DATA TRANSMISSION IN VEHICLES

Related Technical Field

The present invention relates to a control and query mechanism comprising of an energy distribution network, which provides energy transfer to receivers that operate interactively, with a digital and/or analog data transmission network integrated to it, containing central and intermediate control units.

Background Art

In electric energy distribution networks currently used in industry, energy received from its source is transmitted to the receivers in system via cables. Receiver in system continues to function using the incoming energy. Moreover, information related to receiver's operation is transmitted to command cable via cables. This function cannot be performed when there is a problem with the receiver or line and the problem is determined by checking all receivers one by one or by warning of fuse on the receiver/line. As number of receivers increase, so do the number and length of cables used in the system. This makes it inevitable to make additions to cables, and these joints cause problems in energy transmission by time due to corrosion effects and outer factors. Additionally, increasing amount of cables makes it necessary to make special place for them in the system and to expand system volume. Fuses placed to protect the system within certain limits blow out when protection threshold is exceeded and become dysfunctional. Owing to problems mentioned above, use of data communication network integrated to energy distribution network is implemented in industry. Distribution of electric energy using alternating current in industrial institutions is integrated to data communication networks to control production in large production areas. It is possible to use networks that provide analog or digital data communication in these areas.

Transfer of energy in systems working with electric energy, as means of air, naval and land transportation e.g. buses, trucks, trains, and data of receivers in the vehicle has been provided with cables at first, as in industrial institutions. Data transfer has been separated from energy transfer and used as two integrated transfer systems due to disadvantages like failure to ensure security of data communication with cables in

parallel with the developing technological devices and methods, loss of space in vehicle and errors in data transfer. Problems in receivers like lamps, windshield wipers on vehicles are determined within a short time using systems, comprised of a control unit and communicating receivers, for data communication, and they are solved with various means available in the system.

Furthermore, communication with receivers in areas like industrial institutions, vehicles, where data communication is used, can be provided wireless via GSM ₁ as well as via fiber and other cables.

In the state of the art, data communication network like CAN (Controller Area Network) is being used. In these applications, there is a single control unit, which provides control and communication with all receivers in the system, and management of whole system from a single center causes delays and interruptions in data flow traffic. Problems also increase especially as the number of nodes in network does.

Among the state of the art, data communication system between vehicles is disclosed in patent no. EP875111. In this system, a control unit in a network, containing software and hardware, connects to another network over air using a modem, and reports a vehicle's problem or status to the service remotely using a monitor.

In patent applications no. US6373147 and DE10006145, control of brake system in vehicle by a microcontroller via sensors is disclosed. There is no central communication system in this document, just local control of brakes is done.

In German patent application no. 10301525, a method of energy and data transfer in motor vehicles is explained.

In German patent no. 19714761 , data transfer in a network with a hierarchical structure within a protocol framework, is disclosed. In data flow to levels classified with the method in invention, flow direction is controlled with switches.

European patent application no. EP1197396 discloses a network allowing communication with vehicles, which use Controller Area Network (CAN) and Bluetooth protocols. In this document, information about vehicle is transmitted to another zone

using data network. Network used here is not used only to communicate with receivers inside the vehicle. Besides, as processes are controlled by a single central unit, it becomes impossible to prevent data traffic from becoming dense as number of nodes in network increase.

Data communication using CAN networks between vehicles is discussed in international patent application no. WO97/26750. Vehicles connection established over air line contains one control unit. Status of vehicles during communication between more than one network with vehicles, is controlled by a remote control unit.

Patent application no. US6801942 discloses usage of address code and counter codes related to a different part's recognition when installed to data line in CAN network of vehicles. Data communication within the network used (CAN) is provided by a single central processing unit.

A data transfer method performed within a protocol framework, between a central unit and multiple modules is disclosed in Patent application no. WO03036878.

However, in these applications, there is a single central unit in the data communication network in vehicle, and data incoming/outgoing from all receivers is controlled by the same unit. Communication speed decreases due to increase in data traffic when number of receivers in the system increase and central unit fails to carry out its function in a healthy manner.

Object of the Invention

It is the object of the present invention to develop a mechanism, which contains an energy distribution network that provides energy transmission from the source to prevent unnecessary cable usage in vehicles, and ensures data communication independently from this network.

Another object of this invention is to develop a mechanism, where functions of the central control unit is shared to reduce its load for a fast, secure data communication, and which contains sub-control units that are in permanent coordination with the central control unit and ensure communication with the receivers.

