TECHNICAL FIELD

Embodiments of the invention relate to the field of ^{wireless communication; and more} _{specifically, to methods,} apparatus and systems for implementing concatenated Polar code with adoptive error detection. BACKGROUND

P _{olar codes,} ^proposed _{by E. Arikan in "Channel Polarization:} ^{A Method for Constructing} Capacity-Achieving Codes for Symmetric ^{Binary-Input Memoryless Channels," IEEE} _{Transactions on Information} Theory, vol. 55, pp. 305I-3073, Jul. 2009, are the first ^class of constructive coding _schemes that _are ^provable to _achieve the symmetric ^{capacity of the binary-} input discrete memoryless channels under a low-complexity successive ^{cancellation (SC)} _{decoder. However, the} f,rnite-length performance of Polar codes under SC is not competitive compared _{to other} modern channel coding schemes such as low-density ^{parity-check (LDPC)} _{codes and} Turbo _codes. Later, an _SC list ^(SCL) decoder was ^proposed by I. Tal ^{and A. Vardy in} _"List Decoding of Polar codes," in Proceedings of ^IEEE Symp. Inf. ^{Theory, pp. 1-5, 2011,} _{which can approach the} performance _of an optimal maximum-likelihood (ML) decoder. By concatenating a ^simple Cyclic ^{Redundancy Check (CRC) coding,} it ^{was shown that the} performance of concatenated Polar code is competitive with that of well-optimized ^{LDPC and} Turbo _codes. As a result, Polar _codes have been adopted as ^{a channel coding technique for} _{downlink control information} ^{(DCI) and} _uplink ^{control information (UCI) of 3GPP New Radio (NR),} _{where NR is} ^a _{5G wireless} ^{communication system.}

T _{he main} idea of Polar coding is to transform a pair of identical binary-input ^channels _{into two distinct} channels _of different qualities, one better and one worse than the original binary-input channel. By repeating such a ^pair-wise Polarizing operation ^on a ^set of _independent uses _of a _binary-input channel, a set of ^2o' "bit-channels" of varying ^qualities can ^be _obtained. Some of these bit channels are nearly perfect ^(i.e. error free) while the ^rest of ^{them are} nearly useless (i.e. totally noisy). The ^point is to use the nearly ^perfect channel ^{to transmit data} _{to the receiver while setting the input to} ^{the useless channels to have fixed or frozen values (e.g.} _{0) known to the receiver. For this} ^{reason, those input bits to the nearly useless and the nearly} perfect channel are commonly referred to as frozen bits and non-frozen (or information) bits, respectively. Only the non-frozen bits are ^used to carry ^data in ^a Polar code. An illustration of

the _{structure of} a length-8 Polar code is illustrated in FIGURE 1.

Although the original Polar code, as proposed by Arikan, was proven to be capacity

achieving _{with a} low-complexity successive cancellation ^(SC) decoder, the finite-length

p ^erformance of Polar codes under SC is not competitive compared to other modern ^channel

coding _{schemes such LDPC} and Turbo codes. _A more complex decoder, namely the SC list

(SCL) decoder, is proposed by _I. Tal and A. Vardy, where a list of more than one surviving

decision paths is maintained in the decoding process, but the resulting performance is still

unsatisfactory. L Tal and A. Vardy further ^proposed that by concatenating ^a linear outer ^code,

n ^amely _{a CRC code, with the original} ^{Polar code} _as ^{inner code, the outer code can be used to}

c ^heck _if ^{any of the candidate paths} _in ^{the list is correctly decoded. Such a two-step decoding}

I

process significantly improves the performance and makes Polar codes competitive with that of

well-optimized LDPC and Turbo codes.

V/hen designing ^concatenated Polar codes for error correction control of ^downlink

c _ontrol information (DCÐ and _{uplink control} information (UCÐ of NR, one type is CRC- assisted Polar coding (CA-Polar), where the CRC bits are attached as a ^precoder of Polar codes

for two ^purposes: error detection and error cofrection. According to ^previous approaches, ^the

number of CRC bits used for error detection and error correction, ^{respectively, are fixed.}

However, fixed number of CRC bits imply fixed error detection and error correction capabilities.

This does not fit the needs of the various traffic types in NR. For example, DCI associated with

Ultra-Reliable and Low Latency Communications ^(URLLC) data is expected to require ^higher

reliability than the DCI associated with the eMBB data. Hence there is a need to explore

methods where adaptive error detection and error coffection capability can be supported in NR.

Another type _of concatenated Polar codes is PC-Polar, where a sequence of parity

checksum (PC) bits are generated before Polar encoding. Similar to CA-Polar, the sequence of

PC bits are hxed for a given (K, M), and all the PC bits are used for error correction. Here K is

the number of information bits, and M the number of coded bits to send over the air. For ^PC- Polar, it is also desirable to have adaptive error detection and error coffection capability. SUMMARY

To ^address the foregoing ^problems with existing solutions, disclosed is ^{systems and} methods for adaptively selecting a total number _of CRC or PC bits and/or allocating a different amount of the available CRC bits between error detection and error coÍrection for Polar codes.

According to certain embodiments, a method by a transmitter is ^provided for adaptively ^{generating precoder} bits for a Polar code. The method ^includes acquiring at ^{least one} configuration parameter upon _which a _total number _of precoder _bits depends,. The at least one configuration parameter comprising at least one of an information block length K, a code block _{length ll, and/or a code rate R} ^: _{K / 1/. The total number of} ^precoder _{bits is determined, and the} ^precoder bits for a code block are ^generated according to the determined total number of ^precoder _bits. ^{The precoder} _bits ^{are placed} _within ^{the code} _block.

According to certain embodiments, a method by a transmitter is provided for adaptively ^generating precoder bits for a Polar code. The method includes allocating a different amount of available ^precoder bits between error detection and error correction for the Polar code. The ^precoder bits ^{are generated} for a ^code block according to the allocation ^{and a} total ^number of CRC bits. The precoder bits are placed within the code block.

According to certain embodiments, a method by a receiver is provided for adaptively _using ^precoder _{bits to assist decoding of} ^{a Polar code.} _{The method} ^includes _{allocating a} ^different _{amount of available} ^precoder _{bits between} ^{error detection and error correction} for ^{Polar codes.} The precoder bits allocated for error correction are used to assist decoding of a code block. After decoding the code block, the precoder bits allocated for error detection are used to perform error detection on the decoded bits.

A _{ccording to certain embodiments, a} ^transmitter _is ^provided _for ^{adaptively generating} precoder _bits for _a Polar code. The transmitter includes at least one processor configured to acquire _at least _one configuration ^parameter upon which a total number _of ^{precoder bits} depends,. The at least one configuration ^parameter comprising at least one of an information block _{length K, a code block length N, andlor a code rate R} : _{K / N. The total number of precoder bits is determined, and the} ^precoder bits for _a ^code _{block are} ^generated _according to _the ^determined _{total number of} ^precoder _bits. ^{The precoder} _bits ^{are placed within the code} _block.

According _to certain embodiments, a transmitter is provided _for adaptively generating precoder bits for a Polar code. The transmitter includes at least one processor configured to allocate _a different amount of available ^precoder bits between error detection and error _correction for the Polar code. The precoder bits are ^generated for a ^code block ^{according to the} _{allocation and a total number of CRC bits. The} ^precoder _bits ^{are placed within the code block.}

A _{ccording to certain embodiments,} a receiver is provided for adaptively using ^precoder _{bits to} assist _{decoding of} a Polar code. The receiver includes at least one ^processor conltgured ^to _{allocate a different} ^amount _of ^{available precoder} bits ^between error ^{detection and error} _{correction for Polar codes. The} ^precoder _{bits allocated for} ^{error correction are used to assist} _{decoding of a code block. After decoding the} ^code _block, ^{the precoder bits allocated for error} _{detection are used to} perform ^{error detection on the decoded bits.}

A _{ccording to another} embodiment, a method includes adaptively selecting the ^total number _of CRC _or PC bits, allocating a different amount of ^{the available CRC bits between} _{error detection and error conection for Polar} ^{codes, and placing the CRC bits within a code} block.

