Field of Invention:

This invention relates to the method of increasing the level of actuation of friction braking with tire help of the kinetic energy of the moving object

Background:

The below-mentioned prior arts are examples of traditional self-energizing brakes, where different problems occur

1. US3512614A (Self-energizing disc brake for automotive vehicles)

2. US4676345A (Self-energizing disc brakes)

The problems which occur in above mentioned prior arts are over-sensible braking, uncontrolled braking, and brake failures due to tiie deformation of iron balls under brake load.

To resolve the above problems in the D drain self-energizing method, two or more FBSs are arranged in a chain for the removal or reduction of kinetic energy from one or more moving objects. This chain in which the FBSs are arranged may be an open chain or a close drain. As the brake pad of an FBS is pushed against tire surface of tire moving object for the braking, two types of forces are generated between the surface ofthe brake pad of the FBS and the surface of the moving object. These two types of forces are the frictional force and the normal reaction force. The frictional force that is generated between tire surface of the brake pad of the previous FBS of the drain and the surface of tire moving object is used as tire braking effort by the next FBS of the chain. But the normal reaction force that is generated between the surface of the brake pad of the previous FBS of tire chain and the surface of the moving object is not used as the braking effort by tire next FBS of the drain. This invention reduces the requirement of energy in FBSs for friction braking In this invention, the energy which is transferred by the previous FBS of the drain increases tire level of actuation of the next FBS of tire drain without being stored. The D chain self-energizing method has two types. These two types are D open chain self-energizing method and the D dose chain self-energizing method.

The D open chain self-energizing method is the method in which two or more FBSs are arranged in the open chain for the removal or reduction of kinetic energy from one or more moving objects. In the chain of FBSs, a magnitude of the frictional force that is generated between the surface of the brake pad of the previous FBS and the surface of the moving object is used to push the brake pad of the next FBS against the surface of the moving object. But in the chain of FBSs, a magnitude of the frictional force that is generated between the surface of the brake pad of the last FBS and the surface of the moving object is not used to push the brake pad of another FBS against the surface of the moving object The D open chain selfenergizing method reduces the requirement of energy for controlled friction braking. The increment in the label of actuation of an FBS with the help of another FBS reduces the requirement of energy in the FBSs for friction braking. Like this, the requirement of energy in the FBSs tor friction braking can be reduced. Since the label Of actuation of the next FBS of the chain depends on the label of actuation of the previous FBS of the chain, the controlled braking by the previous FBS can be the cause of controlled braking by the next FBS of the chain.

The D close chain self-energizing method is the method in which two or more FBSs are arranged in the close chain for the removal or reduction of kinetic energy from one or more moving objects, in the chain of FBSs, a magnitude of the frictional force that is generated between the surface of the brake pad of the previous FBS and the surface of the moving object is used to push the brake pad :of the next FBS against the surface of the moving object. But in the chain of FBSs, a magnitude of the frictional force that is generated bet ween the surface of the brake pad of the last FBS and the surface of the moving object is used to push the brake pad of the first FBS against the surface of the moving object. The D close chain self-energizing method reduces the requirement of energy more than the D open chain selfenergizing method for friction braking. Objective:

The present invention has been developed in response to the present state of the art, and in particular, in response to the problems and needs in the art that have not yet been folly solved by currently available techniques and processes.

The D chain self-energizing method has two types. These two types are D open chain . self-energizing method and the D close chain self-energizing method.

The objectives of the D open chain self-energizing method and D close chain selfenergizing method are described below.

1. lite objective of the D open chain self-energizing method is to reduce the requirement of energy for controlled friction braking.

2. The objective of the D close chain self-energizing method is to reduce the requirement of energy more than the D open chain self-energizing method for friction braking.

How the foregoing objects are achieved will be clear from the following brief description. In this context, it is clarified that the description provided is nonlimiting and is only by way of explanation. Other objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent as the foregoing description proceeds, taken together with tire appended claims.

