TITLE

NOVEL CYCLIC N-CARBOXAMIDE COMPOUNDS USEFUL AS HERBICIDES

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This disclosure relates to certain imidazolidinones, their N-oxides, salts and compositions, and methods of their use for controlling undesirable vegetation.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The control of undesired vegetation is extremely important in achieving high crop efficiency. Achievement of selective control of the growth of weeds especially in such useful crops as rice, soybean, sugar beet, maize, potato, wheat, barley, tomato and plantation crops, among others, is very desirable. Unchecked weed growth in such useful crops can cause significant reduction in productivity and thereby result in increased costs to the consumer. The control of undesired vegetation in noncrop areas is also important. Many products are commercially available for these purposes, but the need continues for new compounds that are more effective, less costly, less toxic, environmentally safer or have different sites of action.

WO2015/084796 discloses certain herbicidal compounds of formula i

w _{herein inter alia Y} ¹ _{and Y} ² _{are each O; R} ¹ _{is H or C1–C6 alkyl; R} ² _{, R} ³ _{, R} ⁴ _{, R} ⁵ _{and R} ⁶ _{are each H; Q} ¹ _{and Q} ² _{are, independently, a phenyl ring optionally substituted with up to 5 substituent independently selected from R} ¹⁰ _{; and R} ¹⁰ _{is independently halogen. The cyclic} N-carboxamides of the present invention are not disclosed in this publication. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

This invention is directed to a compound of Formula 1 (including all stereoisomers), including N-oxides and salts thereof, agricultural compositions containing them and their use as herbicides:

wherein

Q ¹ _{is a phenyl ring or a naphthalenyl ring system, each ring or ring system optionally substituted with up to 5 substituents independently selected from R} ⁶ _{; or a 4- to} 7-membered heterocyclic ring or an 8- to 10-membered bicyclic ring system, each ring or ring system containing ring members selected from carbon atoms and 1 to 4 heteroatoms independently selected from up to 2 O, up to 2 S and up to 4 N atoms, wherein up to 3 carbon ring members are independently selected from C(=O) and C(=S), and the sulfur atom ring members are independently s ^{elected from S(=O)} _u ^(=NR7) _v ^{, each ring or ring system optionally substituted} w _{ith up to 5 substituents independently selected from R} ⁶ _{on carbon atom ring members and selected from R} ⁸ _{on nitrogen atom ring members;}

Q ² _{is a phenyl ring or a naphthalenyl ring system, each ring or ring system optionally substituted with up to 5 substituents independently selected from R} ⁹ _{; or a 4- to} 7-membered heterocyclic ring or an 8- to 10-membered bicyclic ring system, each ring or ring system containing ring members selected from carbon atoms and 1 to 4 heteroatoms independently selected from up to 2 O, up to 2 S and up to 4 N atoms, wherein up to 3 carbon ring members are independently selected from C(=O) and C(=S), and the sulfur atom ring members are independently s ^{elected from S(=O)} _u ^(=NR7) _v ^{, each ring or ring system optionally substituted} w _{ith up to 5 substituents independently selected from R} ⁹ _{on carbon atom ring members and selected from R} ¹⁰ _{on nitrogen atom ring members;}

J _is–CR ² _R ³ _{– or–CR} ² _R ³ _–CR ^2a _R ^3a _{– (where the bond projecting to the left is}

connected to G);

G _{is–O–,–N(R} ¹ _{)– or–C(R} ¹⁸ _)(R ¹⁹ _)–;

Y ¹ _{is O, S or NR} ¹¹ _;

Y ² _{is O or S;} ^{R1 is H, hydroxy, amino, cyano, formyl, C} ₃ ^–C ₈ ^{alkylcarbonylalkyl, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ ^{alkyl, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ ^{haloalkyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₆ ^{alkenyl, C} ₃ ^–C ₆ ^{alkynyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₆ ^{cyanoalkyl, C} ₃ ^–C ₆ c ^{ycloalkyl, C} ₄ ^–C ₈ ^{cycloalkylalkyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{alkoxyalkyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{haloalkoxyalkyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{haloalkenylalkyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{alkylthioalkyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{alkylsulfinylalkyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ a ^{lkylsulfonylalkyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{alkylcarbonyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{haloalkylcarbonyl, C} ₄ ^–C ₁₀ c ^{ycloalkylcarbonyl, C} ₅ ^–C ₁₀ ^{cycloalkylcarbonylalkyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈

h ^{aloalkoxycarbonyl, C} ₄ ^–C ₁₀ ^{cycloalkoxycarbonyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{alkylaminocarbonyl, C} ₃ ^–C ₁₀ ^{dialkylaminocarbonyl, C} ₄ ^–C ₁₀ ^{cycloalkylaminocarbonyl, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ ^{alkoxy, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ ^{alkylthio, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ ^{haloalkylthio, C} ₃ ^–C ₈ ^{cycloalkylthio, C} ₁ ^–C ₆

a ^{lkylsulfinyl, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ ^{haloalkylsulfinyl, C} ₃ ^–C ₈ ^{cycloalkylsulfinyl, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ a ^{lkylsulfonyl, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ ^{haloalkylsulfonyl, C} ₃ ^–C ₈ ^{cycloalkylsulfonyl, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ a ^{lkylaminosulfonyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{dialkylaminosulfonyl or C} ₃ ^–C ₁₀ ^{trialkylsilyl; or Q3;} o _r–W ¹ _Q ³ _;

R ^{2 and R3 are each independently H, halogen, hydroxy, C} ₁ ^–C ₄ ^{alkyl, C} ₁ ^–C ₄ ^{haloalkyl or C} ₁ ^–C ₄ ^alkoxy;

R ^{2a and R3a are each independently H, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ ^{alkyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₆ ^{alkenyl, C} ₃ ^–C ₆ ^{alkynyl or C} ₁ ^–C ₆ ^alkoxy;

R ^{4 is H, halogen, hydroxy, C} ₁ ^–C ₄ ^{alkoxy, C} ₁ ^–C ₄ ^{haloalkyl or C} ₁ ^–C ₄ ^alkyl;

R ^{5 is H, hydroxy, amino, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ ^{alkyl, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ ^{haloalkyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₆ ^{alkenyl, C} ₃ ^–C ₆

a ^{lkynyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{alkoxyalkyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{haloalkoxyalkyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{alkylthioalkyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{alkylsulfinylalkyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{alkylsulfonylalkyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{alkylcarbonyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{haloalkylcarbonyl, C} ₄ ^–C ₁₀ ^{cycloalkylcarbonyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{alkoxycarbonyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{haloalkoxycarbonyl, C} ₄ ^–C ₁₀ ^{cycloalkoxycarbonyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈

a ^{lkylaminocarbonyl, C} ₃ ^–C ₁₀ ^{dialkylaminocarbonyl, C} ₄ ^–C ₁₀

c ^{ycloalkylaminocarbonyl, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ ^{alkoxy, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ ^{alkylthio, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ ^{haloalkylthio, C} ₃ ^–C ₈ ^{cycloalkylthio, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ ^{alkylsulfinyl, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ ^{haloalkylsulfinyl, C} ₃ ^–C ₈ c ^{ycloalkylsulfinyl, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ ^{alkylsulfonyl, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ ^{haloalkylsulfonyl, C} ₃ ^–C ₈ c ^{ycloalkylsulfonyl, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ ^{alkylaminosulfonyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{dialkylaminosulfonyl or} C ₃ –C ₁₀ trialkylsilyl; or Q ⁴ ; or–W ² Q ⁴ ;

each R ⁶ and R ⁹ is independently halogen, hydroxy, cyano, nitro, amino, C ₁ –C ₈ alkyl, C ₁ ^–C ₈ ^{cyanoalkyl, C} ₁ ^–C ₈ ^{cyanoalkoxy, C} ₁ ^–C ₈ ^{haloalkyl, C} ₁ ^–C ₈ ^{nitroalkyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{alkenyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{haloalkenyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{nitroalkenyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{alkynyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ h ^{aloalkynyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{alkoxyalkyl, C} ₃ ^–C ₈ ^{alkoxyalkoxyalkyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈

h ^{aloalkoxyalkyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{haloalkoxyhaloalkoxy, C} ₄ ^–C ₁₀ ^{cycloalkylalkyl, C} ₄ ^–C ₁₀ h ^{alocycloalkylalkyl, C} ₅ ^–C ₁₂ ^{alkylcycloalkylalkyl, C} ₅ ^–C ₁₂ ^{cycloalkylalkenyl, C} ₅ ^–C ₁₂ ^{cycloalkylalkynyl, C} ₃ ^–C ₈ ^{cycloalkyl, C} ₃ ^–C ₈ ^{halocycloalkyl, C} ₄ ^–C ₁₀ a ^{lkylcycloalkyl, C} ₆ ^–C ₁₂ ^{cycloalkylcycloalkyl, C} ₃ ^–C ₈ ^{cycloalkenyl, C} ₃ ^–C ₈ h ^{alocycloalkenyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{haloalkoxyalkoxy, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{alkoxyalkoxy, C} ₄ ^–C ₁₀ ^{cycloalkoxyalkyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{alkylthioalkyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{alkylsulfinylalkyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ a ^{lkylsulfonylalkyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{alkylamino, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{dialkylamino, C} ₂ ^–C ₈

h ^{alodialkylamino, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{alkylaminoalkyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{haloalkylaminoalkyl, C} ₄ ^–C ₁₀ c ^{ycloalkylaminoalkyl, C} ₃ ^–C ₁₀ ^{dialkylaminoalkyl, -CHO, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{alkylcarbonyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{haloalkylcarbonyl, C} ₄ ^–C ₁₀ ^{cycloalkylcarbonyl, -C(=O)OH, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ a ^{lkoxycarbonyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{haloalkoxycarbonyl, C} ₄ ^–C ₁₀ ^{cycloalkoxycarbonyl, C} ₅ ^–C ₁₂ ^{cycloalkylalkoxycarbonyl, -C(=O)NH} ₂ ^{, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{alkylaminocarbonyl, C} ₄ ^–C ₁₀ ^{cycloalkylaminocarbonyl, C} ₃ ^–C ₁₀ ^{dialkylaminocarbonyl, C} ₁ ^–C ₈ ^{alkoxy, C} ₁ ^–C ₈ ^{haloalkoxy, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{alkoxyalkoxy, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{alkenyloxy, C} ₂ ^–C ₈

h ^{aloalkenyloxy, C} ₃ ^–C ₈ ^{alkynyloxy, C} ₃ ^–C ₈ ^{haloalkynyloxy, C} ₃ ^–C ₈ ^{cycloalkoxy, C} ₃ ^–C ₈ ^{halocycloalkoxy, C} ₄ ^–C ₁₀ ^{cycloalkylalkoxy, C} ₃ ^–C ₁₀ ^{alkylcarbonylalkoxy, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{alkylcarbonyloxy, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{haloalkylcarbonyloxy, C} ₄ ^–C ₁₀

c ^{ycloalkylcarbonyloxy, C} ₁ ^–C ₈ ^{alkylsulfonyloxy, C} ₁ ^–C ₈ ^{haloalkylsulfonyloxy, C} ₁ ^–C ₈ ^{alkylthio, C} ₁ ^–C ₈ ^{haloalkylthio, C} ₃ ^–C ₈ ^{cycloalkylthio, C} ₁ ^–C ₈

a ^{lkylsulfinyl, C} ₁ ^–C ₈ ^{haloalkylsulfinyl, C} ₁ ^–C ₈ ^{alkylsulfonyl, C} ₁ ^–C ₈

h ^{aloalkylsulfonyl, C} ₃ ^–C ₈ ^{cycloalkylsulfonyl, formylamino, C} ₂ ^–C ₈

a ^{lkylcarbonylamino, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{haloalkylcarbonylamino, C} ₃ ^–C ₈ ^{cycloalkylamino, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{alkoxycarbonylamino, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ ^{alkylsulfonylamino, C} ₁ ^–C ₆

h ^{aloalkylsulfonylamino, -SF} ₅ ^{, -SCN, SO} ₂ ^NH ₂ ^{, C} ₃ ^–C ₁₂ ^{trialkylsilyl, C} ₄ ^–C ₁₂ trialkylsilylalkyl or C ₄ –C ₁₂ trialkylsilylalkoxy; or Q ⁵ ; or–W ³ Q ⁵ ;

e ^{ach R7 is independently H, cyano, C} ₂ ^–C ₃ ^{alkylcarbonyl or C} ₂ ^–C ₃ ^{haloalkylcarbonyl; each R8 and R10 is independently cyano, C} ₁ ^–C ₃ ^{alkyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₃ ^{alkenyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₃ ^{alkynyl, C} ₃ ^–C ₆ ^{cycloalkyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₃ ^{alkoxyalkyl, C} ₁ ^–C ₃ ^{alkoxy, C} ₂ ^–C ₃ ^{alkylcarbonyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₃ ^{alkoxycarbonyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₃ ^{alkylaminoalkyl or C} ₃ ^–C ₄ ^{dialkylaminoalkyl; each R11 is independently H, cyano, hydroxy, CHO, C} ₁ ^–C ₄ ^{alkyl, C} ₁ ^–C ₄ ^{haloalkyl, C} ₁ ^–C ₄ ^{alkoxy, C} ₂ ^–C ₆ ^{alkylcarbonyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₆ ^{haloalkylcarbonyl, -(C=O)CH} ₃ o ^{r -(C=O)CF} ₃ ^;

W ^{1 is–O–,–OS(=O)} ₂ ^{–,–C(=O)–, C} ₁ ^–C ₃ ^{alkanediyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₃ ^{alkenediyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₃

a ^{lkynediyl,–C(=O)(C} ₁ ^–C ₃ ^{alkyl)–,–C(=O)(C} ₂ ^–C ₃ ^{alkenyl)–,–C(=O)(C} ₁ ^–C ₄ alkynyl)–;

W ^{2 is–O–,–OS(=O)} ₂ ^{–,–C(=O)– or C} ₁ ^–C ₃ ^alkanediyl;

W ^{3 is–O–,–OS(=O)} ₂ ^{–,–C(=O)– or C} ₁ ^–C ₃ ^alkanediyl;

e ^{ach Q3 is alkyl) phenyl optionally substituted on ring members} w _{ith up to 5 substituents independently selected from R} ¹² _{; or a 5- or 6-} membered heteroaromatic ring, each optionally substituted on ring members with u _{p to 5 substituents independently selected from R} ¹² _{and on nitrogen ring members with up to 2 substituents independently selected from R} ¹⁵ _{; each Q} ⁴ _{is phenyl optionally substituted on ring members with up to 5 substituents independently selected from R} ¹³ _{; or a 5- or 6-membered heteroaromatic ring,} each optionally substituted on ring members with up to 5 substituents i _{ndependently selected from R} ¹³ _{and on nitrogen ring members with up to 2 substituents independently selected from R} ¹⁶ _;

e _{ach Q} ⁵ _{is phenyl optionally substituted on ring members with up to 5 substituents independently selected from R} ¹⁴ _{; or a 5- or 6-membered heteroaromatic ring,} each optionally substituted on carbon ring members with up to 5 substituents i _{ndependently selected from R} ¹⁴ _{and on nitrogen ring members with up to 2 substituents independently selected from R} ¹⁷ _;

e _{ach R} ¹² _{, R} ¹³ _{and R} ¹⁴ _{is independently halogen, cyano, hydroxy, amino,}

n ^{itro, -CHO, -C(=O)OH, -C(=O)NH} ₂ ^{, -SO} ₂ ^NH ₂ ^{, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ ^{alkyl, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ ^{haloalkyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₆ ^{alkenyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₆ ^{alkynyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{alkylcarbonyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{haloalkylcarbonyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{alkoxycarbonyl, C} ₄ ^–C ₁₀ ^{cycloalkoxycarbonyl, C} ₅ ^–C ₁₂

c ^{ycloalkylalkoxycarbonyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{alkylaminocarbonyl, C} ₃ ^–C ₁₀

d ^{ialkylaminocarbonyl, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ ^{alkoxy, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ ^{haloalkoxy, C} ₂ ^–C ₈

a ^{lkylcarbonyloxy, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ ^{alkylthio, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ ^{haloalkylthio, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ ^{alkylsulfinyl, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ ^{haloalkylsulfinyl, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ ^{alkylsulfonyl, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ ^{haloalkylsulfonyl, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ a ^{lkylaminosulfonyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{dialkylaminosulfonyl, C} ₃ ^–C ₁₀ ^{trialkylsilyl, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ a ^{lkylamino, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{dialkylamino, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{alkylcarbonylamino, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ alkylsulfonylamino, phenyl, pyridinyl or thienyl;

e _{ach R} ¹⁵ _{, R} ¹⁶ _{and R} ¹⁷ _{is independently H or C1–C6 alkyl;}

each R ¹⁸ and R ¹⁹ are independently H, halogen, hydroxy, C ₁ –C ₄ alkyl, C ₁ –C ₄

h ^{aloalkyl or C} ₁ ^–C ₄ ^{alkoxy; and}

e ^{ach u and v are independently 0, 1 or 2 in each instance of S(=O)} _u ^(=NR7) _v ^{, provided} that the sum of u and v is 0, 1 or 2;

p _{rovided when Q} ¹ _{is a phenyl ring substituted by R} ⁶ _{at the 4-position, G is –C(R} ¹⁸ _)(R ¹⁹ _{)–, Y} ¹ _{is O, Y} ² _{is O, J is–CR} ² _R ³ _{–, R} ² _{is H, R} ³ _{is H, R} ⁴ _{is H, R} ⁵ _{is H, R} ⁶ _{is Cl, R} ¹⁸ _{is H and R} ¹⁹ _{is H, then Q} ² _{is other than 2-flurophenyl; and provided the compound of} Formula 1 is other than trans-N-(3-chlorophenyl)-5-(1-methylethyl)-2-oxo-4-phenyl-3- oxazolidinecarboxamide (CA# 158323-70-7), 2-(5-methyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-5-oxo-N- phenyl-1-pyrrolidinecarboxamide (CA# 182815-19-6), N-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(5-methyl- 1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-5-oxo-1-pyrrolidinecarboxamide (CA# 182815-21-0), N-(3,4- dichlorophenyl)-2-(5-methyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-5-oxo-1-py rrolidinecarboxamide (CA# 182815-22-1), 2-(5-methyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-5-oxo-N-[3-(trifluoromethy l)phenyl]-1- pyrrolidinecarboxamide (CA# 182815-23-2) or 2-oxo-N,6-diphenyl-1- piperidinecarboxamide (CA# 111422-82-3). More particularly, this invention pertains to a compound of Formula 1 (including all stereoisomers), an N-oxide or a salt thereof. This invention also relates to a herbicidal composition comprising a compound of the invention (i.e. in a herbicidally effective amount) and at least one component selected from the group consisting of surfactants, solid diluents and liquid diluents. This invention further relates to a method for controlling the growth of undesired vegetation comprising contacting the vegetation or its environment with a herbicidally effective amount of a compound of the invention (e.g., as a composition described herein).

This invention also includes a herbicidal mixture comprising (a) a compound selected from Formula 1, N-oxides, and salts thereof, and (b) at least one additional active ingredient selected from (b1) through (b16); and salts of compounds of (b1) through (b16), as described below.

DETAILS OF THE INVENTION

As used herein, the terms“comprises,”“comprising,”“includes,”“incl uding,”“has,” “having,”“contains”,“containing,”“characterize d by” or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, subject to any limitation explicitly indicated. For example, a composition, mixture, process or method that comprises a list of elements is not necessarily limited to only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such composition, mixture, process or method.

The transitional phrase“consisting of” excludes any element, step, or ingredient not specified. If in the claim, such would close the claim to the inclusion of materials other than those recited except for impurities ordinarily associated therewith. When the phrase “consisting of” appears in a clause of the body of a claim, rather than immediately following the preamble, it limits only the element set forth in that clause; other elements are not excluded from the claim as a whole.

The transitional phrase“consisting essentially of” is used to define a composition or method that includes materials, steps, features, components, or elements, in addition to those literally disclosed, provided that these additional materials, steps, features, components, or elements do not materially affect the basic and novel characteristic(s) of the claimed invention. The term“consisting essentially of” occupies a middle ground between “comprising” and“consisting of”.

Where applicants have defined an invention or a portion thereof with an open-ended term such as“comprising,” it should be readily understood that (unless otherwise stated) the description should be interpreted to also describe such an invention using the terms “consisting essentially of” or“consisting of.”

Further, unless expressly stated to the contrary,“or” refers to an inclusive or and not to an exclusive or. For example, a condition A or B is satisfied by any one of the following: A is true (or present) and B is false (or not present), A is false (or not present) and B is true (or present), and both A and B are true (or present).

Also, the indefinite articles“a” and“an” preceding an element or component of the invention are intended to be nonrestrictive regarding the number of instances (i.e. occurrences) of the element or component. Therefore“a” or“an” should be read to include one or at least one, and the singular word form of the element or component also includes the plural unless the number is obviously meant to be singular.

As referred to herein, the term“seedling”, used either alone or in a combination of words means a young plant developing from the embryo of a seed.

As referred to herein, the term“broadleaf” used either alone or in words such as “broadleaf weed” means dicot or dicotyledon, a term used to describe a group of angiosperms characterized by embryos having two cotyledons.

In the above recitations, the term“alkyl”, used either alone or in compound words such as“alkylthio” or“haloalkyl” includes straight-chain or branched alkyl, such as, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, or the different butyl, pentyl or hexyl isomers.“Alkenyl” includes straight-chain or branched alkenes such as ethenyl, 1-propenyl, 2-propenyl, and the different butenyl, pentenyl and hexenyl isomers. “Alkenyl” also includes polyenes such as 1,2-propadienyl and 2,4-hexadienyl.“Alkynyl” includes straight-chain or branched alkynes such as ethynyl, 1-propynyl, 2-propynyl and the different butynyl, pentynyl and hexynyl isomers. “Alkynyl” can also include moieties comprised of multiple triple bonds such as 2,5-hexadiynyl.

“Alkoxy” includes, for example, methoxy, ethoxy, n-propyloxy, isopropyloxy and the different butoxy, pentoxy and hexyloxy isomers.“Alkoxyalkyl” denotes alkoxy substitution ^{on alkyl. Examples of “alkoxyalkyl” include CH} ₃ ^OCH ₂ ^{, CH} ₃ ^OCH ₂ ^CH ₂ ^{, CH} ₃ ^CH ₂ ^OCH ₂ ^{, CH} ₃ ^CH ₂ ^CH ₂ ^CH ₂ ^OCH ₂ ^{and CH} ₃ ^CH ₂ ^OCH ₂ ^CH ₂ ^{. “Alkoxyalkoxyalkyl” denotes at least} alkoxy substitution on the alkoxy moiety of alkoxyalkyl moiety. Examples of ^{“alkoxyalkoxyalkyl” include CH} ₃ ^OCH ₂ ^OCH ₂ ^{-, CH} ₃ ^CH ₂ ^O(CH ₃ ^)CHOCH ₂ ^{- and (CH} ₃ ^O) ₂ ^CHOCH ₂ ^{-. “Alkoxyalkoxy” denotes alkoxy substitution on alkoxy. “Alkenyloxy”} includes straight-chain or branched alkenyloxy moieties. Examples of“alkenyloxy” include ^H ₂ ^C=CHCH ₂ ^{O, (CH} ₃ ⁾ ₂ ^C=CHCH ₂ ^{O, (CH} ₃ ^)CH=CHCH ₂ ^{O, (CH} ₃ ^)CH=C(CH ₃ ^)CH ₂ ^{O and CH} ₂ ^=CHCH ₂ ^CH ₂ ^{O. “Alkynyloxy” includes straight-chain or branched alkynyloxy moieties. Examples of “alkynyloxy” include HC≡CCH} ₂ ^{O, CH} ₃ ^{C≡ CCH} ₂ ^{O and CH} ₃ ^C≡CCH ₂ ^CH ₂ ^{O. Examples of “alkylcarbonyloxy” include CH} ₃ ^{C(O)O, CH} ₃ ^CH ₂ ^{C(O)O and CH} ₃ ^CH ₂ ^{C(O)O. “Alkylthio” includes branched or straight-chain alkylthio moieties} such as methylthio, ethylthio, and the different propylthio, butylthio, pentylthio and hexylthio isomers. “Alkylsulfinyl” includes both enantiomers of an alkylsulfinyl group. ^{Examples of “alkylsulfinyl” include CH} ₃ ^{S(O)-, CH} ₃ ^CH ₂ ^{S(O)-, CH} ₃ ^CH ₂ ^CH ₂ ^{S(O)-, (CH} ₃ ⁾ ₂ ^{CHS(O)- and the different butylsulfinyl, pentylsulfinyl and hexylsulfinyl isomers. Examples of “alkylsulfonyl” include CH} ₃ ^S(O) ₂ ^{-, CH} ₃ ^CH ₂ ^S(O) ₂ ^{-, CH} ₃ ^CH ₂ ^CH ₂ ^S(O) ₂ ^{-, (CH} ₃ ⁾ ₂ ^CHS(O) ₂ ^{-, and the different butylsulfonyl, pentylsulfonyl and hexylsulfonyl isomers.} “Alkylthioalkyl” denotes alkylthio substitution on alkyl. Examples of “alkylthioalkyl” ^{include CH} ₃ ^SCH ₂ ^{, CH} ₃ ^SCH ₂ ^CH ₂ ^{, CH} ₃ ^CH ₂ ^SCH ₂ ^{, CH} ₃ ^CH ₂ ^CH ₂ ^CH ₂ ^SCH ₂ ^{and CH} ₃ ^CH ₂ ^SCH ₂ ^CH ₂ ^{. “Alkylsulfinylalkyl” denotes alkylsulfinyl substitution on alkyl. Examples of “alkylsulfinylalkyl” include CH} ₃ ^S(=O)CH ₂ ^{, CH} ₃ ^S(=O)CH ₂ ^CH ₂ ^{, CH} ₃ ^CH ₂ ^S(=O)CH ₂ ^{and CH} ₃ ^CH ₂ ^S(=O)CH ₂ ^CH ₂ ^{. “Alkylsulfonylalkyl” denotes} alkylsulfinyl substitution on alkyl. Examples of “alkylsulfinylalkyl” include ^CH ₃ ^S(=O) ₂ ^CH ₂ ^{, CH} ₃ ^S(=O) ₂ ^CH ₂ ^CH ₂ ^{, CH} ₃ ^CH ₂ ^S(=O) ₂ ^CH ₂ ^{and CH} ₃ ^CH ₂ ^S(=O) ₂ ^CH ₂ ^CH ₂ ^. “Alkylamino”,“dialkylamino”,“halodialkylamino” and the like, are defined analogously to ^{the above examples. Examples of “alkylsulfonylamino” include CH} ₃ ^{S(=O)NH- and CH} ₂ ^CH ₂ ^CH ₂ ^{S(=O)NH-. Examples of “alkylaminoalkyl” include CH} ₃ ^NHCH ₂ ^{-, (CH} ₃ ⁾ ₂ ^CHNHCH ₂ ^{- and CH} ₃ ^NHCH(CH ₃ ^{)-. Examples of “dialkylaminoalkyl” include (CH} ₃ ⁾ ₂ ^NCH ₂ ^{-, (CH} ₃ ⁾ ₂ ^NC(CH ₃ ^{)H- and (CH} ₃ ^)(CH ₃ ^)NCH ₂ ^{-. Examples of “alkylaminocarbonyl” include (CH} ₃ ^{)NHC(O)- and (CH} ₃ ^CH ₂ ^{)NHC(O)-. An example of “dialkylaminocarbonyl” is (CH} ₃ ⁾ ₂ ^{NC(O)-. An example of “alkylaminosulfonyl” is (CH} ₃ ^)NHS(O) ₂ ^{- and an example of “dialkylaminosulfonyl” is (CH} ₃ ⁾ ₂ ^NS(O) ₂ ^{-. The term} “alkylcarbonylamino” denotes a straight-chain or branched alkyl moiety bonded to the C(=O) moiety of carbonylamino group. Examples of “alkylcarbonylamino” include ^CH ₃ ^{C(=O)NH- and CH} ₃ ^CH ₂ ^{C(=O)NH-. The term “alkoxycarbonylamino” denotes a} straight-chain or branched alkoxy moiety bonded to the C(=O) moiety of carbonylamino ^{group. Examples of “alkoxycarbonylamino” include CH} ₃ ^{OC(=O)NH- and CH} ₃ ^CH ₂ ^OC(=O)NH-.