A _{ccording to} certain particular embodiments, the precoder bits can be CRC bits.

A _{ccording to} an alternative particular embodiments, the ^precoder bits ^{are parity-} checksum (PC) bits.

C _{ertain embodiments of the} present disclosure may provide one or more technical advantages. _{For example,} according to various embodiments, an advantage of features ^{herein is} _to allow the concatenation of CRC code to be customized for different ^{amounts of payloads,} _{different coding parameters needed for the varying} ^{communication channel conditions, and} _{different types of applications with} different requirements in terms of, for example, ^{latency and} _{reliability. Since} 5G wireless communications need to cover a wide range of circumstances ^and _{applications,} embodiments of this disclosure allow the system to ^{judiciously allocate radio} resources based on cost-benefit tradeoffs.

V _{arious other features} ^{and advantages} _will become obvious to ^one of ordinary skill in the _{art in light of the following} detailed description and drawings. Certain embodiments may ^have none, _some, or _{all of} the recited advantages. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The accompanying drawing figures incorporated in ^{and forming} a ^part of ^this _{specification illustrate several} ^aspects of the ^{disclosure, and} together with the description ^serve _{to explain the} principles of ^{the disclosure.}

F _{IGURE i} ^{illustrates an example} of ^{a Polar code structure} with N:8; _{FIGURE 2 illustrates an example cellular} ^{communications network, according to certain} embodiments;

F _{IGURE 3 illustrates} an example radio access node, according ^{to certain embodiments;} FIGURE ₄ illustrates an example virtualized radio ^{access node, according to certain} embodiments;

F _{IGURE 5 illustrates another} ^example radio ^access node, ^according to ^certain embodiments;

F _IGURE 6 illustrates an example user equipment, according ^{to certain embodiments;} F _{IGURE 7} illustrates an example virtualized user ^{equipment, according to certain} embodiments;

F _{IGURE 8 illustrates} an example encoder structure of concatenated Polar ^code without _{interleaving, according} ^{to certain embodiments;}

F _{IGURE 9} illustrates an example encoder structure with ^{interleaved CRC bits,} according to certain embodiments;

FIGURE 10 illustrates an ^{example parity-check Polar code, according to certain} embodiments;

FIGURE 11 illustrates an example method for adaptively ^{selecting a total number of} _{CRC or PC bits, according to certain} ^{embodiments, according to certain embodiments;}

F _IGURE 12 _illustrates a virtual computing device, according to certain embodiments; F _IGURE 13 illustrates an example method by a transmitter for ^{adaptively generating} precoder bits for a Polar code, according to certain embodiments;

FIGURE 14 illustrates another virtual ^{computing device, according to certain} embodiments;

F _{IGURE 15 illustrates} ^{another example method} by a ^transmitter for ^adaptively generating precoder bits _for a Polar code, according to certain embodiments;

F _{IGURE 16} ^{illustrates another virtual computing device, according} to ^certain embodiments;

F _{IGURE 17 illustrates} an _example method by a receiver for adaptively using ^precoder _{bits to assist in decoding of} ^{a Polar code, according to certain embodiments; and}

F _{IGURE l8 illustrates} ^{another virtual computing device, according} to ^certain embodiments. DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

I _{n the following description, numerous} ^{specific details are set forth. However,} it ^is

u _{nderstood that embodiments} of the invention may be practiced without these specific ^{details. In}

other instances, well-known circuits, structures and techniques have ^{not been shown in detail in}

o _{rder not to obscure the understanding of this description.} ^Those _of ^{ordinary skill in the art, with}

t _{he included descriptions, will be able to} ^{implement appropriate functionality without undue}

experimentation.

R _{eferences in} the speciflrcation to "one embodiment," "an embodiment," ^{"an example}

e _mbodiment," etc., indicate that the embodiment described may include ^{a particular feature,}

s _{tructure, or characteristic, but every embodiment} ^may _not ^{necessarily include the particular}

f _{eature, structure, or characteristic. Moreovet,} ^{such phrases are not necessarily referring to the}

s _{ame embodiment. Further,} when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic ^{is described in}

a connection _with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within ^the knowledge ^{of one skilled in}

the _{art to} implement such feature, structure, or ^{characteristic} in ^{connection with other}

embodiments whether or not explicitly ^described.

I _{n the following} description and claims, the terms "coupled" ^and "connected," ^along

w _{ith their} derivatives _, may be used. It should be understood that ^{these terms are not intended as}

s _{ynonyms for each other. "Coupled"} ^is _used ^{to indicate that two or more elements, which may or}

m _{ay not be in direct} ^physical _{or electrical} ^contact _with ^{each other, co-operate or interact with}

e _{ach other.} "Connected" is used to indicate the establishment of communication ^{between two or}

m _ore elements that are coupled with each other.

T _{he embodiments set forth below} ^represent information to ^{enable those} skilled in ^{the art}

t _{o practice the embodiments and illustrate} ^{the best mode of practicing the embodiments. Upon}

r _{eading the following description} in light of the accompanying drawing figures, ^those skilled ⁱⁿ

t _{he art will understand} the concepts of the disclosure and will recognize ^applications of ^these

concepts _not particularly addressed herein. It should be ^{understood that these concepts and}

a _{pplications fall} within ^{the scope} of ^{the disclosure.}

R _{adio Node: As used herein,} ^a "radio ^node" is ^{either a radio access node} or ^{a wireless}

device.

R _adio Access _Node: As used herein, a "radio access node" is any node ^{in a radio access}

network of a cellular ^{communications network that operates to wirelessly transmit and/or}

r _{eceive signals. Some examples of a radio} ^access _node ^{include, but are not limited to, a base}

s _tation (e.g., _{an enhanced or} evolved Node B (eNB) in a Third Generation Partnership ^Project (3GPP) _{Long Term Evolution} (LTE) network), a high-power or macro base station, a low-power _{base station} (e.g., a _micro base station, a pico base station, a home eNB, or ^the like), ^{and a relay} node.

C _{ore Network Node: As used herein, a} ^{"core network node" is any type of node in a} _{core network. Some examples of} a ^core network ^node include, ^e.g., a Mobility ^Management _Entity (MME), a Packet Data Network (PDN) Gateway ^(P-GW), a Service Capability ^Exposure Function (SCEF), or the like.

V _{/ireless Device: As used herein, a} ^"wireless _{device" is} ^{any type of device that has} _{access to} (i.e., _{is served by) a cellular} communications network by wirelessly transmitting andlor _{receiving signals to} ^a _radio ^access node(s). ^{Some examples} of ^{a wireless device include,} but ^are _{not limited to, a User} ^{Equipment device (UE) in a 3GPP network and a Machine Type} Communication (MTC) device.

N _{etwork Node: As used herein,} ^a _"network ^{node" is any node that is either part of the} _{radio access network or the} core network of a cellular communications network/system.

N _{ote that the} description given herein focuses on a 3GPP cellular ^{communications} _{system and, as such, 3GPP} LTE _{terminology or} terminology ^{similar to 3GPP LTE terminology} _{is oftentimes used. However, the} ^{concepts disclosed herein are not limited} to LTE ^{or a 3GPP} system.

