to 12 membered, 2 to 8 membered, 2 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 2 to 3 membered, or 4 to 5 membered), unsubstituted cycloalkyl (e.g., C3-C10, C3-C8, C3-C6, C4-C6, or C5-C6), unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl (e.g., 3 to 10 membered, 3 to 8 membered, 3 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 4 to 5 membered, or 5 to 6 membered), unsubstituted aryl (e.g., C 6 -C 12 , C6-C10, or phenyl), or unsubstituted heteroaryl (e.g., 5 to 12 membered, 5 to 10 membered, 5 to 9 membered, or 5 to 6 membered). In embodiments, when R 1C is substituted, R 1C is substituted with a substituent group. In embodiments, when R 1C is substituted, R 1C is substituted with a size-limited substituent group. In embodiments, when R 1C is substituted, R 1C is substituted with a lower substituent group. In embodiments, R 1C is substituted with oxo (=O). L 1D is independently a bond, -N(R 20 )-, -O-, -S-, -C(O)-, -N(R 20 )C(O)-, -C(O)N(R 21 )-, -N(R 20 )C(O)N(R 21 )-, -C(O)O-, -OC(O)-, -N(R 20 )C(O)O-, -OC(O)N(R 21 )-, -OPO 2 -O-, -O-P(O)(S)-O-, -O-P(O)(R 22 )-O-, -O-P(S)(R 22 )-O-, -O-P(O)(NR 20 R 21 )-N-, -O-P(S)(NR 20 R 21 )-N-, -O-P(O)(NR 20 R 21 )-O-, -O-P(S)(NR 20 R 21 )-O-, -P(O)(NR 20 R 21 )-N-, -P(S)(NR 20 R 21 )-N-, -P(O)(NR 20 R 21 )-O-, -P(S)(NR 20 R 21 )-O-,-S-S-, substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted alkylene (e.g., C1-C20, C1-C12, C1-C8, C1-C6, C1-C4, or C1-C2), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted heteroalkylene (e.g., 2 to 20 membered, 2 to 12 membered, 2 to 8 membered, 2 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 2 to 3 membered, or 4 to 5 membered), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted cycloalkylene (e.g., C 3 -C 10 , C 3 -C 8 , C 3 -C 6 , C 4 -C 6 , or C 5 -C 6 ), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted heterocycloalkylene (e.g., 3 to 10 membered, 3 to 8 membered, 3 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 4 to 5 membered, or 5 to 6 membered), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted arylene (e.g., C6-C12, C6-C10, or phenyl), or substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted heteroarylene (e.g., 5 to 12 membered, 5 to 10 membered, 5 to 9 membered, or 5 to 6 membered). In embodiments, L 1D is independently a bond, -N(R 20 )-, -O-, -S-, -C(O)-, -N(R 20 )C(O)-, -C(O)N(R 21 )-, -(R 20 )C(O)N(R 21 )-, -C(O)O-, -OC(O)-, -N(R 20 )C(O)O-, -OC(O)N(R 21 )-, -OPO 2 -O-, -O-P(O)(S)-O-, -O-P(O)(R 22 )-O-, -O-P(S)(R 22 )-O-, -O-P(O)(NR 20 R 21 )-N-, -O-P(S)(NR 20 R 21 )-N-, -O-P(O)(NR 20 R 21 )-O-, -O-P(S)(NR 20 R 21 )-O-, -P(O)(NR 20 R 21 )-N-, -P(S)(NR 20 R 21 )-N-, -P(O)(NR 20 R 21 )-O-, -P(S)(NR 20 R 21 )-O-,-S-S-, substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) alkylene (e.g., C 1 -C 20 , C 1 -C 12 , C 1 -C 8 , C 1 -C 6 , C 1 -C 4 , or C 1 -C 2 ), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) heteroalkylene (e.g., 2 to 20 membered, 2 to 12 membered, 2 to 8 membered, 2 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 2 to 3 membered, or 4 to 5 membered), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) cycloalkylene (e.g., C3-C10, C3-C8, C3-C6, C4-C6, or C 5 -C 6 ), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) heterocycloalkylene (e.g., 3 to 10 membered, 3 to 8 membered, 3 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 4 to 5 membered, or 5 to 6 membered), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) arylene (e.g., C 6 -C 12 , C 6 -C 10 , or phenyl), or substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) heteroarylene (e.g., 5 to 12 membered, 5 to 10 membered, 5 to 9 membered, or 5 to 6 membered). In embodiments, L 1D is independently a bond, -N(R 20 )-, -O-, -S-, -C(O)-, -N(R 20 )C(O)-, -C(O)N(R 21 )-, -N(R 20 )C(O)N(R 21 )-, -C(O)O-, -OC(O)-, -N(R 20 )C(O)O-, -OC(O)N(R 21 )-, -OPO2-O-, -O-P(O)(S)-O-, -O-P(O)(R 22 )-O-, -O-P(S)(R 22 )-O-, -O-P(O)(NR 20 R 21 )-N-, -O-P(S)(NR 20 R 21 )-N-, -O-P(O)(NR 20 R 21 )-O-, -O-P(S)(NR 20 R 21 )-O-, -P(O)(NR 20 R 21 )-N-, -P(S)(NR 20 R 21 )-N-, -P(O)(NR 20 R 21 )-O-, -P(S)(NR 20 R 21 )-O-,-S-S-, unsubstituted alkylene (e.g., C1-C20, C1-C12, C1-C8, C1-C6, C1-C4, or C1-C2), unsubstituted heteroalkylene (e.g., 2 to 20 membered, 2 to 12 membered, 2 to 8 membered, 2 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 2 to 3 membered, or 4 to 5 membered), unsubstituted cycloalkylene (e.g., C3-C10, C3-C8, C3-C6, C4-C6, or C5-C6), unsubstituted heterocycloalkylene (e.g., 3 to 10 membered, 3 to 8 membered, 3 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 4 to 5 membered, or 5 to 6 membered), unsubstituted arylene (e.g., C 6 -C 12 , C6-C10, or phenyl), or unsubstituted heteroarylene (e.g., 5 to 12 membered, 5 to 10 membered, 5 to 9 membered, or 5 to 6 membered). In embodiments, when L 1D is substituted, L 1D is substituted with a substituent group. In embodiments, when L 1D is substituted, L 1D is substituted with a size-limited substituent group. In embodiments, when L 1D is substituted, L 1D is substituted with a lower substituent group. R 1D is independently substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted alkyl (e.g., C 1 -C 20 , C1-C12, C1-C8, C1-C6, C1-C4, or C1-C2), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted heteroalkyl (e.g., 2 to 20 membered, 2 to 12 membered, 2 to 8 membered, 2 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 2 to 3 membered, or 4 to 5 membered), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted cycloalkyl (e.g., C 3 -C 10 , C 3 -C 8 , C 3 -C 6 , C 4 -C 6 , or C 5 -C 6 ), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl (e.g., 3 to 10 membered, 3 to 8 membered, 3 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 4 to 5 membered, or 5 to 6 membered), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted aryl (e.g., C6-C12, C6-C10, or phenyl), or substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted heteroaryl (e.g., 5 to 12 membered, 5 to 10 membered, 5 to 9 membered, or 5 to 6 membered). In embodiments, R 1D is independently substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) alkyl (e.g., C 1 -C 20 , C 1 -C 12 , C 1 -C 8 , C 1 -C 6 , C 1 -C 4 , or C 1 -C 2 ), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) heteroalkyl (e.g., 2 to 20 membered, 2 to 12 membered, 2 to 8 membered, 2 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 2 to 3 membered, or 4 to 5 membered), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) cycloalkyl (e.g., C3-C10, C3-C8, C3-C6, C4-C6, or C5-C6), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) heterocycloalkyl (e.g., 3 to 10 membered, 3 to 8 membered, 3 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 4 to 5 membered, or 5 to 6 membered), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) aryl (e.g., C6-C12, C6-C10, or phenyl), or substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) heteroaryl (e.g., 5 to 12 membered, 5 to 10 membered, 5 to 9 membered, or 5 to 6 membered). In embodiments, R 1D is independently unsubstituted alkyl (e.g., C1-C20, C1-C12, C 1 -C 8 , C 1 -C 6 , C 1 -C 4 , or C 1 -C 2 ), unsubstituted heteroalkyl (e.g., 2 to 20 membered, 2 to 12 membered, 2 to 8 membered, 2 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 2 to 3 membered, or 4 to 5 membered), unsubstituted cycloalkyl (e.g., C3-C10, C3-C8, C3-C6, C4-C6, or C5-C6), unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl (e.g., 3 to 10 membered, 3 to 8 membered, 3 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 4 to 5 membered, or 5 to 6 membered), unsubstituted aryl (e.g., C 6 -C 12 , C 6 -C 10 , or phenyl), or unsubstituted heteroaryl (e.g., 5 to 12 membered, 5 to 10 membered, 5 to 9 membered, or 5 to 6 membered). In embodiments, when R 1D is substituted, R 1D is substituted with a substituent group. In embodiments, when R 1D is substituted, R 1D is substituted with a size-limited substituent group. In embodiments, when R 1D is substituted, R 1D is substituted with a lower substituent group. L 1E is independently a bond, -N(R 20 )-, -O-, -S-, -C(O)-, -N(R 20 )C(O)-, -C(O)N(R 21 )-, -N(R 20 )C(O)N(R 21 )-, -C(O)O-, -OC(O)-, -N(R 20 )C(O)O-, -OC(O)N(R 21 )-, -OPO2-O-, -O-P(O)(S)-O-, -O-P(O)(R 22 )-O-, -O-P(S)(R 22 )-O-, -O-P(O)(NR 20 R 21 )-N-, -O-P(S)(NR 20 R 21 )-N-, -O-P(O)(NR 20 R 21 )-O-, -O-P(S)(NR 20 R 21 )-O-, -P(O)(NR 20 R 21 )-N-, -P(S)(NR 20 R 21 )-N-, -P(O)(NR 20 R 21 )-O-, -P(S)(NR 20 R 21 )-O-,-S-S-, substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted alkylene (e.g., C 1 -C 20 , C 1 -C 12 , C 1 -C 8 , C 1 -C 6 , C 1 -C 4 , or C 1 -C 2 ), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted heteroalkylene (e.g., 2 to 20 membered, 2 to 12 membered, 2 to 8 membered, 2 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 2 to 3 membered, or 4 to 5 membered), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted cycloalkylene (e.g., C3-C10, C3-C8, C3-C6, C4-C6, or C5-C6), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted heterocycloalkylene (e.g., 3 to 10 membered, 3 to 8 membered, 3 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 4 to 5 membered, or 5 to 6 membered), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted arylene (e.g., C 6 -C 12 , C 6 -C 10 , or phenyl), or substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted heteroarylene (e.g., 5 to 12 membered, 5 to 10 membered, 5 to 9 membered, or 5 to 6 membered). In embodiments, L 1E is independently a bond, -N(R 20 )-, -O-, -S-, C(O)-, -N(R 20 )C(O)-, -C(O)N(R 21 )-, -N(R 20 )C(O)N(R 21 )-, -C(O)O-, -OC(O)-, -N(R 20 )C(O)O-, -OC(O)N(R 21 )-, -OPO2-O-, -O-P(O)(S)-O-, -O-P(O)(R 22 )-O-, -O-P(S)(R 22 )-O-, -O-P(O)(NR 20 R 21 )-N-, -O-P(S)(NR 20 R 21 )-N-, -O-P(O)(NR 20 R 21 )-O-, -O-P(S)(NR 20 R 21 )-O-, -P(O)(NR 20 R 21 )-N-, -P(S)(NR 20 R 21 )-N-, -P(O)(NR 20 R 21 )-O-, -P(S)(NR 20 R 21 )-O-,-S-S-, substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) alkylene (e.g., C1-C20, C1-C12, C1-C8, C1-C6, C 1 -C 4 , or C 1 -C 2 ), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) heteroalkylene (e.g., 2 to 20 membered, 2 to 12 membered, 2 to 8 membered, 2 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 2 to 3 membered, or 4 to 5 membered), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) cycloalkylene (e.g., C 3 -C 10 , C 3 -C 8 , C 3 -C 6 , C 4 -C 6 , or C5-C6), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) heterocycloalkylene (e.g., 3 to 10 membered, 3 to 8 membered, 3 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 4 to 5 membered, or 5 to 6 membered), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) arylene (e.g., C6-C12, C6-C10, or phenyl), or substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) heteroarylene (e.g., 5 to 12 membered, 5 to 10 membered, 5 to 9 membered, or 5 to 6 membered). In embodiments, L 1E is independently a bond, -N(R 20 )-, -O-, -S-, -C(O)-, -N(R 20 )C(O)-, -C(O)N(R 21 )-, -N(R 20 )C(O)N(R 21 )-, -C(O)O-, -OC(O)-, -N(R 20 )C(O)O-, -OC(O)N(R 21 )-, -OPO 2 -O-, -O-P(O)(S)-O-, -O-P(O)(R 22 )-O-, -O-P(S)(R 22 )-O-, -O-P(O)(NR 20 R 21 )-N-, -O-P(S)(NR 20 R 21 )-N-, -O-P(O)(NR 20 R 21 )-O-, -O-P(S)(NR 20 R 21 )-O-, -P(O)(NR 20 R 21 )-N-, -P(S)(NR 20 R 21 )-N-, -P(O)(NR 20 R 21 )-O-, -P(S)(NR 20 R 21 )-O-,-S-S-, unsubstituted heteroalkylene (e.g., 2 to 20 membered, 2 to 12 membered, 2 to 8 membered, 2 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 2 to 3 membered, or 4 to 5 membered), unsubstituted cycloalkylene (e.g., C3-C10, C3-C8, C3-C6, C4-C6, or C5-C6), unsubstituted heterocycloalkylene (e.g., 3 to 10 membered, 3 to 8 membered, 3 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 4 to 5 membered, or 5 to 6 membered), unsubstituted arylene (e.g., C6-C12, C6-C10, or phenyl), or unsubstituted heteroarylene (e.g., 5 to 12 membered, 5 to 10 membered, 5 to 9 membered, or 5 to 6 membered). In embodiments, when L 1E is substituted, L 1E is substituted with a substituent group. In embodiments, when L 1E is substituted, L 1E is substituted with a size-limited substituent group. In embodiments, when L 1E is substituted, L 1E is substituted with a lower substituent group. R 1E is independently substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted alkyl (e.g., C1-C20, C1-C12, C1-C8, C1-C6, C1-C4, or C1-C2), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted heteroalkyl (e.g., 2 to 20 membered, 2 to 12 membered, 2 to 8 membered, 2 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 2 to 3 membered, or 4 to 5 membered), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted cycloalkyl (e.g., C 3 -C 10 , C 3 -C 8 , C 3 -C 6 , C 4 -C 6 , or C 5 -C 6 ), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl (e.g., 3 to 10 membered, 3 to 8 membered, 3 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 4 to 5 membered, or 5 to 6 membered), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted aryl (e.g., C6-C12, C6-C10, or phenyl), or substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted heteroaryl (e.g., 5 to 12 membered, 5 to 10 membered, 5 to 9 membered, or 5 to 6 membered). In embodiments, R 1E is independently substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) alkyl (e.g., C1-C20, C1-C12, C1-C8, C1-C6, C1-C4, or C1-C2), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) heteroalkyl (e.g., 2 to 20 membered, 2 to 12 membered, 2 to 8 membered, 2 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 2 to 3 membered, or 4 to 5 membered), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) cycloalkyl (e.g., C3-C10, C3-C8, C3-C6, C4-C6, or C5-C6), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) heterocycloalkyl (e.g., 3 to 10 membered, 3 to 8 membered, 3 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 4 to 5 membered, or 5 to 6 membered), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) aryl (e.g., C 6 -C 12 , C 6 -C 10 , or phenyl), or substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) heteroaryl (e.g., 5 to 12 membered, 5 to 10 membered, 5 to 9 membered, or 5 to 6 membered). In embodiments, R 1E is independently unsubstituted alkyl (e.g., C 1 -C 20 , C 1 -C 12 , C 1 -C 8 , C 1 -C 6 , C 1 -C 4 , or C 1 -C 2 ), unsubstituted heteroalkyl (e.g., 2 to 20 membered, 2 to 12 membered, 2 to 8 membered, 2 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 2 to 3 membered, or 4 to 5 membered), unsubstituted cycloalkyl (e.g., C3-C10, C3-C8, C3-C6, C4-C6, or C5-C6), unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl (e.g., 3 to 10 membered, 3 to 8 membered, 3 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 4 to 5 membered, or 5 to 6 membered), unsubstituted aryl (e.g., C6-C12, C6-C10, or phenyl), or unsubstituted heteroaryl (e.g., 5 to 12 membered, 5 to 10 membered, 5 to 9 membered, or 5 to 6 membered). In embodiments, when R 1E is substituted, R 1E is substituted with a substituent group. In embodiments, when R 1E is substituted, R 1E is substituted with a size-limited substituent group. In embodiments, when R 1E is substituted, R 1E is substituted with a lower substituent group. [0001] L 3 is independently a bond, -N(R 23 )-, -O-, -S-, -C(O)-, -N(R 23 )C(O)-, -C(O)N(R 24 )-, -N(R 23 )C(O)N(R 24 )-, -C(O)O-, -OC(O)-, -N(R 23 )C(O)O-, -OC(O)N(R 24 )-, -OPO2-O-, -O-P(O)(S)-O-, -O-P(O)(R 25 )-O-, -O-P(S)(R 25 )-O-, -O-P(O)(NR 23 R 24 )-N-, -O-P(S)(NR 23 R 24 )-N-, -O-P(O)(NR 23 R 24 )-O-, -O-P(S)(NR 23 R 24 )-O-, -P(O)(NR 23 R 24 )-N-, -P(S)(NR 23 R 24 )-N-, -P(O)(NR 23 R 24 )-O-, -P(S)(NR 23 R 24 )-O-,-S-S-, substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted alkylene (e.g., C 1 -C 20 , C 1 -C 12 , C 1 -C 8 , C 1 -C 6 , C 1 -C 4 , or C 1 -C 2 ), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted heteroalkylene (e.g., 2 to 20 membered, 2 to 12 membered, 2 to 8 membered, 2 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 2 to 3 membered, or 4 to 5 membered), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted cycloalkylene (e.g., C3-C10, C3-C8, C3-C6, C 4 -C 6 , or C 5 -C 6 ), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted heterocycloalkylene (e.g., 3 to 10 membered, 3 to 8 membered, 3 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 4 to 5 membered, or 5 to 6 membered), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted arylene (e.g., C 6 -C 12 , C 6 -C 10 , or phenyl), or substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted heteroarylene (e.g., 5 to 12 membered, 5 to 10 membered, 5 to 9 membered, or 5 to 6 membered). In embodiments, L 3 is independently a bond, a -N(R 23 )-, -O-, -S-, -C(O)-, -N(R 23 )C(O)-, -C(O)N(R 24 )-, -N(R 23 )C(O)N(R 24 )-, -C(O)O-, -OC(O)-, -N(R 23 )C(O)O-, -OC(O)N(R 24 )-, -OPO2-O-, -O-P(O)(S)-O-, -O-P(O)(R 25 )-O-, -O-P(S)(R 25 )-O-, -O-P(O)(NR 23 R 24 )-N-, -O-P(S)(NR 23 R 24 )-N-, -O-P(O)(NR 23 (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) cycloalkylene (e.g., C3-C10, C3-C8, C3-C6, C4-C6, or C5-C6), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) heterocycloalkylene (e.g., 3 to 10 membered, 3 to 8 membered, 3 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 4 to 5 membered, or 5 to 6 membered), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) arylene (e.g., C 6 -C 12 , C 6 -C 10 , or phenyl), or substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) heteroarylene (e.g., 5 to 12 membered, 5 to 10 membered, 5 to 9 membered, or 5 to 6 membered). In embodiments, L 3 is independently a bond, -N(R 23 )-, -O-, -S-, -C(O)-, -N(R 23 )C(O)-, -C(O)N(R 24 )-, -N(R 23 )C(O)N(R 24 )-, -C(O)O-, -OC(O)-, -N(R 23 )C(O)O-, -OC(O)N(R 24 )-, -OPO2-O-, -O-P(O)(S)-O-, -O-P(O)(R 25 )-O-, -O-P(S)(R 25 )-O-, -O-P(O)(NR 23 R 24 )-N-, -O-P(S)(NR 23 R 24 )-N-, -O-P(O)(NR 23 R 24 )-O-, -O-P(S)(NR 23 R 24 )-O-, -P(O)(NR 23 R 24 )-N-, -P(S)(NR 23 R 24 )-N-, -P(O)(NR 23 R 24 )-O-, -P(S)(NR 23 R 24 )-O-,-S-S-, unsubstituted alkylene (e.g., C1-C20, C1-C12, C1-C8, C1-C6, C1-C4, or C1-C2), unsubstituted heteroalkylene (e.g., 2 to 20 membered, 2 to 12 membered, 2 to 8 membered, 2 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 2 to 3 membered, or 4 to 5 membered), unsubstituted cycloalkylene (e.g., C 3 -C 10 , C 3 -C 8 , C 3 -C 6 , C4-C6, or C5-C6), unsubstituted heterocycloalkylene (e.g., 3 to 10 membered, 3 to 8 membered, 3 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 4 to 5 membered, or 5 to 6 membered), unsubstituted arylene (e.g., C 6 -C 12 , C 6 -C 10 , or phenyl), or unsubstituted heteroarylene (e.g., 5 to 12 membered, 5 to 10 membered, 5 to 9 membered, or 5 to 6 membered). In embodiments, when L 3 is substituted, L 3 is substituted with a substituent group. In embodiments, when L 3 is substituted, L 3 is substituted with a size-limited substituent group. In embodiments, when L 3 is substituted, L 3 is substituted with a lower substituent group. L 4 is independently a bond, -N(R 23 )-, -O-, -S-, -C(O)-, -N(R 23 )C(O)-, -C(O)N(R 24 )-, -N(R 23 )C(O)N(R 24 )-, -C(O)O-, -OC(O)-, -N(R 23 )C(O)O-, -OC(O)N(R 24 )-, -OPO2-O-, -O-P(O)(S)-O-, -O-P(O)(R 25 )-O-, -O-P(S)(R 25 )-O-, -O-P(O)(NR 23 R 24 )-N-, -O-P(S)(NR 23 R 24 )-N-, -O-P(O)(NR 23 R 24 )-O-, -O-P(S)(NR 23 R 24 )-O-, -P(O)(NR 23 R 24 )-N-, -P(S)(NR 23 R 24 )-N-, -P(O)(NR 23 R 24 )-O-, -P(S)(NR 23 R 24 )-O-,-S-S-, substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted alkylene (e.g., C1-C20, C1-C12, C1-C8, C1-C6, C1-C4, or C1-C2), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted heteroalkylene (e.g., 2 to 20 membered, 2 to 12 membered, 2 to 8 membered, 2 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 2 to 3 membered, or 4 to 5 membered), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted cycloalkylene (e.g., C3-C10, C3-C8, C3-C6, C 4 -C 6 , or C 5 -C 6 ), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted heterocycloalkylene (e.g., 3 to 10 membered, 3 to 8 membered, 3 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 4 to 5 membered, or 5 to 6 membered), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted arylene (e.g., C6-C12, C6-C10, or phenyl), or substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted heteroarylene (e.g., 5 to 12 membered, 5 to 10 membered, 5 to 9 membered, or 5 to 6 membered). In embodiments, L 4 is a bond, -N(R 23 )-, -O-, -S-, -C(O)-, -N(R 23 )C(O)-, -C(O)N(R 24 )-, -N(R 23 )C(O)N(R 24 )-, -C(O)O-, -OC(O)-, -N(R 23 )C(O)O-, -OC(O)N(R 24 )-, -OPO2-O-, -O-P(O)(S)-O-, -O-P(O)(R 25 )-O-, -O-P(S)(R 25 )-O-, -O-P(O)(NR 23 R 24 )-N-, -O-P(S)(NR 23 R 24 )-N-, -O-P(O)(NR 23 R 24 )-O-, -O-P(S)(NR 23 R 24 )-O-, -P(O)(NR 23 R 24 )-N-, -P(S)(NR 23 R 24 )-N-, -P(O)(NR 23 R 24 )-O-, -P(S)(NR 23 R 24 )-O-,-S-S-, substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) alkylene (e.g., C 1 -C 20 , C 1 -C 12 , C 1 -C 8 , C 1 -C 6 , C1-C4, or C1-C2), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) heteroalkylene (e.g., 2 to 20 membered, 2 to 12 membered, 2 to 8 membered, 2 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 2 to 3 membered, or 4 to 5 membered), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) cycloalkylene (e.g., C3-C10, C3-C8, C3-C6, C4-C6, or C 5 -C 6 ), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) heterocycloalkylene (e.g., 3 to 10 membered, 3 to 8 membered, 3 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 4 to 5 membered, or 5 to 6 membered), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) arylene (e.g., C 6 -C 12 , C 6 -C 10 , or phenyl), or substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) heteroarylene (e.g., 5 to 12 membered, 5 to 10 membered, 5 to 9 membered, or 5 to 6 membered). In embodiments, L 4 is a bond, -N(R 23 )-, -O-, -S-, -C(O)-, -N(R 23 )C(O)-, -C(O)N(R 24 )-, -N(R 23 )C(O)N(R 24 )-, -C(O)O-, -OC(O)-, -N(R 23 )C(O)O-, -OC(O)N(R 24 )-, -OPO2-O-, -O-P(O)(S)-O-, -O-P(O)(R 25 )-O-, -O-P(S)(R 25 )-O-, -O-P(O)(NR 23 R 24 )-N-, -O-P(S)(NR 23 R 24 )-N-, -O-P(O)(NR 23 R 24 )-O-, -O-P(S)(NR 23 R 24 )-O-, -P(O)(NR 23 R 24 )-N-, -P(S)(NR 23 R 24 )-N-, -P(O)(NR 23 R 24 )-O-, -P(S)(NR 23 R 24 )-O-,-S-S-, unsubstituted alkylene (e.g., C1-C20, C1-C12, C1-C8, C1-C6, C1-C4, or C1-C2), unsubstituted heteroalkylene (e.g., 2 to 20 membered, 2 to 12 membered, 2 to 8 membered, 2 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 2 to 3 membered, or 4 to 5 membered), unsubstituted cycloalkylene (e.g., C 3 -C 10 , C 3 -C 8 , C 3 -C 6 , C4-C6, or C5-C6), unsubstituted heterocycloalkylene (e.g., 3 to 10 membered, 3 to 8 membered, 3 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 4 to 5 membered, or 5 to 6 membered), unsubstituted arylene (e.g., C 6 -C 12 , C 6 -C 10 , or phenyl), or unsubstituted heteroarylene (e.g., 5 to 12 membered, 5 to 10 membered, 5 to 9 membered, or 5 to 6 membered). In embodiments, when L 4 is substituted, L 4 is substituted with a substituent group. In embodiments, when L 4 is substituted, L 4 is substituted with a size-limited substituent group. In embodiments, when L 4 is substituted, L 4 is substituted with a lower substituent group. R 23 is independently hydrogen or unsubstituted alkyl (e.g., C1-C23, C1-C12, C1-C8, C1-C6, C1-C4, or C1-C2). In embodiments, R 23 is independently hydrogen. In embodiments, R 23 is independently unsubstituted C 1 -C 23 alkyl. In embodiments, R 23 is independently hydrogen or unsubstituted C1-C12 alkyl. In embodiments, R 23 is independently hydrogen or unsubstituted C1-C10 alkyl. In embodiments, R 23 is independently hydrogen or unsubstituted C 1 -C 8 alkyl. In embodiments, R 23 is independently hydrogen or unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 alkyl. In embodiments, R 23 is independently hydrogen or unsubstituted C1-C4 alkyl. In embodiments, R 23 is independently hydrogen or unsubstituted C1-C2 alkyl. R 24 is independently hydrogen or unsubstituted alkyl (e.g., C 1 -C 23 , C 1 -C 12 , C 1 -C 8 , C1-C6, C1-C4, or C1-C2). In embodiments, R 24 is independently hydrogen. In embodiments, R 24 is independently unsubstituted C1-C23 alkyl. In embodiments, R 24 is independently hydrogen or unsubstituted C 1 -C 12 alkyl. In embodiments, R 24 is independently hydrogen or unsubstituted C 1 -C 10 alkyl. In embodiments, R 24 is independently hydrogen or unsubstituted C1-C8 alkyl. In embodiments, R 24 is independently hydrogen or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkyl. In embodiments, R 24 is independently hydrogen or unsubstituted C1-C4 alkyl. In embodiments, R 24 is independently hydrogen or unsubstituted C 1 -C 2 alkyl. R 25 is independently hydrogen or unsubstituted alkyl (e.g., C1-C23, C1-C12, C1-C8, C1-C6, C1-C4, or C1-C2). In embodiments, R 25 is independently hydrogen. In embodiments, R 25 is independently unsubstituted C 1 -C 23 alkyl. In embodiments, R 25 is independently hydrogen or unsubstituted C1-C12 alkyl. In embodiments, R 25 is independently hydrogen or unsubstituted C1-C10 alkyl. In embodiments, R 25 is independently hydrogen or unsubstituted C 1 -C 8 alkyl. In embodiments, R 25 is independently hydrogen or unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 alkyl. In embodiments, R 25 is independently hydrogen or unsubstituted C 1 -C 4 alkyl. In embodiments, R 25 is independently hydrogen or unsubstituted C1-C2 alkyl. L 5 is independently a bond, -NH-, -O-, -S-, -C(O)-, -NHC(O)-, -NHC(O)NH-, -C(O)O-, -OC(O)-, -C(O)NH-, substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted alkylene (e.g., C1-C20, C1-C12, C1-C8, C1-C6, C1-C4, or C1-C2), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted heteroalkylene (e.g., 2 to 20 membered, 2 to 12 membered, 2 to 8 membered, 2 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 2 to 3 membered, or 4 to 5 membered), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted cycloalkylene (e.g., C 3 -C 10 , C 3 -C 8 , C 3 -C 6 , C 4 -C 6 , or C 5 -C 6 ), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted heterocycloalkylene (e.g., 3 to 10 membered, 3 to 8 membered, 3 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 4 to 5 membered, or 5 to 6 membered), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted arylene (e.g., C6-C12, C6-C10, or phenyl), or substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted heteroarylene (e.g., 5 to 12 membered, 5 to 10 membered, 5 to 9 membered, or 5 to 6 membered). In embodiments, L 5 is independently a bond, -NH-, -O-, -S-, -C(O)-, -NHC(O)-, -NHC(O)NH-, -C(O)O-, -OC(O)-, -C(O)NH-, substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) alkylene (e.g., C1-C20, C1-C12, C1-C8, C1-C6, C1-C4, or C1-C2), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) heteroalkylene (e.g., 2 to 20 membered, 2 to 12 membered, 2 to 8 membered, 2 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 2 to 3 membered, or 4 to 5 membered), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) cycloalkylene (e.g., C 3 -C 10 , C 3 -C 8 , C 3 -C 6 , C 4 -C 6 , or C 5 -C 6 ), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) heterocycloalkylene (e.g., 3 to 10 membered, 3 to 8 membered, 3 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 4 to 5 membered, or 5 to 6 membered), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) arylene (e.g., C6-C12, C6-C10, or phenyl), or substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) heteroarylene (e.g., 5 to 12 membered, 5 to 10 membered, 5 to 9 membered, or 5 to 6 membered). In embodiments, L 5 is independently a bond, -NH-, -O-, -S-, -C(O)-, -NHC(O)-, -NHC(O)NH-, -C(O)O-, -OC(O)-, -C(O)NH-, unsubstituted alkylene (e.g., C1-C20, C1-C12, C1-C8, C1-C6, C 1 -C 4 , or C 1 -C 2 ), unsubstituted heteroalkylene (e.g., 2 to 20 membered, 2 to 12 membered, 2 to 8 membered, 2 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 2 to 3 membered, or 4 to 5 membered), unsubstituted cycloalkylene (e.g., C3-C10, C3-C8, C3-C6, C4-C6, or C5-C6), unsubstituted heterocycloalkylene (e.g., 3 to 10 membered, 3 to 8 membered, 3 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 4 to 5 membered, or 5 to 6 membered), unsubstituted arylene (e.g., C6-C12, C6-C10, or phenyl), or unsubstituted heteroarylene (e.g., 5 to 12 membered, 5 to 10 membered, 5 to 9 membered, or 5 to 6 membered). In embodiments, when L 5 is substituted, L 5 is substituted with a substituent group. In embodiments, when L 5 is substituted, L 5 is substituted with a size-limited substituent group. In embodiments, when L 5 is substituted, L 5 is substituted with a lower substituent group. L 5A is independently a bond, -NH-, -O-, -S-, -C(O)-, -NHC(O)-, -NHC(O)NH-, -C(O)O-, -OC(O)-, -C(O)NH-, substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted alkylene (e.g., C 1 -C 20 , C 1 -C 12 , C 1 -C 8 , C 1 -C 6 , C 1 -C 4 , or C 1 -C 2 ), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted heteroalkylene (e.g., 2 to 20 membered, 2 to 12 membered, 2 to 8 membered, 2 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 2 to 3 membered, or 4 to 5 membered), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted cycloalkylene (e.g., C3-C10, C3-C8, C3-C6, C4-C6, or C5-C6), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted heterocycloalkylene (e.g., 3 to 10 membered, 3 to 8 membered, 3 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 4 to 5 membered, or 5 to 6 membered), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted arylene (e.g., C 6 -C 12 , C 6 -C 10 , or phenyl), or substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted heteroarylene (e.g., 5 to 12 membered, 5 to 10 membered, 5 to 9 membered, or 5 to 6 membered). In embodiments, L 5A is independently a bond, -NH-, -O-, -S-, -C(O)-, -NHC(O)-, -NHC(O)NH-, -C(O)O-, -OC(O)-, -C(O)NH-, substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) alkylene (e.g., C 1 -C 20 , C 1 -C 12 , C 1 -C 8 , C 1 -C 6 , C 1 -C 4 , or C 1 -C 2 ), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) heteroalkylene (e.g., 2 to 20 membered, 2 to 12 membered, 2 to 8 membered, 2 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 2 to 3 membered, or 4 to 5 membered), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) cycloalkylene (e.g., C3-C10, C3-C8, C3-C6, C4-C6, or C5-C6), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) heterocycloalkylene (e.g., 3 to 10 membered, 3 to 8 membered, 3 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 4 to 5 membered, or 5 to 6 membered), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) arylene (e.g., C 6 -C 12 , C 6 -C 10 , or phenyl), or substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) heteroarylene (e.g., 5 to 12 membered, 5 to 10 membered, 5 to 9 membered, or 5 to 6 membered). In embodiments, L 5A is independently a bond, -NH-, -O-, -S-, -C(O)-, -NHC(O)-, -NHC(O)NH-, -C(O)O-, -OC(O)-, -C(O)NH-, unsubstituted alkylene (e.g., C 1 -C 20 , C 1 -C 12 , C 1 -C 8 , C 1 -C 6 , C1-C4, or C1-C2), unsubstituted heteroalkylene (e.g., 2 to 20 membered, 2 to 12 membered, 2 to 8 membered, 2 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 2 to 3 membered, or 4 to 5 membered), unsubstituted cycloalkylene (e.g., C 3 -C 10 , C 3 -C 8 , C 3 -C 6 , C 4 -C 6 , or C 5 -C 6 ), unsubstituted heterocycloalkylene (e.g., 3 to 10 membered, 3 to 8 membered, 3 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 4 to 5 membered, or 5 to 6 membered), unsubstituted arylene (e.g., C6-C12, C 6 -C 10 , or phenyl), or unsubstituted heteroarylene (e.g., 5 to 12 membered, 5 to 10 membered, 5 to 9 membered, or 5 to 6 membered). In embodiments, when L 5A is substituted, L 5A is substituted with a substituent group. In embodiments, when L 5A is substituted, L 5A is substituted with a size-limited substituent group. In embodiments, when L 5A is substituted, L 5A is substituted with a lower substituent group. L 5B is independently a bond, -NH-, -O-, -S-, -C(O)-, -NHC(O)-, -NHC(O)NH-, -C(O)O-, -OC(O)-, -C(O)NH-, substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted alkylene (e.g., C1-C20, C1-C12, C1-C8, C1-C6, C1-C4, or C1-C2), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted heteroalkylene (e.g., 2 to 20 membered, 2 to 12 membered, 2 to 8 membered, 2 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 2 to 3 membered, or 4 to 5 membered), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted cycloalkylene (e.g., C 3 -C 10 , C 3 -C 8 , C 3 -C 6 , C 4 -C 6 , or C 5 -C 6 ), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted heterocycloalkylene (e.g., 3 to 10 membered, 3 to 8 membered, 3 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 4 to 5 membered, or 5 to 6 membered), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted arylene (e.g., C6-C12, C6-C10, or phenyl), or substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted heteroarylene (e.g., 5 to 12 membered, 5 to 10 membered, 5 to 9 membered, or 5 to 6 membered). In embodiments, L 5B is independently a bond, -NH-, -O-, -S-, -C(O)-, -NHC(O)-, -NHC(O)NH-, -C(O)O-, -OC(O)-, -C(O)NH-, substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) alkylene (e.g., C 1 -C 20 , C 1 -C 12 , C 1 -C 8 , C 1 -C 6 , C 1 -C 4 , or C 1 -C 2 ), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) heteroalkylene (e.g., 2 to 20 membered, 2 to 12 membered, 2 to 8 membered, 2 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 2 to 3 membered, or 4 to 5 membered), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) cycloalkylene (e.g., C3-C10, C3-C8, C3-C6, C4-C6, or C5-C6), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) heterocycloalkylene (e.g., 3 to 10 membered, 3 to 8 membered, 3 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 4 to 5 membered, or 5 to 6 membered), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) arylene (e.g., C6-C12, C6-C10, or phenyl), or substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) heteroarylene (e.g., 5 to 12 membered, 5 to 10 membered, 5 to 9 membered, or 5 to 6 membered). In embodiments, L 5B is independently a bond, -NH-, -O-, -S-, -C(O)-, -NHC(O)-, -NHC(O)NH-, -C(O)O-, -OC(O)-, –C(O)NH-, unsubstituted alkylene (e.g., C1-C20, C1-C12, C1-C8, C1-C6, C1-C4, or C1-C2), unsubstituted heteroalkylene (e.g., 2 to 20 membered, 2 to 12 membered, 2 to 8 membered, 2 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 2 to 3 membered, or 4 to 5 membered), unsubstituted cycloalkylene (e.g., C3-C10, C3-C8, C3-C6, C4-C6, or C5-C6), unsubstituted heterocycloalkylene (e.g., 3 to 10 membered, 3 to 8 membered, 3 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 4 to 5 membered, or 5 to 6 membered), unsubstituted arylene (e.g., C 6 -C 12 , C6-C10, or phenyl), or unsubstituted heteroarylene (e.g., 5 to 12 membered, 5 to 10 membered, 5 to 9 membered, or 5 to 6 membered). In embodiments, when L 5B is substituted, L 5B is substituted with a substituent group. In embodiments, when L 5B is substituted, L 5B is substituted with a size-limited substituent group. In embodiments, when L 5B is substituted, L 5B is substituted with a lower substituent group. L 5C is independently a bond, -NH-, -O-, -S-, -C(O)-, -NHC(O)-, -NHC(O)NH-, -C(O)O-, -OC(O)-, -C(O)NH-, substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted alkylene (e.g., C1-C20, C1-C12, C1-C8, C1-C6, C1-C4, or C1-C2), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted heteroalkylene (e.g., 2 to 20 membered, 2 to 12 membered, 2 to 8 membered, 2 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 2 to 3 membered, or 4 to 5 membered), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted cycloalkylene (e.g., C 3 -C 10 , C 3 -C 8 , C 3 -C 6 , C 4 -C 6 , or C 5 -C 6 ), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted heterocycloalkylene (e.g., 3 to 10 membered, 3 to 8 membered, 3 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 4 to 5 membered, or 5 to 6 membered), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted arylene (e.g., C6-C12, C6-C10, or phenyl), or substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted heteroarylene (e.g., 5 to 12 membered, 5 to 10 membered, 5 to 9 membered, or 5 to 6 membered). In embodiments, L 5C is independently a bond, -NH-, -O-, -S-, -C(O)-, -NHC(O)-, -NHC(O)NH-, -C(O)O-, -OC(O)-, -C(O)NH-, substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) alkylene (e.g., C1-C20, C1-C12, C1-C8, C1-C6, C1-C4, or C1-C2), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) heteroalkylene (e.g., 2 to 20 membered, 2 to 12 membered, 2 to 8 membered, 2 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 2 to 3 membered, or 4 to 5 membered), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) cycloalkylene (e.g., C 3 -C 10 , C 3 -C 8 , C 3 -C 6 , C 4 -C 6 , or C 5 -C 6 ), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) heterocycloalkylene (e.g., 3 to 10 membered, 3 to 8 membered, 3 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 4 to 5 membered, or 5 to 6 membered), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) arylene (e.g., C6-C12, C6-C10, or phenyl), or substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) heteroarylene (e.g., 5 to 12 membered, 5 to 10 membered, 5 to 9 membered, or 5 to 6 membered). In embodiments, L 5C is independently a bond, -NH-, -O-, -S-, -C(O)-, -NHC(O)-, -NHC(O)NH-, -C(O)O-, -OC(O)-, -C(O)NH-, unsubstituted alkylene (e.g., C1-C20, C1-C12, C1-C8, C1-C6, C 1 -C 4 , or C 1 -C 2 ), unsubstituted heteroalkylene (e.g., 2 to 20 membered, 2 to 12 membered, 2 to 8 membered, 2 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 2 to 3 membered, or 4 to 5 membered), unsubstituted cycloalkylene (e.g., C3-C10, C3-C8, C3-C6, C4-C6, or C5-C6), unsubstituted heterocycloalkylene (e.g., 3 to 10 membered, 3 to 8 membered, 3 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 4 to 5 membered, or 5 to 6 membered), unsubstituted arylene (e.g., C6-C12, C6-C10, or phenyl), or unsubstituted heteroarylene (e.g., 5 to 12 membered, 5 to 10 membered, 5 to 9 membered, or 5 to 6 membered). In embodiments, when L 5C is substituted, L 5C is substituted with a substituent group. In embodiments, when L 5C is substituted, L 5C is substituted with a size-limited substituent group. In embodiments, when L 5C is substituted, L 5C is substituted with a lower substituent group. L 5D is independently a bond, -NH-, -O-, -S-, -C(O)-, -NHC(O)-, -NHC(O)NH-, -C(O)O-, -OC(O)-, -C(O)NH-, substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted alkylene (e.g., C 1 -C 20 , C 1 -C 12 , C 1 -C 8 , C 1 -C 6 , C 1 -C 4 , or C 1 -C 2 ), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted heteroalkylene (e.g., 2 to 20 membered, 2 to 12 membered, 2 to 8 membered, 2 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 2 to 3 membered, or 4 to 5 membered), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted cycloalkylene (e.g., C3-C10, C3-C8, C3-C6, C4-C6, or C5-C6), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted heterocycloalkylene (e.g., 3 to 10 membered, 3 to 8 membered, 3 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 4 to 5 membered, or 5 to 6 membered), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted arylene (e.g., C 6 -C 12 , C 6 -C 10 , or phenyl), or substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted heteroarylene (e.g., 5 to 12 membered, 5 to 10 membered, 5 to 9 membered, or 5 to 6 membered). In embodiments, L 5D is independently a bond, -NH-, -O-, -C(O)-, -NHC(O)-, -NHC(O)NH-, -C(O)O-, -OC(O)-, -C(O)NH-, substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) alkylene (e.g., C 1 -C 20 , C 1 -C 12 , C 1 -C 8 , C 1 -C 6 , C 1 -C 4 , or C 1 -C 2 ), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) heteroalkylene (e.g., 2 to 20 membered, 2 to 12 membered, 2 to 8 membered, 2 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 2 to 3 membered, or 4 to 5 membered), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) cycloalkylene (e.g., C3-C10, C3-C8, C3-C6, C4-C6, or C5-C6), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) heterocycloalkylene (e.g., 3 to 10 membered, 3 to 8 membered, 3 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 4 to 5 membered, or 5 to 6 membered), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) arylene (e.g., C 6 -C 12 , C 6 -C 10 , or phenyl), or substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) heteroarylene (e.g., 5 to 12 membered, 5 to 10 membered, 5 to 9 membered, or 5 to 6 membered). In embodiments, L 5D is independently a bond, -NH-, -O-, -S-, -C(O)-, -NHC(O)-, -NHC(O)NH-, -C(O)O-, -OC(O)-, -C(O)NH-, unsubstituted alkylene (e.g., C 1 -C 20 , C 1 -C 12 , C 1 -C 8 , C 1 -C 6 , C1-C4, or C1-C2), unsubstituted heteroalkylene (e.g., 2 to 20 membered, 2 to 12 membered, 2 to 8 membered, 2 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 2 to 3 membered, or 4 to 5 membered), unsubstituted cycloalkylene (e.g., C 3 -C 10 , C 3 -C 8 , C 3 -C 6 , C 4 -C 6 , or C 5 -C 6 ), unsubstituted heterocycloalkylene (e.g., 3 to 10 membered, 3 to 8 membered, 3 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 4 to 5 membered, or 5 to 6 membered), unsubstituted arylene (e.g., C6-C12, C 6 -C 10 , or phenyl), or unsubstituted heteroarylene (e.g., 5 to 12 membered, 5 to 10 membered, 5 to 9 membered, or 5 to 6 membered). In embodiments, when L 5D is substituted, L 5D is substituted with a substituent group. In embodiments, when L 5D is substituted, L 5D is substituted with a size-limited substituent group. In embodiments, when L 5D is substituted, L 5D is substituted with a lower substituent group. L 5E is independently a bond, -NH-, -O-, -S-, -C(O)-, -NHC(O)-, -NHC(O)NH-, -C(O)O-, -OC(O)-, -C(O)NH-, substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted alkylene (e.g., C1-C20, C1-C12, C1-C8, C1-C6, C1-C4, or C1-C2), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted heteroalkylene (e.g., 2 to 20 membered, 2 to 12 membered, 2 to 8 membered, 2 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 2 to 3 membered, or 4 to 5 membered), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted cycloalkylene (e.g., C 3 -C 10 , C 3 -C 8 , C 3 -C 6 , C 4 -C 6 , or C 5 -C 6 ), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted heterocycloalkylene (e.g., 3 to 10 membered, 3 to 8 membered, 3 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 4 to 5 membered, or 5 to 6 membered), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted arylene (e.g., C6-C12, C6-C10, or phenyl), or substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted heteroarylene (e.g., 5 to 12 membered, 5 to 10 membered, 5 to 9 membered, or 5 to 6 membered). In embodiments, L 5E is independently a bond, -NH-, -O-, -S-, -C(O)-, -NHC(O)-, -NHC(O)NH-, -C(O)O-, -OC(O)-, -C(O)NH-, substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) alkylene (e.g., C 1 -C 20 , C 1 -C 12 , C 1 -C 8 , C 1 -C 6 , C 1 -C 4 , or C 1 -C 2 ), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) heteroalkylene (e.g., 2 to 20 membered, 2 to 12 membered, 2 to 8 membered, 2 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 2 to 3 membered, or 4 to 5 membered), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) cycloalkylene (e.g., C3-C10, C3-C8, C3-C6, C4-C6, or C5-C6), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) heterocycloalkylene (e.g., 3 to 10 membered, 3 to 8 membered, 3 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 4 to 5 membered, or 5 to 6 membered), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) arylene (e.g., C6-C12, C6-C10, or phenyl), or substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) heteroarylene (e.g., 5 to 12 membered, 5 to 10 membered, 5 to 9 membered, or 5 to 6 membered). In embodiments, L 5E is independently a bond, -NH-, -O-, -S-, -C(O)-, -NHC(O)-, -NHC(O)NH-, -C(O)O-, -OC(O)-, -C(O)NH-, unsubstituted alkylene (e.g., C1-C20, C1-C12, C1-C8, C1-C6, C1-C4, or C1-C2), unsubstituted heteroalkylene (e.g., 2 to 20 membered, 2 to 12 membered, 2 to 8 membered, 2 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 2 to 3 membered, or 4 to 5 membered), unsubstituted cycloalkylene (e.g., C3-C10, C3-C8, C3-C6, C4-C6, or C5-C6), unsubstituted heterocycloalkylene (e.g., 3 to 10 membered, 3 to 8 membered, 3 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 4 to 5 membered, or 5 to 6 membered), unsubstituted arylene (e.g., C 6 -C 12 , C6-C10, or phenyl), or unsubstituted heteroarylene (e.g., 5 to 12 membered, 5 to 10 membered, 5 to 9 membered, or 5 to 6 membered). In embodiments, when L 5E is substituted, L 5E is substituted with a substituent group. In embodiments, when L 5E is substituted, L 5E is substituted with a size-limited substituent group. In embodiments, when L 5E is substituted, L 5E is substituted with a lower substituent group. L 6 is independently a bond, -NH-, -O-, -S-, -C(O)-, -NHC(O)-, -NHC(O)NH-, -C(O)O-, -OC(O)-, -C(O)NH-, substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted alkylene (e.g., C1-C20, C1-C12, C1-C8, C1-C6, C1-C4, or C1-C2), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted heteroalkylene (e.g., 2 to 20 membered, 2 to 12 membered, 2 to 8 membered, 2 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 2 to 3 membered, or 4 to 5 membered), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted cycloalkylene (e.g., C 3 -C 10 , C 3 -C 8 , C 3 -C 6 , C 4 -C 6 , or C 5 -C 6 ), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted heterocycloalkylene (e.g., 3 to 10 membered, 3 to 8 membered, 3 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 4 to 5 membered, or 5 to 6 membered), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted arylene (e.g., C6-C12, C6-C10, or phenyl), or substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted heteroarylene (e.g., 5 to 12 membered, 5 to 10 membered, 5 to 9 membered, or 5 to 6 membered). In embodiments, L 6 is independently a bond, -NH-, -O-, -S-, -C(O)-, -NHC(O)-, -NHC(O)NH-, -C(O)O-, -OC(O)-, -C(O)NH-, substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) alkylene (e.g., C1-C20, C1-C12, C1-C8, C1-C6, C1-C4, or C1-C2), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) heteroalkylene (e.g., 2 to 20 membered, 2 to 12 membered, 2 to 8 membered, 2 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 2 to 3 membered, or 4 to 5 membered), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) cycloalkylene (e.g., C 3 -C 10 , C 3 -C 8 , C 3 -C 6 , C 4 -C 6 , or C 5 -C 6 ), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) heterocycloalkylene (e.g., 3 to 10 membered, 3 to 8 membered, 3 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 4 to 5 membered, or 5 to 6 membered), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) arylene (e.g., C6-C12, C6-C10, or phenyl), or substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) heteroarylene (e.g., 5 to 12 membered, 5 to 10 membered, 5 to 9 membered, or 5 to 6 membered). In embodiments, L 6 is independently a bond, -NH-, -O-, -S-, -C(O)-, -NHC(O)-, -NHC(O)NH-, -C(O)O-, -OC(O)-, -C(O)NH-, unsubstituted alkylene (e.g., C1-C20, C1-C12, C1-C8, C1-C6, C 1 -C 4 , or C 1 -C 2 ), unsubstituted heteroalkylene (e.g., 2 to 20 membered, 2 to 12 membered, 2 to 8 membered, 2 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 2 to 3 membered, or 4 to 5 membered), unsubstituted cycloalkylene (e.g., C3-C10, C3-C8, C3-C6, C4-C6, or C5-C6), unsubstituted heterocycloalkylene (e.g., 3 to 10 membered, 3 to 8 membered, 3 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 4 to 5 membered, or 5 to 6 membered), unsubstituted arylene (e.g., C6-C12, C6-C10, or phenyl), or unsubstituted heteroarylene (e.g., 5 to 12 membered, 5 to 10 membered, 5 to 9 membered, or 5 to 6 membered). In embodiments, when L 6 is substituted, L 6 is substituted with a substituent group. In embodiments, when L 6 is substituted, L 6 is substituted with a size-limited substituent group. In embodiments, when L 6 is substituted, L 6 is substituted with a lower substituent group. L 6A is independently a bond, -NH-, -O-, -S-, -C(O)-, -NHC(O)-, -NHC(O)NH-, -C(O)O-, -OC(O)-, -C(O)NH-, substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted alkylene (e.g., C 1 -C 20 , C 1 -C 12 , C 1 -C 8 , C 1 -C 6 , C 1 -C 4 , or C 1 -C 2 ), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted heteroalkylene (e.g., 2 to 20 membered, 2 to 12 membered, 2 to 8 membered, 2 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 2 to 3 membered, or 4 to 5 membered), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted cycloalkylene (e.g., C3-C10, C3-C8, C3-C6, C4-C6, or C5-C6), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted heterocycloalkylene (e.g., 3 to 10 membered, 3 to 8 membered, 3 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 4 to 5 membered, or 5 to 6 membered), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted arylene (e.g., C 6 -C 12 , C 6 -C 10 , or phenyl), or substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted heteroarylene (e.g., 5 to 12 membered, 5 to 10 membered, 5 to 9 membered, or 5 to 6 membered). In embodiments, L 6A is independently a bond, -NH-, -O-, -S-, -C(O)-, -NHC(O)-, -NHC(O)NH-, -C(O)O-, -OC(O)-, -C(O)NH-, substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) alkylene (e.g., C 1 -C 20 , C 1 -C 12 , C 1 -C 8 , C 1 -C 6 , C 1 -C 4 , or C 1 -C 2 ), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) heteroalkylene (e.g., 2 to 20 membered, 2 to 12 membered, 2 to 8 membered, 2 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 2 to 3 membered, or 4 to 5 membered), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) cycloalkylene (e.g., C3-C10, C3-C8, C3-C6, C4-C6, or C5-C6), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) heterocycloalkylene (e.g., 3 to 10 membered, 3 to 8 membered, 3 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 4 to 5 membered, or 5 to 6 membered), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) arylene (e.g., C 6 -C 12 , C 6 -C 10 , or phenyl), or substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) heteroarylene (e.g., 5 to 12 membered, 5 to 10 membered, 5 to 9 membered, or 5 to 6 membered). In embodiments, L 6A is independently a bond, -NH-, -O-, -S-, -C(O)-, -NHC(O)-, -NHC(O)NH-, -C(O)O-, -OC(O)-, -C(O)NH-, unsubstituted alkylene (e.g., C 1 -C 20 , C 1 -C 12 , C 1 -C 8 , C 1 -C 6 , C1-C4, or C1-C2), unsubstituted heteroalkylene (e.g., 2 to 20 membered, 2 to 12 membered, 2 to 8 membered, 2 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 2 to 3 membered, or 4 to 5 membered), unsubstituted cycloalkylene (e.g., C 3 -C 10 , C 3 -C 8 , C 3 -C 6 , C 4 -C 6 , or C 5 -C 6 ), unsubstituted heterocycloalkylene (e.g., 3 to 10 membered, 3 to 8 membered, 3 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 4 to 5 membered, or 5 to 6 membered), unsubstituted arylene (e.g., C6-C12, C 6 -C 10 , or phenyl), or unsubstituted heteroarylene (e.g., 5 to 12 membered, 5 to 10 membered, 5 to 9 membered, or 5 to 6 membered). In embodiments, when L 6A is substituted, L 6A is substituted with a substituent group. In embodiments, when L 6A is substituted, L 6A is substituted with a size-limited substituent group. In embodiments, when L 6A is substituted, L 6A is substituted with a lower substituent group. L 6B is independently a bond, -NH-, -O-, -S-, -C(O)-, -NHC(O)-, -NHC(O)NH-, -C(O)O-, -OC(O)-, -C(O)NH-, substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted alkylene (e.g., C1-C20, C1-C12, C1-C8, C1-C6, C1-C4, or C1-C2), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted heteroalkylene (e.g., 2 to 20 membered, 2 to 12 membered, 2 to 8 membered, 2 