CRYSTALLIZATION OF (20R) AND (20S) ANALOGS OF 2-METHYLENE-19-NOR-22-

DIMETHYL-1 a,25-DIHYDROXYVIT AMIN D ₃

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED PATENT APPLICATIONS

[0001] The present application claims the benefit under 35 U.S.C. § 119(e) to

U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/652,965, filed on May 30, 2012, the content of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR

DEVELOPMENT

[0002] This invention was made with government support under DK047814 awarded by the National Institutes of Health. The government has certain rights in the invention.

BACKGROUND

[0003] The field of the present invention relates to purification of organic compounds, and more particularly to the purification of (20S) and (20R) analogs of 2- Methylene-19-nor-22-dimethyl-l ,25-dihydroxy vitamin D ₃ (referred to herein as "MET-1 " and "MET-2" respectively) by preparing them in crystalline form.

[0004] Purification of organic compounds, especially those designated for pharmaceutical use, is of considerable importance for chemists synthesizing such compounds. Preparation of the compound usually requires many synthetic steps and, therefore, the final product can be contaminated not only with side-products derived from the last synthetic step of the procedure but also with compounds that were formed in previous steps. Even chromatographic purification, which is a very efficient but relatively time-consuming process, does not usually provide compounds which are sufficiently pure to be used as drugs.

[0005] Depending on the method used to synthesize l -hydroxy vitamin D compounds, different minor undesirable compounds can accompany the final product. Thus, for example, if direct C-1 hydroxylation of the 5,6-trans geometric isomer of vitamin D is performed, followed by Se0 ₂ /NMO oxidation and photochemical irradiation, (see Andrews et al, J. Org. Chem. 51, 1635 (1986); Calverley et al, Tetrahedron 43, 4609 (1987); Choudry et al, J. Org. Chem. 58, 1496 (1993)), the final la-hydroxyvitamin D product can be contaminated with Ιβ-hydroxy- as well as 5,6-trans isomers. If the method consists of C-1 allylic oxidation of the 4-phenyl-l,2,4-triazoline-3,5-dione adduct of the pre- vitamin D compound, followed by cycloreversion of the modified adduct under basic conditions, (see Nevinckx et al. , Tetrahedron 47, 9419 (1991); Vanmaele et al, Tetrahedron 41, 141 (1985) and 40, 1179 (1994); Vanmaele et al, Tetrahedron Lett. 23. 995 (1982)), one can expect that the desired l -hydroxyvitamin can be contaminated with the pre-vitamin 5(10), 6,8-triene and Ιβ-hydroxy isomer. One of the most useful C-1 hydroxylation methods, of very broad scope and numerous applications, is the experimentally simple procedure elaborated by Paaren et al, J. Org. Chem. 45, 3253 (1980) and Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci U.S.A. 75, 2080 (1978). This method consists of allylic oxidation of 3,5- cyclovitamin D derivatives, readily obtained from the buffered solvolysis of vitamin D tosylates, with Se0 ₂ /t-BuOOH and subsequent acid-catalyzed cycloreversion to the desired la-hydroxy compounds. Taking into account this synthetic path, it is reasonable to assume that the final product can be contaminated with la-hydroxy epimer, 5,6-trans isomer and the previtamin D form, l -hydroxyvitamin D ₄ is another undesirable contaminant found in la-hydroxyvitamin D compounds synthesized from vitamin D ₂ or from ergosterol. la-hydroxyvitamin D ₄ results from C-1 oxidation of vitamin D ₄ , which in turn is derived from contamination of the commercial ergosterol material. Typically, the final product may contain up to about 1.5% by weight la- hydroxyvitamin D ₄ . Thus, a purification technique that would eliminate or substantially reduce the amount of la-hydroxyvitamin D ₄ in the final product to less than about 0.1-0.2% would be highly desirable.

[0006] The vitamin D conjugated triene system is not only heat- and light- sensitive but it is also prone to oxidation, leading to the complex mixture of very polar compounds. Oxidation usually happens when a vitamin D compound has been stored for a prolonged time. Other types of processes that can lead to a partial decomposition of vitamin D compounds consist of some water-elimination reactions. The driving force for these reactions is the allylic (la-) and homoallylic (3β-) position of the hydroxy groups. The presence of such above-mentioned oxidation and elimination products can be easily detected by thin-layer chromatography.

[0007] Usually, all la-hydroxylatation procedures require at least one chromatographic purification. However, even chromatographically purified la-hydroxyvitamin D compounds, although showing consistent spectroscopic data that suggests homogeneity, do not meet the purity criteria required for therapeutic agents that can be orally, parenterally or transdermally administered. Therefore, it is evident that a suitable method of purification of the 1 a-hydroxylated vitamin D compounds MET-1 and MET-2 is required.

SUMMARY

[0008] Disclosed are methods of purifying MET-1 and MET-2 by means of crystallization to obtain MET-1 and MET-2 in crystalline form. The solvent plays an important role in the crystallization process, and is typically an individual liquid substance or a suitable mixture of different liquids. For crystallizing MET-1 and MET-2, the most appropriate solvent and/or solvent system is characterized by the following factors:

(1) low toxicity;

(2) low boiling point;

(3) significant dependence of solubility properties with regard to temperature (condition necessary for providing satisfactory crystallization yield); and

(4) relatively low cost.

[0009] Interestingly, hexane, so frequently used for crystallization purposes, was found less suitable as the sole solvent for crystallization of MET-1 and MET-2. However, it was found that diethyl ether (Et ₂ 0) was most useful for the crystallization of MET-1, and a mixture of 2-propanol and hexane, was most useful for the crystallization of MET-2. In particular, it was determined that a mixture of about 10% to about 20% 2-propanol with about 90% to about 80% hexane by volume, (preferably 15%» 2-propanol with about 85% hexane by volume) performed well. The diethyl ether solvent and the 2-propanol/hexane solvent mixture both were easy to remove by evaporation or other well-known methods. In all cases the crystallization process occurred easily and efficiently. The precipitated crystals were sufficiently large to assure their recovery by filtration or other means, and thus were suitable for x-ray analysis.

[00010] Accordingly, disclosed is a compound having the formula:

in crystalline form, where the wavy line at carbon 20 indicates the methyl group attached to carbon 20 may be in its R or S orientation. More specifically, disclosed are (20S)-2-methylene- 19-nor-22-dimethyl-l ,25-dihydroxyvitamin D ₃ in crystalline form (otherwise referred to as "MET-1"), and (20R)-2-methylene-19-nor-22-dimethyl-l ,25-dihydroxyvitamin D ₃ in crystalline form, (otherwise referred to as "MET-2").

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[00011] FIG. 1 is an illustration of the three dimensional molecular structure for MET-1 as defined by the atomic positional parameters discovered and set forth herein.

[00012] FIG. 2 is an illustration of the three dimensional molecular structure for MET-2 as defined by the atomic positional parameters discovered and set forth herein. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[00013] Disclosed herein is (20S)-2-methylene-19-nor-22-dimethyl-la,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3 (MET-1) in crystalline form, which is a pharmacologically important compound characterized by the formula I shown below:

[00014] Also disclosed herein is (20R)-2-methylene-19-nor-22-dimethyl-la,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3 (MET-2) in crystalline form, which also is a pharmacologically important compound characterized by the formula II shown below:

[00015] Also disclosed herein are methods of purifying MET-1 and MET-2. The purification technique typically involves obtaining the MET-1 and MET-2 products in crystalline form by utilizing a crystallization procedure wherein the material to be purified is dissolved using as the solvent either diethyl ether (Et ₂ 0) as the sole solvent to obtain MET-1, or a mixture comprised of 2-propanol and hexane to obtain MET-2. In particular, it was determined that a mixture of about 10% to about 20% 2-propanol (v/v) with about 90% to about 80% hexane (v/v) performed well. Preferably the mixture comprises about 15% 2-propanol (v/v) and about 85% hexane (v/v). Thereafter, the solvent can be removed by evaporation, with or without vacuum, or other means as is well-known in the art. Alternatively, the resultant crystals may be filtered from the mother liquor. The technique can be used to purify a wide range of final products containing MET-1 and MET-2 obtained from any known synthesis thereof, and in varying concentrations, which may range from microgram amounts to kilogram amounts. As is well known to those skilled in this art, the amount of solvent utilized should be modulated according to the amount of MET-1 and MET-2 to be purified. EXAMPLES

[00016] The following examples are illustrative and should not be interpreted as limiting the claimed subject matter.

[00017] The usefulness and advantages of the present crystallization procedure is shown in the following specific Examples. After crystallization, the precipitated material was observed under a microscope to confirm its crystalline form. Yields of crystals were relatively high and the obtained crystals showed a relatively sharp melting point of 99°C (MET-1) and 154°C (MET-2).

[00018] The described crystallization process of the synthetic MET-1 and MET-2 products represents a valuable purification method, which can remove most side products derived from the synthetic path. Such impurity may result from contamination of starting raw materials. The crystallization process occurred easily and efficiently. The precipitated crystals were sufficiently large to assure their recovery by filtration, or other means, and thus were suitable for x-ray analysis.

EXAMPLE 1

[00019] Crystallization of ( ^, 20S)-2-methylene-19-nor-22-dimethyl-la.25 dihydroxyvitamin (MET-1)

[00020] Crystallization from diethyl ether. (20S)-2-methylene-19-nor-22- dimethyl-la,25-dihydroxyvitamin D ₃ (MET-1) (14.3 mg) , was dissolved in boiling diethyl ether (3 mL) and left at room temperature for about 1 hour, then it was kept in a refrigerator for about 48 hours. The precipitated crystals were filtered off, washed with a small volume of a cold (0°C) diethyl ether, and dried to give crystalline material.

[00021] Experimental. A colorless prism-shaped crystal of dimensions 0.25 x 0.34 x 0.55 mm was selected for structural analysis. Intensity data were collected using a Bruker AXS Platinum 135 CCD detector controlled with the PROTEUM software suite (Bruker AXS Inc., Madison, WI). The x-ray source was CuK radiation (1.54178 A) from a Rigaku RU200 x- ray generator equipped with Montel optics, operated at 50 kV and 90 mA.The x-ray data were processed with SAINT version 7.06A (Bruker AXS Inc.) and internally scaled with SADABS version 2005/1 (Bruker AXS Inc.). The sample was mounted on a glass fiber using vacuum grease and cooled to 100 K. The intensity data were measured as a series of phi and omega oscillation frames each of 1° for 10-25 sec/frame. The detector was operated in 1024 x 1024 mode and was positioned 4.5 cm from the sample. Cell parameters were determined from a nonlinear least squares fit of 3265 peaks in the range of 4.0 < theta < 55°. The data were merged to form a set of 4624 independent data with R(int)=0.0287.

[00022] The monoclinic space group P2(l) was determined by systematic absences and statistical tests and verified by subsequent refinement. The structure was solved by direct

2

methods and refined by full-matrix least-squares methods on F , (a) G.M. Sheldrick (1 94),

SHELXTL Version 5 Reference Manual, Bruker AXS Inc.; (b) International Tables for Crystallography, Vol. C, Kluwer: Boston (1995). Hydrogen atom positions were determined from difference peaks and ultimately refined by a riding model with idealized geometry. Non- hydrogen atoms were refined with anisotropic displacement parameters. In addition to the molecule of MET- 1, one molecule of diethyl ether was present in the asymmetric unit of the crystalline lattice. A total of 334 parameters were refined against 1 restraint and 4624 data to give wR2 = 0.0995 and S = 1.040 for weights of w = l/[s ² (F ² ) + (0.0675P) ² ], where P = [F _Q ² + 2

2F _C ]/3. The final R(F) was 0.0332 for the 4624 observed data. The largest shift/s.u. was 0.001 in the final refinement cycle and the final difference map had maxima and minima of 0.238 and - 3

0.201 e/A , respectively. The absolute structure was determined by refinement of the Flack parameter, H.D. Flack, Acta Cryst. A, vol. 39, 876-881 (1983). [00023] The three dimensional structure of MET-1 as defined by the following physical data and atomic positional parameters described and calculated herein (Tables 1-8) is illustrated in FIG. 1.