“Cycloalkyl” includes, for example, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl. The term“alkylcycloalkyl” denotes alkyl substitution on a cycloalkyl moiety and includes, for example, ethylcyclopropyl, i-propylcyclobutyl, 3-methylcyclopentyl and 4-methylcyclohexyl. The term“cycloalkylalkyl” denotes cycloalkyl substitution on an alkyl moiety. Examples of “cycloalkylalkyl” include cyclopropylmethyl, cyclopentylethyl, and other cycloalkyl moieties bonded to straight-chain or branched alkyl groups. Examples of the term“alkylcycloalkylalkyl” 1-methylcyclopropylmethyl and 2-methylcyclopentylethyl. The term“cycloalkylalkenyl” denotes cycloalkyl bonded to an alkenyl moiety. The term “cycloalkylcycloalkyl” denotes cycloalkyl substitution on a cycloalkyl moiety by a single bond. The term“cycloalkylalkynyl” denotes cycloalkyl bonded to an alkynyl moiety. The term“cycloalkylamino” denotes cycloalkyl bonded to an amino moiety. The term “cycloalkylaminocarbonyl” denotes cycloalkyl bonded to an aminocarbonyl moiety. The term“cycloalkylaminoalkyl” denotes cycloalkyl bonded to an aminoalkyl moiety. The term “cycloalkylcarbonyl” denotes cycloalkyl bonded to a carbonyl moiety. The term “cycloalkylcarbonylalkyl” denotes cycloalkyl bonded to a carbonylalkyl moiety. The term “cycloalkylcarbonyloxy” denotes cycloalkyl bonded to the carbon atom of a carbonyloxy moiety. Examples of “cycloalkylalkyl” include cyclopropylmethyl, cyclopentylethyl, and other cycloalkyl moieties bonded to straight-chain or branched alkyl groups. The term “cycloalkoxy” denotes cycloalkyl linked through an oxygen atom such as cyclopentyloxy and cyclohexyloxy. The term“cycloalkoxyalkyl” denotes cycloalkoxy linked through an alkyl moiety. The terms“cycloalkylthio”,“cycloalkylsulfinyl” and“cycloalkylsulfonyl” denotes cycloalkyl bonded through a sulfur, sulfinyl or sulfonyl moiety, respectively.

The term“cycloalkoxycarbonyl” denotes cycloalkoxy linked through a carbonyl moiety. “Cycloalkylalkoxy” denotes cycloalkylalkyl linked through an oxygen atom attached to the alkyl chain. Examples of“cycloalkylalkoxy” include cyclopropylmethoxy, cyclopentylethoxy, and other cycloalkyl moieties bonded to straight-chain or branched alkoxy groups.“Cycloalkenyl” includes groups such as cyclopentenyl and cyclohexenyl as well as groups with more than one double bond such as 1,3- and 1,4-cyclohexadienyl. The term“halocycloalkenyl” denotes halogen substitution on the cycloalkenyl moiety.

The term“halogen”, either alone or in compound words such as“haloalkyl”, or when used in descriptions such as“alkyl substituted with halogen” includes fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine. Further, when used in compound words such as“haloalkyl”, or when used in descriptions such as“alkyl substituted with halogen” said alkyl may be partially or fully substituted with halogen atoms which may be the same or different. Examples of ^{“haloalkyl” or“alkyl substituted with halogen” include F} ₃ ^{C, ClCH} ₂ ^{, CF} ₃ ^CH ₂ ^{and CF} ₃ ^CCl ₂ ^. The terms “halocycloalkyl”, “halocycloalkylalkyl”, “halocycloalkoxy”, “haloalkoxy”, “haloalkoxyalkoxy”, “haloalkylthio”, “haloalkenyl”, “haloalkynyl”, “haloalkenyloxy”, “haloalkenylalkyl”, “haloalkylcarbonyl”, “haloalkylcarbonylamino”, “haloalkylsulfonylamino”, “haloalkoxyhaloalkoxy” “haloalkylsulfonyloxy”, “haloalkoxyalkyl”,“haloalkylcarbonyloxy”,“haloalky laminoalkyl” and the like, are defined ^{analogously to the term “haloalkyl”. Examples of “haloalkoxy” include CF} ₃ ^{O-, CCl} ₃ ^CH ₂ ^{O-, HCF} ₂ ^CH ₂ ^CH ₂ ^{O- and CF} ₃ ^CH ₂ ^{O-. Examples of “haloalkylthio” include CCl} ₃ ^{S-, CF} ₃ ^{S-, CCl} ₃ ^CH ₂ ^{S- and ClCH} ₂ ^CH ₂ ^CH ₂ ^{S-. Examples of “alkylsulfinyl” include CH} ₃ ^{S(O)- and CH} ₃ ^CH ₂ ^{S(O)-. Examples of “haloalkylsulfinyl” include CF} ₃ ^{S(O)-, CCl} ₃ ^{S(O)-, CF} ₃ ^CH ₂ ^{S(O)- and CF} ₃ ^CF ₂ ^{S(O)-. Examples of “haloalkylsulfonyl” include CF} ₃ ^S(O) ₂ ^{-, CCl} ₃ ^S(O) ₂ ^{-, CF} ₃ ^CH ₂ ^S(O) ₂ ^{- and CF} ₃ ^CF ₂ ^S(O) ₂ ^{-. Examples of “alkylsulfonyloxy” include CH} ₃ ^S(O) ₂ ^{O-, CH} ₃ ^CH ₂ ^S(O) ₂ ^{O- and CH} ₃ ^CH ₂ ^CH ₂ ^S(O) ₂ ^{O-. Examples of “haloalkenyl” include (Cl)} ₂ ^C=CHCH ₂ ^{- and CF} ₃ ^CH ₂ ^CH=CHCH ₂ ^{-. Examples of “haloalkenyloxy” include (Cl)} ₂ ^C=CHCH ₂ ^{O- and CF} ₃ ^CH ₂ ^CH=CHCH ₂ ^{O-. Examples of “haloalkynyl” include HC ^CCHCl-, CF} ₃ ^{C ^C-, CCl} ₃ ^{C ^C- and FCH} ₂ ^{C ^CCH} ₂ ^{-. Examples of“haloalkynyloxy” include HC ^CCHClO-, CCl} ₃ ^{C ^C- and FCH} ₂ ^{C ^CCH} ₂ ^{O-. Examples of “haloalkoxyalkyl” include CF} ₃ ^OCH ₂ ^{-, ClCH} ₂ ^CH ₂ ^OCH ₂ ^CH ₂ ^{-, Cl} ₃ ^CCH ₂ ^OCH ₂ ^{- as well as branched alkyl derivatives. Examples of “haloalkoxycarbonyl” include CF} ₃ ^{OC(O)-, ClCH} ₂ ^CH ₂ ^OCH ₂ ^CH ₂ ^{-, Cl} ₃ ^CCH ₂ ^OCH ₂ ^{OC(O)- as well as branched alkyl derivatives.}

“Alkylcarbonyl” denotes a straight-chain or branched alkyl moiety bonded to a C(=O) moiety.“Alkoxylcarbonyl” denotes a straight-chain or branched alkoxy moiety bonded to a ^{C(=O) moiety. Examples of“alkylcarbonyl” include CH} ₃ ^{C(=O)-, CH} ₃ ^CH ₂ ^CH ₂ ^{C(=O)- and (CH} ₃ ⁾ ₂ ^{CHC(=O)-. Examples of“alkoxycarbonyl” include CH} ₃ ^{OC(=O)-, CH} ₃ ^CH ₂ ^{OC(=O)-, CH} ₃ ^CH ₂ ^CH ₂ ^{OC(=O)-, (CH} ₃ ⁾ ₂ ^{CHOC(=O)- and the different butoxy- or pentoxycarbonyl} isomers. “Cycloalkylalkoxycarbonyl” denotes a cycloalkylalkyl moieties bonded to an oxygen atom of alkoxycarbonyl moiety. Examples of“cycloalkylalkoxycarbonyl” include ^{cyclopropyl-CH} ₂ ^{OC(=O)-, cyclopropyl-CH(CH} ₃ ^{)OC(=O)- and cyclopentyl-CH} ₂ ^OC(=O)-. “Alkylcarbonylalkyl” denotes a straight-chain or branched chain alkyl group bonded to the carbon atom of to a carbonylalkyl moieity. Examples of “alkylcarbonylalkyl” include ^(CH ₃ ^)C(=O)CH ₂ ^{- and (CH} ₃ ^CH ₂ ^)C(=O)CH ₂ ^{-. “Alkylcarbonyloxy” denotes a straight-chain} or branched-chain alkyl group bonded to the carbon atom of to a carbonyloxy moieity. ^{Examples of“alkylcarbonyloxy” include (CH} ₃ ^{)C(=O)O- and (CH} ₃ ^CH ₂ ^)C(=O)O-.

The term“cyanoalkyl” or“cyanoalkoxy” means a cyano group bonded through an alkyl or alkoxy moiety, respectively. The carbon in the cyano group is not included in the total number of carbon atoms for this term. The term“nitroalkyl” or“nitroalkenyl” represents a nitro group bonded through an alkyl or alkoxy moiety, repectively. The term “trialkylsilyl” means three alkyl groups bonded through silicon. The term “trialkylsilylalkyl” means three alkyl groups bonded through a silylalkyl moiety. The term “trialkylsilylalkoxy” means three alkyl groups bonded through a silylalkoxy moiety.

T ^{he total number of carbon atoms in a substituent group is indicated by the“C} _i ^–C _j ^{” prefix where i and j are numbers from 1 to 12. For example, C} ₁ ^–C ₄ ^{alkylsulfonyl designates methylsulfonyl through butylsulfonyl; C} ₂ ^{alkoxyalkyl designates CH} ₃ ^OCH ₂ ^{-; C} ₃ ^{alkoxyalkyl designates, for example, CH} ₃ ^CH(OCH ₃ ^{)-, CH} ₃ ^OCH ₂ ^CH ₂ ^{- or CH} ₃ ^CH ₂ ^OCH ₂ ^{-; and C} ₄ ^{alkoxyalkyl designates the various isomers of an alkyl group substituted with an} alkoxy group containing a total of four carbon atoms, examples including ^CH ₃ ^CH ₂ ^CH ₂ ^OCH ₂ ^{- and CH} ₃ ^CH ₂ ^OCH ₂ ^CH ₂ ^-.

When a compound is substituted with a substituent bearing a subscript that indicates the number of said substituents can exceed 1, said substituents (when they exceed 1) are independently selected from the group of defined substituents, (e.g., (R ⁶ ) _n , n is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5). When a variable group is shown to be optionally attached to a position, (e.g., (R ⁶ ) _n wherein n may be 0, then hydrogen may be at the position even if not recited in the variable group definition. When one or more positions on a group are said to be“not substituted” or “unsubstituted”, then hydrogen atoms are attached to take up any free valency.

Unless otherwise indicated, a“ring” or“ring system” as a component of Formula 1 _{(e.g., substituent Q} ¹ _{or Q} ² _{) is carbocyclic or heterocyclic. The term“ring system” denotes} two or more fused rings. The terms“bicyclic ring system” and“fused bicyclic ring system” denote a ring system consisting of two fused rings, in which either ring can be saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated unless otherwise indicated. The term“fused heterobicyclic ring system” denotes a fused bicyclic ring system in which at least one ring atom is not carbon. A“bridged bicyclic ring system” is formed by bonding a segment of one or more atoms to nonadjacent ring members of a ring. The term“ring member” refers to an ^{atom or other moiety (e.g., C(=O), C(=S), S(O) or S(O)} ₂ ^{) forming the backbone of a ring or} ring system.

The terms“carbocyclic ring”,“carbocycle” or“carbocyclic ring system” denote a ring or ring system wherein the atoms forming the ring backbone are selected only from carbon. Unless otherwise indicated, a carbocyclic ring can be a saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated ring. When a fully unsaturated carbocyclic ring satisfies Hückel’s rule, then said ring is also called an“aromatic ring”. “Saturated carbocyclic” refers to a ring having a backbone consisting of carbon atoms linked to one another by single bonds; unless otherwise specified, the remaining carbon valences are occupied by hydrogen atoms.

The terms“heterocyclic ring”,“heterocycle” or“heterocyclic ring system” denote a ring or ring system in which at least one atom forming the ring backbone is not carbon, e.g., nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur. Typically a heterocyclic ring contains no more than 4 nitrogens, no more than 2 oxygens and no more than 2 sulfurs. Unless otherwise indicated, a heterocyclic ring can be a saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated ring. When a fully unsaturated heterocyclic ring satisfies Hückel’s rule, then said ring is also called a “heteroaromatic ring” or “aromatic heterocyclic ring”. Unless otherwise indicated, heterocyclic rings and ring systems can be attached through any available carbon or nitrogen by replacement of a hydrogen on said carbon or nitrogen.

“Aromatic” indicates that each of the ring atoms is essentially in the same plane and has a p-orbital perpendicular to the ring plane, and that (4n + 2) π electrons, where n is a positive integer, are associated with the ring to comply with Hückel’s rule. The term “aromatic ring system” denotes a carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring system in which at least one ring of the ring system is aromatic. The term“aromatic carbocyclic ring system” denotes a carbocyclic ring system in which at least one ring of the ring system is aromatic. The term“aromatic heterocyclic ring system” denotes a heterocyclic ring system in which at least one ring of the ring system is aromatic. The term“nonaromatic ring system” denotes a carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring system that may be fully saturated, as well as partially or fully unsaturated, provided that none of the rings in the ring system are aromatic. The term “nonaromatic carbocyclic ring system” in which no ring in the ring system is aromatic. The term“nonaromatic heterocyclic ring system” denotes a heterocyclic ring system in which no ring in the ring system is aromatic. The term“optionally substituted” in connection with the heterocyclic rings refers to groups which are unsubstituted or have at least one non-hydrogen substituent that does not extinguish the biological activity possessed by the unsubstituted analog. As used herein, the following definitions shall apply unless otherwise indicated. The term“optionally substituted” is used interchangeably with the phrase“substituted or unsubstituted” or with the term“(un)substituted.” Unless otherwise indicated, an optionally substituted group may have a substituent at each substitutable position of the group, and each substitution is independent of the other.

W _{hen Q} ¹ _{or Q} ² _{is a 5- or 6-membered nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring, it may be} attached to the remainder of Formula 1 though any available carbon or nitrogen ring atom, u _{nless otherwise described. As noted above, Q} ¹ _{or Q} ² _{can be (among others) phenyl} optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from a group of substituents as defined in the Summary of the Invention. An example of phenyl optionally substituted with o _{ne to five substituents is the ring illustrated as U-1 in Exhibit 1, wherein R} ^v _{is [R} ⁶ _{or R} ⁹ _{] as defined in the Summary of the Invention for Q} ¹ _{or Q} ² _{and r is an integer (from 0 to 5).}

A _{s noted above, Q} ¹ _{or Q} ² _{can be (among others) a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic ring,} which may be saturated or unsaturated, optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from a group of substituents as defined in the Summary of the Invention. Examples of a 5- or 6-membered unsaturated aromatic heterocyclic ring optionally substituted with from one or more substituents include the rings U-2 through U-61 illustrated in Exhibit 1 w _{herein R} ^v _{is any substituent as defined in the Summary of the Invention for Q} ¹ _{or Q} ² _{(i.e. R} ⁶ _{or R} ⁹ _{) and r is an integer from 0 to 5, limited by the number of available positions on} each U group. As U-29, U-30, U-36, U-37, U-38, U-39, U-40, U-41, U-42 and U-43 have only one available position, for these U groups r is limited to the integers 0 or 1, and r being 0 means that the U group is unsubstituted and a hydrogen is present at the position indicated

U-11 U-12 U-13 U-14 U-15

U-16 U-17 U-18 U-19 U-20

U-21 U-22 U-23 U-24 U-25

U-26 U-27 U-28 U-29 U-30

U-31 U-32 U-33 U-34 U-35

U-36 U-37 U-38 U-39 U-40

U-41 U-42 U-43 U-44 U-45

U-46 U-47 U-48 U-49 U-50

U-51 U-52 U-53 U-54 U-55

U-61 N _{ote that when Q} ¹ _{or Q} ² _{is a 5- or 6-membered saturated or unsaturated non-aromatic} heterocyclic ring optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from the _{group of substituents as defined in the Summary of the Invention for Q} ¹ _{or Q} ² _{, one or two} carbon ring members of the heterocycle can optionally be in the oxidized form of a carbonyl moiety.

Examples of a 5- or 6-membered saturated or non-aromatic unsaturated heterocyclic ring containing ring members selected from up to two O atoms and up to two S atoms, and optionally substituted on carbon atom ring members with up to five halogen atoms includes the rings G-1 through G-35 as illustrated in Exhibit 2. Note that when the attachment point on the G group is illustrated as floating, the G group can be attached to the remainder of Formula 1 through any available carbon or nitrogen of the G group by replacement of a _{hydrogen atom. The optional substituents corresponding to R} ^v _{can be attached to any} available carbon or nitrogen by replacing a hydrogen atom. For these G rings, r is typically an integer from 0 to 4, limited by the number of available positions on each G group. _{Note that when Q} ¹ _{or Q} ² _{comprises a ring selected from G-28 through G-35, G} ² _{is selected from O, S or N. Note that when G} ² _{is N, the nitrogen atom can complete its valence by substitution with either H or the substituents corresponding to R} ^v _{as defined in the Summary of the Invention for Q} ¹ _{or Q} ² _.

E hibi 2 G-1 G-2 G-3 G-4 G-5

G-6 G-7 G-8 G-9 G-10

G-11 G-12 G-13 G-14 G-15

G-16 G-17 G-18 G-19 G-20

G-21 G-22 G-23 G-24 G-25

G-26 G-27 G-28 G-29 G-30

G-31 G-32 G-33 G-34 G-35 A _{s noted above, Q} ¹ _{or Q} ² _{can be (among others) an 8-, 9- or 10-membered fused} bicyclic ring system optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from a _{group of substituents as defined in the Summary of the Invention (i.e. R} ⁶ _{or R} ⁹ _{). Examples} of 8-, 9- or 10-membered fused bicyclic ring system optionally substituted with from one or _{more substituents include the rings U-81 through U-123 illustrated in Exhibit 3 wherein R} ^v _{is any substituent as defined in the Summary of the Invention for Q} ¹ _{or Q} ² _{(i.e. R} ⁶ _{or R} ⁹ _), and r is typically an integer from 0 to 4.

Exhibit 3

U-81 U-82 U-83 U-84

U-85 U-86 U-87 U-88

U-105 U-106 U-107 U-108

U-113 U-114 U-115 U-116

U-117 U-118 U-119 U-120

A _{lthough R} ^v _{groups are shown in the structures U-1 through U-123, it is noted that they do not need to be present since they are optional substituents. Note that when R} ^v _{is H} when attached to an atom, this is the same as if said atom is unsubstituted. The nitrogen _{atoms that require substitution to fill their valence are substituted with H or R} ^v _{. Note that} when the attachment point between (R ^v ) _r and the U group is illustrated as floating, (R ^v ) _r can be attached to any available carbon atom or nitrogen atom of the U group. Note that when the attachment point on the U group is illustrated as floating, the U group can be attached to the remainder of Formula 1 through any available carbon or nitrogen of the U group by replacement of a hydrogen atom. Note that some U groups can only be substituted with less _{than 4 R} ^v _{groups (e.g., U-2 through U-5, U-7 through U-48, and U-52 through U-61).}

A wide variety of synthetic methods are known in the art to enable preparation of aromatic and nonaromatic heterocyclic rings and ring systems; for extensive reviews see the eight volume set of Comprehensive Heterocyclic Chemistry, A. R. Katritzky and C. W. Rees editors-in-chief, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1984 and the twelve volume set of Comprehensive Heterocyclic Chemistry II, A. R. Katritzky, C. W. Rees and E. F. V. Scriven editors-in-chief, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1996.

Compounds of this invention can exist as one or more stereoisomers. The various stereoisomers include enantiomers, diastereomers, atropisomers and geometric isomers. Stereoisomers are isomers of identical constitution but differing in the arrangement of their atoms in space and include enantiomers, diastereomers, cis-trans isomers (also known as geometric isomers) and atropisomers. Atropisomers result from restricted rotation about single bonds where the rotational barrier is high enough to permit isolation of the isomeric species. One skilled in the art will appreciate that one stereoisomer may be more active and/or may exhibit beneficial effects when enriched relative to the other stereoisomer(s) or when separated from the other stereoisomer(s). Additionally, the skilled artisan knows how to separate, enrich, and/or to selectively prepare said stereoisomers. The compounds of the invention may be present as a mixture of stereoisomers, individual stereoisomers or as an optically active form.

F _{or example the carbon to which both Q} ¹ _{and R} ⁴ _{are bonded posseses a chiral center.} For a comprehensive discussion of all aspects of stereoisomerism, see Ernest L. Eliel and Samuel H. Wilen, Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds, John Wiley & Sons, 1994.

1 _' ^1"

T _{he skilled artisan will also recognize that when J is–CR} ² _R ³ _–CR ^2a _R ^3a _{– both carbon atoms (i.e. the carbon atom to which R} ² _{and R} ³ _{are both bonded or the carbon atom to which R} ^2a _{and R} ^3a _{are both bonded) can posses a stereocenter. A stereocenter (where applicable)} is indicated by a (*).

Molecular depictions drawn herein follow standard conventions for depicting stereochemistry. To indicate stereoconfiguration, bonds rising from the plane of the drawing and towards the viewer are denoted by solid wedges wherein the broad end of the wedge is attached to the atom rising from the plane of the drawing towards the viewer. Bonds going below the plane of the drawing and away from the viewer are denoted by dashed wedges wherein the narrow end of the wedge is attached to the atom further away from the viewer. Constant width lines indicate bonds with a direction opposite or neutral relative to bonds shown with solid or dashed wedges; constant width lines also depict bonds in molecules or parts of molecules in which no particular stereoconfiguration is intended to be specified.

This invention comprises racemic mixtures, for example, equal amounts of the enantiomers of Formulae 1' and 1". In addition, this invention includes compounds that are enriched compared to the racemic mixture in an enantiomer of Formula 1. Also included are the essentially pure enantiomers of compounds of Formula 1, for example, Formula 1' and Formula 1".

When enantiomerically enriched, one enantiomer is present in greater amounts than the other, and the extent of enrichment can be defined by an expression of enantiomeric excess (“ee”), which is defined as (2x–1)·100%, where x is the mole fraction of the dominant enantiomer in the mixture (e.g., an ee of 20% corresponds to a 60:40 ratio of enantiomers).

Preferably the compositions of this invention have at least a 50% enantiomeric excess; more preferably at least a 75% enantiomeric excess; still more preferably at least a 90% enantiomeric excess; and the most preferably at least a 94% enantiomeric excess of the more active isomer. Of particular note are enantiomerically pure embodiments of the more active isomer.

Compounds of Formula 1 can comprise additional chiral centers. For example, _{substituents and other molecular constituents such as R} ⁶ _{and R} ⁹ _{may themselves contain} chiral centers. This invention comprises racemic mixtures as well as enriched and essentially pure stereoconfigurations at these additional chiral centers.

Compounds of this invention can exist as one or more conformational isomers due to _{restricted rotation about the amide bond (e.g., C(=Y} ² _)–N(R ⁵ _)Q ² _{) in Formula 1. This} invention comprises mixtures of conformational isomers. In addition, this invention includes compounds that are enriched in one conformer relative to others.

Compounds of Formula 1 typically exist in more than one form, and Formula 1 thus include all crystalline and non-crystalline forms of the compounds they represent. Non- crystalline forms include embodiments which are solids such as waxes and gums as well as embodiments which are liquids such as solutions and melts. Crystalline forms include embodiments which represent essentially a single crystal type and embodiments which represent a mixture of polymorphs (i.e. different crystalline types). The term“polymorph” refers to a particular crystalline form of a chemical compound that can crystallize in different crystalline forms, these forms having different arrangements and/or conformations of the molecules in the crystal lattice. Although polymorphs can have the same chemical composition, they can also differ in composition due the presence or absence of co- crystallized water or other molecules, which can be weakly or strongly bound in the lattice. Polymorphs can differ in such chemical, physical and biological properties as crystal shape, density, hardness, color, chemical stability, melting point, hygroscopicity, suspensibility, dissolution rate and biological availability. One skilled in the art will appreciate that a polymorph of a compound of Formula 1 can exhibit beneficial effects (e.g., suitability for preparation of useful formulations, improved biological performance) relative to another polymorph or a mixture of polymorphs of the same compound of Formula 1. Preparation and isolation of a particular polymorph of a compound of Formula 1 can be achieved by methods known to those skilled in the art including, for example, crystallization using selected solvents and temperatures. For a comprehensive discussion of polymorphism see R. Hilfiker, Ed., Polymorphism in the Pharmaceutical Industry, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2006.