F _IGURE 2 illustrates one example of a cellular communications network ^{10 according to} _{some embodiments of the} ^present _{disclosure. In} ^{the embodiments described herein, the cellular} _{communications network 10 is an LTE} ^{network in which some or all of the radio access nodes} _{operate on a carrier(s) in an} ^{unlicensed spectrum.} In ^{a particular embodiment,} for ^example, _{cellular communications} network 10 may operate on the 5 ^{gigahertz (GHz)} spectrum. ^However, _the present disclosure is not limited thereto. Accordingly, in another ^{example, the cellular} _{communications network 10 may implement LAA, LTE-U,} ^{MulteFire, or some other technology} _{in which radio access nodes operate} ^{on an unlicensed carriers(s).}

A _{s depicted, the cellular} communications network 10 includes base stations l2-1 and ^12- _{2, which in LTE} are _refered to as eNBs, controlling coresponding macro cells 14-1 ^{and l4-2.} _{The base stations} 12-1 and 12-2 are generally referred to herein collectively ^{as base stations 12} _and individually as base station 12. Likewise, the macro cells ^{14-1 and 14-2 are generally} _{referred to herein collectively as macro cells} ^{14 and individually as macro cell 14. The cellular} _{communications network l0 also} ^{includes a number of low power nodes l6-1 through 16-4} _controlling corresponding small cells 18-1 through 18-4. In LTE, the low ^{power nodes l6-1} _{through 16-4 can be small base stations} ^{(such as pico or femto base stations) or Remote Radio} Heads (RRHs), _{or the like.} Notably, while not illustrated, ^one or more of ^{the small cells 18-l} _{through 18-4 may alternatively be} ^provided _by ^the _base ^{stations 12. The low power nodes 16-1} _{through 16-4 are} generally _{referred to} herein collectively as low power nodes 16 ^and _{individually as low} power node _16. Likewise, the small cells 18-1 through l8-4 ^{are generally} _{referred to herein} collectively as small cells 18 and individually as small cell ^{18. The base} _{stations 12 (and optionally the low} ^power _nodes ¹⁶⁾ _are ^{connected to a core network 20.}

T _{he base stations 12 and the low} ^{power nodes 16 provide service to wireless devices 22-} _{1 through 22-5 inthe corresponding} ^{cells 14 and} 18. ^{The wireless devices} 22-I ^{through22-5 arc} generally _{referred to} herein collectively as wireless devices 22 and individually ^{as wireless} device _{22. In LTE,} the wireless devices 22 are referred to ^{as UEs.}

A _{ccording to certain embodiments,} ^{the macro} _cells ^{14 may be provided in a licensed} _{frequency spectrum} ^(i.e., _{in the frequency} ^{spectrum dedicated for the cellular communications} _{network l0) such as,} for example, for LAA operation. In other embodiments, ^{the macro cells 14} _{may be} provided _in an unlicensed frequency spectrum such ^as, for ^{example, for LAA in the} _{unlicensed spectrum (LAA-U) or MulteFire} ^{operation. According to certain embodiments, one} _{or more (and possibly all) of the small} ^{cells l8 may be provided in an unlicensed frequency} _{spectrum such} as, for example, the 5 GHz frequency spectrum.

I _{n a} particular embodiment, base stations 12, 14 ^{that operate} on ^{a carrier(s) in an} _{unlicensed spectrum may operate to} ^perform _LBT ^{and transmitMultimedia. Broadcast Multicast.} _Services (MBMS) _{data according} to any of the embodiments described herein.

F _{IGURE 3 is a} schematic block diagram of radio access ^node 24, according ^{to certain} _embodiments. The radio access node 24 may be, for example, a ^{base station 12,} 76. ^As _{illustrated, the radio access node 24 includes a control} ^{system 26 that includes one or more} _{processors 28} ^(e.g., _{Central Processing Units} ^{(CPUs), Application Specific Integrated Circuits} _{(ASICs), Field Programmable Gate} ^{Anays (FPGAs), andlor the like), memory 30, and a} _{network interface 32. In addition,} the radio access node 24 includes one or more ^{radio units 34} _{that each includes} one or more transmitters 36 and one or more ^{receivers 38 coupled to one or} _{more antennas 40.} In some embodiments, the radio unit(s) 34 ^{is extemal to the control system} _{26 and connected to the control system 26} ^via, _for ^{example, a wired connection such as, for} _{example, an optical cable. However, in} ^{some other embodiments, the radio unit(s) 34 and} _{potentially the} antenna(s) a0 may be integrated together with the control system 26. ^{The one or} _{more processors 28 may operate to} ^provide _{one or} ^{more functions} _of ^{a radio access node 24 as} _{described herein.} In some embodiments, the function(s) may be implemented ^{in software that is} _{stored such as, for example, in the memory 30} ^{and executed by the one or more processors 28.}

F _{IGURE 4 is a schematic block} ^{diagram that illustrates a} virtualized ^embodiment of ^the _{radio access node 24,} according to certain embodiments. However, the description ^{thereof may} _{be equally} applicable _to other types of network nodes. Further, any of ^{the types} of ^network nodes may have sirnilar virtualized architectures.

A _{s used herein, a "virtualized" radio} ^{access node is an implementation of the radio} _{access node 24 in which at} least a portion _of the functionality of the radio ^access node ^{24 is} _implemented as a virtual component(s). For example, the functionality of ^{the radio access node} may _be implemented via a virtual machine(s) executing on a ^{physical processing node(s) in a} _{network(s), in a particular embodiment.} ^{In the illustrated example embodiment, the radio access} _{node 24 includes the control} system 26 that includes the one or more ^processors 28 ^(e.g., CPUs, _{ASICs, FPGAs,} and/or the _like), the memory 30, and the network interface 32 ^and the ^{one or} more radio units 34 that each includes the one or more transmitters ^{36 and the one or more} _{receivers 38 coupled to the one or more} ^{antennas 40, as described above. The control system 26} _{is connected to the radio unit(s)} 34 via, for example, an optical cable or the like. The ^control _{system 26 is} connected to one or more ^processing nodes 42 coupled to or included ^{as part of a} network(s) 44 via the network interface 32. Each ^{processing node 42 includes one or more} _{processors 46} ^(e.g., _{CPUs, ASICs, FPGAs,} ^{andlor the like), memory 48, and a network interface} 50.

A _{ccording to} certain embodiments, functions 52 of the radio ^access node ^{24 described} _{herein may be implemented at the one or more} ^{processing nodes 42 or distributed across the} control _system 26 _and the _one or _more ^{processing nodes 42} in ^{any desired manner. In some} _{particular embodiments, some or all of} ^{the functions 52 of the radio access node 24 described} _{herein are implemented as virtual} ^{components executed by one or more virtual machines} _{implemented in a virtual} ^{environment(s) hosted by the processing node(s)} 42. ^{As may be} _{appreciated by} one _of ordinary skill in the art, additional signaling or ^{communication between} _{the processing.node(s) 42 and the control system 26} ^may _be ^{used in order to carry out at least} some of the desired functions 52. Notably, in ^{some embodiments, the control system 26 may} _{not be included, in which} case _the radio unit(s) 34 communicate directly with the ^processing _{node(s) 42via an appropriate} ^{network interface(s).}

A _{ccording to} certain embodiments, a computer ^program including ^{instructions which,} _{when executecl by at least one} ^{processor, causes} _{the at} ^{least one processor to carry out the} _{functionality of radio access node 24 or} ^{a node (e.g., a processing node 42) implementing one or} _{more of the functions} 52 of the radio access node 24 ina virtual ^{environment according to any} _{of the embodiments} described herein is provided. In some ^{embodiments, a camier comprising} _{the aforementioned computer program} product is provided. The carrier is one of ^{an electronic} _{signal, an optical signal, a radio signal, or} a computer readable storage ^{medium (e.g., a non-} _{transitory computer readable} ^{medium such as memory).}

