Technical Field

This invention relates to a decomposer that provides thermochemical decomposition of organic materials by thermal cracking at high temperature and in an oxygen-free environment .

Prior Art

Consisting of the Greek words "pyro" meaning heat and " lyse" meaning to dis integrate , pyrolysis is the name for the thermochemical proces s in which organic materials undergo thermal cracking at high temperature and in an oxygen-free environment . At the end of the proces s , the fixed carbon and volatile in the organic materials are separated . With the subsequent condensation of the volatile , two dif ferent fuels are obtained in liquid and gaseous form . Pyrolysis is roughly the conversion of large molecule s into smaller gaseous , liquid and solid molecules .

The volatile fixed carbon ratio is constant in each substance , however, how much liquid fuel and how much gaseous fuel will be obtained from the volatile obtained can be adjusted by operating conditions such as temperature , pres sure , residence time in the reactor . The system works with the principle of zero waste , due to the use of solid product ( rich in carbon ) , the amount and purpose of which varies depending on the raw material used . With the pyrolysi s system, many wastes such as tires , agricultural wastes , paper industry wastes , forest wastes and plastic wastes can be converted . In addition, Pyrolytic Oil , Carbon Black and Pyrolytic Gas are produced with the Pyrolysis system .

Pyrolysis systems used today are reactors and said reactors work in oxygen-free environment s . Spiral type impermeable reactors are placed inside the combustion chamber that is heated by open flame and has an average operating temperature of 800 ° C . The reactor is double-decker in order to overcome the production dif ficulties due to it s length and to make it easier to produce by dividing the distance into two . In addition, pos sible sags are minimized in this way . Reactors generally consi st of a cylindrical body and a spiral positioned inside this body . The aforementioned spiral rotates around it s own axis and moves the wastes in the body in a certain period of time , and with the ef fect of the heat applied to the body through the combustion chamber, chemical waste decomposition occurs in the body . Since the working temperature of the spirals is not the same as the reactor body, and the materials from which the spirals are made are not the same as the reactor body, expansion (thermal elongation ) dif ferences occur between the reactor body and the spirals at high temperatures . (Each material has dif ferent expansion coef ficient s depending on it s structure . ) Thermal stres s may occur due to the application of the heat created in the combustion chamber to the rector body and the spiral and subsequently due to the expansion of rigidly connected reactor body and spiral in dif ferent sizes , and therefore deformation or distortion may occur on the reactor body and the spiral . Since this will happen at every combustion stage , the reactor body and/or spiral become unusable after a while , and the reactor body or spirals must be replaced in order for the system to be operated actively . Due to this technical problem, serious cost s are incurred . In the state of the art , the international application document numbered W0202208 9704 describes a method and a pyrolysis plant comprising a reactor for producing pyrolysis gas from biomas s . The reactor comprises one or more thermally coupled reaction channels with at least one heating circuit configured to heat the reaction channels to a temperature high enough to gasify the biomas s . The reactor comprises a feed section configured to feed the biomas s into the reaction channels . The pyrolysis plant comprises a gas accelerator configured to recirculate the gas in at least one reaction channel and to provide a gas flow rate capable of dispersing the biomas s . However, there is no information about the deformation that may occur in case of different expansion of the reactor bodies or spirals in the invention sub j ect to application due to dif ferent expansion parameters .

In the state of the art , the pyrolysis system mentioned in the European Patent document numbered EP 3487958B1 comprises a first pyrolysis reactor having a feed end with a solid fuel inlet and a discharge end with a solids removal outlet and a second pyrolysis reactor having a feed end with a solid fuel inlet and a discharge end with a solids removal outlet . The first and second reactors are arranged with the solid fuel inlet of the second reactor communicating with the solids removal outlet of the first reactor to trans fer the proces sed solid fuel from the first reactor to the second reactor . The reactors may be arranged horizontally with the discharge end of the first reactor arranged above the feed end of the second reactor . One or more pyrolysis gas removal outlet s may be provided in each pyrolysis reactor . A proces s for pyrolyzing solid fuel is also provided . Solid fuel can be rubber part s made from used tires . However, there is no information about the deformation that may occur in case of dif ferent expansion of the reactor bodies or spirals in the invention sub j ect to application due to dif ferent expansion parameters . In the state of the art , a pyrolysis system and usage method mentioned in the US2022034505A1 United States patent application document can proces s the feedstock continuously . The pyrolysis system has closed pyrolysis tubes that are heated by a heating medium to pyrolysis the raw material . Conveying mechanisms , such as spirals , transport the raw material through the pyrolysis tubes . The pyrolysis tubes can be heated to a desired temperature range using a heat exchanger such as a molten metal bath, or they can be heated inductively using induction coil s wrapped around the pyrolysis tubes . The raw material is physically separated from the external environment by closed pyrolysis tube s . A dynamic feedstock plug is formed upstream of the pyrolysis tubes to prevent air and moisture from entering through the inlet of the pyrolysis tubes . An outlet section connected to the outlet s of the pyrolysis tubes separates the gaseous and solid product s of the pyrolysis , preventing the ent ry of air and moisture into the system, while ensuring the removal of the product s . However, there is no information about the deformation that may occur in case of different expansion of the reactor bodies or spirals in the invention sub j ect to application due to dif ferent expansion parameters .