One skilled in the art will appreciate that not all nitrogen-containing heterocycles can form N-oxides since the nitrogen requires an available lone pair for oxidation to the oxide; one skilled in the art will recognize those nitrogen-containing heterocycles which can form N-oxides. One skilled in the art will also recognize that tertiary amines can form N-oxides. Synthetic methods for the preparation of N-oxides of heterocycles and tertiary amines are very well known by one skilled in the art including the oxidation of heterocycles and tertiary amines with peroxy acids such as peracetic and m-chloroperbenzoic acid (MCPBA), hydrogen peroxide, alkyl hydroperoxides such as t-butyl hydroperoxide, sodium perborate, and dioxiranes such as dimethyldioxirane. These methods for the preparation of N-oxides have been extensively described and reviewed in the literature, see for example: T. L. Gilchrist in Comprehensive Organic Synthesis, vol. 7, pp 748–750, S. V. Ley, Ed., Pergamon Press; M. Tisler and B. Stanovnik in Comprehensive Heterocyclic Chemistry, vol. 3, pp 18–20, A. J. Boulton and A. McKillop, Eds., Pergamon Press; M. R. Grimmett and B. R. T. Keene in Advances in Heterocyclic Chemistry, vol.43, pp 149–161, A. R. Katritzky, Ed., Academic Press; M. Tisler and B. Stanovnik in Advances in Heterocyclic Chemistry, vol. 9, pp 285–291, A. R. Katritzky and A. J. Boulton, Eds., Academic Press; and G. W. H. Cheeseman and E. S. G. Werstiuk in Advances in Heterocyclic Chemistry, vol. 22, pp 390–392, A. R. Katritzky and A. J. Boulton, Eds., Academic Press.

One skilled in the art recognizes that because in the environment and under physiological conditions salts of chemical compounds are in equilibrium with their corresponding nonsalt forms, salts share the biological utility of the nonsalt forms. Thus a wide variety of salts of a compound of Formula 1 are useful for control of undesired vegetation (i.e. are agriculturally suitable). The salts of a compound of Formula 1 include acid-addition salts with inorganic or organic acids such as hydrobromic, hydrochloric, nitric, phosphoric, sulfuric, acetic, butyric, fumaric, lactic, maleic, malonic, oxalic, propionic, salicylic, tartaric, 4-toluenesulfonic or valeric acids. When a compound of Formula 1 contains an acidic moiety such as a carboxylic acid or phenol, salts also include those formed with organic or inorganic bases such as pyridine, triethylamine or ammonia, or amides, hydrides, hydroxides or carbonates of sodium, potassium, lithium, calcium, magnesium or barium. Accordingly, the present invention comprises compounds selected from Formula 1, N-oxides and agriculturally suitable salts thereof.

Embodiments of the present invention as described in the Summary of the Invention include where Formula 1 as used in the following Embodiments includes N-oxides and salts thereof:

Embodiment 1. A compound of Formula 1, including all stereoisomers, N-oxides, and salts thereof, agricultural compositions containing them and their use as herbicides as described in the Summary of the Invention.

E _{mbodiment 2. A compound of Embodiment 1 wherein Q} ¹ _{is a phenyl ring or a}

naphthalenyl ring system, each ring or ring system optionally substituted with up t _{o 4 substituents independently selected from R} ⁶ _{; or a 5- to 6-membered} heterocyclic ring or an 8- to 10-membered bicyclic ring system, each ring or ring system containing ring members selected from carbon atoms and 1 to 4 heteroatoms independently selected from up to 2 O, up to 2 S and up to 4 N atoms, wherein up to 2 carbon ring members are independently selected from C(=O) and C(=S), and the sulfur atom ring members are independently selected f ^{rom S(=O)} _u ^(=NR7) _v ^{, each ring or ring system optionally substituted with up to} 4 _{substituents independently selected from R} ⁶ _{on carbon atom ring members and selected from R} ⁸ _{on nitrogen atom ring members.}

E _{mbodiment 3. A compound of Embodiment 2 wherein Q} ¹ _{is a phenyl ring optionally substituted with up to 4 substituents independently selected from R} ⁶ _{; or a 5- to} 6-membered heterocyclic ring, each ring containing ring members selected from carbon atoms and 1 to 4 heteroatoms independently selected from up to 2 O, up to 2 S and up to 4 N atoms, each ring optionally substituted with up to 4 s _{ubstituents independently selected from R} ⁶ _{on carbon atom ring members and selected from R} ⁸ _{on nitrogen atom ring members.}

E _{mbodiment 4. A compound of Embodiment 3 wherein Q} ¹ _{is a phenyl ring optionally substituted with up to 4 substituents independently selected from R} ⁶ _{. Embodiment 5. A compound of Embodiment 4 wherein Q} ¹ _{is a phenyl ring optionally substituted with up to 3 substituents independently selected from R} ⁶ _{. Embodiment 6. A compound of Embodiment 5 wherein Q} ¹ _{is a phenyl ring optionally substituted with up to 2 substituents independently selected from R} ⁶ _{. Embodiment 7. A compound of Embodiment 6 wherein when Q} ¹ _{is a phenyl ring}

s _{ubstituted with at least two substituents selected from with R} ⁶ _{, then one} substituent is at the para (4-) position and one other substituent is at a meta (3-) position (of the phenyl ring). _{Embodiment 8. A compound of any one of Embodiments 1 through 6 wherein Q} ¹ _{is other than a phenyl ring (i.e. unsubstited with R} ⁶ _).

E _{mbodiment 9. A compound of any one of Embodiments 1 through 8 wherein Q} ² _{is a} phenyl ring optionally substituted with up to 4 substituents independently s _{elected from R} ⁹ _{; or a 5- to 6-membered heterocyclic ring or an 8- to 10-} membered bicyclic ring system, each ring or ring system containing ring members selected from carbon atoms and 1 to 4 heteroatoms independently selected from up to 2 O, up to 2 S and up to 4 N atoms, wherein up to 2 carbon ring members are independently selected from C(=O) and C(=S), and the sulfur a ^{tom ring members are independently selected from S(=O)} _u ^(=NR7) _v ^{, each ring} or ring system optionally substituted with up to 4 substituents independently s _{elected from R} ⁹ _{on carbon atom ring members and selected from R} ¹⁰ _on nitrogen atom ring members.

E _{mbodiment 10. A compound of Embodiment 9 wherein Q} ² _{is a phenyl ring}

o _{ptionally substituted with up to 4 substituents independently selected from R} ⁹ _; or a 5- to 6-membered heterocyclic ring containing ring members selected from carbon atoms and 1 to 4 heteroatoms independently selected from up to 2 O, up to 2 S and up to 4 N atoms, wherein up to 2 carbon ring members are independently selected from C(=O) and C(=S), and the sulfur atom ring m ^{embers are independently selected from S(=O)} _u ^(=NR7) _v ^{, each ring optionally} s _{ubstituted with up to 4 substituents independently selected from R} ⁹ _{on carbon atom ring members and selected from R} ¹⁰ _{on nitrogen atom ring members. Embodiment 11. A compound of Embodiment 10 wherein Q} ² _{is a phenyl ring}

o _{ptionally substituted with up to 4 substituents independently selected from R} ⁹ _; or a 5- to 6-membered heterocyclic ring containing ring members selected from carbon atoms and 1 to 4 heteroatoms independently selected from up to 4 N atoms, wherein up to 2 carbon ring members are independently selected from C(=O) and C(=S), each ring optionally substituted with up to 4 substituents i _{ndependently selected from R} ⁹ _{on carbon atom ring members and selected from R} ¹⁰ _{on nitrogen atom ring members.}

E _{mbodiment 12. A compound of Embodiment 11 wherein Q} ² _{is a phenyl ring}

o _{ptionally substituted with up to 4 substituents independently selected from R} ⁹ _{. Embodiment 13. A compound of Embodiment 12 wherein Q} ² _{is a phenyl ring}

o _{ptionally substituted with up to 3 substituents independently selected from R} ⁹ _{. Embodiment 14. A compound of Embodiment 13 wherein Q} ² _{is a phenyl ring}

o _{ptionally substituted with up to 2 substituents independently selected from R} ⁹ _{. Embodiment 15. A compound of Embodiment 14 wherein Q} ² _{is a phenyl ring (i.e. unsubstituted with R} ⁹ _{). Embodiment 16. A compound of Embodiment 14 wherein when Q} ² _{is a phenyl ring substituted with at least two substituents selected from R} ⁹ _{, then one substituent is} at the meta (3-) position and at least one other substituent is at a ortho (2-) position (of the phenyl ring).

E _{mbodiment 17. A compound of any one of Embodiments 1 through 16 wherein Q} ² _is other than an unsubstituted phenyl ring.

Embodiment 18. A compound of any one of Embodiments 1 through 17 wherein J is – _CR ² _R ³ _–.

Embodiment 19. A compound of any one of Embodiments 1 through 16 wherein J is – _CR ² _R ³ _–CR ^2a _R ^3a _{– (where the bond projecting to the left is connected to G).} Embodiment 20. A compound of any one of Embodiments 1 through 19 wherein G is – _N(R ¹ _)–.

Embodiment 21. A compound of any one of Embodiments 1 through 19 wherein G is – _C(R ¹⁸ _)(R ¹⁹ _)–.

E _{mbodiment 22. A compound of any one of Embodiments 1 through 21 wherein Y} ¹ _is O or S.

E _{mbodiment 23. A compound of Embodiment 22 wherein Y} ¹ _{is S.}

E _{mbodiment 24. A compound of Embodiment 22 wherein Y} ¹ _{is O.}

E _{mbodiment 25. A compound of any one of Embodiments 1 through 24 wherein Y} ² _is S.

E _{mbodiment 26. A compound of any one of Embodiments 1 through 24 wherein Y} ² _is O.

Embodiment 27. A compound of any one of Embodiments 1 through 20 or 22 through 26 wherein R ¹ is H, C ₁ –C ₆ alkyl or C ₃ –C ₆ cycloalkyl; or Q ³ ; or–W ¹ Q ³ .

E ^{mbodiment 28. A compound of Embodiment 27 wherein R1 is H, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ ^alkyl.

Embodiment 29. A compound of Embodiment 28 wherein R ¹ is H or CH ₃ .

E _{mbodiment 30. A compound of Embodiment 29 wherein R} ¹ _{is H.}

E _{mbodiment 31. A compound of any one of Embodiments 1 through 30 wherein R} ^{2 and R3 are each independently H, halogen, C} ₁ ^–C ₄ ^{alkyl or C} ₁ ^–C ₄ ^alkoxy.

E _{mbodiment 32. A compound of Embodiment 31 wherein R} ² _{and R} ³ _{are each}

i ^{ndependently H or C} ₁ ^–C ₄ ^alkyl.

E _{mbodiment 33. A compound of Embodiment 32 wherein R} ² _{and R} ³ _{are each}

i ^{ndependently H or CH} ₃ ^.

E _{mbodiment 34. A compound of Embodiment 33 wherein R} ² _{and R} ³ _{are each}

independently H.

Embodiment 35. A compound of any one of Embodiments 1 through 17 or 19 through 34 wherein R ^2a and R ^3a are each independently H, C ₁ –C ₆ alkyl or C ₁ –C ₆ alkoxy. _{Embodiment 36. A compound of Embodiment 35 wherein R} ^2a _{and R} ^3a _{are each} i ^{ndependently H or C} ₁ ^–C ₆ ^alkyl.

E _{mbodiment 37. A compound of Embodiment 36 wherein R} ^2a _{and R} ^3a _{are each}

i ^{ndependently H or CH} ₃ ^.

E _{mbodiment 38. A compound of Embodiment 37 wherein R} ^2a _{and R} ^3a _{are each}

independently H.

E _{mbodiment 39. A compound of any one of Embodiments 1 through 38 wherein R} ⁴ _is H ^{, halogen or C} ₁ ^–C ₄ ^alkyl.

Embodiment 40. A compound of Embodiment 39 wherein R ⁴ is H, Cl, Br or CH ₃ . Embodiment 41. A compound of Embodiment 40 wherein R ⁴ is H, Br or CH ₃ .

E _{mbodiment 42. A compound of Embodiment 41 wherein R} ⁴ _{is H or Br.}

E _{mbodiment 43. A compound of Embodiment 42 wherein R} ⁴ _{is H.}

E _{mbodiment 44. A compound of any one of Embodiments 1 through 43 wherein R} ⁵ _is H ^{, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ ^{alkyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₆ ^{alkenyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{alkoxyalkyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{alkylthioalkyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{alkylsulfonylalkyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{alkylcarbonyl, C} ₄ ^–C ₁₀ ^{cycloalkylcarbonyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{alkoxycarbonyl, C} ₄ ^–C ₁₀ ^{cycloalkoxycarbonyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈

a ^{lkylaminocarbonyl, C} ₄ ^–C ₁₀ ^{cycloalkylaminocarbonyl, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ ^{alkoxy, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ a ^{lkylthio, C} ₃ ^–C ₈ ^{cycloalkylthio, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ ^{alkylsulfinyl, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ ^{alkylsulfonyl, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ ^{haloalkylsulfonyl, C} ₃ ^–C ₈ ^{cycloalkylsulfonyl, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ ^{alkylaminosulfonyl,} C _{2–C8 dialkylaminosulfonyl; or Q} ⁴ _{; or–W} ² _Q ⁴ _.

E ^{mbodiment 45. A compound of Embodiment 44 wherein R5 is H, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ ^{alkyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{alkoxyalkyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{alkylthioalkyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{alkylcarbonyl, C} ₄ ^–C ₁₀ c ^{ycloalkylcarbonyl or C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{alkoxycarbonyl.}

E ^{mbodiment 46. A compound of Embodiment 45 wherein R5 is H, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ ^{alkyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{alkoxyalkyl or C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{alkylcarbonyl.}

E ^{mbodiment 47. A compound of Embodiment 46 wherein R5 is H or C} ₁ ^–C ₆ ^.

E _{mbodiment 48. A compound of Embodiment 47 wherein R} ⁵ _{is H.}

Embodiment 49. A compound of any one of Embodiments 1 through 48 wherein each R ^{6 and R9 is independently halogen, nitro, C} ₁ ^–C ₈ ^{alkyl, C} ₁ ^–C ₈ ^{cyanoalkyl, C} ₁ ^–C ₈ ^{cyanoalkoxy, C} ₁ ^–C ₈ ^{haloalkyl, C} ₁ ^–C ₈ ^{nitroalkyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{alkenyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ h ^{aloalkenyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{nitroalkenyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{alkoxyalkyl, C} ₃ ^–C ₈ ^{alkoxyalkoxyalkyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{haloalkoxyalkyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{haloalkoxyhaloalkoxy, C} ₄ ^–C ₁₀ ^{cycloalkylalkyl, C} ₄ ^–C ₁₀ ^{halocycloalkylalkyl, C} ₅ ^–C ₁₂ ^{alkylcycloalkylalkyl, C} ₅ ^–C ₁₂

c ^{ycloalkylalkenyl, C} ₃ ^–C ₈ ^{cycloalkyl, C} ₃ ^–C ₈ ^{halocycloalkyl, C} ₄ ^–C ₁₀

a ^{lkylcycloalkyl, C} ₆ ^–C ₁₂ ^{cycloalkylcycloalkyl, C} ₃ ^–C ₈ ^{cycloalkenyl, C} ₃ ^–C ₈ h ^{alocycloalkenyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{haloalkoxyalkoxy, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{alkoxyalkoxy, C} ₄ ^–C ₁₀ c ^{ycloalkoxyalkyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{alkylcarbonyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{haloalkylcarbonyl, C} ₄ ^–C ₁₀ c ^{ycloalkylcarbonyl, -C(=O)OH, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{alkoxycarbonyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{haloalkoxycarbonyl, C} ₄ ^–C ₁₀ ^{cycloalkoxycarbonyl, C} ₅ ^–C ₁₂ c ^{ycloalkylalkoxycarbonyl, -C(=O)NH} ₂ ^{, C} ₁ ^–C ₈ ^{alkoxy, C} ₁ ^–C ₈ ^{haloalkoxy, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{alkoxyalkoxy, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{alkenyloxy, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{haloalkenyloxy, C} ₃ ^–C ₈ c ^{ycloalkoxy, C} ₃ ^–C ₈ ^{halocycloalkoxy, C} ₄ ^–C ₁₀ ^{cycloalkylalkoxy, C} ₃ ^–C ₁₀ a ^{lkylcarbonylalkoxy, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{alkylcarbonyloxy, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{haloalkylcarbonyloxy, C} ₄ ^–C ₁₀ ^{cycloalkylcarbonyloxy, C} ₁ ^–C ₈ ^{alkylsulfonyloxy, C} ₁ ^–C ₈

h ^{aloalkylsulfonyloxy, C} ₁ ^–C ₈ ^{alkylsulfonyl, C} ₁ ^–C ₈ ^{haloalkylsulfonyl, C} ₃ ^–C _{8 cycloalkylsulfonyl; or Q} ⁵ _{; or–W} ³ _Q ⁵ _.

E _{mbodiment 50. A compound of Embodiment 49 wherein each R} ⁶ _{and R} ⁹ _is

i ^{ndependently halogen, C} ₁ ^–C ₈ ^{alkyl, C} ₁ ^–C ₈ ^{haloalkyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{alkoxyalkyl, C} ₃ ^–C ₈ ^{alkoxyalkoxyalkyl, C} ₄ ^–C ₁₀ ^{cycloalkylalkyl, C} ₅ ^–C ₁₂

a ^{lkylcycloalkylalkyl, C} ₃ ^–C ₈ ^{cycloalkyl, C} ₃ ^–C ₈ ^{halocycloalkyl, C} ₆ ^–C ₁₂ c ^{ycloalkylcycloalkyl, C} ₃ ^–C ₈ ^{halocycloalkenyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{haloalkoxyalkoxy, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ a ^{lkoxyalkoxy, C} ₄ ^–C ₁₀ ^{cycloalkoxyalkyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{alkylcarbonyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ h ^{aloalkylcarbonyl, C} ₄ ^–C ₁₀ ^{cycloalkylcarbonyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{alkoxycarbonyl, C} ₄ ^–C ₁₀ c ^{ycloalkoxycarbonyl, C} ₅ ^–C ₁₂ ^{cycloalkylalkoxycarbonyl, -C(=O)NH} ₂ ^{, C} ₁ ^–C ₈ a ^{lkoxy, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{alkoxyalkoxy, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{haloalkenyloxy, C} ₃ ^–C ₈ ^{cycloalkoxy, C} ₃ ^–C ₈ ^{halocycloalkoxy, C} ₄ ^–C ₁₀ ^{cycloalkylalkoxy, C} ₃ ^–C ₁₀ ^{alkylcarbonylalkoxy or C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{haloalkylcarbonyloxy.}

E _{mbodiment 51. A compound of Embodiment 50 wherein each R} ⁶ _{and R} ⁹ _is

i ^{ndependently halogen, C} ₁ ^–C ₈ ^{alkyl, C} ₁ ^–C ₈ ^{haloalkyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{alkoxyalkyl, C} ₄ ^–C ₁₀ ^{cycloalkylalkyl, C} ₅ ^–C ₁₂ ^{alkylcycloalkylalkyl, C} ₃ ^–C ₈ ^{cycloalkyl, C} ₃ ^–C ₈ h ^{alocycloalkyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{haloalkoxyalkoxy or C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{alkoxyalkoxy.}

E _{mbodiment 52. A compound of Embodiment 51 wherein each R} ⁶ _{and R} ⁹ _is

i ^{ndependently halogen, C} ₁ ^–C ₈ ^{alkyl or C} ₃ ^–C ₈ ^cycloalkyl.

E _{mbodiment 53. A compound of Embodiment 52 wherein each R} ⁶ _{and R} ⁹ _is

i ^{ndependently halogen, C} ₁ ^–C ₈ ^{alkyl or C} ₃ ^–C ₈ ^cycloalkyl.

E _{mbodiment 54. A compound of Embodiment 53 wherein each R} ⁶ _{and R} ⁹ _is

independently halogen.

E _{mbodiment 55. A compound of any one of Embodiments 1 through 52 wherein R} ⁷ _is i ^{ndependently H, cyano or C} ₂ ^{alkylcarbonyl.}

E _{mbodiment 56. A compound of Embodiment 55 wherein R} ⁷ _{is independently H or} cyano.

Embodiment 57. A compound of any one of Embodiments 1 through 56 wherein each R ^{8 and R10 is independently cyano, C} ₁ ^–C ₃ ^{alkyl, C} ₃ ^–C ₆ ^{cycloalkyl, C} ₁ ^–C ₃ a ^{lkoxy, C} ₂ ^–C ₃ ^{alkylcarbonyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₃ ^{alkoxycarbonyl or C} ₂ ^–C ₃ ^{alkylaminoalkyl.} _{Embodiment 58. A compound of Embodiment 57 wherein each R} ⁸ _{and R} ¹⁰ _is

i ^{ndependently C} ₁ ^–C ₃ ^{alkyl, C} ₃ ^–C ₆ ^{cycloalkyl or C} ₂ ^–C ₃ ^{alkoxycarbonyl.} _{Embodiment 59. A compound of Embodiment 58 wherein each R} ⁸ _{and R} ¹⁰ _is i ^{ndependently is C} ₂ ^–C ₃ ^{alkoxycarbonyl.}

E _{mbodiment 60. A compound of Embodiment 59 wherein each R} ⁸ _{and R} ¹⁰ _is

i ^{ndependently C} ₁ ^–C ₃ ^{alkyl or C} ₃ ^–C ₆ ^cycloalkyl.

E _{mbodiment 61. A compound of Embodiment 60 wherein each R} ⁸ _{and R} ¹⁰ _is

i ^{ndependently C} ₁ ^–C ₃ ^alkyl.

E _{mbodiment 62. A compound of Embodiment 61 wherein each R} ⁸ _{and R} ¹⁰ _is

i ^{ndependently CH} ₃ ^.

Embodiment 63. A compound of any one of Embodiments 1 through 62 wherein each R ¹¹ is independently H or C ₁ –C ₄ alkyl.

E _{mbodiment 64. A compound of Embodiment 63 wherein each R} ¹¹ _{is independently H} o ^{r CH} ₃ ^.

E _{mbodiment 65. A compound of any one of Embodiments 1 through 64 wherein W} ¹ _is – ^{O–, C} ₁ ^–C ₃ ^{alkanediyl or–C(=O)(C} ₁ ^–C ₃ ^alkyl)–.

Embodiment 66. A compound Embodiment 65 wherein W ¹ is–O– or–CH ₂ –.

E _{mbodiment 67. A compound of any one of Embodiments 1 through 66 wherein W} ² _is – ^{O– or–CH} ₂ ^–.

E _{mbodiment 68. A compound of any one of Embodiments 1 through 65 wherein W} ³ _is – ^{O– or–CH} ₂ ^–.

Embodiment 69. A compound of any one of Embodiments 1 through 68 wherein each Q ³ _{is phenyl; or a 5- or 6-membered heteroaromatic ring, each optionally} substituted on ring members with up to 4 substituents independently selected f _{rom R} ¹² _{and on nitrogen ring members with up to 2 substituents independently selected from R} ¹⁵ _.

E _{mbodiment 70. A compound of Embodiment 69 wherein each Q} ³ _{is phenyl}

optionally substituted on ring members with up to 5 substituents independently s _{elected from R} ¹² _{; or pyridinyl optionally substituted with up to 4 substituents independently selected from R} ¹⁵ _.

Embodiment 71. A compound of any one of Embodiments 1 through 70 wherein each Q ⁴ _{is phenyl optionally substituted with up to 4 substituents independently selected from R} ¹³ _{; or a 5- or 6-membered heteroaromatic ring, each optionally} substituted on ring members with up to 4 substituents independently selected f _{rom R} ¹³ _{and on nitrogen ring members with up to 2 substituents independently selected from R} ¹⁶ _.

E _{mbodiment 72. A compound of Embodiment 71 wherein each Q} ⁴ _{is phenyl}

o _{ptionally substituted with up to 4 substituents independently selected from R} ¹³ _; or pyridinyl optionally substituted with up to 4 substituents independently s _{elected from R} ¹³ _. Embodiment 73. A compound of any one of Embodiments 1 through 72 wherein each Q ⁵ _{is phenyl optionally substituted on ring members with up to 4 substituents independently selected from R} ¹⁴ _{; or a 5- or 6-membered heteroaromatic ring,} each optionally substituted on carbon ring members with up to 4 substituents i _{ndependently selected from R} ¹⁴ _{and on nitrogen ring members with up to 2 substituents independently selected from R} ¹⁷ _.

E _{mbodiment 74. A compound of Embodiment 73 wherein each Q} ⁵ _{is phenyl}

optionally substituted on ring members with up to 4 substituents independently s _{elected from R} ¹⁴ _{; or pyridinyl optionally substituted on carbon ring members with up to 4 substituents independently selected from R} ¹⁴ _.

Embodiment 75. A compound of any one of Embodiments 1 through 74 wherein each R ¹² _{, R} ¹³ _{and R} ¹⁴ _{is independently halogen, cyano, hydroxy, amino,}

n ^{itro, -CHO, -C(=O)OH, -C(=O)NH} ₂ ^{, -SO} ₂ ^NH ₂ ^{, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ ^{alkyl, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ ^{haloalkyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₆ ^{alkenyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₆ ^{alkynyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{alkylcarbonyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{haloalkylcarbonyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{alkoxycarbonyl, C} ₄ ^–C ₁₀ ^{cycloalkoxycarbonyl, C} ₅ ^–C ₁₂

c ^{ycloalkylalkoxycarbonyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{alkylaminocarbonyl, C} ₃ ^–C ₁₀

d ^{ialkylaminocarbonyl, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ ^{alkoxy, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ ^{haloalkoxy, C} ₂ ^–C ₈

a ^{lkylcarbonyloxy, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ ^{alkylthio, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ ^{haloalkylthio, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ ^{alkylsulfinyl, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ ^{haloalkylsulfinyl, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ ^{alkylsulfonyl, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ ^{haloalkylsulfonyl, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ a ^{lkylaminosulfonyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{dialkylaminosulfonyl, C} ₃ ^–C ₁₀ ^{trialkylsilyl, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ a ^{lkylamino, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{dialkylamino, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{alkylcarbonylamino or C} ₁ ^–C ₆ alkylsulfonylamino.

E _{mbodiment 76. A compound of Embodiment 75 wherein each R} ¹² _{, R} ¹³ _{and R} ¹⁴ _is independently halogen, cyano, hydroxy, amino, nitro, -CHO, -C(=O)OH, - ^C(=O)NH ₂ ^{, -SO} ₂ ^NH ₂ ^{, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ ^{alkyl, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ ^haloalkyl.