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 2 to 3 membered, or 4 to 5 membered), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted cycloalkylene (e.g., C 3 -C 10 , C 3 -C 8 , C 3 -C 6 , C 4 -C 6 , or C 5 -C 6 ), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted heterocycloalkylene (e.g., 3 to 10 membered, 3 to 8 membered, 3 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 4 to 5 membered, or 5 to 6 membered), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted arylene (e.g., C6-C12, C6-C10, or phenyl), or substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted heteroarylene (e.g., 5 to 12 membered, 5 to 10 membered, 5 to 9 membered, or 5 to 6 membered). In embodiments, L 6B is independently a bond, -NH-, -O-, -S-, -C(O)-, -NHC(O)-, -NHC(O)NH-, -C(O)O-, -OC(O)-, -C(O)NH-, substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) alkylene (e.g., C 1 -C 20 , C 1 -C 12 , C 1 -C 8 , C 1 -C 6 , C 1 -C 4 , or C 1 -C 2 ), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) heteroalkylene (e.g., 2 to 20 membered, 2 to 12 membered, 2 to 8 membered, 2 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 2 to 3 membered, or 4 to 5 membered), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) cycloalkylene (e.g., C3-C10, C3-C8, C3-C6, C4-C6, or C5-C6), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) heterocycloalkylene (e.g., 3 to 10 membered, 3 to 8 membered, 3 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 4 to 5 membered, or 5 to 6 membered), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) arylene (e.g., C6-C12, C6-C10, or phenyl), or substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) heteroarylene (e.g., 5 to 12 membered, 5 to 10 membered, 5 to 9 membered, or 5 to 6 membered). In embodiments, L 6B is independently a bond, -NH-, -O-, -S-, -C(O)-, -NHC(O)-, -NHC(O)NH-, -C(O)O-, -OC(O)-, -C(O)NH-, unsubstituted alkylene (e.g., C1-C20, C1-C12, C1-C8, C1-C6, C1-C4, or C1-C2), unsubstituted heteroalkylene (e.g., 2 to 20 membered, 2 to 12 membered, 2 to 8 membered, 2 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 2 to 3 membered, or 4 to 5 membered), unsubstituted cycloalkylene (e.g., C3-C10, C3-C8, C3-C6, C4-C6, or C5-C6), unsubstituted heterocycloalkylene (e.g., 3 to 10 membered, 3 to 8 membered, 3 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 4 to 5 membered, or 5 to 6 membered), unsubstituted arylene (e.g., C 6 -C 12 , C6-C10, or phenyl), or unsubstituted heteroarylene (e.g., 5 to 12 membered, 5 to 10 membered, 5 to 9 membered, or 5 to 6 membered). In embodiments, when L 6B is substituted, L 6B is substituted with a substituent group. In embodiments, when L 6B is substituted, L 6B is substituted with a size-limited substituent group. In embodiments, when L 6B is substituted, L 6B is substituted with a lower substituent group. L 6C is independently a bond, -NH-, -O-, -S-, -C(O)-, -NHC(O)-, -NHC(O)NH-, -C(O)O-, -OC(O)-, -C(O)NH-, substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted alkylene (e.g., C1-C20, C1-C12, C1-C8, C1-C6, C1-C4, or C1-C2), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted heteroalkylene (e.g., 2 to 20 membered, 2 to 12 membered, 2 to 8 membered, 2 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 2 to 3 membered, or 4 to 5 membered), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted cycloalkylene (e.g., C 3 -C 10 , C 3 -C 8 , C 3 -C 6 , C 4 -C 6 , or C 5 -C 6 ), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted heterocycloalkylene (e.g., 3 to 10 membered, 3 to 8 membered, 3 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 4 to 5 membered, or 5 to 6 membered), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted arylene (e.g., C6-C12, C6-C10, or phenyl), or substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted heteroarylene (e.g., 5 to 12 membered, 5 to 10 membered, 5 to 9 membered, or 5 to 6 membered). In embodiments, L 6C is independently a bond, -NH-, -O-, -S-, -C(O)-, -NHC(O)-, -NHC(O)NH-, -C(O)O-, -OC(O)-, -C(O)NH-, substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) alkylene (e.g., C1-C20, C1-C12, C1-C8, C1-C6, C1-C4, or C1-C2), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) heteroalkylene (e.g., 2 to 20 membered, 2 to 12 membered, 2 to 8 membered, 2 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 2 to 3 membered, or 4 to 5 membered), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) cycloalkylene (e.g., C 3 -C 10 , C 3 -C 8 , C 3 -C 6 , C 4 -C 6 , or C 5 -C 6 ), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) heterocycloalkylene (e.g., 3 to 10 membered, 3 to 8 membered, 3 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 4 to 5 membered, or 5 to 6 membered), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) arylene (e.g., C6-C12, C6-C10, or phenyl), or substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) heteroarylene (e.g., 5 to 12 membered, 5 to 10 membered, 5 to 9 membered, or 5 to 6 membered). In embodiments, L 6C is independently a bond, -NH-, -O-, -S-, -C(O)-, -NHC(O)-, -NHC(O)NH-, -C(O)O-, -OC(O)-, -C(O)NH-, unsubstituted alkylene (e.g., C1-C20, C1-C12, C1-C8, C1-C6, C 1 -C 4 , or C 1 -C 2 ), unsubstituted heteroalkylene (e.g., 2 to 20 membered, 2 to 12 membered, 2 to 8 membered, 2 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 2 to 3 membered, or 4 to 5 membered), unsubstituted cycloalkylene (e.g., C3-C10, C3-C8, C3-C6, C4-C6, or C5-C6), unsubstituted heterocycloalkylene (e.g., 3 to 10 membered, 3 to 8 membered, 3 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 4 to 5 membered, or 5 to 6 membered), unsubstituted arylene (e.g., C6-C12, C6-C10, or phenyl), or unsubstituted heteroarylene (e.g., 5 to 12 membered, 5 to 10 membered, 5 to 9 membered, or 5 to 6 membered). In embodiments, when L 6C is substituted, L 6C is substituted with a substituent group. In embodiments, when L 6C is substituted, L 6C is substituted with a size-limited substituent group. In embodiments, when L 6C is substituted, L 6C is substituted with a lower substituent group. L 6D is independently a bond, -NH-, -O-, -S-, -C(O)-, -NHC(O)-, -NHC(O)NH-, -C(O)O-, -OC(O)-, -C(O)NH-, substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted alkylene (e.g., C 1 -C 20 , C 1 -C 12 , C 1 -C 8 , C 1 -C 6 , C 1 -C 4 , or C 1 -C 2 ), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted heteroalkylene (e.g., 2 to 20 membered, 2 to 12 membered, 2 to 8 membered, 2 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 2 to 3 membered, or 4 to 5 membered), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted cycloalkylene (e.g., C3-C10, C3-C8, C3-C6, C4-C6, or C5-C6), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted heterocycloalkylene (e.g., 3 to 10 membered, 3 to 8 membered, 3 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 4 to 5 membered, or 5 to 6 membered), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted arylene (e.g., C 6 -C 12 , C 6 -C 10 , or phenyl), or substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted heteroarylene (e.g., 5 to 12 membered, 5 to 10 membered, 5 to 9 membered, or 5 to 6 membered). In embodiments, L 6D is independently a bond, -NH-, -O-, -S-, -C(O)-, -NHC(O)-, -NHC(O)NH-, -C(O)O-, -OC(O)-, -C(O)NH-, substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) alkylene (e.g., C 1 -C 20 , C 1 -C 12 , C 1 -C 8 , C 1 -C 6 , C 1 -C 4 , or C 1 -C 2 ), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) heteroalkylene (e.g., 2 to 20 membered, 2 to 12 membered, 2 to 8 membered, 2 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 2 to 3 membered, or 4 to 5 membered), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) cycloalkylene (e.g., C3-C10, C3-C8, C3-C6, C4-C6, or C5-C6), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) heterocycloalkylene (e.g., 3 to 10 membered, 3 to 8 membered, 3 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 4 to 5 membered, or 5 to 6 membered), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) arylene (e.g., C 6 -C 12 , C 6 -C 10 , or phenyl), or substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) heteroarylene (e.g., 5 to 12 membered, 5 to 10 membered, 5 to 9 membered, or 5 to 6 membered). In embodiments, L 6D is independently a bond, -NH-, -O-, -S-, -C(O)-, -NHC(O)-, -NHC(O)NH-, -C(O)O-, -OC(O)-, -C(O)NH-, unsubstituted alkylene (e.g., C 1 -C 20 , C 1 -C 12 , C 1 -C 8 , C 1 -C 6 , C1-C4, or C1-C2), unsubstituted heteroalkylene (e.g., 2 to 20 membered, 2 to 12 membered, 2 to 8 membered, 2 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 2 to 3 membered, or 4 to 5 membered), unsubstituted cycloalkylene (e.g., C 3 -C 10 , C 3 -C 8 , C 3 -C 6 , C 4 -C 6 , or C 5 -C 6 ), unsubstituted heterocycloalkylene (e.g., 3 to 10 membered, 3 to 8 membered, 3 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 4 to 5 membered, or 5 to 6 membered), unsubstituted arylene (e.g., C6-C12, C 6 -C 10 , or phenyl), or unsubstituted heteroarylene (e.g., 5 to 12 membered, 5 to 10 membered, 5 to 9 membered, or 5 to 6 membered). In embodiments, when L 6D is substituted, L 6D is substituted with a substituent group. In embodiments, when L 6D is substituted, L 6D is substituted with a size-limited substituent group. In embodiments, when L 6D is substituted, L 6D is substituted with a lower substituent group. L 6E is independently a bond, -NH-, -O-, -S-, -C(O)-, -NHC(O)-, -NHC(O)NH-, -C(O)O-, -OC(O)-, -C(O)NH-, substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted alkylene (e.g., C1-C20, C1-C12, C1-C8, C1-C6, C1-C4, or C1-C2), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted heteroalkylene (e.g., 2 to 20 membered, 2 to 12 membered, 2 to 8 membered, 2 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 2 to 3 membered, or 4 to 5 membered), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted cycloalkylene (e.g., C 3 -C 10 , C 3 -C 8 , C 3 -C 6 , C 4 -C 6 , or C 5 -C 6 ), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted heterocycloalkylene (e.g., 3 to 10 membered, 3 to 8 membered, 3 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 4 to 5 membered, or 5 to 6 membered), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted arylene (e.g., C6-C12, C6-C10, or phenyl), or substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted heteroarylene (e.g., 5 to 12 membered, 5 to 10 membered, 5 to 9 membered, or 5 to 6 membered). In embodiments, L 6E is independently a bond, -NH-, -O-, -S-, -C(O)-, -NHC(O)-, -NHC(O)NH-, -C(O)O-, -OC(O)-, -C(O)NH-, substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) alkylene (e.g., C 1 -C 20 , C 1 -C 12 , C 1 -C 8 , C 1 -C 6 , C 1 -C 4 , or C 1 -C 2 ), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) heteroalkylene (e.g., 2 to 20 membered, 2 to 12 membered, 2 to 8 membered, 2 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 2 to 3 membered, or 4 to 5 membered), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) cycloalkylene (e.g., C3-C10, C3-C8, C3-C6, C4-C6, or C5-C6), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) heterocycloalkylene (e.g., 3 to 10 membered, 3 to 8 membered, 3 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 4 to 5 membered, or 5 to 6 membered), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) arylene (e.g., C6-C12, C6-C10, or phenyl), or substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) heteroarylene (e.g., 5 to 12 membered, 5 to 10 membered, 5 to 9 membered, or 5 to 6 membered). In embodiments, L 6E is independently a bond, -NH-, -O-, -S-, -C(O)-, -NHC(O)-, -NHC(O)NH-, -C(O)O-, -OC(O)-, -C(O)NH-, unsubstituted alkylene (e.g., C1-C20, C1-C12, C1-C8, C1-C6, C1-C4, or C1-C2), unsubstituted heteroalkylene (e.g., 2 to 20 membered, 2 to 12 membered, 2 to 8 membered, 2 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 2 to 3 membered, or 4 to 5 membered), unsubstituted cycloalkylene (e.g., C3-C10, C3-C8, C3-C6, C4-C6, or C5-C6), unsubstituted heterocycloalkylene (e.g., 3 to 10 membered, 3 to 8 membered, 3 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 4 to 5 membered, or 5 to 6 membered), unsubstituted arylene (e.g., C 6 -C 12 , C6-C10, or phenyl), or unsubstituted heteroarylene (e.g., 5 to 12 membered, 5 to 10 membered, 5 to 9 membered, or 5 to 6 membered). In embodiments, when L 6E is substituted, L 6E is substituted with a substituent group. In embodiments, when L 6E is substituted, L 6E is substituted with a size-limited substituent group. In embodiments, when L 6E is substituted, L 6E is substituted with a lower substituent group. In embodiments, L 7 is independently substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted alkylene (e.g., C1-C20, C1-C12, C1-C8, C1-C6, C1-C4, or C1-C2). In embodiments, L 7 is independently substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) alkylene (e.g., C 1 -C 20 , C 1 -C 12 , C 1 -C 8 , C 1 -C 6 , C 1 -C 4 , or C 1 -C 2 ). In embodiments, L 7 is independently unsubstituted alkylene (e.g., C1-C20, C1-C12, C1-C8, C1-C6, C1-C4, or C1-C2). In embodiments, L 7 is independently substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted heteroalkylene (e.g., 2 to 20 membered, 2 to 12 membered, 2 to 10 membered, 2 to 8 membered, 2 to 6 membered, or 2 to 4 membered). In embodiments, L 7 is independently substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) heteroalkylene (e.g., 2 to 20 membered, 2 to 12 membered, 2 to 10 membered, 2 to 8 membered, 2 to 6 membered, or 2 to 4 membered). In embodiments, L 7 is independently unsubstituted heteroalkylene (e.g., 2 to 20 membered, 2 to 12 membered, 2 to 10 membered, 2 to 8 membered, 2 to 6 membered, or 2 to 4 membered). In embodiments, L 7 is independently substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted heteroalkenylene (e.g., 2 to 20 membered, 2 to 12 membered, 2 to 10 membered, 2 to 8 membered, 2 to 6 membered, or 2 to 4 membered). In embodiments, L 7 is independently substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) heteroalkenylene (e.g., 2 to 20 membered, 2 to 12 membered, 2 to 10 membered, 2 to 8 membered, 2 to 6 membered, or 2 to 4 membered). In embodiments, L 7 is independently unsubstituted heteroalkenylene (e.g., 2 to 20 membered, 2 to 12 membered, 2 to 10 membered, 2 to 8 membered, 2 to 6 membered, or 2 to 4 membered). In embodiments, when L 7 is substituted, L 7 is substituted with a substituent group. In embodiments, when L 7 is substituted, L 7 is substituted with a size-limited substituent group. In embodiments, when L 7 is substituted, L 7 is substituted with a lower substituent group. In embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted alkyl (e.g., C1-C25, C1-C20, C1-C12, C1-C8, C1-C6, C1-C4, or C1-C2). In embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted C1-C25 alkyl. In embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted C 1 -C 20 alkyl. In embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted C 1 -C 12 alkyl. In embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted C 1 -C 8 alkyl. In embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 alkyl. In embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted C1-C4 alkyl. In embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted C1-C2 alkyl. In embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted branched alkyl (e.g., C 1 -C 25 , C 1 -C 20 , C 1 -C 12 , C1-C8, C1-C6, C1-C4, or C1-C2). In embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted branched C1-C25 alkyl. In embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted branched C1-C20 alkyl. In embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted branched C 1 -C 12 alkyl. In embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted branched C 1 -C 8 alkyl. In embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted branched C1-C6 alkyl. In embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted branched C1-C4 alkyl. In embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted branched C1-C2 alkyl. In embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted unbranched alkyl (e.g., C 1 -C 25 , C 1 -C 20 , C 1 -C 12 , C1-C8, C1-C6, C1-C4, or C1-C2). In embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted unbranched C1-C25 alkyl. In embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted unbranched C1-C20 alkyl. In embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted unbranched C 1 -C 12 alkyl. In embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted unbranched C1-C8 alkyl. In embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted unbranched C1-C6 alkyl. In embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted unbranched C1-C4 alkyl. In embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted unbranched C 1 -C 2 alkyl. In embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted branched saturated alkyl (e.g., C1-C25, C1-C20, C1-C12, C1-C8, C1-C6, C1-C4, or C1-C2). In embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted branched saturated C 1 -C 25 alkyl. In embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted branched saturated C 1 -C 20 alkyl. In embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted branched saturated C1-C12 alkyl. In embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted branched saturated C1-C8 alkyl. In embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted branched saturated C 1 -C 6 alkyl. In embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted branched saturated C 1 -C 4 alkyl. In embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted branched saturated C 1 -C 2 alkyl. In embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted branched unsaturated alkyl (e.g., C1-C25, C1-C20, C1-C12, C1-C8, C1-C6, C1-C4, or C1-C2). In embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted branched unsaturated C 1 -C 25 alkyl. In embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted branched unsaturated C 1 -C 20 alkyl. In embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted branched unsaturated C1-C12 alkyl. In embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted branched unsaturated C1-C8 alkyl. In embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted branched unsaturated C 1 -C 6 alkyl. In embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted branched unsaturated C1-C4 alkyl. In embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted branched saturated C1-C2 alkyl. In embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted unbranched saturated alkyl (e.g., C 1 -C 25 , C 1 -C 20 , C 1 -C 12 , C 1 -C 8 , C 1 -C 6 , C 1 -C 4 , or C 1 -C 2 ). In embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted unbranched saturated C1-C25 alkyl. In embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted unbranched saturated C1-C20 alkyl. In embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted unbranched saturated C1-C12 alkyl. In embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted unbranched saturated C 1 -C 8 alkyl. In embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted unbranched saturated C1-C6 alkyl. In embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted unbranched saturated C1-C4 alkyl. In embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted unbranched saturated C 1 -C 2 alkyl. In embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted unbranched unsaturated alkyl (e.g., C1-C25, C1-C20, C1-C12, C1-C8, C1-C6, C1-C4, or C1-C2). In embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted unbranched unsaturated C 1 -C 25 alkyl. In embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted unbranched unsaturated C 1 -C 20 alkyl. In embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted unbranched unsaturated C 1 -C 12 alkyl. In embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted unbranched unsaturated C1-C8 alkyl. In embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted unbranched unsaturated C1-C6 alkyl. In embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted unbranched unsaturated C 1 -C 4 alkyl. In embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted unbranched unsaturated C1-C2 alkyl. In embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted C9-C19 alkyl. In embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted branched C 9 -C 19 alkyl. In embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted unbranched C 9 -C 19 alkyl. In embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted branched saturated C9-C19 alkyl. In embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted branched unsaturated C9-C19 alkyl. In embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted unbranched saturated C 9 -C 19 alkyl. In embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted unbranched unsaturated C9-C19 alkyl. In embodiments, R 2 is unsubstituted alkyl (e.g., C1-C25, C1-C20, C1-C12, C1-C8, C 1 -C 6 , C 1 -C 4 , or C 1 -C 2 ). In embodiments, R 2 is unsubstituted C 1 -C 25 alkyl. In embodiments, R 2 is unsubstituted C 1 -C 20 alkyl. In embodiments, R 2 is unsubstituted C 1 -C 12 alkyl. In embodiments, R 2 is unsubstituted C1-C8 alkyl. In embodiments, R 2 is unsubstituted C1-C6 alkyl. In embodiments, R 2 is unsubstituted C1-C4 alkyl. In embodiments, R 2 is unsubstituted C 1 -C 2 alkyl. In embodiments, R 2 is unsubstituted branched alkyl (e.g., C1-C25, C1-C20, C1-C12, C1-C8, C1-C6, C1-C4, or C1-C2). In embodiments, R 2 is unsubstituted branched C1-C25 alkyl. In embodiments, R 2 is unsubstituted branched C 1 -C 20 alkyl. In embodiments, R 2 is unsubstituted branched C1-C12 alkyl. In embodiments, R 2 is unsubstituted branched C1-C8 alkyl. In embodiments, R 2 is unsubstituted branched C1-C6 alkyl. In embodiments, R 2 is unsubstituted branched C 1 -C 4 alkyl. In embodiments, R 2 is unsubstituted branched C 1 -C 2 alkyl. In embodiments, R 2 is unsubstituted unbranched alkyl (e.g., C1-C25, C1-C20, C1-C12, C1-C8, C1-C6, C1-C4, or C1-C2). In embodiments, R 2 is unsubstituted unbranched C1-C25 alkyl. In embodiments, R 2 is unsubstituted unbranched C 1 -C 20 alkyl. In embodiments, R 2 is unsubstituted unbranched C1-C12 alkyl. In embodiments, R 2 is unsubstituted unbranched C1-C8 alkyl. In embodiments, R 2 is unsubstituted unbranched C1-C6 alkyl. In embodiments, R 2 is unsubstituted unbranched C 1 -C 4 alkyl. In embodiments, R 2 is unsubstituted unbranched C1-C2 alkyl. In embodiments, R 2 is unsubstituted branched saturated alkyl (e.g., C1-C25, C1-C20, C 1 -C 12 , C 1 -C 8 , C 1 -C 6 , C 1 -C 4 , or C 1 -C 2 ). In embodiments, R 2 is unsubstituted branched saturated C 1 -C 25 alkyl. In embodiments, R 2 is unsubstituted branched saturated C 1 -C 20 alkyl. In embodiments, R 2 is unsubstituted branched saturated C1-C12 alkyl. In embodiments, R 2 is unsubstituted branched saturated C1-C8 alkyl. In embodiments, R 2 is unsubstituted branched saturated C 1 -C 6 alkyl. In embodiments, R 2 is unsubstituted branched saturated C 1 -C 4 alkyl. In embodiments, R 2 is unsubstituted branched saturated C1-C2 alkyl. In embodiments, R 2 is unsubstituted branched unsaturated alkyl (e.g., C1-C25, C 1 -C 20 , C 1 -C 12 , C 1 -C 8 , C 1 -C 6 , C 1 -C 4 , or C 1 -C 2 ). In embodiments, R 2 is unsubstituted branched unsaturated C1-C25 alkyl. In embodiments, R 2 is unsubstituted branched unsaturated C1-C20 alkyl. In embodiments, R 2 is unsubstituted branched unsaturated C1-C12 alkyl. In embodiments, R 2 is unsubstituted branched unsaturated C 1 -C 8 alkyl. In embodiments, R 2 is unsubstituted branched unsaturated C1-C6 alkyl. In embodiments, R 2 is unsubstituted branched unsaturated C1-C4 alkyl. In embodiments, R 2 is unsubstituted branched saturated C 1 -C 2 alkyl. In embodiments, R 2 is unsubstituted unbranched saturated alkyl (e.g., C 1 -C 25 , C1-C20, C1-C12, C1-C8, C1-C6, C1-C4, or C1-C2). In embodiments, R 2 is unsubstituted unbranched saturated C1-C25 alkyl. In embodiments, R 2 is unsubstituted unbranched saturated C 1 -C 20 alkyl. In embodiments, R 2 is unsubstituted unbranched saturated C 1 -C 12 alkyl. In embodiments, R 2 is unsubstituted unbranched saturated C1-C8 alkyl. In embodiments, R 2 is unsubstituted unbranched saturated C1-C6 alkyl. In embodiments, R 2 is unsubstituted unbranched saturated C 1 -C 4 alkyl. In embodiments, R 2 is unsubstituted unbranched saturated C1-C2 alkyl. In embodiments, R 2 is unsubstituted unbranched unsaturated alkyl (e.g., C1-C25, C 1 -C 20 , C 1 -C 12 , C 1 -C 8 , C 1 -C 6 , C 1 -C 4 , or C 1 -C 2 ). In embodiments, R 2 is unsubstituted unbranched unsaturated C 1 -C 25 alkyl. In embodiments, R 2 is unsubstituted unbranched unsaturated C1-C20 alkyl. In embodiments, R 2 is unsubstituted unbranched unsaturated C1-C12 alkyl. In embodiments, R 2 is unsubstituted unbranched unsaturated C1-C8 alkyl. In embodiments, R 2 is unsubstituted unbranched unsaturated C 1 -C 6 alkyl. In embodiments, R 2 is unsubstituted unbranched unsaturated C1-C4 alkyl. In embodiments, R 2 is unsubstituted unbranched unsaturated C1-C2 alkyl. In embodiments, R 2 is unsubstituted C 9 -C 19 alkyl. In embodiments, R 2 is unsubstituted branched C9-C19 alkyl. In embodiments, R 2 is unsubstituted unbranched C9-C19 alkyl. In embodiments, R 2 is unsubstituted branched saturated C9-C19 alkyl. In embodiments, R 2 is unsubstituted branched unsaturated C 9 -C 19 alkyl. In embodiments, R 2 is unsubstituted unbranched saturated C 9 -C 19 alkyl. In embodiments, R 2 is unsubstituted unbranched unsaturated C9-C19 alkyl. In embodiments, R 3 is hydrogen, -NH2, -OH, -SH, -C(O)H, -C(O)NH2, -NHC(O)H, -NHC(O)OH, -NHC(O)NH 2 , -C(O)OH, -OC(O)H, -N 3 , substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted alkyl (e.g., C1-C20, C1-C12, C1-C8, C1-C6, C1-C4, or C1-C2), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted heteroalkyl (e.g., 2 to 20 membered, 2 to 12 membered, 2 to 8 membered, 2 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 2 to 3 membered, or 4 to 5 membered), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted cycloalkyl (e.g., C3-C10, C3-C8, C3-C6, C4-C6, or C5-C6), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl (e.g., 3 to 10 membered, 3 to 8 membered, 3 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 4 to 5 membered, or 5 to 6 membered), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted aryl (e.g., C6-C12, C6-C10, or phenyl), or substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) or unsubstituted heteroaryl (e.g., 5 to 12 membered, 5 to 10 membered, 5 to 9 membered, or 5 to 6 membered). In embodiments, R 3 is hydrogen, -NH2, -OH, -SH, -C(O)H, -C(O)NH 2 , -NHC(O)H, -NHC(O)OH, -NHC(O)NH 2 , -C(O)OH, -OC(O)H, -N 3 , substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) alkyl (e.g., C1-C20, C1-C12, C1-C8, C1-C6, C1-C4, or C1-C2), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) heteroalkyl (e.g., 2 to 20 membered, 2 to 12 membered, 2 to 8 membered, 2 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 2 to 3 membered, or 4 to 5 membered), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) cycloalkyl (e.g., C 3 -C 10 , C 3 -C 8 , C 3 -C 6 , C 4 -C 6 , or C 5 -C 6 ), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) heterocycloalkyl (e.g., 3 to 10 membered, 3 to 8 membered, 3 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 4 to 5 membered, or 5 to 6 membered), substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) aryl (e.g., C6-C12, C6-C10, or phenyl), or substituted (e.g., substituted with a substituent group, a size-limited substituent group, or lower substituent group) heteroaryl (e.g., 5 to 12 membered, 5 to 10 membered, 5 to 9 membered, or 5 to 6 membered). In embodiments, R 3 is hydrogen, -NH2, -OH, -SH, -C(O)H, -C(O)NH2, -NHC(O)H, -NHC(O)OH, -NHC(O)NH2, -C (O)OH, -OC(O)H, –N3, unsubstituted alkyl (e.g., C1-C20, C1-C12, C1-C8, C1-C6, C1-C4, or C 1 -C 2 ), unsubstituted heteroalkyl (e.g., 2 to 20 membered, 2 to 12 membered, 2 to 8 membered, 2 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 2 to 3 membered, or 4 to 5 membered), unsubstituted cycloalkyl (e.g., C3-C10, C3-C8, C3-C6, C4-C6, or C5-C6), unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl (e.g., 3 to 10 membered, 3 to 8 membered, 3 to 6 membered, 4 to 6 membered, 4 to 5 membered, or 5 to 6 membered), unsubstituted aryl (e.g., C6-C12, C6-C10, or phenyl), or unsubstituted heteroaryl (e.g., 5 to 12 membered, 5 to 10 membered, 5 to 9 membered, or 5 to 6 membered). In embodiments, when R 3 is substituted, R 3 is substituted with a substituent group. In embodiments, when R 3 is substituted, R 3 is substituted with a size-limited substituent group. In embodiments, when R 3 is substituted, R 3 is substituted with a lower substituent group (e.g., oxo). In embodiments, the uptake motif is represented by the structure: The uptake motif is attached to the remainder of the compounds provided here through the -L 3 -L 4 - moiety as set forth in Formula (I) above. The wavy line represents attachment to the L 4 linker in Formula (I). R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , L 5 , and L 6 in Formula (I-a) are as described in Formula (I), including embodiments thereof. In embodiments, the compound comprises one or more uptake motifs having a structure shown in Table 2 below. In embodiments, the compound comprises a DTx-01-01 motif in Table 2. In embodiments, the compound comprises a DTx-01-03 motif 1 of Table 2. In embodiments, the compound comprises a DTx-01-06 motif in Table 2. In embodiments, the compound comprises a DTx-01-08 motif in Table 2. In embodiments, the compound comprises a DTx-01-11 motif in Table 2. In embodiments, the compound comprises a DTx-01-13 motif in Table 2. In embodiments, the compound comprises a DTx-01-30 motif in Table 2. In embodiments, the compound comprises a DTx-01-31 motif in Table 2. In embodiments, the compound comprises a DTx-01-32 motif in Table 2. In embodiments, the compound comprises a DTx-01-33 motif in Table 2. In embodiments, the compound comprises a DTx-01-34 motif in Table 2. In embodiments, the compound comprises a DTx-01-35 motif in Table 2. In embodiments, the compound comprises a DTx-01-36 motif in Table 2. In embodiments, the compound comprises a DTx-01-39 motif in Table 2. In embodiments, the compound comprises a DTx-01-43 motif in Table 2. In embodiments, the compound comprises a DTx-01-44 motif in Table 2. In embodiments, the compound comprises a DTx-01-45 motif in Table 2. In embodiments, the compound comprises a DTx-01-46 motif in Table 2. In embodiments, the compound comprises a DTx-01-50 motif in Table 2. In embodiments, the compound comprises a DTx-01-51 motif in Table 2. In embodiments, the compound comprises a DTx-01-52 motif in Table 2. In embodiments, the compound comprises a DTx-01-53 motif in Table 2. In embodiments, the compound comprises a DTx-01-54 motif in Table 2. In embodiments, the compound comprises a DTx-01-55 motif in Table 2. In embodiments, the compound comprises a DTx-03-06 motif in Table 2. In embodiments, the compound comprises a DTx-03-50 motif in Table 2. In embodiments, the compound comprises a DTx-03-51 motif in Table 2. In embodiments, the compound comprises a DTx-03-52 motif in Table 2. In embodiments, the compound comprises a DTx-03-53 motif in Table 2. In embodiments, the compound comprises a DTx-03-54 motif in Table 2. In embodiments, the compound comprises a DTx-03-55 motif in Table 2. In embodiments, the compound comprises a DTx-04-01 motif in Table 2. In embodiments, the compound comprises a DTx-05-01 motif in Table 2. In embodiments, the compound comprises a DTx-06-06 motif in Table 2. In embodiments, the compound comprises a DTx-06-50 motif in Table 2. In embodiments, the compound comprises a DTx-06-51 motif in Table 2. In embodiments, the compound comprises a DTx-06-52 motif in Table 2. In embodiments, the compound comprises a DTx-06-53 motif in Table 2. In embodiments, the compound comprises a DTx-06-54 motif in Table 2. In embodiments, the compound comprises a DTx-06-55 motif in Table 2. In embodiments, the compound comprises a DTx-08-01 motif in Table 2. In embodiments, the compound comprises a DTx-09-01 motif in Table 2. In embodiments, the compound comprises a DTx-10-01 motif in Table 2. In embodiments, the compound comprises a DTx-11-01 motif in Table 2. In embodiments, the compound comprises a DTx-01-60 motif in Table 2. In embodiments, the compound comprises a DTx-01-61 motif in Table 2. In embodiments, the compound comprises a DTx-01-62 motif in Table 2. In embodiments, the compound comprises a DTx-01-63 motif in Table 2. In embodiments, the compound comprises a DTx-01-64 motif in Table 2. In embodiments, the compound comprises a DTx-01-65 motif in Table 2. In embodiments, the compound comprises a DTx-01-66 motif in Table 2. In embodiments, the compound comprises a DTx-01-67 motif in Table 2. In embodiments, the compound comprises a DTx-01-68 motif in Table 2. In embodiments, the compound comprises a DTx-01-69 motif in Table 2. In embodiments, the compound comprises a DTx-01-70 motif in Table 2. In embodiments, the compound comprises a DTx-01-71 motif in Table 2. In embodiments, the compound comprises a DTx-01-72 motif in Table 2. In embodiments, the compound comprises a DTx-01-73 motif in Table 2. In embodiments, the compound comprises a DTx-01-74 motif in Table 2. In embodiments, the compound comprises a DTx-01-75 motif in Table 2. In embodiments, the compound comprises a DTx-01-76 motif in Table 2. In embodiments, the compound comprises a DTx-01-77 motif in Table 2. In embodiments, the compound comprises a DTx-01-78 motif in Table 2. In embodiments, the compound comprises a DTx-01-79 motif in Table 2. In embodiments, the compound comprises a DTx-01-80 motif in Table 2. In embodiments, the compound comprises a DTx-01-81 motif in Table 2. In embodiments, the compound comprises a DTx-01-82 motif in Table 2. In embodiments, the compound comprises a DTx-01-83 motif in Table 2. In embodiments, the compound comprises a DTx-01-84 motif in Table 2. In embodiments, the compound comprises a DTx-01-85 motif in Table 2. In embodiments, the compound comprises a DTx-01-86 motif in Table 2. In embodiments, the compound comprises a DTx-01-87 motif in Table 2. In embodiments, the compound comprises a DTx-01-88 motif in Table 2. In embodiments, the compound comprises a DTx-01-89 motif in Table 2. In embodiments, the compound comprises a DTx-01-90 motif in Table 2. In embodiments, the compound comprises a DTx-01-91 motif in Table 2. In embodiments, the compound comprises a DTx-01-92 motif in Table 2. In embodiments, the compound comprises a DTx-01-93 motif in Table 2. In embodiments, the compound comprises a DTx-01-94 motif in Table 2. In embodiments, the compound comprises a DTx-01-95 motif in Table 2. In embodiments, the compound comprises a DTx-01-96 motif in Table 2. In embodiments, the compound comprises a DTx-01-97 motif in Table 2. In embodiments, the compound comprises a DTx-01-98 motif in Table 2. In embodiments, the compound comprises a DTx-01-99 motif in Table 2. In embodiments, the compound comprises a DTx-01-100 motif in Table 2. In embodiments, the compound comprises a DTx-01-101 motif in Table 2. Table 2: Uptake Motif
In embodiments, DTx-01-01 is attached to the double-stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . In embodiments, DTx-01-03 is attached to the double-stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 - L 4 - is . In embodiments, DTx-01-06 is attached to the double- stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . embodiments, DTx-01-08 is attached to the double-stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . In embodiments, DTx-01-11 is attached to the double-stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . In embodiments, DTx-01-13 is attached to the double-stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . embodiments, DTx-01-30 is attached to the double-stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . In embodiments, DTx-01-31 is attached to the double-stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . In embodiments, DTx-01-32 is attached to the double-stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . embodiments, DTx-01-33 is attached to the double-stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . In embodiments, DTx-01-34 is attached to the double-stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . In embodiments, DTx-01-35 is attached to the double-stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . embodiments, DTx-01-36 is attached to the double-stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . In embodiments, DTx-01-39 is attached to the double-stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . In embodiments, DTx-01-43 is attached to the double-stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . embodiments, DTx-01-44 is attached to the double-stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . In embodiments, DTx-01-45 is attached to the double-stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . In embodiments, DTx-01-46 is attached to the double-stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . embodiments, DTx-01-50 is attached to the double-stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . In embodiments, DTx-01-51 is attached to the double-stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . In embodiments, DTx-01-52 is attached to the double-stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . embodiments, DTx-01-53 is attached to the double-stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . In embodiments, DTx-01-54 is attached to the double-stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . In embodiments, DTx-01-55 is attached to the double-stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . embodiments, DTx-03-06 is attached to the double-stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . In embodiments, DTx-03-50 is attached to the double-stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . In embodiments, DTx-03-51 is attached to the double-stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . embodiments, DTx-03-52 is attached to the double-stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . In embodiments, DTx-03-53 is attached to the double-stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . In embodiments, DTx-03-54 is attached to the double-stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . embodiments, DTx-03-55 is attached to the double-stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . In embodiments, DTx-04-01 is attached to the double-stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . In embodiments, DTx-05-01 is attached to the double-stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . embodiments, DTx-06-06 is attached to the double-stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . In embodiments, DTx-06-50 is attached to the double-stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . In embodiments, DTx-06-51 is attached to the double-stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . embodiments, DTx-06-52 is attached to the double-stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . In embodiments, DTx-06-53 is attached to the double-stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . In embodiments, DTx-06-54 is attached to the double-stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . embodiments, DTx-06-55 is attached to the double-stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . In embodiments, DTx-08-01 is attached to the double-stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . In embodiments, DTx-09-01 is attached to the double-stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . embodiments, DTx-10-01 is attached to the double-stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . In embodiments, DTx-11-01 is attached to the double-stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . In embodiments, DTx-01-60 is attached to the double-stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . embodiments, DTx-01-61 is attached to the double-stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . In embodiments, DTx-01-62 is attached to the double-stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . In embodiments, DTx-01-63 is attached to the double-stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . embodiments, DTx-01-64 is attached to the double-stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . In embodiments, DTx-01-65 is attached to the double-stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . In embodiments, DTx-01-66 is attached to the double-stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . embodiments, DTx-01-67 is attached to the double-stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . In embodiments, DTx-01-68 is attached to the double-stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . In embodiments, DTx-01-69 is attached to the double-stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . embodiments, DTx-01-70 is attached to the double-stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . In embodiments, DTx-01-71 is attached to the double-stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . In embodiments, DTx-01-72 is attached to the double-stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . embodiments, DTx-01-73 is attached to the double-stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . In embodiments, DTx-01-74 is attached to the double-stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . In embodiments, DTx-01-75 is attached to the double-stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . embodiments, DTx-01-76 is attached to the double-stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . In embodiments, DTx-01-77 is attached to the double-stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . In embodiments, DTx-01-78 is attached to the double-stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . embodiments, DTx-01-79 is attached to the double-stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . In embodiments, DTx-01-80 is attached to the double-stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . In embodiments, DTx-01-81 is attached to the double-stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . embodiments, DTx-01-82 is attached to the double-stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . In embodiments, DTx-01-83 is attached to the double-stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . In embodiments, DTx-01-84 is attached to the double-stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . embodiments, DTx-01-85 is attached to the double-stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . In embodiments, DTx-01-86 is attached to the double-stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . In embodiments, DTx-01-87 is attached to the double-stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . embodiments, DTx-01-88 is attached to the double-stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . In embodiments, DTx-01-89 is attached to the double-stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . In embodiments, DTx-01-90 is attached to the double-stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . embodiments, DTx-01-91 is attached to the double-stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . In embodiments, DTx-01-92 is attached to the double-stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . In embodiments, DTx-01-93 is attached to the double-stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . embodiments, DTx-01-94 is attached to the double-stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . In embodiments, DTx-01-95 is attached to the double-stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . In embodiments, DTx-01-96 is attached to the double-stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . embodiments, DTx-01-97 is attached to the double-stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . In embodiments, DTx-01-98 is attached to the double-stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . In embodiments, DTx-01-99 is attached to the double-stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . embodiments, DTx-01-100 is attached to the double-stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 - L 4 -, wherein attached to the double-stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . In embodiments, DTx-01-01 is attached to the double-stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein . embodiments, DTx-01-03 is attached to the double-stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 - . embodiments, DTx-01-06 is attached to the double-stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . embodiments, DTx-01-08 is attached to the double- stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . embodiments, DTx-01-11 is attached to the double- stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . embodiments, DTx-01-13 is attached to the double- stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . embodiments, DTx-01-30 is attached to the double- stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . embodiments, DTx-01-31 is attached to the double- stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . embodiments, DTx-01-32 is attached to the double- stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . embodiments, DTx-01-33 is attached to the double- stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . embodiments, DTx-01-34 is attached to the double- stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . embodiments, DTx-01-35 is attached to the double- stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . embodiments, DTx-01-36 is attached to the double- stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . embodiments, DTx-01-39 is attached to the double- stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . embodiments, DTx-01-43 is attached to the double- stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . embodiments, DTx-01-44 is attached to the double- stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . embodiments, DTx-01-45 is attached to the double- stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . embodiments, DTx-01-46 is attached to the double- stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . embodiments, DTx-01-50 is attached to the double- stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . embodiments, DTx-01-51 is attached to the double- stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . embodiments, DTx-01-52 is attached to the double- stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . embodiments, DTx-01-53 is attached to the double- stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . embodiments, DTx-01-54 is attached to the double- stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . embodiments, DTx-01-55 is attached to the double- stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . embodiments, DTx-03-06 is attached to the double- stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . embodiments, DTx-03-50 is attached to the double- stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . embodiments, DTx-03-51 is attached to the double- stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . embodiments, DTx-03-52 is attached to the double- stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . embodiments, DTx-03-53 is attached to the double- stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . embodiments, DTx-03-54 is attached to the double- stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . embodiments, DTx-03-55 is attached to the double- stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . embodiments, DTx-04-01 is attached to the double- stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . embodiments, DTx-05-01 is attached to the double- stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . embodiments, DTx-06-06 is attached to the double- stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . embodiments, DTx-06-50 is attached to the double- stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . embodiments, DTx-06-51 is attached to the double- stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . embodiments, DTx-06-52 is attached to the double- stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . embodiments, DTx-06-53 is attached to the double- stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . embodiments, DTx-06-54 is attached to the double- stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . embodiments, DTx-06-55 is attached to the double- stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . embodiments, DTx-08-01 is attached to the double- stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . embodiments, DTx-09-01 is attached to the double- stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . embodiments, DTx-10-01 is attached to the double- stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . embodiments, DTx-11-01 is attached to the double- stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . embodiments, DTx-01-60 is attached to the double- stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . embodiments, DTx-01-61 is attached to the double- stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . embodiments, DTx-01-62 is attached to the double- stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . embodiments, DTx-01-63 is attached to the double- stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . embodiments, DTx-01-64 is attached to the double- stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . embodiments, DTx-01-65 is attached to the double- stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . embodiments, DTx-01-66 is attached to the double- stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . embodiments, DTx-01-67 is attached to the double- stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . embodiments, DTx-01-68 is attached to the double- stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . embodiments, DTx-01-69 is attached to the double- stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . embodiments, DTx-01-70 is attached to the double- stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . embodiments, DTx-01-71 is attached to the double- stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . embodiments, DTx-01-72 is attached to the double- stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . embodiments, DTx-01-73 is attached to the double- stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . embodiments, DTx-01-74 is attached to the double- stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . embodiments, DTx-01-75 is attached to the double- stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . embodiments, DTx-01-76 is attached to the double- stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . embodiments, DTx-01-77 is attached to the double- stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . embodiments, DTx-01-78 is attached to the double- stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . embodiments, DTx-01-79 is attached to the double- stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . embodiments, DTx-01-80 is attached to the double- stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . embodiments, DTx-01-81 is attached to the double- stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . embodiments, DTx-01-82 is attached to the double- stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . embodiments, DTx-01-83 is attached to the double- stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . embodiments, DTx-01-84 is attached to the double- stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . embodiments, DTx-01-85 is attached to the double- stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . embodiments, DTx-01-86 is attached to the double- stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . embodiments, DTx-01-87 is attached to the double- stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . embodiments, DTx-01-88 is attached to the double- stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . embodiments, DTx-01-89 is attached to the double- stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . embodiments, DTx-01-90 is attached to the double- stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . embodiments, DTx-01-91 is attached to the double- stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . embodiments, DTx-01-92 is attached to the double- stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . embodiments, DTx-01-93 is attached to the double- stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . embodiments, DTx-01-94 is attached to the double- stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . embodiments, DTx-01-95 is attached to the double- stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . embodiments, DTx-01-96 is attached to the double- stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . embodiments, DTx-01-97 is attached to the double- stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . embodiments, DTx-01-98 is attached to the double- stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . embodiments, DTx-01-99 is attached to the double- stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . embodiments, DTx-01-100 is attached to the double- stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is . embodiments, DTx-01-101 is attached to the double- stranded nucleic acid (A) through -L 3 -L 4 -, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is attached to the 3’ carbon of the 3’ terminal nucleotide of the sense strand, L 6 is , L 5 is -NHC(O)-, R 3 is hydrogen, R 1 is unsubstituted unbranched C 15 alkyl, and R 2 is unsubstituted unbranched C15 alkyl. In embodiments, , the phosphate group of -L 3 -L 4 - is attached to the 3’ carbon of the 3’ terminal nucleotide of the sense strand, L 6 is , L 5 is -NHC(O)-, R 3 is hydrogen, R 1 is unsubstituted unbranched C 13 alkyl, and R 2 is unsubstituted unbranched C 13 alkyl. In embodiments, , within -L 3 -L 4 -, -L 3 is attached to a phosphate group at the 3’ carbon of the 3’ terminal nucleotide of the sense strand, L 6 is , L 5 is -NHC(O)-, R 3 is hydrogen, R 1 is unsubstituted unbranched C 15 alkyl, and R 2 is unsubstituted unbranched C 15 alkyl. In embodiments, , within -L 3 -L 4 -, -L 3 is attached to a phosphate group at the the 3’ carbon of the 3’ terminal nucleotide of the sense strand, L 6 is , L 5 is -NHC(O)-, R 3 is hydrogen, R 1 is unsubstituted unbranched C 13 alkyl, and R 2 is unsubstituted unbranched C 13 alkyl. In embodiments, a compound is DT-000623, where -L 3 -L 4 - is , the phosphate group of -L 3 -L 4 - is attached to the 3’ carbon of the 3’ terminal nucleotide of the sense strand, L 6 is , L 5 is -NHC(O)-, R 3 is hydrogen, R 1 is unsubstituted unbranched C 15 alkyl, R 2 is unsubstituted unbranched C 15 alkyl, the nucleotide sequence of the sense strand is 5’-OH-UF S CM S CFUMGFUMUFGMCFUMGFAMGFUMAFUMCF S AM S UF-3’ (SEQ ID NO: 652), and the nucleotide sequence of the antisense strand is 5’-PO4-A M S U F S G M A F U M A F C M U F C M A F G M C F A M A F C M A F G M G F A M S T D S T D -OH-3’ (SEQ ID NO: 176), where a nucleotide followed by the subscript “F” is a 2’-fluoro nucleotide; a nucleotide followed by the subscript “M” is a 2’-O-methyl nucleotide; a nucleotide followed by a subscript “D” is a beta-D-deoxyribonucleotide; a superscript “S” is a phosphorothioate internucleotide linkage; and all other internucleotide linkages are phosphodiester internucleotide linkages. “5’-OH” and “OH-3’” are hydroxyl moieties at the 5’-terminus and 3’ terminus, respectively. In embodiments, a compound is DT-000812, where -L 3 -L 4 - is , the phosphate group of -L 3 -L 4 - is attached to the 3’ carbon of the 3’ terminal nucleotide of the sense strand, L 6 is , L 5 is -NHC(O)-, R 3 is hydrogen, R 1 is unsubstituted unbranched C 15 alkyl, R 2 is unsubstituted unbranched C 15 alkyl, the nucleotide sequence of the sense strand is 5’-OH-CF S CM S UFCMCFUMGFUMUFGMCFUMGFAMGFUMAFUMCF S AM S UF-3’ (SEQ ID NO: 658), and the nucleotide sequence of the antisense strand is 5’-VP-A M S U F S G M A F U M A F C M U F C M A F G M C F A M A F C M A F G M G F A M G F G M S A M S G M -OH- 3’ (SEQ ID NO: 879), where a nucleotide followed by the subscript “F” is a 2’-fluoro nucleotide; a nucleotide followed by the subscript “M” is a 2’-O-methyl nucleotide; a superscript “S” is a phosphorothioate internucleotide linkage; and all other internucleotide linkages are phosphodiester internucleotide linkages. “5’-VP” is a 5’-vinylphosphonate at the 5’-terminal nucleotide of the antisense strand. “5’-OH” and “OH-3’” are hydroxyl moieties at the 5’-terminus and 3’ terminus, respectively. In embodiments, a compound is DT-001246, where -L 3 -L 4 - is , the phosphate group of -L 3 -L 4 - is attached to the 3’ carbon of the 3’ terminal nucleotide of the sense strand, L 6 is , L 5 is -NHC(O)-, R 3 is hydrogen, R 1 is unsubstituted unbranched C15 alkyl, R 2 is unsubstituted unbranched C15 alkyl, the nucleotide sequence of the sense strand is 5’-OH-C F S C M S U F C M C F U M G F U M U F G M C F U F G F A M G F U M A F U M C F S A M S U F -3’ (SEQ ID NO: 770), and the nucleotide sequence of the antisense strand is 5’-VP-A M S U F S G M A F U M A F C M U F C M A M G M C F A M A F C M A F G M G F A M G F G M S A M S G M -OH- 3’ (SEQ ID NO: 899), where a nucleotide followed by the subscript “F” is a 2’-fluoro nucleotide; a nucleotide followed by the subscript “M” is a 2’-O-methyl nucleotide; a superscript “S” is a phosphorothioate internucleotide linkage; and all other internucleotide linkages are phosphodiester internucleotide linkages. “5’-VP” is a 5’-vinylphosphonate at the 5’-terminal nucleotide of the antisense strand. “5’-OH” and “OH-3’” are hydroxyl moieties at the 5’-terminus and 3’ terminus, respectively. In embodiments, a compound is DT-001247, where -L 3 -L 4 - is , the phosphate group of -L 3 -L 4 - is attached to the 3’ carbon of the 3’ terminal nucleotide of the sense strand, L 6 is , L 5 is -NHC(O)-, R 3 is hydrogen, R 1 is unsubstituted unbranched C 15 alkyl, R 2 is unsubstituted unbranched C 15 alkyl, the nucleotide sequence of the sense strand is 5’-OH-C F S C M S U F C M C F U M G F U M U F G F C F U M G F A M G F U M A F U M C F S A M S U F -3’ (SEQ ID NO: 771), and the nucleotide sequence of the antisense strand is 5’-VP-AM S UF S GMAFUMAFCMUFCMAFGMCMAMAFCMAFGMGFAMGFGM S AM S GM-OH- 3’ (SEQ ID NO: 900), where a nucleotide followed by the subscript “F” is a 2’-fluoro nucleotide; a nucleotide followed by the subscript “M” is a 2’-O-methyl nucleotide; a superscript “S” is a phosphorothioate internucleotide linkage; and all other internucleotide linkages are phosphodiester internucleotide linkages. “5’-VP” is a 5’-vinyl phosphonate at the 5’-terminal nucleotide of the antisense strand. “5’-OH” and “OH-3’” are hydroxyl moieties at the 5’-terminus and 3’ terminus, respectively. In embodiments, a compound is DT-001250, where -L 3 -L 4 - is , the phosphate group of -L 3 -L 4 - is attached to the 3’ carbon of the 3’ terminal nucleotide of the sense strand, L 6 is , L 5 is -NHC(O)-, R 3 is hydrogen, R 1 is unsubstituted unbranched C 15 alkyl, R 2 is unsubstituted unbranched C 15 alkyl, the nucleotide sequence of the sense strand is 5’-OH-CM S CM S UMCMCFUMGFUMUFGMCFUMGFAMGFUMAFUMCM S AM S UM-3’ (SEQ ID NO: 772), and the nucleotide sequence of the antisense strand is 5’-VP-A M S U F S G M A F U M A F C M U F C M A F G M C F A M A F C M A F G M G F A M G F G M S A M S G M -OH- 3’ (SEQ ID NO: 879), where a nucleotide followed by the subscript “F” is a 2’-fluoro nucleotide; a nucleotide followed by the subscript “M” is a 2’-O-methyl nucleotide; a 25 superscript “S” is a phosphorothioate internucleotide linkage; and all other internucleotide linkages are phosphodiester internucleotide linkages. “5’-VP” is a 5’-VP modification at the 5’-terminal nucleotide of the antisense strand. “5’-OH” and “OH-3’” are hydroxyl moieties at the 5’-terminus and 3’ terminus, respectively. In embodiments, a compound is DT-001251, where -L 3 -L 4 - is , the phosphate group of -L 3 -L 4 - is attached to the 3’ carbon of the 3’ terminal nucleotide of the sense strand, L 6 is , L 5 is -NHC(O)-, R 3 is hydrogen, R 1 is unsubstituted unbranched C 15 alkyl, R 2 is unsubstituted unbranched C 15 alkyl, the nucleotide sequence of the sense strand is 5’-OH-C M S C M S U M C M C M U M G F U M U F G M C F U M G F A M G F U M A F U M C M S A M S U M -3’ (SEQ ID NO: 773), and the nucleotide sequence of the antisense strand is 5’-VP-AM S UF S GMAFUMAFCMUMCMAFGMCMAMAFCMAFGMGFAMGFGM S AM S GM-OH- 3’ (SEQ ID NO: 901), where a nucleotide followed by the subscript “F” is a 2’-fluoro nucleotide; a nucleotide followed by the subscript “M” is a 2’-O-methyl nucleotide; a superscript “S” is a phosphorothioate internucleotide linkage; and all other internucleotide linkages are phosphodiester internucleotide linkages. “5’-VP” is a 5’-VP modification at the 5’-terminal nucleotide of the antisense strand. “5’-OH” and “OH-3’” are hydroxyl moieties at the 5’-terminus and 3’ terminus, respectively. In embodiments, a compound is DT-001252, where -L 3 -L 4 - is , the phosphate group of -L 3 -L 4 - is attached to the 3’ carbon of the 3’ terminal nucleotide of the sense strand, L 6 is , L 5 is -NHC(O)-, R 3 is hydrogen, R 1 is unsubstituted unbranched C15 alkyl, R 2 is unsubstituted unbranched C15 alkyl, the nucleotide sequence of the sense strand is 5’-OH-CM S CM S UMCMCMUMGFUMUFGFCFUMGMAMGMUMAMUMCM S AM S UM-3’ (SEQ ID NO: 774), and the nucleotide sequence of the antisense strand is 5’-VP-A M S U F S G M A M U M A F C M U M C M A M G M C M A M A F C M A F G M G M A M G M G M S A M S G M - OH-3’ (SEQ ID NO: 902), where a nucleotide followed by the subscript “F” is a 2’-fluoro nucleotide; a nucleotide followed by the subscript “M” is a 2’-O-methyl nucleotide; a superscript “S” is a phosphorothioate internucleotide linkage; and all other internucleotide linkages are phosphodiester internucleotide linkages. “5’-VP” is a 5’-VP modification at the 5’-terminal nucleotide of the antisense strand. “5’-OH” and “OH-3’” are hydroxyl moieties at the 5’-terminus and 3’ terminus, respectively. In embodiments, a compound is DT-001253, where -L 3 -L 4 - is , the phosphate group of -L 3 -L 4 - is attached to the 3’ carbon of the 3’ terminal nucleotide of the sense strand, L 6 is , L 5 is -NHC(O)-, R 3 is hydrogen, R 1 is unsubstituted unbranched C15 alkyl, R 2 is unsubstituted unbranched C15 alkyl, the nucleotide sequence of the sense strand is 5’-OH-C M S C M S U M C M C M U M G F U M U F G F C F U M G M A M G M U M A M U M C M A M U M -3’ (SEQ ID NO: 775), and the nucleotide sequence of the antisense strand is 5’-VP-AM S UF S GMAMUMAFCMUMCMAMGMCMAMAFCMAFGMGMAMGMGM S AM S GM- OH-3’ (SEQ ID NO: 902), where a nucleotide followed by the subscript “F” is a 2’-fluoro nucleotide; a nucleotide followed by the subscript “M” is a 2’-O-methyl nucleotide; a superscript “S” is a phosphorothioate internucleotide linkage; and all other internucleotide linkages are phosphodiester internucleotide linkages. “5’-VP” is a 5’-VP modification at the 5’-terminal nucleotide of the antisense strand. “5’-OH” and “OH-3’” are hydroxyl moieties at the 5’-terminus and 3’ terminus, respectively. In embodiments, a compound is DT-001254, where -L 3 -L 4 - is , the phosphate group of -L 3 -L 4 - is attached to the 3’ carbon of the 3’ terminal nucleotide of the sense strand, L 6 is , L 5 is -NHC(O)-, R 3 is hydrogen, R 1 is unsubstituted unbranched C 15 alkyl, R 2 is unsubstituted unbranched C 15 alkyl, the nucleotide sequence of the sense strand is 5’-OH-CE S CE S UMCMCFUMGFUMUFGMCFUMGFAMGFUMAFUMCM S AM S UM-3’ (SEQ ID NO: 776), and the nucleotide sequence of the antisense strand is 5’-VP-A M S U F S G M A F U M A F C M U F C M A F G M C F A M A F C M A F G M G F A M G F G M S A M S G M -OH- 3’ (SEQ ID NO: 879), where a nucleotide followed by the subscript “F” is a 2’-fluoro nucleotide; a nucleotide followed by the subscript “M” is a 2’-O-methyl nucleotide; a nucleotide followed by the subscript “E” is a 2’-O-methoxyethyl nucleotide; the nucleobase of each “CE” nucleotide is a 5-methylcytosine; each other “C” is a non-methylated cytosine; a superscript “S” is a phosphorothioate internucleotide linkage; and all other internucleotide linkages are phosphodiester internucleotide linkages. “5’-VP” is a 5’-VP modification at the 5’-terminal nucleotide of the antisense strand. “5’-OH” and “OH-3’” are hydroxyl moieties at the 5’-terminus and 3’ terminus, respectively. In embodiments, a compound is DT-001255, where -L 3 -L 4 - is , the phosphate group of -L 3 -L 4 - is attached to the 3’ carbon of the 3’ terminal nucleotide of the sense strand, L 6 is , L 5 is -NHC(O)-, R 3 is hydrogen, R 1 is unsubstituted unbranched C 15 alkyl, R 2 is unsubstituted unbranched C 15 alkyl, the nucleotide sequence of the sense strand is 5’-OH-C M S C E S U E C M C F U M G F U M U F G M C F U M G F A M G F U M A F U M C M S A M S U M -3’ (SEQ ID NO: 777), and the nucleotide sequence of the antisense strand is 5’-VP-AM S UF S GMAFUMAFCMUFCMAFGMCFAMAFCMAFGMGFAMGFGM S AM S GM-OH- 3’ (SEQ ID NO: 879), where a nucleotide followed by the subscript “F” is a 2’-fluoro nucleotide; a nucleotide followed by the subscript “M” is a 2’-O-methyl nucleotide; a nucleotide followed by the subscript “E” is a 2’-O-methoxyethyl nucleotide; the nucleobase of each “CE” nucleotide is a 5-methylcytosine; each other “C” is a non-methylated cytosine; the nucleobase of each “U E ” nucleotide is a 5-methyluracil; each other “U” is a non- methylated uridine; a superscript “S” is a phosphorothioate internucleotide linkage; and all other internucleotide linkages are phosphodiester internucleotide linkages. “5’-VP” is a 5’- VP modification at the 5’-terminal nucleotide of the antisense strand. “5’-OH” and “OH-3’” are hydroxyl moieties at the 5’-terminus and 3’ terminus, respectively. In embodiments, a compound is DT-001256, where -L 3 -L 4 - is , the phosphate group of -L 3 -L 4 - is attached to the 3’ carbon of the 3’ terminal nucleotide of the sense strand, L 6 is , L 5 is -NHC(O)-, R 3 is hydrogen, R 1 is unsubstituted unbranched C 15 alkyl, R 2 is unsubstituted unbranched C 15 alkyl, the nucleotide sequence of the sense strand is 5’-OH-CM S CE S UECMCFUMGFUMUFGMCFUMGFAMGFUMAFUMCE S AE S UM-3’ (SEQ ID NO: 778), and the nucleotide sequence of the antisense strand is 5’-VP-A M S U F S G M A F U M A F C M U F C M A F G M C F A M A F C M A F G M G F A M G F G M S A M S G M -OH- 3’ (SEQ ID NO: 879), where a nucleotide followed by the subscript “F” is a 2’-fluoro nucleotide; a nucleotide followed by the subscript “M” is a 2’-O-methyl nucleotide; a nucleotide followed by the subscript “E” is a 2’-O-methoxyethyl nucleotide; the nucleobase of each “C E ” nucleotide is a 5-methylcytosine; each other “C” is a non-methylated cytosine; the nucleobase of each “UE” nucleotide is a 5-methyluracil; each other “U” is a non- methylated uridine; a superscript “S” is a phosphorothioate internucleotide linkage; and all other internucleotide linkages are phosphodiester internucleotide linkages. “5’-VP” is a 5’- VP modification at the 5’-terminal nucleotide of the antisense strand. “5’-OH” and “OH-3’” are hydroxyl moieties at the 5’-terminus and 3’ terminus, respectively. In embodiments, a compound is DT-001257, where -L 3 -L 4 - is , the phosphate group of -L 3 -L 4 - is attached to the 3’ carbon of the 3’ terminal nucleotide of the sense strand, L 6 is , L 5 is -NHC(O)-, R 3 is hydrogen, R 1 is unsubstituted unbranched C15 alkyl, R 2 is unsubstituted unbranched C15 alkyl, the nucleotide sequence of the sense strand is 5’-OH-C E S C E S U E C E C F U M G F U M U F G M C F U M G F A M G F U M A F U M C M S A M S U M -3’ (SEQ ID NO: 779), and the nucleotide sequence of the antisense strand is 5’-VP-AM S UF S GMAFUMAFCMUFCMAFGMCFAMAFCMAFGMGFAMGFGM S AM S GM-OH- 3’ (SEQ ID NO: 879), where a nucleotide followed by the subscript “F” is a 2’-fluoro nucleotide; a nucleotide followed by the subscript “M” is a 2’-O-methyl nucleotide; a nucleotide followed by the subscript “E” is a 2’-O-methoxyethyl nucleotide; the nucleobase of each “CE” nucleotide is a 5-methylcytosine; each other “C” is a non-methylated cytosine; the nucleobase of each “U E ” nucleotide is a 5-methyluracil; each other “U” is a non- methylated uridine; a superscript “S” is a phosphorothioate internucleotide linkage; and all other internucleotide linkages are phosphodiester internucleotide linkages. “5’-VP” is a 5’- VP at the 5’-terminal nucleotide. “5’-OH” and “OH-3’” are hydroxyl moieties at the 5’- terminus and 3’ terminus, respectively. In embodiments, a compound is DT-001858, where -L 3 -L 4 - is , the phosphate group of -L 3 -L 4 - is attached to the 3’ carbon of the 3’ terminal nucleotide of the sense strand, L 6 is , L 5 is -NHC(O)-, R 3 is hydrogen, R 1 is unsubstituted unbranched C 15 alkyl, R 2 is unsubstituted unbranched C 15 alkyl, the nucleotide sequence of the sense strand is 5'-OH-CM S CM S UMCMCMUMGFUMUFGFCFUMGMAMGMUMAMUMCMAM S UM-3’ (SEQ ID NO: 887), and the nucleotide sequence of the antisense strand is 5’-VP-A M S U F S G M A M U M A F C M U M C M A M G M C M A M A F C M A F G M G M A M G M G M S A M S G M - OH-3’ (SEQ ID NO: 902), where a nucleotide followed by the subscript “F” is a 2’-fluoro nucleotide; a nucleotide followed by the subscript “M” is a 2’-O-methyl nucleotide; a superscript “S” is a phosphorothioate internucleotide linkage; and all other internucleotide linkages are phosphodiester internucleotide linkages. “5’-VP” is a 5’-VP at the 5’-terminal nucleotide. “5’-OH” and “OH-3’” are hydroxyl moieties at the 5’-terminus and 3’ terminus, respectively. In embodiments, a compound is DT-001859, where -L 3 -L 4 - is , the phosphate group of -L 3 -L 4 - is attached to the 3’ carbon of the 3’ terminal nucleotide of the sense strand, L 6 is , L 5 is -NHC(O)-, R 3 is hydrogen, R 1 is unsubstituted unbranched C 15 alkyl, R 2 is unsubstituted unbranched C 15 alkyl, the nucleotide sequence of the sense strand is 5'-OH-C M S C M S U F C M C M U M G F U M U F G F C F U M G M A M G M U M A M U M C M S A M S U M -3’ (SEQ ID NO: 878), and the nucleotide sequence of the antisense strand is 5’-VP-AM S UF S GMAMUMAFCMUMCMAMGMCMAMAFCMAFGMGMAMGMGM S AM S GM- OH-3’ (SEQ ID NO: 902), where a nucleotide followed by the subscript “F” is a 2’-fluoro nucleotide; a nucleotide followed by the subscript “M” is a 2’-O-methyl nucleotide; a superscript “S” is a phosphorothioate internucleotide linkage; and all other internucleotide linkages are phosphodiester internucleotide linkages. “5’-VP” is a 5’-VP at the 5’-terminal nucleotide. “5’-OH” and “OH-3’” are hydroxyl moieties at the 5’-terminus and 3’ terminus, respectively. In embodiments, a compound is DT-001860, where -L 3 -L 4 - is , the phosphate group of -L 3 -L 4 - is attached to the 3’ carbon of the 3’ terminal nucleotide of the sense strand, L 6 is , L 5 is -NHC(O)-, R 3 is hydrogen, R 1 is unsubstituted unbranched C 15 alkyl, R 2 is unsubstituted unbranched C 15 alkyl, the nucleotide sequence of the sense strand is 5'-HO-CM S CM S UMCMCMUMGFUMUFGFCFUMGMAMGMUMAMUMCM S AM S UM-3’ (SEQ ID NO: 774), and the nucleotide sequence of the antisense strand is 5’-VP-A M S U F S G M A M U M A F C M U M C M A M G M C M A M A F C M A F G M G M A M G M G M S A M S G E - OH-3' (SEQ ID NO: 975), where a nucleotide followed by the subscript “F” is a 2’-fluoro nucleotide; a nucleotide followed by the subscript “M” is a 2’-O-methyl nucleotide; a 25 superscript “S” is a phosphorothioate internucleotide linkage; and all other internucleotide linkages are phosphodiester internucleotide linkages. “5’-VP” is a 5’-VP at the 5’-terminal nucleotide. “5’-OH” and “OH-3’” are hydroxyl moieties at the 5’-terminus and 3’ terminus, respectively. In embodiments, , the phosphate group of -L 3 -L 4 - is attached to the 3’ carbon of the 3’ terminal nucleotide of the sense strand, L 6 is , L 5 is -NHC(O)-, R 3 is hydrogen, R 1 is unsubstituted unbranched C 15 alkyl, R 2 is unsubstituted unbranched C 15 alkyl; the nucleotide sequence of the sense strand is 5’- CCUCCUGUUGCUGAGUAUCAU-3’ (SEQ ID NO: 1018); the nucleotide sequence of the antisense strand is 5’- AUGAUACUCAGCAACAGGAGGAG-3’ (SEQ ID NO: 1144); the phosphate group at the 5’ terminus of the antisense strand is a 5’-VP; each nucleotide of the antisense strand is independently selected from a 2’-O-methyl nucleotide, a 2’-O-methoxyethyl nucleotide, and a 2’-fluoro nucleotide; each nucleotide of the sense strand is independently selected from 2’-O-methyl nucleotide, and a 2’-fluoro nucleotide; at least one of the first two internucleotide linkages at the 5’ terminus of each strand is a phosphorothioate internucleotide linkage; at least one of the last two internucleotide linkages at the 3’ terminus of each strand is a phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages; and each other internucleotide linkage is a phosphodiester internucleotide linkage. In embodiments, , the phosphate group of -L 3 -L 4 - is attached to the 3’ carbon of the 3’ terminal nucleotide of the sense strand, L 6 is , L 5 is -NHC(O)-, R 3 is hydrogen, R 1 is unsubstituted unbranched C15 25 alkyl, R 2 is unsubstituted unbranched C 15 alkyl; the nucleotide sequence of the sense strand is 5’- CCUCCUGUUGCUGAGUAUCAU-3’ (SEQ ID NO: 1018); the nucleotide sequence of the antisense strand is 5’- AUGAUACUCAGCAACAGGAGGAG-3’ (SEQ ID NO: 1144); the phosphate group at the 5’ terminus of the antisense strand is a 5’-VP; each nucleotide of the antisense strand is independently selected from a 2’-O-methyl nucleotide, a 2’-O-methoxyethyl nucleotide, and a 2’-fluoro nucleotide; each nucleotide of the sense strand is independently selected from 2’-O-methyl nucleotide, a 2’-O-methoxyethyl nucleotide, and a 2’-fluoro nucleotide; at least one of the first two internucleotide linkages at the 5’ terminus of each strand is a phosphorothioate internucleotide linkage; at least one of the last two internucleotide linkages at the 3’ terminus of each strand is a phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages; and each other internucleotide linkage is a phosphodiester internucleotide linkage. In embodiments, a ligand is a saturated or unsaturated C8-C20 alkyl. In embodiments, a ligand contains a saturated or unsaturated C6-C18 alkyl. Pharmaceutical Salts and Compositions The compounds provided herein may be present as a pharmaceutical salt. In embodiments, the pharmaceutical salt is a sodium salt. Pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts can be formed with inorganic acids and organic acids. Inorganic acids from which salts can be derived include, for example, hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, and the like. Organic acids from which salts can be derived include, for example, acetic acid, propionic acid, glycolic acid, pyruvic acid, oxalic acid, maleic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, benzoic acid, cinnamic acid, mandelic acid, methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, salicylic acid, and the like. Pharmaceutically acceptable base addition salts can be formed with inorganic and organic bases. Inorganic bases from which salts can be derived include, for example, sodium, potassium, lithium, lithium, ammonium, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, manganese, aluminum, and the like; particularly preferred are the ammonium, potassium, s16 odium, calcium and magnesium salts. Organic bases from which salts can be derived include, for example, primary, secondary, and tertiary amines, substituted amines including naturally occurring substituted amines, cyclic amines, basic ion exchange resins, and the like, specifically such as isopropylamine, trimethylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, tripropylamine, and ethanolamine. Many such salts are known in the art, as described in WO 87/05297, Johnston et al., published September 11, 1987 (incorporated by reference herein in its entirety). In embodiments, a non-bridging heteroatom (e.g., an S − or O − ) of a linkage of a compound provided herein may be protonated or associated with a counterion such as Na + , K + , etc. An acceptable salt (e.g. a pharmaceutically acceptable salt) of a compound may comprise fewer cationic counterions (such as Na + , K + , etc.) than there are non-bridging heteroatoms per molecule (i.e., some non-bridging heteroatoms are protonated and some are associated with counterions). In embodiments, a phosphate linkage attaching an -L 3 -L 4 - to a carbon of a nucleotide includes a non-bridging heteroatom. In embodiments, a phosphodiester linkage of a nucleic acid includes a non-bridging heteroatom. In embodiments, a phosphorothioate linkage of a nucleic acid includes a non-bridging heteroatom. The compounds provided herein may be present as a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound and a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent. In embodiments, the compound is present in a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent. In embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable diluent is a sterile aqueous solution. In embodiments, the sterile aqueous solution is a sterile saline solution. A pharmaceutical composition may be prepared so that it is compatible with the intended mode of administration of the compound. Routes of administration of compounds include intravenous, intradermal, subcutaneous, transdermal, intramuscular, topical, and ocular administration. Pharmaceutical compositions may be prepared for ocular administration to the eye in the form of an injection. Pharmaceutical compositions suitable for injection include sterile aqueous solutions, including sterile saline solutions. Pharmaceutical compositions suitable for injection may also be a lyophilized compound that is subsequently reconstitute with a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent in preparation for injection. Alternatively, pharmaceutical compositions may be prepared for ocular administration to the eye in the form of an ophthalmic suspension (i.e. eye drops). Additional pharmaceutical preparations suitable for ocular administration include emulsions, ointments, aqueous gels, nanomicelles, nanoparticles, liposomes, dendrimers, implants, contact lenses, nanosuspensions, microneedles, and in situ thermosensitive gels. Methods of Use Provided herein is a method for inhibiting the expression of peripheral myelin protein 22 (PMP22) mRNA in a cell, comprising contacting a cell with a nucleic compound provided herein, thereby inhibiting the expression of peripheral myelin protein 22 (PMP22) in the cell. In embodiments, the cell is a peripheral nerve cell. In embodiments, the cell is in vivo. In embodiments, the cell is in vitro. Provided herein is a method for inhibiting the expression of peripheral myelin protein 22 (PMP22) in a subject, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a compound or pharmaceutical composition provided herein. In embodiments, the expression of peripheral myelin protein 22 (PMP22) is inhibited in the subject. In embodiments, the expression of PMP22 mRNA is inhibited in a peripheral nerve of the subject. In embodiments, the peripheral nerve is one or more of a sciatic nerve, a brachial plexus nerve, a tibial nerve, a peroneal nerve, a femoral nerve, a lateral femoral cutaneous nerve, and a spinal accessory nerve. Provided herein is a method for increasing myelination and/or slowing the loss of myelination in a subject, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a compound or pharmaeceutical composition provided herein. In embodiments, the administering increases myelination in the subject. In embodiments, the administering slows the loss of myelination in the subject. In embodiments, the subject has a peripheral demyelinating disease. In embodiments, the peripheral demyelinating disease is Charcot- Marie-Tooth disease (CMT). In embodiments, the Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease is Charcot- Marie-Tooth disease Type 1A (CMT1A). In embodiments, the Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease Type 1E (CMT1E). Provided herein is a method for treating Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount compound or pharmaceutical composition provided herein. In embodiments, the Charcot- Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease Type 1A (CMT1A). Provided herein is a method for treating Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease Type 1A (CMT1A) in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount compound or pharmaceutical composition provided herein. Provided herein is a method for slowing the progression of Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease Type 1A (CMT1A) in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject a compound or pharmaceutical composition provided herein. In embodiments, the subject has Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease Type 1A (CMT1A). CMT1A may be diagnosed by a medical professional using one or more routinely available assessments, including family history, medical history, and neurological examination. In embodiments, a subject is diagnosed as having CMT1A by the presence of one or more clinical indicators of CMT1A selected from: a family history of CMT1A; amplification of the PMP22 gene; distal muscle weakness; distal musculature atrophy, decreased deep tendon reflexes, distal sensory impairment; decreased compound muscle action potential; and decreased nerve conduction velocity. Provided herein is a method for delaying the onset of CMT1A in a subject at risk for developing CMT1A, comprising administering to the subject a compound provided herein. A subject at risk for developing CMT1A may be identified by a medical professional using one or more routinely available assessments, including family history, medical history, and neurological examination. In embodiments, a subject is identified as beign at risk for developing CMT1A by the presence of one or more clinical indicators of CMT1A selected from: a family history of CMT1A; amplification of the PMP22 gene; distal muscle weakness; distal musculature atrophy; decreased deep tendon reflexes; distal sensory impairment; decreased compound muscle action potential; and decreased nerve conduction velocity. In embodiments, a subject has a family history of CMT1A. In embodiments, amplification of the PMP22 gene in the subject is confirmed by genetic testing. In embodiments, a subject has distal muscle weakness. In embodiments, the distal muscle weakness is in one or more of the arms, legs, hands and feet. In embodiments, the distal muscle weakness is measured by quantified muscular testing (QMT). In embodiments, the distal muscle weakness is reduced hand grip strength. In embodiments, the distal muscle weakness is reduced foot dorsiflexion. In embodiments, a subject has distal musculature atrophy. In embodiments, the distal musculature atrophy is in one or more of the arms, legs, hands, and feet. In embodiments, the distal musculature atrophy is calf muscle atrophy. In embodiments, a subject has reduced deep tendon reflexes. In embodiments, a subject has distal sensory impairment. In embodiments, the subject has reduced nerve conduction velocity (NCV). In embodiments, the nerve conduction velocity is motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV). In embodiments, the nerve conduction velocity is sensory nerve conduction velocity (SNCV). Nerve conduction velocity may be determined by an electroneuroagraphy, i.e. a nerve conduction study, involving the placement of electrodes on the skin over a muscle or nerve. These electrodes produce a small electric impulse that stimulates nerves and allows for quantification of electrical activity from a distal muscle or nerve (those in the hands, lower arms, lower legs, and feet). In embodiments, a subject has reduced compound muscle action potential (CMAP). CMAP may be determined by electromyography (EMG), a procedure which involves inserting a needle electrode through the skin to the muscle and measuring the bioelectrical activity of muscles, specific abnormalities in which indicate axon loss. EMG may be useful in further characterizing the distribution, activity, and severity of peripheral nerve involvement in CMT1A. In embodiments, a subject has increased calf muscle fat fraction. In embodiments, calf muscle fat fraction is measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In embodiments, a subject has elevated plasma neurofilament light (NfL) protein. In embodiments, a subject has elevated plasma tramsmembrane protease serine 5 (TMPRSS55). In embodiments, the administration of the compound or pharmaceutical composition to the subject improves and/or slows the progression of one or more clinical indicators of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease Type 1A in the subject. In embodiments, administration of the compound or pharmaceutical composition to the subject improves one or more clinical indicators of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease Type 1A in the subject. In embodiments, administration of the compound or pharmaceutical composition to the subject slows the progression of one or more clinical indicators of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease Type 1A in the subject. In embodiments, the one or more clinical indicator is selected from distal muscle weakness; distal sensory impairment; reduced nerve conduction velocity; reduced compound muscle action potential; reduced sensory nerve action potential; increased calf muscle fat fraction; elevated plasma neurofilament light (NfL); and elevated plasma tramsmembrane protease serine 5 (TMPRSS55). In embodiments, administration of the compound or pharmaceutical composition to the subject improves distal muscle weakness. In embodiments, administration of the compound slows the progression of distal muscle weakness. In embodiments, the distal muscle weakness is reduced hand grip strength. In embodiments, the distal muscle weakness is reduced foot dorsiflexion. In embodiments, administration of the compound or pharmaceutical composition improves distal sensory impairment. In embodiments, administration of the compound or pharmaceutical composition slows the progress of distal sensory impairment. In embodiments, administration of the compound or pharmaceutical composition increases nerve conduction velocity. In embodiments, administration of the compound or pharmaceutical composition slows the progression of reduced nerve conduction velocity. In embodiments, the nerve conduction velocity is motor nerve conduction velocity. In embodiments, the nerve condution velocity is sensory nerve conduction velocity. In embodiments, administration of the compound or pharmaceutical composition improves compound muscle action potential. In embodiments, administration of the compound slows the progression of reduced compound muscle action potential. In embodiments, administration of the compound or pharmaceutical composition improves sensory nerve action potential. In embodiments, administration of the compound or pharmaceutical composition slows the progression of reduced sensory nerve action potential. In embodiments, administration of the compound or pharmaceutical composition improves increased fat muscle fat fraction. In embodiments, administration of the compound or pharmaceutical composition slows the progression of increased fat muscle fat fraction. In embodiments, administration of the compound or pharmaceutical composition improves elevated plasma neurofilament light (NfL). In embodiments, administration of the compound or pharmaceutical composition slows the progression of elevated plasma neurofilament light (NfL). In embodiments, administration of the compound or pharmaceutical composition improves elevated plasma tramsmembrane protease serine 5 (TMPRSS55). In embodiments, administration of the compound or pharmaceutical composition slows the progression of elevated plasma tramsmembrane protease serine 5 (TMPRSS55). Disease severity and disease progression in subjects may be determined using one or more clinical assessments. In embodiments, disease severity in a subject is determined by performing one or more clinical assessments. In embodiments, disease progression in a subject is determined by performing one or more clinical assessments. In embodiments, disease progression is determined by measuring the change over time in one or more clinical assessments. In embodiments, the clinical assessment is selected from the Charcot-Marie- Tooth Neuropathy Score (CMTNS), the Charcot-Marie-Tooth Neuropathy Score with Rasch weighting (CMTNS-R), the Charcot Marie-Tooth Neuropathy Score Version 2 (CMTNS-v2), the Charcot-Marie-Tooth Examination Score (CMTES), the Charcot-Marie-Tooth Examination Score with Rasch weighting (CMTES-R), the Charcot-Marie-Tooth Functional Outcome Measure (CMT-FOM), the Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease Pediatric Scale, the Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease Infant Scale, the Charcot-Marie-Tooth Health Index, and the Overall Neuropathy Limitation Scale (ONLS). In embodiments, the clinical assessment is the Charcot-Marie-Tooth Neuropathy Score (CMTNS). In embodiments, the clinical assessment is the Charcot-Marie-Tooth Neuropathy Score with Rasch weighting (CMTNS-R). In embodiments, the clinical assessment is the Charcot Marie-Tooth Neuropathy Score Version 2 (CMTNS-v2). In embodiments, the clinical assessment is the Charcot-Marie-Tooth Examination Score (CMTES). In embodiments, the clinical assessment is the Charcot-Marie- Tooth Examination Score with Rasch weighting (CMTES-R). In embodiments, the clinical assessment is the Charcot-Marie-Tooth Functional Outcome Measure (CMT-FOM). In embodiments, the clinical assessment is the Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease Pediatric Scale. In embodiments, the clinical assessment is the Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease Infant Scale. In embodiments, the clinical assessment the Charcot-Marie-Tooth Health Index. In embodiments, the clinical assessment is and the Overall Neuropathy Limitation Scale (ONLS). In embodiments, administration is intravenous administration. In embodiments, the administration is subcutaneous administration. In embodiments, at least one additional therapy is administered to the subject. In embodiments, the at least one additional therapy is PXT3003 comprising baclofen, sorbitol, and naltrexone. In embodiments, compounds provided herein are for use in therapy. In embodiments, pharmaceutical compositions provided herein are for use in therapy. In embodiments, the therapy is the treatment of a demyelinating disease. In embodiments, the therapy is the treatment of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. In embodiments, the therapy is the treatment of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease Type 1A (CMT1A). Formulations Various formulations are available to facilitate compound use both in vitro and as therapeutic agents. Accordingly, in embodiments, a compound provided herein is present in a formulation. Compounds may be formulated with cationic lipids to facilitate transfection into cells. Suitable cationic lipid reagents for transfection include Lipofectamine reagents, such as Lipofectamine RNAiMAX. For use in vivo as therapeutic agents, nucleic acids compounds may be encapsulated into lipid nanoparticles. Lipid nanoparticles generally comprise a cationic lipid, a non-cationic lipid, and a lipid that prevents aggregation of the nanoparticle. Suitable cationic lipids include DLin-MC3-DMA ((6Z,9Z,28Z,31Z)-Heptatriaconta-6,9,28,31-tetraen-19-yl 4-(dimethylamino)butanoate), DLin-KC2-DMA (2,2-dilinoleyl-4-dimethylaminoethyl-[1,3]-dioxolane) and the lipidoid C12-200. Suitable non-cationic lipids include, for example, DOPC (1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine) and DSPC (1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine). Examples of lipids that prevent aggregation include, for example, polyethylene glycol (PEG)-lipids, such as PEG-C-DMA (3-N-[(ω-methoxypoly(ethylene glycol)2000)carbamoyl]-1,2-dimyristyloxy-propylamine), PEG2000-C-DMG (α-(3-{[1,2-di(myristyloxy)proponoxy]carbonylamino}propyl)- ω-methoxy, polyoxyethylene), and mPEG-DSPE (1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[methoxy( polyethylene glycol)-2000]). Embodiments Embodiment 1. A compound comprising an antisense strand and a sense strand hybridized to form a double-stranded nucleic acid, wherein each of the antisense strand and sense strands is 15 to 25 nucleotides in length, the nucleotide sequence of the antisense strand is at least 90% complementary to the human peripheral myelin protein 22 mRNA (SEQ ID NO: 1170), and the nucleotide sequence of the sense strand has no more than two mismatches to the nucleotide sequence of the antisense strand in the double-stranded region. Embodiment 2. The compound of embodiment 1, wherein each of the antisense strand and sense strands is 15 to 25 nucleotides in length, the nucleotide sequence of the antisense strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides of any one of SEQ ID NOs 491, 492, 493, 494, 495, 497, 498, 503, 504, 506, 510, 511, 514, 515, 516, 518, 524, 526, 529, 531, 532, 533, 534, 535, 536, 538, 539, 540, 541, 542, 543, 545, 546, 547, 548, 550, 553, 554, 556, 558, 559, 560, 561, 563, 567, 569, 575, 576, 579, 580, 581, 582, 583, 585, 590, 591, 595, 597, 600, 605, 609, 610, 618, 622, 623, 628, 630, 631, 633, 635, 637, 639, 641, 642, 643, 644, 645, 1112, 1113, 1114, 1115, 1116, 1117, 1118, 1119, 1120, 1122, 1124, 1125, 1126, 1127, 1128, 1129, 1130, 1131, 1132, 1133, 1134, 1135, 1136, 1137, 1138, 1139, 1140, 1141, 1142, 1143, 1144, 1145, 1146, 1147, 1148, 1149, 1150, 1151, 1152, 1153, 1154, 1155, 1156, 1157, 1158, 1159, 1160, 1161, 1162, 1163, 1164, 1165, 1166, 1167, 1168, 1169, 1118, 1121, 1123, 1126, and 1144, and the nucleotide sequence of the sense strand has no more than two mismatches to the nucleotide sequence of the antisense strand. Embodiment 3. The compound of embodiment 2, wherein the nucleotide sequence of the antisense strand comprises at least 16, at least 17, at least 18, at least 19, at least 20, at least 21, at least 22, or 23 contiguous nucleotides selected from any one of SEQ ID NOs 491, 492, 493, 494, 495, 497, 498, 503, 504, 506, 510, 511, 514, 515, 516, 518, 524, 526, 529, 531, 532, 533, 534, 535, 536, 538, 539, 540, 541, 542, 543, 545, 546, 547, 548, 550, 553, 554, 556, 558, 559, 560, 561, 563, 567, 569, 575, 576, 579, 580, 581, 582, 583, 585, 590, 591, 595, 597, 600, 605, 609, 610, 618, 622, 623, 628, 630, 631, 633, 635, 637, 639, 641, 642, 643, 644, 645, 1112, 1113, 1114, 1115, 1116, 1117, 1118, 1119, 1120, 1122, 1124, 1125, 1126, 1127, 1128, 1129, 1130, 1131, 1132, 1133, 1134, 1135, 1136, 1137, 1138, 1139, 1140, 1141, 1142, 1143, 1144, 1145, 1146, 1147, 1148, 1149, 1150, 1151, 1152, 1153, 1154, 1155, 1156, 1157, 1158, 1159, 1160, 1161, 1162, 1163, 1164, 1165, 1166, 1167, 1168, 1169, 1118, 1121, 1123, 1126, and 1144. Embodiment 4. The compound of embodiment 3, wherein the nucleotide sequence of the antisense strand comprises 19 contiguous nucleotides of a nucleotide sequence selected from any one of SEQ ID NOs 491, 492, 493, 494, 495, 497, 498, 503, 504, 506, 510, 511, 514, 515, 516, 518, 524, 526, 529, 531, 532, 533, 534, 535, 536, 538, 539, 540, 541, 542, 543, 545, 546, 547, 548, 550, 553, 554, 556, 558, 559, 560, 561, 563, 567, 569, 575, 576, 579, 580, 581, 582, 583, 585, 590, 591, 595, 597, 600, 605, 609, 610, 618, 622, 623, 628, 630, 631, 633, 635, 637, 639, 641, 642, 643, 644, 645, 1112, 1113, 1114, 1115, 1116, 1117, 1118, 1119, 1120, 1122, 1124, 1125, 1126, 1127, 1128, 1129, 1130, 1131, 1132, 1133, 1134, 1135, 1136, 1137, 1138, 1139, 1140, 1141, 1142, 1143, 1144, 1145, 1146, 1147, 1148, 1149, 1150, 1151, 1152, 1153, 1154, 1155, 1156, 1157, 1158, 1159, 1160, 1161, 1162, 1163, 1164, 1165, 1166, 1167, 1168, 1169, 1118, 1121, 1123, 1126, and 1144. Embodiment 5. The compound of any one of embodiments 1 to 4, wherein the antisense strand is 17 to 23 nucleotides in length. Embodiment 6. The compound of any one of embodiments 1 to 5, wherein the antisense strand is 19 to 21 nucleotides in length. Embodiment 7. The compound of any one of embodiments 1 to 5, wherein the antisense strand is 21 to 23 nucleotides in length. Embodiment 8. The compound of any one of embodiments 1 to 5, wherein the antisense strand is 19 nucleotides in length. Embodiment 9. The compound of any one of embodiments 1 to 5, wherein the antisense strand is 20 nucleotides in length. Embodiment 10. The compound of any one of embodiments 1 to 5, wherein the antisense strand is 21 nucleotides in length. Embodiment 11. The compound of any one of embodiments 1 to 5, wherein the antisense strand is 22 nucleotides in length. Embodiment 12. The compound of any one of embodiments 1 to 5, wherein the antisense strand is 23 nucleotides in length. Embodiment 13. The compound of any one of embodiments 1 to 12, wherein the nucleotide sequence of the antisense strand is at least 95% complementary to SEQ ID NO: 1. Embodiment 14. The compound of any one of embodiments 1 to 12, wherein the nucleotide sequence of the antisense strand is 100% complementary to SEQ ID NO: 1. Embodiment 15. The compound of any one of embodiments 1 to 14, wherein the sense strand is 17 to 23 nucleotides in length. Embodiment 16. The compound of any one of embodiments 1 to 14, wherein the sense strand is 19 to 21 nucleotides in length. Embodiment 17. The compound of any one of embodiments 1 to 14, wherein the sense strand is 21 to 23 nucleotides in length. Embodiment 18. The compound of any one of embodiments 1 to 14, wherein the sense strand is 19 nucleotides in length. Embodiment 19. The compound of any one of embodiments 1 to 14, wherein the sense strand is 20 nucleotides in length. Embodiment 20. The compound of any one of embodiments 1 to 14, wherein the sense strand is 21 nucleotides in length. Embodiment 21. The compound of any one of embodiments 1 to 14, wherein the sense strand is 22 nucleotides in length. Embodiment 22. The compound of any one of embodiments 1 to 14, wherein the sense strand is 23 nucleotides in length. Embodiment 23. The compound of any one of embodiments 1 to 22, wherein the double-stranded region is 15 to 25 nucleotide pairs in length. Embodiment 24. The compound of any one of embodiments 1 to 22, wherein the double-stranded region is 17 to 23 nucleotide pairs in length. Embodiment 25. The compound of any one of embodiments 1 to 22, wherein the double-stranded region is 19 to 21 nucleotide pairs in length. Embodiment 26. The compound of any one of embodiments 1 to 22, wherein the double-stranded region is 19 nucleotide pairs in length. Embodiment 27. The compound of any one of embodiments 1 to 22, wherein the double-stranded region is 20 nucleotide pairs in length. Embodiment 28. The compound of any one of embodiments 1 to 22, wherein the double-stranded region is 21 nucleotide pairs in length. Embodiment 29. The compound of any one of embodiments 1 to 28, wherein the nucleotide sequence of the sense strand has no more than one mismatch to the nucleotide sequence of the antisense strand in the double-stranded region. Embodiment 30. The compound of any one of embodiments 1 to 28, wherein the nucleotide sequence of the sense strand has no mismatches to the nucleotide sequence of the antisense strand in the double-stranded region. Embodiment 31. The compound of embodiment 4, wherein the antisense strand is 21 nucleotides in length and the nucleotide sequence of the antisense strand is identical to a nucleotide sequence selected from any one of SEQ ID NOs 491, 492, 493, 494, 495, 497, 498, 503, 504, 506, 510, 511, 514, 515, 516, 518, 524, 526, 529, 531, 532, 533, 534, 535, 536, 538, 539, 540, 541, 542, 543, 545, 546, 547, 548, 550, 553, 554, 556, 558, 559, 560, 561, 563, 567, 569, 575, 576, 579, 580, 581, 582, 583, 585, 590, 591, 595, 597, 600, 605, 609, 610, 618, 622, 623, 628, 630, 631, 633, 635, 637, 639, 641, 642, 643, 644, and 645. Embodiment 32. The compound of embodiment 4, wherein the antisense strand is 23 nucleotides in length and the nucleotide sequence of the antisense strand is identical to a nucleotide sequence selected from any one of SEQ ID NOs 1112, 1113, 1114, 1115, 1116, 1117, 1118, 1119, 1120, 1122, 1124, 1125, 1126, 1127, 1128, 1129, 1130, 1131, 1132, 1133, 1134, 1135, 1136, 1137, 1138, 1139, 1140, 1141, 1142, 1143, 1144, 1145, 1146, 1147, 1148, 1149, 1150, 1151, 1152, 1153, 1154, 1155, 1156, 1157, 1158, 1159, 1160, 1161, 1162, 1163, 1164, 1165, 1166, 1167, 1168, 1169, 1118, 1126, and 1144. Embodiment 33. The compound of any one of embodiments 1 to 32, wherein the antisense strand and the sense strand are not covalently linked. Embodiment 34. The compound of any one of embodiments 1 to 33, wherein the hybridization of the antisense strand to the sense strand forms at least one blunt end. Embodiment 35. The compound of embodiment 34, wherein the hybridization of the antisense strand to the sense strand forms a blunt end at each terminus of the compound. Embodiment 36. The compound of any one of embodiments 1 to 34, wherein at least one strand comprises a 3’ nucleotide overhang of one to five nucleotides. Embodiment 37. The compound of embodiment 36, wherein the sense strand comprises the 3’ nucleotide overhang. Embodiment 38. The compound of embodiment 36, wherein the antisense strand comprises the 3’ nucleotide overhang. Embodiment 39. The compound of embodiment 36, wherein each of the sense strand and the antisense strand comprises a 3’ nucleotide overhang of one to five nucleotides. Embodiment 40. The compound of embodiment 38 or 39, wherein each nucleotide of the 3’ nucleotide overhang of the antisense strand is complementary to SEQ ID NO: 1. Embodiment 41. The compound of embodiment 38 or 39, wherein each nucleotide of the 3’ nucleotide overhang of the antisense strand is not complementary to SEQ ID NO: 1. Embodiment 42. The compound of any one of embodiments 36 to 41, wherein each nucleotide of the 3’ nucleotide overhang is a deoxythymidine. Embodiment 