A further object of this invention is to develop a mechanism, which recognizes parts used in receivers by checking their IDs using certain methods/devices to ensure that mechanism maintenance and repair operations are only performed by authorized personnel, and only approved parts are used in the receiver.

Description of the Drawings

Data transmission mechanism of the present invention is shown in drawings attached.

Figure-1 Schematic view of the data transmission mechanism of the present invention, Figure-2 Another schematic view of the mechanism subjected to the present invention, Figure-3 Schematic view of the energy distribution mechanism, Figure-4 Schematic view of the data communication mechanism.

Below given is the numbers of parts in figures and their corresponding definitions:

1. Data transmission mechanism

2. Energy distribution mechanism

3. Data communication mechanism

4. Main control unit 5. Sub-control unit

5.1 Processing unit-SCU

6. Warning mechanism

7. Electricity generator

8. Carrier 9. Control unit

10. Central processing unit-CPU

11. Receiver

12. Power module 12.1 Driving chip 12.2 Load control circuit

13. Digital routing mechanism

14. Data output mechanism

15. Data input mechanism

16. Memory 17. Recognition mechanism

18. Sensor

19. Indicator

20. Software

21. Converter 22. Software converter

23. Input-output

24. Data line

25. PWM unit

26. Sensor control unit 27. Indicator control unit

28. Active timing

29. Registry

30. Interface

Data transmission mechanism (1) of the present invention, used in vehicles, comprises at least one energy distribution mechanism (2) that transfers the electric energy from its source, which is required by receivers (11) like headlights, windshield wipers, heaters, etc. to operate; and a data communication mechanism (3) with at least one main control unit and one or more sub-control unit(s) (5) between the main control unit (4) and receivers (11) (Figure 1). In preferred embodiment of the invention, data transmission mechanism (1) has one or more warning mechanism(s) (6) for receiver functions.

Warning mechanism (6) includes warning-purpose units like sensor (18) used to provide information like heat, fuel level, etc. at the receivers, to the mechanism. Data sent by sensor is controlled by sensor control unit (26) in sub-control unit(s) and transferred to the related unit/receiver.

Energy distribution mechanism (2) comprises at least one electricity generator (7) like battery, accumulator, etc., and carriers (8) like cables between receivers (11) using the generator and electricity. In order to minimize the amount of cables used, energy on generator is transferred to the receivers over a cable on single line. In one embodiment of the invention, mechanism (2) contains a cable carrying (-) line together with the other line. Furthermore, there is one or more control unit(s) (9) functioning as fuse in energy distribution mechanism (2), in order to protect the mechanism (2) in case of a

breakdown related to energy transmission.

Data communication mechanism (3) contains at least one main control unit (4), one or more sub-control unit(s) (5), one or more data line(s) (24) that provides separate transfer of control, status and reference information of data, and recognition mechanism (17). Sub-control units are connected to main control unit (4) in a structure that allows data flow. Additionally, in one application of invention, sub-control units are also connected to each other. It is possible to scale the mechanism (3) by increasing the number of main and sub-control units depending on requirements occurring due to increase in density of data flow in mechanism (3) etc.

Main control unit (4) that provides control of data communiction mechanism (3) comprises, at least one central processing unit-CPU (10), one or more software (20), separate input/output(s) (23) for each data line in order to ensure sorted input of control, status and reference information in data line(s) to the mechanism, at least one digital routing mechanism (13), which provides data flow traffic by sending the incoming control, status and reference information to related parts of mechanism, at least one data input mechanism (15) that allows data intake to the mechanism, at least one data output mechanism (14) and at least one memory (16) where data received from mechanism (3) are stored. In an embodiment of the invention, there is at least one active timing (28) in the control unit (4). Active timing (28) consists at least one time chip with real time. In different applications of the invention, there is one or more converter(s) (21) in main control unit (4) to convert digital information to analog or vice versa, in another application of the invention, main control unit (4) contains at least one sensor control unit (26), where incoming information from sensor(s) in devices like buttons, arms etc. that are used to give signals to left/right and operate flashers is evaluated. As data output mechanism (14), devices like monitors, printers, speakers, etc., which display the data/warnings sent out of the mechanism (3), in visual, text or audio formats, are used. As data input mechanism (15), devices like keyboard, optic/magnetic entry reader and microphone are used.

