BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Potassium channels play an important role in the physiological and pharmacological control of cellular membrane potential. Amongst the different types of potassium channels are the ATP-sensitive (KATP-) channels which are regulated by changes in the intracellular con- centration of adenosine triphosphate. The KATp-channels have been found in cells from various tissues such as cardiac cells, pancreatic cells, skeletal muscles, smooth muscles, central neurones and adenohypophysis cells. The channels have been associated with diverse cellular functions, as for example hormone secretion (insulin from pancreatic beta- cells, growth hormone and prolactin from adenohypophysis cells), vasodilation (in smooth muscle cells), cardiac action potential duration and neurotransmitter release in the central nervous system.

Modulators of the KATp-channels have been found to be of importance for the treatment of various diseases. Certain sulfonylureas which have been used for the treatment of non- insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus act by stimulating insulin release through an inhibition of the KATP -channels on pancreatic beta-cells.

The potassium channel openers, which comprise a heterogeneous group of compounds, have been found to be able to relax vascular smooth muscles and have therefore been used for the treatment of hypertension.

In addition, potassium channel openers can be used as bronchodilators in the treatment of asthma and various other diseases.

Furthermore, potassium channel openers have been shown to promote hair growth, and have been used for the treatment of baldness.

Potassium channel openers are also able to relax urinary bladder smooth muscle and can therefore be used for the treatment of urinary incontinence. Potassium channel openers which relax smooth muscle of the uterus can be used for treatment of premature labour.

Since some KATp-openers are able to antagonize vasospasms in basilar or cerebral arteries the compounds of the present invention can be used for the treatment of vasospastic disorders such as subarachnoid haemorrhage and migraine.

Potassium channel openers hyperpoiarize neurons and inhibit neurotransmitter release, and therefore the present compounds may be useful for the treatment of various diseases of the central nervous system, e.g. epilepsia, ischemia and neurodegenerative diseases, and for the treatment of pain.

Recently it has been shown that diazoxide (7-chloro-3-methyl-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1- dioxide) and certain 3-(alkylamino)-4H-pyrido[4,3-e]-1 2,4-thiadiazine 1,1-dioxide derivatives inhibit insulin release by an activation of KATp-channels on pancreatic beta-cells (Pirotte B. et al., Biochem. Pharmacol. 1994, 47,1381-1386; Pirotte B. et al., J. Med. Chem. 1993, 36, 3211-3213. Diazoxide has furthermore been shown to delay the onset of diabetes in BB-rats (Vlahos W.D. et al., Metabolism 1991, 40, 39-46. In obese Zucker rats diazoxide has been shown to decrease insulin secretion and increase insulin receptor binding and consequently improve glucose tolerance and decrease weight gain (Alemzadeh R. et al., Endocrinol. 1993, 133, 705-712). It is expected that such potassium channel openers can be used for treatment of diseases characterized by an overproduction of insulin and for the treatment and prevention of diabetes.

Derivatives of 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)aniline, 3,5-dichloroaniline, 2,5- bis (trifluoromethyl) aniline and other, similarly substituted anilines have been previously

claimed as crop protecting agents, antibacterials, anti-snails and for other uses, but not as potassium channel openers: FR 1507886, Chem. Abstr., 70, 19821k, 1969; Agfa A.G., DE 1116534, 1961, Chem. Abstr., EN, 56, 10329h, 1962; Ciba-Geigy AG, Basel (Schweiz), DE 2617163, 1976, Chem. Abstr., EN, 86, 55279; Hoechst, DE 2546271, 1977, Chem. Abstr., EN, 87, 64057; Dow Chemical Co., US 3755505, 1970, Chem. Abstr., EN, 79,104972; Ciba, NL 6516437, 1966, Chem.

Abstr., EN, 66, 2329j, 1967; CIBA Ltd., FR 1511325, 1966, Chem. Abstr., EN, 71, 91052y, 1969; CIBA, CH 495703, 1970, Chem. Abstr., EN, 74,79613; Ciba, US 3592932, 1971; CIBA Ltd., DE 1803084, 1967, Chem. Abstr., EN, 71, 91119a, 1969; Bayer AG, DE 2623847, 1977, Chem. Abstr., EN, 88, 120822; Labor.J.Berthier S.A., ZA 6706114, 1968, Chem. Abstr., EN, 70, 57467g, 1969.

Amides from 3,5-dichloroaniline and linear aliphatic carboxylic acids have been described as antibacterials (J. Med. Chem. 1983, 26, 1741).