43. The compound of any one of embodiments 36 to 42, wherein the 3’ nucleotide overhang is two nucleotides in length. Embodiment 44. The compound of any one of embodiments 1 to 4, wherein the double- stranded nucleic acid comprises an antisense strand and sense strand of any of the following pairs of SEQ ID NOs: 1018 and 1144; SEQ ID NOs: 1018 and 1144; SEQ ID NOs: 993 and 1164; SEQ ID NOs: 1108 and 1156; SEQ ID NOs: 1051 and 1158; SEQ ID NOs: 1069 and 1168; SEQ ID NOs: 993 and 1164; SEQ ID NOs: 1108 and 1156; SEQ ID NOs: 1047 and 1160; SEQ ID NOs: 1111 and 1161; SEQ ID NOs: 1066 and 1136; SEQ ID NOs: 1110 and 1122; SEQ ID NOs: 986 and 1142; SEQ ID NOs: 1047 and 1160; SEQ ID NOs: 1111 and 1161; SEQ ID NOs: 1066 and 1136; SEQ ID NOs: 1110 and 1122; SEQ ID NOs: 986 and 1142; SEQ ID NOs: 1018 and 1144; SEQ ID NOs: 1018 and 1144; SEQ ID NOs: 1018 and 1144; SEQ ID NOs: 1018 and 1144; SEQ ID NOs: 1018 and 1144; SEQ ID NOs: 1018 and 1144; SEQ ID NOs: 1018 and 1144; SEQ ID NOs: 1015 and 1144; SEQ ID NOs: 1015 and 1144; SEQ ID NOs: 1015 and 1144; SEQ ID NOs: 1091 and 1151; SEQ ID NOs: 1045 and 1152; SEQ ID NOs: 1103 and 1155; SEQ ID NOs: 1065 and 1140; SEQ ID NOs: 1067 and 1141; SEQ ID NOs: 1021 and 1147; SEQ ID NOs: 1019 and 1143; SEQ ID NOs: 1000 and 1127; SEQ ID NOs: 1060 and 1138; SEQ ID NOs: 1034 and 1153; SEQ ID NOs: 1088 and 1157; SEQ ID NOs: 1037 and 1154; SEQ ID NOs: 1091 and 1151; SEQ ID NOs: 1045 and 1152; SEQ ID NOs: 1103 and 1155; SEQ ID NOs: 1054 and 1126; SEQ ID NOs: 1028 and 1131; SEQ ID NOs: 1097 and 1128; SEQ ID NOs: 1065 and 1140; SEQ ID NOs: 1001 and 1129; SEQ ID NOs: 994 and 1112; SEQ ID NOs: 1086 and 1145; SEQ ID NOs: 977 and 1125; SEQ ID NOs: 1067 and 1141; SEQ ID NOs: 1021 and 1147; SEQ ID NOs: 1077 and 1134; SEQ ID NOs: 1022 and 1117; SEQ ID NOs: 1010 and 1165; SEQ ID NOs: 1071 and 1133; SEQ ID NOs: 1009 and 1150; SEQ ID NOs: 1081 and 1119; SEQ ID NOs: 997 and 1124; SEQ ID NOs: 1063 and 1130; SEQ ID NOs: 1029 and 1148; SEQ ID NOs: 1056 and 1163; SEQ ID NOs: 1039 and 1113; SEQ ID NOs: 1033 and 1149; SEQ ID NOs: 1031 and 1132; SEQ ID NOs: 1008 and 1139; SEQ ID NOs: 1026 and 1118; SEQ ID NOs: 999 and 1166; SEQ ID NOs: 979 and 1169; SEQ ID NOs: 1098 and 1137; SEQ ID NOs: 1027 and 1135; SEQ ID NOs: 1073 and 1114; SEQ ID NOs: 1078 and 1116; SEQ ID NOs: 981 and 1115; SEQ ID NOs: 1030 and 1159; SEQ ID NOs: 992 and 1146; SEQ ID NOs: 1024 and 1167; SEQ ID NOs: 1007 and 1162; SEQ ID NOs: 978 and 1120; SEQ ID NOs: 1028 and 1131; SEQ ID NOs: 1097 and 1128; SEQ ID NOs: 994 and 1112; SEQ ID NOs: 1086 and 1145; SEQ ID NOs: 977 and 1125; SEQ ID NOs: 1022 and 1117; SEQ ID NOs: 1010 and 1165; SEQ ID NOs: 1071 and 1133; SEQ ID NOs: 1009 and 1150; SEQ ID NOs: 1081 and 1119; SEQ ID NOs: 1029 and 1148; and SEQ ID NOs: 1039 and 1113. Embodiment 45. The compound of any one of embodiments 1 to 44, wherein at least one nucleotide of the antisense strand is a modified nucleotide. Embodiment 46. The compound of any one of embodiments 1 to 45, wherein at least one nucleotide of the sense strand is a modified nucleotide. Embodiment 47. The compound of any one of embodiments 1 to 46, wherein each nucleotide of the antisense strand forming the double-stranded region is a modified nucleotide. Embodiment 48. The compound of any one of embodiments 1 to 47, wherein each nucleotide of the sense strand forming the double-stranded region is a modified nucleotide. Embodiment 49. The compound of any one of embodiments 1 to 48, wherein each nucleotide of the antisense strand is a modified nucleotide. Embodiment 50. The compound of any one of embodiments 1 to 49, wherein each nucleotide of the sense strand is a modified nucleotide. Embodiment 51. The compound of any one of embodiments 45 to 50, wherein the modified nucleotide comprises one or more of a modified sugar moiety, a modified internucleotide linkage, and a 5’-terminal modified phosphate group. Embodiment 52. The compound of embodiment 51, wherein the modified nucleotide comprising a modified sugar moiety is selected from a 2’-fluoro nucleotide, a 2’-O-methyl nucleotide, a 2’-O-methoxyethyl nucleotide, and a bicyclic sugar nucleotide. Embodiment 53. The compound of embodiment 51, wherein the modified internucleotide linkage is a phosphorothioate internucleotide linkage. Embodiment 54. The compound of embodiment 53, wherein the first two internucleotide linkages at the 5’ terminus of the sense strand and the last two internucleotide linkages at the 3’ terminus of the sense strand are phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages. Embodiment 55. The compound of embodiment 54, wherein the first two internucleotide linkages at the 5’ terminus of the antisense strand and the last two internucleotide linkages at the 3’ terminus of the antisense strand are phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages. Embodiment 56. The compound of embodiment 52, wherein the covalent linkage of the bicyclic sugar is selected from a 4’-CH(CH3)-O-2’ linkage, a 4'-(CH2)2-O-2' linkage, a 4'- CH(CH2-OMe)-O-2' linkage, 4’-CH2-N(CH3)-O-2’ linkage, and 4’-CH2-N(H)-O-2’ linkage. Embodiment 57. The compound of embodiment 51, wherein the 5’-terminal modified phosphate group is a 5’-(E)-vinylphosphonate. Embodiment 58. The compound of any one of embodiments 1 to 57, wherein the antisense strand is 21 nucleotides in length and the nucleotides of the antisense strand are modified such that, counting from the 5’ terminus of the antisense strand, nucleotides 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, and 19 are 2’-O-methyl nucleotides, nucleotides 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, and 18 are 2’-fluoro nucleotides, and nucleotides 20 and 21 are beta-D-deoxynucleotides, the first two internucleotide linkages at the 5’ terminus and the last two internucleotide linkages at the 3’ terminus are phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages, and each other internucleotide linkage is a phosphodiester internucleotide linkage; and wherein the sense strand is 21 nucleotides in length and the nucleotides of the sense strand are modified such that, counting from the 5’ terminus of the sense strand, nucleotides 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, and 19 are 2’-fluoro nucleotides, nucleotides 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, and 18 are 2’-O-methyl nucleotides, and nucleotides 20 and 21 are beta-D-deoxynucleotides, the first two internucleotide linkages at the 5’ terminus and the last two internucleotide linkages at the 3’ terminus are phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages, and each other internucleotide linkage is a phosphodiester internucleotide linkage. Embodiment 59. The compound of any one of embodiments 1 to 57, wherein the antisense strand is 21 nucleotides in length and the nucleotides of the antisense strand are modified such that, counting from the 5’ terminus of the antisense strand, nucleotides 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, and 19 are 2’-O-methyl nucleotides, nucleotides 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, and 18 are 2’-fluoro nucleotides, and nucleotides 20 and 21 are beta-D-deoxy nucleotides, the first two internucleotide linkages at the 5’ terminus and the last two internucleotide linkages at the 3’ terminus are phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages, and each other internucleotide linkage is a phosphodiester internucleotide linkage; and wherein the sense strand is 19 nucleotides in length and the nucleotides of the sense strand are modified such that, counting from the 5’ terminus of the sense strand, nucleotides 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, and 19 are 2’-fluoro nucleotides and nucleotides 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, and 18 are 2’-O-methyl nucleotides, the first two internucleotide linkages at the 5’ terminus and the last two internucleotide linkages at the 3’ terminus are phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages, and each other internucleotide linkage is a phosphodiester internucleotide linkage. Embodiment 60. The compound of any one of embodiments 1 to 57, wherein the antisense strand is 23 nucleotides in length and wherein the nucleotides of the antisense strand are modified such that, counting from the 5’ terminus of the antisense strand, nucleotides 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 22, and 23 are 2’-O-methyl nucleotides and nucleotides 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, and 20 are 2’-fluoro nucleotides the first two internucleotide linkages at the 5’ terminus and the last two internucleotide linkages at the 3’ terminus are phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages, and each other internucleotide linkage is a phosphodiester internucleotide linkage; and wherein the sense strand is 21 nucleotides in length and the nucleotides of the sense strand are modified such that, counting from the 5’ terminus of the sense strand, nucleotides 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, and 21 are 2’-fluoro nucleotides, nucleotides 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, and 20 are 2’-O-methyl nucleotides, the first two internucleotide linkages at the 5’ terminus and the last two internucleotide linkages at the 3’ terminus are phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages, and each other internucleotide linkage is a phosphodiester internucleotide linkage. Embodiment 61. The compound of any one of embodiments 1 to 57, wherein the antisense strand is 23 nucleotides in length and wherein the nucleotides of the antisense strand are modified such that, counting from the 5’ terminus of the antisense strand, nucleotides 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 22, and 23 are 2’-O-methyl nucleotides, nucleotides 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, and 20 are 2’-fluoro nucleotides, the first two internucleotide linkages at the 5’ terminus and the last two internucleotide linkages at the 3’ terminus are phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages, and each other internucleotide linkage is a phosphodiester internucleotide linkage; and wherein the sense strand is 21 nucleotides in length and wherein the nucleotides of the sense strand are modified such that, counting from the 5’ terminus of the sense strand, nucleotides 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 14, 16, 18, 19, 20, and 21 are 2’-O-methyl nucleotides, nucleotides 5, 7, 9, 10, 11, 13, 15, and 17 are 2’- fluoro nucleotides, the first two internucleotide linkages at the 5’ terminus and the last two internucleotide linkages at the 3’ terminus are phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages, and each other internucleotide linkage is a phosphodiester internucleotide linkage. Embodiment 62. The compound of any one of embodiments 1 to 57, wherein the antisense strand is 23 nucleotides in length and wherein the nucleotides of the antisense strand are modified such that, counting from the 5’ terminus of the antisense strand, nucleotides 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 12, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 22, and 23 are 2’-O-methyl nucleotides and nucleotides 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 14, 16, 18, and 20 are 2’-fluoro nucleotides, the first two internucleotide linkages at the 5’ terminus and the last two internucleotide linkages at the 3’ terminus are phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages, and each other internucleotide linkage is a phosphodiester internucleotide linkage; and wherein the sense strand is 21 nucleotides in length and the nucleotides of the sense strand are modified such that, counting from the 5’ terminus of the sense strand, nucleotides 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 10, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, and 21 are 2’-fluoronucleotides, nucleotides 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 14, 16, 18, and 20 are 2’-O-methyl nucleotides, the first two internucleotide linkages at the 5’ terminus and the last two internucleotide linkages at the 3’ terminus are phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages, and each other internucleotide linkage is a phosphodiester internucleotide linkage. Embodiment 63. The compound of any one of embodiments 1 to 57, wherein the antisense strand is 23 nucleotides in length and wherein the nucleotides of the antisense strand are modified such that, counting from the 5’ terminus of the antisense strand, nucleotides 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 10, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 22, and 23 are 2’-O-methyl nucleotides and nucleotides 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 14, 16, 18, and 20 are 2’-fluoro nucleotides, the first two internucleotide linkages at the 5’ terminus and the last two internucleotide linkages at the 3’ terminus are phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages ,and each other internucleotide linkage is a phosphodiester internucleotide linkage; and wherein the sense strand is 21 nucleotides in length and nucleotides of the sense strand are modified such that, counting from the 5’ terminus of the sense strand, nucleotides 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 12, 13, 15, 17, 19, and 21 are 2’-fluoro nucleotides, nucleotides 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 14, 16, 18, and 20 are 2’-O-methyl nucleotides, the first two internucleotide linkages at the 5’ terminus and the last two internucleotide linkages at the 3’ terminus are phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages, and each other internucleotide linkage is a phosphodiester internucleotide linkage. Embodiment 64. The compound of any one of embodiments 1 to 57, wherein the antisense strand is 23 nucleotides in length and the nucleotides of the antisense strand are modified such that, counting from the 5’ terminus of the antisense strand, nucleotides 1, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 22, and 23 are 2’-O-methyl nucleotides, nucleotides 2, 4, 6, 10, 14, 16, 18, and 20 are 2’-fluoro nucleotides, the first two internucleotide linkages at the 5’ terminus and the last two internucleotide linkages at the 3’ terminus are phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages, and each other internucleotide linkage is a phosphodiester internucleotide linkage; and wherein the sense strand is 21 nucleotides in length and the nucleoides of the sense strand are modified such that, counting from the 5’ terminus of the sense strand, nucleotides 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 19, 20, and 21 are 2’-O-methyl nucleotides, nucleotides 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, and 17 are 2’-fluoro nucleotides, the first two internucleotide linkages at the 5’ terminus and the last two internucleotide linkages at the 3’ terminus are phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages, and each other internucleotide linkage is a phosphodiester internucleotide linkage. Embodiment 65. The compound of any one of embodiments 1 to 57, wherein the antisense strand is 23 nucleotides in length and the nucleotides of the antisense strand are modified such that, counting from the 5’ terminus of the antisense strand, nucleotides 1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, and 23 are 2’-O-methyl nucleotides, nucleotides 2, 6, 14, and 16 are 2’-fluoro nucleotides, the first two internucleotide linkages at the 5’ terminus and the last two internucleotide linkages at the 3’ terminus are phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages, and each other internucleotide linkage is a phosphodiester internucleotide linkage; and wherein the sense strand is 21 nucleotides in length and the nucleotides of the sense strand are modified such that, counting from the 5’ terminus of the sense strand, nucleotides 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, and 21 are 2’-O-methyl nucleotides, nucleotides 7, 9, 10, and 11 are 2’-fluoro nucleotides, the first two internucleotide linkages at the 5’ terminus and the last two internucleotide linkages at the 3’ terminus are phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages, and each other internucleotide linkage is a phosphodiester internucleotide linkage. Embodiment 66. The compound of any one of embodiments 1 to 57, wherein the antisense strand is 23 nucleotides in length and the nucleotides of the antisense strand are modified such that, counting from the 5’ terminus of the antisense strand, nucleotides 1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, and 23 are 2’-O-methyl nucleotides, nucleotides 2, 6, 14, and 16 are 2’-fluoro nucleotides, the first two internucleotide linkages at the 5’ terminus and the last two internucleotide linkages at the 3’ terminus are phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages, and each other internucleotide linkage is a phosphodiester internucleotide linkage; and wherein the sense strand is 21 nucleotides in length and the nucleotides of the sense strand are modified such that, counting from the 5’ terminus of the sense strand, nucleotides 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, and 21 are 2’-O-methyl nucleotides, nucleotides 7, 9, 10, and 11 are 2’-fluoro nucleotides, the first two internucleotide linkages at the 5’ terminus are phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages, and each other internucleotide linkage is a phosphodiester internucleotide linkage. Embodiment 67. The compound of any one of embodiments 1 to 57, wherein the antisense strand is 23 nucleotides in length and wherein the nucleotides of the antisense strand are modified such that, counting from the 5’ terminus of the antisense strand, nucleotides 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 22, and 23 are 2’-O-methyl nucleotides, nucleotides 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, and 20 are 2’-fluoro nucleotides, the first two internucleotide linkages at the 5’ terminus and the last two internucleotide linkages at the 3’ terminus are phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages, and each other internucleotide linkage is a phosphodiester internucleotide linkage; and wherein the sense strand is 21 nucleotides in length and wherein the nucleotides of the sense strand are modified such that, counting from the 5’ terminus of the sense strand, nucleotides 1 and 2 are 2’-O-methoxyethyl nucleotides, nucleotides 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 14, 16, 18, 19, 20, and 21 are 2’-O-methyl nucleotides, nucleotides 5, 7, 9, 10, 11, 13, 15, and 17 are 2’-fluoro nucleotides, the first two internucleotide linkages at the 5’ terminus and the last two internucleotide linkages at the 3’ terminus are phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages, and each other internucleotide linkage is a phosphodiester internucleotide linkage. Embodiment 68. The compound of any one of embodiments 1 to 57, wherein the antisense strand is 23 nucleotides in length and wherein the nucleotides of the antisense strand are modified such that, counting from the 5’ terminus of the antisense strand, nucleotides 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 22, and 23 are 2’-O-methyl nucleotides, nucleotides 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, and 20 are 2’-fluoro nucleotides, the first two internucleotide linkages at the 5’ terminus and the last two internucleotide linkages at the 3’ terminus are phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages, and each other internucleotide linkage is a phosphodiester internucleotide linkage; and wherein the sense strand is 21 nucleotides in length and wherein the nucleotides of the sense strand are modified such that, counting from the 5’ terminus of the sense strand, nucleotides 2 and 3 are 2’-O-methoxyethyl nucleotides, nucleotides 1, 4, 6, 8, 12, 14, 16, 18, 19, 20, and 21 are 2’-O-methyl nucleotides, nucleotides 5, 7, 9, 10, 11, 13, 15, and 17 are 2’-fluoro nucleotides, the first two internucleotide linkages at the 5’ terminus and the last two internucleotide linkages at the 3’ terminus are phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages, and each other internucleotide linkage is a phosphodiester internucleotide linkage. Embodiment 69. The compound of any one of embodiments 1 to 57, wherein the antisense strand is 23 nucleotides in length and wherein the nucleotides of the antisense strand are modified such that, counting from the 5’ terminus of the antisense strand, nucleotides 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 22, and 23 are 2’-O-methyl nucleotides, nucleotides 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, and 20 are 2’-fluoro nucleotides, the first two internucleotide linkages at the 5’ terminus and the last two internucleotide linkages at the 3’ terminus are phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages, and each other internucleotide linkage is a phosphodiester internucleotide linkage; and wherein the sense strand is 21 nucleotides in length and wherein the nucleotides of the sense strand are modified such that, counting from the 5’ terminus of the sense strand, nucleotides 2, 3, 19 and 20 are 2’-O- methoxyethyl nucleotides, nucleotides 1, 4, 6, 8, 12, 14, 16, 18, and 21 are 2’-O-methyl nucleotides, nucleotides 5, 7, 9, 10, 11, 13, 15, and 17 are 2’-fluoro nucleotides, the first two internucleotide linkages at the 5’ terminus and the last two internucleotide linkages at the 3’ terminus are phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages, and each other internucleotide linkage is a phosphodiester internucleotide linkage. Embodiment 70. The compound of any one of embodiments 1 to 57, wherein the antisense strand is 23 nucleotides in length and wherein the nucleotides of the antisense strand are modified such that, counting from the 5’ terminus of the antisense strand, nucleotides 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 22, and 23 are 2’-O-methyl nucleotides, nucleotides 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, and 20 are 2’-fluoro nucleotides, the first two internucleotide linkages at the 5’ terminus and the last two internucleotide linkages at the 3’ terminus are phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages, and each other internucleotide linkage is a phosphodiester internucleotide linkage; and wherein the sense strand is 21 nucleotides in length and wherein the nucleotides of the sense strand are modified such that, counting from the 5’ terminus of the sense strand, nucleotides 1, 2, 3, and 4 are 2’-O- methoxyethyl nucleotides, nucleotides 6, 8, 12, 14, 16, 18, 19, 20 and 21 are 2’-O-methyl nucleotides, nucleotides 5, 7, 9, 10, 11, 13, 15, and 17 are 2’-fluoro nucleotides, the first two internucleotide linkages at the 5’ terminus and the last two internucleotide linkages at the 3’ terminus are phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages, and each other internucleotide linkage is a phosphodiester internucleotide linkage. Embodiment 71. The compound of any one of embodiments 58 to 70, wherein the 5’ terminal phosphate group of the antisense strand is a 5’-(E)-vinylphosphonate group. Embodiment 72. The compound of any one of embodiments 1 to 71, wherein the compound comprises a ligand covalently linked to one or more of the antisense strand and the sense strand of the double-stranded nucleic acid. Embodiment 73. The compound of embodiment 72, wherein the ligand is squalene. Embodiment 74. The compound of embodiment 72, wherein the compound has the structure: wherein A is the antisense strand and/or the sense strand of the double-stranded nucleic acid; wherein t is an integer from 1 to 5; L 3 and L 4 are independently a bond, -N(R 23 )-, -O-, -S-, -C(O)-, -N(R 23 )C(O)-, -C(O)N(R 24 )-, -N(R 23 )C(O)N(R 24 )-, -C(O)O-, -OC(O)-, -N(R 23 )C(O)O-, -OC(O)N(R 24 )-, -OPO2-O-, -O-P(O)(S)-O-, -O-P(O)(R 25 )-O-, -O-P(S)(R 25 )-O-, -O-P(O)(NR 23 R 24 )-N-, -O-P(S)(NR 23 R 24 )-N-, -O-P(O)(NR 23 R 24 )-O-, -O-P(S)(NR 23 R 24 )-O-, -P(O)(NR 23 R 24 )-N-, -P(S)(NR 23 R 24 )-N-, -P(O)(NR 23 R 24 )-O-, -P(S)(NR 23 R 24 )-O-,-S-S-, substituted or unsubstituted alkylene, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkylene, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkylene, substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkylene, substituted or unsubstituted arylene or substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene; L 5 is -L 5A -L 5B -L 5C -L 5D -L 5E -; L 6 is -L 6A -L 6B -L 6C -L 6D -L 6E -; R 1 and R 2 are independently unsubstituted C 1 -C 25 alkyl, wherein at least one of R 1 and R 2 is unsubstituted C9-C19 alkyl; R 3 is hydrogen, -NH2, -OH, -SH, -C(O)H, -C(O)NH2, -NHC(O)H, -NHC(O)OH, -NHC(O)NH 2 , -C(O)OH, -OC(O)H, –N 3 , substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl; L 5A , L 5B , L 5C , L 5D , L 5E , L 6A , L 6B , L 6C , L 6D , and L 6E are independently a bond, -NH-, -O-, -S-, -C(O)-, -NHC(O)-, -NHC(O)NH-, -C(O)O-, -OC(O)-, –C(O)NH-, substituted or unsubstituted alkylene, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkylene, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkylene, substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkylene, substituted or unsubstituted arylene or substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene; and each R 23 , R 24 and R 25 is independently hydrogen or unsubstituted C1-C10 alkyl. Embodiment 75. The compound of embodiment 74, wherein t is 1. Embodiment 76. The compound of embodiment 74, wherein t is 2. Embodiment 77. The compound of embodiment 74, wherein t is 3. Embodiment 78. The compound of any one of embodiments 74 to 77, wherein A is the sense strand. Embodiment 79. The compound of any one of embodiments 74 to 78, wherein A is the antisense strand. Embodiment 80. The compound of one of embodiments 74 to 79, wherein each of R 23 , R 24 and R 25 is independently hydrogen or unsubstituted C 1 -C 3 alkyl. Embodiment 81. The compound of one of embodiments 74 to 80, wherein one L 3 is attached to a 3’ carbon of a nucleotide. Embodiment 82. The compound of embodiment 81, wherein the 3’ carbon is the 3’ carbon of a 3’ terminal nucleotide. Embodiment 83 The compound of one of embodiments 74 to 78, wherein one L 3 is attached to a 5’ carbon of a nucleotide. Embodiment 84. The compound of embodiment 83, wherein the 5’ carbon is the 5’ carbon of a 5’ terminal nucleotide. Embodiment 85. The compound of one of embodiments 74 to 78, wherein one L 3 is attached to a 2’ carbon of a nucleotide. Embodiment 86. The compound of one of embodiments 74 to 85, wherein L 3 and L 4 are independently a bond, -NH-, -O-, -C(O)-, -C(O)O-, -OC(O)-, -OPO 2 -O-, -O-P(O)(S)-O-, -O-P(O)(CH3)-O-, -O-P(S)(CH3)-O-, -O-P(O)(N(CH3)2)-N-, -O-P(O)(N(CH3)2)-O-, -O-P(S)(N(CH3)2)-N-, -O-P(S)(N(CH3)2)-O-, - P(O)(N(CH3)2)-N-, -P(O)(N(CH3)2)-O-, -P(S)(N(CH 3 ) 2 )-N-, -P(S)(N(CH 3 ) 2 )-O-, substituted or unsubstituted alkylene or substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkylene. Embodiment 87. The compound of one of embodiments 74 to 86, wherein L 3 is independently . Embodiment 88. The compound of one of embodiments 74 to 86, wherein L 3 is independently -OPO 2 -O- or –OP(O)(S)-O-. Embodiment 89. The compound of one of embodiments 74 to 86, wherein L 3 is independently –O-. Embodiment 90. The compound of any one of embodiments 74 to 86, wherein L 3 is independently -C(O)-. Embodiment 91. The compound of any one of embodiments 74 to 86, wherein L 3 is independently -O-P(O)(N(CH 3 ) 2 )-N-. Embodiment 92. The compound of one of embodiments 74 to 89, wherein L 4 is independently substituted or unsubstituted alkylene or substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkylene. Embodiment 93. The compound of one of embodiments 74 to 92, wherein L 4 is independently –L 7 -NH-C(O)- or –L 7 -C(O)-NH-, wherein L 7 is substituted or unsubstituted alkylene. Embodiment 94. The compound of one of embodiments 74 to 93, wherein L 4 is independently . Embodiment 95. The compound of one of embodiments 74 to 93, wherein L 4 is independently . Embodiment 96. The compound of one of embodiments 74 to 95, wherein –L 3 -L 4 - is independently –O-L 7 -NH-C(O)- or –O-L 7 -C(O)-NH-, wherein L 7 is independently substituted or unsubstituted alkylene, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkylene, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkenylene. Embodiment 97. The compound of embodiment 96, wherein –L 3 -L 4 - is independently –O-L 7 -NH-C(O)-, wherein L 7 is independently substituted or unsubstituted C 5 -C 8 alkylene. Embodiment 98. The compound of embodiment 97, wherein –L 3 -L 4 - is independently . Embodiment 99. The compound of one of embodiments 74 to 86, wherein –L 3 -L 4 - is independently -OPO 2 -O-L 7 -NH-C(O)-, -OP(O)(S)-O-L 7 -NH-C(O)-, -OPO 2 -O-L 7 -C(O)-NH- or –OP(O)(S)-O-L 7 -C(O)-NH-, wherein L 7 is independently substituted or unsubstituted alkylene. Embodiment 100. The compound of embodiment 99, wherein –L 3 -L 4 - is independently -OPO 2 -O-L 7 -NH-C(O)- or –OP(O)(S)-O-L 7 -NH-C(O)-, wherein L 7 is independently substituted or unsubstituted C 5 -C 8 alkylene. Embodiment 101. The compound of embodiment 100, wherein –L 3 -L 4 - is independently , Embodiment 102. The compound of embodiment 101, wherein an –L 3 -L 4 - is carbon of a 3’ terminal nucleotide. Embodiment 103. The compound of embodiment 101, wherein an –L 3 -L 4 - is terminal nucleotide. Embodiment 104. The compound of embodiment 101, wherein an –L 3 -L 4 - is independently and is attached to a 2’ carbon. Embodiment 105. The compound of one of embodiments 71 to 104, wherein R 3 is independently hydrogen. Embodiment 106. The compound of one of embodiments 71 to 105, wherein L 6 is independently -NHC(O)-, –C(O)NH-, substituted or unsubstituted alkylene, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkylene. Embodiment 107. The compound of embodiment 106, wherein L 6 is independently -NHC(O)-. Embodiment 108. The compound of embodiment 106, wherein L 6A is independently a bond or unsubstituted alkylene; L 6B is independently a bond, -NHC(O)-, or unsubstituted arylene; L 6C is independently a bond, unsubstituted alkylene, or unsubstituted arylene; L 6D is independently a bond or unsubstituted alkylene; and L 6E is independently a bond or -NHC(O)-. Embodiment 109. The compound of embodiment 106, wherein L 6A is independently a bond or unsubstituted C 1 -C 8 alkylene; L 6B is independently a bond, -NHC(O)-, or unsubstituted phenylene; L 6C is independently a bond, unsubstituted C2-C8 alkynylene, or unsubstituted phenylene; L 6D is independently a bond or unsubstituted C1-C8 alkylene; and L 6E is independently a bond or -NHC(O)-. Embodiment 110. The compound of one of embodiments 71 to 105, wherein L 6 is Embodiment 111. The compound of one of embodiments 71 to 110, wherein L 5 is independently -NHC(O)-, –C(O)NH-, substituted or unsubstituted alkylene, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkylene. Embodiment 112. The compound of one of embodiments 71 to 110, wherein L 5 is independently -NHC(O)-. Embodiment 113. The compound of one of embodiments 71 to 110, wherein L 5A is independently a bond or unsubstituted alkylene; L 5B is independently a bond, -NHC(O)-, or unsubstituted arylene; L 5C is independently a bond, unsubstituted alkylene, or unsubstituted arylene; L 5D is independently a bond or unsubstituted alkylene; and L 5E is independently a bond or -NHC(O)-. Embodiment 114. The compound of one of embodiments 71 to 110, wherein L 5A is independently a bond or unsubstituted C1-C8 alkylene; L 5B is independently a bond, -NHC(O)-, or unsubstituted phenylene; L 5C is independently a bond, unsubstituted C2-C8 alkynylene, or unsubstituted phenylene; L 5D is independently a bond or unsubstituted C 1 -C 8 alkylene; and L 5E is independently a bond or -NHC(O)-. Embodiment 115. The compound of one of embodiments 71 to 110, wherein L 5 is Embodiment 116. The compound of one of embodiments 71 to 110, wherein R 1 is unsubstituted C1-C17 alkyl. Embodiment 117. The compound of one of embodiments 71 to 110, wherein R 1 is unsubstituted C 11 -C 17 alkyl. Embodiment 118. The compound of one of embodiments 71 to 110, wherein R 1 is unsubstituted C 13 -C 17 alkyl. Embodiment 119. The compound of one of embodiments 71 to 110, wherein R 1 is unsubstituted C14-C15 alkyl. Embodiment 120. The compound of one of embodiments 71 to 110, wherein R 1 is unsubstituted unbranched C1-C17 alkyl. Embodiment 121. The compound of one of embodiments 71 to 110, wherein R 1 is unsubstituted unbranched C 11 -C 17 alkyl. Embodiment 122. The compound of one of embodiments 71 to 110, wherein R 1 is unsubstituted unbranched C13-C17 alkyl. Embodiment 123. The compound of one of embodiments 71 to 110, wherein R 1 is unsubstituted unbranched C 14 -C 15 alkyl. Embodiment 124. The compound of one of embodiments 71 to 110, wherein R 1 is unsubstituted unbranched saturated C1-C17 alkyl. Embodiment 125. The compound of one of embodiments 71 to 110, wherein R 1 is unsubstituted unbranched saturated C11-C17 alkyl. Embodiment 126. The compound of one of embodiments 71 to 110, wherein R 1 is unsubstituted unbranched saturated C 13 -C 17 alkyl. Embodiment 127. The compound of one of embodiments 71 to 110, wherein R 1 is unsubstituted unbranched saturated C14-C15 alkyl. Embodiment 128. The compound of one of embodiments 71 to 127, wherein R 2 is unsubstituted C 1 -C 17 alkyl. Embodiment 129. The compound of one of embodiments 71 to 127, wherein R 2 is unsubstituted C11-C17 alkyl. Embodiment 130. The compound of one of embodiments 71 to 127, wherein R 2 is unsubstituted C13-C17 alkyl. Embodiment 131. The compound of one of embodiments 71 to 127, wherein R 2 is unsubstituted C 14 -C 15 alkyl. Embodiment 132. The compound of one of embodiments 71 to 127, wherein R 2 is unsubstituted unbranched C1-C17 alkyl. Embodiment 133. The compound of one of embodiments 71 to 127, wherein R 2 is unsubstituted unbranched C 11 -C 17 alkyl. Embodiment 134. The compound of one of embodiments 71 to 127, wherein R 2 is unsubstituted unbranched C13-C17 alkyl. Embodiment 135. The compound of one of embodiments 71 to 127, wherein R 2 is unsubstituted unbranched C14-C15 alkyl. Embodiment 136. The compound of one of embodiments 71 to 127, wherein R 2 is unsubstituted unbranched saturated C1-C17 alkyl. Embodiment 137. The compound of one of embodiments 71 to 127, wherein R 2 is unsubstituted unbranched saturated C 11 -C 17 alkyl. Embodiment 138. The compound of one of embodiments 71 to 127, wherein R 2 is unsubstituted unbranched saturated C13-C17 alkyl. Embodiment 139. The compound of one of embodiments 71 to 127, wherein R 2 is unsubstituted unbranched saturated C 14 -C 15 alkyl. Embodiment 140. The compound of any one of embodiments 71 to 139, wherein the ligand is covalently linked to the antisense strand. Embodiment 141. The compound of any one of embodiments 71 to 139, wherein the ligand is covalently linked to the sense strand. Embodiment 142. The compound of embodiment 74, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - , the phosphate group of -L 3 -L 4 - is attached to the 3’ carbon of the 3’ terminal nucleotide of the sense strand, , L 5 is -NHC(O)-, R 3 is hydrogen, R 1 is unsubstituted unbranched C 15 alkyl, and R 2 is unsubstituted unbranched C 15 alkyl. Embodiment 143. The compound of embodiment 74, wherein -L 3 -L 4 - is , the phosphate group of -L 3 -L 4 - to the 3’ carbon of the 3’ terminal nucleotide of the sense strand, , 25 L 5 is -NHC(O)-, R 3 is hydrogen, R 1 is unsubstituted unbranched C13 alkyl, and R 2 is unsubstituted unbranched C13 alkyl. Embodiment 144. The compound of embodiment 74, wherein the compound is selected from any one of DT-000544, DT-000545, DT-000546, DT-000620, DT-000621, DT-000622, DT-000623, DT-000624, DT-000625, DT-000626, DT-000627, DT-000628, DT-000811, DT-000812, DT-000945, DT-000959, DT-000960, DT-000961, DT-000962, DT-000963, DT-000964, DT-000965, DT-000966, DT-000967, DT-001037, DT-001038, DT-001039, DT-001044, DT-001045, DT-001046, DT-001047, DT-001048, DT-001049, DT-001050, DT-001051, DT-001052, DT-001053, DT-001054, DT-001055, DT-001056, DT-001057, DT-001058, DT-001059, DT-001060, DT-001061, DT-001109, DT-001110, DT-001111, DT-001112, DT-001113, DT-001114, DT-001115, DT-001116, DT-001117, DT-001118, DT-001119, DT-001120, DT-001121, DT-001122, DT-001123, DT-001124, DT-001125, DT-001126, DT-001127, DT-001128, DT-001129, DT-001130, DT-001131, DT-001132, DT-001145, DT-001146, DT-001147, DT-001148, DT-001149, DT-001150, DT-001151, DT-001152, DT-001153, DT-001154, DT-001155, DT-001156, DT-001157, DT-001158, DT-001159, DT-001160, DT-001161, DT-001162, DT-001163, DT-001164, DT-001176, DT-001177, DT-001178, DT-001179, DT-001180, DT-001181, DT-001182, DT-001183, DT-001184, DT-001185, DT-001186, DT-001187, DT-001188, DT-001189, DT-001190, DT-001191, DT-001192, DT-001193, DT-001194, DT-001195, DT-001196, DT-001197, DT-001198, DT-001199, DT-001200, DT-001201, DT-001202, DT-001203, DT-001204, DT-001205, DT-001206, DT-001207, DT-001208, DT-001217, DT-001218, DT-001219, DT-001220, DT-001221, DT-001222, DT-001223, DT-001224, DT-001230, DT-001231, DT-001232, DT-001233, DT-001234, DT-001235, DT-001236, DT-001237, DT-001238, DT-001239, DT-001240, DT-001241, DT-001242, DT-001243, DT-001246, DT-001247, DT-001248, DT-001249, DT-001250, DT-001251, DT-001252, DT-001253, DT-001254, DT-001255, DT-001256, DT-001257, DT-001261, DT-001262, DT-001263, DT-001264, DT-001265, DT-001266, DT-001267, DT-001276, DT-001277, DT-001278, DT-001279, DT-001280, DT-001281, DT-001282, DT-001283, DT-001296, DT-001297, DT-001298, DT-001299, DT-001300, DT-001301, DT-001302, DT-001303, DT-001304, DT-001305, DT-001306, DT-001307, DT-001322, DT-001323, DT-001324, DT-001325, DT-001326, DT-001327, DT-001328, DT-001329, DT-001330, DT-001331, DT-001332, DT-001333, DT-001334, DT-001335, DT-001344, DT-001345, DT-001346, DT-001347, DT-001348, DT-001349, DT-001350, DT-001351, DT-001355, DT-001356, DT-001357, DT-001358, DT-001359, DT-001360, DT-001361, DT-001362, DT-001363, DT-001364, DT-001365, DT-001366, DT-001367, DT-001368, and DT-001369. Embodiment 145. The compound of embodiment 74, wherein the compound is DT- 000623. Embodiment 146. The compound of embodiment 74, wherein the compound is DT- 000812. Embodiment 147. The compound of embodiment 74, wherein the compound is DT- 001246. Embodiment 148. The compound of embodiment 74, wherein the compound is DT- 001247. Embodiment 149. The compound of embodiment 74, wherein the compound is DT- 001250. Embodiment 150. The compound of embodiment 74, wherein the compound is DT- 001251. Embodiment 151. The compound of embodiment 74, wherein the compound is DT- 001252. Embodiment 152. The compound of embodiment 74, wherein the compound is DT- 001253. Embodiment 153. The compound of embodiment 74, wherein the compound is DT- 001254. Embodiment 154. The compound of embodiment 74, wherein the compound is DT- 001255. Embodiment 155. The compound of embodiment 74, wherein the compound is DT- 001256. Embodiment 156. The compound of embodiment 74, wherein the compound is DT- 001257. Embodiment 157. The compound of any one of embodiments 1 to 156, wherein the compound is present as a pharmaceutical salt. Embodiment 158. The compound of embodiment 157, wherein the salt is a sodium salt. Embodiment 159. The compound of any one of embodiments 1 to 158, wherein the compound is present in a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent. Embodiment 160. The compound of embodiment 159, wherein the pharmaceutically acceptable diluent is a sterile aqueous solution. Embodiment 161. The compound of embodiment 160, wherein the sterile aqueous solution is a sterile saline solution. Embodiment 162. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound of any one of embodiments 1 to 161. Embodiment 163. A method of inhibiting the expression of peripheral myelin protein 22 (PMP22) mRNA in a cell, comprising contacting the cell with a compound of any one of embodiments 1 to 161, thereby inhibiting the expression of PMP22 mRNA in the cell. Embodiment 164. The method of embodiment 163, wherein the cell is a peripheral nerve cell. Embodiment 165. The method of embodiment 164, wherein the cell is in vitro. Embodiment 166. The method of embodiment 164, wherein the cell is in vivo. Embodiment 167. A method of inhibiting the expression of peripheral myelin protein 22 (PMP22) mRNA in a subject, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a compound of any one of embodiments 1 to 161 or the pharmaceutical composition of embodiment 162, thereby inhibiting the expression of peripheral myelin protein 22 (PMP22) mRNA. Embodiment 168. The method of embodiment 167, wherein the expression of PMP22 mRNA is inhibited in a peripheral nerve of the subject. Embodiment 169. The method of embodiment 168, wherein the peripheral nerve is one or more of a sciatic nerve, a brachial plexus nerve, a tibial nerve, a peroneal nerve, a femoral nerve, a lateral femoral cutaneous nerve, and a spinal accessory nerve. Embodiment 170. A method for increasing myelination and/or slowing the loss of myelination in a subject, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a compound of any one of embodiments 1 to 161 or the pharmaceutical composition of embodiment 162. Embodiment 171. The method of embodiment 170, wherein the administering increases myelination in the subject. Embodiment 172. The method of embodiment 170 or 171, wherein the administering slows the loss of myelination in the subject. Embodiment 173. The method of any one of embodiments 167 to 172, wherein the subject has a peripheral demyelinating disease. Embodiment 174. The method of embodiment 173, wherein the administration of the compound treats the peripheral demyelinating disease. Embodiment 175. The method of embodiment 173 or 174, wherein the peripheral demyelinating disease is Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT). Embodiment 176. The method of embodiment 175, wherein the CMT is Charcot-Marie- Tooth disease Type 1A (CMT1A). Embodiment 177. A method of treating Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT), comprising administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a compound of any one of embodiments 1 to 161 or the pharmaceutical composition of embodiment 162. Embodiment 178. The method of embodiment 177, wherein the Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease is Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease Type 1A (CMT1A). Embodiment 179. The method of embodiment 178, wherein the subject is diagnosed as having CMT1A by the presence of one or more of: a family history of CMT1A; amplification of the PMP22 gene; distal muscle weakness; distal musculature atrophy; reduced deep tendon reflexes, distal sensory impairment; reduced compound muscle action potential; and reduced nerve conduction velocity. Embodiment 180. The method of any one of embodiments 167 to 179, wherein the administration improves or slows the progression of one or more clinical indicators of CMT1A in the subject, wherein the one or more clinical indicators is selected from: distal muscle weakness; distal musculature atrophy; reduced deep tendon reflexes; distal sensory impairment; reduced nerve conduction velocity; reduced compound muscle action potential; reduced sensory nerve action potential; increased calf muscle fat fraction; elevated plasma neurofilament light (NfL); and/or elevated plasma tramsmembrane protease serine 5 (TMPRSS55). Embodiment 181. The method of embodiment 179 or 180, wherein the distal muscle weakness is reduced hand grip strength and/or reduced foot dorsiflexion. Embodiment 182. The method of any one of embodiments 179 to 181, wherein the distal muscle weakness is measured by quantifed muscular testing (QMT). Embodiment 183. The method of embodiment 179 or 180, wherein the nerve conduction velocity is selected from motor nerve conduction velocity and sensory nerve conduction velocity. Embodiment 184. The method of embodiment 183, wherein the nerve conduction velocity is measured by electroneurography. Embodiment 185. The method of embodiment 179 or 180, wherein compound muscle action potential is measured by electromyogram. Embodiment 186. The method of embodiment 179 or 180, wherein the distal musculature atrophy is calf muscle atrophy. Embodiment 187. The method of embodiment 186, wherein calf muscle fat fraction is measured by magnetic resonance imaging. Embodiment 188. The method of any one of embodiments 179 to 187, wherein disease severity and/or disease progression in a subject is determined by one or more clinical assessments, wherein the clinical assessment is selected from Charcot-Marie-Tooth Neuropathy Score (CMTNS), Charcot-Marie-Tooth Neuropathy Score with Rasch weighting (CMTNS-R), Charcot Marie-Tooth Neuropathy Score Version 2 (CMTNS-v2), Charcot- Marie-Tooth Examination Score (CMTES), Charcot-Marie-Tooth Examination Score with Rasch weighting (CMTES-R), Charcot-Marie-Tooth Functional Outcome Measure (CMT- FOM), Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease Pediatric Scale, Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease Infant Scale, Charcot-Marie-Tooth Health Index, and Overall Neuropathy Limitation Scale (ONLS). Embodiment 189. The method of embodiment 188, wherein disease progression in the subject comprises measuring the change over time in the one or more clinical assessments. Embodiment 190. The method of any one of embodiments 167 to 189, wherein the administration is intravenous administration or subcutaneous administration. Embodiment 191. The method of any one of embodiments 167 to 190, comprising administering at least one additional therapy to the subject. Embodiment 192. Use of the compound of any one of embodiments 1 to 161 in therapy. Embodiment 193. Use of the compound of any one of embodiments 1 to 161 for the treatment of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease Type 1A (CMT1A). Embodiment 194. Use of the pharmaceutical composition of embodiment 162 for the treatment of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease Type 1A (CMT1A). The following examples are presented to more fully illustrate some embodiments of the invention. They should not be construed, however, as limiting the scope of the invention. Variations of these examples within the scope of the claims are within the purview of one skilled in the art and are considered to fall within the scope of the embodiments as described and claimed herein. The reader will recognize that the skilled artisan, armed with the present disclosure and skill in the art, is able to prepare and use the invention without exhaustive examples. Example 1: Synthesis of Uptake Motifs and Conjugation of Uptake Motifs to Oligonucleotides Step 1: Synthesis of Compound 01-08-3 To a stirred solution of linear fatty acid 01-08-1 (25.58 g, 0.099 mol) in DMF (500 mL) at RT was added DIPEA (42.66 mL, 0.245 mol) and compound 01-08-2 (8.0 g, 0.049 mol), followed by EDCl (18.97 g, 0.099 mol) and HOBt (13.37 g, 0.099 mol). The resulting mixture was stirred at 50 °C. After 16 h, the reaction mixture was quenched with ice water and extracted with DCM. The combined organic extract was washed with water, brine, dried over Na 2 SO 4 , and then evaporated to give crude 01-08-3, which was recrystallized (20% MTBE in petroleum ether) to afford 01-08-3 as an off-white solid (18 g, 56%). Step 2: Synthesis of Lipid Motif DTx-01-08 To a stirred solution of 01-08-3 (10 g, 0.0156 mol) in MeOH and THF (1:1; 200 mL) at RT was added slowly Ba(OH)2 (9.92 g, 0.031 mol, dissolved in MeOH). The resulting mixture was stirred at RT. After 6 h, the reaction mixture was quenched with ice water dropwise, and then acidified with 1.5 M HCl. The mixture was filtered, and the precipitate was recrystallized (MTBE in petroleum ether) to afford lipid motif DTx-01-08 as an off- white solid (7.2 g, 74.2%). MS (ESI) m/z (M+H) + : 623.6; 1 H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ 0.868 (m, 6H), 1.25-1.69 (m, 58H), 2.03 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.11 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.99 (q, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 4.15-4.20 (m, 1H), 7.42 (br s, 1H), 7.65 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 12.09(br s, 1H). Synthesis of Lipid Motif DTx-01-32 Step 1: Synthesis of Intermediate 01-32-3 To a stirred solution of 01-32-2 (3 g, 0.01 mol) in DMF (50 mL) at RT was added slowly DIPEA (13.8 mL, 0.077 mol), linear fatty acid 01-32-1 (4.4 g, 0.0154 mol), and HATU (5.87 g, 0.0154 mol). The resulting mixture was stirred at 60 °C. After 16 h, the reaction mixture was quenched with ice water, the solids isolated by filtration, and the solids dried under vacuum to afford 01-32-3 as an off-white solid (3.5 g, 53.2%). Step 2: Synthesis of Lipid Motif DTx-01-32 To a stirred solution of 01-32-3 (3.5 g, 0.0051 mol) in MeOH (10 mL), THF (10 mL), and water (3 mL), was added LiOH·H2O (0.8g, 0.0154). The reaction mixture was stirred 16 h. Subsequently, the reaction mixture was concentrated under vacuum and neutralized with 1.5 N HCl. The solids were isolated by filtration, washed with water, and dried under vacuum, affording crude DTx-01-32. Recrystallization (80% DCM in hexane) yielded lipid motif DTx-01-32 as an off-white solid (2.3 g, 79.3%). LCMS m/z (M+H) + : 567.2; 1 H-NMR (400 MHz, TFA-d): δ 0.87-0.98 (m, 6H), 1.20-1.58 (m, 41H), 1.74-1.92 (m, 8H), 2.18-2.21 (m, 2H), 2.73 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H), 3.05 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H), 3.60 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 2H). Scheme I: Conjugation of Uptake Motifs to the 3’ Carbon of the 3’ Terminal Nucleotide of an Oligonucleotide Scheme I above illustrates the preparation of an oligonucleotide conjugated with an uptake motif at the 3’ terminus of the oligonucleotide, i.e. at the 3’ carbon of the terminal 3’ nucleotide. In summary, 3’-amino CPG beads I-1 (Glen Research, Catalog No.20-2958) modified with the DMT and Fmoc-protected C7 linker illustrated above were treated with 20% piperidine/DMF to afford Fmoc-deprotected amino C7 CPG beads I-2. An uptake motif (e.g. DTx-01-08) was then coupled to I-2 using HATU and DIEA in DMF to produce lipid-loaded CPG beads I-3, which were treated by 3% dichloroacetic acid (DCA) in DCM to remove the DMT protecting group and afford I-4. Oligonucleotide synthesis was accomplished via standard phosphoramidite chemistry and yielded oligonucleotide-bounded CPG beads I-5. At this point, if applicable, beads I-5 containing methyl ester-protected lipid motifs (e.g., DTx-01-07-OMe, DTx-01-09-OMe) were saponified to their respective carboxylic acid using 0.5 M LiOH in 3:1 v/v methanol/water. Subsequent treatment of I-5 with AMA [ammonium hydroxide (28%)/methylamine (40%) (1:1, v/v)] cleaved the DTx-01-08-conjugated oligonucleotide from the beads. The conjugated oligonucleotide was then purified by RP-HPLC and characterized by MALDI-TOF MS using the [M+H] peak.