F _{IGURE 5} is a schematic block diagram illustrating ^{another example radio access node} _{24, according to certain other embodiments.} ^{The radio access node 24 includes one or more} _{modules 54, each of which is implemented in} ^{software. The module(s) 54 provide the} _{functionality of the radio} access node 24 described herein. This discussion ^{is equally applicable} _{to the} processing _{node 42 of} FIGURE ₇ ^(described below) where ^{the modules 54 may be} _{implemented at one of the processing nodes 42 or} ^{distributed across multiple processing nodes} _{42 andlor distributed across the} ^{processing node(s) 42 and the control system 26.}

F _{IGURE 6 is a schematic} block diagram of a UE 56, according ^{to certain embodiments.} _{As illustrated, the UE 56} includes one or more ^processors 58 ^{(e.g., CPUs, ASICs, FPGAs,} _{andlor the like),} memory 60, and one or ^{more transceivers 62 each including one or more} _{transmitters 64 and one or more receivers} 66 coupled to one or more antennas 68. In ^some _{embodiments, the functionality of} ^{the UE 56 described above may be fully or partially} _{implemented in software that is, e.g., stored} in ^the _{memory 60} ^{and executed by the processor(s)} 58.

I _{n some embodiments, a} computer program including instructions which, when ^executed _{by at least one} processor, causes the at least one ^processor to ^{carry out the functionality of the} UE 56 _according to any of ^{the embodiments described herein is provided. In some} _embodiments, a _carier comprising the aforementioned ^{computer program product is provided.} _{The carrier is one of an electronic signal,} ^an _optical ^{signal, a radio signal, or a computer readable} _{storage medium} (e.g., _{a non-transitory} computer readable medium such ^{as memory).}

F _{IGURE 7} is a _schematic block ^{diagram of the UE 56 according to some other} _{embodiments of the} present _disclosure. The UE 56 includes ^one or ^{more modules 70, each of} _{which is implemented in} software. The module(s) 70 ^{provide the functionality of the UE 56} _described ^herein.

V _{arious network nodes can} perform the functionality described below. For ^{example, an} _{access node} (e.g., _{an eNB) could} perform the various interleaving steps ^{provided herein. One of} _{ordinary skill in the} art _would realize that a receiver ^{(e.g., a UE) would be able to perform the} _{corresponding decoding, according} to _{one example.} Of ^{course, it would be readily understood} by one _{of ordinary} skill in the art ^{that various combinations of radio nodes could be} _{implemented to} perform the functionality described herein.

I _{t should be noted that while the discussion} ^{herein uses the downlink control information} _{(DCI) and uplink control information} ^{(UCI) as an example, the methods disclosed below can be} _{used for any type of information} ^{packet transmission that require both the function} of ^error _{detection and} the function _of error correction. Hence, for example, the ^{same methods can be} _{applied to physical uplink channel data} ^{packets, physical} _downlink ^{data channel packets, higher} layer control packets, etc.

N _{ote that while two types of} ^{precoders, CRC and PC, are used as example} in ^discussion _{below, the same} principle can be applied to other types of ^precoders, e.g., ^other types ^{of linear} block codes.

A _ccording to _{certain embodiments,} when designing ^{concatenated Polar codes for} _{error correction control of DCI and UCI of NR, CRC bits are} ^{attached as a precoder of} Polar codes for two ^purposes:

. _{A sequence of} L _d ,e CRC bits, where ^Lo,o is the minimum number ^of

CRC bits necessary to ensure minimum ^level of ^{error detection} c _{apability. Using 3GPP} ^{LTE as a referencê, L} _d ^,0 ₌ ^{16 for DCl, Lo,o} = _{8 for UCI of} ^{larger information block size K.}

. An additional L",o CRC bits attached. The additional ^{L",o CRC bits}

c _{an be used for error detection} and/or error correction ^purposes.

H _{ence a total of Ltot"r =} (Lo,o ⁺ Lc,o) CRC bits are attached in the ^precoder of ^Polar _{codes. ln a} particular _embodiment, the ^L1o1¿¡ CRC bits are ^generated using one ^CRC generator polynomial _of length Ltot"r. ln another embodiment, the ^{Lo,o CRC bits are} _{generated using a first CRC} ^{generator polynomial} _{of length} ^{L6,s, while the Lc,o CRC} _{bits are generated using a second CRC} ^{generator polynomial of length L.,s.}

A _{ccording to certain embodiments,} ^{adaptive allocation of CRC bits between} _{error correction and error detection is} ^{provided. The set of Ltotal CRC bits may be} _{used in an adaptive} manner _to achieve the best combination of error ^detection performance and error correction ^performance. The adaptation may ^{be performed} _{such that} at least two of the following three options ^{of allocating the CRC bits for} _different purposes _{are supported, according} to a ^particular embodiment: o _{OPTION A:} Lower error ^{detection capability, higher elror correction} c _{apability. In this option,} Lo,r CRC bits are used for error detection, ^{L",r CRC} b _its are used to assist with SCL decoding ^(i.e., error ^correction). a OPTION B: ^{Medium error detection capability, medium error correction} c _{apability. In this option,} Lo,z CRC bits are used for error detection, ^{L.,z CRC} b _{its are used to} assist _with SCL decoding ^(i.e., error correction). . _{OPTION C: Higher} effor detection capability, lower ^{error correction} c _apability. In this option, L _d ,¡ CRC bits ^{are used for error detection, L.,¡ CRC} b _{its are used to assist with SCL} ^{decoding (i.e., error correction).}

I _{n the above scenarios, Ltotor} : _(Lo,r ⁺ _L",r) ^: _(Lo,z ⁺ _L.,z): ^{(Lo,s +} _{L.3), with:} ^L _d ^{,0 <= Lo,t} 'L _d ,2 ^< _{L¿,e, L",o} )= _Lc,r ^> _Lc,z ^> _{Lç,3. It may be taken into account that larger} ^{number of CRC bits used for SCL} _{decoding generally requires a more} complex decoder implementation, which ^{is then able to achieve} _{better BLER performance of} the same information block size K and codeword ^{size M. Note that in each} _{of the scenarios} mentioned above, a predetermined subset of Lr, ^{CRC bits is used for error correction, for any} í: ^{!.,2,3, but the bits chosen for error correction need not be consecutive or contiguous and can} _{be, for example, spaced evenly} across the available CRC bits, in a ^particular embodiment. ^{While three} _{different ways to balance the} error detection and error correction capabilities ^{are described in} _{Options A-C, it} may be understood that more ways to ^{balance are possible using the same or} _similar ^principles.