E _{mbodiment 77. A compound of Embodiment 76 wherein each R} ¹² _{, R} ¹³ _{and R} ¹⁴ _is i ^{ndependently halogen, nitro, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ ^{alkyl or C} ₁ ^–C ₆ ^haloalkyl.

E _{mbodiment 78. A compound of Embodiment 77 wherein each R} ¹² _{, R} ¹³ _{and R} ¹⁴ _is i ^{ndependently halogen, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ ^{alkyl or C} ₁ ^–C ₆ ^haloalkyl.

E _{mbodiment 79. A compound of Embodiment 78 wherein each R} ¹² _{, R} ¹³ _{and R} ¹⁴ _is i ^{ndependently halogen or C} ₁ ^–C ₆ ^alkyl.

E _{mbodiment 80. A compound of Embodiment 79 wherein each R} ¹² _{, R} ¹³ _{and R} ¹⁴ _is independently halogen.

E _{mbodiment 81. A compound of Embodiment 80 wherein each R} ¹⁵ _{, R} ¹⁶ _{and R} ¹⁷ _is i ^{ndependently H, CH} ₃ ^{or CH} ₂ ^CH ₃ ^.

E _{mbodiment 82. A compound of Embodiment 81 wherein each R} ¹⁵ _{, R} ¹⁶ _{and R} ¹⁷ _is i ^{ndependently H or CH} ₃ ^. Embodiment 83. A compound of any one of Embodiments 1 through 82 wherein each R ¹⁸ and R ¹⁹ are independently H, halogen, C ₁ –C ₄ alkyl or C ₁ –C ₄ alkoxy. _{Embodiment 84. A compound Embodiment 83 wherein each R} ¹⁸ _{and R} ¹⁹ _are

i ^{ndependently H, halogen or C} ₁ ^–C ₄ ^alkyl.

E _{mbodiment 85. A compound Embodiment 84 wherein each R} ¹⁸ _{and R} ¹⁹ _are

independently H or halogen.

E _{mbodiment 86. A compound Embodiment 85 wherein each R} ¹⁸ _{and R} ¹⁹ _are

i ^{ndependently H or CH} ₃ ^.

E _{mbodiment 87. A compound of Embodiment 2 wherein Q} ¹ _{is an 8- to 9-membered} bicyclic ring system containing ring members selected from carbon atoms and 1 to 4 heteroatoms independently selected from up to 2 O atoms, each ring system o _{ptionally substituted with up to 4 substituents independently selected from R} ⁶ on carbon atom ring members.

E _{mbodiment 88. A compound of Embodiment 87 wherein Q} ¹ _{is an 8-membered} bicyclic ring system containing ring members selected from carbon atoms and 1 to 4 heteroatoms independently selected from up to 2 O atoms, each ring system o _{ptionally substituted with up to 4 substituents independently selected from R} ⁶ on carbon atom ring members.

E _{mbodiment 89. A compound of Embodiment 88 wherein Q} ¹ _{is an 8-membered} heteroaromatic bicyclic ring system containing ring members selected from carbon atoms and 2 O atoms, system optionally substituted with up to 3 s _{ubstituents independently selected from R} ⁶ _{on carbon atom ring members (i.e.} U-103 in Exhibit 3).

E _{mbodiment 90. A compound of Embodiment 89 wherein Q} ¹ _{is U-103A:}

U-103A _{Embodiment 91. A compound of Embodiment 6 wherein Q} ¹ _{is a phenyl ring}

s _{ubstituted with at least one substituent selected from R} ⁶ _{at the meta (i.e. 3-)} position (of the phenyl ring).

E _{mbodiment 92. A compound of Embodiment 1 wherein R} ⁶ _{is Q} ³ _{; or–W} ¹ _Q ³ _.

E _{mbodiment 93. A compound of Embodiment 1 wherein R} ⁶ _{is Q} ³ _.

Embodiment 94. A compound of Embodiment 1 wherein W ³ is–O–,–CH ₂ – or

– ^CH ₂ ^CH ₂ ^–. _{Embdoiment 95. A compund of Embodiment 1 wherein Q} ¹ _{is a phenyl ring optionally substituted with 1 to 4 substituents independently selected from R} ⁶ _{; or a 5- to} 6-membered heteroaromatic ring containing ring members selected from carbon atoms and 1 to 4 heteroatoms independently selected from up to 2 O, up to 2 S and up to 4 N atoms, optionally substituted with up to 4 substituents

i _{ndependently selected from R} ⁶ _{on carbon atom ring members and selected from R} ⁸ _{on nitrogen atom ring members.}

E _{mbodiment 96. A compound of Embodiment 1 wherein Q} ² _{is a phenyl ring}

o _{ptionally substituted with up to 5 substituents independently selected from R} ⁹ _; or a 5- to 6-membered fully unsaturated heterocyclic ring, each ring containing ring members selected from carbon atoms and 1 to 4 heteroatoms independently selected from up to 2 O, up to 2 S and up to 4 N atoms, each ring or ring system o _{ptionally substituted with up to 5 substituents independently selected from R} ⁹ o _{n carbon atom ring members and selected from R} ¹⁰ _{on nitrogen atom ring} members.

E _{mbodiment 97. A compound of Embodiment 96 wherein Q} ² _{is a phenyl ring}

o _{ptionally substituted with up to 5 substituents independently selected from R} ⁹ _; or a 6-membered fully unsaturated heterocyclic ring, each ring containing ring members selected from carbon atoms and 1 to 4 heteroatoms independently selected from up to 4 N atoms, each ring or ring system optionally substituted w _{ith up to 5 substituents independently selected from R} ⁹ _{on carbon atom ring} members.

E _{mbodiment 98. A compound of Embodiment 97 wherein Q} ² _{is a phenyl ring}

o _{ptionally substituted with up to 4 substituents independently selected from R} ⁹ _; or a pyridyl ring, optionally substituted with up to 4 substituents independently s _{elected from R} ⁹ _{on carbon atom ring members.}

E _{mbodiment 99. A compound of Embodiment 98 wherein Q} ² _{is a 3-pyridyl ring}

o _{ptionally substituted with up to 3 substituents independently selected from R} ⁹ on carbon atom ring members.

E _{mbodiment 100. A compound of Embodiment 99 wherein Q} ² _{is a 3-pyridyl ring} optionally substituted with up to 3 substituents independently selected from C ₁ ^–C ₈ ^{alkyl or C} ₁ ^–C ₈ ^haloalkyl.

E _{mbodiment 101. A compound of Embodiment 1 wherein each R} ⁶ _{is independently} h ^{alogen, C} ₁ ^–C ₈ ^{alkyl or C} ₁ ^–C ₈ ^haloalkyl.

E _{mbodiment 102. A compound of Embodiment 101 wherein each R} ⁶ _{is independently} C ^{l, F, CH} ₃ ^{or CF} ₃ ^.

E _{mbodiment 103. A compound of Embodiment 102 wherein each R} ⁶ _{is independently} C ^H ₃ ^. _{Embodiment 104. A compound of Embodiment 1 wherein each R} ⁹ _{is independently F,} C ^{l, CH} ₃ ^{or CF} ₃ ^.

Embodiments of this invention, including Embodiments 1–104 above as well as any other embodiments described herein, can be combined in any manner, and the descriptions of variables in the embodiments pertain not only to the compounds of Formula 1 but also to the starting compounds and intermediate compounds useful for preparing the compounds of Formula 1. In addition, embodiments of this invention, including Embodiments 1–104 above as well as any other embodiments described herein, and any combination thereof, pertain to the compositions and methods of the present invention.

Embodiment A. A compound of Formula 1 wherein:

Q ¹ _{is a phenyl ring or a naphthalenyl ring system, each ring or ring system optionally substituted with up to 4 substituents independently selected from R} ⁶ _{; or a 5- to} 6-membered heterocyclic ring or an 8- to 10-membered bicyclic ring system, each ring or ring system containing ring members selected from carbon atoms and 1 to 4 heteroatoms independently selected from up to 2 O, up to 2 S and up to 4 N atoms, wherein up to 2 carbon ring members are independently selected from C(=O) and C(=S), and the sulfur atom ring members are independently s ^{elected from S(=O)} _u ^(=NR7) _v ^{, each ring or ring system optionally substituted} w _{ith up to 4 substituents independently selected from R} ⁶ _{on carbon atom ring members and selected from R} ⁸ _{on nitrogen atom ring members;}

Q ² _{is a phenyl ring optionally substituted with up to 4 substituents independently}

s _{elected from R} ⁹ _{; or a 5- to 6-membered heterocyclic ring or an 8- to 10-} membered bicyclic ring system, each ring or ring system containing ring members selected from carbon atoms and 1 to 4 heteroatoms independently selected from up to 2 O, up to 2 S and up to 4 N atoms, wherein up to 2 carbon ring members are independently selected from C(=O) and C(=S), and the sulfur a ^{tom ring members are independently selected from S(=O)} _u ^(=NR7) _v ^{, each ring} or ring system optionally substituted with up to 4 substituents independently s _{elected from R} ⁹ _{on carbon atom ring members and selected from R} ¹⁰ _on nitrogen atom ring members;

R ¹ is H, C ₁ –C ₆ alkyl or C ₃ –C ₆ cycloalkyl; or Q ³ ; or–W ¹ Q ³ ;

R ^{2 and R3 are each independently H, halogen, C} ₁ ^–C ₄ ^{alkyl or C} ₁ ^–C ₄ ^alkoxy;

R ^2a and R ^3a are each independently H, C ₁ –C ₆ alkyl or C ₁ –C ₆ alkoxy;

R ^{4 is H, halogen or C} ₁ ^–C ₄ ^alkyl;

R ^{5 is H, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ ^{alkyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₆ ^{alkenyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{alkoxyalkyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{alkylthioalkyl, C} ₂ ^{– C} ₈ ^{alkylsulfonylalkyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{alkylcarbonyl, C} ₄ ^–C ₁₀ ^{cycloalkylcarbonyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ a ^{lkoxycarbonyl, C} ₄ ^–C ₁₀ ^{cycloalkoxycarbonyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{alkylaminocarbonyl, C} ₄ ^{– C} ₁₀ ^{cycloalkylaminocarbonyl, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ ^{alkoxy, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ ^{alkylthio, C} ₃ ^–C ₈ ^{cycloalkylthio, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ ^{alkylsulfinyl, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ ^{alkylsulfonyl, C} ₁ ^–C ₆

h ^{aloalkylsulfonyl, C} ₃ ^–C ₈ ^{cycloalkylsulfonyl, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ ^{alkylaminosulfonyl, C} ₂ ^–C _{8 dialkylaminosulfonyl; or Q} ⁴ _{; or–W} ² _Q ⁴ _;

e ^{ach R6 and R9 is independently halogen, nitro, C} ₁ ^–C ₈ ^{alkyl, C} ₁ ^–C ₈ ^{cyanoalkyl, C} ₁ ^{– C} ₈ ^{cyanoalkoxy, C} ₁ ^–C ₈ ^{haloalkyl, C} ₁ ^–C ₈ ^{nitroalkyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{alkenyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ h ^{aloalkenyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{nitroalkenyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{alkoxyalkyl, C} ₃ ^–C ₈ ^{alkoxyalkoxyalkyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{haloalkoxyalkyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{haloalkoxyhaloalkoxy, C} ₄ ^–C ₁₀ ^{cycloalkylalkyl, C} ₄ ^–C ₁₀ ^{halocycloalkylalkyl, C} ₅ ^–C ₁₂ ^{alkylcycloalkylalkyl, C} ₅ ^–C ₁₂

c ^{ycloalkylalkenyl, C} ₃ ^–C ₈ ^{cycloalkyl, C} ₃ ^–C ₈ ^{halocycloalkyl, C} ₄ ^–C ₁₀

a ^{lkylcycloalkyl, C} ₆ ^–C ₁₂ ^{cycloalkylcycloalkyl, C} ₃ ^–C ₈ ^{cycloalkenyl, C} ₃ ^–C ₈ h ^{alocycloalkenyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{haloalkoxyalkoxy, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{alkoxyalkoxy, C} ₄ ^–C ₁₀ c ^{ycloalkoxyalkyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{alkylcarbonyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{haloalkylcarbonyl, C} ₄ ^–C ₁₀ c ^{ycloalkylcarbonyl, -C(=O)OH, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{alkoxycarbonyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈

h ^{aloalkoxycarbonyl, C} ₄ ^–C ₁₀ ^{cycloalkoxycarbonyl, C} ₅ ^–C ₁₂

c ^{ycloalkylalkoxycarbonyl, -C(=O)NH} ₂ ^{, C} ₁ ^–C ₈ ^{alkoxy, C} ₁ ^–C ₈ ^{haloalkoxy, C} ₂ ^{– C} ₈ ^{alkoxyalkoxy, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{alkenyloxy, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{haloalkenyloxy, C} ₃ ^–C ₈

c ^{ycloalkoxy, C} ₃ ^–C ₈ ^{halocycloalkoxy, C} ₄ ^–C ₁₀ ^{cycloalkylalkoxy, C} ₃ ^–C ₁₀ a ^{lkylcarbonylalkoxy, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{alkylcarbonyloxy, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{haloalkylcarbonyloxy, C} ₄ ^–C ₁₀ ^{cycloalkylcarbonyloxy, C} ₁ ^–C ₈ ^{alkylsulfonyloxy, C} ₁ ^–C ₈

h ^{aloalkylsulfonyloxy, C} ₁ ^–C ₈ ^{alkylsulfonyl, C} ₁ ^–C ₈ ^{haloalkylsulfonyl, C} ₃ ^–C _{8 cycloalkylsulfonyl; or Q} ⁵ _{; or–W} ³ _Q ⁵ _;

R ⁷ is independently H, cyano or C ₂ alkylcarbonyl;

e ^{ach R8 and R10 is independently cyano, C} ₁ ^–C ₃ ^{alkyl, C} ₃ ^–C ₆ ^{cycloalkyl, C} ₁ ^–C ₃

a ^{lkoxy, C} ₂ ^–C ₃ ^{alkylcarbonyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₃ ^{alkoxycarbonyl or C} ₂ ^–C ₃ ^{alkylaminoalkyl;} each R ¹¹ is independently H or C ₁ –C ₄ alkyl;

W ^{1 is–O–, C} ₁ ^–C ₃ ^{alkanediyl or–C(=O)(C} ₁ ^–C ₃ ^alkyl)–;

W ² is–O– or–CH ₂ –;

W ³ is–O– or–CH ₂ –;

e _{ach Q} ³ _{is phenyl; or a 5- or 6-membered heteroaromatic ring, each optionally}

substituted on ring members with up to 4 substituents independently selected f _{rom R} ¹² _{and on nitrogen ring members with up to 2 substituents independently selected from R} ¹⁵ _;

e _{ach Q} ⁴ _{is phenyl optionally substituted with up to 4 substituents independently}

s _{elected from R} ¹³ _{; or a 5- or 6-membered heteroaromatic ring, each optionally} substituted on ring members with up to 4 substituents independently selected f _{rom R} ¹³ _{and on nitrogen ring members with up to 2 substituents independently selected from R} ¹⁶ _{; each Q} ⁵ _{is phenyl optionally substituted on ring members with up to 4 substituents independently selected from R} ¹⁴ _{; or a 5- or 6-membered heteroaromatic ring,} each optionally substituted on carbon ring members with up to 4 substituents i _{ndependently selected from R} ¹⁴ _{and on nitrogen ring members with up to 2 substituents independently selected from R} ¹⁷ _;

e _{ach R} ¹² _{, R} ¹³ _{and R} ¹⁴ _{is independently halogen, cyano, hydroxy, amino,}

n ^{itro, -CHO, -C(=O)OH, -C(=O)NH} ₂ ^{, -SO} ₂ ^NH ₂ ^{, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ ^{alkyl, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ ^{haloalkyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₆ ^{alkenyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₆ ^{alkynyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{alkylcarbonyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{haloalkylcarbonyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{alkoxycarbonyl, C} ₄ ^–C ₁₀ ^{cycloalkoxycarbonyl, C} ₅ ^–C ₁₂

c ^{ycloalkylalkoxycarbonyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{alkylaminocarbonyl, C} ₃ ^–C ₁₀

d ^{ialkylaminocarbonyl, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ ^{alkoxy, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ ^{haloalkoxy, C} ₂ ^–C ₈

a ^{lkylcarbonyloxy, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ ^{alkylthio, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ ^{haloalkylthio, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ ^{alkylsulfinyl, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ ^{haloalkylsulfinyl, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ ^{alkylsulfonyl, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ ^{haloalkylsulfonyl, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ a ^{lkylaminosulfonyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{dialkylaminosulfonyl, C} ₃ ^–C ₁₀ ^{trialkylsilyl, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ a ^{lkylamino, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{dialkylamino, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{alkylcarbonylamino or C} ₁ ^–C ₆ alkylsulfonylamino;

e _{ach R} ¹⁵ _{, R} ¹⁶ _{and R} ¹⁷ _{is independently H, CH3 or CH2CH3; and}

each R ¹⁸ and R ¹⁹ are independently H, halogen, C ₁ –C ₄ alkyl or C ₁ –C ₄ alkoxy.

Embodiment B. A compound of Embodiment A wherein

Q ¹ _{is a phenyl ring optionally substituted with up to 4 substituents independently}

s _{elected from R} ⁶ _{; or a 5- to 6-membered heterocyclic ring, each ring containing} ring members selected from carbon atoms and 1 to 4 heteroatoms independently selected from up to 2 O, up to 2 S and up to 4 N atoms, each ring optionally s _{ubstituted with up to 4 substituents independently selected from R} ⁶ _{on carbon atom ring members and selected from R} ⁸ _{on nitrogen atom ring members;}

Q ² _{is a phenyl ring optionally substituted with up to 4 substituents independently}

s _{elected from R} ⁹ _{; or a 5- to 6-membered heterocyclic ring containing ring} members selected from carbon atoms and 1 to 4 heteroatoms independently selected from up to 2 O, up to 2 S and up to 4 N atoms, wherein up to 2 carbon ring members are independently selected from C(=O) and C(=S), and the sulfur a ^{tom ring members are independently selected from S(=O)} _u ^(=NR7) _v ^{, each ring} o _{ptionally substituted with up to 4 substituents independently selected from R} ⁹ o _{n carbon atom ring members and selected from R} ¹⁰ _{on nitrogen atom ring} members;

J _is–CR ² _R ³ _–;

Y ¹ _{is O or S;}

R ^{1 is H, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ ^alkyl;

R ² and R ³ are each independently H or C ₁ –C ₄ alkyl; R ⁴ is H, Cl, Br or CH ₃ ;

R ^{5 is H, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ ^{alkyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{alkoxyalkyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{alkylthioalkyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{alkylcarbonyl, C} ₄ ^–C ₁₀ ^{cycloalkylcarbonyl or C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{alkoxycarbonyl;}

e ^{ach R6 and R9 is independently halogen, C} ₁ ^–C ₈ ^{alkyl, C} ₁ ^–C ₈ ^{haloalkyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈

a ^{lkoxyalkyl, C} ₃ ^–C ₈ ^{alkoxyalkoxyalkyl, C} ₄ ^–C ₁₀ ^{cycloalkylalkyl, C} ₅ ^–C ₁₂ a ^{lkylcycloalkylalkyl, C} ₃ ^–C ₈ ^{cycloalkyl, C} ₃ ^–C ₈ ^{halocycloalkyl, C} ₆ ^–C ₁₂ c ^{ycloalkylcycloalkyl, C} ₃ ^–C ₈ ^{halocycloalkenyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{haloalkoxyalkoxy, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ a ^{lkoxyalkoxy, C} ₄ ^–C ₁₀ ^{cycloalkoxyalkyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{alkylcarbonyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ h ^{aloalkylcarbonyl, C} ₄ ^–C ₁₀ ^{cycloalkylcarbonyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{alkoxycarbonyl, C} ₄ ^–C ₁₀ c ^{ycloalkoxycarbonyl, C} ₅ ^–C ₁₂ ^{cycloalkylalkoxycarbonyl, -C(=O)NH} ₂ ^{, C} ₁ ^–C ₈ a ^{lkoxy, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{alkoxyalkoxy, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{haloalkenyloxy, C} ₃ ^–C ₈ ^{cycloalkoxy, C} ₃ ^{– C} ₈ ^{halocycloalkoxy, C} ₄ ^–C ₁₀ ^{cycloalkylalkoxy, C} ₃ ^–C ₁₀ ^{alkylcarbonylalkoxy or C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{haloalkylcarbonyloxy;}

R ⁷ _{is independently H or cyano;}

e ^{ach R8 and R10 is independently C} ₁ ^–C ₃ ^{alkyl, C} ₃ ^–C ₆ ^{cycloalkyl or C} ₂ ^–C ₃

alkoxycarbonyl; and

e _{ach R} ¹¹ _{is independently H or CH3.}

Embodiment C. A compound of Embodiment B whererin

Q ¹ _{is a phenyl ring optionally substituted with up to 4 substituents independently}

s _{elected from R} ⁶ _;

Q ² _{is a phenyl ring optionally substituted with up to 4 substituents independently}

s _{elected from R} ⁹ _;

G _is–N(R ¹ _)–;

Y ¹ _{is O;}

Y ² _{is O;}

R ¹ is H or CH ₃ ;

R ² _{and R} ³ _{are each independently H or CH3;}

R ⁴ is H, Br or CH ₃ ;

R ^{5 is H, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ ^{alkyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{alkoxyalkyl or C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{alkylcarbonyl; and}

e ^{ach R6 and R9 is independently halogen, C} ₁ ^–C ₈ ^{alkyl, C} ₁ ^–C ₈ ^{haloalkyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈

a ^{lkoxyalkyl, C} ₄ ^–C ₁₀ ^{cycloalkylalkyl, C} ₅ ^–C ₁₂ ^{alkylcycloalkylalkyl, C} ₃ ^–C ₈ c ^{ycloalkyl, C} ₃ ^–C ₈ ^{halocycloalkyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{haloalkoxyalkoxy or C} ₂ ^–C ₈ alkoxyalkoxy.

Embodiment D. A compound of Formula C wherein

Q ¹ _{is a phenyl ring optionally substituted with up to 3 substituents independently}

s _{elected from R} ⁶ _;

Q ² _{is a phenyl ring optionally substituted with up to 3 substituents independently}

s _{elected from R} ⁹ _{; R} ² _{and R} ³ _{are each independently H;}

R ⁴ _{is H or Br; and}

e ^{ach R6 and R9 is independently halogen, C} ₁ ^–C ₈ ^{alkyl or C} ₃ ^–C ₈ ^cycloalkyl.

Embodiment E. A compound of Formula D wherein

Q ¹ _{is a phenyl ring optionally substituted with up to 2 substituents independently}

s _{elected from R} ⁶ _;

Q ² _{is a phenyl ring optionally substituted with up to 2 substituents independently}

s _{elected from R} ⁹ _;

R ⁴ _{is H;}

R ⁵ _{is H; and}

e _{ach R} ⁶ _{and R} ⁹ _{is independently halogen.}

Specific Embodiments of the Invention include a compound of the Summary of the

Invention selected from:

4-(3,4-difluorophenyl)-N-(2-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-3-oxazolidin ecarboxamide

(Compound 3); and

N-(2,3-difluorophenyl)-2-oxo-5-phenyl-1-imidazolidinecarboxa mide (Compound 12); Embodiment P. A compound of Formula 1P (including all stereoisomers), including N-oxides and salts thereof, agricultural compositions containing them and their use as herbicides:

wherein

Q ¹ _{is a phenyl ring or a naphthalenyl ring system, each ring or ring system optionally substituted with up to 5 substituents independently selected from R} ⁶ _{; or a 4- to} 7-membered heterocyclic ring or an 8- to 10-membered bicyclic ring system, each ring or ring system containing ring members selected from carbon atoms and 1 to 4 heteroatoms independently selected from up to 2 O, up to 2 S and up to 4 N atoms, wherein up to 3 carbon ring members are independently selected from C(=O) and C(=S), and the sulfur atom ring members are independently s ^{elected from S(=O)} _u ^(=NR7) _v ^{, each ring or ring system optionally substituted} w _{ith up to 5 substituents independently selected from R} ⁶ _{on carbon atom ring members and selected from R} ⁸ _{on nitrogen atom ring members; Q} ² _{is a phenyl ring or a naphthalenyl ring system, each ring or ring system optionally substituted with up to 5 substituents independently selected from R} ⁹ _{; or a 4- to} 7-membered heterocyclic ring or an 8- to 10-membered bicyclic ring system, each ring or ring system containing ring members selected from carbon atoms and 1 to 4 heteroatoms independently selected from up to 2 O, up to 2 S and up to 4 N atoms, wherein up to 3 carbon ring members are independently selected from C(=O) and C(=S), and the sulfur atom ring members are independently s ^{elected from S(=O)} _u ^(=NR7) _v ^{, each ring or ring system optionally substituted} w _{ith up to 5 substituents independently selected from R} ⁹ _{on carbon atom ring members and selected from R} ¹⁰ _{on nitrogen atom ring members;}

J _is–CR ² _R ³ _{– or–CR} ² _R ³ _–CR ^2a _R ^3a _{– (where the bond projecting to the left is}

connected to G);

G _{is–O–,–N(R} ¹ _{)– or–C(R} ¹⁸ _)(R ¹⁹ _)–;

Y ¹ _{is O, S or NR} ¹¹ _;

Y ² _{is O or S;}

R ^{1 is H, hydroxy, amino, cyano, formyl, C} ₃ ^–C ₈ ^{alkylcarbonylalkyl, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ ^{alkyl, C} ₁ ^{– C} ₆ ^{haloalkyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₆ ^{alkenyl, C} ₃ ^–C ₆ ^{alkynyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₆ ^{cyanoalkyl, C} ₃ ^–C ₆ c ^{ycloalkyl, C} ₄ ^–C ₈ ^{cycloalkylalkyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{alkoxyalkyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{haloalkoxyalkyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{haloalkenylalkyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{alkylthioalkyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{alkylsulfinylalkyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ a ^{lkylsulfonylalkyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{alkylcarbonyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{haloalkylcarbonyl, C} ₄ ^–C ₁₀ c ^{ycloalkylcarbonyl, C} ₅ ^–C ₁₀ ^{cycloalkylcarbonylalkyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈

h ^{aloalkoxycarbonyl, C} ₄ ^–C ₁₀ ^{cycloalkoxycarbonyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{alkylaminocarbonyl, C} ₃ ^–C ₁₀ ^{dialkylaminocarbonyl, C} ₄ ^–C ₁₀ ^{cycloalkylaminocarbonyl, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ ^{alkoxy, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ ^{alkylthio, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ ^{haloalkylthio, C} ₃ ^–C ₈ ^{cycloalkylthio, C} ₁ ^–C ₆

a ^{lkylsulfinyl, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ ^{haloalkylsulfinyl, C} ₃ ^–C ₈ ^{cycloalkylsulfinyl, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ a ^{lkylsulfonyl, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ ^{haloalkylsulfonyl, C} ₃ ^–C ₈ ^{cycloalkylsulfonyl, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ a ^{lkylaminosulfonyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{dialkylaminosulfonyl or C} ₃ ^–C ₁₀ ^{trialkylsilyl; or Q1;} o _r–W ¹ _Q ¹ _;