EXAMPLE 2

[00024] Crystallization of (20R -2-methylene-19-nor-22-dimethyl-la.25- dihydroxyvitamin Dj MET-2

[00025] Crystallization from 2-propanol/hexane. (20R)-2-methylene-19-nor-22- dimethyl~la,25-dihydroxyvitamin D ₃ (22.7 mg), was suspended in hexane (4 mL) and then 2- propanol was added dropwise to the suspension. The mixture was heated in a water bath to dissolve the vitamin, then was left at room temperature for about 1 hour, and finally was kept in a refrigerator for about 48 hours. The precipitated crystals were filtered off, washed with a small volume of a cold (0°C) 2-propanol/hexane (3:1) mixture, and dried to give crystalline material. It should be noted that an excess of 2-propanol should be avoided to get the point of saturation, i.e. only about 1 mole or less of 2-propanol should be added.

[00026] Experimental. A colorless prism-shaped crystal of dimensions 0.36 x 0.17 x 0.03 mm was selected for structural analysis. Intensity data were collected using a Bruker AXS Platinum 135 CCD detector controlled with the PROTEUM software suite (Bruker AXS Inc., Madison, WI). The x-ray source was CuK radiation (1.54178 A) from a Rigaku RU200 x- ray generator equipped with Montel optics, operated at 50 kV and 90 mA.The x-ray data were processed with SAINT version 7.06A (Bruker AXS Inc.) and internally scaled with SADABS version 2005/1 (Bruker AXS Inc.). The sample was mounted in a quartz capillary tube and data collected at 298 K. The intensity data were measured as a series of phi and omega oscillation frames each of 1° for 20-40 sec/frame. The detector was operated in 1024 x 1024 mode and was positioned 4.5 cm from the sample. Cell parameters were determined from a non-linear least squares fit of 9999 peaks in the range of 2.51 < theta < 58.69 . The data were merged to form a set of 3985 independent data with R(int)=0.0473.

[00027] The monoclinic space group C2 was determined by systematic absences and statistical tests and verified by subsequent refinement. The structure was solved by direct

2

methods and refined by full-matrix least-squares methods on F , (a) G.M. Sheldrick (1994),

SHELXTL Version 5 Reference Manual, Bruker AXS Inc.; (b) International Tables for Crystallography, Vol. C, Kluwer: Boston (1995). Hydrogen atom positions were determined from difference peaks and ultimately refined by a riding model with idealized geometry. Non- hydrogen atoms were refined with anisotropic displacement parameters. In addition to the molecule of MET-2, one molecule of isopropanol was present in the asymmetric unit of the crystalline lattice. A total of 325 parameters were refined against 1 restraint and 3985 data to give wR2 = 0.1600 and S = 1.073 for weights of w = l/[s ² (F ² ) + (0.1033P) ² ], where P = [F _Q ² + 2

2F _C ]/3. The final R(F) was 0.0844 for the 3985 observed data. The largest shift/s.u. was 0.001 in the final refinement cycle and the final difference map had maxima and minima of 0.140 and - 3

0.190 e/A , respectively. The absolute structure was determined by refinement of the Flack parameter, H.D. Flack, Acta Cryst. A, vol. 39, 876-881 (1983).

[00028] The three dimensional structure of MET-2 as defined by the following physical data and atomic positional parameters described and calculated herein (Tables 9-16) is illustrated in FIG. 2.

Table 1. Crystal data and structure refinement for MET-1.

Empirical formula C33 H58 04

Formula weight 518.79

Temperature 100(1) K

Wavelength 1.54178 A

Crystal system, space group Monoclinic, P2(l)

Unit cell dimensions a = 7.5780 (15)A 90 ^u b = 14.792 (3) A β 102. c = 14.481 (3) A Y = 90 ^L

Volume 1586.5(6) A ³

Z 2

Calculated density 1.086 g/m ³

Absorption coefficient 0.532 mm ^"1

F(000) 576

Crystal size 0.25 x 0.34 x 0.55 mm

Theta range for data collection 3.12 to 63.06°

Limiting indices -8<=h<=8, -17<=k<=16, 0<=1<=16

Reflections collected / unique 7564 / 4624 [R(int) = 0.0287]

Data / restraints / parameters 4624 / 1 / 334

Goodness-of-fit on F ² 1.040

Final R indices [I>2D(I)] Rl = 0.0330, wR2 = 0.0955

R indices (all data) Rl = 0.0332, wR2 = 0.0959

Absolute structure parameter -0.01 (15)

Largest diff . peak and hole 0.238 and -0.201 e/A ³

Table 2. Atomic coordinates (A ² x 10 ⁴ ) and equivalent isotropic displacement parameters (A ² x 10 ³ ) for MET-1 U(eq) is defined as one third of the trace of the orthoeonalized Uij tensor.

U (eq)

0 (3) -1435 (2) 3847 (1) 11389 (1) 26 (1

0 (100) -1576 (2) 5643 (1) 10959 (1) 32 (1

0 (25) -4404 (2) -6333 (1) 12194 (1) 27 (1

0 (1) 3382 (2) 2361 (1) 11284 (1) 28 (1 c (5) -1471 (2) 1831 (1) 11117 (1) 22 (1 c (13) -3621 (2) -1411 (1) 13186 (1) 22 (1 c (6) -2465 (2) 1391 (1) 11638 (1) 23 (1 c (20) -3217 (2) -3144 (1) 13759 (1) 23 (1 c (14) -2234 (2) -617 (1) 13380 (1) 23 (1 c (2) 716 (2) 3237 (1) 10539 (1) 24 (1 c (22) -2071 (2) -3839 (1) 14466 (1) 27 (1 c (7) -1882 (2) 618 (1) 12255 (1) 23 (1 c (4) -2313 (2) 2542 (1) 10414 (1) 24 (1 c (8) -2850 (2) 217 (1) 12818 1) 24 (1 c (23) -2980 (2) -4791 (1) 14332 (1) 28 (1 c (3) -1246 (2) 3423 (1) 10520 (1) 25 (1 c (21) -5206 (2) -3181 (1) 13826 ' 1 ) 30 (1 c (24) -3359 (2) -5161 (1) 13320 (1) 27 (1 c (1) 1560 (2) 2561 (1) 11290 1) 23 (1 c (10) 502 (2) 1670 (1) 11152 1) 22 (1 c 15) -456 (2) -1058 (1) 13319 1) 26 (1 c 12) -5392 (2) -1054 (1) 13413 1) 28 (1 c 9) -4631 2) 555 (1) 12982 1) 29 (1 c 17) -2546 2) -2145 (1) 13863 1) 22 (1 c 101) -280 3) 6264 (1) 11455 ' 1 ) 40 (1 c 29) 1591 3) 3619 (1) 9940 1) 31 (1 c 30) -125 2) -3978 (1) 14326 1) 31 (1 c 16) -580 2) -2012 (1) 13723 1) 25 (1 c 18) -3930 2) -1723 (1) 12152 1) 24 (1 c 11) -6056 2) -197 1) 12851 1) 29 ;i c 25) -3972 3) -6149 (1) 13189 1) 31 (1 c 201) -3380 3) 6000 1) 10736 1) 38 1 c 27) -2516 4) -6804 2) 13656 2) 65 1 c 28) -1941 3) -3553 (1) 15498 1) 35 1 c 202) -4591 3) 5306 2) 10178 2) 48 1 c 26) -5726 3) -6301 2) 13518 1) 50 1 c 102) 1535 3) 5832 (2) 11596 2) 54 (1 Table 3. Bond lengths fAl for MET-1.

0(3)-C(3) 1. .440 (2) 0(100) -C(lOl) 1. .423 (2)

O(100)-C(201) 1 , .437 (2) 0(25) -C(25) 1. .435 (2)

0(1) -C(l) 1, .4140 (19) C(5) -C(6) 1. .342 (2)

C (5) -C (10) 1. .504 (2) C(5)-C(4) 1. .508 (2)

C (13) -C (18) 1. .537 (2) C(13) -C(12) 1. .542 (2)

C(13)-C(14) 1. ,561 (2) C(13) -C(17) 1. .570 (2)

C(6)-C(7) 1, .461 (2) C(20)-C(21) 1. .532 (2)

C(20)-C(17) 1 , .559 (2) C(20)-C(22) 1. .575 (2)

C(14)-C(8) 1 , .497 (2) C(14)-C(15) 1. .516(2)

C (2) -C (29) 1. .325 (2) C(2)-C{3) 1. .506(2)

C(2)-C(l) 1. .516 (2) C(22)-C(28) 1. ,536 (2)

C(22)-C(30) 1. .544 (2) C(22)-C(23) 1. ,562 (2)

C(7)-C(8) 1, .345 (2) C(4)-C(3) 1. ,524 (2)

C(8)-C(9) 1. .505 (2) C(23) -C(24) 1. ,533(2)

C (24) -C (25) 1. .532 (2) C (1) -C (10) 1. .533 (2)

C(15)-C(16) 1 , .539 (2) C (12) -C (11) 1. ,532 (2)

C (9) -C (11) 1. .534 (2) C (17) -C (16) 1. ,558 (2)

C (101) -C (102) 1. .491 (3) C(25)-C(27) 1. ,516(3)

C(25)-C(26) 1. , 521 (3) C{201) -C(202) 1. , 495 (3)

Table 4. Bond angles Γ for MET-1. c (101) -O(IOO) -C(201) 113 .47 (15 c (6) - -C(5)-C(10) 125 .17 (14 c (6) - -C(5) -C(4) 120 .68 (15 c (10) -C(5) -C(4) 114 .14 (13 c (18) -C(13)-C(12) 110 .52 (13 c (18) -C(13)-C(14) 111 .04 (12 c (12) -C(13)-C(14) 106 .64 (13 c (18) -C (13) -C(17) 110 .70 (13 c (12) -C(13)-C(17) 117 .67 (13 c (14) -C(13) -C(17) 99 .63 (12 c (5) - -C(6) -C(7) 126 .18 (15 c (21) -C(20) -C(17) 109 .44 (13 c (21) -C(20) -C (22) 110 45 (13 c (17) -C(20)-C(22) 115 60 (13 c (8) - -C(14) -C(15) 120 05 (14 c (8) - -C(14) -C(13) 113 68 (13 c (15) -C(14)-C(13) 103 82 (13 c (29) -C(2) -C(3) 122 61 (16 c (29) -C(2) -C(l) 123 89 (16 c (3) - ^■ C(2) -C(l) 113 49 (13 c (28) -C(22)-C(30) 107 31 (14 c (28) -C(22)-C(23) 107 77 (13 c (30) -C(22)-C(23) 105 76 (14 c (28) -C(22)-C(20) 111 43 (14 c (30) -C(22)-C(20) 114 34 (13 c (23) -C(22) -C(20) 109 89 (13 c 8) - C(7) ~C(6) 125 67 (15 c 5) - C(4)-C(3) 112 89 (14 c 7) - C(8)-C(14) 123 11 (15 c 7) - C(8)-C(9) 124 84 (15 c 14) -C(8) -C(9) 112 04 14 c 24) -C(23) -C(22) 115 43 13

0 3) - C(3) -C(2) 110 16 13

0 3) - C(3)-C(4) 108 15 12 c 2) - C(3)-C(4) 110 21 13 c 25) -C(24)-C(23) 116 71 14

0 1) - C(l)-C(2) 113. 40 13

0 i) - C (1) -C (10) 107. 71 12 c 2) - C(l) -C(10) 110. 12 13 c 5) - C(10)-C(l) 110. 88 13 c 14) -C(15) -C (16) 104. 17 13 c 11) -C(12)-C(13) 111. 93 13 c 8) - C(9)-C(ll) 111. 72 14 c 20) -C(17) -C (16) 114. 06 13 c 20) -C(17)-C(13) 118. 64 13 c 16) -C(17) -C(13) 102. 46 12

0 ( 100) -C(101)-C(102) 108. 10 16 c ( 15) -C(16) -C(17) 107. 60 13 c ( 12) -C(ll)-C(9) 113. 01 14

0 ( 25) -C(25)-C(27) 108. 39 16

0( 25) -C(25)-C(26) 104. 95 14 C (27) -C (25) -C (26) 111.5 (2) 0(25)-C(25)-C(24) 107.75 (13) C(27)-C(25)-C(24) 112.43 (16) C(26)-C(25)-C(24) 111. 0 (16) O(100)-C(201)-C(202) 108.38 (16)

Table 5. Anisotropic displacement parameters (A ² x 10 ³ ) for MET-1. The anisotropic displacement factor exponent takes the form: -2π ² | ^{" 2} α* ² υ_η + ... + 2hka*b*\Jn.