Main control unit (4) functions as the main evaluator in data communication mechanism

(3). Main control unit (4) is the window of data communication mechanism (3) to the world outside, where connection between the mechanism and outer equipment like computers, data collectors, etc. is established and data transferred. Main control unit

(4) generates control signals. There are multiple parallel ports in the main control unit (4), and sensing these ports it generates signals with serial communication logic according to them. These signals, with various codes they contain, flow continuously in the mechanism. Changing ones are ON/OFF codes of channels. When signal reaches the sub-control unit (5), unit (5) compares incoming codes with the ones in its database. Channel opens or closes depending on the result of this comparison. Each channel of every sub-control unit has an opening and closing code. In other words, number of opening/closing codes is two times the channel number. These codes are programmed in each sub-control unit (5) and stored in unit's (5) database.

Central processing unit generates these serial signals whether it receives an input at its parallel ports or not. For example, think of a central processing unit with 16 parallel ports. Let's assume that only one of these ports is active. Now, central processing unit transfers ON code of the active, and OFF codes of the remaining passive 15 channels. Later, when active port is disabled, central processing unit transfers OFF codes of all 16 channels. This data transfer is continuously repeated. This data flow stops when mechanism is set to OFF. These data, continuously flowing, are received by the sub- control unit (5) and compared to data in databases. This process is continuously repeated when mechanism is set to ON. When they meet a code non-existing in databases, sub-control units (5) take no action but close all channels. Sub-control units

(5) take in only the codes they know.

Sub-control unit (5) comprises at least one processing unit-SCU, at least one power module (12), or one more converter(s) (21) to convert software (20) and incoming digital data to analog or vice versa, at least one memory (16), separate input/output(s) (23) for each data line in order to ensure sorted input of control, status and reference information in data line(s) to the mechanism, and at least one digital routing mechanism (13), which provides data flow traffic by sending the incoming control, status and reference information to related parts of mechanism. Sub-control unit (5) is connected to both main control unit (4) and receivers through data cable, air line, etc. When data cable is used, energy cable, with defined polarization as to have enough power to carry the mechanism current, is connected parallel to the data line. Each sub control unit (5) can be connected to more than one receiver. Receivers achieve data communication with the main control unit (4) via sub-control unit (5). Sub-control unit (5) controls power structure of data communication mechanism (3), records incoming

data from the main control unit (4) like commands etc. to database, conveys these data to the target receivers and/or records the incoming data from the receivers to the database and convey them to the main control unit (4). Data flow between the main control unit (4) and sub-control units (5) is carried out on a digital platform, whereas communication between the sub-control unit(s) (5) and receivers (11) is digital or analog. It is possible to program the sub-control unit (5) with the processing unit-SCU (5.1) and power module (12) it contains. With its programmable features, it restricts the current in data lines and function as a fuse. The said programming is performed on computer's serial port with protocols like RS232, IEE488, LIN, CAN, etc. It is also possible to program the sub-control unit (5) by connecting it to a computer outside the mechanism and using special software running on the computer. Sub-control unit (5) can only be programmed when mechanism is closed or there is no ON code received by the unit. Power module defines and assigns separate current values for each data line. Assigned current values are stored in sub-control unit's (5) memory. Data stored in memory have a lifetime of 40 years as determined by the chip manufacturers. Following the programming, each line of sub-control unit acts as a fuse by restricting current depending on the value assigned to it in programming.

There is a status information port in comply with the protocols in sub-control unit (5) like RS232, IEE488, LIN, CAN etc. It is possible to retrieve status information of all sub- control units (5) with a computer connected to mechanism from outside and using special software. Sub-control unit closes the channels in case of overcurrent or receiver leaves the channel. Information about closure is placed in status information as codes. When channel is closed, it does not open even central processing unit-CPU sends the opening code; it is required that channel is reopened by entering the password during programming. Status information is stored in sub-control unit's (5) memory. Thus when required, number of times channel opened/closed can be summarized using the information in memory.