Scheme II: Conjugation of Uptake Motifs to both the 3’ and 5’ Termini of an Oligonucleotide Scheme II above illustrates the preparation of a sense strand of a double-stranded oligonucleotide conjugated with an uptake motif at each of the 5’ and 3’ termini. In summary, 3’-amino CPG beads II-1 (Glen Research, Catalog No.20-2958) modified with the DMT and Fmoc-protected C7 linker illustrated above were treated with 20% piperidine/DMF to afford Fmoc-deprotected amino C7 CPG beads II-2. An uptake motif (e.g. DTx-01-08) was then coupled to II-2 using HATU and DIEA in DMF to produce the fatty-acid loaded CPG beads II-3, which were subsequently treated with 3% dichloroacetic acid (DCA) in DCM to remove the DMT protecting group and afford II-4. Oligonucleotide synthesis was performed on II-4 via standard phosphoramidite chemistry. The final coupling was with a phosphoramidite (Glen Research, Catalog No.10-1906) that incorporated a monomethoxytrityl (MMTr) protected 6-carbon alkyl amine as shown in structure II-5. After removal of MMT with 3% dichloroacetic acid (DCA) in DCM, II-6 was coupled to DTx-01-08 using HATU and DIEA in DMF to yield II-7. Stepwise deprotection with triethylamine in acetonitrile (to remove phosphate protecting groups) and AMA [ammonium hydroxide (28%)/methylamine (40%) (1:1, v/v)] (to remove base protecting groups and cleave the oligonucleotide from the synthesis resin) yielded crude II-8. Purification using RP-HPLC yielded a conjugated oligonucleotide. Purity and identity of II-8 were confirmed by analytical RP-HPLC and MALDI-TOF MS using the [M+H] peak, respectively.
Scheme III: Conjugation of an Uptake Motif to the 5’ Terminus of an Oligonucleotide Scheme III above illustrates the preparation of an oligonucleotide conjugated to an uptake motif at the 5’ terminus, i.e. at the 5’ carbon of the 3’ terminal nucleotide. In summary, oligonucleotide synthesis was performed on CPG beads III-1 (Glen Research, Catalog No.20-5041-xx) via standard phosphoramidite chemistry. In the last nucleotide coupling of the automated sequence, a nucleotide modified with the MMT-protected C6 linker illustrated above (Glen Research, Catalog No.10-1906) was used, yielding modified oligonucleotide-bounded CPG beads III-2. After removal of MMT with 3% dichloroacetic acid (DCA) in DCM, III-2 was coupled to an uptake motif (e.g., DTx-01-08) using HATU and DIEA in DMF to yield III-4. Subsequent treatment with AMA [ammonium hydroxide (28%)/methylamine (40%) (1:1, v/v)] cleaved the DTx-01-08-conjugated modified oligonucleotide from the beads to generate III-5. The oligonucleotide was then purified by RP-HPLC and characterized by MALDI-TOF MS using the [M+H] peak. Duplex Formation For each of the strands synthesized by Schemes I, II, or III and listed above, the corresponding complementary strand was prepared via standard phosphoramidite chemistry, purified by IE-HPLC, and characterized by MALDI-TOF MS using the [M+H] peak. The duplex was formed by mixing equal molar equivalents of the passenger strand (the sense strand) and guide strand (the antisense strand), heating to 90°C for 5 minutes, and then slowly cooling to room temperature. Duplex formation was confirmed by non-denaturing PAGE or non-denaturing HPLC. Example 2: Biology Experimental Methods Cell Culture. HEK293 cells were purchased from ATCC and were cultured in DMEM containing 10% Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS), 2 mM L-glutamine, 1X non-essential amino acids, 100 U/mL penicillin and 100 mg/mL streptomycin in a humidified 37°C incubator with 5% CO 2 . Human Schwann cells (HSwC), isolated from human spinal nerve and cryopreserved at first passage (P1), were purchased from iXcells Biotechnologies (Cat#10HU-188). HSwC were cultured in Schwann Cell Growth Medium (Cat#MD-0055) in a humidified 37°C incubator with 5% CO2. Generation of Stable Human and Mouse PMP22 Cell Lines.3x10 ^6 HEK293 cells were plated onto 10-cm tissue culture treated petri dishes in the media described herein without antibiotics. The day after plating, human (Origene, Cat# RC216500) or mouse (Origene, Cat# MR225485) PMP22 plasmids were transfected into HEK293 cells with Lipofectamine 2000 according to the manufacturer’s protocol. Briefly, 20 ug of each plasmid were diluted in 480 uL of DMEM without FBS or antibiotic. Separately, 50 uL of Lipofectamine 2000 was diluted in 450 uL of DMEM without FBS or antibiotic. The plasmid/DMEM and the Lipofectamine 2000/DMEM cocktails were then combined, mixed by titrating up and down and incubated for 20 minutes at room temperature to enable complex formation. The DMEM media containing FBS but lacking antibiotic (9 mL) was then added to the plasmid/Lipofectamine 2000 complexes (1 mL) and then added to cells in the 10-cm dish. The cells were incubated overnight at 37°C in the incubator. Media was then removed and replaced with DMEM containing FBS and antibiotic. Five days post-transfection, the media was replaced with DMEM containing FBS, antibiotic and 800 ug/mL geneticin to select for cells that stably express either the human or mouse PMP22. The cells were cultured in this media for 30 days with media changes every 3 days. The cells were then expanded and subsequently cryopreserved. Sequencing and qPCR were utilized to confirm integration of the human or mouse PMP22 expression vector. Reverse Transfection of siRNA. HEK293 cells were trypsinized and diluted to 20,000 cells/well, in 90 uL of antibiotic-free media. Schwann cells were trypsinized and diluted to 10,000 cells/well, in 90 uL of antibiotic-free media. Compounds were diluted in PBS to 100x of the desired final concentration. Separately, Lipofectamine RNAiMax (Life Technologies) was diluted 1:66.7 in media lacking supplements (e.g. FBS, antibiotic etc.). The 100x compound in PBS was then complexed with RNAiMAX by adding 1 part compound in PBS to 9 parts lipofectamine/media. Following incubation for 20 minutes, 10 uL of the compound:RNAiMAX complexes were added to a 96-well collagen coated plate. A volume of 90 ul of the cell dilution was added to each well of the 96-well plate. The plate was then placed in a humidified 37°C incubator with 5% CO2. After 24 hours, the complexes were removed and replaced with complete media containing antibiotics for each cell line. HEK293 media was replaced with DMEM containing 10% FBS, 2 mM L-glutamine, 1X non-essential amino acids, 100 U/mL penicillin and 100 mg/mL streptomycin. Schwann cell media was replaced with Schwann Cell Growth Medium. RNA was isolated 48 hours following transfection. Free uptake of conjugated siRNA. HEK293 cells were trypsinized and diluted to 20,000 cells/well, in 100 uL of complete media and allowed to settle overnight in 96 well collagen coated plates. Schwann cells were trypsinized and diluted to 10,000 cells/well, in 100 uL of complete media and allowed to settle for 48 hours in 96 well collagen coated plates. Compounds were diluted in deep well plates in the corresponding basal media for each cell line supplemented with 2% FBS to the desired final concentration of the top dose then serially diluted. After the appropriate amount of time for cells to settle, media was removed from plates by inverting.100ul of compound or PBS at proper concentrations was added to each well of the 96 well plate. HEK293 cells were incubated for 48 hours, and Schwann cells were incubated 72 hours in a humidified 37°C incubator with 5% CO2 before RNA was isolated. RNA Isolation, Reverse Transcription and Quantitative PCR. RNA was isolated utilizing the RNeasy 96 kit (Qiagen) according to the manufacturer’s protocol. RNA was reverse transcribed to cDNA utilizing random primers and the high-capacity cDNA reverse transcription kit (ThermoFisher Scientific) in a SimpliAmp thermal cycler (ThermoFisher Scientific) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Real-time quantitative PCR was performed utilizing gene-specific primers (Thermofisher Scientific; IDTDNA), TaqMan probes (Thermofisher Scientific; IDTDNA) and TaqMan fast universal PCR master mix (Thermofisher scientific) on a StepOnePlus real-time PCR system (Thermofisher Scientific) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. For analysis of quantitative PCR, mRNA expression was normalized to the expression of either 18s rRNA, b-actin or HPRT1 mRNA (housekeeping genes) utilizing the relative CT method according to the best practices proposed in Nature Protocols (Schmittgen, T.D. & Livak, K.J. Analyzing real-time PCR data by the comparative C(T) method. Nat Protoc 3, 1101-1108 (2008)). Mice. C3-PMP22 (B6.Cg-Tg(PMP22)C3Fbas/J) male mice were originally purchased from the Jackson Laboratory. C3-PMP22 mice express 3 to 4 copies of a wild-type human peripheral myelin protein 22 (PMP22). The C3-PMP22 male mice were used to set up a mouse colony. The transgenic line was maintained hemizygous by breeding C3-PMP22 males with wildtype females (C57BL/6J). All litters were weaned between 21-23 days of age and tail clipped for genotyping. Both hemizygous female and male mice were used for experiments. Intravenous injection. Mice were weighed the day before the study initiation. On the day of the study, the mice were restrained with an approved device and injected with the treatment of interest (compound or PBS) via the tail vein. Target Engagement Studies in vivo in wildtype mice and C3-PMP22 mice.7-84 days following intravenous injection of the compound of interest or control, the mice were euthanized. Sciatic, tibial, sensory, and motor branches of the femoral nerves and/or brachial plexus were dissected and prepared for RNA isolation. The regions of interest were placed in tubes containing beads, flash frozen and stored at -80°C until RNA isolation. To extract total RNA, Trizol was added to the tubes and RNA isolated using the RNeasy 96 kit via the manufacturer’s instructions. Electrophysiology assessment using Electromyography (EMG). The EMG apparatus (ADInstruments, PowerLab Cat# PL2604/P) was used to measure motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV). The mice were anesthetized in an isoflurane chamber and transferred to the nose cone on a recirculating water heating pad to maintain their temperature. A rectal probe was used to monitor the temperature. A total of 4 electrodes were used: 2 recording and 2 stimulating electrodes. The two recording electrodes were gently inserted between the 1st and 2nd and 2nd and 3rd toes and taped to the plexiglass surface. One stimulating electrode was inserted under the skin between the shoulders. The second stimulating electrode was inserted into the skin of the ankle. The EMG was set to deliver a stimulus using a 0.1msec square pulse stimulus every 2 seconds. The stimulation voltage was gradually increased until the maximal M-wave is observed (Mmax). The stimulating electrode was then moved from the ankle to the greater sciatic notch and stimulate once. The stimulation was repeated at the ankle and sciatic notch 2 more times each. At the end of the last measurement, leaving the electrode at the hip, the electrodes from the toes were removed and the leg stretched. A compass was used to measure the distance between the electrode at the hip and the point at the ankle at which stimulation was conducted. The latency between the M-wave in response to stimulation at the ankle vs hip was calculated and averaged across the 3 trials. This value was divided by the distance between the electrodes to calculate the motor conduction velocity. At the end of the measurement all electrodes were removed, and the mouse was placed on a water-recirculating heating pad that is set at 37°C. Once the mouse has fully recovered it was returned to housing rack in animal holding room. Myelin staining. The nerves of interest were carefully dissected, placed lengthwise on a stick of wood (applicator or matchstick) to prevent the nerve from folding, and immersed in a scintillation vial containing cold 2.5% glutaraldehyde (fixative) overnight at 4°C. The following day the nerves were washed with 0.1M sodium phosphate buffer and immersed in 2% osmium for approximately 1 hour (osmium penetrates tissue from all sides at roughly 0.5 mm/hr, so a mouse nerve with a diameter of 1 mm should osmicate for 1 hour). After rinsing in water, the nerves were dehydrated and embedded in resin blocks. Once embedded in resin blocks the nerves were cut with glass knifes using a microtome in 0.15um sections. The sections were subsequently stained with 2% paraphenylenediamine (PPD) for 20 minutes at room temperature, rinsed, dried and coverslip mounted for microscopic examination. Beam Walking. Coordination and balance were evaluated through the beam walking assay by two experimenters that were blinded to experimental conditions. Mice were trained over two- three consecutive days to cross a 100cm-long painted wood round beam with a 25mm diameter to reach a platform with a darkened escape box. The beam was place 30cm over a padded surface. Training trials ended when the mouse reached the escape platform or when the mouse fell off the beam. The latency to cross the beam and the number of times the hind paws slipped during placement were tabulated for each training run. Each training run was repeated three times per day with a minimum of 5 minutes between runs. Training was considered complete when all mice crossed the beam consistently without pausing. On the subsequent testing day, mice underwent three trials in which they crossed the 25mm-diameter beam, with a minimum of 5 minutes between runs. Then mice underwent an additional three trials in which they crossed a 10mm-diameter beam. Latency to cross the beam and the number of foot slips or falls were tabulated for each trial. Data from the second and third trials on each beam were averaged. Trials in which the mouse paused while crossing or fell off the beam were excluded from analysis. Hindlimb clasping. In order to evaluate general neuromuscular dysfunction, incidence of hindlimb clasping was observed. A blinded observer took a photo of hindlimb behavior while suspending the mice briefly from their tails. From these images, hindlimb behavior was scored as 0-normal splaying of the hindlimbs and toes of the paw spread wide, 1-clasping of one foot or hindlimb, or 2-clasping of both feet of hindlimb. The angle of hindlimb spread was also calculated from the images using ImageJ2 (NIH, Rueden et al, 2017) to measure the angle between the hind paws by drawing a vector from each paw to the anus. Grip strength. Grip strength is a measure of muscular strength, or the maximum force/tension generated by one's forearm muscles. It can be measured using a digital force meter equipped with precision force gauges to retain the peak force applied on a digital display and with a grid or wire system that allows mouse grip by either or both paws. Each mouse was lifted by the tail to the height where the front paws are at the same height as the bar/grid. The mouse was then moved horizontally towards the bar/grid until it was within reach. After visually checking that the grip was good, i.e. a symmetric, tight grip with both paws and exerting a detectable resistance against the investigator’s pull, the mouse was gently pulled away until its grasp is broken. The pulling was at a constant speed and sufficiently slow to permit the mouse to build up a resistance against it. The transducer saved the value at this point. Measurements were discarded if the animal used only one paw or also used its hind paws, turned backwards during the pull, or released the bar without resistance. The test was repeated three times and the values averaged. Example 3: Unconjugated siRNAs targeting PMP22 Numerous siRNAs targeting the human PMP22 mRNA were designed and synthesized. The sense and antisense strands of the compounds ere prepared with sugar moiety, terminal, and internucleotide linkage modifications to increase hybridization affinity, minimize degradation by nucleases, and enhance loading into RISC. The siRNAs are shown in Table 3. In Table 3, “Start” and “End” correspond to the 5’ and 3’ nucleotide positions of the nucleotide sequence of the human PMP22 mRNA (NCBI Reference Sequence NM_000304.4, deposited with GenBank on November 22, 2018; SEQ ID NO: 1170) to which the nucleotides of the antisense strand are complementary. Each row represents a sense and antisense strand pair of an siRNA. If present, an siRNA ID in the “Parent siRNA ID” column indicates an siRNA related by nucleotide sequence. Modified sugar moieties are indicated by a subscript notation following the nucleotide, and modified internucleotide linkages are indicated by a superscript notation. A nucleotide followed by the subscript “F” is a 2’-fluoro nucleotide; a nucleotide followed by the subscript “M” is a 2’-O-methyl nucleotide; and a nucleotide followed by the subscript “D” is a beta-D-deoxyribonucleotide. A superscript “S” is a phosphorothioate internucleotide linkage; all other internucleotide linkages are phosphodiester internucleotide linkages. For example, “U F S C M ” is a 2’-flourouridine linked to a 2’-O-methylcytidine by a phosphorothioate internucleotide linkage. “G M U F ” is a 2-O-methylguanosine linked to a 2’-fluorouridine by a phosphodiester internucleotide linkage. A hydroxyl group is at the 5’ carbon of the 5’ terminal nucleotide is indicated by “5’-OH”; a phosphate group at the 5’ carbon of the 5’ terminal nucleotide is indicated by “5’-PO4”; and a hydroxyl group at the 3’ carbon of the 3’ terminal nucleotide is indicated by “OH-3’.”
O W 1 0 0 9 0 5 - 4 7 9 2 5 0 : . o N t e k c o D y e n r o S t t A ST C F MCC S T ACG S T CCGT CACT ACUT UM ’ 3 U F M F - F UAA ’ 3 M G F M F UAU ’ 3 M C F M S F F UUA ’ 3 M A F M S F AUA ’ M 3 A F M S F F UAU ’ 3 UM F M - C F M F M - UM F M - F M F M - M F M - - S ACAH- S ACUH- S UC H S CGUAH S GUAUH U F H OHMC F M F O UA- M F M F O M F MA F O- M F M F O- F M F O D H CUA-D H GUC- H GCA- HMCAC- G- M D O- S U F M F AM S TO- S U F M F M S TO- S U F M F D M S TO- S U F M F D M S TO- S G D F M F M S T U S T ’ 5 GU F MC F D ’ 5 GU F U MC F D ’ 5 GU F U MC F D ’ 5 AU F U MC F D ’ 5 UU F C MU F D - 8 S 7 0 8 2 4 6 T 5 - 0 S 5 - 8 5 - 8 5 - 8 5 0 T 0 S T 0 S T 0 S T 0 D 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 3 8 8 3 5 6 7 2 3 4 4 1 5 2 5 5 6 0 2 7 4 9 4 3 4 4 9 4 0 5 5 - 9 6 9 7 8 9 T 3 0 - T 3 9 0 - T 3 9 0 - T 3 9 0 - T 3 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0
O W 1 0 0 9 0 5 - 4 7 9 2 5 0 : . o N t e k c o D y e n r o t t A ’ A F AG F AM 3 - C F GMC F A 3 - G F C F MA F UM 3 - A F UG F GM 3 - U F GA F U 3 - C F G - CM C H U MH U H M AM M UM S C S U S C S G A H S G H S HM F MU F O- C F MU - UMC F - C F MU - U G F - G F U- H M F O- H M F O- HM F O- HM F M O- HM O- ’ S GUMU F D M TO S CAMU F CD M TO S CCMG F AD M O S UUMC F C D M O S GCMA F UD M O S AUM 5 F GC F C MA S F - D ’ 5 F AU F U MC S F - D ’ 5 F AU F G MA S F T- D ’ 5 C F C F G MA S F T- D ’ 5 F UU F C MC S F T- D ’ 5 F GC F - 8 S 8 0 9 2 9 4 6 8 T 5 - 0 S 5 - 0 S 5 - 9 0 S 5 - 9 0 S 5 - 9 0 S 5 0 D 0 0 T D 0 0 T D 0 0 T D 0 0 T D 0 0 T D 0 0 6 9 4 1 2 3 5 1 6 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 8 7 6 9 3 4 5 6 5 5 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 0 0 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 - T 4 0 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 0 4 0 T 0 0 T 0 0 T 0 T 0 T 0 D 0 D 0 D 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0
O W 1 0 0 9 0 5 - 4 7 9 2 5 0 : . o N t e k c o D y e n r o t t A A F A AM 3 - C F CCU 3 - G F F GC U M F G F M F U C 3 MU F H UM F MH UM F AM ’ 3 - F GCU ’ GM F M 3 - F C ’ F C GMU F F U G- M 3 - CM M O- S MC F CMA F O- S A F A M G F H- S MG F CM A F H- S MC F AGH- S MC F UMU F H O G F G-D HGUG F C-D HC M CC O- H UAA O- H AAM F O- H UU F C-D AM O M O F U O F G O U O UM U S T- ’ S F M GGC S T- ’ S F M CC M D T- ’ S F M D CC M T- ’ S F MG C F M D T- ’ S M F G S T M F D 5 A F M F D 5 U F M A S 5 C F M U S 5 C F U C S 5 CU F MU F D - 0 S 0 2 4 6 T 6 - 0 0 S 6 - 0 6 - 0 - 8 0 D 0 0 S 0 S 6 0 S 6 0 0 T D 0 0 T D 0 0 T D 0 0 T D 0 0 3 1 5 1 6 1 1 4 4 1 4 2 4 6 4 5 9 7 8 3 3 3 9 3 9 3 0 4 4 4 6 7 8 9 - 0 T 0 - 0 0 4 4 - 0 4 0 4 1 4 0 T 0 T 0 - T 0 - T 0 D 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0
O W 1 0 0 9 0 5 - 4 7 9 2 5 0 : . o N t e k c o D y e n r o t t A ’ G F F UU F C 3 - C F C F MC F UM 3 - U F GMA F U 3 - U F C F U F U 3 - U F AA F U 3 - A F U - UC M M MG F H- GU F A F H- G M U F G F H M M M M M S C S G S G - S CG F GAH- S AC F AA F H- S GG H M F O- HM M O- HM M O- H M M F O- HM M O- M F O- ’ S CCMU F UD M TO S UGMU F GD M O S GGMU F AD M O S CUMA F C D M O S GUMC F GD H M O S AUM 5 F UU F U S - F MC F D ’ 5 UG F G MU S F T- D ’ 5 F UU F G MG S F T- D ’ 5 F UU F G MU S F T- D ’ 5 C F G F C MG S F T- D ’ 5 C F C F - 0 S 1 2 1 4 6 8 0 T 6 - 0 S 6 - 1 0 S 6 - 1 0 S 6 - 1 - 2 0 S 6 0 S 6 0 D 0 0 T D 0 0 T D 0 0 T D 0 0 T D 0 0 T D 0 0 2 6 9 3 3 3 4 3 5 4 5 3 2 9 3 2 4 3 4 4 1 2 5 5 5 5 4 5 2 5 1 2 7 2 2 3 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 - T 4 0 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 1 4 0 T 0 0 T 0 0 T 0 T 0 T 0 D 0 D 0 D 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0
O W 1 0 0 9 0 5 - 4 7 9 2 5 0 : . o N t e k c o D y e n r o t t A C F F U ’ A 3 C F UM F U ’ 3 U F AA F U 3 - U F CG F U 3 - G F CUU 3 - C F CU F U 3 - M- M U M A F M- AM MH AM UH- S CMH AMC F M H UM M H MC F GG F H- S MC F AMA F O- - S MC F MA F O- S U U - S UUC - M F M F O M F M F O C F C F O- H O CCM M UO- H OCUMA F AD H M O CUMU F CD H M OCUU F G-D H OCUG F U-D GM D T- ’ S F G U F M D T- ’ S F ACG S T- ’ S F AGU S T- ’ S F M M AGU S T- ’ S F M M GU S T M U S 5 C F A A S 5 U F M F D 5 C F M F D 5 U F M F D 5 U F MU F D - 2 S 2 4 6 8 0 T 6 - 2 0 S 6 - 2 6 - 2 6 - 3 D 0 0 T 0 S D 0 0 S 0 S 6 0 0 T D 0 0 T D 0 0 T D 0 0 6 5 8 8 8 2 9 0 3 3 4 4 4 6 4 8 3 0 7 0 1 2 3 3 1 4 3 4 4 4 7 8 9 0 1 - 1 T 4 0 - 1 4 - 1 4 2 4 2 4 0 T 0 T 0 - T 0 - T 0 D 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0
O W 1 0 0 9 0 5 - 4 7 9 2 5 0 : . o N t e k c o D y e n r o t t A ’ C F AMC S F F U ’ 3 G F UMA F UM 3 - U F GC F A 3 - C F GA F U 3 - C F UC F UM 3 - U F U - AA M- G H CM MH UM M M M S U S A S U S C H S U G H C H M F M A F H- C OHM F M C F O- C - HM F MU F O- G - H M F MA F O- C - H M F MG F O- S G - H M F O- ’ S CGMU F A-D O S UUMC F UD M TO S UGMG F CD M O S CCMU F UD M O S CCMU F AD M O S CUM 5 F UG F C M M A S T- ’ 5 C F A F C MU S F - D ’ 5 F UA F U MU S F T- D ’ 5 F UG F G MC S F T- D ’ 5 F GU F U MG S F T- D ’ 5 F UC F - 2 S 3 4 3 6 3 8 3 5 T 6 - 0 S 6 - 0 S 6 - 3 0 S 6 - 6 0 S 2 - 6 1 S 2 1 D 0 0 T D 0 0 T D 0 0 T D 0 0 T D 0 0 T D 0 0 8 1 1 5 6 8 5 2 5 6 6 6 6 2 0 2 3 2 0 0 3 0 7 8 0 2 5 5 4 6 4 6 1 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 4 2 5 2 5 4 6 - T 4 0 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 8 - 4 8 0 T 0 0 T 0 0 T 0 T 0 T 0 D 0 D 0 D 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0
O W 1 0 0 9 0 5 - 4 7 9 2 5 0 : . o N t e k c o D y e n r o t t A G F U 3 - C F UA F C 3 - C F GG F A 3 - G F UA F C 3 - U F GU F G 3 - U F AC F U 3 - UM H UM MH CMAMH UMUMH GMAM H UMUM H MA F O- - S MU F GMU F O- S U - M F MC F O- - S MC F MU F O- S MU F MC F O- S MG F MG F O C F UD H CGUAD H UUG F UD H GG F A-D H CU F U-D HGUA F C-D GM O M F M O M M O CM O U O G T ’ S UCU T ’ S GUA S T ’ S F M UAC S ’ S M M F GGA S ’ S M M S - F S - F - T- T- F CU S T M F D 5 C F M F D 5 C F M F D 5 C F M F D 5 C F M F D 5 U F MU F D - 7 S 6 9 1 3 5 T 2 - 6 1 S 2 - 7 2 - 7 2 - 7 D 0 0 T 1 S D 0 1 S 1 S 2 1 0 T D 0 0 T D 0 0 T D 0 0 1 3 2 3 4 3 5 6 2 2 2 3 2 3 2 3 1 4 1 6 7 8 2 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 7 8 9 0 1 - 4 T 8 0 - 4 8 - 4 8 5 8 5 8 0 T 0 T 0 - T 0 - T 0 D 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0
O W 1 0 0 9 0 5 - 4 7 9 2 5 0 : . o N t e k c o D y e n r o t t A ’ G F GAC F 3 - C F UU F F C 3 - G S F AC F F ’ 3 U M S F F GC F U ’ 3 C F C F G F U 3 - U F G - UM F M M M M A A F U - S G F C F - S C F - M - M M M S C H G A H A U M H- S AC M F U H- S GGUCH- S GG HM M F O- HM M O- HM M C F HM M G F M F M F O- M F O- ’ S UGMU F GD M O S UAMC F UD M O S GUMG F CO-D O S UUMC F CO- H OCUMG F GD H M O S GUM 5 F GU F A MC S F T- D ’ 5 F UG F U MG S F T- D ’ 5 F UA F C M M U S T- ’ 5 F GA F C M D M A S T- ’ S 5 F UG F G MU S F T- D ’ 5 C F C F - 7 S 7 9 1 3 5 7 T 2 - 7 1 S 2 - 8 1 S 2 - 8 - 8 - 8 1 S 2 1 S 2 1 S 2 1 D 0 0 T D 0 0 T D 0 0 T D 0 0 T D 0 0 T D 0 0 7 3 8 3 2 4 5 4 3 6 6 2 2 2 2 2 6 2 9 1 0 4 7 5 8 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 2 4 2 2 5 3 5 4 5 5 5 6 5 7 - T 8 0 - 8 - 8 - 8 - 8 - 5 8 0 T 0 0 T 0 0 T 0 T 0 T 0 D 0 D 0 D 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0
O W 1 0 0 9 0 5 - 4 7 9 2 5 0 : . o N t e k c o D y e n r o t t A G F U UM 3 - G F GU 3 C 3 U M F G F M F AC 3 H GM F UM- F GU H GM F A M - F GC H CM F U ’ M 3 - C F CMU F A ’ F G F U- M 3 - CM M H MU F O- S MU F UMC F O- S MU F GMC F O- S MC F CM A F H- S MC F AC F H- S U F AMA F O C F G-D H CG F U-D HUCC F C-D HGUU O- HUUM O- HC M ACA-D M O UM M O M O F G O U O F GU S T- ’ S F GUG S T- ’ S F M GUU S T- ’ S F M D UC M T- ’ S F MG D C F M T- ’ S F MUM S T M F D 5 C F M F D 5 G F M F D 5 U F M C S 5 U F C G S 5 UG F MC F D - 9 S 8 1 3 5 T 2 - 9 1 S 2 - 9 2 - 9 - 7 9 D 0 1 S 1 S 2 1 S 2 1 0 T D 0 0 T D 0 0 T D 0 0 T D 0 0 1 7 4 7 8 3 9 2 2 7 2 8 2 8 2 3 5 6 0 5 1 2 5 2 6 2 6 2 7 2 8 9 0 1 - 5 T 0 - 5 2 8 8 - 6 8 6 8 6 8 0 T 0 T 0 - T 0 - T 0 D 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0
O W 1 0 0 9 0 5 - 4 7 9 2 5 0 : . o N t e k c o D y e n r o t t A ’ AAGA 3 GUAA 3 UA U 3 C 3 C A 3 A F F M F M- F M F - F A F M- F AA F U- F UA F M - F C - CG H G MH AM H AM M M AM S U S C S A S G H S A C H S H M F MA - A F MA - C F MA F - C F C F - U A F - C F G F O- HM F O- HM O- HM M O- H M F M O- HM O- ’ S CMG F CD M TO S UAMA F CD M TO S AAMC F GD M O S GGMU F UD M O S CCMU F AD M O S AUM 5 F GU F C MG S F - D ’ 5 F GC F G MG S F - D ’ 5 C F G F G MU S F T- D ’ 5 F GC F C MC S F T- D ’ 5 F GU F C MG S F T- D ’ 5 F GG F - 9 S 9 1 0 3 0 5 7 9 T 2 - 1 S 3 - 1 S 3 - 0 1 S 3 - 0 1 S 3 - 0 1 S 3 1 D 0 0 T D 0 0 T D 0 0 T D 0 0 T D 0 0 T D 0 0 2 0 3 8 2 3 3 1 3 1 3 2 3 5 8 3 6 3 4 8 5 9 0 4 5 0 2 2 0 3 0 3 3 3 5 3 3 6 4 6 5 6 6 6 7 6 8 - T 8 0 - 8 - 8 - 8 - 8 - 6 8 0 T 0 0 T 0 0 T 0 T 0 T 0 D 0 D 0 D 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0
O W 1 0 0 9 0 5 - 4 7 9 2 5 0 : . o N t e k c o D y e n r o t t A M C F F U CUCU 3 U C 3 C M F AC 3 CA 3 AM ’ 3 - F CM F - F A F A- F C G ’ F G F U- F G MU F H- S UMH UM MH UMC F F U M 3 - - GM M H AM M H MG F MA F O- S MC F UMA F O- S MA F AU F H- S MG F AMG F O- S MG F U M A F O C OH UCC- H UAC- H CM OH GCU- H UCG- C F U- M D O A F D M OG F D O AM A- OCM F D O C D M F T- ’ S F M CUU S T- ’ S F M M CCC S T- ’ S F A U F M D T- ’ S F M UGC S T- ’ S F CM S T M G S 5 C F M F D 5 U F M F D 5 C F A A S 5 A F M F D 5 CA F MC F D - 1 S 1 3 5 7 T 3 - 1 1 S 3 - 1 3 - 1 - 9 1 D 0 1 S 1 S 3 1 S 3 1 0 T D 0 0 T D 0 0 T D 0 0 T D 0 0 6 7 2 8 9 1 5 3 3 8 3 0 4 2 4 8 5 4 1 3 7 3 6 3 7 3 8 3 0 4 9 0 1 2 - 6 T 0 - 7 3 8 8 - 7 8 7 8 7 8 0 T 0 T 0 - T 0 - T 0 D 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0
O W 1 0 0 9 0 5 - 4 7 9 2 5 0 : . o N t e k c o D y e n r o t t A ’ U F UC F U 3 - C F AC F U 3 - U S F F UC F U ’ 3 U S F F UA F U ’ 3 C F S F F CC F ’ 3 U F A - AM M G UM M M - M - M A- M S U H S U H C GM U M C AM C HM F MU F O- C - HM F MA F O- S C - H M F M C F H- S C HM F A M U F H- S U HM F M C F H- S MC F O- ’ S GUMA F CD M O S GUMU F CD M O S CUMU F AO-D O S GUMC F CO-D O S GCMC F UO- H OAUM 5 F UC F G S T- F MU F D ’ 5 UA F C MG S F T- D ’ 5 F UU F C M M A S T- ’ 5 F UU F C M M U S T- ’ 5 F UA F U M D M C S T- ’ S 5 F AU F - 1 S 2 3 2 5 7 9 1 T 3 - 1 S 3 - 2 1 S 3 - 2 1 S 3 - 2 - 3 1 S 3 1 S 3 1 D 0 0 T D 0 0 T D 0 0 T D 0 0 T D 0 0 T D 0 0 1 3 7 7 0 8 4 3 4 6 4 7 4 7 2 4 8 4 3 1 9 1 9 2 0 4 4 4 4 4 5 4 6 4 6 4 4 7 5 7 6 7 7 7 8 7 9 - T 8 0 - 8 - 8 - 8 - 8 - 7 8 0 T 0 0 T 0 0 T 0 T 0 T 0 D 0 D 0 D 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0
O W 1 0 0 9 0 5 - 4 7 9 2 5 0 : . o N t e k c o D y e n r o t t A M C S F F A ’ 3 C F UMA U F U 3 - U F AUU 3 - A F AA F U 3 - U F UCU 3 - C F AC F U 3 - M- G M CMH UM F MH UMGMH CM F M H U M M H AH- S MU F MC F O- S CCA - S C U - S ACU - S CUC - M F M F O M F M F O M F M F O M F M F O C F OH GAA H AAA- H UGC- H AUA- H CUG- F C- OGM F D OG D M F M OUM F D O A F D OA F D C M D T- ’ S F M GUC S T- ’ S F UCG S T- ’ S F M AUU S T- ’ S M M F GUA S T- ’ S F MAM S T M C S 5 G F M F D 5 G F M F D 5 U F M F D 5 C F M F D 5 AU F MU F D - 3 S 3 5 7 9 T 3 - 3 1 S 3 - 3 3 - 3 - 1 4 D 0 1 S 1 S 3 1 S 3 1 0 T D 0 0 T D 0 0 T D 0 0 T D 0 0 4 0 9 0 2 9 5 5 5 1 5 1 5 2 5 6 8 1 4 1 7 4 9 4 9 4 0 5 0 5 0 1 2 3 - 8 T 0 - 8 4 8 8 - 8 8 8 8 8 8 0 T 0 T 0 - T 0 - T 0 D 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0
O W 1 0 0 9 0 5 - 4 7 9 2 5 0 : . o N t e k c o D y e n r o t t A ’ A F UGU 3 GG A 3 UG 3 G M 3 G F A 3 GG - AM F M- F U U H UM F M- F H AMG F UM- F GC H AM F AM - F CMC F M - F M S G S G S C S C H S G A H G HM F MG F O- U - H M F MG F O- U - HM F MA F O- U - HM F MU F O- U - H M F MG F O- S G - H M F O- ’ S ACMU F UD M TO S CCMC F UD M TO S GGMG F CD M O S GCMG F C D M O S CAMC F UD M O S CAM 5 C F U F C MC S F - D ’ 5 F GU F G MA S F - D ’ 5 F UA F U MC S F T- D ’ 5 F UG F G MU S F T- D ’ 5 F GC F A MG S F T- D ’ 5 F AG F - 3 S 4 5 4 7 4 9 1 3 T 3 - 1 S 3 - 1 S 3 - 4 1 S 3 - 5 1 S 3 - 5 1 S 3 1 D 0 0 T D 0 0 T D 0 0 T D 0 0 T D 0 0 T D 0 0 2 3 1 4 7 5 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 6 7 5 7 5 4 1 3 2 6 9 7 9 5 5 3 5 3 5 4 5 5 5 5 8 6 8 7 8 8 8 9 8 0 - T 8 0 - 8 - 8 - 8 - 8 - 9 8 0 T 0 0 T 0 0 T 0 T 0 T 0 D 0 D 0 D 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0
O W 1 0 0 9 0 5 - 4 7 9 2 5 0 : . o N t e k c o D y e n r o t t A C M F C F U G F M F CUU 3 C U 3 A C 3 A U 3 M ’ 3 - F C ’ G M U F F F U A- F CC F - F G F A- F UC F - M 3 - CM MH GM MH AM M H GM M H MG F H- S MC F GAH- S MG F AMA F O- S MU F UMU F O- S MG F AMU F O- S MC F AMU F O C F AO- H OACM F M CO- H OCAMC F C-D H M OGCMC F A-D H OCCU F C-D H O GAU F U-D AM D T- ’ S F A A F M D T- ’ S F GGU S T- ’ S F M UAG S T- ’ S F M M UUC S T- ’ S M M F C S T M G S 5 G F G G S 5 A F M F D 5 U F M F D 5 U F M F D 5 CU F MG F D - 5 S 5 7 9 1 T 3 - 5 1 S 3 - 5 3 - 6 - 3 6 D 0 1 S 1 S 3 1 S 3 1 0 T D 0 0 T D 0 0 T D 0 0 T D 0 0 2 8 7 8 5 2 8 5 5 9 5 0 6 0 6 4 6 9 7 4 0 5 6 5 7 5 8 5 9 5 1 2 3 4 - 9 T 0 - 9 5 8 8 - 9 8 9 8 9 8 0 T 0 T 0 - T 0 - T 0 D 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0
O W 1 0 0 9 0 5 - 4 7 9 2 5 0 : . o N t e k c o D y e n r o t t A ’ A F U MS F MC F U ’ 3 G F GMC F U 3 - U F UG F U 3 - U F AU F U 3 - G F AU F UM 3 - U F U U C M- S G A M H S C M UMH CMGM H M S G A H S GM - S U HM F M A F H- C H M F MC F O- C - H M F MU F O- - S C HM F MA F O- C - H M F MA F O- C - HM F O- ’ S CGMG F CO-D O S CUMU F CD M TO S CCMG F CD M O S CUMG F C D M O S CUMU F GD M O S UUM 5 C F G F C M M A S T- ’ 5 F AU F C MU S F - D ’ 5 F UG F G MC S F T- D ’ 5 C F C F C MU S F T- D ’ 5 F GG F C MU S F T- D ’ 5 F GA F - 5 S 6 7 6 9 6 1 3 5 T 3 - 1 S 3 - 1 S 3 - 7 1 S 3 - 7 1 S 3 - 7 1 S 3 1 D 0 0 T D 0 0 T D 0 0 T D 0 0 T D 0 0 T D 0 0 7 1 0 5 2 1 6 2 6 3 6 6 6 7 4 6 7 6 9 9 2 0 7 4 3 6 5 6 1 6 4 6 5 6 5 6 6 9 7 9 8 9 9 9 0 0 1 - T 8 0 - 8 - 8 - 8 - 9 - 0 9 0 T 0 0 T 0 0 T 0 T 0 T 0 D 0 D 0 D 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0
O W 1 0 0 9 0 5 - 4 7 9 2 5 0 : . o N t e k c o D y e n r o t t A G F U 3 - U F UC F A 3 - U F GG F U 3 - G F GU F A 3 - G F GC F A 3 - A F CA F A 3 - UM MU F H AMGMH CMCMH GM O- S A GMH GMAM H CM M H - M F MA F O- S G A - M F M F O- S U U - S G - M F M F O M F MA F O- S MU F AMA F O G F C D H GU F AD HUCA F AD HACC F A-D HAGA F A-D H AAC-D UM O UM M O M M O M O O C F U T ’ S UUG S T ’ S GAG S T ’ S M UGC S ’ S M M AAG S ’ S M M S - F - F - F T- F T- F AC S T M F D 5 C F M F D 5 A F M F D 5 G F M F D 5 G F M F D 5 C F MU F D - 7 S 7 9 1 3 5 T 3 - 7 1 S 3 - 8 3 - 8 3 - 8 D 0 0 T 1 S D 0 1 S 1 S 3 1 0 T D 0 0 T D 0 0 T D 0 0 1 8 8 8 9 2 5 7 6 6 7 5 7 9 7 3 6 0 7 1 7 9 6 6 1 7 3 7 7 7 2 3 4 5 6 - 0 T 9 0 - 0 9 - 0 9 0 9 0 9 0 T 0 T 0 - T 0 - T 0 D 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0
O W 1 0 0 9 0 5 - 4 7 9 2 5 0 : . o N t e k c o D y e n r o t t A ’ C F C F MA F A 3 - G F UMG F AM 3 - U F UMA F UM 3 - G F AA F U 3 - U F AA F U 3 - U F U - C M A H U H G H CM M UM M M S A S A S G S A H S U H S A HM F MA F O- A F MU F - U F A F - U F A - A F A F - A F A - H M O- HM M O- H M M F O- HM M O- H M O- ’ S UMA F AD M TO S CGMA F GD M AA TO S UM F UD M O S CUMA F UD M O S UAMC F UD M O S CUM 5 F AA F C MC S F - D ’ 5 F GU F G MU S F - D ’ 5 C F G F A MG S F T- D ’ 5 F UU F A MC S F T- D ’ 5 F GU F C MU S F T- D ’ 5 F AG F - 7 S 8 9 8 1 9 3 5 7 T 3 - 1 S 3 - 1 S 3 - 9 1 S 3 - 9 1 S 3 - 9 1 S 3 1 D 0 0 T D 0 0 T D 0 0 T D 0 0 T D 0 0 T D 0 0 3 0 1 2 9 3 8 5 8 5 8 7 8 8 2 8 2 9 5 8 3 3 4 1 5 4 7 8 3 8 6 8 6 8 0 9 7 0 8 0 9 0 0 1 1 1 2 - T 9 0 - 9 - 9 - 9 - 9 - 1 9 0 T 0 0 T 0 0 T 0 T 0 T 0 D 0 D 0 D 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0
O W 1 0 0 9 0 5 - 4 7 9 2 5 0 : . o N t e k c o D y e n r o t t A U F U 3 - C F AC F F U ’ U F GA F A 3 - G F UA F U 3 - G F UU F A 3 - C F UG F A 3 - UM MU F H AM M 3 - CMUMH AMGMH GM O- S C AM H A M M H - M F U M U F H- S MA F MA F O- S C - M F MU F O- S MU F MA F O- S MC F AMA F O U F UD H OGUMC F GO- H OCAMG F UD H OAGMG F U-D H OACCU-D H M F OUCCU-D M F GM C S T- ’ S F D AC M T- ’ S F M AAC S T- ’ S F M AAC S T- ’ S F M AAC S T- ’ S F M UA S T M F D 5 U F M U S 5 G F M F D 5 G F M F D 5 A F M F D 5 U F MA F D - 9 S 9 1 3 5 7 T 3 - 0 1 S 4 - 0 4 - 0 4 - 0 D 0 0 T 1 S D 0 1 S 1 S 4 1 0 T D 0 0 T D 0 0 T D 0 0 7 4 8 6 6 7 5 3 9 9 9 8 9 9 9 9 2 0 5 8 7 5 9 9 5 9 6 9 7 9 3 4 5 6 7 - 1 T 9 0 - 1 9 - 1 9 1 9 1 9 0 T 0 T 0 - T 0 - T 0 D 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0
