CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS AND MOUNTING PROCEDURES

The present invention deals with some construction elements and a mounting procedure, destined to the industrial and civil buildings, for offices and private houses.

In the construction field, there are known more types of construction elements, such as parallelepiped-shaped bricks, solid or with holes.

The drawback of these bricks is that on their surfaces, both on the inside and outside have to be covered up with coating of various kinds and/or other elements or materials in order to carry out the desired interior and exterior finishing.

It is well known the procedure where the construction elements, brick type, are positioned in order to coat a resistance pillar, a resistance wall or a parting wall, adding up mortar of various compositions between the successive vertical layers and two consecutive elements on the horizontal direction. Upon finishing this procedure and obtaining the walls, one should go farther, to laying on the mortar or of the rigor boards, as the case requires, to their insulating and, finally, to spreading some materials in the shape of a board or of some finishing layers, on both the inside and outside surfaces.

The disadvantage of the above procedure is the lengthy period of time required to realize all the layers, the necessary scaffold and of the materials being left after the procedure.

The technical issue that this invention relates to is to accomplish several construction materials and of a mounting procedure that will enable to shorten the time to realize the construction by means of a device in which will be included the interior and exterior finishing.

As far as the invention is concerned, the construction materials remove the disadvantage mentioned above in the sense that they are made up of a basic material, in distinct geometrical shapes and covered up with interior and exterior finishing layers and the exterior layers is possible to include an insulating material layer. The parallelepiped element, according to the invention, is made of a basic material that

can be realized out of concrete and two opposite, flat sides of it is covered up with a finishing layer, for both in the interior and exterior; the parallelepiped thus formed is likely to be optionally presented with non-penetrated holes. The interior finishing layer that faces the building interior can be realized out of plaster and has its exterior surface well polished. The exterior finishing layer, on the outside of the building, contains a heat insulator layer in its mass; its bottom is mainly made of cement and an additional material that is compatible with it. Besides cement, as basic material, the exterior finishing layer may contain sand or marble dust of various granulation or other materials in order to get a decorative appearance that will not need any extra finishing of the exterior layer exterior surfaces. For fences or parapets, the parallelepiped element has the same exterior finishing layer on both opposite sides, but without the heat insulator layer. When used for the interior separating walls, both layers on the opposite sided of the parallelepiped element are formed out of the interior finishing layer. The casing element, as per the invention, is in the capital letter "L" shape and at the ends of its sides there are 45-degree inclination surfaces; this casing element is made up of basic material, similar to the one in the parallelepiped element and on the exterior of one side there is an exterior finishing layer that may include an insulating layer. If used for pillars with exposure surface to the exterior, the casing element has, instead of a exterior finishing layer, an interior finishing layer, similar with the one utilized for the parallelepiped element. In the first stage, the mounting procedure of the construction elements, as per invention, aims at the best alignment of them, both horizontally and vertically in order to get most leveled walls; there are being aligned the sides neighboring an element and checked with a rule to see whether the position of each of the borders of the neighboring elements to be in the same plan, same with the central element side face; the allowed deviation from the levelness of the neighboring sides towards the central surface is 0.5 mm; the leveler will help check the levelness of the superior sides of the elements and see whether there is not a deviation more than ± 1 mm towards an horizontal plan measuring 3 m; this length is located above the elements row. In a different stage, the joints between the elements will be filled up to the level of the

corresponding finishing layers exterior sides and the extra material and the borders will be dis-leveled, along with the grinding of the whole wall obtained in this process. Upon invention application, there are the following advantages: productivity increase in the field of constructions; quantity decrease of the materials being used in plastering, insulations, boarding and finishing; removal of the castings utilized in pillar casting; cost reduction.

There will be given an example of how the invention works out related to the figures from 1 to 5, which represent: fig 1, bird's-eye view of the parallelepiped element, as per invention; fig 2, sectional area with one plan I — I in the fig 1, rotated by 90° ; fig 3, bird's-eye view of the casting construction element; fig 4, perspective view, with a local rip of the casting element; fig 5, perspective view of a construction section where one can see the joint of two walls and where there is a resistance wall covered in reinforced iron.