Power modules (12) are remote stations of mechanism that directly command the energy. They exist where data line, extending to the receivers (11), leaves the sub- control unit (5). They are in direct communication with the receivers and carry out data transfer. Power modules (12), which transfer energy in mechanism depending on the commands they receive, transfer certain current, voltage, heat and similar status information on the mechanism they run, to the mechanism, contain load control circuit

(12.2), software and hardware elements that the software will operate. Load control circuit is constituted from at least one driving chip (12.1) and electronic circuit elements. Power module (12) contains MOSFET switching elements disclosed in patent application no. WO 2004005078. Mentioned electronic switch can operate with direct current and be easily installed and removed, in place of electromagnetic relays, without any need for repair in land and naval vehicles. In land and naval vehicles, it is possible to install and remove the modular electronic switching system (placed as slots), comprised of a plastic cover, aluminum block, MOSFET, press circuit card, cover, ignitions and driver circuit, to and from ignition slots of formerly used electromagnetic relays at bottom of the base where power circuits are placed parallel to each other. In the mentioned electronic switch, current given to the driver circuit from direct current source operates the power circuit with load via semiconductor switch element, MOSFET, and power circuit is covered with aluminum block in order to reduce the heat. To prevent the very low internal resistance and capacity of MOSFET in the electronic switching circuit from impeding and stopping MOSFET's operation, semiconductor's saturation is hindered using logic change pump, and a more stable MOSFET operation achieved. In configuration of energy opening/closing (PID) Proportional Integrated Derivative rates, power module (12), efficient in communication with main control unit, keeps the circuit in its front under protection with its fuse function. Furthermore, power module (12) is programmed to perform the current adjustment and paralleled to carry out the power increase controlling function. Power module (12), which is faster, has a more developed recognition, lower internal resistance and less thermal disposals in comparison to standard relays, allows flow of stronger currents and voltages when paralleled and increased in number, within certain conditions. These modules have a much longer lifetime when compared to mechanic modules. Their structures are at utmost reliability. They also do not have any arc problems for their opening/closing time being at micro second level. They have less voltage sags for having less internal resistance. They can be used safely in explosive and chemical environments. They have no mechanic noises and can monitor the current flowing over, with the mechanism in their internal structure. Therefore, it becomes easy to take status information.

Converter (21) that enables analog and digital conversions of data received from the power module (12) has a chip's structure. Converter (21) bridges hardware and software, enabling communication with processing unit-SCU (5.1). Converter (21)

transfers the commands of processing unit-SCU (5.1) to power module (12) and data it receives from the power module (12) to processing unit-SCU (5.1).

According to communication protocol available in the mechanism, operating system commands are transferred to the processing unit-SCU (5.1) or information on processing unit-SCU (5.1) are conveyed to the central processing unit (10) via software converter (22). Although data communication is carried out between processing unit- SCU (5.1) and power module (12) under normal circumstances, there can be communication between central processing unit (10) and power module (12) in order to reduce data traffic density under exceptional conditions.

Speed of input/output used in power module (12), baud speed values and distribution of these values according to available protocol provide a significant increase in mechanism speed. Immediate conveyance of data when received, recording of conveyed data to memory, transfer of recorded data to receiver (11) and to feedback central processing unit (10) raise efficiency, speed and reliability of the mechanism. Speed of processes and registry structure (29) in memory (16) increase the performance of mechanism (1).

Inputs/outputs to/from memory is conducted according to priorities set in registry (29) structure. For an active use of cache memory, data is processed according to "first to come, first to go" priority in case of multiple data arrives to memory. Data arriving to memory are entered into the database, while rest of the incoming data is queued. Queued data are processed according to their priority. Structure accumulation in memories is generally assigned with partial codes separated by its use in protocols like RS232 (even add party code).

Assigned codes are solved with axes code solution technique. These codes are defined with special software. Resolutions in software and their interactions set the base for a sub-CPU logic with the sub-protocols they make with central processing unit (10) from inside the database in mechanism. Layer plates are created in the structure chain on assigned base mechanism. There is also a conversation language between created layers. This language arranges internal relationships of central processing unit (10). In structure at given order, central processing unit's (10) use of energy enables it to sleep its unnecessary ports, make required arteries and data paths online when

needed. Regular operation of this traffic makes mechanism operate in harmony without any delays. Decrease in mentioned data traffic density is achieved by sharing the workload on central processing unit (10) among processing units (5.1). This way, main control unit (4) does not skip the sub-control unit (5) and establish direct communication with the receiver. Central processing unit (10) performs the control process over the processing unit (5.1), but never directly controls the power module (12). Such control occurs only at unsolvable moments of processing unit (5.1).

Digital routing mechanism (13) contains electronic circuit elements like chips. Incoming control, status and reference information from data line(s) pass through separate input- output (23) for each line and transmitted to control units. They are sent to related receiver etc. unit when separated into partial codes separated in digital routing mechanism (13).