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to derivatives of 2,5- and 3,5-bis-substituted anilines of the ge- neral formula 1: wherein R1 is hydrogen, trifluoromethyl or halogen; R2 is hydrogen, trifluoromethyl or halogen; R3 is trifluoromethyl or halogen;

R4 is straight or branched alkyl, C26-alkenyl or C26-alkynyl, optionally substituted with C38- cycloalkyl or aryloxy; or aryl optionally substituted with halogen, cyano or trifluoromethyl; or heterocyclyl optionally substituted with halogen, cyano or trifluoromethyl; or aryloxy optionally substituted with halogen, cyano or trifluoromethyl; or Y-R5, wherein Y is -O- or -N(R6)- wherein R5 is straight or branched alkyl, C2.6-alkenyl or C26-alkynyl, optionally substituted with C38-cycloalkyl, imidazolyl, methoxyphenyl or 10, -dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepin-5-yl; or aryl optionally substituted with halogen, cyano or trifluoromethyl; heterocyclyl, optionally substituted with halogen, cyano, benzyl or trifluoromethyl; or aryloxy, optionally substituted with halogen, cyano or trifluoromethyl; R6 is hydrogen; or straight or branched alkyl optionally substituted with C3.8-cycloalkyl; or aryl optionally substituted with halogen, cyano or trifluoromethyl; or heterocyclyl, optionally substituted with halogen, cyano or trifluoromethyl; or aryloxy optionally substituted with halogen, cyano or trifluoromethyl;; or R5 and R6 are linked to form a 3-8 membered ring which is optionally substituted with straight or branched alkyl or pyrrolidinylcarbonylmethyl; or aryl optionally substituted with halogen, cyano or trifluoromethyl; or furoyl, benzoyl, acetyl, hydroxy, aminocarbonyl; or piperidinyl; or R5 and R6 are linked to form a saturated or unsaturated isoquinolin ring, optionally substi- tuted with methoxy or dimethoxybenzyl; X is O or S ; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. with the proviso that R1 and R2 are not both hydrogen at the same time; and further provided that when R2 is hydrogen and R1 and R3 are chloro, then

R4 can not be substituted or unsubstituted aryl or heteroaryl or heterocyclyl; R4 can not be methyl, unsubstituted or monosubstituted with aryl, aryloxy, alkylamino, ary- lamino, halogen, heterocyclyl, acyl, 1-iminoalkyl, 1-iminoaryl, aminocarbonyl, 1- hydrazinoalkyl, 1-hydrazinoaryl, alkylthio, aryIthio, heterocyclylthio, ammonium or aminoalkyl; R4 can not be n-alkyl; R4 can not be -(CH2)3-OAr; R4 can not be 2,6-dimethylpiperidin-l -yl, methylamino, butylamino, benzylamino, arylamino, dimethylamino, diethylamino, dipropylamino, dibenzylamino, (methyl)(propargyl)amino, (1- phenylcyclohex-1-yl)methylamino, 4-heteroarylpiperazin-1-yl, (6-methylpyridi-2- yl)methylamino, (4-pyridinylmethyl)(methyl)amino or 2,5-dimethylpyrrolidin-1-yl.

When R2 is hydrogen and R1 and R3 are trifluoromethyl, then R4 can not be methyl, pyridyl, ethyl, n-propyl or 2-propylbutyl.

When R1 is hydrogen and R2 and R3 are chloro, then R4 can not be substituted or unsubstituted aryl or heteroaryl or heterocyclyl; R4 can not be methyl, unsubstituted or monosubstituted with aryl, aryloxy, alkylamino, ary- amino, halogen, heterocyclyl, acyl, 1-iminoalkyl, 1-iminoaryl, aminocarbonyl, 1- hydrazinoalkyl, 1-hydrazinoaryl, alkylthio, arylthio, heterocyclylthio, ammonium or aminoalkyl; R4 can not be n-alkyl, cyclopropyl or 2-propylbutyl; R4 can not be -(CH2)3-OAr or -CH(OH)CH3; R4 can not be arylamino, methylamino, isobutylamino, butylamino, 3-hydroxypropylamino, dimethylamino, [1-methyl-1-(4-bromophenyl)ethyl]amino, (methyl)(propargyl)amino, (isopropyl)(propargyl)amino, di(n-butyl)amino, dibenzylamino or (benzyl)(n-butyl)amino.

When X is oxygen, R1 is hydrogen and R2 and R3 are trifluoromethyl, then R4 can not be heterocyclyl; R4 can not be methyl, unsubstituted or monosubstituted with heteroaryloxy, ammonium, acyl, 1-oximoalkyl, heterocyclyl or 1-iminoalkyl; R4 can not be 2-propylbutyl or cyclopropyl; R4 can not be benzylamino, 2-phenylethylamino, (1-phenyl) ethylamino, 4-chlorobenzylamino, 2-chlorobenzylamino, 2-(4-chlorophenyl)ethylamino, 3,4-dichlorobenzylamino, (3,4- dichlorobenzyl)(methyl)amino, (2-ethylhex-l-yl)amino, isopropylamino, propylamino, buty- amino or 4-methyl-l -piperazinyl.