A _{ccording to certain} particular embodiments, the adaption can be ^{performed as a function of} various confi guration ^parameters, including: a _{According to various} particular embodiments, the adaptation may be ^performed a _{ccording to different} target levels of reliability of the service. ^{For example, for} h _{igh reliability} ^{applications (e.g. URLLC), Option} A ^{may be used, in a} p _{articular embodiment. On the other hand, for low} ^{reliability applications (e.g.,} m _MTC), Option C may be used, in ^{a particular embodiment.} o _{According to various} particular embodiments, the adaptation may be ^performed according _to the latency target of the associated data ^{packet. The target latency} c _{an also be reflected by the maximum} ^{number retransmissions possible for the} associated data packet. For example, for ^{data packets with a low-latency} r _{equirement, Option} A may be used, in a particular embodiment. ^Examples of l _ow-latency scenarios include: video packet, voice ^packet, and ^{instantaneous} c _{hannel feedback. More CRC bits are used for} ^{error correction, since detecting} a _{n error may not help the applications} ^{as retransmission is not worth the delay.} O _{n the other hand, for} data packets that can tolerate high latency, Option ^{C may} b _{e used, in} ^a particular ^embodiment. a _{According to various} particular _embodiments, the ^adaptation may ^{be performed} a _{ccording to different receiver categories} ^{(or receiver types). Typically, the} r _{eceiver is} the _UE on the downlink. For example, for lower-cost UEs, ^lower- c _omplexity SCL decoder implementation is desired, hence ^{Option C may be} u _{sed, in a particular embodiment.} ^{For higher-cost UEs, higher-complexity SCL} d _{ecoder implementation can} be afforded, hence Option A may be used in ^a particular embodiment. For a medium-cost UE, Option B may be used in ^an exemplary compromise. According to certain embodiments, the total ^number of ^{CRC bits (L,o,où may be} _{adaptively chosen according} to different configuration ^parameters. Examples ^include: a According to various particular embodiments, the choice ^{of the total number of} C _{RC bits may be selected according to different} ^{target levels of reliability of the} s _{ervice. For example, for high reliability} ^{applications (e.g. URLLC), a larger} t _{otal number of CRC bits} may ^{be used.} On the ^{other hand,} for low reliability a _pplications (e.g., mMTC), a smaller number of total CRC bits is used. a According to various particular embodiments, the choice of ^{the total number of} C _{RC bits is chosen according to the information} ^{block length K, the code block} length _{{ and/or} the ^{code rate} _-R ^{: K} / ^{N. For a f,ixed code length N, more CRC} b _{its may be used for} small number _of information bits K, or equivalentlY, ^for l _ower rate R, and vice versa. _{Note that the adaptation of total} number _of CRC bits Lþ¡q¡ càî be ^{done along with its} _{corresponding allocation between error correction} ^{purpose (L} c,¡ ^{bits) and error detection purpose} (Z _d ¡bits) as described above.

A _{ccording to certain} ^{embodiments, the placement} of ^{CRC bits may be adaptively} _{chosen. FIGURE 8} ^illustrates an ^{encoder structure} of ^{concatenated Polar code without} interleaving, according to certain embodiments. As shown, ^{the CRC bits are attached as a} _contiguous block and not interleaved with the information ^{bits. Typically, the sequence} _{of CRC bits} are attached to the end of information ^{bit sequence, as shown in FIGURE} 8.

W _{hen the sequence} of L _total CRC bits are attached as a contiguous ^{block to the} _{end of info bit sequence,} the CRC bits must be used as a ^block to ^{perform CRC} _{check. The} CRC _bits cannot be used individually to ^{perform CRC check. Thus, the} _{CRC bits are treated the same as the} information bits in the SCL decoding ^process _{until the very end of the trellis. At the} ^end of ^{the trellis,} the ^{CRC bits are used to} perform _{CRC check} and select the best codeword candidate ^{as decoder output.}

Even _though the CRC bits are attached at the ^{end of the block, some of the} _{CRC bits may still be integrated into} a list decoder for the Polar inner code to ^{limit the} _{decoding to within a subspace that} is consistent with those CRC bits ^{integrated into} _{the list decoding} process. This would improve the error ^{correction capability of the} _{resulting integrated list decoding} ^process. _However, ^{since the CRC bits are clustered} _{together in the end, the} performance benefit is limited. lf further ^{performance benefit} _{is desired, one may consider} using an ^"lnterleaved CRC bits" construction ^as described below.

FIGURE I ^illustrates an ^{encoder structure using interleaved CRC bits,} _{according to certain embodiments.} ^{Specifically, the sequence of Lrorar CRC bits may} _be ^interleaved _with ^information bits before ^{Polar encoding.} ln a ^particular _{embodiment, the CRC bits} may be coupled with such an interleaver that the ^{CRC bits} _{can be used individually} to ^perform a CRC check. One example ^{of the encoder structure} _using interleaved CRC bits is illustrated ^{in FIGURE 9.}

A _{ccording to cerlain embodiments,} ^{and as depicted, an interleaver may be added} _{between the CRC outer code and} the Polar inner code. Thus, the CRC bits are ^{interleaved with} _{the information bits, before being} sent to the input of inner Polar ^{encoder. The interleaver is} _{built to facilitate} list decoding of the inner Polar ^{code, where the Polar SCL decoder can take} _{into account the dependency} structure of the parity bits and ^{the data bits from the outer code. In} _{some applications, only some} ^(L c,¡ ⁾ _{CRC bits} ^{are used to account for the dependency structure of} _{the parity bits to improve effor conection} capability of the code, while the other ^{(Za) CRC bits} _{are treated like other information} bits where the decoder would hypothesize ^{their values during} _{the decoding} process. _In this alternative embodiment, some of ^{the distributed CRC bits are not} _{treated the same as information bits. The emor-correcting} ^{CRC bits are used in the process of} _{tree expansion to select the better decoding} ^{paths in such a way that each surviving decoding} _{path selected must be consistent with} the dependency structure of ^{the parity} bits. ^{The CRC} _{check does not have to wait till} ^{the end of trellis expansion.}

A _{ccording to certain embodiments, instead of CRC} ^{bits, parity checksum (PC) bits can} _{be generated in the precoder instead. It is} ^{generally recognizedthat any} of ^{the above methods} _{and techniques described above} as being applicable to CRC bits are equally ^{applicable to PC} bits.

F _{IGURE l0} illustrates a PC-Polar code, according to ^{certain embodiments. Each of the} _{PC bits, which may also be referred to} ^as _PC-frozen ^{bits, is derived as the parity checksum of a} _{selected subset of information bits.} The PC bits are similar to the ^{interleaved CRC bits, where} _{each of the PC bits} can be used individually to select the better decoding ^paths.

S _{imilar to the} adaptive allocation of CRC bits ^{between effor correction and error} _{detection, the PC bits can be used for both} ^{functions, according to certain embodiments. The} _{exact split of PC bits between} these two functions can be done adaptively, ^{as discussed below.} _{Specifically, according to certain embodiments, the set of} ^{L¡s¡6¡PC bits can be used in an} _{adaptive manner to achieve the} best combination of error detection ^{performance and} _{error correction} performance. The adaptation is ^{performed such that at least two of} _{the following three} options _of allocating the PC bits for ^{different purposes are} _supported, according to an embodiment: o _{OPTION A: Lower} error detection capability, higher ^{error correction} c _apability. In this option, La,tPC bits ^{are used for error detection, L",1PC bits} a _{re used to assist with SCL decoding} ^{(i.e., error correction).} o ^OPTION B: ^{Medium error detection capability, medium error correction} c _{apability. In this option,} La,z PC bits are used for error detection, ^{L,,2 PC bits} a _{re used to assist with SCL decoding} ^{(i.e., error correction).} o _{OPTION C:} Higher _effol detection capability, ^{lower efror correction} c _{apability. In this} option, _La,s ^PC _bits ^{are used for error detection, L6 PC bits} a _{re used to assist with SCL} ^{decoding (i.e., error correction).} lntheabovescenarios,Lbbt=(La,t+L",ù=(L¿,2+L",2)=(La,srL",s ),with:0<:L¿,t<La,z ^{1 Ld,s,} Lnrcot): ^{L",t ) Lc,2) L",s.}

S _{imilar to the CRC bits, the total} ^{number of PC bits, L¡6¡} _d ^{¡, can be fixed for a size} _{combinatioî (K,M, or vary with} the size combination. Here K is the ^number of ^{information bits,} _{and M the number of coded} ^{bits to send over the air.}

I _n contrast _to CRC bits, there is no non-zero minimum ^{number of PC bits that have to be} _{allocated to error detection pu{pose; that is, all} ^{PC bits can be used for error correction pu{pose.}

A _{ccording to certain embodiments,} ^{once an option from Option A-C is selected, the} Polar decoder is run accordingly. T _{he L",¡, i:1,2,3, PC bits are} ^used _{in the} ^middle _of ^{SCL decoding to select the} b _{est decoding} ^path _during ^{path expansion.} o The L _d ,¡, _i:\,2,3, PC bits are not used in the middle of SCL ^{decoding. Instead, the} L _{¿,¡,PC bits are treated as information bits} ^{during path expansion. Hard decisions} f _{or the L¿,¡,PC bits are} made. Then the La,¡,PC bits are used as checksum at ^the e _{nd of SCL decoding} to detect if the SCL output is ^a valid codeword ^{or not.} _{Similar to CRC-assisted Polar,} the adaption can be ^performed as a ^{function of various} _{configuration} parameters _such as data service type, latency ^{requirement, block error} _{rate target,} and UE category. Additionally, both the ^{value L¡s¡l¡, ãrtd the split of Ltoøt} between Lc,¡ and L _d ,¡, cãt1be adapted.