I

Summary:

In the D chain self-energizing method, two or more FBSs are arranged in a chain for the removal or reduction of kinetic energy from one or more moving objects. This chain in which the FBSs are arranged may be an open chain or a close chain. As the brake pad of an FBS is pushed against the surface of the moving object for the braking, two types of forces are generated between the surface of the brake pad of the FBS and the surface of the moving object. These two types Of forces are the frictional force and the normal reaction force. The frictional force that is generated between the surfece of the brake pad of the previous FBS of the chain and the surfece of the moving object is used as the braking effort by tiie next FBS of the drain. But the normal reaction force that is generated between the surface of the brake pad of the previous FBS of the chain and the surface of the moving object is not used as the braking effort by the next FBS of the chain. This invention reduces the requirement of energy in FBSs for friction braking. In this invention, the energy which is transferred by the previous FBS of the chain increases the level of actuation of the next FBS of the drain without being stored.

The D chain self-energizing method has two types. These two types are D open drain self-energizing method and the D close chain self-energizing method.

The D open drain self-energizing method is the method in which two or more FBSs are arranged in the open drain for the removal or reduction of kinetic energy from one or more moving objects. In the drain of FBSs, a magnitude of the frictional force that is generated between the surface of the brake pad of the previous FBS and the surfece of the moving object is used to push the brake pad of the next FBS against the surfece of the moving object. But in the drain of FBSs, a magnitude of the frictional force that is generated betwear the surface of the brake pad of the last FBS and the surfece of the moving objed is not used to push the brake pad of another FBS against the surfece of the moving object The D open drain selfenergizing method reduces the requirement of energy for controlled friction braking.

The D close drain self-energizing method is the method in which two or more FBSs are arranged in the close chain for the removal or reduction of kinetic energy from one or more moving objects. In the chain of FBSs, a magnitude of the frictional force that is generated betwear the surfece of the brake pad of the previous FBS and the surfece of the moving object is used to push the brake pad of the next FBS against the surfece of the moving object But in the drain of FBSs, a magnitude of the frictional force that is generated betwear the surfece of the brake pad of the last FBS and the surface of the moving object is used to push the brake pad of the first FBS against the surface of the moving object. The D dose chain self-energizing method reduces the requirement of energy more than the D open chain selfenergizing method for friction braking.

With the help of example 3, we will understand the concept of the D chain selfenergizing method. In example 3, the hydraulic disc brake system is used as the FBS. Figures (6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19) show various views of example 3. Example 3 shows the utilization of frictional force that is generated between the surface of the brake pad of the FBS and the surface of the moving object as the braking effort by another FBS. This increment in the label of actua tion of an FBS with the help of another FBS reduces the requirement of energy in the FBSs for friction braking.

Description of Figures:

These and other features, aspects, and advantages of the present invention will became better understood when the following detailed description is read with reference to the accompanying figures in which like characters represent like parts throughout the figures, wherein:

Figure 1: Force simulation during friction braking

Figure!: Utilization of the D open chain self-energizing method

Figure 3: Utilization of the D dose chain self-energizing method

Figure 4: Exploded view of the caliper assembly

Figure 5: Cut section view of the caliper assembly

Figure 6: Front view of example 3 with hidden lines and visible lines

Figure 7: Front view of example 3 with visible lines

Figure 8: Back view of example 3 with hidden lines and visible lines

Figure 9: Back view of example 3 with visible lines

Figure 10: Right view of example 3 with hidden lines and visible lines Figure 11 : Right view of example 3 with visible lines

Figure 12: Left view of example 3 with hidden lines and visible lines

Figure 13: Left view of example 3 with visible lines

Figure 14: Top view of example 3 with hidden lines and visible lines

Figure 15: Top View of example 3 with visible lines

Figure 16: Bottom view of example 3 with hidden lines and visible lines

Figure 17: Bottom view of example 3 with visible lines

Figure 18: Exploded view of example 3 withhidden brake disc (9)

Figure 19: Isometric view of example 3

Detailed Description of Invention:

For the purpose of prompting an understanding of the principles of the invention, reference will now be made to the embodiment illustrated in the figures and specific language will be used to describe the same. It will nevertheless be understood that no limitation of the scope of the invention is thereby intended, such alterations and further modifications in the illustrated system, and such further applications of the principles of the invention as illustrated therein being contemplated as would normally occur to one skilled in the art to which the invention relates.