In data communication mechanism (3), failure/error status in mechanism and/or receiver is queried continuously with commands sent by main control unit (4). Data flowing inside data communication mechanism (3) is stored as to create a database in memories (16) on main control unit (4) and sub control units (5). Stored data is used by main control unit (4) in processes like receiver queries, maintenance and repairs. According to the requirement like a query, requested information is accessed from databases in memories on control units. Query of main control unit (4) and response from sub-control unit (5) / receiver (11) is delivered to the user in text, audio, figure/shape etc. formats via devices in data output mechanism (14). Depending on the previous information in the database, a proportional evaluation can be made for the query sent by the main control unit (4) and results of this query is exported with data output mechanism (14). In a preferred embodiment of the invention, there is an indicator (19) in data output mechanism (14). This indicator (19) is a microprocessor, which is digitalized, capable of sorting and querying status information, when compared to analog indicators. Indicator (19) has a digital display unit inside, retrieves all status information like; revolution, heat, working hours, revolution position status, fuel status, oil pressure, position of alternator, accumulator, parking-signal-four-way flashers combination, glow plug and starter information as data, evaluates and transfers them to its superior central processing unit (10), thus, data is mutually evaluated. Data incoming to and outgoing from the indicator is transmitted to data line passing through the indicator control unit (27).

Main control unit (4) runs the mechanism (1) with current, voltage addressing and communication coding information in data communication mechanism (3). Mechanism transfers the commands it receives to sub-control unit(s) (5) at its front, over the data line. Usage of data line in communication is the most significant element that differentiates the mechanism from known systems. Data line and use of database in memory helps to form service guarantee against faults caused by status information and breakdowns in the mechanism. Furthermore, it controls data unique to vehicle, used in self-control test within in-service surveys, and gives analyses related to this control.

There is a permanent code flow in mechanism traffic. Codes gather, forming divisions, and flow in system within a cover, within boundaries.

Use of these codes in the system is controlled with 'watchdog' mechanism, which controls the boundaries of code parts via 'data train'; shape of code parts in a cover. Position of controlled data is verified by the control loop where flow of data forms in central processing unit (10) is controlled within a certain time interval. In mechanism, as in a communication protocol, relationships of determined status information on layers and floors are continuously controlled, process related to that operation is completed after each data passing the control is examined and verified, and moved to the next phase. Every phase passed is added to the database in memory.

An interruption in data flow contains a failure code of mechanism or information for interruption mechanism. If data, which is supposed to be in mechanism, is not there, system, according to the rules, functions disorderly. For failing to respond commands in database, mechanism is intervened with interruption information, and data flow prohibited. If there is already a ,,stop" command in mechanism, second ,,stop" command received by the mechanism is ignored to let the first one perform its task. This situation is considered as an emergency, and displayed in indicator (19) as a warning. For example, if open-close signal of a closed lamp continuously flows in the system database, it is ignored for system is not open, however it is shown in indicator (19) as an emergency.

Blocking of information active in the system structure in any way shows system

interruption. An example to system interruption is the failure of sending 'turn on' information to lamp in error or blocking of this information while the lamp is already on.

Energy distribution mechanism (2), cables and similar electricity carriers (8) have the structure of a tree, extending from root to branches and spreading. In preferred application of the invention, carrier section starts thicker at the generator and thins towards the receivers. In this structure, the energy received from mechanism accumulator or feeding floor is conveyed to the related processing unit-SCU and power module over the energy line, in proportion with its thickness.

Energy distribution mechanism (2) performs the task of regular transfer of mechanism energy. Data line carries out data communication between main control unit and sub- control units. In defined protocol, it transfers sub-control units the necessary commands and conveys all information it receives from them to main control unit. Therefore, there is a dense data traffic on data lines. Central processing unit (10) regulates and controls data flow traffic in mechanism (1).

In embodiments using cables in data lines, mechanism uses cables suitable for analog and digital data transfer. Analog data usually contains on/off information of mechanic switches, circuit breakers and rheostats used owing to mechanism's conventional structure. These information generally belong to switches, circuit breakers and rheostats close to processing unit-SCU (5.1) points. When switch, circuit breaker or rheostat structure of mechanism is digital, there is no need for an analog digital converter (21) in mechanism. Information of these units is digitally transferred to the mechanism. If switch, circuit breaker or rheostat structure of the mechanism is analog, transferred information is converted to digital by processing unit-SCU input interfaces. Following the conversion of transferred data to digital, it achieves software compatibility with the other digital line in mechanism, and arrives to Central processing unit (10) over data line. Received information is then examined in software (20) in mechanism; needed address data is compared, written in memory in a suitable form and opened in a suitable form. This process forms the base of database. Carriers in this base are data cables, and they are grouped in two as analog and digital. On digital cables, operating system data of mechanism flow, whereas on analog cables, analog information of switches, circuit breakers and rheostats in mechanism are conveyed.