When X is sulfur, R1 is hydrogen and R2 and R3 are trifluoromethyl, then R4 can not be benzylamino, 3,4-dimethylbenzylamino, 4-methoxybenzylamino, 3,4- dichlorobenzylamino, (2-hydroxy-I -methyl-2-phenylethyl)(methyl)amino, isopropylamino, n- propylamino, n-pentylamino, 4-chlorobenzylamino, 1-piperidinyl, 4-morpholinyl, 4-methyl-1- piperazinyl, 2,6-dimethyl-44hiomorpholinyl, 4-(2-hyd roxyethyl)piperazin- -yI, 4- phenylpiperazin-l -yl, 4-benzylpiperazin-l -yl or 4-ethoxycarbonylpiperazin-l -yl; When R1 is chloro, R2 is hydrogen and R3 is trifluoromethyl, then R4 can not be substituted or unsubstituted aryl or heteroaryl or heterocyclyl; R4 can not be methyl, unsubstituted or substituted with aryl, heteroaryl, aryloxy, amino, halo- gen, heterocyclyl, acyl, 1-iminoalkyl, 1-iminoaryl, aminocarbonyl, 1-hydrazinoalkyl, 1- hydrazinoaryl, alkylthio, arylthio, heterocyclylthio, ammonium, aminoalkyl; R4 can not be unsubstituted n-alkyl, cyclopropyl, isopropyl, isobutyl, benzyl, 2-ethylpropyl, 2- propylbutyl; R4 can not be diisopropylamino, 2,6-dimethylpiperidin-l -yl, methylamino, dimethylamino, (1,1 -dimethylpropargyl)amino, ethylamino, butylamino, (2-hydroxyprop-l -yl)amino or 1- adamantylamino.

Within its scope the invention includes all diastereomers and enantiomers of compounds of formula I, some of which are optically active, and also their mixtures including racemic mixtures thereof.

The scope of the invention also includes all tautomeric forms of the compounds of formula I.

The salts include pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts, pharmaceutically acceptable metal salts or optionally alkylated ammonium salts, such as hydrochloric, hydrobromic, hydroiodic, phosphoric, sulfuric, trifiuoroacetic, trichloroacetic, oxalic, maleic, pyruvic, malonic, succinic, citric, tartaric, fumaric, mandelic, benzoic, cinnamic, methane- sulfonic, ethanesulfonic, picric and the like, and include acids related to the pharmaceutically acceptable salts listed in J. Pharm. Sci. 1977, 66, 2, and incorporated herein by reference, or lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium and the like.

The term "heterocyclyl" as used herein refers to: a monocyclic unsaturated or saturated system containing one, two or three hetero atoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur and having 5 members, e.g. a radical derived from pyrrole, furan, thiophene, pyrroline, dihydrofuran, dihydrothiophene, imidazole, imidazoline, pyrazole, pyrazoline, oxazole, thiazole, isoxazole, isothiazole, 1,2, 3-oxadiazole, furazan, 1,2,3-triazole, 1,2,3-thiadiazole or 2,1,3-thiadiazole; an aromatic monocyclic system containing two or more nitrogen atoms and having 6 members, e.g. a radical derived from pyrazine, pyrimidine, pyridazine, 1, 2, 4- triazine, 1,2,3-triazine or tetrazine; a non-aromatic monocyclic system containing one or more hetero atoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur and having 6 or 7 members, e.g. a radical derived from pyran, thiopyran, piperidine, dioxane, oxazine, isoxazine, dithiane, oxathine, thiazine, piperazine, thiadiazine, dithiazine, oxadiazine or oxoazepane as well as the corresponding benzo and dibenzo derivatives.

Alkyl refers to lower straight, cyclic, bicyclic, fused or branched alkyl having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, preferentially 1 to 6 carbon atoms. Aryl refers to phenyl or phenyl substituted with al- kyl or phenyl, or phenyl fused with cycloalkyl, or polycyclic aromatic systems such as naphthyl, anthracenyl, phenanthrenyl, fluorenyl, etc. Alkylene refers to lower straight, cyclic, fused or branched alkylene having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, preferentially 1 to 6 carbon atoms.

Heteroaryl refers to any of the possible isomeric, unsubstituted or alkyl-substituted pyrrolyl, furyl, thienyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadi- azolyl, pyridyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl and pyridazinyl, as well as the corresponding benzo and dibenzo derivatives or other fused ring-systems thereof. Heteroaryl is also intended to mean the partially or fully hydrogenated derivatives of the heterocyclic systems enumerated above.