Ull U ₂ 2 U33 U ₂ 3 U ₁₃ U ₁₂

0 3) 26 (1) 17 (1) 37 (1) 0 (1) 10 (1) 1 (1)

0 100) 40 (1) 19 (1) 37 (1) 2 (1) 9 ' 1 ) 3 (1)

0 (25) 28 (1) 28 (1) 26 (1) -2 (1) 6 1) -7 (1)

0 1) 17 (1) 23 (1) 44 (1) -6 (1) 8 1) -2 (1) c (5) 21 (1) 16 (1) 27 (1) -4 (1) 4 1) -2 (1) c 13) 23 (1) 21 (1) 24 (1) 0 (1) 8 1) -2 (1) c 6) 19 (1) 18 (1) 32 (1) -2 (1) 6 ) 0 (1) c 20) 28 (1) 20 (1) 23 (1) 1 (1) 8 (1) -5 (1) c 14) 25 (1) 20 (1) 25 (1) -2 (1) 6 1) -3 (1) c (2) 27 (1) 17 (1) 29 (1) -5 (1) 7 (1) -4 (1) c '22) 33 (1) 22 (1) 24 (1) 3 (1) 4 1) -6 (1) c (7) 19 (1) 18 (1) 30 (1) -2 (1) 6 (1) -1 (1) c (4) 21 (1) 21 (1) 30 (1) 1 (1) 3 1) 1 (1) c (8) 25 (1) 18 (1) 29 (1) -3 (1) 6 a) -1 (1) c 23) 38 (1) 21 (1) 25 (1) 3 (1) 6 (1) -5 (1) c 3) 29 (1) 20 (1) 28 (1) 4 (1) 7 ' 1 ) 2 (1) c (21) 29 (1) 23 (1) 39 (1) 2 (1) 11 (1) -6 (1) c (24) 34 (1) 22 (1) 24 (1) 2 (1) 6 1) -4 (1) c (1) 20 (1) 22 (1) 29 (1) -2 (1) 8 1) 0 (1) c (10) 21 1) 20 (1) 27 (1) 2 (1) 7 (1) 2 (1) c 15) 20 (1) 23 (1) 33 (1) 3 (1) 4 ) -3 (1) c (12) 29 (1) 24 (1) 34 (1) 1 (1) 14 (1) -2 (1) c 9) 30 1) 24 (1) 38 (1) 2 (1) 16 1) 4 (1) c (17) 25 (1) 20 (1) 20 (1) 0 (1) 6 (1) -4 (1) c Ί01) 65 1) 25 (1) 29 (1) -1 (1) 10 1) -9 (1) c (29) 33 i) ^■ 24 (1) 39 (1) 3 (1) 13 1) -2 (1) c (30) 33 1) 23 (1) 36 1) 9 (1) 1 1) -1 (1) c 16) 22 1) 21 (1) 29 (1) 2 (1) 1 ) -2 (1) c 18) 25 1) 20 (1) 26 (1) 0 (1) 4 1) -1 (1) c 11) 25 1) 28 ' 1 ) 39 1) 3 (1) 16 1) 3 (1) c (25) 42 1) 23 (1) 25 (1) 2 (1) 1 1) -6 (1) c '201) 48 1) 28 (1) 44 1) 11 (1) 22 1) 15 (1) c (27) 93 2) 25 1) 55 1) 0 (1) -32 1) 8 (1) c (28) 49 1) 29 1) 26 1) 2 (1) 4 1) -12 (1) c 202) 35 1) 46 ) 58 ) 14 (1) 2 1) 13 (1) c 26) 75 2) 50 (1) 31 1) -7 (1) 23 1) -34 (1) c 102) 54 1) 41 1) 57 1) 2 1) -10 1) -14 1) Table 6. Hydrogen coordinates (A ² x 10 ⁴ ) and isotropic displacement parameters (A ² x 10 ³ MET-1.

H (3A) -1246 4391 11360 40

H (25A) -3854 -5981 11920 41

H (1A) 4033 2763 11559 41

H (6A) -3636 1598 11604 27

H (20F) -3157 -3339 13120 28

H (14A) -2129 -451 14045 28

H (7A) -743 383 12258 27

H ,4A) -3529 2665 10495 29

H (4B) -2398 2310 9780 29

H (23A) -2206 -5217 14739 34

H (23B) -4112 -4761 14542 34

H (3B) -1735 3823 9988 30

H (21A) -5886 -2755 13392 45

H 21B) -5311 -3033 14458 45

H 21C) -5668 -3779 13671 45

H (24A) -4282 -4787 12936 40

H (24B) -2270 -5094 13075 40

H (IB) 1502 2809 11910 28

H !IOF) 646 1386 10569 27

H (10G) 983 1262 11669 27

H (15A) 554 -727 13690 31

H (15B) -316 -1087 12669 31

H 12A) -6313 -1518 13267 33

H (12B) -5200 -923 14084 33

H (9A) -5058 1043 12544 35

H 9B) -4464 795 13618 35

H 17A) -2559 -1957 14511 26

H (10A) -557 6412 12061 48

H (10B) -298 6817 11094 48

H 29A) 994 4020 9485 37

H ,29B) 2803 3486 9975 37

H (30A) 485 -4408 14780 47

H 30B) 509 -3412 14411 47

H 30C) -160 -4201 13700 47

H 16A) 271 -2075 14322 30

H 16B) -299 -2463 13290 30

H 18A) -4591 -1267 11750 35

H 18B) -4607 -2276 12077 35

H (18C) -2787 -1820 11983 35

H (HA) -7122 26 13048 35

H Ί1Β) -6400 -349 12186 35

H 20A) -3409 6551 10371 46

H 20B) -3782 6139 11313 46

H (27A) -1429 -6689 13435 97

H 27B) -2910 -7412 13498 97

H 27C) -2288 -6726 14328 97

H (28A) -1234 -3988 15910 53

H 28B) -3130 -3522 15627 53 H (28C) -1377 -2970 15600 53

H(20C) -5804 5534 10022 71

H (20D) -4560 4764 10546 71

H (20E) -4187 5175 9607 71

H(26A) -6077 -6924 13425 75

H (26B) -6654 -5923 13161 75

H (26C) -5554 -6154 14177 75

H (IOC) 2433 6241 11927 81

H ( 10D) 1798 5688 10993 81

H(10E) 1544 5288 11958

Table 7. Torsion angles [deg] for MET-1. c (10) -C(5) -C(6)-C(7) -6 9 (3) c (4) -C(5)-C(6) -C(7) 172 04 (14 c (18) -C(13) -C(14) -C(8) 62 64 (17 c (12) -C(13) -C (14) -C (8) -57 81 (17 c (17)-C(13) -C(14) -C(8) 179 34 (12 c (18)-C(13) -C(14)-C(15) -69 49 (16 c (12)-C(13)-C(14) -C(15) 170 05 (13 c (17) -C(13)-C(14) -C(15) 47 21 (14 c (21)-C(20)-C(22)-C(28) -68 60 (17 c (17)-C(20) -C(22)-C(28) 56 32 (18 c (21)-C(20)-C(22)-C(30) 169 50 (14 c (17) -C(20)-C(22) -C(30) -65 58 (18 c (21) -C(20)-C(22)-C(23) 50 77 (17 c (17)-C(20) -C(22)-C(23) 175 69 (13 c (5) -C(6)-C(7) -C(8) 175 69 (16 c (6)-C(5)-C(4)-C(3) 129 93 (16 c (10) -C(5) -C(4)-C(3) -50 98 (18 c (6)-C(7)-C(8) -C(14) 175 28 (14 c (6) -C(7)-C(8)-C(9) -6 4 (3) c (15)-C(14) -C(8) -C(7) -0 9(2) c (13)-C(14)-C(8)-C{7) -124 65 (17 c (15) -C(14)-C(8)-C(9) -179 41 (15 c (13) -C(14)-C(8)-C(9) 56 87 (17 c (28)-C(22) -C(23)-C(24) 175 53 (15 c (30)-C(22)-C(23)-C(24) -69 94 (18 c (20)-C(22)-C(23) -C(24) 53 94 (19 c (29) -C(2) -C(3)-0(3) -116 79 (17 c (l) -C(2) -C(3) -0(3) 64 38 (16 c (29) -C (2) -C (3) -C (4) 123 95 (17 c 1) -C(2) -C(3) -C(4) -54 88 (17 c ,5) -C(4)-C(3) -0(3) -69 91 (16 c (5) -C(4)-C(3) -C(2) 50 56 (17 c 22)-C(23)-C(24)-C(25) 170 72 (15 c 29)-C(2) -C(l)-0(l) -1 0 (2) c 3)-C(2)-C(l) -0(l) 177 82 (12 c 29) -C(2) -C(l) -C(10) -121 76 (17 c 3) -C(2)-C(l) -C(10) 57 05 (16 c 6) -C(5) -C(10)-C(l) -128 78 (16 c 4) -C(5)-C(10)-C(l) 52 18 (17

0 1) -C(1)-C(10) -C(5) -178 02 (11 c 2) -C(l)-C(10)-C(5) -53 90 (16 c 8) -C(14) -C(15) -C(16) -163 10 (13 c 13)-C(14)-C(15) -C(16) -34 78 (16 c 18) -C(13) -C(12) -C(ll) -65 07 (17 c 14) -C(13) -C(12)-C(11) 55. 72 (17 c 17)-C(13)-C(12)-C(11) 166. 45 (14 c 7) -C(8) -C(9) -C(ll) 130 33 (18 c 14)-C(8) -C(9)-C(11) -51 22 (17 c 21) -C(20) -C(17) -C(16) -175 23 (13 c 22) -C(20) -C(17) -C(16) 59. 33 (17 C(21)-C(20)-C(17)-C(13) -54..36 (17)

C(22) -C(20) -C(17) -C(13> -179. ,80 (12)

C(18)-C(13)-C(17)-C(20) -50. .06 (18)

C(12)-C(13)-C(17)-C(20) 78. ,34 (18)

C(14)-C(13)-C(17)-C{20) -167. .02 (12)

C(18)-C(13)-C(17)-C(16) 76. .56 (15)

C(12)-C(13)-C(17)-C(16) -155. .04 (14)

C(14)-C(13)-C(17)-C(16) -40. .40 (14)

C(201) -0(100 )-C( 101) -C( 102) -177. .01 (16)

C(14)-C(15)-C(16)-C(17) 8 , .55 (16)

C(20)-C(17)-C(16)-C(15) 150, .05 (13)