The Object of the Invention

The ob j ect of the present invention is to provide a decomposer adapted in such a way that there is no stres s due to expansion coeeficient dif ferences in the reactor body when the reactor body expands or goes back to it s normal state .

Another ob j ect of the present invention is to provide a decomposer adapted in such a way that there is no stres s due to expansion coeeficient dif ferences in the spiral when the spiral expands or goes back to it s normal state . Another ob j ect of the present invention is to provide a decomposer adapted to allow the reactor body to move relatively freely with respect to the combustion chamber .

Another ob j ect of the present invention is to provide a decomposer adapted to allow the spiral to move relatively freely with respect to the reactor body .

Brief Description of the Invention

In order to achieve the purpose of the present invention and as defined in the first claim and the other dependent claims , the decomposer comprises a combustion chamber, one or more reactors and a first freemovement mechanism adapted to provide the free movement of the reactor body in the reactor ; and a second free movement mechanism to provide the free movement of the spiral structure in the reactor body .

Brief Description of the Invention

The decomposer provided to achieve the purpose of the present invention is illustrated in the attached figures , which are ;

Figure 1 . is the perspective view of the decomposer .

Figure 2 . is the perspective view of the combustion chamber .

Figure 3 . The enlarged view of region A in Figure 2 .

Figure 4 . is the perspective view of two reactors .

Figure 5 . is the perspective view of the guiding unit .

Figure 6. is the perspective view of the second free movement mechanism .

The part s in the figures are numbered one by one and the equivalent s of these numbers are given below . 1. Decomposer

2. Combustion chamber

2.1. Cavity

3. Reactor

3.1. reactor body

3.1.1. feeding port

3.1.2. outlet port

3.2. guiding unit

3.2.1. driving mechanism

3.2.2. spiral structure

4. First free movement mechanism

4.1. F irst fixed structure

4.2. rotating element

5. Second free movement mechanism

5.1. Second fixed structure

5.2. Tray

5.3. Linear rail

A chemical decomposer (1) , that provides thermochemical decomposition of organic substances by thermal cracking at high temperature and in an oxygen-free environment, in its most basic form, comprises;

— at least one combustion chamber (2) , that is adapted so that its interior can reach high temperatures,

— located inside the combustion chamber (2) ; • at least one reactor body (3.1) , which is in cylindrical geometric form and in which the thermochemically decomposed wastes are pyrolyzed,

• at least one reactor (3) , comprising at least one guiding unit (3.2) which is placed inside the reactor body (3.1) and provides time-dependent movement of the wastes in the reactor body (3.1) along the reactor body (3.1) ,

— at least one first free movement mechanism (4) , which is rigidly connected to the combustion chamber and enables the reactor body (3.1) to move relatively and freely with respect to the combustion chamber (2) without creating any stress in the reactor body (3.1) , when the reactor body (3.1) is subjected to thermal elongation due to the heat generated in the combustion chamber (2) ,

— at least one second free movement mechanism (5) , which is rigidly connected to the reactor body (3.1) and enables the guiding unit (3.2) to move relatively and freely with respect to the reactor body (3.1) without any stress in the guiding unit (3.2) , when the guiding unit (3.2) is subjected to thermal elongation due to the heat generated in the combustion chamber (2) .

In an embodiment of the invention, the decomposer (1) has at least one combustion chamber (2) . Said combustion chamber (2) converts the fuel into heat energy and high temperature is created in its interior. In this embodiment of the invention, the combustion chamber (2) can preferably be increased up to around 950°C. In the combustion chamber (2) of this embodiment of the invention, there are more than one cavity (2.1) , and reactors (3) are placed in these cavities (2.1) . Thus, the heat created in the combustion chamber (2) can be applied directly to the reactors (3) and the wastes inside the reactors (3) are decomposed in this way. The reactor (3) of this embodiment of the invention preferably consists of a reactor body (3.1) and a guiding unit (3.2) . Said reactor body