Alkoxy refers to -O-alkyl and aryloxy refers to -O-aryl. Cyano refers to -CN, hydroxy refers to -OH, amino refers to -NH2 and nitro refers to -NO2. Dialkylamino refers to (alkyl) 2. Alky- larylamino refers to -N(alkyl)(aryl) and diarylamino refers to (aryl) 2. Halogen refers to -F, - CI, -Br and -I. Aralkyl refers to -alkylene-aryl. Alkylthio refers to -S-alkyl and arylthio refers to -S-aryl. Alkoxycarbonyl refers to -CO-O-alkyl and aminocarbonyl refers to -CO-N H2, - CONH(alkyl), -CONH(aryl), -CO-N(alkyl)2, -CO-N(alkyl)(aryl) or (aryl) 2. Acylamino re- fers to -NH-CO-(alkyl), -NH-CO-(aryl), -N(alkyl)-CO-alkyl or -N(alkyl)-CO-aryl. A leaving group refers to a group or atom capable of existing in solution as a negatively charged spe- cies, or a positively charged group or atom.

The term "C2.6-alkenyl" as used herein refers to an unsaturated hydrocarbon chain having 2- 6 carbon atoms and one double bond such as e.g. vinyl, 1-propenyl, allyl, isopropenyl, n- butenyl, n-pentenyl and n-hexenyl.

The term "C26-alkynyl" as used herein refers to unsaturated hydrocarbons which contain triple bonds, such as e.g. -CCH, -CrCCH3, -CH2CICH, -CH2CH2C=-CH, -CH(CH3)C=-CH, and the like.

The compounds of the present invention interact with the potassium channels and hence act as openers or blockers of the ATP-regulated potassium channels, making them potentially useful for the treatment of various diseases of the cardiovascular system, e.g. cerebral ischemia, hypertension, ischemic heart diseases, angina pectoris and coronary heart diseases; the pulmonary system; the urogenital system; the gastrointestinal system; the central nervous system and the endocrinological system.

The compounds of the present invention may also be used for the treatment of diseases associated with decreased skeletal muscle blood flow such as Reynauds disease and intermittent claudication.

Further, the compounds of the invention may be used for the treatment of chronic airway diseases, including asthma, and for treatment of detrusor muscle instability secondary to bladder oufflow obstruction and therefore for kidney stones by aiding their passage along the ureter. Potassium channel openers also relax urinary bladder smooth muscle, thus, the compounds of the present invention can be used for the treatment of urinary incontinence.

The present compounds could also be used for treatment of conditions associated with dis- turbances in gastrointestinal mobility such as irritable bowel syndrome. Additionally these compounds can be used for the treatment of premature labor and dysmenorrhea.

Further, potassium channel openers promote hairgrowth, therefore, the compounds of the present invention can be used for the treatment of baldness.

In diseases such as nesidioblastosis and insulinoma in which a hypersecretion of insulin causes severe hypoglycemia the compounds of the present invention may be used to reduce insulin secretion. In obesity hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance is very frequently encountered. This condition could lead to the development of non insulin dependent diabetes (NIDDM). Potassium channel openers and hence the compounds of the present invention may be used for counteracting the hyperinsulinemia and thereby prevent diabetes and reduce obesity. In overt NIDDM treatment of hyperinsulinemia with potassium channel openers, and hence the present compounds, can be of benefit in restoring glucose sensitivity and normal insulin secretions.

In early cases of insulin dependent diabetes (IDDM) or in prediabetic cases, potassium channel openers and hence the present compounds may be used to induce beta-cell rest which may prevent the progression of the autoimmune disease. The title compounds may be used to reduce beta-cell degeneration in type 1 or type 2 diabetes and to normalize insulin secretion and improve insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes.

Compounds of the present invention which act as blockers of KATp-channels may be used for the treatment of NIDDM.

Preferably, the compounds of the present invention may be used for treatment or prevention of diseases of the endocrinological system such as hyperinsulinaemia and diabetes.

Accordingly, in another aspect the invention relates to a compound of the general formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use as a therapeutically acceptable substance, preferably for use as a therapeutically acceptable substance in the treatment of hyperinsulinaemia and treatment or prevention of diabetes.

Furthermore, the invention also relates to the use of the inventive compounds of formula I as medicaments useful for treating hyperinsulinaemia and treating or preventing diabetes The compounds of this invention can be prepared by many different routes, obvious to those skilled in the art. Some of these routes are sketched below

Substituted anilines can be e.g. reacted with the appropriate carboxylic acid chlorides to yield anilides. Moreover, reaction with isocyanates of isothiocyanates may give ureas or thioureas, respectively. Reaction of substituted anilines with chloroformates may yield carbamates (urethanes).

Moreover, substituted arylisocyanates (X = O) or arylisothiocyanates (X = S) may be reacted with primary or secondary aliphatic or aromatic amines to yield ureas or thioureas, respec-

tively. Substituted arylisocyanates (X = O) or arylisothiocyanates (X = S) may also be re- acted with aliphatic or aromatic alcohols to yield urethanes (carbamates) or thiocarbamates.