Inside the software used in data transmission mechanism (1), subject matter of invention, there is data traffic in a communication protocol of DOB (Dynamic Online Buffer) in essence. Main control unit performs query by sending certain commands to mechanism periodically. Responses received in return of this query are assigned to DOB after code assignment and control codes retrieved from database are sent according to their priority.

Data corresponding to data flowing during traffic roams actively in mechanism. Data is sent into mechanism by main control unit (4). Data in data communication mechanism (3) that is by main control unit (4) is received by sub-control units (5). For every sub- control unit has codes of receivers of which it is responsible defined, receiver code in incoming data is processed by the processing unit-SCU (5.1) and power module (12) of sub-control unit in which it is defined, and ignored by rest of the sub-control units. Central processing unit-CPU is not acknowledged about sending of data to receiver after this process. Communication is performed with Central processing unit-CPU when processing unit-SCU (5.1) fails to find a solution. This way, data traffic on main data line is reduced.

Having a basically Central processing unit-CPU, an I/O output connected to it, an I/O input at the end of this output and a power module attached, enables use of mechanism with different versions according to software and communication protocol.

Principle here is the change in microprocessor memory, from static to dynamic. Thus, active speed of mechanism is increased and usage capacity is expanded. Data are given to data line(s) (bus), processed and can be readdressed. This situation increases the processing speed.

Control of mechanism by service is simplified with diagnostics codes added to mechanism software. Tests for mechanism's light controls, indicator control pro-voice etc. self-tests can be made and failure detection procedure in mechanism is simplified.

It is possible to install software in mechanism to a suitable computer and monitor mechanism online.

In data flow process in mechanism, every phase of data flow into database during its passages from main and sub control units is recorded in memories containing

electronic elements like chips, integrated circuits, etc. In this record, traffic of communication operating information inside the mechanism is arranged and units performing the arrangement in chip can be pic, flash back, memory or dsp. Arranged information are transferred to power circuits from chip parts that convert ended software to hardware.

Transferred hardware information is converted to hardware environment with structural changes in mechanism by chips examining the hardware result transformations. In these processes, analog and digital converters (21) are used. Converters are doors between software and hardware. Conversions from software to hardware or vice versa can be performed. Softwares in system function as system bridges. Commands are transmitted to related areas in system by softwares.

For example, work of mechanism (1) as a receiver in vehicle in order to determine fuel amount in fuel tank is explained. Energy distribution mechanism (2) transfers electric energy from electric generator (7) in vehicle to sensor (18) via a carrier (8) like cable etc. in order to make sensor (18) that indicates fuel amount in fuel tank work. Fuel amount in tank is determined via sensor (18) and transmitted to sub-control unit (5) over the data line. Information received by the sub-control unit is recorded in database and transmitted to main control unit (4) through data line. Information received by main control unit is recorded in database, fuel amount data is transferred to user via a device like indicator (19) in data output mechanism (14).

In example for stop and rear lights operation, information sent from brake as driver of vehicle steps on it, reaches sub-control units using the data line. Inside the transferred data, there are receiver (11) code, status information and/or code. Receiver code in incoming data to sub-control unit is processed only by the sub-control unit in which it is defined, and ignored by rest of the sub-control units. Sub-control unit, responsible for the receiver (brake), records the information it has processed to database in memory. Information received by sub-control unit is evaluated by processing unit-SCU (5.1) and

"turn on stop lights" command is created as brake is stepped on. Information containing the receiver code of stop lamps and "turn on lamp" command code is transmitted to data line and status is recorded into database. Data line delivers this command to all sub-control units. Only sub-control units with defined code of stop lamp sense and process the command. Processed command is transmitted to related stop lamp by sub-

control units as required and lamp turns on. Lamp's turning on, receiver code and status information code are recorded into database.

If a problem occurs in lamp and it does not turn on, data containing lamp's receiver code and status information is transmitted to data line. Data line delivers this data to all sub-control units. Receiver code in incoming data is processed only by the sub-control units in which it is defined, and ignored by rest of the sub-control units. Sub-control unit records the information it has processed to database in memory. Sub-control units transmit incoming data to main control unit through the data line. Information received by main control unit is evaluated in central processing unit. Main control unit records the information it has processed and resulting command of evaluation to database.