F _{IGURE 11 is} ^a _flow ^{diagram illustrating an example method} for ^{adaptively selecting a} _{total number of CRC or} PC bits, according to certain embodiments. ^{As shown in FIGURE 11,} _{at step} 1100, a network node adaptively selects ^the total ^{number of, for example, CRC bits. At} _{step 1110, a different amount of the available} ^{CRC bits can be allocated between error detection} and error correction for Polar codes. At step ^{7720, the CRC bits can be placed within a code} _{block. As described above,} the precoder bits can be CRC bits or ^{parity-checksum (PC) bits,} _{according to} ^{various embodiments.} _{In certain embodiments, the} ^method _for ^{adaptively selecting a total number of CRC or} _{PC bits as described} above may be performed by a computer ^{networking virtual apparatus.} _{FIGURE 12} illustrates an example virtual computing ^{device 1200 for adaptively selecting a} _{total number of CRC or PC bits, according} ^{to certain embodiments. In certain embodiments,} _{virtual computing device 1200} may include modules for ^{performing steps similar to those} _{described above with} regard _to the method illustrated ^{and described in FIGURE 11. For} _{example, virtual computing device 1200 may} ^{include a selecting module I2I0, an allocating} _{module 1220, a placing module 1230,} and any other suitable modules for adaptively ^selecting _{a total number of CRC or PC bits. In} some embodiments, one or ^more of ^{the modules may be} _{implemented using} one _or more processor(s) 28 of FIGURE 3 ^{or one or more processor(s) 58} _{of FIGURE 6. In} certain embodiments, the functions of two ^{or more of the various modules} may be _combined into a single module.

T _{he selecting modul e l2l0} ^{may perform the selecting functions} of ^{virtual computing} _{device 1200. For example,} in a particular embodiment, selecting ^module l2l0 ^{may adaptively} _{select the total} ^{number of CRC or PC bits.}

T _{he allocating module 1220 may} perform the allocation functions of virtual ^computing _{device 1200. For example, in} a particular embodiment, allocating module ^{1220 may allocate a} _{different amount of the} available CRC bits, for example, ^{between error detection and error} correction for Polar ^codes.

T _{he placing module 1230 may} perform the placing functions of virtual ^computing _{device 1200. For example, in a} particular embodiment, ^placing module ^{1230 may place the} CRC bits, for example, within ^{a code block.}

O _{ther embodiments of} virtual computing device ^{1200 may include additional} _{components beyond those shown in FIGURE} ^{12 that may be responsible for providing certain} _{aspects of the functionality, including} ^any _of ^{the functionality described above and/or any} _{additional functionality} ^{(including any functionality necessary to support the solutions} _{described above). The various} different types of devices and radio ^{nodes may include} _{components having the} same physical hardware but configured ^{(e.g., via programming) to} _{support different radio} access technologies, or may ^{represent partly or entirely different} physical components.

F _IGURE 13 illustrates an ^{example method 1300 by a transmitter for adaptively} _{generating precoder bits for} a Polar code, according to certain ^{embodiments. According to} _{certain embodiments,} the transmitter may be a ^{wireless device such as wireless device 56,} _{described above. According to certain} ^{other embodiments, the transmitter may be a network} _{node such} as _radio access node 24 or another network node. In various embodiments, ^the precoder bits may include CRC bits or PC bits.

T _{he method begins at step l3} ¹⁰ _when ^{the transmitter acquires at least one configuration} parameter _{upon which a total} number _of precoder bits depends. The at least one configuration parameter _{may include} at least one of an information block length ^{K, a code block length N, andlor a coderate} R:K/N.

A _{t step I320,the transmitter determines} ^{the total number of precoder bits. In a particular} _{embodiment, for example, the transmitter} ^{may allocate a} first ^number of ^{the available precoder} _bits (L _d ) _{to error detection} and a second number of the available ^precoder bits ^(L.) to ^error _correction. According to a particular embodiment, the first number of the ^{available precoder} _bits ^(L _d ⁾ _{may be a minimum number of} ^precoder _bits ^(L _d ^{,s) associated with a minimum level of} _{error detection for a number of info bits} ^{and the second number} of ^{the available precoder bits} (Lr) _{may be determined} by subtracting the first number of available ^precoder bits ^(L _d ⁾ from ^a _total number _of available precoder bits ^(L,o,u¡). In another ^particular embodiment, ^{the first} _{number of the available} ^precoder _bits ^(L _d ⁾ _{allocated to} ^{error detection may be greater than a} _{minimum number of} precoder _bits (L _d ,0) associated with a minimum level of error detection ^to provide _increased error detection capability.

In _still another particular embodiment, the transmitter may ^{determine the total number of precoder bits bv} tt""î;å;;

irrr, ^{number of the available precoder bits (L6,1) to} error detection and a second number of ^the available ^{precoder bits} ( _L.,1) to error _correction for lower error ^{detection capability and} higher error correction ^capability;

a _{llocating a} third number of the available precoder bits ^(L _d ^{,2) to} error detection and a fourth number of the available ^{precoder bits} (L.,2) to error correction for medium error ^detection capability ^and medium error correction ^capability;

a _{llocating a fifth number of} ^{the available precoder} bits ^(L _d ^{p) to} e _{rror detection} and a sixth number of the available ^precoder bits (L.,3) to error correction for higher error detection capability ^and lower error correction capability, and _{In any of the above} scenarios, for a minimum number of ^{precoder bits (L} _d ^{,6) associated with a} _{minimum level of error detection to} ^{provide increased error detection capability, the following} may be true:

A _{t step 1330, the transmitter} generates the precoder bits for a code block ^{according to the} determined total number of ^precoder bits. ^{According to various particular embodiments, the} _{precoder bits may be} generated based on at least one of latency ^{requirements, reliability} _{requirements, wireless} channel conditions as indicated by ^{a target code rate, and available radio} _{resources as indicated by a code length. Where} ^{the precoder} bits ^{are CRC bits,} for ^{example, the} _{CRC bits} may be ^generated using a ^{single CRC generated polynomial, in a particular} _{embodiment. In another} particular embodiment, the CRC bits may be ^{generated using two or} _{more CRC} generated polynomials.