7. Abbreviations: The following frequently used abbreviations are intended to have the fol- lowing meanings: AcOH: glacial acetic acid DBU: 1, ,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.Ojundec-7-ene DCM: dichloromethane, methylenechloride DIC: diisopropylcarbodiimide DMF: N,N-dimethyl formamide EDC: N-ethyl-N'-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride, "water-soluble car- bodiimide" FMoc: fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl NMP: N-Methylpyrrolidone R: organic radical TFA: trifluoroacetic acid TH F: tetrahydrofuran PHARMACOLOGICAL METHODS The ability of the compounds to interact with potassium channels can be determined by various methods. When patch-clamp techniques (Hamill O.P., Marty A., Nefer E., Sakman B. and Sigworth F.J., Plügers Arch. 1981, 391, 85-100) are used the ionic current through a single channel of a cell can be recorded.

The activity of the compounds as potassium channel openers can also be measured as relaxation of rat aorta rings according to the following procedure: A section of rat thoracic aorta between the aortic arch and the diaphragm was dissected out and mounted as ring preparations as described by Taylor P.D. et al., Brit. J. Pharmacol.

1994,111, 42-48.

After a 45 min equilibration period under a tension of 2 g, the preparations were contracted to achieve 80% of the maximum response using the required concentration of

phenylephrine. When the phenylephrine response reached a plateau, potential vasodilatory agents were added cumulatively to the bath in small volumes using half log molar increments at 2 min intervals. Relaxation was expressed at the percentage of the contracted tension.

The potency of a compound was expressed as the concentration required to evoke a 50% relaxation of the tissue.

In the pancreatic beta-cell the opening of the KATp-channels can be determined by measuring the subsequent change in the concentration of cytoplasmic free Ca2+ concentration according to the method of Arkhammar et al., J. Biol. Chem. 1987, 262, 5448-5454.

86Rb+ efflux from a beta-cell line The RIN 5F cell line was grown in RPMI 1640 with Glutamax I, supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum (from GibcoBRL, Scotland, UK) and maintained in an atmosphere of 5% CO2/ 95% air at 37 "C. The cells were detached with a Trypsin-EDTA solution (from GibcoBRL, Scotland, UK), resuspended in medium, added 1 mCi/mL 86Rb+ and replated into microtiter plates (96 well cluster 3596, sterile, from Costar Corporation, MA, USA) at a density of 50000 cells/well in 100 CLl/well, and grown 24 hours before use in assay.

The plates were washed four times with Ringer buffer (150 mM NaCI, 10 mM Hepes, 3.0 mM KCI, 1.0 mM CaCI2, 20 mM sucrose, pH 7.1). 80 uL Ringer buffer and 1 pL control- or test compound dissolved in DMSO were added. After incubation for 1 h at room temperature with a lid, 50 jlL of the supernatant was transferred to PicoPlates (Packard Instrument Company, CT, USA) and 100 uL MicroScint40 (Packard Instrument Company, CT, USA) was added.

The plates were counted in TopCount (Packard Instrument Company, CT, USA) for 1 min/well at the 32P program.

The calculation of EC50 and Emax was done by SlideWrite (Advanced Graphics Software, Inc., CA, USA) using a four parameter logistic curve: y = (a-d)/(l+(x/c)b)+d, where a = the activity estimated at concentration zero, b = a slope factor, c = the concentration at the middle of the curve and, d = the activity estimated at infinite concentration. EC50 = c and May = d, when the curve is turned off at infinite concentrations.

The compounds according to the invention are effective over a wide dose range. In general satisfactory results are obtained with dosages from about 0.05 mg to about 1000 mg, preferably from about 0.1 mg to about 500 mg, per day. A most preferable dosage is about 5 mg to about 200 mg per day. The exact dosage will depend upon the mode of administra- tion, form in which administered, the subject to be treated and the body weight of the subject to be treated, and the preference and experience of the physician or veterinarian in charge.

The route of administration may be any route, which effectively transports the active compound to the appropriate or desired site of action, such as oral or parenteral e.g. rectal, transdermal, subcutaneous, intravenous, intramuscular or intranasal, the oral route being preferred.