As another example of mechanism's (1) operation, working of stop lamp is explained. Stop lamp in vehicles generally works with two filaments. Combined filament structure here is use of two lamps with two different powers in a single cover. Low power filament in lamp is used to light park signals or rear sight system. When stepped on brakes, 20-watt lamp is activated and transfers the warning effect of system to driver at the back. During these ¹ processes, as lamps have cold filaments, they create demurrage current in mechanism when energy is given to mechanism, and flow of current more than the ignition structure they are driven. This effect causes filament structures to destruct in short time or ignitions failure. Furthermore, park lamps, continuously operating in high power, cause plastic covers of lamps to melt and fail, for they operate as a heat source in system. Modulation cells of PWM unit (25) eliminate this effect in system. PWM unit controls current and voltage receiver receives and increases/decreases as requested according to time. Pulse Width Modulation is integrated into structure memory cells using a software. Within PWM rules framework, PWM is directed by setting memory cells to on-off, considering the requested property- receiver status. In this case, a single lamp with a single filament is used. With the effect of PWM, mechanism uses 25% of main power in lighting the park lamp. When mechanism receives the brake command, it operates with full power and same lamp shines brighter. In these processes, filaments are exposed to pre-heating event when park lights are lighted and not exposed to demurrage current. Two functions are performed at once with a single filament in system. In this manner, saving is achieved by using a single line for one lamp, instead of a double line for two lamps.

Motor heat is constantly controlled online using a sensor (18) integrated into mechanism. Information about motor heat received from the sensor is transferred to sub-control unit (5). For example, in a diesel vehicle, first fuel incoming to motor is heated in glow sparks for evaporation, and then starter is activated for motor to start its operation. Otherwise, it is impossible to explode non-pulverized fuel. To restart a motor with heat over normal values right after it is stopped, glow sparks do not need to be reheated as in cold environments. In this case, heating is dangerous for both the sparks and motor. To adjust heating sparks according to motor heat, it is required to shorten time or adjust voltage and current of application. These pre-information can be obtained by measuring the motor and exterior heat information. This task is carried out by heat control unit. Efficiency of current and voltage to be applied is created by PWM (25) in mechanism.

In an application of the invention, recognition of receivers added to the mechanism is provided by fixing the load control circuit (12.2) to power module. In this case control relating to information like current, voltage, etc. of receivers is performed by load control circuit (12.2) in the power module, not by digital routing mechanism (13), main control unit (4) and sub control unit (5). When a receiver (11) is fixed to the mechanism, receiver is faced with the load management of mechanism, current, voltage values sensed by sensing circuit of power module (12) are compared with current, voltage values coming from inlet circuit; in case the difference between these values are in a certain limit and in conformity with each other, receiver will be in operation. During this process load control circuit recognizes the receiver and forms a reference in driving chip (12.1) concerning to receiver information. If a negativity is determined in compared current, voltage values, yϋk kontrol birimi (12.2) will interrupt the communication between receiver and mechanism. In this case receiver code and data comprising information of situation are transmitted to sub-control unit by data line. Sub-control units are transmitted the incoming data to main control unit by data line. The incoming data to main control unit is evaluated in central processing unit. Main control unit records the processed data and command formed after evaluation in data base. After sending "reset" information by main control unit, receiver connection is again provided, current, voltage values coming from power module (12) is compared with current, voltage values coming from inlet circuit and in conclusion if concinnity is ensured, receiver will start to operate, otherwise receiver datas will re-sent to sub/main control units for evaluation.

In this application, driving circuit of power transistors is taken from digital routing mechanism (13) to power module. During receiver recognition and evaluation processes, main central processing unit - CPU (10) and processing unit - SCU (5.1) are not occupied; these evaluations are carried out by driving chip(s) (12.1). Receiver's data is recorded to related spaces in the chip (12.1) and load control circuit (12.2) forms a reference to itself by recognizing load. Problematic situations are transmitted to main/sub control units in accordance with the purpose of development of mechanism. Thus, important increase is ensured at the transmission speed of the mechanism (3). Since work load at the central processing unit - CPU (10) and processing unit - SCU (5.1) is decreased, there is no delay in response commands to the warnings taken.

Also the data transmission mechanism gains flexibility, since the receiver control by digital routing mechanism (13) is not performed centrally. Receivers can be mounted to different power modules with no need to coding in the digital routing mechanism and saving these codes. Thus extra memory is not occupied and a dynamic structure is provided by saving from software and memory.