O W 1 0 0 9 0 5 - 4 7 9 2 5 0 : . o N t e k c o D y e n r o t t A ’ A F AU F UM 3 - C F AMA F AM 3 - U S F UM F A ’ 3 G F UC F AM 3 - U F GMG F AM 3 - C F U - CM U H A H M U F M- M H C M S GA S AA S C S A A S A H A HM F M F O- G F M F - C AH- AMA F - U F MU F - S C F A- HM O U - HM F AM F OHM F O- H M O- HM OACA F D UA F UD CC G- CCA F AD CGA F UD CA - S M M TO- S M M TO S MC D O S M M TO S M M TO S M ’ 5 F UC F C MU S F D ’ 5 F UC F A MA S F - D ’ 5 C F C F M F U U S T- ’ 5 C F G F C S - F MG F D ’ 5 AU F G S - F MU F D ’ 5 CA F - 9 S 0 - 1 1 - 3 1 - 5 1 7 1 9 1 T 4 1 S 4 S 4 S 4 - S 4 - S 4 0 T 1 0 T 1 0 T 1 T 1 T 1 D 0 D 0 D 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 4 9 9 7 5 7 0 8 8 9 1 3 3 1 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 7 1 6 7 9 9 3 9 0 0 6 8 3 1 5 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 6 1 8 1 9 1 0 2 1 2 2 3 - T 9 0 - 9 - 9 - 9 - 2 9 - 2 9 0 T 0 0 T 0 0 T 0 T 0 T 0 D 0 D 0 D 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0
O W 1 0 0 9 0 5 - 4 7 9 2 5 0 : . o N t e k c o D y e n r o t t A A F UM 3 - A F AU F A 3 - U F AC F UM 3 - C F GG F A 3 - C F UU F U 3 - G F CA F U 3 - GMA F H GMCMH O- S U G - S CM CU H CMGMH AMCM H UMGM H A F U- M F M F O D H - M F MU F O- S U A - S G - M F M F O- M F MA F O- S A - M F MA F O- U O UCA F AD H OGGU F AD HACU F UD H AUA F GD HGGA F C D M G S S M M M O M O S M M O M M F T- ’ F M G S F GC F T- ’ S F U S F UG F T- ’ S F M AGC S T- ’ F GGA S T- ’ S F GAG S T M D 5 C M D 5 U M D 5 U F M F D 5 C F M F D 5 U F M F D - 1 S 2 T 4 - 3 2 5 2 7 2 9 2 1 S 4 - S 4 - S 4 - S 4 0 T 1 0 T 1 0 T 1 0 T 1 D 0 D 0 D 0 D 0 D 0 0 5 4 5 7 7 9 0 0 4 7 7 0 1 1 7 1 8 1 8 1 7 2 7 7 5 9 7 2 8 6 8 1 7 1 7 1 7 1 7 1 4 5 6 - 2 T 9 0 - 2 9 2 7 9 2 8 9 2 9 0 T 0 - T 0 - T 0 - T 0 D 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0
O W 1 0 0 9 0 5 - 4 7 9 2 5 0 : . o N t e k c o D y e n r o t t A ’ G F S F CM F A ’ 3 C F F CM S F U ’ C F UG F A 3 - G F F CG F A 3 - A F GC F U 3 - U F G GMA F M- GMG F M 3 - CMAMH UM M H GM M H CM - S HMA F CA F H- S MA F GAH- S U F MC O- GCM F M F O- S GAU - S UGG - S G - M F M F O- M F M F O- M F M O ’ S CG- H OACM O MGC- H OGGMA F GD H M OUAMC F UD H M OGCMG F AD H M OGAM 5 F AG F M D A G T- ’ S 5 F GC F M D A A T- ’ S 5 F AGG S T- S F M F D 5 G F G S T- S F M F D 5 U F A S F S F S F U ’ A C ’ G MU F T- D ’ S 5 F AC F - 3 S 6 5 T 5 - 1 S 6 7 5 - S 6 9 5 - 6 1 5 - 7 3 5 - 7 5 D 0 0 T 1 D 0 0 T 1 S D 0 0 T 1 S D 0 1 S 1 0 T D 0 0 T D 0 0 5 2 8 2 4 5 0 6 2 6 6 6 7 0 1 6 3 2 4 4 4 8 4 0 - 1 1 T 0 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 1 - 0 0 T 1 - 0 - 0 - 0 - 0 0 T 1 0 T 1 0 T 1 T 1 D 0 D 0 D 0 D 0 D 0 0 D 0 0
O W 1 0 0 9 0 5 - 4 7 9 2 5 0 : . o N t e k c o D y e n r o t t A GU 3 UGC F GU U 3 U 3 U F A M F F AM - F MG F H GM F U ’ M 3 - F U GM F M- F UU H UM F UM- F AU H CM F U ’ F C M 3 - U ’ UMG F M 3 - O- S MU F GM G F H- S MU F U M A F O- S MU F AMU F O- S C F C M AH- S MU F UU F H U F U-D H OGCMU F UO- H OACCC-D H M F OCCC F C-D H M OCAC F F CO- H M O UA UO- UM C S T- ’ S F D UC M T- ’ S F M UCA S T- ’ S F M M CAC S T- ’ S F M D AC M - S F MU F M D M F D 5 G F M C S 5 G F M F D 5 U F M F D 5 G F M G S T ’ 5 CC F C A S T - 5 S 7 7 T 5 - 7 - 9 7 - 1 8 - 3 8 1 S 5 D 0 1 S 5 1 S 5 1 S 5 0 T D 0 0 T D 0 0 T D 0 0 T 1 D 0 0 2 9 4 1 9 3 5 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 4 7 6 9 1 0 5 7 1 0 1 0 1 6 7 8 9 0 - 1 T 0 1 - 1 0 - 1 0 1 0 2 0 0 T 1 T 1 - T 1 - T 1 D 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0
O W 1 0 0 9 0 5 - 4 7 9 2 5 0 : . o N t e k c o D y e n r o t t A ’ U F UMC F AM 3 - U F UU 3 AG A 3 UC F A 3 U U 3 GG - A H M F AM- F H CMA F M- F H AMA F M - F UA H UM F M - F H M S C G S U C S C S A S A S U HM MA - U F MA F - G F A F - G F A F - C F A F - A F C F F O- HM O- HM M O- H M M O- HM M O- H M O- ’ S CMG F CD M AG TO S CM F AD M TO S GUMG F GD M O S CGMC F AD M O S AGMA F AD M O S CAM 5 C F G F U MG S F - D ’ 5 C F C F G MC S F - D ’ 5 F UU F U MA S F T- D ’ 5 F GU F G MG S F T- D ’ 5 C F G F C MA S F T- D ’ 5 F GA F - 5 S 8 7 8 9 8 1 3 5 T 5 - 1 S 5 - 1 S 5 - 9 1 S 5 - 9 1 S 5 - 9 1 S 5 1 D 0 0 T D 0 0 T D 0 0 T D 0 0 T D 0 0 T D 0 0 3 3 4 7 8 9 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 5 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 9 0 1 7 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 2 2 3 2 4 2 5 2 6 - T 0 1 - 0 - 0 - 0 - 0 - 2 0 0 T 1 0 T 1 0 T 1 T 1 T 1 D 0 D 0 D 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0
O W 1 0 0 9 0 5 - 4 7 9 2 5 0 : . o N t e k c o D y e n r o t t A C 3 AU A 3 A GA 3 UAG 3 U 3 A M F F U- F U UM H AMC F M- F G H AM F - F F A- F CC F A- F G A ’ GMH CM MH GM M H A M G F M 3 - MU F O- S A - M F MA F O- S U A - M F M F O- S MA F GMU F O- S MG F GMA F O- S MC F AA F H A F C D H M O AAMG F GD H M OGCMU F G-D H M OGGMA F U-D H O UGG F A-D H OACM GO- AG S T- ’ S F AUG S T- ’ S F UUA S T- ’ S F M GAG S T- ’ S M M F UGG S T- ’ S F MG U F M D M F D 5 C F M F D 5 A F M F D 5 U F M F D 5 C F M F D 5 G F U A S T - 7 S 9 9 1 3 5 T 5 - 9 1 S 5 - 0 6 - 0 6 - 0 D 0 0 T 1 S D 0 1 S 1 S 6 1 0 T D 0 0 T D 0 0 T D 0 0 9 4 2 5 9 5 0 5 1 1 1 8 1 9 1 1 3 4 3 1 2 7 1 1 4 1 6 1 7 1 7 8 9 0 1 - 2 T 0 1 - 2 0 - 2 0 3 0 3 0 0 T 1 T 1 - T 1 - T 1 D 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0
O W 1 0 0 9 0 5 - 4 7 9 2 5 0 : . o N t e k c o D y e n r o t t A ’ C M F GG F U 3 - G S F F UC F A ’ 3 A MS F F GCU ’ 3 U F UU F F C 3 - U F AA F U 3 - A F U - S UM UAM UH- S AM UGM- GMC F M- M M M M M S C G H C C H A H M F M F O- H M F M A F H- S U HM F M A F H- U HM F MU F O- S U - H M F MU F O- S A - M F O- ’ S CCMC F CD M O S CCMC F GO-D O S AUMG F AO-D O S GGMU F UD M O S CUMA F UD H M OCAM 5 F AG F G S T- F MA F D ’ 5 GA F C M M A S T- ’ 5 C F C F C M M G S T- ’ 5 F GU F C MC S F T- D ’ 5 F AU F A MU S F T- D ’ S 5 F AA F - 7 S 0 9 0 1 1 1 3 5 T 6 - 1 S T 6 - 1 S 6 - 3 1 S 7 - 3 1 S 7 - 3 1 S 7 1 D 0 0 D 0 0 T D 0 0 T D 0 0 T D 0 0 T D 0 0 8 9 8 9 2 2 1 0 2 0 2 9 4 9 8 0 8 5 1 0 8 0 1 4 4 1 9 1 9 1 7 4 7 8 2 6 5 1 2 3 3 3 4 3 3 0 4 0 5 - T 0 1 - 0 - 0 - 1 - 1 - 0 1 0 T 1 0 T 1 0 T 1 T 1 T 1 D 0 D 0 D 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0
O W 1 0 0 9 0 5 - 4 7 9 2 5 0 : . o N t e k c o D y e n r o t t A M M C 3 CUCA 3 C 3 C 3 A 3 C M F A- F F - F UG F A- F UA F U F GA F A- F AA UM H UMUMH AMUMH AMAM- H GM MH CM F MA F O- A F A- S MU F MA F O- S C D H - M F MU F O- S MU F MU F O - S MA F AMG F O- - S MA F C M AM O CGMA F AD H M OUAMG F C-D H M OAAMU F C-D H M OGAMA F A F H OGAMC F MC S F T- D ’ S 5 C F U S F A MU F T- D ’ S 5 F AA F U MA S F T- D ’ S 5 F AU F A MA S F T - D ’ S 5 F M GG F G MC S A F - M ’ S 5 F AA F C M - 7 S 3 9 T 7 - 1 S 3 1 7 - S 4 5 7 - S 4 7 8 - 4 8 0 T 1 0 T 1 T 1 S T 1 D 0 D 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 7 0 3 0 0 0 1 8 1 9 5 7 8 5 7 9 7 9 8 5 8 2 7 5 3 7 9 7 1 8 7 7 7 6 0 7 8 9 0 - T 1 1 - 0 1 - 0 1 - 0 2 1 2 0 T 1 0 T 1 T 1 - T 1 D 0 D 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0
O W 1 0 0 9 0 5 - 4 7 9 2 5 0 : . o N t e k c o D y e n r o t t A S S C ’ 3 F M F M- F M F - F - F A F U- M M F M M F C - S ’ MU F GMU F H O - S A F AMC F H O - S A F AMG F H O - S A F C 3 M F M G G G C M U- - S GU F GM F H H UUA- F HMU - F HM - F HM M F HHM CO- O- S UM F M A O S AMA F GM A O S GAMA F AM A O S GAMC F CO- O S UUMU F M F A A ’ 5 F UG F U S - F MG F M ’ 5 GU F G S - F MA F M ’ 5 GG F G MC S F - M ’ 5 F AA F CM F - M A A ’ 5 F UG F U M - 9 S 4 1 5 7 9 T 8 - 5 1 S 8 - 4 1 S 8 - 4 - 4 1 S 8 1 S 8 1 D 0 0 T D 0 0 T D 0 0 T D 0 0 T D 0 0 1 5 8 6 5 5 7 9 1 8 9 7 7 5 8 1 3 8 5 7 1 8 4 9 3 7 7 7 3 8 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 - T 2 1 - 2 - 2 - 2 - 1 2 0 T 1 0 T 1 0 T 1 T 1 D 0 D 0 D 0 D 0 0 D 0 0
O W 1 0 0 9 0 5 - 4 7 9 2 5 0 : . o N t e k c o D y e n r o t t A S G M- F - F GM F M F MC F U- F A - F - F M U M U F UM CMA F UM M UH O - S MA F AMC F H O - S UU F H AAO - S MC H F AAO - S H MA F UGO- S UU F A- F H - F HM M F - F H M F - F H M F - F HM M OAUMA F G O UA U OUC G OGC U OUU A - S F M A - S MA A - S MA A - S MG U- S M G S ’ UGA S ’ C F C F M U G S ’ F F M U A A S F F M G U A S F F M 5 G F M F M 5 F M 5 C F M ’ 5 C F M ’ 5 UU F - 1 S 5 - 1 6 - 3 6 5 6 7 6 T 8 1 S 8 S 8 - S 8 - S 8 0 T 1 0 T 1 T 1 T 1 D 0 D 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 8 6 3 9 9 9 7 5 3 0 1 5 7 1 7 1 7 1 8 4 3 9 7 9 7 3 3 0 9 5 5 1 6 1 7 1 6 1 5 2 6 2 7 2 8 - T 2 1 - 2 - 2 - 2 - 2 2 0 T 1 0 T 1 0 T 1 T 1 D 0 D 0 D 0 D 0 0 D 0 0
O W 1 0 0 9 0 5 - 4 7 9 2 5 0 : . o N t e k c o D y e n r o t t A U F M- H F M F M- F C - F U H GMU F F A F M- G F MH M H M F M- UMG F O - S CG F GMA F O - S MU F UGO - S UC F GMG F O - S CU F CMU F H O- S C U - F H M G - F H M F - F H M - F HM - F H M F UM U O- S CUM F AM U O- S UCMGU U O- S CCMU F AM U O S UCMG F GM CO S C AC S ’ F ACUU S ’ F F A U C M S 5 F G U S - F M M 5 C U S - F M F M 5 F M F M 5 C F M ’ U F G F ’ C F MA F M ’ 5 U - 9 S 6 0 2 2 2 4 2 6 T 8 - 1 S T 9 - 1 S T 9 - 1 S 9 - 2 1 S 9 1 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 T D 0 0 T D 0 0 0 0 8 0 1 2 8 1 1 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 0 8 8 7 1 0 0 1 1 2 2 2 1 2 1 2 9 2 8 6 9 6 0 7 1 - T 2 1 - 2 - 2 - 2 - 7 2 0 T 1 0 T 1 0 T 1 T 1 D 0 D 0 D 0 D 0 0 D 0 0
O W 1 0 0 9 0 5 - 4 7 9 2 5 0 : . o N t e k c o D y e n r o t t A U F M S F C F S MU S MA S MG S UMG F U ’ M 3 M M F - C F GMG F A ’ 3 - U F M F F CMU F U ’ 3 F M F - U F GU F G ’ 3 - U F M F F AC F U ’ 3 - F H C M C MH GM M UM M GUMA F O - S U MU F AMC F H O - S G F GMA F O - S MU F AMC F H O - S MG F UMG F H O MC F U- F H M UGU- F H M UAC- F H CU - F H - F C S A O F G - S UM F M F S C O- S C F M F M S G O- S UM F UM S C O- S G F UMA F CM S C MG F M ’ 5 CG F U MA F M ’ 5 UU F G MU F M ’ 5 C F G F G MA F M ’ 5 UC F U MU F M - 8 S 2 0 T 9 - 3 - 2 3 - 4 3 1 S 9 0 T 1 S 9 1 S 9 1 D 0 T D 0 T D 0 0 0 D 0 0 4 3 5 3 7 8 2 2 3 2 3 2 4 1 5 7 8 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 2 - 7 3 4 5 T 2 7 1 - T 2 7 1 - T 2 7 1 - 2 1 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 T D 0 0
O W 1 0 0 9 0 5 - 4 7 9 2 5 0 : . o N t e k c o D y e n r o t t A ’ F C- F - F - F 3 F G - - S GM F M AC H M F M - S UGGUH S CM F M GUGH S CM F M- GGUH S GMUU C F MH HM O C F MAO F M U F - F HM F O- - F M F HM F O- - F M F HM F - O- HM F CMC F O- F - ’ S AM F CM U O S GGMU F CM U O S GUMC F CM U O S GGMC F CM F O S UAMAU U 5 F GU F G MC S F - C F M ’ 5 C F C MG S F - M ’ 5 F UG F G MU S F - M ’ 5 F GU F A MA F U- M ’ 5 F AC F M A A S F M - 1 S 4 3 5 7 9 T 9 - 4 1 S 9 - 4 1 S 9 - 4 - 4 1 S 9 1 S 9 1 D 0 0 T D 0 0 T D 0 0 T D 0 0 T D 0 0 5 4 3 6 1 7 8 1 2 2 2 2 3 2 3 5 2 3 1 8 2 2 4 2 5 2 9 2 0 3 4 8 5 8 6 8 7 8 8 - T 2 1 - 2 - 2 - 2 - 8 2 0 T 1 0 T 1 0 T 1 T 1 D 0 D 0 D 0 D 0 0 D 0 0
O W 1 0 0 9 0 5 - 4 7 9 2 5 0 : . o N t e k c o D y e n r o t t A S S F C GM F U F U - F F U F M ’ 3 M F MH AM F M- CM F M- M F - S GC - S CCUU S UGCH S CCH S UAC HM F MG - F M F O - F M F O - AM F O- F M U F H H M U - F HMA U- F HM F U - F HM O- S GMA F UO- O- S CAM F AM U O- S AMU F M U O- S GCM F UM UO S CGMU F ’ 5 F AA F C C M F M U ’ 5 F UC F U MC S F M ’ 5 F AA F C S 5 F MG F M ’ GC F A MG S F - M ’ 5 C F C F A M - 1 S 5 3 5 5 5 7 5 9 5 T 9 - 1 S T 9 - 1 S T 9 - 1 S T 9 - 1 S 9 1 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 T D 0 0 8 6 6 1 5 7 3 7 3 0 4 2 4 3 4 8 4 6 5 1 8 5 7 3 3 3 0 4 1 4 9 - 8 0 T 2 9 1 9 2 9 3 9 1 - 2 0 T 1 - 2 - 2 - 2 0 T 1 0 T 1 T 1 D 0 D 0 D 0 D 0 0 D 0 0
O W 1 0 0 9 0 5 - 4 7 9 2 5 0 : . o N t e k c o D y e n r o t t A S C M- F - F H UM F MH F M F M- H F MC F C F - F M 3 - GM F MH M GO - S UC - S UUCU - S AUC S GUC S GU A- F HM F MA M GU F O- F HMC F M G F O- F HM F MC F H - O HM F M F O- - F F HM U O- S UM F CM U O- S CM F CM U O- S CCMC F A- F O S GAMU F UM UO S AUM C S F M ’ 5 F GU F U MC S F M ’ 5 C F U F U MA S F M ’ 5 C F U F A M M C S A - ’ 5 F GC F U MA S F - M ’ 5 C F U F - 1 S 6 3 6 4 7 6 7 8 T 9 - 1 S T 9 - 1 S 9 - 1 S 9 - 7 1 S 9 1 D 0 0 D 0 0 T D 0 0 T D 0 0 T D 0 0 7 6 0 2 4 9 4 7 4 8 4 0 5 0 5 7 4 0 5 2 4 9 4 4 6 4 8 4 8 4 4 9 5 9 8 0 9 0 0 - T 2 1 - 2 - 3 - 3 - 1 3 0 T 1 0 T 1 0 T 1 T 1 D 0 D 0 D 0 D 0 0 D 0 0
O W 1 0 0 9 0 5 - 4 7 9 2 5 0 : . o N t e k c o D y e n r o t t A A - F F - F - F - F - F C F M MG F H O - S UM M MA F UMU F H O - S CM F M MG F UMA F H O - S AMU MU F G M F M F H M AUO - S UA F UMC F H O- S A UG- F H CC - F H - F H M F - F HM - F H M F M U O- S UM F AM U O- S UGMC F AM U O- S GUMAU U O- S GGMC F GM UO S C AU S ’ F GAAA S ’ F AUU S 5 F F G A C M S F M 5 C G S - F M F M 5 F M F M 5 F MC F M ’ C F ’ U F MG F M ’ 5 G - 0 S 8 2 8 4 8 6 8 8 8 T 9 - 1 S T 9 - 1 S T 9 - 1 S 9 - 1 S 9 1 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 T D 0 0 T D 0 0 2 1 9 5 4 7 5 1 5 2 5 5 5 8 5 2 9 9 9 5 0 4 7 4 4 5 3 5 6 5 1 - 1 2 T 3 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 1 - 3 0 T 1 - 3 - 3 - 3 0 T 1 0 T 1 T 1 D 0 D 0 D 0 D 0 0 D 0 0
O W 1 0 0 9 0 5 - 4 7 9 2 5 0 : . o N t e k c o D y e n r o t t A G F M S MC F S U S C F S C F S F AMC F C F ’ M 3 M F - G F AUU ’ 3 M F M F - C F GGC ’ 3 M C M F F UUC ’ 3 M M C F UUG ’ 3 G F GMUH G F O - S CM F M MU F CMG F H M F M- O - S C MG F CMA F H M F M- O - S A MU F CMU F H M F M- O - S GG F CMU F H O MG F C- F H M UC - F H CU - F H UC - F HMUU - F C S A O F U - S UM F G F M S U O- S UM F U F M S U O- S UM F A F M S U O- S AM F GM S U MU F M ’ 5 CA F U MC F M ’ 5 CA F U MC F M ’ 5 CG F G MC F M ’ 5 C F G F A MU F M - 0 S 9 2 T 9 - 9 - 4 9 - 6 9 1 S 9 0 T 1 S 9 1 S 9 1 D 0 T D 0 T D 0 0 0 D 0 0 8 0 7 1 0 1 6 6 2 6 7 6 8 8 7 0 1 5 9 5 0 6 5 6 6 - 1 7 8 9 T 3 1 1 - T 3 1 1 - T 3 1 1 - 3 1 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 T D 0 0
O W 1 0 0 9 0 5 - 4 7 9 2 5 0 : . o N t e k c o D y e n r o t t A ’ F M F M- F - F AAA- F - F H CM F MH AM F M H CM F MH M F M- - S GAUU - S UUG S CC S GAG S GUCUH HM O GC F M F O F M F O - AM A F A- F HM - OUGC F G F HM F F O ACU - - F M F F C F HM O GUG F U- - F M F F HM O- GAA F U F - ’ S M M U S M M A O S M M A O S M M UO S M M U 5 C F U F U MG S F - M ’ 5 F AU F U MC S F - M ’ 5 F AC F C MA S F - M ’ 5 F UU F U MA S F - M ’ 5 C F U F A MA S F M - 8 S 9 0 6 8 0 T 9 - 0 1 S 0 - 1 2 S 0 - 1 - 2 2 S 0 2 S 0 2 D 0 0 T D 0 0 T D 0 0 T D 0 0 T D 0 0 4 7 1 8 3 0 2 5 3 6 6 8 8 8 8 4 5 1 3 2 3 6 6 6 8 7 3 8 6 8 0 2 1 2 6 3 7 3 8 - T 3 1 - 3 - 3 - 3 - 3 3 0 T 1 0 T 1 0 T 1 T 1 D 0 D 0 D 0 D 0 0 D 0 0
O W 1 0 0 9 0 5 - 4 7 9 2 5 0 : . o N t e k c o D y e n r o t t A S S F - F U M F AM F M F U F H UMCG- M F - M F - F MH G M M M - S GGC - S F S AACH S AAACH S UGA HM F M F O AUG- F HMA F CMU F O- - F M F F HM O - F M U - F HM F O- - F M F H M O- S UM F M U O- S UCMGG U O- S AMA F AM U O- S UAMU F CM AO- S CUMU F ’ 5 F GU F U MU S F M ’ 5 F GC F F A C M S M ’ 5 F AG F U S C F MA F M ’ 5 G F U MU S F F M ’ 5 AG F C M - 2 S 2 - 4 2 6 2 8 2 0 3 T 0 2 S T 0 - 2 S T 0 - 2 S T 0 - 2 S T 0 2 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 2 2 7 9 4 6 5 9 7 9 8 9 4 0 8 1 2 0 7 6 9 2 9 5 5 9 6 9 4 8 7 1 9 - 3 0 T 3 4 1 4 2 4 3 4 1 - 3 0 T 1 - 3 - 3 - 3 0 T 1 0 T 1 T 1 D 0 D 0 D 0 D 0 0 D 0 0
O W 1 0 0 9 0 5 - 4 7 9 2 5 0 : . o N t e k c o D y e n r o t t A U C C CG A U C G C GC 4 G A U C G C A AG A C U C AA GA 7 2 GGA G C C G A G U G CUGA AA C U G A C U C A A C U A G A A G U 5 6 6 6 7 8 8 6 8 S A F G A A M F UM F ’ MG F GM S F ’ MC F A S A MU F A S U CM 3 - U F GMG F AM 3 - A F CM F ’ M 3 C GG- F CM F ’ 3 MCC- G F H C O - S U F GG F H G F MH A F MH O - S U F UAO - S GGAO U- F HMUC M - F HMCM F - F HM F M F - F M U O S GM F AM A O S AMCC A O S ACMAA A S - ’ F UCC S - ’ F A F M S - ’ F C F M S U F M 5 C F M F M 5 C F G G M 5 A F G G M - 0 2 4 S 4 T 0 - 2 S 4 0 - S 4 0 D 0 0 T 2 D 0 0 T 2 D 0 0 0 8 5 8 1 9 1 9 1 0 6 5 1 7 8 1 7 1 2 3 4 - 5 T 3 5 1 - 3 5 1 - 3 1 D 0 0 T D 0 0 T D 0 0 Example 4: Conjugated siRNAs targeting PMP22 The 3’ terminus of the sense strand of certain compounds was conjugated to a long chain fatty acid (LCFA) domain or “uptake motif” which improves the uptake of nucleic acid compounds into cells both in vitro and in vivo (International Patent Application Publication No. WO 2019/232255). The conjugated compounds are shown in Table 4. “Start” and “End” correspond to the 5’ and 3’ nucleotide positions of the nucleotide sequence of the human PMP22 mRNA (NCBI Reference Sequence NM_000304.4, deposited with GenBank on November 22, 2018; SEQ ID NO: 1170) to which the nucleotides of the antisense strand are complementary. Each row represents a sense and antisense strand pair of an siRNA. The nucleotide sequences for both the modified and unmodified sense and antisense strands are included. Conjugated compounds were formed as in the structures below, where the nucleotide shown is the 3’ terminal nucleotide, “B” is nucleobase and “R” is the substituent at the 2’ carbon of the nucleoside sugar. The uptake motif DTx-01-08 was conjugated to the sense strand, using the “C7OH” linker attached to the 3’ carbon of the 3’ terminal nucleotide of the sense strand via the phosphate group to form the conjugate group named “C7OH- [DTx-01-08] in Table 4. The uptake motif DTx-01-32 was conjugated to the sense strand, using the “C7OH” linker attached to the 3’ carbon of the 3’ terminal nucleotide of the sense strand via the phosphate group to form the conjugate group named “C7OH- [DTx-01-32] in Table 4. In Table 4 and elsewhere herein, modified sugar moieties are indicated by a subscript notation following the nucleotide, and modified internucleotide linkages are indicated by a superscript notation.5’ and 3’ terminal groups are also indicated. A nucleotide followed by the subscript “F” is a 2’-fluoro nucleotide; a nucleotide followed by the subscript “M” is a 2’-O-methyl nucleotide; a nucleotide followed by the subscript “E” is a 2’-O-methoxyethyl nucleotide; and a nucleotide followed by the subscript “D” is a beta-D-deoxyribonucleotide. The nucleobase of each “C E ” nucleotide is a 5-methylcytosine; each other “C” is a non- methylated cytosine; the nucleobase of each “U E ” nucleotide is a 5-methyluracil; each other “U” is a non-methylated uridine. A superscript “S” is a phosphorothioate internucleotide linkage; all other internucleotide linkages are phosphodiester internucleotide linkages. For example, “U F S C M ” is a 2’-flourouridine linked to a 2’-O-methylcytidine by a phosphorothioate internucleotide linkage. “GMUF” is a 2-O-methylguanosine linked to a 2’-fluorouridine by a phosphodiester internucleotide linkage. A hydroxyl group is at the 5’ carbon of the 5’ terminal nucleotide is indicated by “5’-OH”; a phosphate group at the 5’ carbon of the 5’ terminal nucleotide is indicated by “5’-PO4”; a 5’-VP modification at the 5’ terminal nucleotide of an antisense strand is indicated by “5’-VP”; and a hydroxyl group at the 3’ carbon of the 3’ terminal nucleotide is indicated by “OH-3’.”
O 7 7 2
O W 1 0 0 9 0 5 - 4 7 9 2 5 0 : . o N t e k c o D y e n r o t t A 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 U M F UU UCA UA S A A M- AUU A F S F C F F S U F F G F AA x F S F GC F C F F S F T C F MUMAM- ] M MA M- ] M M M- ] MCMA D [ MGMGM- ] G F CCH 8 0 A F ACH 8 0 UUUH 8 0 U F CM- GUUH 8 0 - S C F F O UG 7 - C 1 - S C F A F O- MCM 7 C1 - S C F C F F O- MAM 7 1 - S A F AG F H F O - S AC F F O- MC 7 1 HM M M- 0 - HM - 0 - H M C - 0 - H M MC 7 ] 8 M M C - 0 - O- ’ S U 5 F A F A F F U x T O- S UG F U F F F A x T O S CG F U F F U x T O S CC F M A C - F 0 H - O S CU F U F F U x T GC MC S M M D [ ’ 5 AG MU S M M D [ - ’ 5 F UU MG S M M D [ - ’ 5 F UU F M A S U 1 0 - ’ 5 F UU MC S M M D [ - 1 S 5 2 T 9 - 5 - 3 5 - 4 5 - 5 5 0 S 0 T 9 0 S 9 0 T 0 S 9 0 S 9 0 D 0 T D 0 T D 0 D 0 0 0 D 0 0 8 3 7 3 8 9 4 1 5 3 2 8 3 4 4 0 2 9 5 0 1 4 9 4 1 2 7 3 3 4 1 - 2 2 3 4 5 T 6 2 0 - T 6 2 0 - T 6 2 0 - T 6 2 0 - 6 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 T D 0 0
O W 1 0 0 9 0 5 - 4 7 9 2 5 0 : . o N t e k c o D y e n r o t t A G F G S C F G F U S A G F U F S A U F A S A UUU F - U F M M ] UMC F F M ] A F M M ] G F M C F F F 1 UU- A- GU- GM- ] CMCMAM 0 - C M F CUH 8 0 C M F U F AH 8 0 C M F U F C F H 8 M 0 U F UU F H 8 0 - C F F G F U F x T - S UC F MC F O- M 7 C1 - S AA F O- MC 7 C1 - S U O GU 7 - C 1 - S CC F MAO- M 7 1 - S UU S U MGM M D [ - H M - F 0 - H M M- F 0 - H M M M- F 0 - H M C - 0 - HM AH O- ’ S CU F U F 5 F U x T O- S CA F C F F U x T O- S C F G F A F U x T O- S CG F U F F F U x T O- S CU F A F S F O ] UU MU S M M D [ ’ 5 UG MU S M M D [ ’ 5 UC MC S M M D [ ’ 5 UU MG S M M D [ ’ 5 C F G MG MC M 7 C 8 0 - 6 7 8 S 5 T 9 - 5 0 S T 9 - 5 3 0 S T 9 - 5 - 7 1 0 S 9 0 S 2 1 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 T D 0 0 T D 0 0 0 6 8 6 3 3 4 1 5 6 6 3 2 3 2 2 4 0 8 5 3 4 0 5 4 6 1 2 1 2 6 - 2 7 8 1 2 T 6 2 0 - T 6 2 0 - T 6 1 0 - T 8 1 0 - 8 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 T D 0 0
O W 1 0 0 9 0 5 - 4 7 9 2 5 0 : . o N t e k c o D y e n r o t t A UUU F - UU S G F CC F S A F UU S U F U F G F S U F MC F MA 1 M- C F 0 C F F C F F F U F C - F G F U F x T MUMAM- F GGH ] MGMUM- ] CMCMAM- ] MAMAM- ] C 8 0 U F U F G F H 8 0 C F G F U F H 8 0 G F GCH 8 0 - S UUMG S U M M D [ - - S U F F O UU - M 7 C1 - S CUMAO- M 7 C1 - S UUMGO- M 7 1 - S U F F UUO- M 7 1 HM S AH H M M - F 0 - H M - F 0 - HM C - 0 - HM M C - 0 - O- ’ S CU F A F F O ] O 5 - S C F C F C F C F G S U x T O- S CG F G F F S U x T O- S CU F A F C F x T O- S CC F A F C F x T MG MC M 7 C 8 0 ’ 5 GC MG M M D [ ’ 5 UU MU M M D [ ’ 5 C F G MG S M M D [ ’ 5 C F G MU S M M D [ - 7 0 1 S 1 T 2 - 7 1 S T 4 - 7 2 1 S T 4 - 7 - 3 7 1 S 4 1 S 4 1 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 T D 0 0 T D 0 0 3 3 8 0 1 4 2 1 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 1 0 2 3 6 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 5 - 4 9 0 1 2 T 9 5 0 - T 9 6 0 - T 9 6 0 - T 9 6 0 - 9 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 T D 0 0
O W 1 0 0 9 0 5 - 4 7 9 2 5 0 : . o N t e k c o D y e n r o t t A 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 G F C M SC G M- C ACA A S A U C U F U F F F A x S F F U F U S F U G S F T C F C F G F F G F M M C M- ] MGMG D [ M MGM- ] MCMCM- ] MCMAM- ] F AGH 8 0 U F CM- CUCH 8 0 C F UGH 8 0 UUAH 8 0 - S G F U F O- 1 A F U F H F F F A O- 1 U F F O- 1 C F F F O- 1 HM MCM 7 C - S A O - - 0 - S A HM MC 7 ] 8 HM MUM 7 C - 0 - - S AA 7 HM M M C - 0 - - S UC 7 M M M C - 0 - O- ’ S UG F U F F 5 F C x T O C - S A F M A C F - F 0 - O S CG F G F F U x T O S GC F C F F U x T H O S CC F C F F U x T UA MA S M M D [ ’ 5 C F A M A S U 1 0 - ’ 5 C F U MU S M M D [ - ’ 5 F UU MU S M M D [ - ’ 5 F UU MG S M M D [ - 4 S 7 5 T 4 - 7 - 6 7 - 7 7 - 8 7 1 S 0 T 4 1 S 4 0 T 1 S 4 1 S 4 1 D 0 T D 0 T D 0 D 0 0 0 D 0 0 8 3 8 5 7 7 2 1 3 2 4 3 4 6 4 0 2 0 7 9 9 2 0 3 0 4 1 4 4 4 3 - 6 4 5 6 7 T 9 6 0 - T 9 6 0 - T 9 6 0 - T 9 6 0 - 9 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 T D 0 0
O W 1 0 0 9 0 5 - 4 7 9 2 5 0 : . o N t e k c o D y e n r o t t A UUU F - A F G S U A F G S U UC M M- x G F A F S C C F MC F MA 1 M- 0 - C F M F x UC F C F M M- UC F C F C F S A F T AU F A H ] 8 M M M- H ] M MC D [ - M M M- H ] C F G F U F T A F CU F 0 A F CU F 2 3 U F CM C F UC 2 3 - S UUG S U D [ U F AO- 1 U F AO- 1 C F C F H F O G F O- 1 HM M M M- - S A AH HM M M 7 C - - S AM M 7 F 0 - HM C - - S A - S UMU 7 F 0 - HM MAM 7 C ] 2 HM M C - 0 - O- ’ S CU F A F S F O ] O 5 - S UC F A F F U x T O- S UC F A F F U x T O- S AC F F C F - F 3 - O- S GU F A F F U x T C F G MG MC M 7 C 2 3 ’ 5 UU MG S M M D [ ’ 5 UU MG S M M D [ ’ 5 AU F M U S A 1 0 ’ 5 GG MC S M M D [ - 5 6 7 S 1 T 6 - 1 1 S T 6 - 1 5 1 S T 6 - 2 - 6 2 1 S 6 1 S 6 1 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 T D 0 0 T D 0 0 3 3 2 2 2 4 2 1 5 1 5 8 4 0 5 3 1 4 4 4 6 2 9 4 9 4 6 4 8 4 7 - 3 8 9 4 5 T 0 3 1 - T 0 3 1 - T 0 4 1 - T 0 4 1 - 0 1 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 T D 0 0
O W 1 0 0 9 0 5 - 4 7 9 2 5 0 : . o N t e k c o D y e n r o t t A 7 6 7 6 7 6 7 6 7 6 U F A S A GUU UUC U G UC S G U F F F S F F S F F U S F F F F MC F UMAM- GU U F G UC F U GGU F UGH ] 2 M MA 3 M- U F CAH ] 2 MA 3 CM M- F AUH ] 2 M M M- ] M - 3 A F GCH 2 M M ] 3 G F UAH 2 3 - S U F F O AG 7 - C 1 - S C F U F O- MA 7 C1 - S U F F O AU 7 - C 1 - S A F F O UU - M 7 C1 - S U F F O GG - M 7 1 HM M M- 0 - HM M - 0 - HM M M- 0 - M M - 0 - M M C - 0 - O- ’ S GC F 5 F U F F U x T O A - S A F C F F U x T O- S AC F C F F U x T H O S AU F G F F U x T H O S CU F U F F A x T GA MC S M M D [ ’ 5 C F A MC S M M D [ ’ 5 F AC MU S M M D [ - ’ 5 C F C MG S M M D [ - ’ 5 F GC MG S M M D [ - 7 S 2 8 T 6 - 2 - 9 2 - 0 3 - 1 3 1 S 0 T 6 1 S 6 0 T 1 S 6 1 S 6 1 D 0 T D 0 T D 0 D 0 0 0 D 0 0 9 0 9 5 2 1 5 1 5 2 5 3 5 4 5 1 9 1 7 4 3 4 0 5 0 5 1 5 2 5 6 - 4 7 8 9 0 T 0 4 1 - T 0 4 1 - T 0 4 1 - T 0 5 1 - 0 1 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 T D 0 0
O W 1 0 0 9 0 5 - 4 7 9 2 5 0 : . o N t e k c o D y e n r o t t A 7 6 7 6 8 6 8 6 8 6 A M F G F S A A M- F A A x G F C F S A UU S U UM M F - UU x G F C F S T F C F F F U F S F T MU UMCM- ] MGC F D [ GMGMCM- ] MUMC- ] MCU D [ F CCH 2 3 GM F M- CGUH 2 3 A M ACH 2 3 AM CM- A F F O- 1 G G F G F H C F F F O- F 1 A F F O- F 1 F G F H - S GMGM 7 C - S C O - S UMCM 7 C - S GU 7 C - S GU O HM - 0 - HM M G 7 ] O 2 H M - 0 - H M M M- 0 - HM MG 7 ] 2 - ’ S GU F 5 F G F F U x T O- S A F CM F U C - F 3 - O S CG F U F F A x T O S CG F C F F A x T O S GC F M C C - F 3 - UG MC S M M D [ ’ 5 GC F M G S U 1 0 - ’ 5 F AA MA S M M D [ - ’ 5 F UC MA S M M D [ - ’ 5 C F A F M A S U 1 0 - 2 S 3 3 T 6 - 3 - 4 3 - 5 3 - 6 3 1 S 0 T 6 1 S 6 0 T 1 S 6 1 S 6 1 D 0 T D 0 T D 0 D 0 0 0 D 0 0 4 5 2 7 2 8 5 8 5 8 5 0 6 0 6 6 3 4 9 4 0 5 6 5 6 5 8 5 9 5 1 - 5 2 3 4 5 T 0 5 1 - T 0 5 1 - T 0 5 1 - T 0 5 1 - 0 1 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 T D 0 0
O W 1 0 0 9 0 5 - 4 7 9 2 5 0 : . o N t e k c o D y e n r o t t A 8 6 8 6 8 6 8 6 8 6 M GG A U M- C S A G S A AG S U C F C F S F F U C x U F S F G F F U F F F F T F C U F G C C F M MCM- ] MCMC D [ UMCM M- ] MCM M- ] MUM M- ] A F U F A F H O 2 3 G F C F M- H U F G F U F H O 2 3 G F U F U F H O 2 3 U F A F U F H 2 3 - S UU - MU 7 C1 - S GGU F O - S CAG - M 7 C1 - S GAG - M 7 C1 - S G O UA - M 7 1 HM M - 0 - H M MA 7 ] 2 HM M - 0 - H M M - 0 - M M C - 0 - O U - ’ S C F C F F U x T O 5 - S CC F M C F C F - F 3 - O S CC F U F F U x T O S CC F U F F U x T H O S UC F G F F U x T C F G MC S M M D [ ’ 5 AU M A S U 1 0 - ’ 5 C F U MG S M M D [ - ’ 5 F GU MA S M M D [ - ’ 5 F GU MU S M M D [ - 7 S 3 8 T 6 - 3 - 9 3 - 0 4 - 1 4 1 S 0 T 6 1 S 6 0 T 1 S 6 1 S 6 1 D 0 T D 0 T D 0 D 0 0 0 D 0 0 7 1 0 2 1 4 6 2 6 6 6 7 6 7 6 9 9 2 4 3 6 5 0 6 4 6 5 6 5 6 6 - 5 7 8 9 0 T 0 5 1 - T 0 5 1 - T 0 5 1 - T 0 6 1 - 0 1 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 T D 0 0
O W 1 0 0 9 0 5 - 4 7 9 2 5 0 : . o N t e k c o D y e n r o t t A 8 6 8 6 9 6 9 6 9 6 U M F UA A F AA A M- A A UA S U G F S F MU A F S MAM- ] MA F F A x A S F F F MAM- ] A F S A F T MC M C F F F U C D [ MCMA M- ] MGMGM- ] U F CGH 2 3 G F AGH 2 3 ACM- C F UCH 2 3 GUUH 2 3 - S A F U F O- MG 7 1 - S G F G F O- MA 7 1 F - S CC F U F H C F F O- F M O - S CMCM 7 1 - S U F F U O- MAM 7 1 HM M C - 0 - HM M C - 0 - HM C 7 ] 2 HM C - 0 - M C - 0 - O A - ’ S U F C F F A x T O 5 - S AG F C F F F A x T O U - S C F M A C - F 3 - O S UA F A F F A x T H O S CA F G F F A x T C F G MG S M M D [ ’ 5 GG MA S M M D [ ’ 5 C F A F M A S A 1 0 - ’ 5 F AA MA S M M D [ - ’ 5 F GG MA S M M D [ - 2 S 4 3 T 6 - 4 - 4 4 - 5 4 - 6 4 1 S 0 T 7 1 S 7 0 T 1 S 7 1 S 7 1 D 0 T D 0 T D 0 D 0 0 0 D 0 0 1 8 5 7 3 1 6 5 7 9 7 0 8 5 8 3 6 7 9 5 3 6 3 7 7 7 8 7 3 8 1 - 6 9 0 1 2 T 0 0 1 - T 1 1 1 - T 1 1 1 - T 1 1 1 - 1 1 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 T D 0 0
O W 1 0 0 9 0 5 - 4 7 9 2 5 0 : . o N t e k c o D y e n r o t t A 9 6 9 6 9 6 9 6 9 6 G F A M F S A F U F C S A F G F U F S U AC M - U x A F G F S A UAU AC F A F C F F S U F F T M M M- ] M MUM- ] MGMUM- ] MCMG D [ MAMUM- ] U F GGH 2 3 U F AUH 2 3 UUCH 2 3 C F GM- UACH 2 3 - S G F F U O- MUM 7 1 - S U F F A O- F MUM 7 1 - S A F F U O- MGM 7 1 - S A F AU F H O - S C F F F G O- MG 7 1 HM C - 0 - HM C - 0 - H M C - 0 - HM MG 7 ] 2 M M C - 0 - O U - ’ S U F A F F U x T O 5 - S UA F A F F F U x T O- S CA F U F F U x T O S GC F M C C - F 3 H - O S CA F A F F A x T C F A MG S M M D [ ’ 5 GA MU S M M D [ ’ 5 F AU MU S M M D [ - ’ 5 F UU F M U S U 1 0 - ’ 5 F GA MU S M M D [ - 7 S 4 8 T 7 - 4 - 9 4 - 0 5 - 1 5 1 S 0 T 7 1 S 7 0 T 1 S 7 1 S 7 1 D 0 T D 0 T D 0 D 0 0 0 D 0 0 2 5 3 2 7 8 8 8 8 2 9 4 9 6 9 4 3 5 4 9 0 8 6 8 0 9 2 9 5 9 3 - 1 4 5 6 7 T 1 1 1 - T 1 1 1 - T 1 1 1 - T 1 1 1 - 1 1 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 T D 0 0
O W 1 0 0 9 0 5 - 4 7 9 2 5 0 : . o N t e k c o D y e n r o t t A 9 6 9 6 0 7 8 6 9 6 A U A A G A A M M F G C A S AA A - F S F F F S F F F F S F F A x UAU A F U C F AA A F S A F T M GM M- ] MAMU M- ] MAM M- ] M MAM- ] MC MC D [ F ACH 2 3 G F UCH 2 3 G F UGH 2 3 G F AGH 2 3 ACM- A F F AO- 1 G F F O- 1 U F F O- 1 G F F O- 1 F C F U F H - S UM 7 C - S UCM 7 C - S CMUM 7 - S GMA 7 - S CM O HM M - 0 - HM M - 0 - HM C - 0 - HM M C - 0 - HM C 7 ] O 2 - ’ S AC F A F F 5 F U x T O- S A F U F U F F A x T O- S GA F A F F F U x T O S AG F C F F A x T O S CU F M A C - F 3 - GG MG S M M D [ ’ 5 AC MA S M M D [ ’ 5 UG MG S M M D [ - ’ 5 F GG MA S M M D [ - ’ 5 C F A F M A S A 1 0 - 2 3 4 S 5 T 7 - 5 1 S T 7 - 5 3 1 S T 7 - 4 - 4 4 1 S T 7 1 S 7 1 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 T D 0 0 6 7 5 4 0 5 7 9 8 9 8 1 5 7 9 7 8 5 7 9 6 9 6 8 7 7 1 3 9 7 7 7 8 - 1 9 0 1 2 T 1 1 1 - T 1 2 1 - T 1 2 1 - T 1 2 1 - 1 1 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 T D 0 0
O W 1 0 0 9 0 5 - 4 7 9 2 5 0 : . o N t e k c o D y e n r o t t A 9 6 9 6 9 6 9 6 9 6 AA S A UA S U GA S A UC S A GUU C F F F F F F F F F F F F S F MC F U MA M- GG UAU AC F U AG H ] M M M- H ] M M M- H ] M M M- ] M U- H M M ] C F UC 2 3 G F UU 2 3 U F GG 2 3 U F AU 2 3 U F UCH 2 3 - S CC F F O- MCM 7 1 - S U F F U O- MAM 7 1 - S G F F U O- MUM 7 1 - S U F F A O- MU 7 1 - S A F F UGO 7 - 1 HM C - 0 - H M C - 0 - HM C - 0 - M M C - 0 - M M M C - 0 - O- ’ S UA F A F F 5 F A x T O- S CA F G F F F A x T O S UU F A F F U x T H O S UA F A F F U x T H O S CA F U F F U x T AA MA S M M D [ ’ 5 GG MA S M M D [ - ’ 5 C F A MG S M M D [ - ’ 5 F GA MU S M M D [ - ’ 5 F AU MU S M M D [ - 5 S 4 6 T 7 - 4 - 7 4 - 8 4 - 9 4 1 S 0 T 7 1 S 7 0 T 1 S 7 1 S 7 1 D 0 T D 0 T D 0 D 0 0 0 D 0 0 3 0 1 2 3 2 8 5 8 5 8 8 8 2 9 5 8 3 4 5 4 7 3 8 3 8 6 8 0 9 3 - 2 4 5 6 7 T 1 2 1 - T 1 2 1 - T 1 2 1 - T 1 2 1 - 1 1 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 T D 0 0
O W 1 0 0 9 0 5 - 4 7 9 2 5 0 : . o N t e k c o D y e n r o t t A 9 6 9 6 9 6 9 6 0 7 AC M M- U x AGA A F GU ACA GA S A C F F F S F F S F F F S F F C F S UA F F T U U A U C F M CMG D [ F GM- M M M- ] MAMUM- ] MAMU UACH 2 3 G M - ] MAM M- ] F ACH 2 3 G F UCH 2 3 G F UGH 2 3 - S A F AU F H F F F O - S CG O- MGM 7 C1 - S A F F O UA - M 7 C1 - S G F UC F O- M 7 1 - S UC F F O- MUM 7 1 HM MG 7 ] 2 H M - 0 - HM M - 0 - HM M C - 0 - HM C - 0 - O- ’ S GC F M C 5 F C F - F 3 - O- S CA F A F F F A x T O- S AC F A F F U x T O S AU F U F F A x T O S GA F A F F U x T UU M U S U 1 0 ’ 5 GA MU S M M D [ ’ 5 F GG MG S M M D [ - ’ 5 F AC MA S M M D [ - ’ 5 F UG MG S M M D [ - 0 1 2 S 5 T 7 - 5 1 S T 7 - 5 3 1 S T 7 - 5 - 4 5 1 S T 7 1 S 7 1 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 T D 0 0 7 4 8 6 5 9 6 9 7 9 8 9 4 0 8 1 9 2 0 8 7 9 5 9 5 9 6 9 6 8 7 1 8 - 2 9 0 1 2 T 1 2 1 - T 1 3 1 - T 1 3 1 - T 1 3 1 - 1 1 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 T D 0 0
O W 1 0 0 9 0 5 - 4 7 9 2 5 0 : . o N t e k c o D y e n r o t t A 0 7 0 7 0 7 0 7 0 7 A M F AA A M- UA S U AGA A A A F S A F F A F S A x F F F F F S A S F T UGG UA F C F F F M MA G M- ] AMC MC D [ M M M- ] M MUM- ] MCMA M- ] F AGH 8 0 ACM- G F UUH 8 0 UACH 8 0 C F UCH 8 0 - S G F G F O- MA 7 1 F - S CC F U F H M O - S U F F U O- MAM 7 1 - S C F F F G O- MGM 7 1 - S CC F F O- MC 7 1 HM M C - 0 - HM C 7 ] 8 H M C - 0 - H M C - 0 - M M C - 0 - O- ’ S AG F C F F 5 F A x T O U - S C F M A C F - F 0 - O S CA F G F F A x T O S CA F A F F A x T H O S UA F A F F A x T GG MA S M M D [ ’ 5 C F A M A S A 1 0 - ’ 5 F GG MA S M M D [ - ’ 5 F GA MU S M M D [ - ’ 5 F AA MA S M M D [ - 0 S 8 1 T 7 - 8 - 2 8 - 3 8 - 4 8 1 S 0 T 7 1 S 7 0 T 1 S 7 1 S 7 1 D 0 T D 0 T D 0 D 0 0 0 D 0 0 5 5 7 1 8 3 7 9 7 5 8 6 9 0 8 7 3 9 3 0 5 7 7 7 3 8 5 9 8 7 5 - 4 6 7 8 9 T 1 4 1 - T 1 4 1 - T 1 4 1 - T 1 4 1 - 1 1 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 T D 0 0
O W 1 0 0 9 0 5 - 4 7 9 2 5 0 : . o N t e k c o D y e n r o t t A 0 7 0 7 0 7 0 7 1 7 G F A M F S A F U F C S A F G F U F S U F AC M - U x A F G S U UAU AC F A C F F S U F F F T M M M- ] M MUM- ] MGMUM- ] MCMG D [ MAMUM- ] U F GGH 8 0 U F AUH 8 0 UUCH 8 0 C F GM- G F ACH 8 0 - S G F F U O- MUM 7 1 - S U F F A O- F MUM 7 1 - S A F F U O- MGM 7 1 - S A F AU F H O - S A F F O UA - M 7 1 HM C - 0 - HM C - 0 - H M C - 0 - HM MG 7 ] 8 M M C - 0 - O U - ’ S U F A F F U x T O 5 - S UA F A F F F U x T O- S CA F U F F U x T O S GC F M C C - F 0 H - O S AC F A F F U x T C F A MG S M M D [ ’ 5 GA MU S M M D [ ’ 5 F AU MU S M M D [ - ’ 5 F UU F M U S U 1 0 - ’ 5 F GG MG S M M D [ - 5 S 8 6 T 7 - 8 - 7 8 - 8 8 - 9 8 1 S 0 T 7 1 S 7 0 T 1 S 7 1 S 7 1 D 0 T D 0 T D 0 D 0 0 0 D 0 0 2 5 3 2 7 6 8 8 8 2 9 4 9 7 9 4 3 5 4 9 8 8 6 8 0 9 2 9 5 9 0 - 5 1 2 3 4 T 1 5 1 - T 1 5 1 - T 1 5 1 - T 1 5 1 - 1 1 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 T D 0 0
O W 1 0 0 9 0 5 - 4 7 9 2 5 0 : . o N t e k c o D y e n r o t t A 1 7 1 7 1 7 1 7 1 7 A F CA G F A S A UUU UAU AAA A F S F F MA F S F F F S F F F S F GMU U M- AC F CC F U AAU UA F UCH ] 8 M M M- 0 G F UG F H ] 8 M M M- ] M M 0 U M- F CCH 8 0 U F UUH ] 8 M MA 0 A M- F ACH ] 8 0 - S G F UC F O- M 7 C1 - S UC F O- MUM 7 1 - S C F F U O- MUM 7 1 - S C F A F O- MC 7 1 - S A F U F O- MU 7 1 HM M - 0 - HM C - 0 - HM C - 0 - H M M C - 0 - H M M C - 0 - O- ’ S A 5 F U F U F F A x T O- S GA F A F F F U x T O- S GU F U F F F C x T O- S CU F A F F U x T O S CA F C F F A x T AC MA S M M D [ ’ 5 UG MG S M M D [ ’ 5 GG MG S M M D [ ’ 5 F AU MC S M M D [ - ’ 5 F AA MU S M M D [ - 0 1 2 3 S 9 T 7 - 9 1 S T 7 - 9 1 S T 7 - 9 4 1 S T 7 - 9 1 S T 7 1 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 5 8 9 4 0 2 2 0 8 8 1 9 4 9 8 6 1 7 6 9 6 8 4 4 2 7 7 4 7 8 6 1 5 1 5 - 5 6 7 8 9 T 1 5 1 - T 1 5 1 - T 1 5 5 1 - T 1 1 - 1 1 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 T D 0 0
O W 1 0 0 9 0 5 - 4 7 9 2 5 0 : . o N t e k c o D y e n r o t t A 1 7 1 7 1 7 1 7 2 7 U F A F S A F A F A F S A F C F A S A F A F G F S U F U F U F S U GAA CUU CC F CUC CAC F M M M- H ] M M M- H ] M MGM- H ] M M M- H ] M M M- H ] C F G F U 8 0 C F GG 8 0 U F CU 8 0 C F GA 8 0 C F UA 8 0 - S UU F O- MU 7 C1 - S A F F UUO- M 7 C1 - S G F G F O- MA 7 1 - S A F F O UG - M 7 1 - S A F U F O- MCM 7 1 HM M- 0 - HM M - 0 - HM M C - 0 - HM M C - 0 - HM C - 0 - O U - ’ S C F C F F A x T O C 5 - S C F A F F U x T O G - S U F C F F U x T O- S UC F G F F F A x T O- S AU F A F F F U x T C F G MU S M M D [ ’ 5 C F A MG S M M D [ ’ 5 C F A MC S M M D [ ’ 5 AA MU S M M D [ ’ 5 AA MA S M M D [ - 5 6 7 8 9 S 9 T 7 - 9 1 S 7 - 9 7 - 9 7 - 9 7 0 T 1 S T 1 S T 1 S T 1 D 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 7 0 3 1 6 1 3 0 0 0 1 7 1 4 8 1 9 8 9 8 9 5 9 8 5 2 6 1 9 3 8 7 1 7 8 0 - 6 1 2 3 4 T 1 6 1 - T 1 6 1 - T 1 6 6 1 - T 1 1 - 1 1 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 T D 0 0