It will be Understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory of the invention and are not intended to be restrictive thereof.

Reference throughout this specification to “an aspect”, “another aspect” or similar language means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. Thus, appearances of the phrase “in an embodiment”, “in another embodiment” and similar language throughout this specification may, but do not necessarily, all refer to the same embodiment.

The terms "comprises", "comprising'*, or any other variations thereof^ are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process or method that comprises a list of steps does not indude only those steps but may indude other steps not expressly listed or inherent to such process or method. Similarly, one or more devices or systems or elements or structures or components proceeded by "comprises... a" does not, without more constraints, preclude the existence of other devices or other systems or other elements or other structures or other components or additional devices or additional systems or additional elements or additional structures or additional components.

Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The system, methods, and examples provided herein are illustrative only and not intended to be limiting.

The terms “a" and “an” herein do not denote a limitation of quantity, but rather denote the presence of at least one of the referenced items.

The toms “having”, “comprising”, “including”, and variations thereof signify the presence of a component.

Now the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the following embodiment

In this invention, two or more FBSs are used in a drain for the removal or reduction of kinetic energy from one or more moving objects. This chain in which the FBSs are arranged may be an open chain or a close chain.

The friction braking system (FBS) is the type of braking system that removes or reduces the kinetic energy from the moving object with the hdp of friction. Typically, an FBS pushes the pad-shaped friction material against the surface of the moving object to create friction. This pad-shaped friction material is called the brake pad.

Figure 1 shows the forces which occur when the brake pad (BP) is pushed against the surface of the moving object (MO) during braking. The moving direction of the moving object (MO) is denoted by an arrow. Due to the pushing of the brake pad (BP) of the FBS against the surface of the moving object (MO), the two types of forces are generated between the surface of the brake pad (BP) and the surface of the moving object (MO). These two types are frictional force (F _r ) and normal reaction force (Fn).

The frictional force (F _r ) that is generated between the surface of the brake pad (BP) and the surface of the moving object (MO) opposes the relative motion of the surface of the brake pad (BP) and the surface of the moving object (MO). This force acts in the parallel direction of the contacting surfaces of the brake pad (BP) and the moving object (MO).

The normal reaction force (Fn) that is generated between the surface of the brake pad (BP) and the surface of the moving object (MO) is exerted by the surface of the moving object (MO) on the surface of the brake pad (BP). This force acts in the normal direction of the contacting surfaces of the brake pad (BP) and the moving object (MO).

In the D chain self-energizing method, two or more FBSs are arranged in a chain for the removal or reduction of kinetic energy from one or more moving objects. This chain in which the FBSs are arranged may be an open chain or a close chain. As the brake pad of an FBS is pushed against the surface of the moving object for the braking, two types offorces are generated between the surface of the brake pad of the FBS and the surface of the moving object. These two types of forces are the frictional force and the normal reaction force. Both types of forces are discussed above. The frictional force that is generated between the surface of the brake pad of the previous FBS of the chain and the surface of the moving object is used as the braking effort by the next FBS of the chain. But the normal reaction force that is generated between the surface of the brake pad of the previous FBS of the chain and the surface of the moving object is not used as the braking effort by the next FBS of the chain. This invention reduces the requirement of energy in FBSs for friction braking, In this invention, the energy which is transferred by the previous FBS of the chain increases the level of actuation of the next FBS of the chain without being stored.