C(13)-C(17)-C(16)-C(15) 20. .53 (16)

C(13)-C(12)-C(ll)-C(9) -54, .82 (19)

C(8)-C(9)-C(ll)-C(12) 50, .78 (18)

C(23)-C(24)-C(25)-0(25) 175, .01 (14)

C(23)-C(24)-C(25)-C(27) -65 .6(2)

C(23)~C(24)-C(25)-C(26) 60 .4 (2)

C(101)-O(100)-C(201)-C(202) 177 .20 (15)

Table 8. Observed and calculated structure factors for MET-1 h k 1 lOFo lOFc 10s k 1 lOFo lOFc 10s h k 1 10FO lOFc 10s k 1 lOFo lOFc 10s h k 1 lOFo lOFc 10s

0- 16 0 150 149 2 1 2 0 479 489 2 15 0 41 44 1 3 -9 1 37 37 1 4 1 1 139 136 2

1- 16 0 52 52 1 2 2 0 217 210 3 15 0 34 36 1 4 - 9 1 188 187 3 5 1 1 75 72 1

2- 16 0 77 74 1 3 2 0 118 120 4 15 0 95 95 1 5 - 9 1 192 181 3 6 1 1 131 124 2

3- 16 0 134 137 2 4 2 0 253 245 2 16 0 76 74 1 6 - 9 1 3 6 3 7 1 1 154 157 2

1- 15 0 106 109 1 5 2 0 56 51 0-17 1 74 72 1 -6 -8 1 25 23 1 8 1 1 21 20 1

2- 15 0 44 45 1 6 2 0 195 199 -3-16 1 41 39 1 -5 -8 1 142 141 2 -8 2 1 47 49 1

3- 15 0 34 36 1 7 2 0 79 74 -2-16 1 75 77 1 -4 -8 1 24 21 1 -7 2 1 143 145 2

4- 15 0 91 94 1 8 2 0 50 49 -1-16 1 5 5 4 -3 -8 1 44 43 1 -6 2 1 40 38 1

0- 14 0 137 148 1 1 3 0 141 142 0- 16 1 51 50 1 -2 -8 1 66 64 1 -5 2 1 46 49 1

1- 14 0 18 16 1 2 3 0 272 281 1- 16 1 167 170 1 -1 -8 1 103 98 1 -4 2 1 59 51 1

2- 14 0 98 96 1 3 3 0 252 247 2- 16 1 6 4 0 - 8 1 149 161 3 -3 2 1 448 429 5

3- 14 0 110 106 1 4 3 0 55 60 -4-15 1 112 113 2 1 - 8 1 187 189 2 -2 2 1 146 146 1

4- 14 0 22 21 1 5 3 0 70 68 -3-15 1 114 109 1 2 - 8 1 160 151 1 -1 2 1 328 333 3

1- 13 0 104 107 1 6 3 0 151 145 -2-15 1 105 99 1 3 -8 1 88 80 1 0 2 1 275 279 4

2- 13 0 74 72 1 7 3 0 72 70 -1-15 1 63 66 1 4 - 8 1 203 198 3 1 2 1 372 371 4

3- 13 0 102 95 1 8 3 0 30 33 0- 15 1 57 53 1 5 - 8 1 115 116 2 2 2 1 189 195 2

4- 13 0 123 117 2 0 4 0 924 916 1- 15 1 39 39 1 6 -8 1 27 27 1 3 2 1 167 170 2

5- 13 0 41 42 1 1 4 0 319 318 2- 15 1 72 73 1 -4 -7 1 268 270 5 4 2 1 66 71 1 0-12 0 43 42 1 2 4 0 399 410 3- 15 1 48 46 1 -3 -7 1 110 109 1 5 2 1 63 65 1

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5 1 0 126 127 2 5 13 0 41 42 1 2 -9 1 98 101 -1 1 1 230 240 2 560 533 9

6 1 0 218 223 3 1 14 0 21 17 2 1 -9 1 28 17 0 1 1 95 94 1 243 234 6

7 1 0 121 126 2 2 14 0 100 96 2 0 -9 1 349 341 1 1 1 325 343 6 44 56 1

8 1 0 26 24 1 3 14 0 113 106 1 1 -9 1 96 94 2 1 1 372 386 4 178 179 1 0 2 0 115 112 3 4 14 0 25 21 1 2 -9 59 51 3 1 1 248 249 3 100 100 1

6 6 1 178 184 3 -3 14 1 11 9 2 7 -9 46 48 3 0 2 62 71 1 29 26 1

7 6 1 61 60 1 -2 14 1 49 45 1 6 -9 62 62 6 0 2 88 96 1 107 103 1 -7 7 1 13 13 1 1 14 1 86 88 2 5 -9 30 26 7 0 2 77 80 1 99 101 1 -6 7 1 80 84 1 2 14 1 33 30 1 4 -9 2 210 206 8 0 2 25 23 1 232 229 1

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1 7 1 350 336 3 15 1 49 46 3 - 9 2 61 61 212 218 2 4 6 2 263 274 2

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3 7 1 212 208 -2 16 1 75 77 5 - 9 2 111 109 1028 1060 13 6 6 2 71 75 1

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5 7 1 119 122 -3-16 2 5 2 -6 -8 2 55 56 101 101 1 -7 7 2 80 80 1

•J\ 6 7 1 87 89 -2-16 2 101 95 -5 -8 2 211 206 115 109 1 -6 7 2 102 97 1

7 7 1 23 22 -1-16 2 96 93 -4 -8 2 61 65 96 103 1 -5 7 2 136 141 1 -7 8 1 30 28 0- 16 2 59 57 -3 -8 2 122 111 64 65 1 -4 7 2 131 128 1 -6 8 1 25 23 1- 16 2 39 37 -2 -8 2 181 189 23 24 1 -3 7 2 133 133 1 -5 8 1 140 141 2- 16 2 29 31 -1 -8 2 227 225 46 44 1 -2 7 2 132 127 4 -4 8 1 25 20 -4-15 2 22 26 0 - 8 2 47 44 16 19 1 -1 7 2 160 135 3 -3 8 1 43 43 -3-15 2 153 147 1 - 8 2 177 185 26 24 1 0 7 2 266 257 6 -2 8 1 67 64 -2-15 2 75 71 2 - 8 2 154 153 28 29 1 1 7 2 56 54 2 -1 8 1 103 99 -1-15 2 109 111 3 - 8 2 140 133 168 167 2 3 7 2 216 211

0 8 1 152 161 0- 15 2 119 118 4 - 8 2 127 131 132 134 1 184 197

1 8 1 182 190 1- 15 2 55 53 5 - 8 2 249 255 230 224 2 37 32

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I I I Table 9. Crystal data and structure refinement for MET-2.

Empirical formula C32 H56 04

Formula weight 504.77

Temperature 298(1) K

Wavelength 1.54178 A

Crystal system, space group Monoclinic, C2

Unit cell dimensions a = 27.3382(16) A a = 90°

b = 6.6860(13) A β = 113.57(3) ^' c = 19.221 (10) A γ = 90°

Volume 3320.3(11) A ³

Z 4

, 3

Calculated density 1.041 Mg/m

-1

Absorption coefficient 0.513 mm

F(000) 1120

Crystal size 0.36 x 0.17 x 0.03 mm

Theta range for data collection 2.51 to 58.69°

Limiting indices -29<=h<=28, -6<=k<=6, -21<=K=21 Reflections collected / unique 10383 / 3985 [R(int) = 0.0473] Data / restraints / parameters 3985 / 1 / 325

2

Goodness-of-fit on F 1.073

Final R indices [Ι>2σ(Ι)] Rl = 0.0618, wR2 = 0.1600

R indices (all data) Rl = 0.0844, wR2 = 0.1778

Absolute structure parameter 0.2(4)

. -3

Largest diff. peak and hole 0.140 and -0.190 e/A

Table 10. Atomic coordinates (A ² x 10 ⁴ ) and equivalent isotropic displacement parameters (A ² x 10 ³ ) for MET-2 U(eq) is defined as one third of the trace of the orthogonalized Uij tensor. x y z U(eq)

0 (3) 9651 (1) 8018 (5) 3345 (2) 80 (1) c (20) 7634 (1) 8343 (6) -2763 (2) 67 (1)

0 (25) 9328 (1) 7952 (6) -3391 (2) 102 (1) c (13) 7985 (1) 7574 (6) -1301 (2) 59 (1) c (1) 9449 (2) 12075 (6) 2708 (2) 66 (1) c (17) 8118 (1) 8204 (6) -1982 (2) 59 (1)

0 (1) 9565 (1) 14167 (5) 2735 (2) 88 (1) c (10) 8922 (2) 11685 (7) 2036 (2) 73 (1) c (23) 8253 (2) 8546 (7) -3469 (2) 70 (1) c (2) 9409 (2) 11384 (7) 3438 (2) 67 (1) c (12) 7838 (2) 5387 (7) -1291 (2) 74 (1) c (14) 8539 (1) 7926 (6) -637 (2) 64 (1) c (22) 7766 (2) 7484 (7) -3431 (2) 69 (1) c (18) 7564 (2) 8908 (7) -1201 (3) 79 (1) c 5) 8739 (2) 9568 (7) 2011 (2) 68 (1) c 3) 9242 (2) 9248 (7) 3413 (2) 68 (1) c 15) 8704 (2) 9975 (8) -812 (2) 77 (1) c 9) 8370 (2) 5285 (7) 139 (2) 83 (1) c 16) 8471 (2) 10076 (7) -1687 (2) 76 (1) c 25) 8924 (2) 8719 (10) -4091 (2) 93 (2) c 8) 8525 (2) 7441 (7) 118 (2) 69 (1) c 30) 7870 (2) 5245 (7) -3306 (3) 98 2) c 28) 7279 (2) 7779 (10) -4185 (2) 103 (2) c 24) 8394 (2) 7945 (10) -4124 (2) 91 2) c 11) 7843 (2) 4765 (8) -517 (2) 83 1) c 4) 8712 (2) 8882 (8) 2740 (2) 74 1) c 27) 8974 (2) 10999 (12) -4028 (4) 134 3) c 6) 8624 (1) 8330 (8) 1421 2) 72 1) c 21) 7379 (2) 10414 8) -2945 3) 98 2) c 26) 9029 (2) 7983 (18) -4745 (3) 177 4) C(7) 8639(2) 8753(7) 686(2) 72 (1)

C(29) 9490(2) 12565(9) 4016(2) 97(2)

0(201) 10425(1) 14824(6) 2396(2) 112(1)

C(202) 10381(3) 15282(14) 1660(3) 128(2)

C(201) 10109(4) 17151(16) 1381(5) 185(4)

C(203) 10130(5) 13539(17) 1161(5) 223(5)

Table 11. Bond lengths [Al for MET-2.