Typical compositions include a compound of formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, associated with a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient which may be a carrier or a diluent or be diluted by a carrier, or enclosed within a carrier which can be in form of a capsule, sachet, paper or other container. In making the compositions, conventional techniques for the preparation of pharmaceutical compositions may be used. For example, the active compound will usually be mixed with a carrier, or diluted by a carrier, or enclosed within a carrier which may be in the form of a ampoule, capsule, sachet, paper, or other container. When the carrier serves as a diluent, it may be solid, semi-solid, or liquid material which acts as a vehicle, excipient, or medium for the active compound. The active compound can be adsorbed on a granular solid container for example in a sachet. Some examples of suitable carriers are water, salt solutions, alcohols, polyethylene glycols, polyhydroxyethoxylated castor oil, gelatine, lactose, amylose, magnesium stearate, talc, silicic acid, fatty acid monoglycerides and diglycerides, pentaerythritol fatty acid esters, hydroxymethylcellulose and polyvinylpyrrolidone. The formulations may also include wetting agents, emulsifying and suspending agents, preserving agents, sweetening agents or flavouring agents. The formulations of the invention may be formulated so as to provide quick, sustained, or delayed release of the active ingredient after administration to the patient by employing procedures well known in the art.

The pharmaceutical preparations can be sterilized and mixed, if desired, with auxiliary agents, emulsifiers, salt for influencing osmotic pressure, buffers and/or colouring substances and the like, which do not deleteriously react with the active compounds.

For parenteral application, particularly suitable are injectable solutions or suspensions, preferably aqueous solutions with the active compound dissolved in polyhydroxylated castor oil.

Tablets, dragees, or capsules having talc and/or a carbohydrate carrier or binder or the like are particularly suitable for oral application. Preferable carriers for tablets, dragees, or capsules include lactose, corn starch, and/or potato starch. A syrup or elixir can be used in cases where a sweetened vehicle can be employed.

A typical tablet, appropriate for use in this method, may be prepared by conventional tabletting techniques and contains: Active compound 5.0 mg Lactosum 67.8 mg Ph.Eur.

Avicel (D 31.4 mg Amberlite# 1.0 mg Magnesii stearas 0.25 mg Ph.Eur.

Due to their high degree of activity, the compounds of the invention may be administered to a mammal, especially a human, in need of such treatment, prevention, eiimination, alleviation or ameiioration of various diseases as mentioned above and especially of diseases of the endocrinological system such as hyperinsulinaemia and diabetes.

The results obtained from screening of the compounds of the present invention show, that some of these are potent potassium channel openers. The most active compounds of this invention show an IC50 of 600 nM.

Examples Example 1. 1-[3, 5-Bis-(trifluoromethyl) phenyl]-3-(2, 4-dichlorobenzyl) urea To a solution of 2,4-dichlorobenzylisocyanate (0.22 g, 1.09 mmol) in toluene (4.5 mL) 3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)aniline (0.16 mL, 1.03 mmol) and triethylamine (0.3 mL) were added and the resulting mixture was heated to 90 °C for 2 h. The mixture was then concentrated and

the residue recrystallized from ethyl acetate (10 mL). 0.15 g (34%) of the title compound was obtained as colouriess needles, mp 196-198 °C.

HPLC (254 nm): Elution at 33.98 min, 99.7% pure. LCMS: MH+ calcd.: 431, found: 431. 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d,): 6 = 4.38 (d, J = 7 Hz, 2H), 7.09 (t, J = 7 Hz, 1H), 7.30-7.62 (m, 6H), 8.11 (s, 2H), 9.52 (s, 1H). Anal. Calcd. for C16H10Cl2F6N2O (431.2): C, 44.57; H, 2.34; N, 6.50. Found: C, 44.53; H, 2.34; N, 6.29.

Example 2. Parallel Synthesis often N-acylated 3, 5-bis (trifluoromethyl) anilines Into each of ten test tubes with septum a solution of 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)aniline (0.078 mL, 0.5 mmol) in pyridine (0.2 mL) and 1,2-dichloroethane (0.5 mL) was placed. Then, while shaking the tubes on a mechanical shaker, to each of the test tubes one acid chloride (0.6 mmol), namely 3-cyanobenzoyl chloride, 2-phenoxypropionyl chloride, butyryl chloride, hep- tanoyl chloride, pivaloyl chloride, cyclopropanoyl chloride, isobutyryl chloride, 2- ethylhexanoyl chloride, 3-cyclopentylpropionyl chloride and 3-phenylpropionyl chloride, was added with a syringe. The resulting mixtures were shaken for 48 h at room temperature. To each test tube brine (2 mL) and ethyl acetate (2 mL) were added, and after shaking for 5 min the aqueous phases were pipetted off and discarded. The organic layers were washed once with 1N hydrochloric acid (3 mL), once with brine (3 mL) and then dried over magnesium sulfate. The dried ethyl acetate extracts were tranferred into vials and concentrated. Be- tween 156 mg and 63 mg of the corresponding anilides were obtained. Purity and identity of the products was determined by HPLC-MS, and was found to be sufficient for screening.