The D chain self-energizing method has two types. These two types are D open Chain Self-energizing method and the D close chain self-energizing method.

The D open chain self-energizing method is the method in which two or more FBSs are arranged in the open chain for the removal and reduction of kinetic energy from one or more moving objects. In the chain of FBSs, a magnitude of the frictional force that is generated between the surface of the brake pad of the previous FBS and the surface of the moving object is used to push the brake pad of the next FBS against the surface of the moving object But in the chain Of FBSs, a magnitude of the frictional force that is generated between the surface of the brake pad of the last FBS and the surface of the moving object is not used to push the brake pad of another FBS against the surface of the moving object. According to figure 2, example 1 shows the utilization of the D open chain self-energizing method.

Example 1 : Utilization of the D open chain self-energizing method

According to Figure 2, F _r 1 (a magnitude of frictional force) is generated between the surface of the brake pad of the friction braking system (FBS 1) and the surface of the moving object as F (amagnitude of force) pushes the brake pad of the friction braking: system (FBS 1) against the surface of the moving object. F _r l (a magnitude of the frictional force) that is generated between the surface of the brake pad of the friction braking system (FBS 1) and the surface of the moving object is used to push the brake pad of the friction braking system (FBS 2) against the surface of the moving object. Due to the pushing of the brake pad of the friction braking system (FBS 2) against the surface of the moving object, F _r 2 (a magnitude of the frictional force) is generated between the surfece of the brake pad of the friction braking system (FBS 2) and the surface of the moving object. F _r 2 (a magnitude of the frictional force) that is generated between the surfece of the brake pad of the friction braking system (FBS 2) and the surfece of the moving object is used to push the brake pad of the friction braking system (FBS 3) against the surfece of the moving object Due to the pushing of the brake pad of the friction braking system (FBS 3) against the surfece of the moving object, F _r 3 (a magnitude of the frictional force) is generated between the surfece of the brake pad of the friction braking system (FBS 3) and the surfece of the moving object F _r 3 (a magnitude of the frictional force) that is generated between the surfece of the brake pad of the friction braking system (FBS 3) and the surfece of the moving object is used to push the brake pad of the next friction braking system of the chain against the surfece of the moving object. Like this, all the friction braking systems of the chain increase their label of actuation. F _r n-1 (a magnitude of the frictional force) that is generated between the surfece of the brake pad of the friction braking system (FBS n-1) and the surfece of the moving object is used to push the brake pad of the friction braking system (FBS n) against the surfece of the moving object Due to the pushing of the brake pad of the friction braking system (FBS n) against the surfece of the moving object, F*n (a magnitude of the frictional force) is generated between the surfece of the brake pad of the friction braking system (FBS n) and the surfece of the moving object But F _r n (a magnitude of the frictional force) that is generated between the surfece of the brake pad of the friction braking system (FBS n) and the surfece of the moving object is not used to push the brake pad of another friction braking system against the surfece of the moving object In Figure 2, ‘n’ represents infinite.

The D close chain self-energizing method is the method in which two or more FBSs are arranged in the close chain for the removal or reduction of kinetic energy from one or more moving objects. In the chain of FBSs, a magnitude of the frictional force that is generated between the surfece of the brake pad of the previous FBS and the surfece of the moving object is used to push the brake pad of the next FBS against the surface of the moving object. But in the chain of FBSs, a magnitude of the frictional force that is generated between the surface of the brake pad of the last FBS and the surface of the moving object is used to push the brake pad of the first FBS against the surface of the moving object According to figure 3, example 2 shows the utilization of the D close chain self-energizing method