R ^{2 and R3 are each independently H, halogen, hydroxy, C} ₁ ^–C ₄ ^{alkyl, C} ₁ ^–C ₄ ^{haloalkyl or C} ₁ ^–C ₄ ^alkoxy;

R ^{2a and R3a are each independently H, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ ^{alkyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₆ ^{alkenyl, C} ₃ ^–C ₆ ^{alkynyl or C} ₁ ^–C ₆ ^alkoxy;

R ^{4 is H, halogen, hydroxy, C} ₁ ^–C ₄ ^{alkoxy, C} ₁ ^–C ₄ ^{haloalkyl or C} ₁ ^–C ₄ ^alkyl;

R ^{5 is H, hydroxy, amino, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ ^{alkyl, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ ^{haloalkyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₆ ^{alkenyl, C} ₃ ^–C ₆

a ^{lkynyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{alkoxyalkyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{haloalkoxyalkyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{alkylthioalkyl, C} ₂ ^{– C} ₈ ^{alkylsulfinylalkyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{alkylsulfonylalkyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{alkylcarbonyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ h ^{aloalkylcarbonyl, C} ₄ ^–C ₁₀ ^{cycloalkylcarbonyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{alkoxycarbonyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ h ^{aloalkoxycarbonyl, C} ₄ ^–C ₁₀ ^{cycloalkoxycarbonyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{alkylaminocarbonyl, C} ₃ ^–C ₁₀ ^{dialkylaminocarbonyl, C} ₄ ^–C ₁₀ ^{cycloalkylaminocarbonyl, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ ^{alkoxy, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ ^{alkylthio, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ ^{haloalkylthio, C} ₃ ^–C ₈ ^{cycloalkylthio, C} ₁ ^–C ₆

a ^{lkylsulfinyl, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ ^{haloalkylsulfinyl, C} ₃ ^–C ₈ ^{cycloalkylsulfinyl, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ a ^{lkylsulfonyl, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ ^{haloalkylsulfonyl, C} ₃ ^–C ₈ ^{cycloalkylsulfonyl, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ a ^{lkylaminosulfonyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{dialkylaminosulfonyl or C} ₃ ^–C ₁₀ ^{trialkylsilyl; or Q2;} o _r–W ² _Q ² _;

each R ⁶ and R ⁹ is independently halogen, hydroxy, cyano, nitro, amino, C ₁ –C ₈ alkyl, C ₁ ^–C ₈ ^{cyanoalkyl, C} ₁ ^–C ₈ ^{cyanoalkoxy, C} ₁ ^–C ₈ ^{haloalkyl, C} ₁ ^–C ₈ ^{nitroalkyl, C} ₂ ^{– C} ₈ ^{alkenyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{haloalkenyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{nitroalkenyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{alkynyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ h ^{aloalkynyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{alkoxyalkyl, C} ₃ ^–C ₈ ^{alkoxyalkoxyalkyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈

h ^{aloalkoxyalkyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{haloalkoxyhaloalkoxy, C} ₄ ^–C ₁₀ ^{cycloalkylalkyl, C} ₄ ^–C ₁₀ h ^{alocycloalkylalkyl, C} ₅ ^–C ₁₂ ^{alkylcycloalkylalkyl, C} ₅ ^–C ₁₂ ^{cycloalkylalkenyl, C} ₅ ^–C ₁₂ ^{cycloalkylalkynyl, C} ₃ ^–C ₈ ^{cycloalkyl, C} ₃ ^–C ₈ ^{halocycloalkyl, C} ₄ ^–C ₁₀ a ^{lkylcycloalkyl, C} ₆ ^–C ₁₂ ^{cycloalkylcycloalkyl, C} ₃ ^–C ₈ ^{cycloalkenyl, C} ₃ ^–C ₈ h ^{alocycloalkenyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{haloalkoxyalkoxy, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{alkoxyalkoxy, C} ₄ ^–C ₁₀ c ^{ycloalkoxyalkyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{alkylthioalkyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{alkylsulfinylalkyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ a ^{lkylsulfonylalkyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{alkylamino, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{dialkylamino, C} ₂ ^–C ₈

h ^{alodialkylamino, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{alkylaminoalkyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{haloalkylaminoalkyl, C} ₄ ^–C ₁₀ c ^{ycloalkylaminoalkyl, C} ₃ ^–C ₁₀ ^{dialkylaminoalkyl, -CHO, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{alkylcarbonyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{haloalkylcarbonyl, C} ₄ ^–C ₁₀ ^{cycloalkylcarbonyl, -C(=O)OH, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ a ^{lkoxycarbonyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{haloalkoxycarbonyl, C} ₄ ^–C ₁₀ ^{cycloalkoxycarbonyl, C} ₅ ^{– C} ₁₂ ^{cycloalkylalkoxycarbonyl, -C(=O)NH} ₂ ^{, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{alkylaminocarbonyl, C} ₄ ^–C ₁₀ c ^{ycloalkylaminocarbonyl, C} ₃ ^–C ₁₀ ^{dialkylaminocarbonyl, C} ₁ ^–C ₈ ^{alkoxy, C} ₁ ^–C ₈ h ^{aloalkoxy, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{alkoxyalkoxy, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{alkenyloxy, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{haloalkenyloxy, C} ₃ ^–C ₈ ^{alkynyloxy, C} ₃ ^–C ₈ ^{haloalkynyloxy, C} ₃ ^–C ₈ ^{cycloalkoxy, C} ₃ ^–C ₈ h ^{alocycloalkoxy, C} ₄ ^–C ₁₀ ^{cycloalkylalkoxy, C} ₃ ^–C ₁₀ ^{alkylcarbonylalkoxy, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ a ^{lkylcarbonyloxy, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{haloalkylcarbonyloxy, C} ₄ ^–C ₁₀ ^{cycloalkylcarbonyloxy, C} ₁ ^–C ₈ ^{alkylsulfonyloxy, C} ₁ ^–C ₈ ^{haloalkylsulfonyloxy, C} ₁ ^–C ₈ ^{alkylthio, C} ₁ ^–C ₈ h ^{aloalkylthio, C} ₃ ^–C ₈ ^{cycloalkylthio, C} ₁ ^–C ₈ ^{alkylsulfinyl, C} ₁ ^–C ₈

h ^{aloalkylsulfinyl, C} ₁ ^–C ₈ ^{alkylsulfonyl, C} ₁ ^–C ₈ ^{haloalkylsulfonyl, C} ₃ ^–C ₈ c ^{ycloalkylsulfonyl, formylamino, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{alkylcarbonylamino, C} ₂ ^–C ₈

h ^{aloalkylcarbonylamino, C} ₃ ^–C ₈ ^{cycloalkylamino, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{alkoxycarbonylamino, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ ^{alkylsulfonylamino, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ ^{haloalkylsulfonylamino, -SF} ₅ ^{, -SCN, SO} ₂ ^NH ₂ ^{, C} ₃ ^–C ₁₂ ^{trialkylsilyl, C} ₄ ^–C ₁₂ ^{trialkylsilylalkyl or C} ₄ ^–C ₁₂

t _{rialkylsilylalkoxy; or Q} ³ _{; or–W} ³ _Q ³ _;

e ^{ach R7 is independently H, cyano, C} ₂ ^–C ₃ ^{alkylcarbonyl or C} ₂ ^–C ₃ ^{haloalkylcarbonyl; each R8 and R10 is independently cyano, C} ₁ ^–C ₃ ^{alkyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₃ ^{alkenyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₃ ^{alkynyl, C} ₃ ^–C ₆ ^{cycloalkyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₃ ^{alkoxyalkyl, C} ₁ ^–C ₃ ^{alkoxy, C} ₂ ^–C ₃ ^{alkylcarbonyl, C} ₂ ^{– C} ₃ ^{alkoxycarbonyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₃ ^{alkylaminoalkyl or C} ₃ ^–C ₄ ^{dialkylaminoalkyl;}

e ^{ach R11 is independently H, cyano, hydroxy, CHO, C} ₁ ^–C ₄ ^{alkyl, C} ₁ ^–C ₄ ^{haloalkyl, C} ₁ ^–C ₄ ^{alkoxy, C} ₂ ^–C ₆ ^{alkylcarbonyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₆ ^{haloalkylcarbonyl, -(C=O)CH} ₃ o ^{r -(C=O)CF} ₃ ^;

W ^{1 is–O–,–OS(=O)} ₂ ^{–,–C(=O)–, C} ₁ ^–C ₃ ^{alkanediyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₃ ^{alkenediyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₃

a ^{lkynediyl,–C(=O)(C} ₁ ^–C ₃ ^{alkyl)–,–C(=O)(C} ₂ ^–C ₃ ^{alkenyl)–,–C(=O)(C} ₁ ^–C ₄ alkynyl)–;

W ^{2 is–O–,–OS(=O)} ₂ ^{–,–C(=O)– or C} ₁ ^–C ₃ ^alkanediyl;

W ^{3 is–O–,–OS(=O)} ₂ ^{–,–C(=O)– or C} ₁ ^–C ₃ ^alkanediyl;

e ^{ach Q1 is alkyl) phenyl optionally substituted on ring members} w _{ith up to 5 substituents independently selected from R} ¹² _{; or a 5- or 6-} membered heteroaromatic ring, each optionally substituted on ring members with u _{p to 5 substituents independently selected from R} ¹² _{and on nitrogen ring members with up to 2 substituents independently selected from R} ¹⁵ _;

e _{ach Q} ² _{is phenyl optionally substituted on ring members with up to 5 substituents independently selected from R} ¹³ _{; or a 5- or 6-membered heteroaromatic ring,} each optionally substituted on ring members with up to 5 substituents i _{ndependently selected from R} ¹³ _{and on nitrogen ring members with up to 2 substituents independently selected from R} ¹⁶ _;

e _{ach Q} ³ _{is phenyl optionally substituted on ring members with up to 5 substituents independently selected from R} ¹⁴ _{; or a 5- or 6-membered heteroaromatic ring,} each optionally substituted on carbon ring members with up to 5 substituents i _{ndependently selected from R} ¹⁴ _{and on nitrogen ring members with up to 2 substituents independently selected from R} ¹⁷ _;

e _{ach R} ¹² _{, R} ¹³ _{and R} ¹⁴ _{is independently halogen, cyano, hydroxy, amino,}

n ^{itro, -CHO, -C(=O)OH, -C(=O)NH} ₂ ^{, -SO} ₂ ^NH ₂ ^{, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ ^{alkyl, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ ^{haloalkyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₆ ^{alkenyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₆ ^{alkynyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{alkylcarbonyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{haloalkylcarbonyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{alkoxycarbonyl, C} ₄ ^–C ₁₀ ^{cycloalkoxycarbonyl, C} ₅ ^–C ₁₂

c ^{ycloalkylalkoxycarbonyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{alkylaminocarbonyl, C} ₃ ^–C ₁₀

d ^{ialkylaminocarbonyl, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ ^{alkoxy, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ ^{haloalkoxy, C} ₂ ^–C ₈

a ^{lkylcarbonyloxy, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ ^{alkylthio, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ ^{haloalkylthio, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ ^{alkylsulfinyl, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ ^{haloalkylsulfinyl, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ ^{alkylsulfonyl, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ ^{haloalkylsulfonyl, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ a ^{lkylaminosulfonyl, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{dialkylaminosulfonyl, C} ₃ ^–C ₁₀ ^{trialkylsilyl, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ a ^{lkylamino, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{dialkylamino, C} ₂ ^–C ₈ ^{alkylcarbonylamino, C} ₁ ^–C ₆ alkylsulfonylamino, phenyl, pyridinyl or thienyl;

e _{ach R} ¹⁵ _{, R} ¹⁶ _{and R} ¹⁷ _{is independently H or C1–C6 alkyl;} each R ¹⁸ and R ¹⁹ are independently H, halogen, hydroxy, C ₁ –C ₄ alkyl, C ₁ –C ₄ h ^{aloalkyl or C} ₁ ^–C ₄ ^{alkoxy; and}

e ^{ach u and v are independently 0, 1 or 2 in each instance of S(=O)} _u ^(=NR7) _v ^{, provided} that the sum of u and v is 0, 1 or 2;

p _{rovided when Q} ¹ _{is a phenyl ring, Q} ² _{is a phenyl ring substituted by R} ¹⁰ _{at the 3- position, G is–O–, Y} ¹ _{is O, Y} ² _{is O, J is–CR} ² _R ³ _{–, R} ² _{is H, R} ⁴ _{is H, R} ⁵ _{is H and R} ¹⁰ _{is Cl, then R} ³ _{is other than i-Pr (CA# 158323-70-7).}

This invention also relates to a method for controlling undesired vegetation comprising applying to the locus of the vegetation herbicidally effective amounts of the compounds of the invention (e.g., as a composition described herein). Of note as embodiments relating to methods of use are those involving the compounds of embodiments described above. Compounds of the invention are particularly useful for selective control of weeds in wheat, barley, maize, soybean, sunflower, cotton, oilseed rape and rice, and specialty crops such as sugarcane, citrus, fruit and nut crops.

Also noteworthy as embodiments are herbicidal compositions of the present invention comprising the compounds of embodiments described above.

This invention also includes a herbicidal mixture comprising (a) a compound selected from Formula 1, N-oxides, and salts thereof, and (b) at least one additional active ingredient selected from (b1) photosystem II inhibitors, (b2) acetohydroxy acid synthase (AHAS) inhibitors, (b3) acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitors, (b4) auxin mimics, (b5) 5-enol-pyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate (EPSP) synthase inhibitors, (b6) photosystem I electron diverters, (b7) protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) inhibitors, (b8) glutamine synthetase (GS) inhibitors, (b9) very long chain fatty acid (VLCFA) elongase inhibitors, (b10) auxin transport inhibitors, (b11) phytoene desaturase (PDS) inhibitors, (b12) 4-hydroxyphenyl-pyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibitors, (b13) homogentisate solenesyltransererase (HST) inhibitors, (b14) cellulose biosynthesis inhibitors, (b15) other herbicides including mitotic disruptors, organic arsenicals, asulam, bromobutide, cinmethylin, cumyluron, dazomet, difenzoquat, dymron, etobenzanid, flurenol, fosamine, fosamine-ammonium, hydantocidin, metam, methyldymron, oleic acid, oxaziclomefone, pelargonic acid and pyributicarb, and (b16) herbicide safeners; and salts of compounds of (b1) through (b16).

“Photosystem II inhibitors” (b1) are chemical compounds that bind to the D-1 protein ^{at the Q} _B ^{-binding niche and thus block electron transport from Q} _A ^{to Q} _B ^{in the chloroplast} thylakoid membranes. The electrons blocked from passing through photosystem II are transferred through a series of reactions to form toxic compounds that disrupt cell membranes and cause chloroplast swelling, membrane leakage, and ultimately cellular ^{destruction. The Q} _B ^{-binding niche has three different binding sites: binding site A binds the} triazines such as atrazine, triazinones such as hexazinone, and uracils such as bromacil, binding site B binds the phenylureas such as diuron, and binding site C binds benzothiadiazoles such as bentazon, nitriles such as bromoxynil and phenyl-pyridazines such as pyridate. Examples of photosystem II inhibitors include ametryn, amicarbazone, atrazine, bentazon, bromacil, bromofenoxim, bromoxynil, chlorbromuron, chloridazon, chlorotoluron, chloroxuron, cumyluron, cyanazine, daimuron, desmedipham, desmetryn, dimefuron, dimethametryn, diuron, ethidimuron, fenuron, fluometuron, hexazinone, ioxynil, isoproturon, isouron, lenacil, linuron, metamitron, methabenzthiazuron, metobromuron, metoxuron, metribuzin, monolinuron, neburon, pentanochlor, phenmedipham, prometon, prometryn, propanil, propazine, pyridafol, pyridate, siduron, simazine, simetryn, tebuthiuron, terbacil, terbumeton, terbuthylazine, terbutryn and trietazine.

“AHAS inhibitors” (b2) are chemical compounds that inhibit acetohydroxy acid synthase (AHAS), also known as acetolactate synthase (ALS), and thus kill plants by inhibiting the production of the branched-chain aliphatic amino acids such as valine, leucine and isoleucine, which are required for protein synthesis and cell growth. Examples of AHAS inhibitors include amidosulfuron, azimsulfuron, bensulfuron-methyl, bispyribac-sodium, cloransulam-methyl, chlorimuron-ethyl, chlorsulfuron, cinosulfuron, cyclosulfamuron, diclosulam, ethametsulfuron-methyl, ethoxysulfuron, flazasulfuron, florasulam, flucarbazone-sodium, flumetsulam, flupyrsulfuron-methyl, flupyrsulfuron- sodium, foramsulfuron, halosulfuron-methyl, imazamethabenz-methyl, imazamox, imazapic, imazapyr, imazaquin, imazethapyr, imazosulfuron, iodosulfuron-methyl (including sodium salt), iofensulfuron (2-iodo-N-[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2- yl)amino]carbonyl]benzenesulfonamide), mesosulfuron-methyl, metazosulfuron (3-chloro-4- (5,6-dihydro-5-methyl-1,4,2-dioxazin-3-yl)-N-[[(4,6-dimethox y-2- pyrimidinyl)amino]carbonyl]-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-5-sulfonami de), metosulam, metsulfuron-methyl, nicosulfuron, oxasulfuron, penoxsulam, primisulfuron-methyl, propoxycarbazone-sodium, propyrisulfuron (2-chloro-N-[[(4,6-dimethoxy-2- pyrimidinyl)amino]carbonyl]-6-propylimidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine -3-sulfonamide),

prosulfuron, pyrazosulfuron-ethyl, pyribenzoxim, pyriftalid, pyriminobac-methyl, pyrithiobac-sodium, rimsulfuron, sulfometuron-methyl, sulfosulfuron, thiencarbazone, thifensulfuron-methyl, triafamone (N-[2-[(4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)carbonyl]-6- fluorophenyl]-1,1-difluoro-N-methylmethanesulfonamide), triasulfuron, tribenuron-methyl, trifloxysulfuron (including sodium salt), triflusulfuron-methyl and tritosulfuron.

“ACCase inhibitors” (b3) are chemical compounds that inhibit the acetyl-CoA carboxylase enzyme, which is responsible for catalyzing an early step in lipid and fatty acid synthesis in plants. Lipids are essential components of cell membranes, and without them, new cells cannot be produced. The inhibition of acetyl CoA carboxylase and the subsequent lack of lipid production leads to losses in cell membrane integrity, especially in regions of active growth such as meristems. Eventually shoot and rhizome growth ceases, and shoot meristems and rhizome buds begin to die back. Examples of ACCase inhibitors include alloxydim, butroxydim, clethodim, clodinafop, cycloxydim, cyhalofop, diclofop, fenoxaprop, fluazifop, haloxyfop, pinoxaden, profoxydim, propaquizafop, quizalofop, sethoxydim, tepraloxydim and tralkoxydim, including resolved forms such as fenoxaprop-P, fluazifop-P, haloxyfop-P and quizalofop-P and ester forms such as clodinafop-propargyl, cyhalofop-butyl, diclofop-methyl and fenoxaprop-P-ethyl.

Auxin is a plant hormone that regulates growth in many plant tissues.“Auxin mimics” (b4) are chemical compounds mimicking the plant growth hormone auxin, thus causing uncontrolled and disorganized growth leading to plant death in susceptible species. Examples of auxin mimics include aminocyclopyrachlor (6-amino-5-chloro-2-cyclopropyl- 4-pyrimidinecarboxylic acid) and its methyl and ethyl esters and its sodium and potassium salts, aminopyralid, benazolin-ethyl, chloramben, clacyfos, clomeprop, clopyralid, dicamba, 2,4-D, 2,4-DB, dichlorprop, fluroxypyr, halauxifen (4-amino-3-chloro-6-(4-chloro-2-fluoro- 3-methoxyphenyl)-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid), halauxifen-methyl (methyl 4-amino-3-chloro- 6-(4-chloro-2-fluoro-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-pyridinecarboxylate) , MCPA, MCPB, mecoprop, picloram, quinclorac, quinmerac, 2,3,6-TBA, triclopyr, and methyl 4-amino-3-chloro-6-(4- chloro-2-fluoro-3-methoxyphenyl)-5-fluoro-2-pyridinecarboxyl ate.

“EPSP synthase inhibitors” (b5) are chemical compounds that inhibit the enzyme, 5-enol-pyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase, which is involved in the synthesis of aromatic amino acids such as tyrosine, tryptophan and phenylalanine. EPSP inhibitor herbicides are readily absorbed through plant foliage and translocated in the phloem to the growing points. Glyphosate is a relatively nonselective postemergence herbicide that belongs to this group. Glyphosate includes esters and salts such as ammonium, isopropylammonium, potassium, sodium (including sesquisodium) and trimesium (alternatively named sulfosate).

“Photosystem I electron diverters” (b6) are chemical compounds that accept electrons from Photosystem I, and after several cycles, generate hydroxyl radicals. These radicals are extremely reactive and readily destroy unsaturated lipids, including membrane fatty acids and chlorophyll. This destroys cell membrane integrity, so that cells and organelles“leak”, leading to rapid leaf wilting and desiccation, and eventually to plant death. Examples of this second type of photosynthesis inhibitor include diquat and paraquat.

“PPO inhibitors” (b7) are chemical compounds that inhibit the enzyme protoporphyrinogen oxidase, quickly resulting in formation of highly reactive compounds in plants that rupture cell membranes, causing cell fluids to leak out. Examples of PPO inhibitors include acifluorfen-sodium, azafenidin, benzfendizone, bifenox, butafenacil, carfentrazone, carfentrazone-ethyl, chlomethoxyfen, cinidon-ethyl, fluazolate, flufenpyr-ethyl, flumiclorac-pentyl, flumioxazin, fluoroglycofen-ethyl, fluthiacet-methyl, fomesafen, halosafen, lactofen, oxadiargyl, oxadiazon, oxyfluorfen, pentoxazone, profluazol, pyraclonil, pyraflufen-ethyl, saflufenacil, sulfentrazone, thidiazimin, trifludimoxazin (dihydro-1,5-dimehyl-6-thioxo-3-[2,2,7-trifluoro-3,4-dihydro -3-oxo-4-(2-propyn-1-yl)-2H- 1,4-benzoxazin-6-yl]-1,3,5-triazine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione) and tiafenacil (methyl N-[2-[[2- chloro-5-[3,6-dihydro-3-methyl-2,6-dioxo-4-(trifluoromethyl) -1(2H)-pyrimidinyl]-4- fluorophenyl]thio]-1-oxopropyl]-β-alaninate).

“GS inhibitors” (b8) are chemical compounds that inhibit the activity of the glutamine synthetase enzyme, which plants use to convert ammonia into glutamine. Consequently, ammonia accumulates and glutamine levels decrease. Plant damage probably occurs due to the combined effects of ammonia toxicity and deficiency of amino acids required for other metabolic processes. The GS inhibitors include glufosinate and its esters and salts such as glufosinate-ammonium and other phosphinothricin derivatives, glufosinate-P ((2S)-2-amino- 4-(hydroxymethylphosphinyl)butanoic acid) and bilanaphos.

“VLCFA elongase inhibitors” (b9) are herbicides having a wide variety of chemical structures, which inhibit the elongase. Elongase is one of the enzymes located in or near chloroplasts which are involved in biosynthesis of VLCFAs. In plants, very-long-chain fatty acids are the main constituents of hydrophobic polymers that prevent desiccation at the leaf surface and provide stability to pollen grains. Such herbicides include acetochlor, alachlor, anilofos, butachlor, cafenstrole, dimethachlor, dimethenamid, diphenamid, fenoxasulfone (3- [[(2,5-dichloro-4-ethoxyphenyl)methyl]sulfonyl]-4,5-dihydro- 5,5-dimethylisoxazole), fentrazamide, flufenacet, indanofan, mefenacet, metazachlor, metolachlor, naproanilide, napropamide, napropamide-M ((2R)-N,N-diethyl-2-(1-naphthalenyloxy)propanamide), pethoxamid, piperophos, pretilachlor, propachlor, propisochlor, pyroxasulfone, and thenylchlor, including resolved forms such as S-metolachlor and chloroacetamides and oxyacetamides.

“Auxin transport inhibitors” (b10) are chemical substances that inhibit auxin transport in plants, such as by binding with an auxin-carrier protein. Examples of auxin transport inhibitors include diflufenzopyr, naptalam (also known as N-(1-naphthyl)phthalamic acid and 2-[(1-naphthalenylamino)carbonyl]benzoic acid).

“PDS inhibitors” (b11) are chemical compounds that inhibit carotenoid biosynthesis pathway at the phytoene desaturase step. Examples of PDS inhibitors include beflubutamid, diflufenican, fluridone, flurochloridone, flurtamone norflurzon and picolinafen.

“HPPD inhibitors” (b12) are chemical substances that inhibit the biosynthesis of synthesis of 4-hydroxyphenyl-pyruvate dioxygenase. Examples of HPPD inhibitors include benzobicyclon, benzofenap, bicyclopyrone (4-hydroxy-3-[[2-[(2-methoxyethoxy)methyl]-6- (trifluoromethyl)-3-pyridinyl]carbonyl]bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-e n-2-one), fenquinotrione (2-[[8- chloro-3,4-dihydro-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-oxo-2-quinoxalinyl] carbonyl]-1,3- cyclohexanedione), isoxachlortole, isoxaflutole, mesotrione, pyrasulfotole, pyrazolynate, pyrazoxyfen, sulcotrione, tefuryltrione, tembotrione, tolpyralate (1-[[1-ethyl-4-[3-(2- methoxyethoxy)-2-methyl-4-(methylsulfonyl)benzoyl]-1H-pyrazo l-5-yl]oxy]ethyl methyl carbonate), topramezone, 5-chloro-3-[(2-hydroxy-6-oxo-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)carbonyl]-1-( 4- methoxyphenyl)-2(1H)-quinoxalinone, 4-(2,6-diethyl-4-methylphenyl)-5-hydroxy-2,6- dimethyl-3(2H)-pyridazinone, 4-(4-fluorophenyl)-6-[(2-hydroxy-6-oxo-1-cyclohexen-1- yl)carbonyl]-2-methyl-1,2,4-triazine-3,5(2H,4H)-dione, 5-[(2-hydroxy-6-oxo-1-cyclohexen- 1-yl)carbonyl]-2-(3-methoxyphenyl)-3-(3-methoxypropyl)-4(3H) -pyrimidinone, 2-methyl-N- (4-methyl-1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-yl)-3-(methylsulfinyl)-4-(triflu oromethyl)benzamide and 2- methyl-3-(methylsulfonyl)-N-(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-4-(t rifluoromethyl)benzamide. “HST inhibitors” (b13) disrupt a plant’s ability to convert homogentisate to 2-methyl-6-solanyl-1,4-benzoquinone, thereby disrupting carotenoid biosynthesis. Examples of HST inhibitors include haloxydine, cyclopyrimorate (6-chloro-3-(2- cyclopropyl-6-methylphenoxy)-4-pyridazinyl 4-morpholinecarboxylate), pyriclor, 3-(2- chloro-3,6-difluorophenyl)-4-hydroxy-1-methyl-1,5-naphthyrid in-2(1H)-one, 7-(3,5- dichloro-4-pyridinyl)-5-(2,2-difluoroethyl)-8-hydroxypyrido[ 2,3-b]pyrazin-6(5H)-one and 4- (2,6-diethyl-4-methylphenyl)-5-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-3(2H)-py ridazinone.