The construction elements, as per invention, are presented in distinct geometrical shapes: a parallelepiped element 1, which serves to obtain walls of any kind and a corner element 2, with the purpose of covering up the building resistance walls and, thus, is being used to joint two walls.

The parallelepiped element 1 is made of a basic material a which is obtained by mixing the cement with the sand or the gravel, materials that will confer strength and durability. On two opposing level sides, the element is covered with an interior finishing layer b and respectively with an exterior finishing layer c. In case of some walls not subject to a consolidation force, in the basic material a can be mixed, to save the cement and the sand, other materials such as paper, wood waste or others. The parallelepiped element obtained from the basic material may present, optionally, some non-penetrated holes that will bring the following advantages: less weight for the element, cost reduction, and improvement of the thermal characteristic thanks to the air enclosures.

The interior finishing layer b faces the building interior side and it will reach the final form by having applied to it of paint by spattering or brushing. The b layer will be made of plaster and its exterior side is very well finished, so another operation will not be necessary, other than the joints between the elements 1 being filled up and the _. added material polished.

The exterior finishing layer c faces the building exterior; thus, during bad weather conditions, it will help having a heat insulator layer e included in its mass, made up of polyester boards, polystyrene or other materials currently utilized to insulate the buildings thermally. The layer c is mainly made of cement, material that may include fine granulation sand or marble dust of various granulation or other materials; the exterior surface of this layer can be covered up as we wish, following the well-known methods, with a weather-resistant paint in the desired color.

In case the parallelepiped element 1 is being used in building fences or balusters, it will have on both sides the same exterior finishing layer c, but without the thermal insulating layer e. Should the parallelepiped element 1 is being used for building interior separating walls, where there is no need for a thermal insulating layer, then both layers on the opposing sides can be of plaster, layer b type.

The casing element 2, as per invention, is in the shape of capital letter "L" shape and at the ends of its sides there is 45-degree inclination surfaces mentioned above.

The casing element 2 is made of a basic material j, similar with the basic material (a) and, on the exterior of side g, for example, it is applied an exterior finishing layer k that will include a insulating layer m, similar to the c and e layers and to the element 1.

Thanks to its shape, the casing element 2 can eliminate all the casings usually utilized for pillar placement. In pairs, face-to-face, so that the h and i surfaces overlap and include some metallic framework 3, that is how we get a case where we can place the concrete. Upon drying up, we have a pillar with the exterior surfaces already finished. Besides that, since the element 2 with a insulator layer m contained in the k layer, there is no need for further insulation of the pillar.

In case casing element 2 is being used for pillars with interior exposure, the element 2 will have, instead of the exterior finishing layer k, an interior finishing layer, non-patterned, similar with the interior finishing layer b utilized with the parallelepiped element 1, as per invention.

The construction elements 1 and 2 will be done by means of an original method that has stages of placement, vibration and pressing that allow the finishing layers b, c and k and the insulating layers e and m, to perfectly bond to the basic material a and j, respectively. Both the basic material a and j and also the other materials that make up the other finishing layers b, c and k do have the optimal viscosity upon placement moment in order to bond and form a common body.

The mounting procedure of the construction elements, as per invention, aims, in the first stage, a very good alignment of them, both horizontally and vertically in order to get most leveled walls. Upon element positioning, there are being aligned the sides neighboring an element and checked with a rule to see whether the position of each of the borders of the neighboring elements to be in the same plan, same with the central element side face. The allowed ^' deviation from the levelness of the neighboring sides towards the central surface is 0.5 mm.

The leveler will help check the levelness of the superior sides of the elements and see whether there is not a deviation more than ± 1 mm towards an horizontal plan measuring 3 m; this length is located above the elements row.

In a different stage, the joints between the elements will be filled up to the level of the corresponding finishing layers exterior sides and the extra material and the borders will be dis-leveled.

For the next stage, the wall being already leveled and the joints filled up, one can proceed with the polishing of the filling material.

Once the wall is finished, it can be painted in the desired paint and color.