Example 2: Utilization of the D close chain self-energizing method

According: to Figure 3, F _r l (a magnitude of the frictional force) is generated between the surface of the brake pad of the friction braking system (FBS 1) and the surface of the moving object as F (a magnitude of the force) pushes the brake pad of the friction braking system (FBS 1) against the surface: of the moving object F _r 1 (a magnitude of the frictional force) that is generated between the surface of the brake pad of the friction braking system (FBS 1) and the surface of the moving Object is used to push the brake pad of the friction braking system (FBS 2) against the surface of the moving object. Due to the pushing of the brake pad of the friction braking system (FBS 2) against the surface of the moving object, F _r 2 (a magnitude of the frictional force) is generated between the surface of the brake pad of the friction braking system (FBS 2) and the surface of the moving object. F _r 2 (a magnitude of the frictional force) that is generated between the surface of the brake pad of the friction braking system (FBS 2) and the surface of the moving object is used to push the brake pad of the friction braking system (FBS 3) against the surface of the moving object . Due to the pushing of the brake pad of the friction braking system (FBS 3) against the surface of the moving object, F _r 3 (a magnitude of the frictional force) is generated between the surface of the brake pad of the friction braking system (FBS 3) and the surface of the moving object. F _r 3 (a magnitude of the frictional force) that is generated between the surface o f the brake pad of the friction braking system (FBS 3) and the surface of the moving object is used to push the brake pad of the next friction braking system of the chain against the surface of the moving object Like this. all the friction braking systems of the chain increase their label of actuation. F _r n-1 (a magnitude of the frictional force) that is generated between the surface of the brake pad of the friction braking system (FBS n-1) and the surface of the moving object is used to push the brake pad of the friction braking system (FBS n) against the surface of the moving object Due to the pushing of the brake pad of the friction braking system (FBS n) against the surface of the moving object, F _r it (a magnitude of the frictional force) is generated between the surface of the brake pad of the friction braking system (FBS n) and the surface of the moving object

But F _r n (a magnitude of the frictional force) that is generated between the surface of the brake pad of the friction braking system (FBS n) and the surface of the moving object is used to push the brake pad of the friction braking system (FBS 1) against the surface of the moving object. In Figure 3, *n* represents infinite.

With the help of example 3, we will understand the concept of the D chain selfenergizing method, hi example 3, the hydraulic disc brake system is used as the FBS. The caliper assembly is an important part of the hydraulic disc brake system. Figures (4, 5) show the various views of the caliper assembly of the hydraulic disc brake system. The hydraulic disc brake system which is used in example 3 uses the pressure of the hydraulic fluid to push brake pads (7, 8) against the surfaces of the brake disc (9). The construction and working of this hydraulic disc brake system are described below.

The construction of the hydraulic disc brake system is described below:

The parts of the hydraulic disc brake system are caliper (1), piston plate (2), oil seal (3), metallic plate (4), sleeve (S), sleeve (6), brake Pad (7), brake Pad (8), hydraulic fluid, oil passage, pressure source.

The above parts of the hydraulic disc brake system are described below:

- Caliper (1); The caliper (1) is a part of the hydraulic disc brake system that holds the piston plate (2), oil seal (3), metallic plate (4), sleeves (5, 6), and brake pads (7, 8). - Piston plate (2): The piston plate (2) has a cylindrical part as well as the flat plate part. The cylindrical part of the piston plate (2) is placed in the cylindrical cavity of the caliper (1).

- Oil seal (3): The oil seal (3) is a non-metallic ring that is placed in the circular groove of the caliper (1) to reduce the leakage of hydraulic fluid.

- Metallic plate (4): The metallic plate (4) is a thick metallic plate that is fitted in the groove of the caliper (1).

~ Sleeve (5): Sleeve (5) is fitted in the groove of the caliper (1).

- Sleeve (6): Sleeve (6) is fitted on the piston plate (2).

- Brake Pad (7): Brake pad (7) is a piece of friction material that is strictly attached to the surface of the piston plate (2) with the help of adhesive.

•••• Brake Pad (8): Brake pad (8) is a piece of friction material that is strictly attached to the surface of the metallic plate (4) with the help of adhesive.