0 (3)-C(3) 1 434 (5) c ^20) -C(21) 1 527 (6) c (20)-C(17). 1 558 (5) c (20) -C (22) 1 573 (5)

0 (25)-C(25) 1 451 (5) c (13) -C(12) 1 518 (6) c 13) -C(18) 1 527 (6) c 13)-C{17) 1 549 (5) c 13) -C(14) 1 560 (5) c (l)-O(l) 1 431 (5) c (1)-C(2) 1 521 (5) c 1) -C (10) 1 524 (6) c 17) -C(16) 1 543 (6) c 10)-C(5) 1 495 (6) c 23) -C(24) 1 511 (5) c 23)-C(22) 1 535 (6) c 2) -C (29) 1 308 (6) c 2)-C{3) 1 495 (6) c (12) -C (11) 1 541 (5) c (14) -C (8) 1 501 (5) c (14) -C (15) 1 522 (6) c (22) -C (30) 1 524 (7) c 22) -C (28) 1 541 (6) c 5)-C(6) 1 336 (6) c 5)-C(4) 1 505 (5) c 3)-C(4) 1 527 (5)

c (9)-C(8) 1 508 (7) c 9) -C (11) 1 527 (6) c 25) -C(26) 1 483 (8) c 25) -C(24) 1 516 (7) c 25) -C(27) 1 532 (9) c 8)-C(7) 1 336 (6) c 6)-C(7) 1 458 5)

0 201) -C (202) 1 405 7) c 202) -C (201) 1 443 (11) c 202) -C (203) 1 490 (11)

Table 12. bond angles Γ for MET-2. c (21)-C(20)-C(17) 114 .1 (3) c (21)-C(20)-C{22) 112 .2 (4) c (17)-C(20)-C(22) 112 .4 (3) c (12)-C(13)-C(18) 110 .1 (3) c (12)-C(13)-C(17) 115 .2 (3) c (18)-C(13)-C(17) 113 .0 (3) c (12)-C(13)-C(14) 108 .1 (3) c (18)-C(13)-C(14) 110 .0 (3) c (17)-C(13)-C(14) 99 .8 (3)

0 (1) -C (1) -C(2) 111 1 (3)

0 (1) -C (1) -C(10) 108 7 (4) c (2)-C(l)-C(10) 109 7 (3) c (16)-C(17)-C(13) 103 5 (3) c (16)-C(17)-C(20) 118 1 (3) c (13)-C(17)-C(20) 115 7 (3) c (5)-C(10)-C(l) 112 3 (3) c (24)-C(23)-C(22) 115 5 (4) c (29) -C(2) -C (3) 123 4 (4) c (29)-C(2)-C(l) 123 4 (4) c (3)-C(2)-C(l) 113 2 (3) c (13)-C(12)-C(11) 111 8 (3) c (8)-C(14)-C(15) 122 2 (3) c (8)-C(14)-C(13) 111 5 (3) c (15)-C(14)-C(13) 103 4 (3) c (30)-C(22)-C(23) 110 6 (4) c (30)-C(22)-C(28) 108 1 (4) c (23)-C(22)-C(28) 109 6 (3) c (30)-C(22)-C(20) 108 7 (3) c 23) -C (22) -C(20) 110 8 (3) c 28)-C(22)-C(20) 109 1 (3) c 6)-C(5)-C(10) 125 2 (4) c 6)-C(5)-C(4) 121 3 (4) c 10)-C(5)-C(4) 113 5 (4)

0 3)-C(3)-C(2) 108 1 (3)

0 3)-C(3)-C(4) 109 9 (3) c 2)-C(3)-C(4) 110 8 4) c 14)-C(15)-C(16) 104 5 3) c 8)-C(9)-C(ll) 112 2 4) c 17)-C(16)-C(15) 106 9 3)

0 25)-C(25)-C(26) 109 6 5)

0 25)-C(25)-C(24) 106 2 4) c 26)-C(25)-C(24) 111 0 5)

0 25)-C(25)-C{27) 105. 5 5) c 26)-C(25)-C(27) 110. 8 6) c 24)-C(25)-C(27) 113. 4 5) c 7)-C(8)-C(14) 124. 1 4) c 7)-C(8)-C(9) 125. 5 4) c 14)-C(8)-C(9) 110. 4 3) c 23)-C(24)-C(25) 115. 6 4) c 9) -C (11) -C (12) 112. 2 3) C(5) -C(4)-C(3)

C(5) -C(6)-C(7)

C(8)-C(7) -C(6)

O(201) -C(202) -C(201)

0 (201) -C (202) -C (203)

C(201) -C(202)-C(203)

Table 13. Anisotropic displacement parameters (A ² x 10 ³ ) for MET-2. The anisotropic displacement factor exponent takes the form "-2n ² \ ² a*2Uu + + 2hka*b*U 1

Uii U ₂ 2 U ₃₃ U ₂ 3 Ui3 U12

0 3) 67 (2) 71 (2) 93 (2) -5 (2) 22 (1) -7 2) c 20) 58 2) 70 (3) 67 (2) -4 (2) 20 (2) -6 2)

0 25) 79 2) 144 (3) 86 (2) 43 (2) 36 (2) 34 2) c (13) 63 (2) 53 (3) 67 (2) -10 (2) 31 (2) -4 2) c (1) 73 (3) 52 (3) 75 (3) -5 (2) 31 (2) -8 2) c (17) 53 (2) 65 (3) 60 (2) -10 (2) 23 (2) -12 (2)

0 (1) 102 (2) 67 (2) 87 (2) -11 (2) 31 (2) -14 (2) c 10) 76 (3) 76 (3) 60 (2) -6 (2) 18 (2) -3 (2) c 23) 65 (2) 79 (3) 65 (2) -1 (2) 25 (2) -7 2) c 2) 62 (2) 73 (3) 63 (2) -7 (2) 21 (2) -5 2) c .12) 88 (3) 74 3) 65 (2) -12 (2) 37 (2) -23 2) c (14) 65 (2) 65 (3) 63 (2) -9 (2) 27 (2) -11 (2) c (22) 61 (2) 79 (3) 64 (2) -9 (2) 21 (2) -16 (2) c (18) 68 (2) 86 (3) 91 (3) -20 (2) 38 (2) -8 (2) c 5) 54 (2) 82 (3) 58 (2) -6 (2) 14 (2) -13 (2) c 3) 68 (2) 76 (3) 59 (2) -4 (2) 24 (2) -9 (2) c 15) 78 (3) 82 (3) 71 (2) -11 (2) 30 (2) -23 (3) c 9) 106 (3) 76 (3) 68 (2) -4 (2) 38 (2) -11 (3) c 16) 73 (3) 80 (3) 73 (2) -7 (2) 26 (2) -26 (2) c 25) 68 (3) 146 (6) 64 (3) 17 (3) 24 (2) 3 (3) c 8) 66 (2) 72 (3) 65 (2) -4 (2) 22 (2) -6 (2) c 30) 152 (5) 58 (3) 103 (3) -15 (3) 70 (3) -17 (3) c 28) 76 (3) 148 (5) 71 (3) -6 (3) 16 (2) -18 (3) c 24) 81 (3) 129 5) 65 (2) -4 (3) 31 (2) -11 (3) c 11) 108 3) 78 3) 76 (3) -16 (2) 49 (3) -37 (3) c 4) 60 2) 97 4) 67 (2) -2 (2) 28 (2) -14 (2) c 27) 75 (4) 156 7) 150 (5) 72 (5) 22 (3) -12 (4) c 6) 60 (2) 84 3) 67 (2) -7 (2) 20 (2) -19 (2) c 21) 88 (3) 94 4) 103 (3) 10 (3) 26 (3) 32 (3) c 26) 137 (5) 337 12) 83 (3) -5 (6) 72 (4) -23 (7) c 7) 65 (2) 81 3) 60 (2) -4 (2) 15 (2) -17 (2) c 29) 125 4) 92 4) 69 (3) -10 (3) 35 (3) -8 (3)

0 201) 123 3) 122 3) 96 (2) -17 (2) 51 (2) -23 (2) c 202) 113 i4) 180 8) 101 (4) -8 (5) 54 (4) -21 (5) c 201) 192 (8) 180 9) 152 (7) 42 (6) 36 (6) 15 (8) c 203) 305 (13) 227 11) 134 (6) -84 (7) 85 (7) -25 (10) Table 14. Hydrogen coordinates (A ² x 10 ⁴ ) and isotropic displacement parameters (A ² x 10 ³ ) for MET-2.

U(eq)

H (3A) 9521 6950 3147 120

H (201) 7360 7457 -2725 80

H (25A) 9621 8007 -3413 153

H (1A) 9733 11326 2636 79

H (17A) 8352 7159 -2035 71

H (IB) 9853 14390 3088 131

H (10A) 8651 12572 2069 88

H (10B) 8963 11988 1569 88

H (23A) 8187 9976 -3499 84

H (23B) 8559 8290 -2999 84

H (12A) 8088 4563 -1405 88

H (12B) 7484 5157 -1683 88

H (14A) 8784 6962 -710 77

H (18A) 7495 8444 -777 119

H (18B) 7241 8859 -1653 119

H (18C) 7693 10260 -1111 119

H (3B) 9203 8917 3885 82

H (15A) 9090 10101 -603 92

H (15B) 8558 11029 -605 92

H (9A) 8338 5027 616 99

H 9B) 8649 4428 116 99

H (16A) 8260 11280 -1864 92

H (16B) 8756 10086 -1867 92

H (30A) 7954 4704 -3709 147

H '30B) 7558 4597 -3304 147

H _V 30C) 8165 5024 -2829 147

H (28A) 7358 7266 -4595 154

H 28B) 7197 9178 -4264 154

H 28C) 6978 7076 -4166 154

H 24A) 8114 8414 -4591 109

H 24B) 8398 6496 -4147 109

H 11A) 7553 5434 -441 100

H 11B) 7783 3335 -517 100

H 4A) 8627 7467 2706 89

H 4B) 8430 9599 2818 89

H 27A) 9317 11395 -4006 201

H 27B) 8937 11432 -3575 201

H 27C) 8699 11600 -4462 201

H 6A) 8522 7041 1487 87

H 21A) 7302 10877 -2527 148

H 21B) 7054 10341 -3393 148

H 21C) 7620 11328 -3030 148

H 26A) 8994 6554 -4776 265

H 26B) 9385 8347 -4679 265

H 26C) 8778 8571 -5205 265

H 7A) 8736 10038 606 86 H(29A) 9444 12086 4440 116

H (29B) 9594 13885 4003 116

H (2 OA) 10540 15801 2672 167

H(20B) 10744 15418 1682 154

H(20C) 10300 18216 1714 278

H(20D) 9753 17079 1362 278

H(20E) 10094 17402 881 278

H (20F) 10095 13823 653 334

H(20G) 9784 13292 1161 334

H (20H) 10351 12378 1348 334

Table 15. Torsion angles fdegl for MET-2.

c (12)-C(13) -C(17)-C(16) -156 5 (4) c (18) -C(13)-C(17)-C(16) 75 8 (4) c (14) -C(13)-C(17)-C(16) -41 0 (4) c (12) -C(13) -C(17) -C(20) 72 7 (5) c (18) -C(13) -C(17) -C(20) -55 1 (4) c (14) -C(13) -C(17) -C(20) -171 9 (3) c (21) -C(20) -C(17) -C(16) -32 0 (5) c (22>-C(20) -C(17) -C(16) 97 2 (4) c (21)-C(20) -C(17) -C(13) 91 5 (5) c (22)-C(20) -C(17)-C(13) -139 3 (4)

0 (1) -C(1) -C(10)-C(5> -174 1 (4) c (2) -C(l) -C(10)-C(5) -52 4 (5)

0 (1) -C (1) -C (2) -C (29) -2 0 (6) c (10) -C(1) -C(2)-C(29) -122 2 (5)