(3.1) is preferably in a cylindrical geometric form and can be in different forms. At one end of the reactor body (3.1) , there is a feeding port (3.1.1) for the wastes to be taken into the reactor body (3.1) and at its other end, there is an outlet port (3.1.2) for the removal of the wastes directed into the reactor body (3.1) from the feeding port (3.1.1) to the outside of the reactor body (3.1) after completion of their treatment. The reactor body (3.1) of this embodiment of the invention is preferably made of a heat-resistant metal material and has an expansion parameter. In the reactor (3) , there is another guiding unit (3.2) other than the reactor body (3.1) . The guiding unit (3.2) is positioned inside the reactor body (3.1) in such a way that the reactor body (3.1) is placed along the central axis, preferably from one end to the other. There is at least one driving mechanism (3.2.1) and at least one spiral structure (3.2.2) in the guiding unit

(3.2) included in this embodiment of the invention. This spiral structure (3.2.2) is positioned inside the reactor body

(3.1) and ensures that the wastes are moved from the feeding port (3.1.1) to the outlet port (3.1.2) when it is rotated in one direction around the central axis in the reactor body

(3.1) . The rotation speed of the spiral structure (3.2.2) around the central axis may vary according to the characteristics of the wastes, in other words, according to how long the wastes stay in the reactor body (3.1) is preferred. The rotation of the spiral structure (3.2.2) around its central axis is provided by the driving mechanism (3.2.1) . In case the driving mechanism (3.2.1) is activated, the spiral structure (3.2.2) can be rotated around its central axis at preferred speeds.

In an embodiment of the invention, the decomposer (1) preferably has at least one first free movement mechanism (4) fixed to the combustion chamber (2) . Said first free movement mechanism (4) is adapted to allow the reactor body (3.1) to extend freely without creating any stress in cases where the reactor body (3.1) is subjected to thermal expansion. A first free movement mechanism (4) is placed on at least one side of the reactor body (3.1) so that the thermal expansion that occurs in the reactor body (3.1) does not cause distortion when the combustion chamber rises to 900°C. Said first free movement mechanism (4) preferably consists of a first fixed structure (4.1) and a rotating element (4.2) . The first fixed structure (4.1) is rigidly mounted in the combustion chamber (2) and the rotating element (4.2) is positioned so that it can be rotated about the central axis of the first fixed structure (4.1) and is also positioned at the bottom of the reactor body (3.1) to support at least one side of the reactor body (3.1) . When the reactor body (3.1) is subjected to thermal expansion, the length of the reactor body (3.1) gets longer and in this case, the rotating element (4.2) extends freely on it and is not subjected to any stress or distortion.

In an embodiment of the invention, the decomposer (1) preferably has at least one second free movement mechanism (5) fixed to the reactor body (3.1) . The second free movement mechanism (5) is positioned on at least one side of the spiral structure (3.2.2) , so that the elongation that will occur when the spiral structure (3.2.2) inside the reactor body (3.1) is subjected to thermal expansion is carried out without damaging the spiral structure (3.2.2) . In the second free movement mechanism (5) , there is at least one second fixed structure (5.1) rigidly connected to the reactor body (3.1) . In addition, there is a tray (5.2) rigidly connected to the spiral structure (3.2.2) . Between the second fixed structure (5.1) and the tray (5.2) , there is at least one linear rail (5.3) formed to provide movement. Said linear rails (5.3) are positioned between the second fixed structure (5.1) and the tray (5.2) . In this way, when the spiral structure (3.2.2) elongates with a different parameter of thermal elongation relative to the reactor body (3.1) due to the heat generated in the combustion chamber (2) , the spiral structure (3.2.2) can move freely within the reactor body (3.1) .

The operation of the first free movement mechanism (4) and the second free movement mechanism (5) located in the decomposer (1) is carried out as follows. During the thermochemical decomposition of organic materials in the reactor (3) located in the combustion chamber (2) , the combustion chamber (2) is raised to an average of 800°C. In this case, the reactor body

(3.1) and the spiral structure (3.2.2) located in the combustion chamber (2) are subjected to different thermal elongations. In this case, the reactor body (3.1) can easily be extended by means of the first free movement mechanism (4) . The reactor body (3.1) can easily move on the rotating elements (4.2) in the first free movement mechanism (4) and thus can easily extend without any stress. Since the spiral structure (3.2.2) is inside the reactor body (3.1) and has a different thermal elongation parameter compared to the reactor body (3.1) , it extends in different sizes compared to the reactor body (3.1) . The elongation of the spiral structure (3.2.2) with respect to the reactor body (3.1) at different rates is carried out by the second free movement mechanism (5) . The linear rails (5.3) in the second free movement mechanism (5) allow the spiral structure (3.2.2) to move relative to the reactor body (3.1) . In other words, due to the heat generated in the combustion chamber (2) , the reactor body

(3.1) and the spiral structure (3.2.2) inside the reactor body

(3.1) can achieve different elongations without being subjected to any stress, through the first free movement mechanism (4) and the second free movement mechanism (5) .