~ Hydraulic Fluid: The hydraulic fluid is the non-compressible fluid that is filled in the cylindrical cavity of the caliper (1).

- Oil Passage: The oil passage is the passage, through which the hydraulic fluid transfer, takes place between the pressure source and the cylindrical cavity of the caliper (1).

- Pressure Source: The pressure source is a source that varies _: the pressure of hydraulic fluid in the cylindrical cavity of the caliper (1).

The working of the hydraulic disc brake system is described below:

For the braking, the pressure source pushes the hydraulic fluid in the cylindrical cavity of the caliper (1) through the oil passage. Due to the pushing of hydraulic fluid in the cylindrical cavity of the caliper (1), the pressure of hydraulic fluid in the cylindrical cavity of the caliper (1) increases. The pressurized: hydraulic fluid pushes the piston plate (2), due to which piston plate (2) moves. Since the brake pad (7) is strictly attached to the surface of (he piston plate (2), the piston plate (2) pushes the brake pad (7) against the surface of the brake disc (9). A magnitude of the normal reaction force is generated due to the pushing of the surface of the brake disc (9) by the surface of the brake pad (7). This normal reaction force pushes the caliper (1), due to which the caliper (1) moves. Since the brake pad (8) is strictly attached to the surface of the metallic plate (4), the caliper (1) pushes the brake pad (8) against the surface of the brake disc (9). Like this, the hydraulic disc brake system pushes the brake pads (7, 8) against the surfaces of the brake disc (9).

For the release of the brakes, the pressure source sucks the hydraulic fluid from the cylindrical cavity of the caliper (1) through the oil passage. The suction of hydraulic fluid from the cylindrical cavity of the caliper (1) reduces the pressure of hydraulic fluid in the cylindrical cavity of the caliper (1). Due to the suction of hydraulic fluid from the cylindrical cavity of the caliper (I), the piston plate (2) comes to its initial position. Since the brake pad (7) is attached to the surface of the piston plate (2), the brake pad (7) also comes to its initial position. Due to this movement of the brake pad (7), the brake pad (8) and the caliper (1) come to their respective initial positions.

Example 3 shows the concept of the D chain self- energizing method. The hydraulic disc brake system is used as the FBS in example 3. The construction and working of the hydraulic disc brake system are described above. Figures 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 , 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19) show various views of the example 3, The construction and working of example 3 are described below. Example 3 shows how an FBS increases the level of actuation of another FBS in the D chain selfenergizing method.

The construction of example 3 is described below:

In example 3, the hydraulic disc brake system is used as the FBS. This hydraulic disc brake system has a brake disc (9) that rotates in the clockwise direction, according to Figure 6. The brake disc (9) Of the hydraulic disc brake system rotates in the anticlockwise direction, according to figure 8. Link (10) is hinged with the caliper (1) and link (11) with the help of pin (12) and pin (1:3), respectively. To keep link (10) hinged with the caliper (1) and link (11), circlips (14, 15, 16, 17) are placed iii the circular grooves of link (10). Since link (10) is hinged with the caliper (1) and link (11), link (10) can rotate to a limited angle with respect to the caliper (1) and link (11). Springs (18, 19, 20, 21) which are the integral parts of link (10) maintain the initial position of the caliper (1) with respect to link (11) during the release of the brakes. Link (11), which is hinged with link (10), is mounted on the stationary axle (22) of the wheel with the help of the sliding bearing (23). This axle (22) of the wheel is called the stationary axle of the wheel because it remains stationary. To maintain the position of link (11) on the axle (22) of the wheel, circlips (24, 25) are placed in the circular grooves of the axle (22) of the wheel, lite brake disc (9) is strictly attached to the wheel hub with the help of nuts and bolts. One end of the connecting rod (26) is hinged with the link (11) with the help of the pin (27). To keep the connecting rod (26) hinged with link (11), the circlips (28, 29) are placed in the circular grooves of the link (11). Another end of the connecting rod (26) is hinged with the pushrod (30) of another FBS with the help of the pin (31). To keep the connectingrod (26) hinged with the pushrod (30) of another FBS, circlips (32, 33) are placed in the circular grooves of the pushrod (30) of another FBS. Guide (34) guides the motion of the pushrod (30) of another FBS. Spring (35) pushes the pushrod (30) of another FBS. With the help of the spring (35), the pushrod (30) of another FBS comes to its initial position during the release of the brakes.