0 (1) -C (1) -C (2) -C (3) 175 1 (4) c (10)-C(1) -C(2)-C(3) 54 9 (5) c (18)-C(13)-C(12)-C(11) -64 5 (5) c (17)-C(13)-C(12) -C(11) 166 3 (3) c (14) -C(13)-C(12) -C(11) 55 7 (4) c (12) -C(13) -C(14) -C(8) -59 9 (4) c (18) -C(13) -C(14) -C(8) 60 3 (5) c (17) -C(13) -C(14) -C(8) 179 4 (3) c (12) -C(13) -C(14) -C(15) 167 1 (3) c (18) -C(13) -C(14) -C(15) -72 7 (4) c (17) -C(13) -C(14)-C(15) 46 3 (4) c (24) -C(23)-C(22)-C(30) 63 6 (5) c (24)-C(23)-C(22)-C(28) -55 4 (5) c (24)-C(23)-C(22)-C(20) -175 9 (4) c 21)-C(20) -C(22)-C(30) -164 4 (4) c 17)-C(20) -C(22)-C(30) 65 4 (4) c 21)-C(20)-C(22) -C(23) 73 9 (4) c 17)-C(20)-C(22) -C(23) -56 3 5) c 21)-C(20) ~C(22) -C(28) -46 8 5) c 17) -C(20) -C(22) -C(28) -177 0 4) c 1)-C(10) -C(5) -C(6) -124 5 4) c 1)-C(10) -C(5) -C(4) 53 4 5) c 29) -C(2) -C(3)-0(3) -118 5 5) c l)-C(2) -C(3) -0(3) 64 5 4) c 29)-C(2) -C(3)-C(4) 121 0 5) c 1) -C (2) -C (3) -C (4) -56 1 4) c 8) -C (14) -C (15) -C (16) -159 9 4) c 13)-C(14)-C(15)-C(16) -33 4 4) c 13) -C(17)-C(16) -C(15) 21 6 4) c 20) -C(17)-C(16) -C(15) 151 0 3) c 14) -C(15)-C(16) -C(17) 7. 3 5) c 15)-C(14)-C(8) -C(7) 2. 0 6) c 13)-C(14)-C(8) -C(7) -120. 8 4) c 15)-C(14) -C(8) -C(9) -177. 6 4) c 13)-C(14) -C(8) -C(9) 59. 6 5) c 11)-C(9) -C(8) -C(7) 125. 6 4) C(ll) -C(9)-C(8)-C(14) -54 , .8 (5)

C(22)-C(23)-C(24)-C(25) -170, .1(4)

0(25)-C(25)-C(24)-C(23) 59, .0 (6)

C(26)-C(25) -C(24) -C(23) 178, ■ 1 (6)

C(27) -C(25)-C(24) -C(23) -56, .4 (6)

C(8)-C(9)-C(ll) -C(12) 51, .6(6)

C(13) -C(12) -C(ll)-C(9) -53, .0 (5)

C(6) -C(5)-C(4) -C(3) 124, .7 (4)

C(10) -C(5) -C(4)-C(3) -53, .3 (5)

0(3) -C(3) -C(4) -C(5) -65. .7 (5)

C(2) -C(3) -C(4) -C(5) 53. • 8 (5)

C(10) -C(5) -C(6)-C(7) -1, .2 (7)

C(4) -C(5)-C(6)-C(7) -179. .0 (4)

C(14) -C(8) -C(7) -C(6) 179. .4 (4)

C(9) -C(8)-C(7)-C(6) -1. .1 (7)

C (5) -C (6) -C (7) -C (8) 179. .2 (4)

Table 16. Observed and calculated structure factors for MET-2.

h k 1 10FO lOFo 10s h k 1 lOFo lOFc 10s h k 1 lOFo lOFc 10s h k 1 lOFo lOFc 10s k 1 lOFo lOFc 10s

16 -6 0 23 6 23 8 2 0 224 220 8 -15 -3 1 173 173 6 0 0 1 381 388 6 -12 4 1 124 117 4 9 -5 0 179 178 8 10 2 0 276 310 10 -13 -3 1 172 175 6 2 0 1 833 936 12 -10 4 1 197 179 4

11 -5 0 59 52 13 12 2 0 175 180 7 -11 -3 1 115 118 5 4 0 1 1025 1083 15 -8 4 1 91 99 4

13 -5 99 92 9 14 2 0 56 63 14 -9 -3 1 240 217 8 6 0 1 570 567 9 -6 4 1 295 284 5

15 -5 0 21 1 18 2 0 194 198 6 -7 -3 1 205 199 8 8 0 1 1171 1214 18 -4 4 1 213 211 4

17 -5 60 46 13 20 2 0 86 102 12 -5 -3 1 348 327 10 10 0 1 73 67 4 -2 4 1 387 390 4

19 -5 23 27 23 22 2 0 76 77 13 -3 -3 1 592 563 18 12 0 1 331 349 8 0 4 1 224 227 3

4 -4 0 167 167 8 24 2 0 110 145 10 -1 -3 1 463 464 10 14 0 1 13 30 13 2 4 1 452 446 5 6 -4 0 204 189 5 26 2 0 23 38 22 1 -3 1 614 614 12 16 0 1 59 53 7 4 4 1 237 239 4 8 -4 0 112 93 8 1 3 0 862 875 14 3 -3 1 295 286 9 18 0 1 215 210 8 6 4 1 54 49 5

10 -4 0 72 88 8 3 3 0 361 364 7 5 -3 1 244 265 9 20 0 1 0 10 1 8 4 1 68 55 5

12 -4 0 183 165 6 7 3 0 457 449 16 7 -3 1 236 224 9 22 0 1 58 SO 20 10 4 1 69 74 5

14 -4 0 196 198 9 9 3 0 222 220 9 9 -3 1 245 235 6 24 0 1 91 86 5 12 4 1 97 91 5

16 -4 0 175 189 8 15 3 0 145 135 11 11 -3 1 122 109 7 -23 1 1 65 87 16 14 4 1 169 156 9

18 -4 0 40 45 24 17 3 0 220 212 8 13 -3 1 157 144 6 -21 1 1 352 352 5 16 4 1 112 138 9

20 -4 0 30 28 30 19 3 0 126 122 9 15 -3 1 72 59 9 -19 1 1 221 213 3 18 4 1 109 114 9 22 -4 0 0 22 1 21 3 0 67 69 15 17 -3 1 171 169 9 -17 1 1 202 194 3 20 4 1 32 31 32

1 -3 0 869 873 18 23 3 0 59 59 16 19 -3 1 52 50 17 -15 1 1 147 143 3 22 4 1 0 11 1 3 -3 0 364 365 11 25 3 0 0 32 1 21 -3 1 72 59 14 -13 1 1 416 412 16 -21 5 1 33 19 33

5 -3 0 400 372 12 0 4 0 429 436 6 23 -3 1 46 46 13 -11 1 1 902 941 20 -19 5 1 0 34 1

7 -3 0 476 447 14 2 4 0 403 390 5 -26 -2 1 61 57 9 -9 1 1 403 389 6 -17 5 1 92 86 10 9 -3 0 232 220 5 4 4 0 170 167 5 -24 -2 1 97 102 16 -7 1 1 587 602 9 -15 5 1 143 128 6

11 -3 0 252 248 6 6 4 0 208 189 4 -22 -2 1 212 217 6 -5 1 1 1112 1157 19 -13 5 1 157 146 5

13 -3 0 126 117 7 8 4 0 111 93 4 -20 -2 1 199 190 5 -3 1 1 965 1044 30 -11 5 1 133 125 5

15 -3 0 138 135 6 10 4 0 77 89 5 -18 -2 1 47 54 10 -1 1 1 1304 1398 16 -9 5 1 41 24 11

17 -3 0 214 212 6 12 4 0 169 165 4 -16 -2 1 214 194 5 1 1 1 1131 1213 15 -7 5 1 110 106 6

19 -3 0 110 122 9 14 4 0 190 198 6 -14 -2 1 274 254 5 3 1 1 395 453 5 -5 5 1 309 295

21 -3 0 71 69 13 16 4 0 184 189 8 -12 -2 1 87 85 6 5 1 1 501 544 7 -3 5 1 147 145

23 -3 0 41 59 24 18 4 0 52 45 18 -10 -2 1 433 429 14 7 1 1 556 601 7 -1 5 1 28 32

25 -3 0 16 32 16 20 4 0 0 28 1 -8 -2 1 134 160 6 9 1 1 322 313 6 1 5 1 90 83 0 -2 0 1263 1370 38 22 4 0 41 22 34 -6 -2 1 255 251 6 11 1 1 175 185 13 3 5 1 26 29 13

-J

2 -2 0 379 408 10 1 5 0 130 130 3 -4 -2 1 474 505 10 13 1 1 363 359 8 5 5 1 119 122 5 4 -2 0 107 94 4 3 5 0 66 73 4 -2 -2 1 245 257 5 15 1 1 412 413 5 7 5 1 97 91 6 -2 0 224 223 6 5 5 0 35 25 12 0 -2 1 731 763 15 17 1 1 46 47 7 9 5 1 110 108

8 -2 0 202 222 13 7 5 0 98 95 6 2 -2 1 266 299 5 19 1 1 162 160 3 11 5 1 130 133 10 -2 0 270 310 22 9 5 0 185 178 4 4 -2 1 303 318 5 21 1 1 29 21 14 13 5 1 80 73

12 -2 0 175 180 4 11 5 0 11 51 10 6 -2 1 476 490 11 26 2 1 48 58 21 15 5 1 113 110 8

14 -2 0 64 62 6 13 5 0 111 93 6 8 -2 1 529 557 37 24 2 1 100 102 10 17 5 1 60 81 10

16 -2 0 136 130 10 15 5 0 27 21 27 10 -2 1 459 504 30 22 2 1 219 218 9 19 5 1 34 60 21

18 -2 0 192 198 5 17 5 0 28 45 28 12 -2 1 124 130 4 20 2 1 199 190 7 -16 6 10 23 10

20 Z 0 112 102 6 19 5 0 22 27 21 14 -2 1 104 89 6 18 2 1 63 52 11 -14 6 0 20 1

22 -2 0 62 77 17 4 6 0 47 57 11 16 -2 1 290 278 7 16 2 1 215 194 6 -12 6 61 61 10

24 -2 0 119 145 6 6 6 0 57 56 6 18 -2 1 393 384 7 10 2 1 436 431 14 -10 6 28 39 24

26 -2 0 0 38 1 8 6 0 47 52 8 20 -2 1 106 120 21 -8 2 1 134 159 7 -8 6 71 79 6

1 -1 0 1074 1170 22 10 6 0 22 12 22 22 -2 1 167 142 -6 2 1 252 250 9 -6 6 34 39 10

3 -1 0 1769 1951 39 12 6 0 45 37 14 24 -2 1 34 23 -2 2 1 249 257 4 -4 6 25 26 25

5 -1 0 1600 1755 36 14 6 0 0 24 1 26 -2 1 40 37 0 2 1 730 762 10 4 6 36 35 9

7 -1 0 967 1006 20 16 6 16 6 16 -27 -1 1 0 7 2 2 1 259 300 3 6 6 89 86 4 9 -1 0 38 38 12 -16 -6 27 23 26 -25 -1 1 105 98 4 2 1 304 317 4 8 6 18 31 18

11 -1 0 201 210 -21 -5 0 18 1 -23 -1 1 97 87 6 2 1 485 489 15 10 6 59 78 8 13 -1 0 262 261 -19 -5 18 35 18 -21 -1 1 349 352 8 2 1 556 557 17 12 6 24 10 23 15 -1 0 273 271 -17 -5 95 86 9 -19 -1 1 221 214 10 2 1 488 503 15 14 6 11 30 10

17 -1 0 232 224 -15 -5 1 135 128 8 -17 -1 1 204 193 12 2 1 134 129 - Ί -16 -6 14 13 14

19 -1 0 311 304 -13 -5 1 142 146 8 -15 -1 1 141 143 14 2 1 103 90 10 -21 -5 75 53 10 21 -1 0 44 41 14 -11 -5 1 131 124 8 -13 -1 1 460 413 16 2 1 285 278 10 -19 -5 91 90 9 23 -1 0 87 76 10 -9 -5 1 18 25 17 -11 -1 1 909 940 20 2 1 108 121 10 -17 -5 65 78 12 25 -1 0 46 45 15 9 -5 1 91 108 9 -9 -1 1 402 390 22 2 1 166 143 9 -15 -5 52 57 17 27 -1 0 43 50 13 11 -5 1 111 133 8 -7 -1 1 583 602 24 2 0 23 1 -13 -5 12 15 12