O W 1 0 0 9 0 5 - 4 7 9 2 5 0 : . o N t e k c o D y e n r o t t A 2 7 2 7 2 7 2 7 2 7 G F G F S C F G F U F S C F U F U F S U A M M- F C x G F G S C C F F S G T F F UMUMUM- ] UMGMUM- ] MA C MG G M- ] MC F MC D [ MGMGM- ] CCAH 8 0 U F AAH 8 0 G F UCH 8 0 U F UM- CUUH 8 0 - S C F F F G O- MUM 7 C1 - S G F GC F O- M 7 1 - S U F G F O- MU 7 1 - S A F GA F H F O - S GC F F O- MCM 7 1 HM - 0 - HM M C - 0 - HM M C - 0 - HM MC 7 ] 8 M C - 0 - O U - ’ S U F G F F A x T O UU 5 - S U F F F G x T O- S UA F F A F C F x T O S UC F M C C - F 0 H - O S CG F G F F U x T C F U MA S M M D [ ’ 5 C F C MA S M M D [ ’ 5 GG MC S M M D [ - ’ 5 F GU F M U S U 1 0 - ’ 5 F UU MU S M M D [ - 3 S 1 4 T 8 - 1 - 5 1 - 6 1 - 7 1 1 S 0 T 8 1 S 8 0 T 1 S 8 1 S 8 1 D 0 T D 0 T D 0 D 0 0 0 D 0 0 2 3 5 7 5 3 2 3 2 3 2 4 2 6 2 4 1 7 9 7 5 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 4 2 6 - 7 7 8 9 0 T 1 7 1 - T 1 7 1 - T 1 7 1 - T 1 8 1 - 1 1 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 T D 0 0
O W 1 0 0 9 0 5 - 4 7 9 2 5 0 : . o N t e k c o D y e n r o t t A 2 7 2 7 2 7 2 7 3 7 G M F G S C F C F U S C F G F C M - U x C F C F S A U F C F S G U F U AC F U F S F T AU F A F MUM M- ] M MUM- ] MCMU D [ M MCM- ] MGMUM- ] G F CGH 8 0 C F ACH 8 0 A F AM- CUUH 8 0 AUCH 8 0 - S G F GC F O- M 7 C1 - S A F F O AU - M 7 C1 - S AC F G F H O - S C F F U F O- F MA 7 1 - S GC F F O- MUM 7 1 HM M - 0 - HM M - 0 - HM MU 7 ] 8 HM M C - 0 - M C - 0 - O UU - ’ S U F F F U x T O 5 - S GC F A F F F U x T O- S AC F M C C - F 0 - O S AG F C F F U x T H O S CG F G F F U x T C F C MU S M M D [ ’ 5 GG MG S M M D [ ’ 5 F GU F M A S U 1 0 - ’ 5 C F U MU S M M D [ - ’ 5 F AG MA S M M D [ - 8 S 1 9 T 8 - 1 - 0 2 - 1 2 - 2 2 1 S 0 T 8 1 S 8 0 T 1 S 8 1 S 8 1 D 0 T D 0 T D 0 D 0 0 0 D 0 0 1 7 2 8 6 1 2 2 3 6 3 7 3 0 4 3 5 4 0 8 3 2 0 3 5 3 5 3 8 3 1 - 8 2 3 4 5 T 1 8 1 - T 1 8 1 - T 1 8 1 - T 1 8 1 - 1 1 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 T D 0 0
O W 1 0 0 9 0 5 - 4 7 9 2 5 0 : . o N t e k c o D y e n r o t t A 3 7 3 7 3 7 3 7 2 7 U M M- F C U x U F G S A F UM M- F GA x GC F S U G F U S C C F S T U F C F S F T F F U F F MC F UMC D [ MGAM- ] MU D [ CMGMCM- ] MGMUM- ] F G F M- H U F C M F G F H O 8 0 AMG F CM F - H C F A F A F H 8 0 U F A F A F H 8 0 - S UUU F G - 1 A A U O- 1 G O- 1 HM MCO 7 ] 8 - S C HM MAM 7 C - 0 - - S G F O - S GA HM M C 7 ] 8 H M M M 7 C - 0 - - S GC HM M M 7 C - 0 - O- ’ S GC F M C 5 F A F - F 0 - O- S UG F C F F A x T O S ACM F G C - F 0 - O S CU F G F F U x T O S UU F U F F G x T UU M A S U 1 0 ’ 5 C F G MG S M M D [ - ’ 5 F GC F M A S A 1 0 - ’ 5 F AC MA S M M D [ - ’ 5 C F C MA S M M D [ - 3 S 2 4 T 8 - 2 - 5 2 - 6 2 - 4 1 1 S 0 T 8 1 S 8 0 T 1 S 8 1 S 8 1 D 0 T D 0 T D 0 D 0 0 0 D 0 0 0 7 0 5 8 5 4 8 1 9 1 9 1 3 2 2 5 2 7 0 7 4 6 1 7 1 8 1 1 2 6 - 8 7 8 9 0 T 1 8 1 - T 1 8 1 - T 1 8 1 - T 1 9 1 - 1 1 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 T D 0 0
O W 1 0 0 9 0 5 - 4 7 9 2 5 0 : . o N t e k c o D y e n r o t t A 2 7 2 7 2 7 2 7 3 7 UUU A - C M M GGC G C U M M- F F S F x F F S F F G S F C x C F C F S G T G U F C F F S A T MAMG G M- ] MC F M D [ MGMGM- ] MUUM- ] MC F D [ F UCH 8 0 U F C UM- CUUH 8 0 GM CGH 8 UMC CM- U F F O- 1 A F AH F G F F O- F 1 G F F O 0 - F 1 C F C F H - S GMUM 7 - S G F O - S CMCM 7 C - S GCM 7 C - S A O HM C - 0 - HM MC 7 ] O 8 H M - 0 - HM M - 0 - HM MA 7 ] 8 - ’ S UA F 5 F A F C F x T O- S UC F M C F C- F 0 - O S CG F G F F U x T O S UU F U F F U x T O S AC F M C C - F 0 - GG MC S M M D [ ’ 5 GU F M U S U 1 0 - ’ 5 F UU MU S M M D [ - ’ 5 C F C MU S M M D [ - ’ 5 F AU F M U S A 1 0 - 5 S 1 6 T 8 - 1 - 7 1 - 8 1 - 2 3 1 S 0 T 8 1 S 8 0 T 1 S 8 1 S 8 1 D 0 T D 0 T D 0 D 0 0 0 D 0 0 7 3 5 3 1 2 2 4 2 6 2 7 2 8 4 9 1 7 5 3 4 2 2 2 4 2 5 2 6 4 1 - 9 2 3 4 5 T 1 9 1 - T 1 9 1 - T 1 9 1 - T 1 9 1 - 1 1 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 T D 0 0
O W 1 0 0 9 0 5 - 4 7 9 2 5 0 : . o N t e k c o D y e n r o t t A 3 7 3 7 6 6 3 7 3 7 G F AC U F A S A AG S U GUU U C A F S MU F F F F F F S F F U S F MA U C M- C F A CUC F GU U F G F UCH ] 8 M M M- 0 U F UGH ] 8 M 0 AM M- F CUH ] 8 M MA 0 M- ] MA - U F CAH 8 0 CM M ] F AUH 8 0 - S G F U F O- MU 7 C1 - S U F F O AG 7 - C 1 - S U F F O AA - M 7 C1 - S C F U F O- MA 7 C1 - S U F F O AU 7 - 1 HM M- 0 - HM M M- 0 - HM M - 0 - M M - 0 - M M M C - 0 - O- ’ S GU F 5 F A F F U x T O- S GC F F U F F U x T O S UC F A F F U x T H O S AA F C F F U x T H O S AC F C F F U x T GG MC S M M D [ ’ 5 GA MC S M M D [ - ’ 5 F UU MG S M M D [ - ’ 5 C F A MC S M M D [ - ’ 5 F AC MU S M M D [ - 3 S 3 4 T 8 - 3 - 6 1 - 5 3 - 6 3 1 S 0 T 8 1 S 6 0 T 1 S 8 1 S 8 1 D 0 T D 0 T D 0 D 0 0 0 D 0 0 4 0 9 2 9 5 5 0 5 1 5 1 5 2 5 6 8 1 4 1 7 4 9 4 9 4 0 5 0 5 6 - 9 7 8 9 0 T 1 9 1 - T 1 9 1 - T 1 9 1 - T 1 0 1 - 2 1 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 T D 0 0
O W 1 0 0 9 0 5 - 4 7 9 2 5 0 : . o N t e k c o D y e n r o t t A 4 7 4 7 4 7 4 7 4 7 A M F G F S A G F C F S A U M F - UU x GG S A UM M F - U C x G F F U F S F T C F F F U F S T MUC- U M ] GGC- C CC- C F M M M M ] M U D [ M M ] M C D [ F CCH 8 0 CGUH 8 0 AM CM- M AUAH 8 0 GM CM- A F F O- 1 C F F F O- F 1 G F G F H F F F O- F 1 G F U F H - S GMG 7 C - S UMCM 7 C - S U O - S UUMU 7 C - S G O HM M- 0 - H M - 0 - HM MG 7 ] O 8 HM M - 0 - H M MA 7 ] 8 - ’ S GU F 5 F G F F U x T O- S CG F U F F F A x T O S GC F M C C - F 0 - O S CU F C F F U x T O S CC F M C C - F 0 - UG MC S M M D [ ’ 5 AA MA S M M D [ - ’ 5 C F A F M A S U 1 0 - ’ 5 C F G MC S M M D [ - ’ 5 F AU F M A S U 1 0 - 7 S 3 8 T 8 - 3 - 9 3 - 0 4 - 1 4 1 S 0 T 8 1 S 8 0 T 1 S 8 1 S 8 1 D 0 T D 0 T D 0 D 0 0 0 D 0 0 4 5 7 8 7 0 5 8 5 0 6 1 6 2 6 6 3 9 0 9 2 5 6 5 9 5 9 5 0 6 1 - 0 2 3 4 5 T 2 0 1 - T 2 0 1 - T 2 0 1 - T 2 0 1 - 2 1 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 T D 0 0
O W 1 0 0 9 0 5 - 4 7 9 2 5 0 : . o N t e k c o D y e n r o t t A G F U S A F A F G S U U F U S A G F A F G - AC - UH UMC F MGM- C F UC F - G F F UA GG F 1 A 0 - C F C F C F O H ] 8 M M MH ] 8 M M M- H ] 8 M M M- F x M M M 7 C] G F UU F 0 U F AU F 0 U F C F G 0 A F GC T C F UA- 8 0 - S G F AGO- M 7 C1 - S G F UAO- M 7 C1 - S AU F O- MG 7 1 - S G F F G S A MAM M D [ - - S C F A F F - MAA 1 H M M - F 0 - HM M - F 0 - HM M C - 0 - HM AH HM M M 0 - O- ’ S CC F U F 5 F U x T O- S UC F G F F U x T O A - S U F C F F A x T O- S GA F A F S F F O ] O- S GA F A F A F x T GU MA S M M D [ ’ 5 GU MU S M M D [ ’ 5 C F G MG S M M D [ ’ 5 GA MA MA M 7 C 8 0 ’ 5 F AA MC MC M D [ - 2 3 S 4 T 8 - 4 4 1 S 0 T 8 - 4 - 7 5 - 8 5 1 S 8 0 T 1 S 8 1 S 8 1 D 0 T D 0 T D 0 D 0 0 0 D 0 0 1 7 4 1 5 7 6 7 6 8 6 5 7 9 7 3 5 6 3 5 7 6 5 6 6 6 3 7 7 7 6 - 0 7 8 7 8 T 2 0 1 - T 2 0 1 - T 2 1 1 - T 2 1 1 - 2 1 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 T D 0 0
O W 1 0 0 9 0 5 - 4 7 9 2 5 0 : . o N t e k c o D y e n r o t t A M M M- - M M M - M M - M MC 7 ] M M M - C F A F G F F x A T C - F A F F A F x A T A M- F F G F C F x A T M - C F U F A F C - F 8 0 C F F A F G F x T - S GGMA S M M D [ - - S GAMU S M M D [ - - S GGMA S M M D [ - - S CAAA- 1 - S GGA S A M D [ - HM UU F A F S U F H HM AA F G F S A F H HM GA F A F S A F H HM M M M 0 - GA F AA x HM M M UUA S UH O- ’ S F UGGO 7 ] O 8 - S F UAUO 7 ] O- S F AAAO 7 ] O- S F AC F C F T O- S F F F F UGGO 7 ] 5 U M M M C 0 ’ 5 G M M M C 8 0 ’ 5 G M M M C 8 0 ’ 5 A M M M D [ ’ 5 U M M M C 8 0 - 9 S 5 - 0 6 - 7 5 - 8 5 9 5 T 8 1 S 8 D 0 1 S 8 S 8 - S 8 0 T D 0 0 T 1 D 0 0 T 1 D 0 0 T 1 D 0 0 1 5 8 5 7 1 8 6 9 5 7 9 7 5 8 1 3 8 4 5 7 1 8 9 3 7 7 7 3 8 9 0 1 - 1 T 2 1 - 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 0 T 1 - T 1 - T 1 - T 1 D 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0
O W 1 0 0 9 0 5 - 4 7 9 2 5 0 : . o N t e k c o D y e n r o t t A UA F C - UM M F - CA x CU S A U F U S U G F A S A C F F MGMG 1 M C - F 0 F - A F A F A F x MA S C F F AU F F F F F T F T CMU D [ M M M- ] UMUMAM- ] UMGMGM- F AM- C F A F A F H 8 0 U F U F GH 8 0 C F G F AH ] 8 0 - S GAU S A D [ A F A F H O AAGO- 1 C F O A - 1 AU F O- 1 HM M M M- - S UU - S M M 7 AGAH HM M M 7 C ] 8 HM C - F 0 - - S HM MUM 7 C - - S MAM 7 F 0 - HM C - F 0 - O- ’ S A F F S F 5 F O ] O- S U F C F G F - F 0 - O- S UG F A F F GU S A x T O- S GC F C F F S U x T O- S AG F U F U x T MA MU M 7 C 8 0 ’ 5 UC M A S A 1 0 ’ 5 UA MA M M D [ ’ 5 UG MU M M D [ ’ 5 C F U MC S M M D [ - 0 S 6 1 7 2 3 4 T 8 - 1 S 8 - 7 8 - 7 8 - 7 8 0 T 1 S 0 T 1 S 0 T 1 S T 1 D 0 D 0 D 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 8 6 3 9 9 9 7 5 5 0 7 0 0 1 7 1 8 1 8 4 5 9 7 9 9 3 7 0 5 2 8 1 7 1 7 1 4 - 2 0 1 2 3 T 2 3 1 - T 2 3 1 - T 2 3 1 - T 2 3 1 - 2 1 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 T D 0 0
O W 1 0 0 9 0 5 - 4 7 9 2 5 0 : . o N t e k c o D y e n r o t t A U C A A U U C C A U G A A A U U U A 5 6 6 6 7 8 7 7 6 7 6 7 C F AA - C F AA - C F GG - UUG - A F F 1 MU MUM- F 0 - A F F G 1 0 A F F U 1 0 C F F F 1 x MAM M- F - x MUM M- F - x MAMUM- F 0 - U F CG F T U F G F A F T C F C F A F T G F C F C F x T - S UC F MA S A M M D [ - - S UAA S A M D [ CAG S U D [ UGU S U D [ M M M - - S M M M M - - S M M M M - HMUC - S AH HUCU S AH HGAA S AH H UU S UH O ’ S U F F F O ] O S F F F O ] O F F F O ] OU F F F O ] 5 C F A MA MU M 7 C 8 0 - ’ 5 F UC MA MU M 7 C 8 0 - ’ S 5 F GC MU MU M 7 C 8 0 - ’ S 5 F UU MU MA M 7 C 8 0 - 5 S 7 6 T 8 - 7 7 7 8 7 1 S 8 - 1 S 8 - S 8 D 0 T T 1 T 1 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 3 9 9 7 5 3 0 1 5 7 1 7 1 7 1 3 7 9 7 3 3 0 9 5 5 1 6 1 7 1 4 - 3 5 3 6 3 7 3 T 2 1 - T 2 1 - 2 1 - 2 1 D 0 0 D 0 0 T D 0 0 T D 0 0
O W 1 0 0 9 0 5 - 4 7 9 2 5 0 : . o N t e k c o D y e n r o t t A A G A A U C A A U U C C A U G A A A 9 6 5 6 6 7 7 7 6 7 6 7 C F G F A - C F AA - C F AA - CGG - AMU F 1 F F 1 MAM- F 0 - A x MU MUM- F 0 - A F F G 1 0 F A F F U 1 0 x MAM M- F - x MUM M- F - A F G F U U T U F CG F T U F G F A F T C F C F A F x T - S CUMC F S M M D [ - - S UC F A S A M D [ U A S A D [ CAG S U D [ M M M - - S A M M M M - - S M M M M - H - C M GA S AH H UC S AH HUCU S AH H AA S AH O ’ S F F F O ] O S U F F F O ] O F F F O ] OG F F F O ] 5 F AU MG MG M 7 C 8 0 - ’ 5 C F A MA MU M 7 C 8 0 - ’ S 5 F UC MA MU M 7 C 8 0 - ’ S 5 F GC MU MU M 7 C 8 0 - 9 S 7 5 T 8 - 7 6 7 7 7 1 S 8 - 1 S 8 - S 8 D 0 T T 1 T 1 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 0 0 3 7 5 3 8 9 9 1 1 0 1 7 1 0 8 3 7 1 7 9 7 3 3 0 9 1 6 1 8 - 3 9 3 0 4 1 4 T 2 1 - T 2 1 - 2 1 - 2 1 D 0 0 D 0 0 T D 0 0 T D 0 0
O W 1 0 0 9 0 5 - 4 7 9 2 5 0 : . o N t e k c o D y e n r o t t A C F U F G F - 1 F G F A F - 1 UU F H UU H F U F U F - 1 MA GMUM- F 0 - AU F C F C F x T M MAM- A F 0 - C F CU F O F F G F U x T M MA C F GM 7 C F U C ] C F O C M CA- 0 - - F 8 M F A 0 C F GM 7 C] - F 8 0 CM M M MGU U x T - S UG S U MUM M D [ - - S CU F S U MCM M D [ F - - S UUU M S U 1 F F F F - - S UUU F S U- 1 - S UUG S M D [ - HMUUUH H M AH HM GM M 0 - HM MGM M 0 - HM M M S AH O- ’ S U F F S F 5 F O ] O- S CG F A F S F F O ] O- S CU F UU F A F S A x F T O- S CU F F A F S A x T O- S CU F A F M O ] MU MA M 7 C 8 0 ’ 5 AU MG MG M 7 C 8 0 ’ 5 CG M G C D [ ’ 5 CG F M G C D [ ’ 5 C M G MG MC M 7 C 8 0 - 8 9 7 9 S 7 T 8 - 7 1 S T 8 - 8 1 S T 8 - 8 3 1 S T 8 - 9 1 S T 8 1 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 5 7 0 0 3 1 3 3 3 7 1 8 2 3 2 3 2 5 5 0 3 3 3 7 8 1 7 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 2 - 4 3 6 7 0 T 2 4 1 - T 2 4 1 - T 2 4 5 1 - T 2 1 - 2 1 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 T D 0 0
O W 1 0 0 9 0 5 - 4 7 9 2 5 0 : . o N t e k c o D y e n r o t t A C C U A A C C U A A C C U A A C C U A A 3 7 4 7 5 7 6 7 7 7 7 7 F F M - M F A- - M F A - UUU CCMAM-M 1 0 CC F M M 1 0 CC F M- 1 C F F F - 1 C M G F U F - M GUM S U- M GUM M 0 - M CMAM-M 0 - M S U x T C F M GM x T C F M GUM x T CGU x T - S UUMGM M U S A D [ - - S UUM M A S A M D [ - - S UUM M AA M D [ M F F S U - - S UUMGM M D [ - HM F A F M H HMU F MCH HMU F MCH H E U S AH O- S CGGCO O S CGGMO O S CGGMO O C F A F M O ’ 5 C M M M M U U U 7 ] C 8 0 - ’ 5 C M M M U UU M 7 ] C 8 0 - ’ 5 C M M M U UU ] - S C E M 7 C 8 0 ’ 5 G MG MC ] M 7 C 8 0 - 4 6 8 S 9 T 8 - 9 1 S 8 - 9 9 8 - 9 8 0 T 1 S 0 T 1 S 0 T 1 D 0 D 0 D 0 D 0 0 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 1 3 1 3 3 2 2 1 2 1 2 1 - 5 2 5 3 5 4 5 T 2 1 - T 2 1 - 2 1 - 2 1 D 0 0 D 0 0 T D 0 0 T D 0 0
O W 1 0 0 9 0 5 - 4 7 9 2 5 0 : . o N t e k c o D y e n r o t t A C C U A A C C U A A C C U A A U U G U 7 7 8 7 7 9 7 7 0 7 8 7 UUU - UUU - M M M - U F AA - C F C F F A 1 0 C F C F F A 1 0 U F U F U F 1 0 G F F 1 M M M-M - x M M M- - x C E CA- - MGMCM- 0 - C E G F U F U T C E G F UM T CM M M x T U F F UU x T - S UU S MGM M D [ - - S U F U S U MGM E D [ E G - - F U F SUU S U D [ - - S CC F F S G MAM M D [ - H E UA S AH H E UA S AH H E MGM M H H M GUCH O- S C F F M O ’ ] O S C F F E O O S C S AO OC F F S F O 5 C M G MG MC M 7 C 8 0 - ’ 5 C M G MG MC M 7 ] C 8 0 - ’ 5 C E U F A F G G C M 7 ] C 8 0 - ’ S 5 F UU MG MU M 7 ] C 8 0 - 0 S 0 1 T 9 - 0 2 1 S 9 - 0 6 9 - 0 9 0 T 1 S 0 T 1 S T 1 D 0 D 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 3 3 3 3 5 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 1 3 1 3 5 2 2 1 2 1 2 5 - 5 6 5 7 5 1 6 T 2 1 - T 2 1 - 2 1 - 2 1 D 0 0 D 0 0 T D 0 0 T D 0 0
O W 1 0 0 9 0 5 - 4 7 9 2 5 0 : . o N t e k c o D y e n r o t t A MGMUM - M - F - M MCM - M U 7 ] M A - U - F F A F A x C T UG F U F F S C x T - A F F C F A F x M U T C M F G C F G F - F 8 M 0 M- G F F C F C F x T - S GGC F S M M D [ - - S UAMAMC M D [ - - S CA S MAM D [ - - S CUU S U- 1 - S UU S U MUM D [ - HM M U UUU F S F H HMG G F C F S F U H HM M GG F C F S A F H HM M GAC M M 0 - M M A x H CA F U S AH O- ’ S F 5 C F C MA MGO M 7 ] O C 8 0 - ’ S 5 F U U C M MUMO A G 7 ] O C 8 0 - ’ S 5 F GG MG MGO M 7 ] O C 8 0 - ’ S 5 F GC F MC F S F T O- S F F F M G D [ ’ 5 CG MC MCO M 7 ] C 8 0 - 8 S 0 - 0 1 2 1 4 1 6 1 T 9 1 S 9 - S 9 - S 9 - S 9 D 0 0 T 1 D 0 0 T 1 D 0 0 T 1 D 0 0 T 1 D 0 0 7 3 8 3 8 5 7 2 2 1 3 2 4 3 4 7 1 8 8 2 1 2 9 5 2 0 7 4 1 4 2 6 3 6 4 6 5 6 6 - T 2 1 - T 2 1 - T 2 1 - T 2 6 1 - T 2 1 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0
O W 1 0 0 9 0 5 - 4 7 9 2 5 0 : . o N t e k c o D y e n r o t t A M M M- - MU 7 ] MUM- - MUG - M M M - C F F G F U F x U T C M U F CM C - F 8 0 CM F F G F G F x U T M M- C F F U F A F x C T - U F F U F G F x T - S UUMG S M M D [ - - S GC F C F S U- 1 - S UUU S M D [ - - S CGG S M D [ - - S CUMA S A M M D [ - HM CU F G F S AH HM MG UUM M 0 - G x HC M C M M C F S A F H HM M MU UUU S F H HC M G F G F S C F H O- ’ S F F GGCO 7 ] O- S F C F U F S F T O- S F C F GUO 7 ] O- S F F F CCAO 7 ] O- S F UUUO 7 ] 5 C M M M C 8 0 ’ 5 A M U A D [ ’ 5 G M M M C 8 0 ’ 5 C M M M C 8 0 ’ 5 U M M M C 8 0 - 8 S 1 - 6 3 - 7 3 8 3 9 3 T 9 1 S 9 D 0 1 S 9 - S 9 - S 9 0 T D 0 0 T 1 D 0 0 T 1 D 0 0 T 1 D 0 0 8 1 8 0 1 2 2 1 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 8 9 8 0 0 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 7 6 7 - 6 T 2 1 - 7 2 7 8 2 7 9 2 7 2 0 T 1 - T 1 - T 1 - T 1 D 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0
O W 1 0 0 9 0 5 - 4 7 9 2 5 0 : . o N t e k c o D y e n r o t t A MUM M- - MGM - MGU - M - F - MGC 7 ] C F F C F A F x C T M - U F F UU F x T M M U - F F A F A x C T UG F U F F S C x T UM M F C C F C F - F 8 0 - S CG S MUM M D [ - - S CC F A S G M D [ - - S GGC F S M D [ - - S UAMAMC M D [ - - S GUU S U- 1 HM UH H M M MCH HM M MU MG F C F S F M M M M 0 - O- UU F G F S F CG F U F S F UUU F S F H HG H HAAC x ’ S 5 C F U MA MAO M 7 ] O C 8 0 - ’ S 5 F UU MG MUO M 7 ] O C 8 0 - ’ S F 5 C F C MA MGO M 7 ] O C 8 0 - ’ S 5 F U U C M UMUMO A G 7 ] O C 8 0 - ’ S 5 F GC F MC F S G F T M C D [ - 0 S 4 - 6 0 8 0 0 1 5 6 T 9 1 S 9 - S 9 - S 9 - S 9 D 0 0 T 1 D 0 0 T 1 D 0 0 T 1 D 0 0 T 1 D 0 0 4 3 5 3 7 8 5 2 2 3 2 3 2 4 2 4 1 5 7 2 1 2 1 8 2 1 5 2 2 2 0 8 1 8 2 8 3 8 6 - T 2 1 - T 2 1 - T 2 1 - T 2 9 1 - T 2 1 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0
O W 1 0 0 9 0 5 - 4 7 9 2 5 0 : . o N t e k c o D y e n r o t t A M M M - MGM M - M MC - MAU - MCUO ] C - F F G F G F x U T U - F F UU F x T M- A F F C F A F x U T GM M F - C F F A F x T AM M F C F C F 7 C 8 0 - S UUMU S M M D [ - - S CC F MU S U M M D [ - - S CAA S M D [ - - S GGG S U M D [ - - S GUA- F - 1 HM O G - F G F S C F H HM GG F G F S C F H HM M M GG F C F S A F H HM M M UCU S CH HM M GGC M UM 0 - x ’ S G F GGGO 7 ] O- S F UUUO 7 ] O- S F GGGO 7 ] O- S F F AC F F UO 7 ] O- S F F UC F U F T 5 C M M M C 8 0 ’ 5 U M M M C 8 0 ’ 5 G M M M C 8 0 ’ 5 A M M M C 8 0 ’ 5 A M M U D [ - 6 S 6 - 7 6 - 2 1 8 6 9 6 T 9 1 S 9 D 0 1 S 9 - S 9 - S 9 0 T D 0 0 T 1 D 0 0 T 1 D 0 0 T 1 D 0 0 3 6 1 8 2 8 2 7 2 1 3 2 3 6 3 3 4 1 5 8 2 8 2 2 9 2 0 3 4 3 7 8 9 - 9 T 2 1 - 9 2 9 0 2 0 1 3 0 3 0 T 1 - T 1 - T 1 - T 1 D 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0
O W 1 0 0 9 0 5 - 4 7 9 2 5 0 : . o N t e k c o D y e n r o t t A CU F U F - 1 F UC F - 1 F U F C F F U F G F - U F AH C F MUMAM- A F 0 - GC F F GC x M T MU C M- F 0 - S A F G F G x T MAMUO C M 7 F GG C U 1 AA 0 - C F UC F O 7 - ] F 8 M M 0 M- G F F C F C x M T CM M F C F C C] - F 8 0 - S C F F U S U MUM D [ - - S AG F S U MAM D [ - - S C F F UU S U- 1 - S UU F S U MUM D [ - - S UU F MG S U- 1 H M M C M M M M S AH H GH H M M 0 - HM M M M S AH H M 0 - O- ’ S C F C F 5 F F O ] O- S AU F C F S F F O ] O- S G F A F C F S A F x T O- S CA F U F F O ] O- S UU F F U F S C x T UA MU MC M 7 C 8 0 ’ 5 AA MG MU M 7 C 8 0 ’ 5 GC MC M G D [ ’ 5 C F G MC MC M 7 C 8 0 ’ 5 GG MC F M A D [ - 0 S 7 1 T 9 - 7 - 4 1 - 6 1 - 2 7 1 S 0 T 9 1 S 9 0 T 1 S 9 1 S 9 1 D 0 T D 0 T D 0 D 0 0 0 D 0 0 6 7 1 5 7 7 3 0 4 2 4 3 4 6 4 6 5 1 5 7 7 3 8 3 0 4 1 4 4 4 2 - 0 3 4 5 6 T 3 0 1 - T 3 0 1 - T 3 0 1 - T 3 0 1 - 3 1 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 T D 0 0
O W 1 0 0 9 0 5 - 4 7 9 2 5 0 : . o N t e k c o D y e n r o t t A M- M - - U F GUH UCMH C F UC - U F UG - AM F CMH U F UC F O C F F C F F F O GU 1 F F 1 F U 0 UA 0 U U F O M M M 7 C] MAMA 7 C] M M M- - x M MGM- - MAMA 7 C] G F C F A F - F 8 0 - S UUA S U- ACM- 8 0 G F F UA T GCU F x T U F CM- 8 0 1 F F C F F - S AU F S A- 1 - S GGC F S U M D F [ F F - S U S GACM D [ - S U F UA F F S U- 1 HM M M M 0 - HM MUM 0 - HM M MC - H M M MA - M MGM 0 - O- ’ S CU F C F S U x T O 5 - S CU F C M S A x T O- S GG F A F S F H F O ] O- S AU F A F S F H H O ] O S UAM F G S U x T C F C MC F M C D [ ’ 5 C F C F F M C C D [ ’ 5 GA MU MA M 7 C 8 0 ’ 5 C F U MC MA M 7 C 8 0 - ’ 5 F GC F C F M U D [ - 3 S 7 T 9 - 2 0 - 3 0 - 4 0 5 0 1 S 0 0 T 2 S 0 2 S 0 - 2 S 0 2 D 0 T D 0 T T D 0 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 0 7 2 8 4 0 9 2 4 4 5 0 5 1 5 0 5 2 6 4 8 9 2 4 4 4 8 4 9 4 7 - 0 2 3 4 5 T 3 2 1 - T 3 2 1 - T 3 2 2 1 - T 3 1 - 3 1 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 T D 0 0
O W 1 0 0 9 0 5 - 4 7 9 2 5 0 : . o N t e k c o D y e n r o t t A A G U A G U A G G C G U A G G A C A 9 3 0 4 1 8 4 2 8 8 4 8 UCA - C F AU - U F CC - CGU - C F F MU F 1 MA 0 U F F 1 F F 1 U 0 AGG 0 C F F UC F 1 0 A M - F - F A F C x MA T A M M F - - CC F F x M T M M G - - F U F F G x T M M M C - F - F G F U F x T - S CAMC F S U M M D [ - - S AC F MU S U M M D [ - - S UG F S U MCM M D [ - - S AA S A MAM M D [ - HMGU - S UH HMUUCH HMAG S AH H M GC S AH OU F F F O ’ S ] OG F F S F O ] O S G F F F O OC F F F O 5 F AG MU MA M 7 C 8 0 - ’ S 5 F GU MA MG M 7 C 8 0 - ’ 5 C F G MU MC M 7 ] C 8 0 - ’ S 5 F GG MG MC M 7 ] C 8 0 - 6 7 8 S 0 T 0 - 0 2 S 0 - 0 9 0 - 0 0 0 T 2 S 0 T 2 S 0 T 2 D 0 D 0 D 0 D 0 0 9 1 5 4 7 5 2 5 5 5 8 5 9 9 5 0 4 7 4 5 3 5 6 5 6 - 2 7 2 8 2 9 2 T 3 1 - T 3 1 - 3 1 - 3 1 D 0 0 D 0 0 T D 0 0 T D 0 0
O W 1 0 0 9 0 5 - 4 7 9 2 5 0 : . o N t e k c o D y e n r o t t A MUMGM- - MUU 7 ] MGA - M G - MUM - G F F C F C F x T M C M F U C M F C- F 8 0 C M F C - F F C F x T M M- C F F C F U F x T UM - F F CG F x T - S CA S U MAM D [ - - S CGC F S U- 1 - S AUA S U M D [ - - S GUA S U M D [ - - S G F UU S U M D [ - HM MU UU F U S F H HM M M M 0 - UGG A x HM M M UU F U S CH HM M MA AG F U S F H HM M M GAG F S UH O- ’ S F 5 C F U MC MUO M 7 ] O C 8 0 - ’ S F F 5 C F C MC S F T O- S F F F M C D [ ’ 5 CU MC MCO M 7 ] O C 8 0 - ’ S F 5 C F U MC MGO M 7 ] O C 8 0 - ’ S F F 5 C F C MU MCO ] M 7 C 8 0 - 0 S 1 - 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 T 0 2 S 0 - S 0 - S 0 - S 0 D 0 0 T 2 D 0 0 T 2 D 0 0 T 2 D 0 0 T 2 D 0 0 8 0 7 1 0 1 4 6 6 2 6 7 6 7 6 8 8 7 0 5 9 5 0 1 6 5 4 6 5 6 0 3 1 3 2 3 3 3 4 - T 3 1 - T 3 1 - T 3 1 - T 3 3 1 - T 3 1 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0
O W 1 0 0 9 0 5 - 4 7 9 2 5 0 : . o N t e k c o D y e n r o t t A M MGM- F - MCC 7 ] M M M - M MU - M M M - F A F C F x M M C - F x M- F - U A T U F A F A F - F 8 0 U F U F A F T U F A F A F x T C F F A F U F x T - S CGMG S M M D [ - - S AAA S A- 1 - S CAMG S U M M D [ - - S GAU S U M D [ - - S AUU S U M D [ - HM UU F U F S A F H HM M M M 0 - AAAA x HM GG F A F S A F H HM M U M F C S A F H HM M M UG F U S UH O- ’ S F GUAO 7 ] O- S F C F C F S F T O- S F UAUO 7 ] O- S G F F ACUO 7 ] O- S F F F AGUO 7 ] 5 A M M M C 8 0 ’ 5 A M M A D [ ’ 5 U M M M C 8 0 ’ 5 C M M M C 8 0 ’ 5 G M M M C 8 0 - 5 S 1 - 2 3 - 3 3 4 3 5 3 T 0 2 S 0 D 0 2 S 0 - S 0 - S 0 0 T D 0 0 T 2 D 0 0 T 2 D 0 0 T 2 D 0 0 1 8 3 2 3 2 6 0 8 5 8 8 8 2 9 1 6 3 8 2 3 2 6 7 3 8 6 8 0 9 5 4 5 - 3 T 3 1 - 4 3 4 6 3 4 7 3 4 3 0 T 1 - T 1 - T 1 - T 1 D 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0
O W 1 0 0 9 0 5 - 4 7 9 2 5 0 : . o N t e k c o D y e n r o t t A F G A F U F O F A A F C F - A 1 0 F U G F C F O F UG U F - C F U 1 F CG G F F - 1 MAG 7 MU - UC 7 0 - CA 0 - GM M F CC C - ] F 8 M M- 0 A F F C F A F x M T M M A F UU C - ] F 8 M M M 0 G - F F A F A F x T M M M- U F F G F C x T - S U F F UU S U- 1 - S GGMG S U M M D [ - - S AC F F A- MA S 1 - S UG S U MGM M D [ - - S C F G S A MGM D [ - HM M M M 0 - HMAGUH HM M ACM 0 - H M S AH HM MAH O- ’ S U 5 F A F C F S U F x T O- S A F F S F F O ] O- S U F F A x CG F A F F GC F S F T O- S F O ] O- S GU F G F S F F O ] MC M G D [ ’ 5 AU MA MU M 7 C 8 0 ’ 5 CA MA M U D [ ’ 5 AU MA MC M 7 C 8 0 ’ 5 CU MG MA M 7 C 8 0 - 6 7 8 S 3 T 0 - 3 2 S T 0 - 3 9 2 S T 0 - 3 - 6 4 2 S T 0 2 S 0 2 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 T D 0 0 7 4 6 5 4 0 0 9 7 9 8 9 8 1 8 1 7 2 6 5 9 5 9 6 9 4 8 0 7 1 6 1 8 - 4 9 0 1 5 T 3 4 1 - T 3 5 1 - T 3 5 1 - T 3 5 1 - 3 1 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 T D 0 0
O W 1 0 0 9 0 5 - 4 7 9 2 5 0 : . o N t e k c o D y e n r o t t A F CM F F A F A F - 1 F UU - 1 F C F G - 1 F AG F - A A MG F O A M C F CM 7 U C GA 0 - GC F C F 0 - GGC F 0 - A F H MCUO - ] F 8 M 0 CM M F - UG F x T M M M C - F F G F G F x M T M M U - F F UU F x T AM M F C F C 7 ] C 8 0 - S GC F G F S A- 1 - S AC F F A S U M D [ - - S UU S U MUM M D [ - - S CC F S U MUM M D [ - - S GU F - F - MA 1 HM MAM M 0 - HM M M C M M S UH HM CH H CH H M UM 0 - O- ’ S AU F G 5 F S A F x T O- S A F G F F F O ] O- S GG F G F S F O ] O- S GG F G F S F F O ] O- S GG F F C F U x T C F C M U G D [ ’ 5 AC MG MC M 7 C 8 0 ’ 5 C F G MG MG M 7 C 8 0 ’ 5 UU MU MU M 7 C 8 0 ’ 5 AU MC F M U D [ - 7 S 4 8 T 0 - 4 - 6 6 - 7 6 - 9 6 2 S 0 T 0 2 S 9 0 T 1 S 9 1 S 9 1 D 0 T D 0 T D 0 D 0 0 0 D 0 0 5 9 8 3 1 8 1 9 1 6 2 7 2 6 3 5 7 8 3 1 8 1 7 1 4 2 5 2 4 3 6 - 5 7 8 9 0 T 3 5 1 - T 3 5 1 - T 3 5 1 - T 3 6 1 - 3 1 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 T D 0 0
O W 1 0 0 9 0 5 - 4 7 9 2 5 0 : . o N t e k c o D y e n r o t t A CU F U F - 1 F UC F - 1 F G F UH UCMH F U F C F - C F M G F M U F O C F F C F O G 1 UAM- A F 0 - C F GC x M T MU C M- F 0 - F G F G x T MUMCM 7 G F CA C] A UU 0 - - F 8 M 0 M A F CA 7 M C] - F 8 M M M 0 G F - U F F A x T - S C F F UU S U M D [ - - S AG F S U MAM D [ - - S U F F UA S U- 1 F C - S AU F S A- 1 - S GG F S U MCM M D [ - H M M M C M M M S AH H GH HM M M 0 - HM MUM 0 - HM CH O- ’ S C F C F 5 F F O ] O- S AU F C F S F F O ] O- S CU F C F UA F S U x T O- S CU F C M S A x T O- S GG F A F S F F O ] MU MC M 7 C 8 0 ’ 5 AA MG MU M 7 C 8 0 ’ 5 CC MC F M C D [ ’ 5 C F C F F M C C D [ ’ 5 GA MU MA M 7 C 8 0 - 0 S 7 - 1 7 - 3 7 - 2 0 - 3 0 T 9 1 S 9 0 T 1 S 9 1 S 0 2 S 0 2 D 0 T D 0 T T D 0 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 6 7 1 0 0 7 2 4 3 4 4 8 4 0 5 6 5 1 8 0 5 2 4 3 3 4 6 4 8 4 1 - 6 2 3 4 5 T 3 6 1 - T 3 6 1 - T 3 6 6 1 - T 3 1 - 3 1 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 T D 0 0
O W 1 0 0 9 0 5 - 4 7 9 2 5 0 : . o N t e k c o D y e n r o t t A F U U F G F - 1 F C F H F C F C F - 1 F C F G - F AU F MAMG G M- F 0 - U U F O F C x MA 7 AGG 0 - G F 1 UG 0 - G F - UA 1 0 UMAM C] 8 M M M- F x M M M- F x M M M- F - G F U T F C - F 0 G F U F G T G F C F C T U F CG F x T A F S U D [ U F A F U- 1 UG F S U D [ C F S U D [ G F S U - S MCM- - S U S - S MCM M- - S AMAM- - S UUMD- HM M U AH HM MGM M 0 - HM S AH HM MUH OM M M S UH O- S A F A F S F UA F F O ] O- S F G F S U x F T O- S GA F G F F F O ] O- S UU F U F S F F O ] H S GA F G F F F O ’ 5 CU MC MA M 7 C 8 0 ’ 5 GC M U C D [ ’ 5 CG MU MC M 7 C 8 0 ’ 5 CU MC MU M 7 C 8 0 -' 5 CC MU MC M 7 C - 4 5 S 0 T 0 - 0 8 2 S 0 T 0 - 0 - 0 1 - 4 1 2 S 0 0 T 2 S 0 2 S 0 2 D 0 T D 0 T D 0 D 0 0 0 D 0 0 9 0 2 4 8 4 5 1 5 5 5 0 6 7 6 9 8 2 4 8 4 4 9 4 3 5 8 5 5 6 6 - 6 7 8 9 2 T 3 6 1 - T 3 6 1 - T 3 6 1 - T 3 4 1 - 8 1 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 T D 0 0
O W 1 0 0 9 0 5 - 4 7 9 2 5 0 : . o N t e k c o D y e n r o t t A MA F M 8 0 CGU 8 0 MG F M 8 0 G C 8 0 M F U- 8 0 GMU F AM-M - 1 F F F - UC F G 0 1 UUG- - 1 F G F F - 1 UU - U F M M - 1 MUMG 0 - M F M M 0 - UMUUM 0 - M A S U 0 - MUM S U M x M- T C F F U F A F S U x T CU M F A GM S U M x M - T C F C F F A F x CC F M M M S U T GU x M U T - S GMUM UD S CGGMD S CMG S UD S CGUMD S CM S D MA S - - M M M - U - MUM M- - M M M - U - MU F GM M - O G F G M HO UUU S - F H O U F U H O U F G F S F HO U AH H ' S CM 5 M CMOH S F F O H S C M AMO H S U OH S UMA M O C F UU M U 7 C -' 5 C F C MC MA M 7 C -' 5 C M C M C M U 7 C -' 5 C F U MA MA M 7 C -' 5 C M M G GC M 7 C - 5 S 7 7 T 8 - 7 - 9 7 - 1 8 - 3 8 2 S 0 T 8 2 S 8 0 T 2 S 8 2 S 8 2 D 0 T D 0 T D 0 D 0 0 0 D 0 0 4 7 1 1 4 4 6 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 4 5 1 1 4 4 6 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 3 - 4 4 5 6 7 T 8 4 1 - T 8 4 1 - T 8 4 1 - T 8 4 1 - 8 1 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 T D 0 0
O W 1 0 0 9 0 5 - 4 7 9 2 5 0 : . o N t e k c o D y e n r o t t A U M F - UAH MU F A M 8 0 M F A - UMU - M F A- 8 0 A F F O AMG F C - MG 1 CC F M-M 1 C M U F M 1 CC F M M - 1 UMCM 7 C M - 0 - M GUM U 0 - MC F A- 0 - M GU S U 0 - F C C F C F - F 8 U 0 M F CM x C F S M x T C M M GUM S U T GM F G x T C F M M M x UU F U U G M M U M S UUM S A T - S GUU S U- M M M M 1 S MUMD 0- - MA M F G- - S MU F AA D [ M M - - S U M MGM D [ M A- - S M D MU F AM M - OAAC G O - S ACC S HO S C CMH O S S CU F H O S C CMH H ' S 5 F F F S x T HM M M M OH GMGM O ] H AM M O ] H GG O GC MC F M C D -' 5 G UC MC M 7 C -' 5 C M U UU M 7 C 8 0 -' 5 C M G M GC M 7 C 8 0 -' 5 C M M M U UU M 7 C - 5 S 6 - 6 8 - 8 9 - 9 9 - 6 9 T 9 1 S 8 0 T 2 S 8 2 S 8 2 S 8 1 D 0 T D 0 T T D 0 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 5 4 5 4 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 3 2 3 2 5 2 5 2 3 1 3 3 2 2 2 1 2 1 2 8 - 4 9 8 9 0 T 8 4 1 - T 8 5 1 - T 8 5 6 1 - T 8 1 - 8 1 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 D 0 0 T D 0 0 Example 5: In vitro testing of unconjugated siRNAs targeting PMP22 Unconjugated compounds were tested for their ability to inhibit the expression of PMP22 in human Schwann cells that express endogenous PMP22 and HEK cells engineered to express human PMP22 (HEK-PMP22 cells). Transfection experiments and PMP22 quantitation were performed according to the methods described herein. Schwann cells and HEK-PMP22 cells were transfected with siRNAs at doses of 0.3 nM, 3 nM, and 30 nM. RNA was isolated 48 hours later, reverse transcribed to cDNA and PMP22 expression was quantified by qPCR. The average PMP22 expression for each of four replicates was calculated and shown in Tables 5 through 10. Several of the siRNAs inhibited PMP22 expression in a dose-dependent manner. Table 5: Transfection of PMP22 siRNAs into human Schwann cells Table 6: Transfection of PMP22 siRNAs into HEK-PMP22 cells Table 7: Transfection of PMP22 siRNAs into human Schwann cells Table 8: Transfection of PMP22 siRNAs into HEK-PMP22 Cells Table 9: Transfection of PMP22 siRNAs into Human Schwann Cells Table 10: Transfection of PMP22 siRNAs into HEK-PMP22 Cells Schwann cells and HEK-PMP22 cells were transfected with siRNAs at doses of 3 nM and 30 nM. RNA was isolated 48 hours later, reverse transcribed to cDNA and PMP22 expression was quantified by qPCR. The average PMP22 expression for each of four replicates was calculated and shown in Tables 11 and 12. Several of the siRNAs inhibited PMP22 expression in a dose-dependent manner. Table 11: Transfection of PMP22 siRNAs into HEK-PMP22 and Schwann Cells
Table 12: Transfection of PMP22 siRNAs into HEK-PMP22 Cells and Schwann Cells Compounds DT-000904 through DT-000928 target the 3’-UTR of human PMP22. As HEK-PMP22 cells do not express the 3’-UTR of PMP22, these compounds were tested in Schwann cells only. Table 13: Transfection of siRNAs into Schwann Cells Compounds DT-001010 through DT-001034 target the 5’-UTR of human PMP22. As HEK-PMP22 cells do not express the 5’-UTR of PMP22, these compounds were tested in Schwann cells only. Table 14: Transfection of siRNAs into Schwann Cells Certain compounds were selected for additional testing in a dose-response experiment. Schwann cells and HEK-PMP22 cells were transfected with siRNAs at doses of 0.3 nM, 1 nM, 3 nM, 10 nM and 30 nM. RNA was isolated 48 hours later, reverse transcribed to cDNA and PMP22 expression was quantified by qPCR. The average PMP22 expression for each of four replicates was calculated and shown in Tables 15 through 18. Several of the siRNAs inhibited PMP22 expression in a dose-dependent manner. Table 15: Transfection of siRNAs into HEK PMP22 Cells: Dose Response Table 16: Transfection of siRNAs into HEK PMP22 Cells: Dose Response Table 17: Transfection of siRNAs into HEK PMP22 Cells: Dose Response
Table 18: Transfection of siRNAs into Schwann Cells: Dose Response Based on transfection data, certain compounds were identified as “hits” and selected for conjugation. Table 19 illustrates the parent unconjugated siRNAs identified as “hits” and the one or more conjugated siRNAs derived therefrom. Also shown are the lengths of the sense strand, the uptake motif attached to the sense strand, and the 5’ terminal moiety of the antisense strand. Table 19: Unconjugated and conjugated siRNA relationship charts
Example 6: Free uptake experiments Conjugated compounds were tested for their ability to inhibit the expression of PMP22 in HEK cells engineered to express human PMP22 (HEK-PMP22 cells). These studies were performed under free uptake conditions as described herein. The “parent” unconjugated compound ID is indicated next to each conjugated compound ID. Schwann cells and HEK-PMP22 cells were treated with siRNAs as indicated in the Tables below. RNA was isolated 48 hours later, reverse transcribed to cDNA and PMP22 expression was quantified by qPCR. The average PMP22 expression for each of four replicates was calculated and shown in Tables 20 through 34. Table 20: Free Uptake of PMP22 siRNAs into HEK-PMP22 Cells Table 21: Free Uptake of PMP22 siRNAs into HEK-PMP22 Cells Table 22: Free Uptake of PMP22 siRNAs into Schwann Cells Table 23: Free Uptake of PMP22 siRNAs into HEK-PMP22 Cells Table 24: Free Uptake of PMP22 siRNAs into Schwann Cells Table 25: Free Uptake of PMP22 siRNAs into Schwann Cells Table 26: Free Uptake of PMP22 siRNAs into Schwann Cells Table 27: Free Uptake of PMP22 siRNAs into Schwann Cells
Table 28: Free Uptake of PMP22 siRNAs into HEK-PMP22 Cells Table 29: Free Uptake of PMP22 siRNAs into Schwann Cells Table 30: Free Uptake of PMP22 siRNAs into Schwann Cells Table 31: Free Uptake of PMP22 siRNAs into HEK-PMP22 Cells Table 32: Free Uptake of PMP22 siRNAs into HEK-PMP22 Cells Table 33: Free Uptake of PMP22 siRNAs into HEK-PMP22 Cells Table 34: Free Uptake of PMP22 siRNAs into Schwann Cells Example 7: Target engagement in mice Conjugated PMP22 siRNAs were tested in wild-type C57BL/6J mice. In this experiment, control siRNAs were DT-000155 and DT-000337, both DTx-01-08-conjugated siRNAs targeting PTEN, each having a unique nucleotide sequence. Also tested was DT- 000428, a fully phosphorothioated LNA gapmer antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) targeting PMP22, where a 10-nucleotide DNA gap is flanked by 3-nucleotide LNA wings (5’- A L T L C L T D T D C D A D A D T D C D A D A D C D A L G L C L -3’; subscript L is an LNA nucleotide and subscript D is a beta-D-deoxyribonucleotide; nucleotides four to 19 of SEQ ID NO: 591). Groups of five mice each were treated with PBS or compound at a dose of 30 mg/kg according to the dosing schedule indicated in Table 35. On Day 12, mice were sacrificed, and RNA was collected from tissue for RNA extraction and quantitation of mouse PMP22 mRNA levels by quantitative RT-PCR. The average percent expression in the central sciatic nerve was calculated for each treatment and is shown in Table 35. Table 35: Mouse PMP22 mRNA expression in central sciatic nerve of wild-type mice C3-PMP22 mice express three to four copies of a wild-type human PMP22 gene and are used as an experimental model of CMT1A. Conjugated siRNAs targeted to human PMP22 were selected for their ability to reduce human PMP22 in C3-PMP22 mice. Experiments were performed as described herein. In this experiment, the control siRNA was DT-000337, a DTx-01-08-conjugated siRNA targeting PTEN. Also tested was DT-000428, a fully phosphorothioated LNA gapmer antisense oligonucleotide targeting PMP22, where a 10-nucleotide DNA gap is flanked by 3- nucleotide LNA wings (5’-ALTLCLTDTDCDADADTDCDADADCDALGLCL-3’; nucleotides 4 to 19 of SEQ ID NO: 438; subscript L is an LNA nucleotide and subscript D is a beta-D- deoxyribonucleotide). Groups of six mice each were treated with PBS, siRNA compound at a dose of 50 mg/kg, or DT-000428 at a dose of 100 mg/kg on Days 1, 7, and 14. On Day 21, mice were sacrificed, and RNA was collected from tissue for RNA extraction and quantitation of human PMP22 mRNA levels by quantitative RT-PCR. The average percent expression in the sciatic nerve and tibial nerve was calculated for each treatment and is shown in Table 36. Table 36: Human PMP22 mRNA expression in central sciatic nerve of C3-PMP22 mice The most active compound from the above study, DT-000623, was further tested. Groups of six C3-PMP22 mice each were treated with PBS or DT-000623 siRNA compound for a total of 1 dose, 2 doses, or 3 doses, at the dosing schedule indicated in Table 37. For comparison, wild-type mice were treated with PBS on the same dosing schedule. After 21 days, mice were sacrificed, and RNA was collected from tissue for RNA extraction and quantitation of human PMP22 mRNA levels by quantitative RT-PCR. mRNA levels for the mouse sciatic nerve markers MPZ, Pou3F1, Sc5d, and Id2 were also calculated. The average percent expression for each mRNA in the sciatic nerve and tibial nerve was calculated for each treatment and is shown in Table 37. In each table, wild-type PBS indicates data collected from wild-type mice treated with PBS. All other data were obtained in C3-PMP22 mice. Table 37: Human PMP22 and sciatic nerve marker mRNA expression in sciatic and tibial nerves of C3-PMP22 mice following 1, 2, or 3 doses of conjugated siRNA