A _{t step 1340, the transmitter} ^{places the precoder bits within the code block. In a} _{particular embodiment the transmitter} may ^place the precoder bits in the ^{code block as a} _{contiguous block. In} another embodiment, the transmitter ^{may use an interleaver to place the} precoder _bits at interleaved positions within the ^{code block.}

I _{n certain embodiments, the method} for adaptively generating ^precoder bits ^{for a Polar} _{code as described above may be} performed by a virtual computing device. ^{FIGURE 14} _{illustrates an example virtual} computing device 1400 for adaptively ^{generating precoder bits} _{for a Polar code,} according to certain embodiments. In ^{certain embodiments, viftual} _{computing device 1400 may include modules} ^{for performing steps similar to those described} _{above with regard to the method} 1300 illustrated and described in FIGURE 13. ^{For example,} _{virtual computing device 1400 may} include at least one acquiring module ^{1410, a determining} _{module 1420, a} generating module 1430, a placing module ^{1440, and any other suitable} _{modules for adaptively} generating precoder bits for a Polar ^{code. In some embodiments, one} _{or more of the modules may be implemented using} ^{one or more processors 28 of FIGURE 3 or} _{one or more processors 58 of FIGURE 6. In} ^{certain embodiments, the functions of two or} _{more of the various modules may} ^{be combined into a single module.}

T _{he acquiring module} 1410 may perform the acquiring ^{functions of virtual computing} _{device 1400. For example,} in a particular embodiment, acquiring ^{module 1410 may aquire at} _{least one configuration parameter upon} ^{which a total number of precoder bits depends.} _The determining _module 1420 may perform the determining functions of virtual computing device 1400. For example, in a ^particular embodiment, determining module ¹⁴²⁰ may determine the total number of ^precoder bits.

T _he ^generating _module ¹⁴³⁰ _may ^perform _the ^{generating functions} _of ^virtual computing device 1400. For example, _in a particular embodiment, ^generating module 1430 may generate the precoder bits for a code block according to the determined total number of ^precoder _bits.

T _he placing _{module 1440} may perform the placinging functions _of virtual computing _device 1400. _For example, in a particular embodiment, placing module 1440 may place the precoder bits within the code block.

Other embodiments _of virtual computing device 1400 may include additional _{components beyond those shown} in FIGURE ^{14 that} may ^{be responsible} for providing certain aspects _{of the transmitter's} functionality, including any of the functionality described above andlor any additional functionality (including any functionality necessary to support the solutions described above). The various different types of transmitters may include _{components having the same} ^{physical hardware} _but ^{configured (e.g.,} _via ^{programming) to} _{support different radio} ^{access technologies,} or may ^represent partly or ^{entirely different} physical components.

FIGURE 15 illustrates another example method 1500 by a transmitter for adaptively generating precoder _{bits for a Polar} code, according to certain embodiments. According to certain embodiments, the transmitter may be a wireless device such as wireless device 56, described above. According to certain other embodiments, the transmitter may be a network node such as radio access node 24 or another network node. In various embodiments, ^{the precoder} _{bits may include CRC bits or} ^{PC bits.}

The method begins at step l5l0 ^{when the transmitter allocates a different amount of} _available precoder _bits between enor'detection and error correction for the Polar code. According _to various particular embodiments, the precoder bits may be allocated based on at least one of latency requirements, reliability requirements, wireless channel conditions ^as indicated by a target code rate, and available radio resources ^as indicated by ^a code ^length.

I _{n a} ^particular _embodiment, ^the _transmitter ^may _allocate ^{a first number of the available} precoder _bits (L _d ) to error detection and a second number of the available precoder bits (L.) to error correction.24. For example, the first number of the available precoder bits ^(L _d ⁾ may be a minimum number of ^precoder bits ^(L _d ^.6) associated with a minimum ^level of ^error detection for a _number of info bits and the second number of the available ^precoder bits ^{(L.) is determined by} _{subtracting the first number of available} ^precoder _bits ^(L _d ^{) from a total number of available} _{precoder bits} ^(L,o,u¡), _{in a} particular embodiment. In another embodiment, the first number of _{the available} precoder _bits (L _d ) allocated to error detection may be ^greater than a minimum number _of precoder bits (L _d ,6) associated with a minimum level of error detection ^{to provide} increased error detection capability.

I _{n still another} particular _embodiment, the transmitter may determine the total number of ^{precoder bits bv} t*tîîffll

îr^, ^{number of the availabre precoder bits (L} _d ^{,r) to} eror detection and a ^second number of the available ^{precoder bits} (L.,1) _{to error correction} for lower enor detection capability and higher error correction capability;

allocating a third number of the available ^precoder bits ^{(L6,2) to} e _{mor detection and a} fourth number of the available precoder bits (L.,2) _to error conection for medium error detection capability and medium error coffection capability;

a _{llocating a fifth} ^number _{of the} ^{available precoder bits (L} _d ^{,3) to} e _{rror detection} and a sixth number of the available precoder bits (L.,3) to error correction for higher error detection capability ^and lower error correction capability, and

I _{n any of the above scenarios, for} ^a _minimum ^number _of ^{precoder bits (L6,6) associated with a} _{minimum level of error detection} ^{to provide increased error detection capability, the} following _{may be} ^true:

A _{t step 1520,the transmitter} ^{generates the precoder bits} for ^{a code} block ^according to ^the _{allocation and a total number of} ^CRC _bits. ^{In a particular embodiment, for exmaple, the CRC} _{bits may} be ^generated _using a _single ^{CRC generated polynomial. In another particular} _{embodiment, the CRC bits may be} ^generated _{using two or more CRC} ^{generated polynomials.}

A _t step 1530, the transmitter ^places the ^precoder bits within ^{the code block. In a} _{particular embodiment the transmitter may} place the precoder bits in the code block as a _{contiguous block. In} another embodiment, the transmitter may use ^{an interleaver to place the} precoder bits at interleaved positions within the ^code block.

I _{n certain embodiments, the} method for adaptively ^{generating precoder} bits for ^{a Polar} _{code as described above} may be performed by a virtual computing device. FIGURE ¹⁶ _{illustrates an} example virtual computing device 1600 for adaptively ^{generating precoder bits} _{for a Polar} code, according to certain embodiments. In ^{certain embodiments, virtual} _{computing device 1600 may include modules} ^{for performing steps similar to those described} _{above with regard to the method} 1500 illustrated and described in FIGURE 15. ^{For example,} _{virtual computing device} 1600 may include at least one allocating module ^{1610, a generating} _module 1620, _a placing module 1630, and any other suitable ^{modules for adaptively} _{generating precoder bits for a Polar code. In} ^{some embodiments, one or more of the modules} _{may be implemented using one or} more processors 28 of FIGURE 3 or one or ^{more processors} _{58 of FIGURE 6. In certain} embodiments, the functions of two or more of the various ^modules _{may be} combined into a single module.

T _{he allocating module 1610 may} ^{perform the allocating functions of} virtual ^computing _{device 1600. For example, in} a particular embodiment, allocating module ¹⁶¹⁰ may allocate ^a _{different amount of available} precoder bits between error detection and ^{error correction for the} Polar code.

The generating module 1620 may ^perform the ^{generating functions of virtual} _{computing device 1600. For example, in} a particular embodiment, ^{generating module 1620} _may generate _the precoder bits for a code block according to the allocation ^{and a total number of} CRC bits.

T _{he placing module 1630 may} perform ^the placinging functions of virtual ^computing _{device 1600. For example, in a} particular embodiment, placing module 1630 may ^{place the} precoder bits within the code block.

O _{ther embodiments of virtual} ^{computing device 1600 may include additional} _{components beyond} those shown in FIGURE 16 that may be ^{responsible for providing certain} aspects _of the transmitter's functionality, including any of ^{the functionality described above} _{andlor any additional functionality} ^(including _any ^{functionality necessary to support the} _{solutions described above). The various} different types _of transmitters may ^include _{components having the} same physical hardware but configured ^(e.g., via ^{programming) to} _{support different radio} access technologies, or may represent ^partly or ^{entirely different} physical components. _{FIGURE 17 illustrates an} example method 1700 by a receiver for ^{adaptively using} precoder _{bits to} assist decoding of a Polar code, according to ^{certain embodiments. According} _{to certain embodiments, the receiver may be} ^{a wireless device such as wireless device 56,} _{described above. According to certain} other embodiments, the receiver may be ^{a network} _{node such as radio access} node 24 or another network node. In ^{various embodiments, the} precoder _bits may include CRC bits or PC bits.