2 0 0 312 362 4 13 -5 1 54 73 16 -5 -1 1 1075 1157 25 3 54 29 18 -11 -5 117 119 8

4 0 0 117 119 3 15 -5 1 101 110 9 -3 -1 1 951 1044 23 3 33 20 33 -9 -5 172 180 7

6 0 0 308 322 5 17 -5 83 80 10 -1 -1 1 1322 1398 21 3 61 41 17 9 -5 129 118 8

8 0 0 345 323 7 19 -5 53 60 14 1 -1 1 1140 1212 19 3 76 86 13 11 -5 50 32 17 10 0 0 1081 1115 28 -22 -4 71 87 11 3 -1 1 404 455 17 3 91 102 8 13 -5 0 33 1

12 0 0 621 642 13 -20 -4 69 76 12 5 -1 1 507 544 15 3 170 173 11 15 -5 47 32 19 14 0 0 51 44 8 -18 -4 42 63 20 7 -1 1 560 600 13 3 178 175 5 17 -5 44 48 19 16 0 0 42 40 9 -16 -4 11S 100 9 9 -1 1 317 313 11 3 114 118 4 19 -5 56 50 12

18 0 0 50 53 11 -14 -4 69 57 10 11 -1 1 182 183 -9 3 231 218 6 -24 -4 35 14 35

20 0 0 34 31 19 -12 -4 137 117 6 13 -1 1 376 360 -7 3 194 198 8 -22 -4 0 17 1

22 0 0 92 81 7 -10 -4 1 196 179 6 15 -1 1 417 413 6 337 326 8 -20 -4 2 32 23 31 24 0 0 53 52 8 -8 -4 1 102 99 5 17 -1 1 51 47 7 592 563 9 -18 -4 2 66 74 12 26 0 0 14 7 13 -6 -4 1 289 284 6 19 -1 1 164 160 4 479 464 8 -16 -4 2 41 34 29

1 1 0 1075 1172 16 -4 -4 1 202 211 8 21 -1 1 28 21 27 607 614 11 -14 -4 2 46 36 14

3 1 0 1834 1949 56 4 -4 1 231 239 9 23 -1 1 147 117 8 288 285 5 -12 -4 2 104 94 7

5 1 0 1647 1755 25 6 -4 1 45 49 13 25 -1 1 63 65 29 253 265 9 -10 -4 2 106 95 10 7 1 0 952 1005 15 8 -4 1 70 55 8 -26 0 1 78 77 5 236 223 9 -8 -4 2 108 97 5 9 1 0 36 38 4 10 -4 1 77 74 8 -24 0 1 0 12 1 235 236 6 -6 -4 2 0 26 1

11 1 0 199 210 5 12 -4 1 105 91 -22 0 1 105 94 20 118 108 6 -4 -4 2 377 362 13

13 1 0 238 260 9 14 -4 1 174 156 7 -20 0 1 190 175 5 145 144 8 4 -4 2 102 107 8

15 1 0 271 271 4 16 -4 1 144 138 8 -18 0 1 383 366 8 179 169 8 6 -4 2 131 103 5

-J

4- 17 1 0 233 224 4 18 -4 1 110 114 9 -16 0 1 54 57 6 49 50 22 8 -4 2 61 56 11

19 1 0 309 304 4 20 -4 1 28 31 27 -14 0 1 770 744 17 69 59 15 10 -4 2 251 255 6

21 1 0 41 40 9 22 -4 1 23 11 23 -12 0 1 19 32 19 74 46 13 12 -4 2 140 125 7

23 1 0 55 76 19 -25 -3 1 0 29 1 -10 0 1 575 593 17 61 88 16 14 -4 2 27 33 27 0 2 0 1283 1369 22 -23 -3 1 26 19 26 -8 0 1 543 599 9 66 75 14 16 -4 2 42 13 25 2 2 0 371 406 6 -21 -3 1 43 42 27 -6 0 1 2059 2218 45 47 64 21 18 -4 2 114 132 8

4 2 0 102 94 6 -19 -3 1 100 87 10 -4 0 1 1538 1686 33 112 100 10 20 -4 2 38 58 32

6 2 0 233 223 8 -17 -3 1 104 102 7 -2 0 1 417 443 8 59 56 8 22 -4 2 20 19 19 -25 -3 2 0 15 1 -8 0 2 909 967 21 21 3 2 55 56 18 74 77 12 -14 0 3 214 230 4 -23 -3 2 48 24 20 -6 0 2 2200 2323 38 23 3 2 34 45 33 38 25 30 -12 0 3 313 309 6 -21 -3 2 86 93 11 -4 0 2 598 601 9 -24 4 2 41 14 31 61 63 9 -10 0 3 360 335 5 -19 -3 2 103 110 10 -2 0 2 670 726 10 -22 4 2 0 17 1 0 35 1 -8 0 3 1125 1138 19 -17 -3 2 153 146 7 0 0 2 1279 1357 22 -20 4 2 12 22 12 58 53 15 -6 0 3 1022 1054 15

15 -3 2 90 80 7 2 585 617 9 -18 4 2 74 74 13 19 -3 3 121 114 9 -4 0 3 227 229 3

13 -3 2 162 158 5 4 1340 1409 20 -16 4 2 7 34 6 17 -3 3 161 151 6 -2 0 3 1111 1236 17

11 -3 2 334 343 8 6 1056 1084 16 -14 4 2 33 36 17 15 -3 3 86 82 7 0 0 3 744 848 11

-9 -3 2 201 191 8 8 23 31 12 -12 4 2 97 94 5 13 -3 3 237 228 8 2 0 3 1244 1255 19

-7 -3 2 764 740 23 10 71 61 5 -10 4 2 103 95 4 11 -3 3 372 350 8 4 0 3 222 277 4

-5 -3 2 714 680 21 12 520 511 17 -8 4 2 103 96 4 -9 -3 3 362 315 12 6 0 3 9 2 9

-3 -3 2 541 545 16 14 357 365 6 -6 4 2 21 26 21 -7 -3 3 340 301 10 8 0 3 318 290 6

-1 -3 2 523 549 11 16 302 295 5 -4 4 2 396 362 7 -5 -3 3 219 236 8 10 0 3 872 844 15

1 -3 2 179 169 4 18 68 57 17 -2 4 2 234 231 2 -3 -3 3 314 326 10 12 0 3 65 71 6

3 -3 2 384 372 12 20 168 173 6 0 4 2 161 158 2 -1 -3 3 474 491 10 14 0 3 168 161 3

5 -3 2 543 516 16 22 53 44 11 2 4 2 397 387 4 1 -3 3 248 236 6 16 0 3 48 11 8

7 -3 ^' 2 195 188 8 24 16 38 16 12 4 2 133 125 5 3 -3 3 46 52 15 18 0 3 169 177 6

9 -3 2 108 87 8 -23 123 155 9 14 4 2 28 33 27 5 -3 3 100 106 8 20 0 3 221 221 6

11 -3 2 224 226 6 -21 188 174 3 16 4 2 33 13 33 7 -3 3 217 212 8 22 0 3 36 17 31

13 -3 2 226 210 6 -19 0 19 1 18 4 2 138 132 8 9 -3 3 76 67 7 24 0 3 25 18 24

15 -3 2 175 163 7 -17 104 86 4 20 4 2 36 58 36 11 -3 3 294 298 7 -23 1 3 63 63 6

17 -3 2 128 115 9 -15 76 74 6 22 4 2 0 19 1 13 -3 3 120 114 8 -21 1 3 80 78 4

19 -3 2 101 124 10 -13 352 405 16 -21 5 2 62 53 14 15 -3 3 193 170 7 -19 1 3 50 44 5

21 -3 2 68 56 13 -11 ^• 792 818 18 -19 5 2 68 90 26 17 -3 3 171 195 8 -17 1 3 71 67 3

23 -3 2 0 45 1 -9 323 318 6 -17 5 2 68 78 10 19 -3 3 76 77 12 -15 1 3 217 211 4 26 -2 2 35 60 28 -7 290 295 4 -15 5 2 58 57 10 21 -3 3 115 109 8 -13 1 3 307 277 7

24 -2 2 90 122 17 -5 682 732 10 -13 5 2 0 15 1 23 -3 3 20 22 20 -11 1 3 395 389 6

22 -2 2 111 113 16 -3 685 708 9 -11 5 2 127 118 11 28 -2 3 58 55 14 -9 1 3 190 197 3

20 -2 2 62 31 9 -1 210 235 3 -9 5 2 183 181 6 26 -2 3 69 81 8 -7 1 3 514 543 7

-18 -2 2 131 131 6 1 1 2 806 847 11 -7 5 2 184 179 4 24 -2 3 69 79 15 -5 1 3 649 696 9

-16 -2 2 110 115 5 3 1 2 743 795 10 -5 5 2 148 138 4 22 -2 3 118 94 8 -3 1 3 1714 1799 23

-14 -2 2 240 231 5 5 2 483 506 6 -3 5 2 36 37 8 20 -2 3 92 70 5 -1 1 3 829 881 14

-12 -2 2 406 382 9 7 1 2 514 546 7 -1 5 2 107 103 3 18 -2 3 127 115 5 1 1 3 235 237 3

-10 -2 2 337 359 10 9 1 2 149 155 4 1 5 2 113 118 3 16 -2 3 179 174 5 3 1 3 94 86 2

-8 -2 2 281 276 13 11 1 2 362 383 14 3 5 2 74 75 5 14 -2 3 138 124 8 5 1 3 248 228 3

-6 -2 2 363 343 8 13 1 2 270 290 5 5 5 2 110 102 4 12 -2 3 102 96 6 7 1 3 129 129 4

-4 -2 2 155 160 3 15 1 2 173 162 7 5 2 26 51 26 10 -2 3 793 938 23 9 1 3 318 343 8

-2 -2 2 350 360 17 1 2 262 253 9 5 2 139 118 5 -8 -2 3 395 397 28 11 1 3 117 105 4

0 -2 2 328 334 19 1 2 391 384 11 5 2 10 32 10 -6 -2 3 152 167 5 13 1 3 224 221 4

2 -2 2 403 425 21 1 2 50 46 13 5 2 0 32 1 -4 -2 3 181 173 4 15 1 3 287 269 4

-4 4 -2 2 235 216 -26 2 2 49 60 21 15 5 2 40 32 16 -2 -2 3 452 478 9 17 1 3 62 56 6

£ -2 2 329 334 -24 2 2 102 122 10 17 5 2 44 48 25 0 -2 3 283 274 6 19 1 3 94 97 5

8 -2 2 252 273 18 -22 2 2 114 114 10 19 5 2 36 50 35 2 -2 3 410 412 15 21 1 3 104 107 4

10 -2 2 258 257 7 -20 2 2 50 32 17 -16 6 2 2 13 1 4 -2 3 179 185 4 -26 2 3 81 81 12

12 -2 2 344 339 6 -18 2 2 125 131 6 -14 6 2 38 36 19 6 -2 3 41 45 6 -24 2 3 61 79 17

14 -2 2 180 174 6 -16 2 2 110 115 6 -12 6 2 33 28 32 8 -2 3 394 395 24 -22 2 3 112 95 10

16 -2 2 112 102 7 -14 2 2 236 231 6 -10 6 2 0 21 1 10 -2 3 170 167 4 -20 2 3 87 71 16

18 -2 2 146 142 13 -12 2 2 396 381 9 -8 6 2 0 35 1 12 -2 3 223 212 6 -18 2 3 126 115 7

20 -2 2 131 147 14 -10 2 2 311 361 19 -6 6 2 17 41 17 14 -2 3 50 42 13 -16 2 3 182 174 5