Parts in vehicles are replaced with another part in case of their failure. New part installed in this replacement not always contains the preferred properties for vehicle. Therefore, data communication mechanism contains the recognition mechanism (17) to recognize the part installed and control whether these parts are original and have the CRC code recommended by their manufacturer. Recognition mechanism (17) contains software and the hardware elements to be run by software. Data determined by the recognition mechanism (17) is transferred to main control unit (4) via sub-control unit (5) in data communication mechanism (3), and related receiver's (11) operation is blocked when a part without requested properties is used. For example, a park lamp failed or lost its activity in an accident, transfers the short circuit or failure in its status to sub-control unit and from there, to main control unit (4). Status information are recorded in databases in sub and main control units, failure in lamp is shown on indicator. Main control unit sends a command with "stop" information to sub-control unit (5) where failed lamp is defined. Sub-control unit (5) sends this command to receiver. This command sets CRC code in receiver/mechanism to "off" and stops it; in other words, lamp stops working. Recognition mechanism (17) also blocks lamp's operation when vehicle owner replaces the failed lamp with a lamp bought from a

regular store or unauthorized persons. In this case, vehicle needs to maintained- controlled in legal services. To put the lamp back in function, authorized service, following their tests, decides that the mechanism fulfills the condition of conformity, enters mechanism using the database, removes the protection code (CRC) in mechanism or receiver with password and reactivates the receiver. This procedure ensures a healthy post-sale control for vehicles and prevents flow of income, to be earned by services, to unauthorized institutions.

Also, for data collection in the mechanism with active timing (28) integrated to main control unit (4), writing necessity to flash memory with "put in order" function is eliminated; instead of it by using time slot, collection of these data in the memory of mechanism is faciliated. Furthermore, functions like time, date, chronometer, etc. which are active in the mechanism can be used by this chip and timing warning can be given. All information relating to km or time periods of vehicle can be obtained over active timing (28) by easy methods be added to the mechanism. It provides arrangement of service information in the mechanism, entering of personal settings by the user and speciality as a personnel agenda. For example, it includes processing of user's birth date, time of service appointments and moreover functions like personal note book.

Data transmission mechanism (1) (VAN vehicle analyzing network), subject matter of invention, can communicate online with any computer with same software installed, using a special software, even during communication with elements in the mechanism. Data flow security is provided by having many digits in system codes and possibility to increase this number at will. For system operation security, unauthorized use of vehicle ignition key is blocked by placing a special coding (immobilizer) containing CRC or a digital combination to a division at data input mechanism (15) system in main control unit. Data flow security is also strengthened with axes information, which enables codes to be solved and converted into applicable commands at unit that receive data. Menus for system service or users are created with software where level control is made. Limits of user or service intervention are defined. During the communication inside mechanism, software enables functions like query of mechanism by main control unit and creation of necessary commands according to results of this query. Software has a structure compatible with changes. Such a structure keeps mechanism dynamic and allows updating its operation. For example, by default, flasher in mechanism is programmed to flash every 1.5 seconds, which is still a worldwide standard. Later,

when it is decided to transform this device into a flasher system with a different flashing system in a security version, system can be easily and practically adapted into new system (e.g. 4 times/sec) by activating new versions of sub components. New version is sent with a computer and integrated to mechanism over database. This way, flashing frequency can be changed using the software only, without any mechanical operation. Moreover, it is possible define month-year versions of mechanism in software environment by making certain flow diagrams in database passive or active. This operation gives mechanism a separate dynamism. By its modular structure, it is possible to expand the mechanism and easily use it with different versions.

Operation of the data transmission mechanism subjected to the present invention compatible with CAN (Controller Area Network) which is used in known applications, highly expands the usage area of it. Connection of data communication mechanism (3) with a protocol, i.e. CAN, etc., is performed by an interface (30) on the data line (24). Standard CAN, etc. protocol is integrated to the mechanism by interface (30) and programme algorithm providing the reciprocal connectivity with other communication systems in the mechanism. By this way the operation of data transmission mechanism (1) in vehicles with CAN mechanism can be properly provided.

It is also possible to transfer data in different formats like Bluetooth, mp3, etc. from different platforms in data communication mechanism.

Mutual and direct data transfer between receivers and sub-control units, instead of main control unit, reduces amount of electric cables in mechanism and complexity in command.

Possibility of making changes in mechanism using only the software and without any mechanical operation helps saving time and money.