T _{he method begins at step 1710 when the} ^{receiver allocates a different amount of} _{available precoder bits between effor} detection and error comection for a Polar code. ^According _{to various particular embodiments,} the precoder bits may be allocated based ^{on at least one of} _{latency requirements, reliability} requirements, wireless channel ^{conditions as indicated by a} _{target code} rate, and available radio resoulces as indicated ^{by a code length.}

I _{n a particular embodiment, the} ^{receiver may allocate a first number of the available} _{precoder bits} (L6) _{to error detection} and a second number of the available ^{precoder bits (L.) to} erïor corection. 24. ^{For example, the first number of the available precoder bits (L} _d ^{) may be a} _{minimum number} of _precoder bits ^(L _d ^,s) _associated with ^{a minimum level of error detection for} _{a number of info bits and the second} ^number _of ^{the available precoder bits (L.) may be} _{determined by subtracting} the _first number of available ^precoder bits ^(L _d ⁾ from ^{a total number of} available ^precoder bits ^{(L.o.ur), in} a ^{particular embodiment. In another embodiment, the first} _{number of the available precoder bits} ^(Ld) _{allocated to} ^{error detection may be greater than a} _{minimum number of} precoder _bits (L _d ,e) associated with a minimum level of ^error detection ^to _{provide increased error} ^{detection capability.}

A _{ccording to} ceftain other embodiments, when allocating ^{the precoder bits, the receiver} may perform one _of the following steps:

o _allocating a _first number of the available precoder bits ^(L _d ^{,1) to error detection} a _{nd a second number} of the available precoder bits ^{(L.,1) to error correction} f _or lower error detection capability _and higher ^{error correction capability;} o _allocating a third number of the available ^{precoder bits (L} _d ^{,2) to error} d _{etection and a fourth} number _of the available precoder bits ^(L.,2) to ^error c _{orrection for medium} error detection capability and medium error ^correction capability; or

o _allocating a fifth number of the ^{available precoder bits (L6,3) to error detection} a _{nd a sixth number of the available} ^{precoder bits (L.,3) to ertor correction for} h _{igher error detection} capability ^and lower error correction capability; _{In the above scenarios, the minimum} number of precoder bits ^(L _d ^{,0) may be associated with a} _{minimum level of error} ^detection to ^{provide increased error detection capability, and the} _{following may} ^{be true:} A _{t step 1720,the receiver uses the} ^{precoder bits allocated for error correction to assist} _{decoding of} a code block. After decoding ^{the code block, the receiver uses the precoder bits} _{allocated for error detection to} perform error detection on the decoded ^{bits, at step 1730.}

A _{ccording to certain} embodiments, the method may further ^{include the receiver} _{receiving, from a transmitter, an indication of the} ^{different amount of available precoder bits for} _{allocation between error detection and error} ^{correction for the Polar codes. The receiver may} perform the allocation step _{1710 based} ^{on the indication.}

I _{n certain embodiments,} the method for adaptively using ^{precoder bits to assist} _{decoding of a Polar code as described above may} ^{be performed by a virtual computing device.} _{FIGURE l8} illustrates an example virtual ^{computing device 1800 for adaptively using} _{precoder bits to assist decoding of} a Polar code, according to certain embodiments. ^{In certain} _{embodiments, virtual computing} device 1800 may include ^{modules for performing steps} _{similar to those described} above with regard to the ^{method 1700 illustrated and described in} _{FIGURE 17. For example, virtual} computing device 1800 may include ^{at least one allocating} _{module 1810, a first using module} 7820, a second using module 1830, ^{and any other suitable} _{modules for adaptively using} precoder bits to assist decoding of a ^{Polar code. In some} _{embodiments, one or more of the modules may be} ^{implemented using one or more processors} _{28 of FIGURE 3} or _one or _more ^processors ₅₈ of ^{FIGURE 6. In certain embodiments, the} _{functions of two or more of the various} ^{modules may be combined into a single module.}

T _{he allocating module} 1810 may perform the allocating functions ^{of virtual computing} _{device 1800. For example, in} a particular embodiment, allocating ^{module 1810 may allocate a} _{different amount of} available precoder bits between error detection ^{and error correction for a} Polar code.

T _{he first using module 1820 may} ^{perform certain of the using functions of virtual} _{computing device 1800. For example, in} a particular embodiment, first ^{using module 1820} _{may use the} precoder _bits allocated for error correction to ^{assist decoding of a code block.} _{The second using module 1830 may} perform certain other of the using functions of _{virtual computing device 1800.} For example, in a particular embodiment, second ^{using module} _{1830 may use the} precoder bits allocated for error detection to ^{perform error detection on the} _decoded ^bits.

O _ther embodiments _of virtual computing device ^{1800 may include additional} _{components beyond those shown in FIGURE} 18 that may be responsible for ^{providing certain} _{aspects of the receiver's functionality,} ^{including any of the functionality described above} _{andlor any additional} functionality ^(including any functionality ^necessary to ^{support the} _solutions described above). The various different types of ^{receivers may include components} _{having the same physical hardware but configured} ^{(e.g., via programming) to support different} _{radio access technologies, or} may represent partly or entirely different ^{physical components.}

A _{s disclosed} herein, methods, systems and apparatus are ^{disclosed for adaptively} _selecting the total number of CRC or PC bits, allocating ^{a different amount of the available CRC} _{bits between error detection and error} correction for Polar ^codes, and ^placing the CRC bits _{within a code} block. _{As a result,} ^{various balances of error correction and error detection} _capabilities can be _achieved in the SCL decoder. The features described ^{allow the concatenation} _{of CRC} and PC code to be customized for different amounts of ^{payloads, different coding} _{parameters needed for the varying} communication channel conditions, and different ^types of _{applications with different} requirements in terms of, for example, latency ^and reliability. ^Stated _{differently, according} to various embodiments, the foregoing ^{features may be based on the} _requirements (e.g. latency or reliability) of the underlying ^{application, the wireless channel} _{conditions as indicated by the target} code rate, and/or the available radio resources as ^indicated by the code length.

_{In one} embodiment, the precoder bits can be ^CRC bits. ^{According to an altemative} _{embodiment, the} precoder _bits are parity-checksum ^(PC) bits.

A _{ccording to various} embodiments, an advantage of features ^{herein is} to ^{allow the} _{concatenation of CRC} code to be customizedfor different ^{amounts of payloads, different coding} _{parameters needed for the varying communication} channel conditions, and different ^types of _{applications with different requirements} in ^{terms of,,} for ^{example, latency and} reliability. ^Since _{5G wireless communications} ^need to ^{cover a wide range} of ^{circumstances and applications,} _{embodiments of this disclosure allow the system to} ^{judiciously allocate radio resources based on co} _st-benefit ^tradeoffs.

W _{hile processes in the figures may show} ^a particular order of ^{operations performed by} _{certain embodiments of the invention, it} should be understood that such order ^{is exemplary (e.g.,} _{altemative embodiments} may perform the operations in a different ^{order, combine certain} _operations, overlap certain operations, etc.).

W _{hile the invention has been described} in ^terms of ^{several embodiments, those skilled in} _{the art will recognize that the invention} ^{is not limited to the embodiments described, can be} practiced _{with modification} and alteration within the spirit ^{and scope} of ^{the appended claims.} The description is thus to be regarded as illustrative ^{instead of limiting.}