22 -2 2 48 43 12 -8 2 2 281 274 16 -4 6 2 15 19 15 16 -2 3 126 142 7 -14 2 3 137 124 12

24 -2 2 40 38 17 -6 2 2 369 342 8 4 6 2 43 48 6 18 -2 3 140 136 10 -12 2 3 99 96 9

-27 -1 2 57 64 23 -4 2 2 167 160 4 6 6 2 50 51 7 20 -2 3 140 155 12 -10 2 3 767 938 24

-25 -1 2 83 70 10 -2 2 2 347 358 4 8 6 2 38 29 11 22 -2 3 32 51 32 -8 2 3 402 398 22

23 -1 2 120 155 0 2 2 321 335 10 6 20 20 20 24 -2 3 50 47 11 -6 2 3 153 167 21 -1 2 192 174 2 2 2 413 426 12 6 0 18 1 27 -1 3 130 110 6 -4 2 3 183 171 19 -1 2 0 18 4 2 2 233 215 14 6 48 38 12 25 -1 3 27 15 26 -2 2 3 441 477 17 -1 2 97 87 6 2 2 327 334 -16 -6 45 20 15 23 -1 3 38 63 16 0 2 3 273 276 15 -1 2 65 74 8 2 2 271 272 -21 -5 52 18 13 21 -1 3 73 78 6 2 2 3 406 413 13 -1 2 370 405 10 2 2 259 257 -19 -5 45 44 18 19 -1 3 36 44 11 4 2 3 172 185 11 -1 2 813 818 14 12 2 2 346 340 -17 -5 0 30 1 17 -1 3 72 66 4 6 2 3 40 45 -9 -1 2 325 320 6 14 2 2 178 174 -15 -5 33 58 32 15 -1 3 217 211 6 8 2 3 394 394 -7 -1 2 288 296 5 16 2 2 93 102 11 -13 -5 122 154 8 13 -1 3 323 277 6 10 2 3 172 166 -5 -1 2 685 732 12 20 2 2 126 147 9 -11 -5 102 105 8 11 -1 3 412 390 8 12 2 3 223 211 -3 -1 2 654 708 12 22 2 2 15 42 14 -9 -5 20 16 20 -9 -1 3 186 196 4 14 2 3 51 42 -1 -1 2 205 233 4 24 2 6 38 6 9 -5 157 156 8 -7 -1 3 530 541 9 16 2 3 127 142 1 -1 2 815 849 15 -25 3 22 15 22 11 -5 66 56 13 -5 -1 3 661 696 11 20 2 3 127 155 3 -1 2 759 794 13 -23 3 27 24 26 13 -5 148 141 8 -3 -1 3 1674 1797 32 22 2 3 47 51 20 5 -1 2 492 505 8 -21 3 90 93 12 15 -5 50 53 16 -1 -1 3 809 881 14 24 2 33 47 33 7 -1 2 522 546 14 -19 3 96 109 11 17 -5 44 50 19 1 -1 3 231 236 4 -25 3 38 63 38 9 -.1 2 162 156 4 -17 3 143 147 12 -24 -4 33 12 33 3 -1 3 93 86 4 -23 3 32 35 32 11 -1 2 381 386 -15 3 84 80 13 -22 -4 54 32 16 5 -1 3 244 228 5 -21 3 45 53 29 13 -1 2 274 291 -13 3 159 158 6 -20 -4 0 28 1 7 -1 3 130 129 5 -19 3 103 113 11 15 -1 2 172 162 -11 3 326 343 6 -18 -4 60 46 13 9 -1 3 338 343 6 -17 3 161 152 6 17 -1 2 270 253 -9 3 197 189 6 -16 -4 64 78 13 11 -1 3 125 105 4 -15 3 76 82 7 19 -1 2 388 384 -7 3 768 740 17 -14 -4 0 21 1 13 -1 3 219 221 4 -13 3 224 227 5 21 -1 2 23 45 22 -5 3 706 681 15 -12 -4 104 106 6 15 -1 3 284 270 5 -11 3 360 350 7 23 -1 2 87 76 10 -3 3 545 546 9 -10 -4 175 167 5 17 -1 3 55 57 8 -9 3 366 316 8

25 -1 2 17 14 16 -1 3 2 519 550 17 -8 -4 3 148 135 5 19 -1 3 95 97 9 -7 3 3 330 302 8

-26 0 2 43 34 9 1 3 2 166 172 4 -6 -4 3 121 119 5 21 -1 3 106 107 11 -5 3 3 220 237 6

-24 0 2 135 129 6 3 3 2 384 371 7 -4 -4 3 164 143 7 23 -1 3 69 65 12 -3 3 3 324 326 6

-22 0 2 41 49 41 5 3 2 521 517 18 4 -4 3 272 273 6 25 -1 3 57 43 10 -1 3 3 481 492 14

-20 0 2 76 62 6 7 3 2 185 188 9 6 -4 3 61 56 20 26 0 3 35 27 35 1 3 3 234 237 5

-18 0 2 115 91 6 9 3 2 106 87 7 8 -4 3 156 171 6 24 0 3 47 44 12 3 3 3 46 53 4

-16 0 2 174 176 3 11 3 2 224 226 6 10 -4 3 35 31 25 22 0 3 0 6 1 5 3 3 102 106 4

-14 0 2 213 236 4 13 3 2 228 210 8 12 -4 3 158 156 13 20 0 3 15 9 14 7 3 3 218 211 8

-12 0 2 266 266 5 17 3 2 122 115 10 14 -4 3 202 206 8 18 0 3 87 83 4 9 3 3 77 68 6

-10 0 2 881 931 13 19 3 2 96 124 10 16 -4 3 189 196 8 16 0 3 138 114 3 11 3 3 307 298

13 3 3 114 114 10 14 -4 93 77 11 -16 0 4 117 118 5 9 3 4 99 99 7 -27 -3 86 76

-J

CO 15 3 3 201 169 9 16 -4 15 35 14 -14 0 4 261 266 5 11 3 4 102 107 10 -25 -3 88 76

19 3 3 81 77 12 18 -4 54 51 16 -12 0 4 547 540 9 13 3 4 108 96 10 -23 -3 0 23

21 3 3 80 109 12 20 -4 18 35 18 -10 0 4 24 15 13 15 3 4 227 228 9 -21 -3 30 18 30

23 3 3 35 22 35 -27 -3 48 39 11 -8 0 4 834 878 15 19 3 4 26 4 25 -19 -3 70 65 20

-24 4 3 0 12 1 -25 -3 20 23 19 -6 0 4 80 82 3 21 3 4 50 55 19 -17 -3 92 80 13

-22 4 3 31 32 31 -23 -3 17 31 17 -4 0 4 1279 1392 23 24 4 4 0 32 1 -15 -3 69 72 8

-20 4 3 35 28 35 -21 -3 178 154 8 -2 0 4 315 357 5 22 4 4 61 35 17 -13 -3 255 231 6

-18 4 3 56 46 18 -19 -3 12 2 11 0 0 4 1116 1209 17 20 4 4 45 35 24 -11 -3 349 338 7

-16 4 3 57 78 17 -17 -3 70 77 14 2 0 4 444 445 7 18 4 4 87 85 11 -9 -3 360 349 7

-14 4 3 0 21 1 -15 -3 139 130 6 4 0 4 135 130 3 16 4 4 168 153 9 -7 -3 244 225 8

-12 4 3 101 105 5 -13 -3 99 104 6 6 0 4 185 185 3 14 4 4 191 198 5 -5 -3 160 143 7

-10 4 3 173 168 4 -11 -3 284 269 6 8 0 4 770 754 13 12 4 4 81 86 5 -3 -3 262 276 6

-8 4 3 140 135 4 -9 -3 146 162 8 10 0 4 564 516 10 10 4 4 0 22 1 -1 -3 21 26 20

CO CO ID r in o CM CO in H H CO C- o CN CO ^■ a ¹

H H H CM H H H

o O o CO CM H O CO r~ O H m o in CO CM r~ CO IN CO r~ O co CO H n rt H H m o IN CO CN CN U) ro o

M CM H H CO ro in CM

in LO in n in in n in in in m m in in in in in in in in in in in in ro ro CO ro CO rO CO O O ro M CN CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CN CN CM CN

1 t 1 1 1 1

H ro m c-~ co H ro in CO H CO CM o CO ω *T CM o CO

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·* [00029] References

[00030] I. CrysAlis RED, Oxford Diffraction Ltd., Version 1.171.28cycle2 beta (release 25-10-2005 CrysAlisl71.NET) (compiled Oct 25 2005,08:50:05). Empirical absorption correction using spherical harmonics, implemented in SCALE3 ABSPACK scaling algorithm.

[00031] 2. CrysAlis CCD, Oxford Diffraction Ltd., Version 1.171.28cycle2 beta; CrysAlis RED, Oxford Diffraction Ltd., Version 1.171.28cycle2 beta.

[00032] 3. G. M. Sheldrick, Acta Crystallogr. 1990, A46, 467-473.

[00033] 4. G. M. Sheldrick, SHELXL93. Program for the Reminement of Crystal

Structures., Univ. of Gottingen, Germany.

[00034] 5. International Tables for Crystallography, Ed. A. J. C. Wilson,

KluwenDordrecth, 1992, Vol.C.

EXAMPLE 3

[00035] Synthesis of MET- 1 and MET-2

[00036] The preparation of MET- 1 and MET-2 having the basic structures I and II can be accomplished by a common general method otherwise referred to as the condensation of a bicyclic Windaus-Grundmann type ketone Ilia or Illb with the allylic phosphine oxide IV to the corresponding 2 -methylene- 19-nor- vitamin D analog Va or Vb followed by deprotection at C-l and C-3 in the latter compound Va or Vb to obtain compound I (MET-1) or compound II (MET- 2).

[00037] In phosphine oxide IV, Yi and Y ₂ are preferably hydroxy-protecting groups such as silyl protecting groups. The t-butyldimethylsilyl (TMDMS) group is an example of a particularly useful hydroxy-protecting group. The process described above represents an application of the convergent synthesis concept, which has been applied effectively to the preparation of numerous vitamin D compounds. (See Lythgoe et al, J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. I, 590 (1978); Lythgoe, Chem. Soc. Rev. 9, 449 (1983); Toh et al, J. Org. Chem. 48, 1414 (1983); Baggiolini et al, J. Org. Chem. 51, 3098 (1986); Sardina et al, J. Org. Chem. 51, 1264 (1986); J. Org. Chem. 51, 1269 (1986); DeLuca et al, U.S. Pat. No. 5,086,191; DeLuca et al, U.S. Pat. No. 5,536,713; and DeLuca et al, U.S. Pat. No. 5,843,928 all of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety and for all purposes as if fully set forth herein).

[00038] Phosphine oxide IV is a convenient reagent that can be used to prepare a large number of 19-nor- vitamin D compounds and is prepared according to the procedures described by Sicinski et al, J. Med. Chem., 41, 4662 (1998); DeLuca et al, U.S. Pat. No. 5,843,928; Permian et al, Tetrahedron Lett. 32, 7663 (1991); and DeLuca et al, U.S. Pat. No. 5,086, 191 ; which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety as if fully set forth herein.

[00039] An overall process for the synthesis of compounds I and II is illustrated and described more completely in U.S. Pat. No. 5,843,928 entitled "2-Alkylidene-19-Nor- Vitamin D Compounds" and in US patent application Ser. No. 13/053,844 filed March 22, 2011, entitled ⁿ (20S)-2-Methylene-19-Nor-22-Dimethyl-l ,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D ₃ and (20R)-2- Methylene-19-Nor-22-Dimethyl-l ,25-Hydroxyvitamin D ₃ " published as U.S. Publication No. US 2011/0237556A1 the specification of which is specifically incorporated herein by reference.