HS inhibitors also include compounds of Formulae A and B.

_{wherein R} ^d1 _{is H, Cl or CF3; R} ^d2 _{is H, Cl or Br; R} ^d3 _{is H or Cl; R} ^d4 _{is H, Cl or CF3; R} ^d5 _is C ^H ₃ ^{, CH} ₂ ^CH ₃ ^{or CH} ₂ ^CHF ₂ ^{; and Rd6 is OH, or and Re1 is H, F, Cl, CH} _{3 or CH2CH3; R} ^e2 _{is H or CF3; R} ^e3 _{is H, CH3 or CH2CH3; R} ^e4 _{is H, F or Br; R} ^e5 _{is Cl,} C ^H ₃ ^{, CF} ₃ ^{, OCF} ₃ ^{or CH} ₂ ^CH ₃ ^{; Re6 is H, CH} ₃ ^{, CH} ₂ ^CHF ₂ ^{or C ^CH; Re7 is}

O _{H, -OC(=O)Et, or -OC(=O)-t-Bu; and A} ^e8 _{is N or CH.}

“Cellulose biosynthesis inhibitors” (b14) inhibit the biosynthesis of cellulose in certain plants. They are most effective when applied preemergence or early postemergence on young or rapidly growing plants. Examples of cellulose biosynthesis inhibitors include chlorthiamid, dichlobenil, flupoxam, indaziflam (N ² -[(1R,2S)-2,3-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-1H- inden-1-yl]-6-(1-fluoroethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine), isoxaben and triaziflam.

“Other herbicides” (b15) include herbicides that act through a variety of different modes of action such as mitotic disruptors (e.g., flamprop-M-methyl and flamprop-M-isopropyl), organic arsenicals (e.g., DSMA, and MSMA), 7,8-dihydropteroate synthase inhibitors, chloroplast isoprenoid synthesis inhibitors and cell-wall biosynthesis inhibitors. Other herbicides include those herbicides having unknown modes of action or do not fall into a specific category listed in (b1) through (b14) or act through a combination of modes of action listed above. Examples of other herbicides include aclonifen, asulam, amitrole, bromobutide, cinmethylin, clomazone, cumyluron, daimuron, difenzoquat, etobenzanid, fluometuron, flurenol, fosamine, fosamine-ammonium, dazomet, dymron, ipfencarbazone (1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-N-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1,5-dihydro-N -(1- methylethyl)-5-oxo-4H-1,2,4-triazole-4-carboxamide), metam, methyldymron, oleic acid, oxaziclomefone, pelargonic acid, pyributicarb and 5-[[(2,6-difluorophenyl)methoxy]methyl]- 4,5-dihydro-5-methyl-3-(3-methyl-2-thienyl)isoxazole.

“Herbicide safeners” (b16) are substances added to a herbicide formulation to eliminate or reduce phytotoxic effects of the herbicide to certain crops. These compounds protect crops from injury by herbicides but typically do not prevent the herbicide from controlling undesired vegetation. Examples of herbicide safeners include but are not limited to benoxacor, cloquintocet-mexyl, cumyluron, cyometrinil, cyprosulfamide, daimuron, dichlormid, dicyclonon, dietholate, dimepiperate, fenchlorazole-ethyl, fenclorim, flurazole, fluxofenim, furilazole, isoxadifen-ethyl, mefenpyr-diethyl, mephenate, methoxyphenone, naphthalic anhydride, oxabetrinil, N-(aminocarbonyl)-2-methylbenzenesulfonamide and N- (aminocarbonyl)-2-fluorobenzenesulfonamide, 1-bromo-4-[(chloromethyl)sulfonyl]benzene, 2-(dichloromethyl)-2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane (MG 191), 4-(dichloroacetyl)-1-oxa- 4-azospiro[4.5]decane (MON 4660), 2,2-dichloro-1-(2,2,5-trimethyl-3-oxazolidinyl)- ethanone and 2-methoxy-N-[[4-[[(methylamino)carbonyl]amino]phenyl]sulfony l]- benzamide.

The compounds of Formula 1 can be prepared by general methods known in the art of synthetic organic chemistry. One or more of the following methods and variations as described in Schemes 1–11 can be used to prepare the compounds of Formula 1. The _{definitions of G, J, Q} ¹ _{, R} ⁴ _{, Y} ² _{, Q} ² _{, R} ⁵ _{and Y} ¹ _{in the compounds of Formulae 1–17 below are} as defined above in the Summary of the Invention unless otherwise noted. Compounds of Formulae 1a, 1b, 1c and 1d are various subsets of the compounds of Formula 1, and all substituents for Formulae 4a are as defined above for Formula 4 unless otherwise noted.

As shown in Scheme 1, a compound of Formula 2 can be deprotected under standard conditions to form a compound of Formula 1a (i.e. a compound of Formula 1 wherein G is– _N(R ¹ _{)– and R} ¹ _{is H). Deprotection is commonly conducted by stirring the compound in the} presence of an acid, optionally using a solvent, at a temperature ranging from–20 °C to the reflux temperature of the solvent for 0.5 to 24 h. Typical acids include trifluoroacetic acid, hydrochloric acid and other organic and inorganic acids. Suitable solvents include dichloromethane, methanol, dioxane water or a mixture of solvents. For representative conditions, see WO2012/143117 page 29. Scheme 1

A _{compound of Formula 1b (i.e. a compound of Formula 1 wherein G is–N(R} ¹ _{)– and R} ¹ _{is other than H) can be prepared by reaction of a compound of Formula 3 with an} isocyanate of Formula 4 as shown in Scheme 2. This transformation is commonly conducted by stirring the compound of Formula 3 in the presence of an isocyante of Formula 4 in a solvent optionally in the presence of a base, at a temperature ranging from–20 °C to the reflux temperature of the solvent for 0.5 to 48 h. Examples of bases that can be used include n-butyl lithium, lithium diisopropylamide, lithium hexamethyldisilazide, trimethylamine, potassium carbonate and other organic, inorganic and organometallic bases. Suitable solvents include toluene, dichloromethane, methanol, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran or a mixture of solvents. For representative conditions, see J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans 22001, 1299.

Scheme 2

As shown in Scheme 3, a compound of Formula 3 can be made by reduction of a compound of Formula 5. The reduction is typically conducted by hydrogenation in the presence of a metal catalyst in a solvent, optionally with an acid, at a temperature ranging from ambient temperature to the reflux temperature of the solvent for 24 to 72 h. The pressure of hydrogen gas ranges from atmospheric to 800 bar. An example of a metal catalyst which can be used is palladium on carbon. Suitable solvents include ethyl acetate, ethanol and methanol. Suitable acids include acetic acid and hydrochloric acid or another organic or inorganic acid. For a representative procedure see WO2006/078554. Scheme 3

A compound of Formula 5a can be prepared by reacting a compound of Formula 6 with di-tert-butyl dicarbonate as shown in Scheme 4. This transformation is commonly conducted by stirring a compound of Formula 6 in the presence of di-tert-butyl dicarbonate in a solvent optionally employing one or more bases, at a temperature ranging from–20 °C to the reflux temperature of the solvent for 0.5 to 48 h. Examples of bases that can be used include trimethylamine, N,N-dimethylaminopyridine, potassium carbonate and other organic and inorganic bases or combinations thereof. Suitable solvents include tetrahydrofuran, dichloromethane, methanol, toluene, acetonitrile, N,N-dimethylformamide or a mixture of solvents. For representative conditions, see J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 1565 or Tetrahedron 2006, 62, 5223.

Scheme 4

As shown in Scheme 5, a compound of Formula 7 can be coupled with an aryl halide of Formula 8 under“C-H activation” conditions to give the compound of Formula 6. These couplings typically are conducted in the presence of a palladium catalyst, and a base at a temperature ranging from ambient to the reflux temperature of the solvent for 1 to 72 h. An example of a palladium catalyst which can be used is palladium diacetate. Suitable bases include sodium acetate trihydrate, potassium phosphate, potassium carbonate and cesium carbonate. Suitable solvents include dimethylsulfoxide, 1,4-dioxane, toluene or N,N- dimethylformamide For representative conditions, see J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007, 129, 7768. Halide intermediates of Formula 8 are commercially available or can be prepared by methods known in the literature. Scheme 5

Compounds of Formula 1c (i.e. a compound of Formula 1 wherein G is–O–) can be formed by the reaction of compounds of Formula 9 with isocyanates of Formula 4 as shown in Scheme 6 using conditions previously described in Scheme 2 above. This transformation is commonly conducted by stirring the compound of Formula 9 in the presence of an isocyanate of Formula 4 in a solvent optionally in the presence of a base, at a temperature ranging from–20 °C to the reflux temperature of the solvent for 0.5 to 48 h. Examples of bases that can be used include n-butyl lithium, lithium diisopropylamide, lithium hexamethyldisilazide, triethylamine, potassium carbonate and other organic, inorganic and organometallic bases. Suitable solvents include toluene, dichloromethane, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran or a mixture of solvents. For representative conditions, see J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans 22001, 1299

Scheme 6

Compounds of Formula 9 can be synthesized by reaction of carbonyl transfer reagents with aryl glycinols of Formula 10 as shown in Scheme 7. Suitable carbonyl transfer reagents include, but are not limited to, carbonyl diimidazole, phosgene, triphosgene, diphosgene, methyl chloroformate, ethyl chloroformate, and phenyl chloroformate. The reaction can be carried out at temperatures from 0 to 120 °C. Solvents which do not react with the carbonyl transfer reagent such as dichloromethane, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, toluene, and chlorobenzene are preferred. The presence of an acid acceptor can be useful in this reaction. Potassium carbonate, cesium carbonate, and triethylamine among many other organic and inorganic acid acceptors can be successfully employed in this sequence. Scheme 7

Arylglycinols of Formula 10 are well known compounds in the literature and can be synthesized by methods outlined in WO 1996/0022283 and U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,686,393 and 5,633,271 or are commercially available.

A compound of Formula 12 (i.e. a compound of Formula 1 wherein G is _–C(R ¹⁸ _)(R ¹⁹ _{)–) can be synthesized by reaction of a compound of Formula 11 with an} appropriate isocyanate of Formula 4 as shown in Scheme 8. Suitable conditions for this reaction are discussed above for Scheme 2.

Scheme 8

Compounds of Formula 11 can be synthesized by reductive amination and subsequent cyclization of a compound of Formula 12 as shown in Scheme 9. Conditions for this transformation typically involve using a reducing agent such as sodium borohydride in the presence of ammonium acetate as described in J. Med. Chem.2013, 56 (11), 4342–4342. Compounds of Formula 12 can be prepared by the reacaton of a benzaldehyde of Formula 13 _{with either a vinyl aceate (J = –CR} ² _R ³ _{–) or a 3-butenoic acid, methyl ester (J = –CR} ² _R ³ _–CR ^2a _R ^3a _{–) in the presence of a catalytic amound of rhodium(I) iodide in a solvent} such as toluene at temperatures from 50 to 150 °C. A representative example of such transformation can be found in Eur. J. Org. Chem.2006, 11, 2504–2507. Scheme 9

Compounds of Formula 1d (i.e. a compound of Formula 1 wherein J is – _CR ² _R ³ _–CR ^2a _R ^3a _{– and G is–N(H)–) as shown in Scheme 10 by reaction of a compound of} Formula 14 with and isocyanat of Formula 4 using reaction conditions discussed above for Schemes 6 and 8. The resulting carboxamide intermedediate can then be de-protected with trifluoroacetic acid to provide the compound of Formula 1d.

Scheme 10

Compounds of Formula 14 can be synthesized by cyclization of a compound of Formula 17 with an isocynate of Formul 4a as shown in Scheme 11. Deprotection of the intermediate of Formula 16 with trifuloroacetic acid followed by catalytic hydrogenation and mono-protection yields the intermediate of Formula 14. Conditions for this type of reaction can be found in J.A.C.S.2011, 133(13), 4785–4787.

Scheme 11

It is recognized by one skilled in the art that various functional groups can be converted into others to provide different compounds of Formula 1. For a valuable resource that illustrates the interconversion of functional groups in a simple and straightforward fashion, see Larock, R. C., Comprehensive Organic Transformations: A Guide to Functional Group Preparations, 2nd Ed., Wiley-VCH, New York, 1999. For example, intermediates for the preparation of compounds of Formula 1 may contain aromatic nitro groups, which can be reduced to amino groups, and then be converted via reactions well known in the art such as the Sandmeyer reaction, to various halides, providing compounds of Formula 1. The above reactions can also in many cases be performed in alternate order

It is recognized that some reagents and reaction conditions described above for preparing compounds of Formula 1 may not be compatible with certain functionalities present in the intermediates. In these instances, the incorporation of protection/deprotection sequences or functional group interconversions into the synthesis will aid in obtaining the desired products. The use and choice of the protecting groups will be apparent to one skilled in chemical synthesis (see, for example, Greene, T. W.; Wuts, P. G. M. Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, 2nd ed.; Wiley: New York, 1991). One skilled in the art will recognize that, in some cases, after the introduction of a given reagent as depicted in any individual scheme, it may be necessary to perform additional routine synthetic steps not described in detail to complete the synthesis of compounds of Formula 1. One skilled in the art will also recognize that it may be necessary to perform a combination of the steps illustrated in the above schemes in an order other than that implied by the particular presented to prepare the compounds of Formula 1.

One skilled in the art will also recognize that compounds of Formula 1 and the intermediates described herein can be subjected to various electrophilic, nucleophilic, radical, organometallic, oxidation, and reduction reactions to add substituents or modify existing substituents.

Without further elaboration, it is believed that one skilled in the art using the preceding description can utilize the present invention to its fullest extent. The following non-limiting Examples are illustrative of the invention. Steps in the following Examples illustrate a procedure for each step in an overall synthetic transformation, and the starting material for each step may not have necessarily been prepared by a particular preparative run whose procedure is described in other Examples or Steps. Percentages are by weight except for chromatographic solvent mixtures or where otherwise indicated. Parts and percentages for _{chromatographic solvent mixtures are by volume unless otherwise indicated.} ¹ _{H NMR} ^{spectra are reported in ppm downfield from tetramethylsilane in dimethylsufoxide (d} ₆ ^);“s” means singlet,“d” means doublet,“t” means triplet,“m” means multiplet,“bm” means “broad multiplet”,“dd” means doublet of doublets, and“br s” means broad singlet. Mass spectra (MS) are reported as the molecular weight of the highest isotopic abundance parent ion (M+1) formed by addition of H+ (molecular weight of 1) to the molecule, or (M–1) formed by the loss of H+ (molecular weight of 1) from the molecule, observed by using liquid chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer (LCMS) using either atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (AP+) where“amu” stands for unified atomic mass units.

SYNTHESIS EXAMPLE 1

Preparation of N-(2,3-difluorophenyl)-5-(3,4-difluoropheny1)-2-oxo-1- imidazolidinecarboxamide (Compound 11)

Step A: Synthesis of (3,4-difluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazol-2-one

To a degassed (argon) solution of 1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazol-2-one (1.75 g, 18.75 mmol) and 3,4-difluoroiodobenzene (3 g, 12.5 mmol) in dimethylsulfoxide (20 mL) was added, palladium(II) acetate (0.14 g, 0.62 mmol) and sodium acetate trihydrate (3.07 g, 37.5 mmol) at ambient temperature. The reaction mixture was further degassed with argon and stirred at 80 °C for 16 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to ambient temperature, filtered through Celite® diatomeaceaus earth filter aid and washed with ethyl acetate (2 × 50 mL). The filtrate was then washed with water (2 × 25 mL) and the crude product was purified by silica gel chromatography. Elution with 5% methanol in dichloromethane provided the title compound as a white solid (670 mg).

1 _{H NMR (400MHz) δ 6.97 (s, 1H), 7.34–7.44 (m, 2H), 7.55–7.61 (m, 1H), 10.12 (s, 1H),} 10.54 (s, 1H). MS (M+1) = 195.2

Step B: Synthesis of 1,1-dimethylethyl 4-(3,4-difluorophenyl)-2,3-dihydro-2-oxo-1H- imidazole-l-carboxylate

To a stirred solution of (3,4-difluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazol-2-one (i.e. the compound obtained in Step A, 800 mg, 4.06 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (30 mL) was added di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (1.02 mL, 4.46 mmol) and N,N-dimethylaminopyridine (77 mg, 0.63 mmol) and the reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 2 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reducted pressure to afford the crude product. The crude product was purified by silica gel chromatography. Elution with 60% ethyl acetate in petroleum ether provided the title compound as a white solid (540 mg).

1 _{H NMR (300MHz) δ 1.53 (s, 9H), 7.33 (d, 1H), 7.46–7.51 (m, 1H), 7.75–7.82 (m, 2H),} 11.07 (s, 1H). MS (M+1) = 294.9

Step C: Synthesis of 1,1-dimethylethyl 4-(3,4-difluorophenyl)-2-oxo-1- imidazolidinecarboxylate

To a stirred solution of 1,1-dimethylethyl 4-(3,4-difluorophenyl)-2,3-dihydro-2-oxo- 1H-imidazole-l-carboxylate (i.e. the compound obtained in Step B, 450 mg, 1.51 mmol) in methanol (15 mL) was added 10% palladium on carbon (200 mg) at ambient temperature ^{and the mixture was stirred under an H} _2(g) ^{atmosphere for 6 h. The reaction mixture was} filtered through Celite® diatomeaceaus earth filter aid and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting crude product was triturated from the mixture of diethyl ether and pentane (30 mL) to afford the title compound as a white solid (410 mg). ¹ _{H NMR (300MHz) δ 1.42 (s, 9H), 3.41 (dd, 1H), 4.13 (t, 1H), 4.73 (t, 1H), 7.19–7.22 (m,} 1H), 7.41–7.50 (m, 2H), 7.9 (s, 1H). MS (M+1) = 299.2

Step D: Synthesis of 1,1-dimethylethyl 4-(3,4-difluorophenyl)-3-[[(2,3- difluorophenyl)amino]carbonyl]-2-oxo-1-imidazolidinecarboxyl ate

A mixture of 1,1-dimethylethyl 4-(3,4-difluorophenyl)-2-oxo-1- imidazolidinecarboxylate (i.e. the compound obtained in Step C, 200 mg, 0.66 mmol) and 2,3-difluorophenyl isocyanate (200 mg, 1.33 mmol) in toluene (5 mL) was heated to 110 ^o C for 18 h. The reaction mixture was then concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the crude product which was purified by preparative high pressure liquid chromatography to afford the title compound as a white solid (60 mg).

Step E: Synthesis of N-(2,3-difluorophenyl)-5-(3,4-difluoropheny1)-2-oxo-1- imidazolidinecarboxamide

To a stirred solution of 1,1-dimethylethyl 4-(3,4-difluorophenyl)-3-[[(2,3- difluorophenyl)amino]carbonyl]-2-oxo-1-imidazolidinecarboxyl ate (i.e. the compound obtained in Step D, 60 mg, 0.13 mmol) in dichloromethane (6 mL) was added trifluoroacetic acid (1 mL) at 0 °C and the reaction mixture was stirred for 4 h. The reaction mixture was then concentrated under reduced pressure. Chloroform was added to the resulting residue, which was again concentrated under reduced pressure. This process was repeated until the trifluoroacetic acid completely removed. The resulting crude product was triturated from the mixture of diethyl ether and pentane to afford the title compound, a compound of the invention, as a white solid (30 mg).

1 _{H NMR (300MHz) δ 3.15 (dd, 1H), 3.91 (t, 1H), 5.41 (dd, 1H), 7.07–7.19 (m, 3H), 7.37–} 7.45 (m, 2H), 7.79–7.85 (m, 1H). MS (M+1) = 354.1

SYNTHESIS EXAMPLE 2

Preparation of N-(2,3-difluorophenyl)-2-oxo-5-phenyl-1-imidazolidinecarboxa mide

(Compound 12)

Step A: Synthesis of 1,3-dihydro-4-phenyl-2H-imidazol-2-one

To preheated urea (50.2 g, 83.7 mmol) at 160 ^o C was added 2-hydroxy-1- phenylethanone (3.8 g, 27.9 mmol) and the reaction mixture was stirred for 15 min. The reaction mixture was then cooled to ambident temperature and diluted with water (200 mL). The resulting suspension was filtered through a Buchner funnel to collect the precipitated solid. The solid was washed with diethyl ether (100 mL) to afford the title compound as a yellow solid (2.6 g).

1 _{H NMR (400Mz) δ 6.87 (t, 1H), 7.14–7.18 (m, 1H), 7.31 (t, 2H), 7.49 (d, 2H), 10.02 (s,} 1H), 10.48 (s, 1H). MS (M+1) = 160.9 Step B: Synthesis of 1,1-dimethylethyl 2,3-dihydro-2-oxo-4-phenyl-1H-imidazole-1- carboxylate

To a stirred solution of 1,3-dihydro-4-phenyl-2H-imidazol-2-one (i.e. the compound obtained in Step A, 2.5 g, 12.75 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (30 mL) was added di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (3.2 mL, 14.0 mmol) and N,N-dimethylaminopyridine (77 mg, 0.63 mmol) at ambient temperature and the resulting mixture was stirred for 2 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to provide the crude product. The crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography. Elution with 30% ethyl acetate in petroleum ether provided the title compound as a yellow solid (1.95 g).

1 _{H NMR (300Mz) δ 1.54 (s, 9H), 7.22 (d, 1H), 7.26–7.32 (m, 1H), 7.37–7.42 (m, 2H), 7.63} (d, 2H), 11.03 (s, 1H). MS (M+1) = 261.0

Step C: Synthesis of 1,1-dimethylethyl 2-oxo-4-phenyl-imidazolidinecarboxylate To a stirred solution of 1,1-dimethylethyl 2,3-dihydro-2-oxo-4-phenyl-1H-imidazole- 1-carboxylate (i.e. the compound obtained in Step B, 1 g, 3.8 mmol) in methanol (15 mL) was added 10% palladium on carbon (400 mg) at ambient temperature and the reaction ^{mixture was stirred under H} _2(g) ^{atmosphere for 6 h. The reaction mixture was filtered} through Celite® diatomeaceaus earth filter aid and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give the crude product. The crude product was triturated from the mixture of diethyl ether and pentane (30 mL) to afford the title compound as a white solid (0.87 g).

1 _{H NMR (300Mz) δ 1.42 (s, 9H), 3.4 (dd, 1H), 4.15 (t, 1H), 4.71 (t, 1H), 7.31–7.42 (m, 5H),} 7.88 (s, 1H). MS (M+1) = 262.9

Step D: Synthesis of 1,1-dimethylethyl 3-[[(2,3-difluorophenyl)amino]carbonyl]-2- oxo-4-phenyl-l-imidazolidinecarboxylate (1,1-dimethylethyl 3-[[(2,3- difluorophenyl)amino]carbonyl]-2-oxo-4-phenyl-l- imidazolidinecarboxylatete)

A mixture of 1,1-dimethylethyl 2-oxo-4-phenyl-imidazolidinecarboxylate (i.e. the product obtaine in Step C, 800 mg, 3.05 mmol) and 2,3-difluorophenyl isocyanate (500 mg, 3.2 mmol) in toluene (10 mL) was heated to 110 °C for 18 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the crude product which was purified by preparative high-pressure liquid chromatography to afford the title compound as a white solid (140 mg).

1 _{H NMR (400Mz) δ 1.48 (s, 9H), 3.48 (dd, 1H), 4.25 (t, 1H), 5.33 (dd, 1H), 7.13–7.16 (m,} 2H), 7.31–7.41 (m, 5H), 7.78 (bm, 1H), 10.59 (s, 1H). MS (M+1) = 418.2 Step E: Synthesis of N-(2,3-difluorophenyl)-2-oxo-5-phenyl-1- imidazolidinecarboxamide

To a stirred solution of 1,1-dimethylethyl 3-[[(2,3-difluorophenyl)amino]carbonyl]-2- oxo-4-phenyl-l-imidazolidinecarboxylate (i.e. the compound obtained in Step D, 110 mg, 0.233 mmol) in dichloromethane (5 mL) was added trifluoroacetic acid (1 mL) at 0 °C and the reaction mixture was stirred for 4 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. Chloroform was added to the resulting residue, which was again concentrated under reduced pressure. This process was repeated until the trifluoroacetic acid was completely removed. The resulting crude product was triturated from the mixture of diethyl ether and pentane to afford the title compound, a compound of the invention, as a white solid (80 mg).

1 _{H NMR (300Mz) δ 3.12 (dd, 1H), 3.91 (t, 1H), 5.40 (dd, 1H), 7.10–7.13 (m, 2H), 7.27–7.41} (m, 5H), 7.82–7.87 (m, 1H), 8.16 (s, 1H), 11.00 (d, 2H). MS (M+1) = 318.2

SYNTHESIS EXAMPLE 3

Preparation of 4-(3,4-difluorophenyl)-N-(2-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-3- oxazolidinecarboxamide (Compound 3)

Step A: Preparation of 1,2-difluoro-4-(iodoisocyanatomethyl)benzene

Silver cyanate (2.0 g, 13.3 mmol) and iodine (2.61 g, 10.3 mmol) were combined in dichloromethane (50 mL) and stirred at ambent temperature for 5 min. 4-Ethenyl-1,2- difluorobenzene (1.43 g, 10.3 mmol) was then added portion-wise over 5 min and the resulting mixture was stirred for 16 h. The reaction mixture was filtered through a pad of Celite® diatomaceous earth filter aid and washed with dichloromethane. The organic filtrate was then washed with 10% aqueous sodium bisulfite until the solution was colorless. The ^{organic layer was separated from the aqueous layer, dried over MgSO} ₄ ^{and concentrated to} give the title compound as a yellow oil which was carried on to the next step without further purification.