The working of example 3 is described below:

For the braking, the pressure source pushes the hydraulic fluid in the cylindrical cavity of the caliper (1) through the oil passage. Due to this pushing of hydraulic fluid in the cylindrical cavity of the caliper (1), the pressure of the hydraulic fluid increases in the cylindrical cavity of the caliper (1). This pressurized hydraulic fluid pushes the brake pads (7, 8) against the surfaces of the rotating brake disc (9). Due to this pushing of the brake pads (7, 8) against the surfaces of the brake disc (9), two types of forces are generated between the surfaces of brake pads (7, 8) and the surfaces of the brake disc (9). These two types are frictional force (F _r ) and normal reaction force (Fn). A magnitude of the normal reaction force that is generated between the surface of the brake pad (7) and the surface of the brake disc (9) pushes the brake pad (8) against the surface of the brake disc (9). Like this, a magnitude of the normal reaction force that is generated between the surface of the brake pad (8) and the surface of the brake disc (9) pushes the brake pad (7) against the surface of the brake disc (9). A magnitude of the frictional force that is generated between the surfaces of brake pads (7, 8) and the surfaces of the brake disc (9) pushes the caliper

(I). Due to this pushing bf the caliper (1), links (10, 11) also get pushed. Since link

(II) is mounted on the stationary axle (22) of the wheel with the help of a sliding bearing (23), the sliding bearing (23) allows the caliper (1) and links (10, 11) to move in the rotating direction of the brake disc (9). As the link (11) rotates, the connecting rod (26) pushes the pushrpd (30) of another PBS. The pushing of the pushrod (30) of another PBS pushes the brake pad of another PBS against the surface of the moving object. As the pushrod (30) of another FBS gets completely pushed, the pushrod (30) of another FBS does not allow the caliper (1) to move. Since the pushrod (30) of another FBS does not allow the caliper (1) to move, a magnitude of the frictional force that is generated between the surfaces of brake pads (7, 8) and the surfaces of the brake disc (9) reduces the rotating speed of the brake disc (9).

During the release of the brakes, the pressure source sucks the hydraulic fluid from the cylindrical cavity of the caliper (1). The suction of the hydraulic fluid from the cylindrical cavity of the caliper (1) reduces the pressure of the hydraulic fluid in the cylindrical cavity of the caliper (1). Since the pressure of the hydraulic fluid is reduced in the cylindrical cavity of the caliper (1 ), brake pad (7) and brake pad (8) come to their respective initial positions. As brake pads (7, 8) come to their respective initial positions, the physical contacts between the surfaces of brake pads (7, 8) and the surfaces of the brake disc (9) are removed. Due to the removal of the physical contacts between the surfaces of brake pads (7, 8) and the surfaces of the brake disc (9), the caliper (1) and links (10, 11) come to their respective initial posi tions wi th the help of spring (35).

Like this, the requirement of energy in the FBSs for friction braking can be reduced. Since the label of actuation of the next FBS of the chain depends on the label of actuation of the previous FBS of the chain, the control led braking by the previous FBS of the chain can be the cause of controlled braking by the next FBS of the chain.

In this example 3, the hydraulic disc brake system is used as the FBS. Example 3 shows the utilization of frictional force that is generated between the surface of the brake pad of the FBS and the surface of the moving object as the braking effort by another FBS for friction braking. The increment in the label of actuation of an FBS with the help of another FBS reduces the requirement of energy in the FBSs for friction braking.