Example 3. Parallel synthesis of 200 substituted aniline derivatives An array of 200 different aniline derivatives was prepared in the following way: Into 200 vials 0.1 mmol of 50 different amines was placed. The amines were: isoamylamine, isopropylamine, isobutylamine, neopentylamine, 2,2,2-trifluoroethylamine, propargylamine, dipropylamine, 2-(4-chlorophenyl)ethylamine, 4-methylpiperidine, diisobutylamine, pyr- rolidine, 3-(imidazol-1 -yl)propylamine, 1, ,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline, cis-2,6- dimethyimorpholine, 1-[(3-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]piperazine, azepine, 4-benzoylpiperidine, (3-phenylpropyl)amine, 4-hydroxycyclohexylamine (cis/trans-mixture), trans-3- hydroxycyclohexylamine, 3-hydroxypiperidine, 3-hydroxypyrrolidine, 2-aminoethanol, 3-

aminopropanol, 4-aminobutanol, 6-aminohexanol, 4-(2-aminoethyl)morpholine, 3,3,5- trimethyl-5-aminomethyl-l -cyclohexanol, 1-acetylpiperazine, (2-chlorobenzyl)amine, 2- (ethylamino)ethanol, n-butylamine, 2-methyl-2-amino-1-propanol, cyclohexylmethylamine, 4- (2-aminoethyl)pyridine, 4-(ethylaminomethyl)pyridine, 3-(2-pyridylamino)propylamine, 2-(2- aminoethyl)pyridine, 4-(1-piperidinyl)-4-(aminocarbonyl)piperidine, 1-(pyrrolidin-1- ylcarbonylmethyl)piperazine, I -(24uroyl)piperazine, 1-cyclopropyl-1-(4- methoxyphenyl)methylamine synephrine [N-methyl-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2- hydroxyethylamine; racemic], 2-amino-2-phenylethanol (racemic), norephedrine (1 -phenyl-2- aminopropanol), 4-amino-1-benzylpiperidine, 1, I ,2,3,4-tetrahydropapaverine, desipramine and 3-(aminomethyl)pyridine. Then to each of the vials (closed with a septum) 0.25 mL of a mix- ture of acetonitrile and triethylamine (9:1, vol) was added. Finally solutions of 3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenylisothiocyanate,3,5-dichlorophenyli sothiocyanate, 3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenylisocyanate and 2-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenylisothiocyanate in acetonitrile (0.6 equivalents) were added to all the vials in such a way that all possible com- binations of cyanate/amine were realized. The vials were then shaken for 24 h at room tem- perature and then concentrated in vacuum. The quality of the compound-array was deter- mined by HPLC-MS of a representative selection of products, and was considered to be suf- ficient for screening (estimated purity of analyzed samples: 40% to >90%).