Step B: Preparation of methyl N-[(3,4-difluorophenyl)iodomethyl]carbamate

1,2-Difluoro-4-(iodoisocyanatomethyl)benzene (i.e. the product of Step A above) was taken up in 50 mL of methanol and 1 mL of sodium methoxide (4.5 N in methanol) and stirred for 1 h at ambient temperature. The solution was concentrated under reduced pressure to 50% of the original volume and added to a solution of 50/50 ice and water containing 0.500 g of sodium bisulfite. This resulting mixture was allowed to stand for 30 min at ambient temperature. The resulting white solid was filtered to provide the title compound (2.97 g). ¹ H NMR (CDCl ₃ ) δ 7.09–7.19 (m, 2H), 7.02 (m, 1H), 4.75–4.81 (m, 1H), 3.71 (s, 3H), 3.52 (m, 1H), 3.44 (m, 1H). Step C: Preparation of 4-(3,4-difluorophenyl)-2-oxazolidinone

The resulting methyl N-[(3,4-difluorophenyl)iodomethyl]carbamate (i.e. the product of Step B above, 1.0 g) was heated in tetrachloroethylene (20 mL) at the reflux temperature of the solvent for 2 d. The solution was concentrated, dissolved in methylene chloride and absorbed onto silica gel. Purfication was performed by silica gel chormatogrpahy using a gradient of 10–100% ethyl acetate in hexanes. The isolated fractions were combined and the _{solvent removed under reduced pressure to provide the title compound (1.67 g).} ¹ _{H NMR} ^(CDCl ₃ ^{) δ 7.17–7.24 (m, 2H), 7.07–7.11 (m, 1H), 5.66 (br s, 1H), 4.91–4.95 (m, 1H), 4.74} (m, 1H), 4.15 (m, 1H).

Step D: Preparation of 4-(3,4-difluorophenyl)-N-(2-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-3- oxazolidinecarboxamide

4-(3,4-Difluorophenyl)-2-oxazolidinone (i.e. the product of Step C, 0.71 g, 0.85 mmol), 2-fluorophenyl isocyanate (0.115 mL, 1.02 mmol) and trimethylamine (0.237 mL, 1.7 mmol) were combined in dichloromethane (10 mL) and stirred at ambient temperature for 16 h. The solution was diluted with dichloromethane, absorbed onto silica gel and purified by silica gel chromatography using a gradient of 0–100% ethyl acetate in hexanes. The isolated fractions were combined and the solvent removed under reduced pressure to isolate the title compound, a compound of the invention, as a white solid _{(0.130 g). See Index Table B for} ¹ _{H NMR data.}

By the procedures described herein together with methods known in the art, the following compounds of Tables 1 to 250 can be prepared. The following abbreviations are used in the Tables which follow: Me means methyl.

Table 1

_{J is -CH2-; Q} ² _{is Ph(2-F); and Q} ¹ _is

Ph(3-Cl) ^Ph(3-OCF ₂ ^H) Ph(2-Me) Ph(3-F) Ph(3-OMe) ^Ph(2-CF ₃ ⁾ Ph(3-Br) ^Ph(3-OCF ₂ ^CF ₂ ^{H) Ph(2-OCF} ₃ ⁾ Ph(3-Me) Ph(2-Cl) ^Ph(2-OCF ₂ ^{H) Ph(3-CF} ₃ ⁾ Ph(2-F) Ph(2-OMe)

P ^h(3-OCF ₃ ⁾ Ph(2-Br) ^Ph(2-OCF ₂ ^CF ₂ ^H) _Q ¹ _Q ¹ _Q ¹ Ph(4-Cl) 3-Pyridinyl(6-Me) Imidazol-1-yl Ph(4-F) 3-Pyridinyl(5-F) ^{Imidazol-1-yl(4-CF} ₃ ⁾ Ph(4-Br) ^{3-Pyridinyl(5-CF} ₃ ^{) Imidazol-1-yl(2-CF} ₃ ⁾ Ph(4-Me) 3-Pyridinyl(5-Me) Imidazol-2-yl(1-Me) P ^h(4-CF ₃ ⁾ 3-Pyridinyl(4-F) Imidazol-4-yl(1-Me) P ^h(4-OCF ₃ ^{) 3-Pyridinyl(4-CF} ₃ ⁾ Imidazol-4-yl(3-Me) P ^h(4-OCF ₂ ^H) 3-Pyridinyl(4-Me) Pyrazol-4-yl(1-Me) Ph(4-OMe) 3-Pyridinyl(2-F) Triazol-4-yl(1-Me) ^Ph(4-OCF ₂ ^CF ₂ ^{H) 3-Pyridinyl(2-CF} ₃ ⁾ Triazol-4-yl(2-Me) Ph(2,3-di-F) 3-Pyridinyl(2-Me) Triazol-2-yl(4-Me) Ph(2,4-di-F) 4-Pyridinyl Triazol-1-yl(4-Me) Ph(2,5-di-F) 4-Pyridinyl(6-F) Pyrazin-2-yl Ph(2,6-di-F) ^{4-Pyridinyl(6-CF} ₃ ^{) Pyrazin-2-yl(5-CF} ₃ ⁾ Ph(3,4-di-F) 4-Pyridinyl(6-Me) Pyrimidin-2-yl Ph(3,5-di-F) 4-Pyridinyl(5-F) ^{Pyrimidin-2-yl(5-CF} ₃ ⁾ Ph(3-Me,4-F) ^{4-Pyridinyl(5-CF} ₃ ⁾ Pyrimidin-5-yl Ph(3-F,4-Me) 4-Pyridinyl(5-Me) ^{Pyrimidin-5-yl(2-CF} ₃ ^{) Ph(3-CF} ₃ ^,4-F) 4-Pyridinyl(3-F) 1,3,5-Triazin-2-yl P ^h(3-F,4-CF ₃ ^{) 4-Pyridinyl(3-CF} ₃ ⁾ Thiazol-2-yl Ph(2,3,4-tri-F) 4-Pyridinyl(3-Me) ^{Thiazol-2-yl(5-CF} ₃ ⁾ Ph(3,4,5-tri-F) 4-Pyridinyl(2-F) Thiazol-5-yl 2-Pyridinyl ^{4-Pyridinyl(2-CF} ₃ ^{) Thiazol-5-yl(2-CF} ₃ ⁾ 2-Pyridinyl(6-F) 4-Pyridinyl(2-Me) Oxazol-2-yl ^{2-Pyridinyl(6-CF} ₃ ⁾ 2-Thienyl ^{Oxazol-2-yl(5-CF} ₃ ⁾ 2-Pyridinyl(6-Me) ^{2-Thienyl(4-CF} ₃ ⁾ Oxazol-5-yl 2-Pyridinyl(5-F) ^{2-Thienyl(5-CF} ₃ ^{) Oxazol-5-yl(2-CF} ₃ ^{) 2-Pyridinyl(5-CF} ₃ ⁾ 3-Thienyl Isothiazol-5-yl 2-Pyridinyl(5-Me) ^{3-Thienyl(4-CF} ₃ ^{) Isothiazol-5-yl(3-CF} ₃ ⁾ 2-Pyridinyl(4-F) ^{3-Thienyl(5-CF} ₃ ⁾ Isothiazol-3-yl ^{2-Pyridinyl(4-CF} ₃ ⁾ 2-Furyl ^{Isothiazol-3-yl(5-CF} ₃ ⁾ 2-Pyridinyl(4-Me) ^2-Furyl(4-CF ₃ ⁾ Isoxazol-5-yl 2-Pyridinyl(3-F) ^2-Furyl(5-CF ₃ ^{) Isoxazol-5-yl(3-CF} ₃ ^{) 2-Pyridinyl(3-CF} ₃ ⁾ 3-Furyl Isoxazol-3-yl 2-Pyridinyl(3-Me) ^3-Furyl(4-CF ₃ ^{) Isoxazol-3-yl(5-CF} ₃ ⁾ 3-Pyridinyl ^3-Furyl(5-CF ₃ ⁾ Tetrazol-1-yl 3-Pyridinyl(6-F) Pyrazol-1-yl Tetrazol-1-yl(5-Me) ^{3-Pyridinyl(6-CF} ₃ ^{) Pyrazol-1-yl(4-CF} ₃ ⁾ Tetrazol-5-yl(1-Me) _Q ¹ _Q ¹ _Q ¹ 1,2,4-Triazol-1-yl Oxetan-2-yl Benzofuran-2-yl 1,3,4-Oxadiazol-2-yl Oxetan-3-yl Benzothiophen-2-yl 1,3,4-Thiadiazol-2-yl 1,3-Dioxolan-4-yl 1,3-Benzoxazol-2-yl 1,2,4-Oxadiazol-3-yl 2,2-difluoro-1,3-Dioxolan-4-yl 1,3-Benzothiazol-2-yl 1,2,4-Thiadiazol-3-yl 1,3-Dithiolan-4-yl 7-quinolyl

Tetrahydropyran-2-yl 1,4-Dioxolan-2-yl Indazol-1-yl Tetrahydropyran-3-yl 1,4-Dithiolan-2-yl Benzimidazol-1-yl Tetrahydrofuran-2-yl 1-naphthyl Indol-1-yl

Tetrahydrofuran-3-yl 2-naphthyl Pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridin-1-yl Table 2 is constructed in the same manner as Table 1 except that the Row Heading“J is - _{CH2-; Q} ² _{is Ph(2-F); and Q} ¹ _{is” is replaced with the Row Heading listed for Table 2 below} (i.e.“J is -CH ₂ -; Q ² is Ph(2,3-di-F); and Q ¹ is”). Therefore the first entry in Table 2 is a c _{ompound of Formula 1 wherein J is -CH2-; Q} ² _{is Ph(2,3-di-F); Q} ¹ _{is Ph(3-Cl) (i.e. 3- chlorophenyl); G is–NH–; Y} ¹ _{is O; Y} ² _{is O; R} ⁴ _{is H and R} ⁵ _{is H. Tables 3 through 25 are} constructed similarly.

Table 26

Table 26 is constructed the same way as Table 1 above, except the structure is replaced with the following:

.

Tables 27 through 50

This disclosure also includes Tables 27 through 50, each Table is constructed in the same fashion as Tables 2 through 25 above, except that the structure is replaced with the structure in Table 26 above.

Table 51

Table 51 is constructed the same way as Table 1 above, except the structure is replaced with the following:

.

Tables 52 through 75

This disclosure also includes Tables 52 through 75, each Table is constructed in the same fashion as Tables 2 through 25 above, except that the structure is replaced with the structure in Table 51 above.

Table 76

Table 76 is constructed the same way as Table 1 above, except the structure is replaced with the following: .

Tables 77 through 100

This disclosure also includes Tables 77 through 100, each Table is constructed in the same fashion as Tables 2 through 25 above, except that the structure is replaced with the structure in Table 76 above.

Table 101

Table 101 is constructed the same way as Table 1 above, except the structure is replaced with the following:

.

Tables 102 through 125

This disclosure also includes Tables 102 through 125, each Table is constructed in the same fashion as Tables 2 through 25 above, except that the structure is replaced with the structure in Table 101 above.

Table 126

Table 126 is constructed the same way as Table 1 above, except the structure is replaced with the following:

.

Tables 127 through 150

This disclosure also includes Tables 127 through 150, each Table is constructed in the same fashion as Tables 2 through 25 above, except that the structure is replaced with the structure in Table 126 above.

Table 151 Table 151 is constructed the same way as Table 1 above, except the structure is replaced with the following:

Tables 151 through 175

This disclosure also includes Tables 152 through 175, each Table is constructed in the same fashion as Tables 2 through 25 above, except that the structure is replaced with the structure in Table 151 above.

Table 176

Table 176 is constructed the same way as Table 1 above, except the structure is replaced with the following:

Tables 177 through 200

This disclosure also includes Tables 177 through 200, each Table is constructed in the same fashion as Tables 2 through 25 above, except that the structure is replaced with the structure in Table 176 above.

Table 201

.

Tables 202 through 225

This disclosure also includes Tables 202 through 225, each Table is constructed in the same fashion as Tables 2 through 25 above, except that the structure is replaced with the structure in Table 201 above.

Table 226 Table 226 is constructed the same way as Table 1 above, except the structure is replaced with the following:

Tables 227 through 250

This disclosure also includes Tables 227 through 250, each Table is constructed in the same fashion as Tables 2 through 25 above, except that the structure is replaced with the structure in Table 226 above.

A compound of this invention will generally be used as a herbicidal active ingredient in a composition, i.e. formulation, with at least one additional component selected from the group consisting of surfactants, solid diluents and liquid diluents, which serves as a carrier. The formulation or composition ingredients are selected to be consistent with the physical properties of the active ingredient, mode of application and environmental factors such as soil type, moisture and temperature.

Useful formulations include both liquid and solid compositions. Liquid compositions include solutions (including emulsifiable concentrates), suspensions, emulsions (including microemulsions, oil-in -water emulsions, flowable concentrates and/or suspoemulsions) and the like, which optionally can be thickened into gels. The general types of aqueous liquid compositions are soluble concentrate, suspension concentrate, capsule suspension, concentrated emulsion, microemulsion, oil-in-water emulsion, flowable concentrate and suspo-emulsion. The general types of nonaqueous liquid compositions are emulsifiable concentrate, microemulsifiable concentrate, dispersible concentrate and oil dispersion.

The general types of solid compositions are dusts, powders, granules, pellets, prills, pastilles, tablets, filled films (including seed coatings) and the like, which can be water-dispersible (“wettable”) or water-soluble. Films and coatings formed from film- forming solutions or flowable suspensions are particularly useful for seed treatment. Active ingredient can be (micro)encapsulated and further formed into a suspension or solid formulation; alternatively the entire formulation of active ingredient can be encapsulated (or “overcoated”). Encapsulation can control or delay release of the active ingredient. An emulsifiable granule combines the advantages of both an emulsifiable concentrate formulation and a dry granular formulation. High-strength compositions are primarily used as intermediates for further formulation. Sprayable formulations are typically extended in a suitable medium before spraying. Such liquid and solid formulations are formulated to be readily diluted in the spray medium, usually water, but occasionally another suitable medium like an aromatic or paraffinic hydrocarbon or vegetable oil. Spray volumes can range from about from about one to several thousand liters per hectare, but more typically are in the range from about ten to several hundred liters per hectare. Sprayable formulations can be tank mixed with water or another suitable medium for foliar treatment by aerial or ground application, or for application to the growing medium of the plant. Liquid and dry formulations can be metered directly into drip irrigation systems or metered into the furrow during planting.

The formulations will typically contain effective amounts of active ingredient, diluent and surfactant within the following approximate ranges which add up to 100 percent by weight.

Weight Percent

Active

Ingredient Diluent Surfactant Water-Dispersible and Water-soluble 0.001–90 0–99.999 0–15

Granules, Tablets and Powders

Oil Dispersions, Suspensions, 1–50 40–99 0–50

Emulsions, Solutions (including

Emulsifiable Concentrates)

Dusts 1–25 70–99 0–5

Granules and Pellets 0.001–99 5–99.999 0–15

High Strength Compositions 90–99 0–10 0–2

Solid diluents include, for example, clays such as bentonite, montmorillonite, attapulgite and kaolin, gypsum, cellulose, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, starch, dextrin, sugars (e.g., lactose, sucrose), silica, talc, mica, diatomaceous earth, urea, calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate and bicarbonate, and sodium sulfate. Typical solid diluents are described in Watkins et al., Handbook of Insecticide Dust Diluents and Carriers, 2nd Ed., Dorland Books, Caldwell, New Jersey.

Liquid diluents include, for example, water, N,N-dimethylalkanamides (e.g., N,N-dimethylformamide), limonene, dimethyl sulfoxide, N-alkylpyrrolidones (e.g., N-methylpyrrolidinone), alkyl phosphates (e.g., triethyl phosphate), ethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, paraffins (e.g., white mineral oils, normal paraffins, isoparaffins), alkylbenzenes, alkylnaphthalenes, glycerine, glycerol triacetate, sorbitol, aromatic hydrocarbons, dearomatized aliphatics, alkylbenzenes, alkylnaphthalenes, ketones such as cyclohexanone, 2-heptanone, isophorone and 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone, acetates such as isoamyl acetate, hexyl acetate, heptyl acetate, octyl acetate, nonyl acetate, tridecyl acetate and isobornyl acetate, other esters such as alkylated lactate esters, dibasic esters, alkyl and aryl benzoates and γ-butyrolactone, and alcohols, which can be linear, branched, saturated or unsaturated, such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropyl alcohol, n-butanol, isobutyl alcohol, n-hexanol, 2-ethylhexanol, n-octanol, decanol, isodecyl alcohol, isooctadecanol, cetyl alcohol, lauryl alcohol, tridecyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, cyclohexanol, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, diacetone alcohol, cresol and benzyl alcohol. Liquid diluents also include glycerol esters of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids (typically ^C ₆ ^–C ₂₂ ^{), such as plant seed and fruit oils (e.g., oils of olive, castor, linseed, sesame, corn} (maize), peanut, sunflower, grapeseed, safflower, cottonseed, soybean, rapeseed, coconut and palm kernel), animal-sourced fats (e.g., beef tallow, pork tallow, lard, cod liver oil, fish oil), and mixtures thereof. Liquid diluents also include alkylated fatty acids (e.g., methylated, ethylated, butylated) wherein the fatty acids may be obtained by hydrolysis of glycerol esters from plant and animal sources, and can be purified by distillation. Typical liquid diluents are described in Marsden, Solvents Guide, 2nd Ed., Interscience, New York, 1950.

The solid and liquid compositions of the present invention often include one or more surfactants. When added to a liquid, surfactants (also known as“surface-active agents”) generally modify, most often reduce, the surface tension of the liquid. Depending on the nature of the hydrophilic and lipophilic groups in a surfactant molecule, surfactants can be useful as wetting agents, dispersants, emulsifiers or defoaming agents.

Surfactants can be classified as nonionic, anionic or cationic. Nonionic surfactants useful for the present compositions include, but are not limited to: alcohol alkoxylates such as alcohol alkoxylates based on natural and synthetic alcohols (which may be branched or linear) and prepared from the alcohols and ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide or mixtures thereof; amine ethoxylates, alkanolamides and ethoxylated alkanolamides; alkoxylated triglycerides such as ethoxylated soybean, castor and rapeseed oils; alkylphenol alkoxylates such as octylphenol ethoxylates, nonylphenol ethoxylates, dinonyl phenol ethoxylates and dodecyl phenol ethoxylates (prepared from the phenols and ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide or mixtures thereof); block polymers prepared from ethylene oxide or propylene oxide and reverse block polymers where the terminal blocks are prepared from propylene oxide; ethoxylated fatty acids; ethoxylated fatty esters and oils; ethoxylated methyl esters; ethoxylated tristyrylphenol (including those prepared from ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide or mixtures thereof); fatty acid esters, glycerol esters, lanolin-based derivatives, polyethoxylate esters such as polyethoxylated sorbitan fatty acid esters, polyethoxylated sorbitol fatty acid esters and polyethoxylated glycerol fatty acid esters; other sorbitan derivatives such as sorbitan esters; polymeric surfactants such as random copolymers, block copolymers, alkyd peg (polyethylene glycol) resins, graft or comb polymers and star polymers; polyethylene glycols (pegs); polyethylene glycol fatty acid esters; silicone-based surfactants; and sugar-derivatives such as sucrose esters, alkyl polyglycosides and alkyl polysaccharides.

Useful anionic surfactants include, but are not limited to: alkylaryl sulfonic acids and their salts; carboxylated alcohol or alkylphenol ethoxylates; diphenyl sulfonate derivatives; lignin and lignin derivatives such as lignosulfonates; maleic or succinic acids or their anhydrides; olefin sulfonates; phosphate esters such as phosphate esters of alcohol alkoxylates, phosphate esters of alkylphenol alkoxylates and phosphate esters of styryl phenol ethoxylates; protein-based surfactants; sarcosine derivatives; styryl phenol ether sulfate; sulfates and sulfonates of oils and fatty acids; sulfates and sulfonates of ethoxylated alkylphenols; sulfates of alcohols; sulfates of ethoxylated alcohols; sulfonates of amines and amides such as N,N-alkyltaurates; sulfonates of benzene, cumene, toluene, xylene, and dodecyl and tridecylbenzenes; sulfonates of condensed naphthalenes; sulfonates of naphthalene and alkyl naphthalene; sulfonates of fractionated petroleum; sulfosuccinamates; and sulfosuccinates and their derivatives such as dialkyl sulfosuccinate salts.

Useful cationic surfactants include, but are not limited to: amides and ethoxylated amides; amines such as N-alkyl propanediamines, tripropylenetriamines and dipropylenetetramines, and ethoxylated amines, ethoxylated diamines and propoxylated amines (prepared from the amines and ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide or mixtures thereof); amine salts such as amine acetates and diamine salts; quaternary ammonium salts such as quaternary salts, ethoxylated quaternary salts and diquaternary salts; and amine oxides such as alkyldimethylamine oxides and bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)-alkylamine oxides.

Also useful for the present compositions are mixtures of nonionic and anionic surfactants or mixtures of nonionic and cationic surfactants. Nonionic, anionic and cationic surfactants and their recommended uses are disclosed in a variety of published references including McCutcheon’s Emulsifiers and Detergents, annual American and International Editions published by McCutcheon’s Division, The Manufacturing Confectioner Publishing Co.; Sisely and Wood, Encyclopedia of Surface Active Agents, Chemical Publ. Co., Inc., New York, 1964; and A. S. Davidson and B. Milwidsky, Synthetic Detergents, Seventh Edition, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1987.

Compositions of this invention may also contain formulation auxiliaries and additives, known to those skilled in the art as formulation aids (some of which may be considered to also function as solid diluents, liquid diluents or surfactants). Such formulation auxiliaries and additives may control: pH (buffers), foaming during processing (antifoams such polyorganosiloxanes), sedimentation of active ingredients (suspending agents), viscosity (thixotropic thickeners), in-container microbial growth (antimicrobials), product freezing (antifreezes), color (dyes/pigment dispersions), wash-off (film formers or stickers), evaporation (evaporation retardants), and other formulation attributes. Film formers include, for example, polyvinyl acetates, polyvinyl acetate copolymers, polyvinylpyrrolidone-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyvinyl alcohols, polyvinyl alcohol copolymers and waxes. Examples of formulation auxiliaries and additives include those listed in McCutcheon’s Volume 2: Functional Materials, annual International and North American editions published by McCutcheon’s Division, The Manufacturing Confectioner Publishing Co.; and PCT Publication WO 03/024222.

The compound of Formula 1 and any other active ingredients are typically incorporated into the present compositions by dissolving the active ingredient in a solvent or by grinding in a liquid or dry diluent. Solutions, including emulsifiable concentrates, can be prepared by simply mixing the ingredients. If the solvent of a liquid composition intended for use as an emulsifiable concentrate is water-immiscible, an emulsifier is typically added to emulsify the active-containing solvent upon dilution with water. Active ingredient slurries, with particle diameters of up to 2,000 μm can be wet milled using media mills to obtain particles with average diameters below 3 μm. Aqueous slurries can be made into finished suspension concentrates (see, for example, U.S. 3,060,084) or further processed by spray drying to form water-dispersible granules. Dry formulations usually require dry milling processes, which produce average particle diameters in the 2 to 10 μm range. Dusts and powders can be prepared by blending and usually grinding (such as with a hammer mill or fluid-energy mill). Granules and pellets can be prepared by spraying the active material upon preformed granular carriers or by agglomeration techniques. See Browning, “Agglomeration”, Chemical Engineering, December 4, 1967, pp 147–48, Perry’s Chemical Engineer’s Handbook, 4th Ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, 1963, pages 8–57 and following, and WO 91/13546. Pellets can be prepared as described in U.S.4,172,714. Water-dispersible and water-soluble granules can be prepared as taught in U.S. 4,144,050, U.S.3,920,442 and DE 3,246,493. Tablets can be prepared as taught in U.S.5,180,587, U.S. 5,232,701 and U.S. 5,208,030. Films can be prepared as taught in GB 2,095,558 and U.S. 3,299,566.

For further information regarding the art of formulation, see T. S. Woods,“The Formulator’s Toolbox– Product Forms for Modern Agriculture” in Pesticide Chemistry and Bioscience, The Food–Environment Challenge, T. Brooks and T. R. Roberts, Eds., Proceedings of the 9th International Congress on Pesticide Chemistry, The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, 1999, pp.120–133. See also U.S.3,235,361, Col.6, line 16 through Col.7, line 19 and Examples 10–41; U.S.3,309,192, Col.5, line 43 through Col.7, line 62 and Examples 8, 12, 15, 39, 41, 52, 53, 58, 132, 138–140, 162–164, 166, 167 and 169–182; U.S.2,891,855, Col.3, line 66 through Col.5, line 17 and Examples 1–4; Klingman, Weed Control as a Science, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 1961, pp 81–96; Hance et al., Weed Control Handbook, 8th Ed., Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1989; and Developments in Formulation Technology, PJB Publications, Richmond, UK, 2000.

In the following Examples, all percentages are by weight and all formulations are prepared in conventional ways. Compound numbers refer to compounds in Index Table A. Without further elaboration, it is believed that one skilled in the art using the preceding description can utilize the present invention to its fullest extent. The following Examples are, therefore, to be construed as merely illustrative, and not limiting of the disclosure in any way whatsoever. Percentages are by weight except where otherwise indicated.