DT-000623 and variants, DT-000811 and DT-000812, were tested in C3-PMP22 mice. Groups of five C3-PMP22 mice each were treated with PBS or a single dose of 10 mg/kg, 30 mg/kg, or 100 mg/kg of DT-000623, DT-000811 and DT-000812. On Day 7 following the single-dose administration, mice were sacrificed, and RNA was collected from tissue for RNA extraction and quantitation of human PMP22 mRNA levels by quantitative RT-PCR. The average percent expression for each gene in the sciatic nerve and tibial nerve was calculated for each treatment and is shown in Table 38. Table 38: Human PMP22 mRNA expression in sciatic and tibial nerves of C3-PMP22 mice seven days following 10 mg/kg, 30 mg/kg, or 100 mg/kg doses of conjugated siRNA DT-000812 and DT-000945, an additional variant of DT-000623, were tested in C3- PMP22 mice. Groups of six C3-PMP22 mice each were treated with PBS or a single dose of 30 mg/kg of DT-000812 and DT-000945. One group of each treatment was sacrificed 14 days following the single-dose injection, and second groups of each treatment were sacrificed 28 days following the single-dose injection. RNA was collected from tissue for RNA extraction. Human PMP22 mRNA expression was measured by quantitative RT-PCR for both endpoints. Mouse MPZ, Pou3F1, and Sc5d mRNA levels were measured by quantitative RT-PCR for the 28-day endpoint. The average percent expression for each gene in the sciatic nerve, brachial plexus nerve, and tibial nerve was calculated for each treatment and time period and is shown in Tables 39 and 40. Table 39: Human PMP22 mRNA expression in C3-PMP22 mice 14 and 28 days following a single dose of 30 mg/kg conjugated siRNA Table 40: Myelin-specific mRNA expression in C3-PMP22 mice 28 days following a single dose of 30 mg/kg conjugated siRNA
Example 8: In vivo screening of PMP22 siRNAs To determine whether variations in siRNA nucleotide sequence and/or modified nucleotide pattern would yield compounds with improved properties such as potency and duration of action, further compounds targeting PMP22 were designed and tested. The structure of each compound is shown in Table 4. Groups of four or five C3-PMP22 mice each were treated with PBS or a single dose of PBS or 30 mg/kg of conjugated siRNA compound. Seven days following injection, mice were sacrificed, and sciatic and brachial plexus nerves was collected for RNA extraction. Human PMP22 mRNA expression was measured by quantitative RT-PCR. The average percent expression for human PMP22 mRNA was calculated for each treatment and is shown in Table 41. Table 41: Human PMP22 mRNA 7 days following a single injection of 30 mg/kg of conjugated siRNA compound Groups of six C3-PMP22 mice each were treated with PBS or a single dose of PBS or 50 mg/kg of conjugated siRNA compound. Seven days following injection, mice were sacrificed, and sciatic and brachial plexus nerves was collected for RNA extraction. Human PMP22 mRNA expression was measured by quantitative RT-PCR. The average percent expression for human PMP22 mRNA was calculated for each treatment and is shown in Tables 42 through 49. For the compounds in Table 49, only the % human PMP22 remaining in the sciatic nerve is shown. Each table represents a different experiment. Table 42: Human PMP22 mRNA 7 days following a single injection of 50 mg/kg of conjugated siRNA compound Table 43: Human PMP22 mRNA 7 days following a single injection of 50 mg/kg of conjugated siRNA compound Table 44: Human PMP22 mRNA 7 days following a single injection of 50 mg/kg of conjugated siRNA compound Table 45: Human PMP22 mRNA 7 days following a single injection of 50 mg/kg of conjugated siRNA compound Table 46: Human PMP22 mRNA 7 days following a single injection of 50 mg/kg of conjugated siRNA compound Table 47: Human PMP22 mRNA 7 days following a single injection of 50 mg/kg of conjugated siRNA compound Table 48: Human PMP22 mRNA 7 days following a single injection of 50 mg/kg of conjugated siRNA compound Table 49: Human PMP22 mRNA 7 days following a single injection of 50 mg/kg of conjugated siRNA compound
Groups of six C3-PMP22 mice each were treated with a single dose of PBS, or 10 mg/kg or 30 mg/kg of conjugated siRNA compound (except for DT-000812 which was dosed only at 30 mg/kg). At Day 14 following injection, mice were sacrificed, and sciatic and brachial plexus nerve tissues were harvested for RNA extraction. Human PMP22 mRNA expression was measured by quantitative RT-PCR. The average percent expression for human PMP22 mRNA was calculated for each treatment and is shown in Tables 50 through 52. Each table represents a separate experiment. Table 50: Human PMP22 mRNA 14 days following a single injection of 10 mg/kg or 30 mg/kg of conjugated siRNA compound Table 51: Human PMP22 mRNA 14 days following a single injection of 10 mg/kg or 30 mg/kg of conjugated siRNA compound
Table 52: Human PMP22 mRNA 14 days following a single injection of 10 mg/kg or 30 mg/kg of conjugated siRNA compound Example 9: Evaluating efficacy of conjugated PMP22 siRNAs in a mouse model of CMT1A C3-PMP22 mice are used as an experimental model of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A (CMT1A). These transgenic mice express three to four copies of a wild-type human PMP22 gene, which leads to reduced numbers of myelinated fibers as early as three weeks of age. C3-PMP22 mice exhibit symptoms of neuromuscular impairment in the limbs similar to those observed in humans with CMT1A. Measurable functional endpoints in C3-PMP22 mice include, for example, motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV), compound muscle action potential (CMAP), grip strength and beam walking. The MNCV test is a non-invasive test that measures the velocity of a nerve signal. In 15 this test, two electrodes are placed along a nerve, and the signal transduced between those electrodes is captured via a recording electrode placed at the neuromuscular junction. Defects in the myelin sheath in subjects with CMT1A cause a reduction in MNCV and a decrease in the amplitude of the transduced signal. These same findings are observed in C3-PMP22 mice. CMAP is a quantitative measure of the amplitude of the electrical impulses that are transmitted to muscle. CMAP correlates with the number of muscle fibers that can be activated. In subjects with CMT1A, the CMAP of the nerve controlling contraction of the Anterior Tibialis muscle, a major muscle in the lower leg, correlates significantly with leg strength. These same findings are present in C3-PMP22 mice. In the beam walking test, the dexterity of mice is observed as they walk along a horizontally suspended beam. Wild-type mice easily traverse the entire length of the beam. CMT1A mice, however, proceed more slowly and their paws may slip off the beam. In the grip strength test, the mouse grasps a grid attached to a force transducer while an investigator gently pulls its tail. Grip strength is recorded as the force applied by the mouse in resisting the pulling motion. Relative to wild-type mice, grip strength of C3-PMP22 mice is reduced. DT-00081212-week efficacy study The efficacy of DT-000812 was evaluated in C3-PMP22 mice. Groups of six mice each were treated with PBS, weekly doses of 10 mg/kg DT-000812 (on Day 1 and weekly thereafter for a total of 11 doses), and monthly doses of 30 mg/kg DT-000812 (on Day 1, Day 28, and Day 56 for a total of 3 doses). Wild-type mice treated with PBS were used as a control (WT-PBS). Motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) and compound muscle action potential (CMAP) were determined just prior to treatment and at 4, 8, and 12 weeks to establish a baseline value for each endpoint. At 12 weeks, mice were sacrificed, and sciatic and brachial plexus nerves were harvested for RNA extraction. Human PMP22 mRNA expression in C3-PMP22 mice was measured by quantitative RT-PCR. Additionally, the expression of the top 500 dysregulated genes in wild-type mice relative to C3-PMP22 was evaluated by RNAseq. Peripheral nerves were dissected and prepared for morphometric analysis according to routine methods (for example, Jolivalt, et al., 2016, Curr. Protoc. Mouse Biol., 6:223-255). Cross sections of nerve were processed into resin blocks which were cut into 0.5- to 1.3-µm thick sections, stained with p-phenylenediamine, and viewed by light microscopy. Axon diameters and myelin thickness were measured using a software- assisted manual approach in ImageJ/FIJI. The average percent expression for human PMP22 mRNA was calculated for each treatment and is shown in Table 53 and FIG.1. The expression of several myelin-specific mouse mRNAs was also measured by quantitative RT-PCR. The average percent epxpression for each of these mRNAs was calculated and is shown in Table 58. The average MNCV per treatment group are shown in Table 54 and FIG.2. The average CMAP per treatment group are shown in Table 55 and FIG.3. Grip strength and beam walking ability were measured at 12 weeks and are shown in Table 56. The mean proportion of unmyelinated axons in each treatment group is shown in Table 57 and FIG.4. Representative sections of peripheral axon are shown in FIG.5. In each table, WT-PBS indicates wild-type mice treated with PBS; all other data were obtained in C3-PMP22 mice (PBS, 10 mg/kg DT-000812, and 30 mg/kg DT-000812). Table 53: Human PMP22 mRNA 12 weeks following weekly injections of 10 mg/kg or monthly injections of 30 mg/kg of conjugated siRNA compound Table 54: MNCV prior to and following weekly injections of 10 mg/kg or monthly injections of 30 mg/kg of conjugated siRNA compound Table 55: CMAP prior to and following weekly injections of 10 mg/kg or monthly injections of 30 mg/kg of conjugated siRNA compound Table 56: Quantiation of myelination of peripheral nerves 12 weeks following weekly injections of 10 mg/kg or monthly injections of 30 mg/kg of conjugated siRNA compound Table 57: Grip strength and beam walking ability prior to and following weekly injections of 10 mg/kg or monthly injections of 30 mg/kg of conjugated siRNA compound Table 58: Myelin-specific mRNA expression following weekly injections of 10 mg/kg or monthly injections of 30 mg/kg of conjugated siRNA compound
As illustrated by the above data, substantial improvements in multiple endpoints associated with CMT1A were observed. Treatment of C3-PMP22 mice with DT-000812 resulted in a reduction in human 5 PMP22 mRNA in both the sciatic and brachial plexus nerves (Table 53 and FIG.1). The MNCV tests revealed an improvement in the efficiency of motor nerve conduction (Table 54 and FIG.2). Additionally, histological analysis revealed that, whereas unmyelinated axons were common in sciatic nerve sections from C3-PMP22 mice, neither DT-000812 treatment group exhibited substantial numbers of large unmyelinated axons (Table 56, FIG.4, and FIG.5). Thus, the improvement in MNCV is likely due to an increase in the number of myelinated axons in C3-PMP22 mice. The combination of the functional recovery of MNCV and increase in myelinated neurons following treatment with DT-000812 is consistent with a reversal of demyelination, the primary physiological defect of CMT1A. In wild-type mice, CMAP consisted of a strong electrical polarization signal, followed by a depolarization signal. In C3-PMP22 mice, both signals were muted and difficult to distinguish from background electrical impulses. In contrast, treatment with DT-000812 restored the shape and amplitude of CMAPs in C3-PMP22 mice (FIG.3B). In the beam walking test, wild-type mice easily traversed the entire length of the beam. In contrast, PBS-treated C3-PMP22 mice proceeded much more slowly, and their hind paws repeatedly slipped off the beam and on average required twice the amount of time to travel the same distance as wild-type mice. After twelve weeks of treatment of C3-PMP22 mice with DT-000812, the speed at which the mice traversed the beam was close to that of wild-type mice. Additionally, the number of slips relative to PBS-treated C3-PMP22 mice was reduced. The grip strength of C3-PMP22 mice mice treated with PBS was markedly reduced relative to wild-type mice. Treatment with DT-000812 over a 12-week period incresed forelimb grip strength to a level equivalent of wild-type mice. Furthermore, DT-000812 treatment over this same period led to increases in the mass of several peripheral muscles (quadricep and gastrocnemius) relative to untreated C3-PMP22 mice. Measurement of nine genes essential for Schwann cell function illustrated that DT- 000812 restored gene expression of these genes in the sciatic and brachial plexus nerves to the levels observed in wild-type mice. Additionally, RNAseq analysis revealed that the large majority of genes dysregulated in C3-PMP22 mice were restored toward wild-type levels of mRNA expression following treatment with DT-000812 at both the 10 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg doses. Taken, these data demonstrate that inhibition of PMP22 with DT-000812 in C3- PMP22 mice, a model for CMT1A in human subjects, leads to substantial improvements in multiple phenotypes associated with CMT1A. DT-000812, DT-001246, DT-00124728-day efficacy study The efficacies DT-001246 and DT-001247 were evaluated, and compared to DT- 000812, in C3-PMP22 mice. Groups of eight mice each were treated with PBS and a single dose of 30 mg/kg of each compound on Day 0 of the study. Motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) and compound muscle action potential (CMAP) were determined just prior to treatment (Baseline; Day -1) and at Day 27. At Day 28, mice were sacrificed, and sciatic and brachial plexus nerve tissues were harvested for RNA extraction. Human PMP22 mRNA expression was measured by quantitative RT-PCR. The average percent expression for human PMP22 mRNA was calculated for each treatment and is shown in Table 59. MNCV and CMAP are shown in Table 60. The expression of several myelin-specific mouse mRNAs was also measured by quantitative RT- PCR. The average percent expression for each of these mRNAs was calculated and is shown in Table 61. Table 59: Human PMP22 mRNA 28 days following a single dose of 30 mg/kg conjugated PMP22 siRNAs Table 60: MNCV and CMAP at Baseline and 27 days following a single dose of 30 mg/kg conjugated PMP22 siRNAs Table 61: Mouse myelin-specifc mRNA expression 28 days following a single dose of 30 mg/kg conjugated PMP22 siRNAs DT-00812, DT-001246, DT-00124760-day efficacy study DT-000812, DT-001246, and DT-001247 were evaluated in a 60-day efficacy study in C3-PMP22 mice. Groups of eight mice each were treated with PBS and a single dose of 30 mg/kg of each compound on Day 0 of the study. Motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) and compound muscle action potential (CMAP) were determined just prior to treatment (Baseline; Day -1) and at Day 59. At Day 60, mice were sacrificed, and sciatic and brachial plexus nerve tissues were harvested for RNA extraction. Human PMP22 mRNA expression was measured by quantitative RT-PCR. The expression of several myelin-specific mouse mRNAs was also measured by quantitative RT-PCR. The average percent expression for human PMP22 mRNA was calculated for each treatment and is shown in Table 62. MNCV and CMAP are shown in Table 63. The average percent expression for the myelin-specifc mRNAs was calculated and is shown in Table 64. Table 62: Human PMP22 mRNA 60 days following a single dose of 30 mg/kg conjugated PMP22 siRNAs Table 63: MNCV and CMAP at Baseline and Days 28 and 59 following a single dose of 30 mg/kg conjugated PMP22 siRNAs Table 64: Myelin-specific mRNA expression 60 days following a single dose of 30 mg/kg conjugated PMP22 siRNAs DT-000812, DT-001250, DT-001251, DT-001252, DT-00125328-day efficacy study The efficacies of DT-001250, DT-001251, DT-001252, and DT-001253 were evaluated, and compared to DT-000812, in C3-PMP22 mice. Groups of eight mice each were treated with PBS and a single dose of 30 mg/kg of each compound on Day 0 of the study. Motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) and compound muscle action potential (CMAP) were determined just prior to treatment (Baseline; Day -1) and at Day 27. At Day 28, mice were sacrificed, and sciatic and brachial plexus nerve tissues were harvested for RNA extraction. Human PMP22 mRNA expression was measured by quantitative RT-PCR. The average percent expression for human PMP22 mRNA was calculated for each treatment and is shown in Table 65. MNCV and CMAP are shown in Table 66. The expression of several myelin-specific mouse mRNAs was also measured by quantitative RT- PCR. The average percent epxpression for each of these mRNAs was calculated and is shown in Table 67. Table 65: Human PMP22 mRNA 28 days following a single dose of 30 mg/kg conjugated PMP22 siRNAs Table 66: MNCV and CMAP at Baseline and 28 days following a single dose of 30 mg/kg conjugated PMP22 siRNAs Table 67: Myelin-specific mRNA expression 28 days following a single dose of 30 mg/kg conjugated PMP22 siRNAs
DT-00812, DT-001250, DT-001251, DT-001252, DT-00125360-day efficacy study DT-000812, DT-001250, DT-001251, DT-001252, and DT-001253 were evaluated in a 60-day efficacy study in C3-PMP22 mice. Groups of eight mice each were treated with PBS and a single dose of 30 mg/kg of each compound on Day 0 of the study. Motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) and compound muscle action potential (CMAP) were determined just prior to treatment (Baseline; Day -1), at Day 28 and at Day 59. At Day 60, mice were sacrificed, and sciatic and brachial plexus nerve tissues were harvested for RNA extraction. Human PMP22 mRNA expression was measured by quantitative RT-PCR. The expression of several myelin-specific mouse mRNAs was also measured by quantitative RT- PCR. The average percent expression for human PMP22 mRNA was calculated for each treatment and is shown in Table 68. MNCV and CMAP are shown in Table 69. The average percent expression for the myelin-specifc mRNAs was calculated and is shown in Table 70. Table 68: Human PMP22 mRNA 60 days following a single dose of 30 mg/kg conjugated PMP22 siRNAs Table 69: MNCV and CMAP at Baseline and Days 28 and 59 following a single dose of 30 mg/kg conjugated PMP22 siRNAs Table 70: Myelin-specific mRNA expression 60 days following a single dose of 30 mg/kg conjugated PMP22 siRNAs DT-000812, DT-001254, DT-001255, DT-00125728-day efficacy study The efficacies of DT-001254, DT-001255, and DT-001257 were evaluated in C3- PMP22 mice. DT-000812 was included in the study. Groups of eight mice each were treated with PBS and a single dose of 30 mg/kg of each compound on Day 0 of the study. Wild-type mice treated with PBS were used as a control (WT-PBS). Motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) and compound muscle action potential (CMAP) were determined just prior to treatment (Baseline; Day -1) and at Day 27. At Day 28, mice were sacrificed, and sciatic and brachial plexus nerve tissues were harvested for RNA extraction. Human PMP22 mRNA expression was measured by quantitative RT-PCR. The expression of several myelin-specific mouse mRNAs was also measured by quantitative RT-PCR. The average percent expression for human PMP22 mRNA was calculated for each treatment and is shown in Table 71. MNCV and CMAP are shown in Table 72. The average percent epxpression for myelin-specific mouse mRNAs was calculated and is shown in Table 73. In each table, WT-PBS indicates wild-type mice treated with PBS; all other data were obtained in C3-PMP22 mice. Table 71: Human PMP22 mRNA 28 days following a single dose of 30 mg/kg conjugated PMP22 siRNAs Table 72: MNCV and CMAP at Baseline and 27 days following a single dose of 30 mg/kg conjugated PMP22 siRNAs
Table 73: Myelin-specific mRNA expression 28 days following a single dose of 30 mg/kg conjugated PMP22 siRNAs
DT-000812, DT-001254, DT-001255, DT-00125760-Day Efficacy Study DT-000812, DT-001254, DT-001255, and DT-001257 were evaluated in a 60-day efficacy study in C3-PMP22 mice. Groups of eight mice each were treated with PBS and a single dose of 30 mg/kg of each compound on Day 0 of the study. Wild-type mice treated with PBS were used as a control (WT-PBS). Motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) and compound muscle action potential (CMAP) were determined just prior to treatment (Baseline; Day -1), at Day 28 and at Day 59. At Day 60, mice were sacrificed, and sciatic and brachial plexus nerve tissues were harvested for RNA extraction. Human PMP22 mRNA expression was measured by quantitative RT-PCR. The expression of several myelin-specific mouse mRNAs was also measured by quantitative RT-PCR. The average percent expression for human PMP22 mRNA was calculated for each treatment and is shown in Table 74. MNCV and CMAP are shown in Table 75. The average 15 percent expression for the myelin-specific mRNAs was calculated and is shown in Table 76. In each table, WT-PBS indicates wild-type mice treated with PBS; all other data were obtained in C3-PMP22 mice. Table 74: Human PMP22 mRNA 60 days following a single dose of 30 mg/kg conjugated PMP22 siRNAs Table 75: MNCV and CMAP at Baseline and Days 28 and 59 following a single dose of 30 mg/kg conjugated PMP22 siRNAs Table 76: Myelin-specific mRNA expression 60 days following a single dose of 30 mg/kg conjugated PMP22 siRNAs
DT-000812, DT-00126328-day efficacy study The efficacy of DT-001263 was evaluated and compared to DT-000812, in C3- PMP22 mice. Groups of eight mice each were treated with PBS and a single dose of 30 mg/kg of each compound on Day 0 of the study. Wild-type mice treated with PBS were used as a control (WT-PBS). Motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) and compound muscle action potential (CMAP) were determined just prior to treatment (Baseline; Day -1) and at Day 27. At Day 28, mice were sacrificed, and sciatic and brachial plexus nerve tissues were harvested for RNA extraction. Human PMP22 mRNA expression was measured by quantitative RT-PCR. The average percent expression for human PMP22 mRNA was calculated for each treatment and is shown in Table 77. MNCV and CMAP are shown in Table 78. The expression of mouse MPZ mRNA was also measured by quantitative RT-PCR. The average percent epxpression for each of these mRNAs was calculated and is shown in Table 79. In each table, WT-PBS indicates wild-type mice treated with PBS; all other data were obtained in C3-PMP22 mice. Table 77: Human PMP22 mRNA 28 days following a single dose of 30 mg/kg conjugated PMP22 siRNAs Table 78: MNCV and CMAP at Baseline and 27 days following a single dose of 30 mg/kg conjugated PMP22 siRNAs Table 79: Myelin-specific mRNA expression 28 days following a single dose of 30 mg/kg conjugated PMP22 siRNAs 12-week Efficacy Studies: DT-001252, DT-001253, and DT-001257 DT-001252, DT-001253, and DT-001257 were each evaluated in separate 12-week efficacy studies in C3-PMP22 mice. Each study also included treatment with DT-000812 at 30 mg/kg. Groups of eight mice each were treated with PBS, or monthly doses of 3 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, or 30 mg/kg siRNA compound on Day 0, Day 28, and Day 56, for a total of 3 doses. Wild-type mice treated with PBS were used as a control (WT-PBS). Motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV), compound muscle action potential (CMAP), grip strength and beam walking ability were determined just prior to treatment to establish a baseline value and at 4, 8, and 12 weeks of treatment. At 12 weeks, mice were sacrificed, and sciatic and brachial plexus nerves were harvested for RNA extraction. Human PMP22 mRNA expression in C3- PMP22 mice was measured by quantitative RT-PCR. The expression of several myelin- specific mouse mRNAs was also measured by quantitative RT-PCR. Peripheral nerves were dissected and prepared for morphometric analysis according to routine methods (for example, Jolivalt, et al., 2016, Curr. Protoc. Mouse Biol., 6:223-255). Cross sections of nerve were processed into resin blocks which were cut into 0.5- to 1.3-µm thick sections, stained with p- phenylenediamine, and viewed by light microscopy. Axon diameters and myelin thickness were measured using a software-assisted manual approach in ImageJ/FIJI. The average percent expression for human PMP22 mRNA was calculated for each treatment and is shown in Table 80. The average percent expression for myelin-specific mRNAs was calculated and is shown in Table 85. The average MNCV per treatment group at each time point is shown in Table 81. In the experiment testing DT-001252, errors in measurement of the traces resulted in variable MNCV data at the baseline, 4-week and 8-week timepoints, thus these data are not presented. The average CMAP per treatment group at each time point is shown in Table 82. Grip strength and beam walking ability were measured at 4, 8, and 12 weeks and are shown in Table 82. The mean percentage of unmyelinated axons in each treatment group is shown in Table 83. In each table, WT-PBS indicates wild-type mice treated with PBS; all other data were obtained in C3-PMP22 mice. Table 80: Human PMP22 mRNA 12 weeks following treatment Table 81: MNCV during and following treatment Table 82: CMAP during and following treatment Table 83: Grip strength during and following treatment Table 84: Slips while crossing beam during and following treatment Table 85: Time to cross beam during and following treatment with DT-001252 Table 86: Myelin-specific mRNA expression following weekly injections of 10 mg/kg or monthly injections of 30 mg/kg of conjugated siRNA compound
As illustrated by the above data, substantial improvements in multiple endpoints associated with CMT1A were observed. Treatment of C3-PMP22 mice with each conjugated PMP22 siRNA tested resulted in a reduction in human PMP22 mRNA expression compared to PBS-treated C3-PMP22 mice in both the sciatic and brachial plexus nerves (Table 80). The MNCV tests revealed an improvement in the efficiency of motor nerve conduction at 12 weeks (Table 81). Additionally, each conjugated PMP22 siRNA tested improved compound muscle action potential at each time point (Table 82). The improvement in CMAP following treatment with DT-001252 is further illustrated in FIG.6. In wild-type mice, CMAP consisted of a strong electrical polarization signal, followed by a depolarization signal. The amplitude, or the differential voltage between the baseline (zero) and the peak of the electrical polarization signal, is readily apparent. In C3-PMP22 mice, the polarization and depolarization signals were muted and difficult to distinguish from background electrical impulses. In contrast, treatment with DT-001252 restored the amplitude of CMAPs in C3- PMP22 mice. The grip strength of C3-PMP22 mice mice treated with PBS was markedly reduced relative to wild-type mice. Treatment with the conjugated PMP22 siRNAs increased grip strength (Table 83). Furthermore, increases in the masses of several peripheral muscles (quadricep, tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius) were increased relative to untreated C3- PMP22 mice. In the beam walking test, wild-type mice easily traversed the entire length of the beam. In contrast, PBS-treated C3-PMP22 mice proceeded much more slowly, and their hind paws repeatedly slipped off the beam and on average required additional time to travel the same distance as wild-type mice. After treatment with the conjugated PMP22 siRNAs, the speed at which C3-PMP22 mice traversed the beam was closer to that of wild-type mice (Table 85). Additionally, the number of slips relative to PBS-treated C3-PMP22 mice was reduced (Table 84). Measurement of myelin-specific genes essential for Schwann cell function illustrated that treatment with the conjugated PMP22 siRNAs restored gene expression of these genes in the sciatic and brachial plexus nerves to the levels observed in wild-type mice (Table 83). Taken, these data demonstrate that inhibition of PMP22 with conjugated PMP22 siRNAs, in an experimental model for CMT1A, leads to substantial improvements in multiple phenotypes associated with CMT1A. The efficacy of DT-001252 was further evaluated by measuring myelination of the femoral motor nerve. Peripheral nerves were dissected and prepared for morphometric analysis according to routine methods (for example, Jolivalt, et al., 2016, Curr. Protoc. Mouse Biol., 6:223-255). Cross sections of nerve were processed into resin blocks which were cut into 0.5- to 1.3-µm thick sections, stained with p-phenylenediamine, and viewed by light microscopy. Axon diameters and myelin thickness were measured using a software- assisted manual approach in ImageJ/FIJI. Histological analysis revealed that, whereas unmyelinated axons were common in femoral motor nerve sections from C3-PMP22 mice, each DT-001252 treatment group exhibited substantially lower numbers of large unmyelinated axons (Table 87, FIG.7). Thus, the improvement in MNCV shown in Table 78 is likely due to an increase in the number of myelinated axons in C3-PMP22 mice. The increase in myelinated neurons following treatment with DT-001252 is consistent with the improvements in muscle function observed in grip strength and beam walking tests. Table 87: Quantiation of myelination of peripheral nerves at 12 weeks The effect of treatment with DT-001252 on serum Neurofilament light (NfL) was also evaluated. NfL is a marker of neuronal damage and is elevated in subjects with CMT1A. Serum NfL at 12 weeks was measured using a NFL-light Advantage assay kit (Quanterix). The mean NfL for each treatment group is shown in Table 88 (n = 7 for PBS-treated C3- PMP22 mice due to exclusion of one outlier individual data point; n = 8 for all other groups). As shown in Table 88, treatment with each dose of DT-001252 normalized serum NfL. Table 88: Quantitation of serum NfL Additional Compounds: 14-day efficacy study Additional compounds were designed to evaluate the effects of chemical modifications on the potency of certain conjugated PMP22 siRNAs related to unconjugated compounds identified as “hits” and shown in Table 19. These derivatives comprise the identical nucleotide sequences as their respective parent compounds but have variations in nucleotide modifications. DT-001842 and DT-001843 are derivatives of DT-000901; DT- 001844 and DT-001845 are derivatives of DT-000847; DT-001846 and DT-001847 are derivatives of DT-000849; DT-001848 and DT-001849 are derivatives of DT-000855; DT- 001858, DT-001859, and DT-001860 are derivatives of DT-000414. Groups of five C3- PMP22 mice each were treated with a single dose of PBS, or 10 mg/kg or 30 mg/kg of conjugated siRNA compound. DT-001252 was included in each study as a benchmark compound. At Day 14 following injection, mice were sacrificed, and sciatic and brachial plexus nerve tissues were harvested for RNA extraction. Human PMP22 mRNA and mouse MPZ mRNA were measured by quantitative RT-PCR. The average percent expression for each mRNA was calculated for each treatment and is shown in Tables 89 through 94. As illustrated in the tables below, derivatives of DT-001252 exhibited potency comparable to that of DT-001252. Table 89: Human PMP22 mRNA 14 days following a single injection of 10 mg/kg or 30 mg/kg of conjugated siRNA compound Table 90: Mouse MPZ mRNA 14 days following a single injection of 10 mg/kg or 30 mg/kg of conjugated siRNA compound Table 91: Human PMP22 mRNA 14 days following a single injection of 10 mg/kg or 30 mg/kg of conjugated siRNA compound Table 92: Mouse MPZ mRNA 14 days following a single injection of 10 mg/kg or 30 mg/kg of conjugated siRNA compound Table 93: Human PMP22 mRNA 14 days following a single injection of 10 mg/kg or 30 mg/kg of conjugated siRNA compound
Table 94: Mouse MPZ mRNA 14 days following a single injection of 10 mg/kg or 30 mg/kg of conjugated siRNA compound Comparison of activity of structurally related conjugated PMP22 siRNAs As illustrated herein, certain conjugated PMP22 siRNAs exhibited potent reduction of hPMP22 in the C3-PMP22 mouse model. One such group of related siRNAs is listed in Table 95. Each of these siRNAs has the sense strand of SEQ ID NO: 1015 or SEQ ID NO: 1018 (which differ by a single nucleobase), the antisense strand of SEQ ID NO: 1144 and the DTx- 01-08 motif conjugated to the 3’ end of the sense strand through a C7 linker as described herein. As each antisense strand of each siRNA has the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1144, each siRNA targets nucleotides 213 to 233 of the human PMP22 mRNA. Variations were introduced in the number, nature, and placement of chemical modifications, as shown in Table 95. Each % hPMP22 shown in Table 95 is from an experiment described herein and is5 reproduced below for comparison. While each of the conjugated PMP22 siRNAs in Table 95 exhibits potent reduction of the hPMP22 mRNA, certain analogs including but not limited to DT-001252 and DT-001253 are notable for their duration of action. Table 95: Potency of structurally related conjugated PMP22 siRNAs