Example A

High Strength Concentrate

Compound 1 98.5% silica aerogel 0.5% synthetic amorphous fine silica 1.0%

Example B

Wettable Powder

Compound 1 65.0% dodecylphenol polyethylene glycol ether 2.0% sodium ligninsulfonate 4.0% sodium silicoaluminate 6.0% montmorillonite (calcined) 23.0%

Example C

Granule

Compound 1 10.0% attapulgite granules (low volatile matter, 0.71/0.30 mm; 90.0% U.S.S. No.25–50 sieves)

Example D

Extruded Pellet

Compound 1 25.0% anhydrous sodium sulfate 10.0% crude calcium ligninsulfonate 5.0% sodium alkylnaphthalenesulfonate 1.0% calcium/magnesium bentonite 59.0%

Example E

Emulsifiable Concentrate

Compound 1 10.0% polyoxyethylene sorbitol hexoleate 20.0% C ₆ ^–C ₁₀ ^{fatty acid methyl ester 70.0%} Example F

Microemulsion

Compound 1 5.0% polyvinylpyrrolidone-vinyl acetate copolymer 30.0% alkylpolyglycoside 30.0% glyceryl monooleate 15.0% water 20.0%

Example G

Suspension Concentrate

Compound 1 35% butyl polyoxyethylene/polypropylene block copolymer 4.0% stearic acid/polyethylene glycol copolymer 1.0% styrene acrylic polymer 1.0% xanthan gum 0.1% propylene glycol 5.0% silicone based defoamer 0.1% 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one 0.1% water 53.7%

Example H

Emulsion in Water

Compound 1 10.0% butyl polyoxyethylene/polypropylene block copolymer 4.0% stearic acid/polyethylene glycol copolymer 1.0% styrene acrylic polymer 1.0% xanthan gum 0.1% propylene glycol 5.0% silicone based defoamer 0.1% 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one 0.1% aromatic petroleum based hydrocarbon 20.0 water 58.7%

Example I

Oil Dispersion

Compound 1 25% polyoxyethylene sorbitol hexaoleate 15% organically modified bentonite clay 2.5% fatty acid methyl ester 57.5% The present disclosure also includes Formulation Examples A through I above except “Compound 1” in each of the above Examples A through I is replaced with“Compound 2”, “Compound 3”, “Compound 4”, “Compound 5”, “Compound 6”, “Compound 7”, “Compound 8”,“Compound 9”,“Compound 10”,“Compound 11”,“Compound 12”, Compound“13”,“Compound 14”,“Compound 15”,“Compound 16”,“Compound 17”, “Compound 18”,“Compound 19”,“Compound 20”,“Compound 21”, Compound“22” and Compound“23”.

Test results indicate that the compounds of the present invention are highly active preemergent and/or postemergent herbicides and/or plant growth regulants. The compounds of the inention generally show highest activity for postemergence weed control (i.e. applied after weed seedlings emerge from the soil) and preemergence weed control (i.e. applied before weed seedlings emerge from the soil). Many of them have utility for broad-spectrum pre- and/or postemergence weed control in areas where complete control of all vegetation is desired such as around fuel storage tanks, industrial storage areas, parking lots, drive-in theaters, air fields, river banks, irrigation and other waterways, around billboards and highway and railroad structures. Many of the compounds of this invention, by virtue of selective metabolism in crops versus weeds, or by selective activity at the locus of physiological inhibition in crops and weeds, or by selective placement on or within the environment of a mixture of crops and weeds, are useful for the selective control of grass and broadleaf weeds within a crop/weed mixture. One skilled in the art will recognize that the preferred combination of these selectivity factors within a compound or group of compounds can readily be determined by performing routine biological and/or biochemical assays. Compounds of this invention may show tolerance to important agronomic crops including, but is not limited to, alfalfa, barley, cotton, wheat, rape, sugar beets, corn (maize), sorghum, soybeans, rice, oats, peanuts, vegetables, tomato, potato, perennial plantation crops including coffee, cocoa, oil palm, rubber, sugarcane, citrus, grapes, fruit trees, nut trees, banana, plantain, pineapple, hops, tea and forests such as eucalyptus and conifers (e.g., loblolly pine), and turf species (e.g., Kentucky bluegrass, St. Augustine grass, Kentucky fescue and Bermuda grass). Compounds of this invention can be used in crops genetically transformed or bred to incorporate resistance to herbicides, express proteins toxic to invertebrate pests (such as Bacillus thuringiensis toxin), and/or express other useful traits. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that not all compounds are equally effective against all weeds. Alternatively, the subject compounds are useful to modify plant growth.

As the compounds of the invention have both preemergent and postemergent herbicidal activity, to control undesired vegetation by killing or injuring the vegetation or reducing its growth, the compounds can be usefully applied by a variety of methods involving contacting a herbicidally effective amount of a compound of the invention, or a composition comprising said compound and at least one of a surfactant, a solid diluent or a liquid diluent, to the foliage or other part of the undesired vegetation or to the environment of the undesired vegetation such as the soil or water in which the undesired vegetation is growing or which surrounds the seed or other propagule of the undesired vegetation.

A herbicidally effective amount of the compounds of this invention is determined by a number of factors. These factors include: formulation selected, method of application, amount and type of vegetation present, growing conditions, etc. In general, a herbicidally effective amount of compounds of this invention is about 0.001 to 20 kg/ha with a preferred range of about 0.004 to 1 kg/ha. One skilled in the art can easily determine the herbicidally effective amount necessary for the desired level of weed control.

In one common embodiment, a compound of the invention is applied, typically in a formulated composition, to a locus comprising desired vegetation (e.g., crops) and undesired vegetation (i.e. weeds), both of which may be seeds, seedlings and/or larger plants, in contact with a growth medium (e.g., soil). In this locus, a composition comprising a compound of the invention can be directly applied to a plant or a part thereof, particularly of the undesired vegetation, and/or to the growth medium in contact with the plant.

Plant varieties and cultivars of the desired vegetation in the locus treated with a compound of the invention can be obtained by conventional propagation and breeding methods or by genetic engineering methods. Genetically modified plants (transgenic plants) are those in which a heterologous gene (transgene) has been stably integrated into the plant's genome. A transgene that is defined by its particular location in the plant genome is called a transformation or transgenic event.

Genetically modified plant cultivars in the locus which can be treated according to the invention include those that are resistant against one or more biotic stresses (pests such as nematodes, insects, mites, fungi, etc.) or abiotic stresses (drought, cold temperature, soil salinity, etc.), or that contain other desirable characteristics. Plants can be genetically modified to exhibit traits of, for example, herbicide tolerance, insect-resistance, modified oil profiles or drought tolerance. Useful genetically modified plants containing single gene transformation events or combinations of transformation events are listed in Exhibit C. Additional information for the genetic modifications listed in Exhibit C can be obtained from publicly available databases maintained, for example, by the U.S. Department of Agriculture.

The following abbreviations, T1 through T37, are used in Exhibit C for traits. A“-”

Cotton Cotton Cotton Cotton Cotton Cotton Cotton Cotton Flax Lentil Maize Maize Maize Maize Maize Maize Maize Maize Maize Maize Maize Maize Maize Maize Maize Maize Maize Maize Maize Maize Maize Maize _{Maize Maize Maize Maize} Maize Maize Maize Maize

* Argentine (Brassica napus), ** Polish (B. rapa), # Eggplant

Although most typically, compounds of the invention are used to control undesired vegetation, contact of desired vegetation in the treated locus with compounds of the invention may result in super-additive or synergistic effects with genetic traits in the desired vegetation, including traits incorporated through genetic modification. For example, resistance to phytophagous insect pests or plant diseases, tolerance to biotic/abiotic stresses or storage stability may be greater than expected from the genetic traits in the desired vegetation.

Compounds of this invention can also be mixed with one or more other biologically active compounds or agents including herbicides, herbicide safeners, fungicides, insecticides, nematocides, bactericides, acaricides, growth regulators such as insect molting inhibitors and rooting stimulants, chemosterilants, semiochemicals, repellents, attractants, pheromones, feeding stimulants, plant nutrients, other biologically active compounds or entomopathogenic bacteria, virus or fungi to form a multi-component pesticide giving an even broader spectrum of agricultural protection. Mixtures of the compounds of the invention with other herbicides can broaden the spectrum of activity against additional weed species, and suppress the proliferation of any resistant biotypes. Thus the present invention also pertains to a composition comprising a compound of Formula 1 (in a herbicidally effective amount) and at least one additional biologically active compound or agent (in a biologically effective amount) and can further comprise at least one of a surfactant, a solid diluent or a liquid diluent. The other biologically active compounds or agents can be formulated in compositions comprising at least one of a surfactant, solid or liquid diluent. For mixtures of the present invention, one or more other biologically active compounds or agents can be formulated together with a compound of Formula 1, to form a premix, or one or more other biologically active compounds or agents can be formulated separately from the compound of Formula 1, and the formulations combined together before application (e.g., in a spray tank) or, alternatively, applied in succession.

A mixture of one or more of the following herbicides with a compound of this invention may be particularly useful for weed control: acetochlor, acifluorfen and its sodium salt, aclonifen, acrolein (2-propenal), alachlor, alloxydim, ametryn, amicarbazone, amidosulfuron, aminocyclopyrachlor and its esters (e.g., methyl, ethyl) and salts (e.g., sodium, potassium), aminopyralid, amitrole, ammonium sulfamate, anilofos, asulam, atrazine, azimsulfuron, beflubutamid, benazolin, benazolin-ethyl, bencarbazone, benfluralin, benfuresate, bensulfuron-methyl, bensulide, bentazone, benzobicyclon, benzofenap, bicyclopyrone, bifenox, bilanafos, bispyribac and its sodium salt, bromacil, bromobutide, bromofenoxim, bromoxynil, bromoxynil octanoate, butachlor, butafenacil, butamifos, butralin, butroxydim, butylate, cafenstrole, carbetamide, carfentrazone-ethyl, catechin, chlomethoxyfen, chloramben, chlorbromuron, chlorflurenol-methyl, chloridazon, chlorimuron-ethyl, chlorotoluron, chlorpropham, chlorsulfuron, chlorthal-dimethyl, chlorthiamid, cinidon-ethyl, cinmethylin, cinosulfuron, clacyfos, clefoxydim, clethodim, clodinafop-propargyl, clomazone, clomeprop, clopyralid, clopyralid-olamine, cloransulam- methyl, cumyluron, cyanazine, cycloate, cyclopyrimorate, cyclosulfamuron, cycloxydim, cyhalofop-butyl, 2,4-D and its butotyl, butyl, isoctyl and isopropyl esters and its dimethylammonium, diolamine and trolamine salts, daimuron, dalapon, dalapon-sodium, dazomet, 2,4-DB and its dimethylammonium, potassium and sodium salts, desmedipham, desmetryn, dicamba and its diglycolammonium, dimethylammonium, potassium and sodium salts, dichlobenil, dichlorprop, diclofop-methyl, diclosulam, difenzoquat metilsulfate, diflufenican, diflufenzopyr, dimefuron, dimepiperate, dimethachlor, dimethametryn, dimethenamid, dimethenamid-P, dimethipin, dimethylarsinic acid and its sodium salt, dinitramine, dinoterb, diphenamid, diquat dibromide, dithiopyr, diuron, DNOC, endothal, EPTC, esprocarb, ethalfluralin, ethametsulfuron-methyl, ethiozin, ethofumesate, ethoxyfen, ethoxysulfuron, etobenzanid, fenoxaprop-ethyl, fenoxaprop-P-ethyl, fenoxasulfone, fenquinotrione, fentrazamide, fenuron, fenuron-TCA, flamprop-methyl, flamprop-M-isopropyl, flamprop-M-methyl, flazasulfuron, florasulam, fluazifop-butyl, fluazifop-P-butyl, fluazolate, flucarbazone, flucetosulfuron, fluchloralin, flufenacet, flufenpyr, flufenpyr-ethyl, flumetsulam, flumiclorac-pentyl, flumioxazin, fluometuron, fluoroglycofen-ethyl, flupoxam, flupyrsulfuron-methyl and its sodium salt, flurenol, flurenol-butyl, fluridone, flurochloridone, fluroxypyr, flurtamone, fluthiacet-methyl, fomesafen, foramsulfuron, fosamine-ammonium, glufosinate, glufosinate-ammonium, glufosinate-P, glyphosate and its salts such as ammonium, isopropylammonium, potassium, sodium (including sesquisodium) and trimesium (alternatively named sulfosate), halauxifen, halauxifen-methyl, halosulfuron-methyl, haloxyfop-etotyl, haloxyfop-methyl, hexazinone, hydantocidin, imazamethabenz-methyl, imazamox, imazapic, imazapyr, imazaquin, imazaquin-ammonium, imazethapyr, imazethapyr-ammonium, imazosulfuron, indanofan, indaziflam, iofensulfuron, iodosulfuron-methyl, ioxynil, ioxynil octanoate, ioxynil-sodium, ipfencarbazone, isoproturon, isouron, isoxaben, isoxaflutole, isoxachlortole, lactofen, lenacil, linuron, maleic hydrazide, MCPA and its salts (e.g., MCPA-dimethylammonium, MCPA- potassium and MCPA-sodium, esters (e.g., MCPA-2-ethylhexyl, MCPA-butotyl) and thioesters (e.g., MCPA-thioethyl), MCPB and its salts (e.g., MCPB-sodium) and esters (e.g., MCPB-ethyl), mecoprop, mecoprop-P, mefenacet, mefluidide, mesosulfuron-methyl, mesotrione, metam-sodium, metamifop, metamitron, metazachlor, metazosulfuron, methabenzthiazuron, methylarsonic acid and its calcium, monoammonium, monosodium and disodium salts, methyldymron, metobenzuron, metobromuron, metolachlor, S-metolachlor, metosulam, metoxuron, metribuzin, metsulfuron-methyl, molinate, monolinuron, naproanilide, napropamide, napropamide-M, naptalam, neburon, nicosulfuron, norflurazon, orbencarb, orthosulfamuron, oryzalin, oxadiargyl, oxadiazon, oxasulfuron, oxaziclomefone, oxyfluorfen, paraquat dichloride, pebulate, pelargonic acid, pendimethalin, penoxsulam, pentanochlor, pentoxazone, perfluidone, pethoxamid, pethoxyamid, phenmedipham, picloram, picloram-potassium, picolinafen, pinoxaden, piperophos, pretilachlor, primisulfuron-methyl, prodiamine, profoxydim, prometon, prometryn, propachlor, propanil, propaquizafop, propazine, propham, propisochlor, propoxycarbazone, propyrisulfuron, propyzamide, prosulfocarb, prosulfuron, pyraclonil, pyraflufen-ethyl, pyrasulfotole, pyrazogyl, pyrazolynate, pyrazoxyfen, pyrazosulfuron-ethyl, pyribenzoxim, pyributicarb, pyridate, pyriftalid, pyriminobac-methyl, pyrimisulfan, pyrithiobac, pyrithiobac-sodium, pyroxasulfone, pyroxsulam, quinclorac, quinmerac, quinoclamine, quizalofop-ethyl, quizalofop-P-ethyl, quizalofop-P-tefuryl, rimsulfuron, saflufenacil, sethoxydim, siduron, simazine, simetryn, sulcotrione, sulfentrazone, sulfometuron-methyl, sulfosulfuron, 2,3,6- TBA, TCA, TCA-sodium, tebutam, tebuthiuron, tefuryltrione, tembotrione, tepraloxydim, terbacil, terbumeton, terbuthylazine, terbutryn, thenylchlor, thiazopyr, thiencarbazone, thifensulfuron-methyl, thiobencarb, tiafenacil, tiocarbazil, tolpyralate, topramezone, tralkoxydim, tri-allate, triafamone, triasulfuron, triaziflam, tribenuron-methyl, triclopyr, triclopyr-butotyl, triclopyr-triethylammonium, tridiphane, trietazine, trifloxysulfuron, trifludimoxazin, trifluralin, triflusulfuron-methyl, tritosulfuron, vernolate, 3-(2-chloro-3,6- difluorophenyl)-4-hydroxy-1-methyl-1,5-naphthyridin-2(1H)-on e, 5-chloro-3-[(2-hydroxy-6- oxo-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)carbonyl]-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2(1H)-qu inoxalinone, 2-chloro-N- (1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pyridineca rboxamide, 7-(3,5-dichloro-4- pyridinyl)-5-(2,2-difluoroethyl)-8-hydroxypyrido[2,3-b]pyraz in-6(5H)-one), 4-(2,6-diethyl- 4-methylphenyl)-5-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-3(2H)-pyridazinone), 5-[[(2,6- difluorophenyl)methoxy]methyl]-4,5-dihydro-5-methyl-3-(3-met hyl-2-thienyl)isoxazole (previously methioxolin), 4-(4-fluorophenyl)-6-[(2-hydroxy-6-oxo-1-cyclohexen-1- yl)carbonyl]-2-methyl-1,2,4-triazine-3,5(2H,4H)-dione, methyl 4-amino-3-chloro-6-(4- chloro-2-fluoro-3-methoxyphenyl)-5-fluoro-2-pyridinecarboxyl ate, 2-methyl-3- (methylsulfonyl)-N-(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-4-(trifluorom ethyl)benzamide and 2-methyl- N-(4-methyl-1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-yl)-3-(methylsulfinyl)-4-(trif luoromethyl)benzamide. Other herbicides also include bioherbicides such as Alternaria destruens Simmons, Colletotrichum gloeosporiodes (Penz.) Penz. & Sacc., Drechsiera monoceras (MTB-951), Myrothecium verrucaria (Albertini & Schweinitz) Ditmar: Fries, Phytophthora palmivora (Butl.) Butl. and Puccinia thlaspeos Schub.

Compounds of this invention can also be used in combination with plant growth regulators such as aviglycine, N-(phenylmethyl)-1H-purin-6-amine, epocholeone, gibberellic ^{acid, gibberellin A} ₄ ^{and A} ₇ ^{, harpin protein, mepiquat chloride, prohexadione calcium,} prohydrojasmon, sodium nitrophenolate and trinexapac-methyl, and plant growth modifying organisms such as Bacillus cereus strain BP01.

General references for agricultural protectants (i.e. herbicides, herbicide safeners, insecticides, fungicides, nematocides, acaricides and biological agents) include The Pesticide Manual, 13th Edition, C. D. S. Tomlin, Ed., British Crop Protection Council, Farnham, Surrey, U.K., 2003 and The BioPesticide Manual, 2nd Edition, L. G. Copping, Ed., British Crop Protection Council, Farnham, Surrey, U.K., 2001.

For embodiments where one or more of these various mixing partners are used, the mixing partners are typically used in the amounts similar to amounts customary when the mixture partners are used alone. More particularly in mixtures, active ingredients are often applied at an application rate between one-half and the full application rate specified on product labels for use of active ingredient alone. These amounts are listed in references such as The Pesticide Manual and The BioPesticide Manual. The weight ratio of these various mixing partners (in total) to the compound of Formula 1 is typically between about 1:3000 and about 3000:1. Of note are weight ratios between about 1:300 and about 300:1 (for example ratios between about 1:30 and about 30:1). One skilled in the art can easily determine through simple experimentation the biologically effective amounts of active ingredients necessary for the desired spectrum of biological activity. It will be evident that including these additional components may expand the spectrum of weeds controlled beyond the spectrum controlled by the compound of Formula 1 alone.

In certain instances, combinations of a compound of this invention with other biologically active (particularly herbicidal) compounds or agents (i.e. active ingredients) can result in a greater-than-additive (i.e. synergistic) effect on weeds and/or a less-than-additive effect (i.e. safening) on crops or other desirable plants. Reducing the quantity of active ingredients released in the environment while ensuring effective pest control is always desirable. Ability to use greater amounts of active ingredients to provide more effective weed control without excessive crop injury is also desirable. When synergism of herbicidal active ingredients occurs on weeds at application rates giving agronomically satisfactory levels of weed control, such combinations can be advantageous for reducing crop production cost and decreasing environmental load. When safening of herbicidal active ingredients occurs on crops, such combinations can be advantageous for increasing crop protection by reducing weed competition.

Of note is a combination of a compound of the invention with at least one other herbicidal active ingredient. Of particular note is such a combination where the other herbicidal active ingredient has different site of action from the compound of the invention. In certain instances, a combination with at least one other herbicidal active ingredient having a similar spectrum of control but a different site of action will be particularly advantageous for resistance management. Thus, a composition of the present invention can further comprise (in a herbicidally effective amount) at least one additional herbicidal active ingredient having a similar spectrum of control but a different site of action.

Compounds of this invention can also be used in combination with herbicide safeners such as allidochlor, benoxacor, cloquintocet-mexyl, cumyluron, cyometrinil, cyprosulfonamide, daimuron, dichlormid, dicyclonon, dietholate, dimepiperate, fenchlorazole-ethyl, fenclorim, flurazole, fluxofenim, furilazole, isoxadifen-ethyl, mefenpyr- diethyl, mephenate, methoxyphenone naphthalic anhydride (1,8-naphthalic anhydride), oxabetrinil, N-(aminocarbonyl)-2-methylbenzenesulfonamide, N-(aminocarbonyl)- 2-fluorobenzenesulfonamide, 1-bromo-4-[(chloromethyl)sulfonyl]benzene (BCS), 4- (dichloroacetyl)-1-oxa-4-azospiro[4.5]decane (MON 4660), 2-(dichloromethyl)-2-methyl- 1,3-dioxolane (MG 191), ethyl 1,6-dihydro-1-(2-methoxyphenyl)-6-oxo-2-phenyl-5- pyrimidinecarboxylate, 2-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-3- carboxamide, and 3-oxo-1-cyclohexen-l-yl 1-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-l,6-dihydro-6-oxo-2- phenyl-5-pyrimidinecarboxylate, 2,2-dichloro-1-(2,2,5-trimethyl-3-oxazolidinyl)-ethanone and 2-methoxy-N-[[4-[[(methylamino)carbonyl]amino]phenyl]sulfony l]-benzamide to increase safety to certain crops. Antidotally effective amounts of the herbicide safeners can be applied at the same time as the compounds of this invention, or applied as seed treatments. Therefore an aspect of the present invention relates to a herbicidal mixture comprising a compound of this invention and an antidotally effective amount of a herbicide safener. Seed treatment is particularly useful for selective weed control, because it physically restricts antidoting to the crop plants. Therefore a particularly useful embodiment of the present invention is a method for selectively controlling the growth of undesired vegetation in a crop comprising contacting the locus of the crop with a herbicidally effective amount of a compound of this invention wherein seed from which the crop is grown is treated with an antidotally effective amount of safener. Antidotally effective amounts of safeners can be easily determined by one skilled in the art through simple experimentation.

Compounds of the invention cans also be mixed with: (1) polynucleotides including but not limited to DNA, RNA, and/or chemically modified nucleotides influencing the amount of a particular target through down regulation, interference, suppression or silencing of the genetically derived transcript that render a herbicidal effect; or (2) polynucleotides including but not limited to DNA, RNA, and/or chemically modified nucleotides influencing the amount of a particular target through down regulation, interference, suppression or silencing of the genetically derived transcript that render a safening effect.

Of note is a composition comprising a compound of the invention (in a herbicidally effective amount), at least one additional active ingredient selected from the group consisting of other herbicides and herbicide safeners (in an effective amount), and at least one component selected from the group consisting of surfactants, solid diluents and liquid diluents.

Table A1 lists specific combinations of a Component (a) with Component (b) illustrative of the mixtures, compositions and methods of the present invention. Compound 1 in the Component (a) column is identified in Index Table A. The second column of Table A1 lists the specific Component (b) compound (e.g.,“2,4-D” in the first line). The third, fourth and fifth columns of Table A1 list ranges of weight ratios for rates at which the Component (a) compound is typically applied to a field-grown crop relative to Component (b) (i.e. (a):(b)). Thus, for example, the first line of Table A1 specifically discloses the combination of Component (a) (i.e. Compound 1 in Index Table A) with 2,4-D is typically applied in a weight ratio between 1:192– 6:1. The remaining lines of Table A1 are to be construed similarly.

TABLE A1

Table A2 is constructed the same as Table A1 above except that entries below the “Component (a)” column heading are replaced with the respective Component (a) Column Entry shown below. Compound 1 in the Component (a) column is identified in Index Table A. Thus, for example, in Table A2 the entries below the“Component (a)” column heading all recite“Compound 2” (i.e. Compound 2 identified in Index Table A), and the first line below the column headings in Table A2 specifically discloses a mixture of Compound 2 with 2,4-D. Tables A3 through A7 are constructed similarly.

Preferred for better control of undesired vegetation (e.g., lower use rate such as from synergism, broader spectrum of weeds controlled, or enhanced crop safety) or for preventing the development of resistant weeds are mixtures of a compound of this invention with a herbicide selected from the group consisting of chlorimuron-ethyl, nicosulfuron, mesotrione, thifensulfuron-methyl, flupyrsulfuron-methyl, tribenuron, pyroxasulfone, pinoxaden, tembotrione, pyroxsulam, glyphosate, gluphosinate, metolachlor and S-metolachlor. The following Tests demonstrate the control efficacy of the compounds of this invention against specific weeds. The weed control afforded by the compounds is not limited, however, to these species. See Index Table A for compound descriptions. The abbreviation“Cmpd. No.” stands for“Compound Number”,“td” means triplet of doublets. The abbreviation“Ex.” stands for“Example” and is followed by a number indicating in which example the compound is prepared. Mass spectra are reported with an estimated precision within ±0.5 Da as the molecular weight of the highest isotopic abundance parent i _{on (M+1) formed by addition of H} ⁺ _{(molecular weight of 1) to the molecule observed by} using atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (AP+).

BIOLOGICAL EXAMPLES OF THE INVENTION TEST A

Seeds of plant species selected from barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli), crabgrass, large (large crabgrass, Digitaria sanguinalis), kochia (Kochia scoparia), ragweed (common ragweed, Ambrosia elatior), morningglory (Ipomoea spp.), velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti), ryegrass, Italian (Italian ryegrass, Lolium multiflorum), foxtail, giant (giant foxtail, Setaria faberii), wheat (Triticum aestivum), corn (Zea mays), and pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus), were planted into a blend of loam soil and sand and treated preemergence with a directed soil spray using test chemicals formulated in a non-phytotoxic solvent mixture which included a surfactant.

At the same time, plants selected from these crop and weed species and also blackgrass (Alopecurus myosuroides), and galium (catchweed bedstraw, Galium aparine), were planted in pots containing the same blend of loam soil and sand and treated with postemergence applications of test chemicals formulated in the same manner. Plants ranged in height from 2 to 10 cm and were in the one- to two-leaf stage for the postemergence treatment. Treated plants and untreated controls were maintained in a greenhouse for approximately 10 d, after which time all treated plants were compared to untreated controls and visually evaluated for injury. Plant response ratings, summarized in Table A, are based on a 0 to 100 scale where 0 is no effect and 100 is complete control. A dash (–) response means no test result.

TEST B

Plant species in the flooded paddy test selected from rice (Oryza sativa), sedge, umbrella (small-flower umbrella sedge, Cyperus difformis), ducksalad (Heteranthera limosa), and barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) were grown to the 2-leaf stage for testing. At time of treatment, test pots were flooded to 3 cm above the soil surface, treated by application of test compounds directly to the paddy water, and then maintained at that water depth for the duration of the test. Treated plants and controls were maintained in a greenhouse for 13 to 15 d, after which time all species were compared to controls and visually evaluated. Plant response ratings, summarized in Table B, are based on a scale of 0 to 100 where 0 is no effect and 100 is complete control. A dash (–) response means no test result.