Following the procedures described above, the following compounds I have been prepared: MH+ No R1 R2 R3 R4 X expctd found 1 H -CF3 -CF3 -NH-(CH2)2CH3 O 315 315 2 H -CF3 -CF3 -NH-(cyclohexyl) 0 355 355 3 H -CF3 -CF3 -NH-C(CH3)3 0 328 329 4 H -CF3 -CF3 -NH-(4-C6H4CI) 0 383 383 5 H -CF3 -CF3 -NH-CH(CH3)2 0 315 315 6 H -CF3 -CF3 -(3-C6H4CN) 0 359 359 7 H -CF3 -CF3 -CH(O-Ph)CH3 0 378 378 8 H -CF3 -CF3 -(CH2)2CH3 O 300 300 9 H -CF3 -CF3 -(CH2)5CH3 O 342 342 10 H -CF3 -CF3 -C(CH3)3 0 314 314 11 H -CF3 -CF3 cyclopropyl 0 298 298 12 H -CF3 -CF3 -CH(CH3)2 0 300 13 H -CF3 -CF3 -CH(Et)(n-butyl) 0 356 356 14 H -CF3 -CF3 -(CH2)2-(cyclopentyl) 0 354 354 15 H -CF3 -CF3 -(CH2)2-Ph O 362 362 16 H -CF3 -CF3 -NH-(CH2)2-CH(CH3) S 359 17 H -CF3 -CF3 -NH-CH(CH3)2 S 331 331 18 H -CF3 -CF3 -NH-CH2-CH(CH3)2 S 345 19 H -CF3 -CF3 -NH-CH2-C(CH3)3 S 359 359 20 H -CF3 -CF3 -NH-CH2-CF S 371 21 H -CF3 -CF3 -NH-CH2-CCH S 327 22 H -CF3 -CF3 -N[(CH2)2CH3]2 S 373 23 H -CF3 -CF3 -NH-(CH2)2-(4-C6H4CI) S 427 4 H -CF3 - CF3 (4-methyl)piperidin-1-yl S 371 25 H -CF3 -CF3 -N[CH2-CH(CH3)2]2 S 401 26 H -CF3 -CF3 pyrrolidin-1-yl S 343 27 H -CF3 -CF3 -NH-(CH2)3-(imidazol-1-yl) S 397 28 H -CF3 -CF3 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-2-yl S 405 29 H -CF3 -CF3 (2,6-dimethyl)morpholin-4-yl S 387 30 H -CF3 -CF3 4-[(3-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]piperazin-1-yl S 502 31 H -CF3 -CF3 azepin-1-yl S 371 32 H -CF3 -CF3 (4-benzoyl)piperidin-1-yl S 461 33 H -CF3 -CF3 -NH-(CH2)3-Ph S 407 34 H -CF3 -CF3 -NH-(4-hydroxycyclohexyl) S 387 35 H -CF3 -CF3 -NH-(3-hydroxycyclohexyl) S 387 36 H -CF3 -CF3 4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl S 373 37 H -CF3 -CF3 3-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl S 373 38 H -CF3 -CF3 3-hydroxypyrrolidin-1-yl S 359 39 H -CF3 -CF3 -NH-(CH2)2-OH S 333 40 H -CF3 -CF3 -NH-(CH2)3-OH S 347 41 H -CF3 -CF3 -NH-(CH2)4-OH S 361 42 H -CF3 -CF3 -NH-(CH2)6-OH S 389 43 H -CF3 -CF3 -NH-(CH2)2-(morpholin-4-yl) S 402 44 H -CF3 -CF3 -NH-CH2-(1,3,3-trimethyl-5-hydroxy-1- S 443 cyclohexyl 45 H -CF3 -CF3 (4-acetyl)piperazin-1 -yl S 400 46 H -CF3 -CF3 -NH-CH2-(2-C6H4CI) S 413 47 H -CF3 -CF3 -N(Et)-(CH2)2-OH S 361 48 H -CF3 -CF3 -NH-(CH2)3-CH3 S 345 49 H -CF3 -CF3 -NH-C(CH3)2-CH2-OH S 361 361 50 H -CF3 -CF3 -NH-CH2-(cyclohexyl) S 385 51 H -CF3 -CF3 -NH-(CH2)2-(4-pyridyl) S 394 52 H -CF3 -CF3 -N(Et)-CH2-(4-pyridyl) S 408 408 53 H -CF3 -CF3 -NH-(CH2)3-NH-(2-pyridyl) S 423 423 54 H -CF3 -CF3 -NH-(CH2)2-(2-pyridyl) S 394 55 H -CF3 -CF3 [4(piperidin-1-yl)-4-aminocarbonyl]piperidin-1-yl S 483 483 56 H -CF3 -CF3 4-(pyrrolidin-1-ylcarbonylmethyl)piperazin-1-yl S 469 57 H -CF3 -CF3 4-(2-furoyl)piperazin-1-yl S 452 58 H -CF3 -CF3 -NH-CH(cyclopropyl)(4-C6H4-OCH3) S 449 59 H -CF3 -CF3 -N(CH3)-CH2-CH(OH)-(4-C6H4-OH) S 439 439 60 H -CF3 -CF3 -NH-CH(CH2-OH)-Ph S 409 61 H -CF3 -CF3 -NH-CH(CH3)-CH(OH)-Ph S 423 423 62 H -CF3 -CF3 -NH-(1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl) S 462 63 H -CF3 -CF3 1-(3,4-dimethyoxybenzyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4- S 615 615 tetrahydroisoquinolin-2-yl 64 H -CF3 -CF3 -N(CH3)-(CH2)3-(10,11-dihydro-5H- S 538 dibenzo[b,f]azepin-5-yl) 65 H -CF3 -CF3 -NH-CH2-(3-pyridyl) S 380 66 H -CI -CI -NH-(CH2)2-CH(CH3)2 S 292 67 H -Cl -Cl -NH-CH(CH3)2 S 264 68 H -CI -CI -NH-CH2-CH(CH3)2 S 278 69 H -CI -CI -NH-CH2-C(CH3)3 S 292 291 70 H -CI -CI -NH-CH2-CF3 S 304 71 H -CI -CI -NH-CH2-CCH S 260 72 H-Cl-Cl-N -N[(CH2)2CH3]2 S 306 73 H -Cl -Cl -NN-(CH2)2-4-C6H4-CI) S 360 74 H -Cl -Cl (4-methyl)piperidin-1-yl S 304 75 H-Cl-Cl-N -N[ch2-ch(ch3)2]2 S 334 76 H -Cl -Cl pyrrolidin-1-yl S 276 77 H -Cl -Cl -NH-(CH2)3-(imidazol-1-yl) S 330 78 H -CI -CI 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-2-yl S 338 79 H -CI -CI (2,6-dimethyl)morpholin-4-yl S 320 80 H -Cl -Cl 4-[(3-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]piperazin-1-yl S 435 81 H -Cl -Cl azepin-1-yl S 304 82 H -Cl -Cl (4-benzoyl)piperidin-1-yl S 394 83 H -CI -CI -NH-(CH2)3-Ph S 340 84 H -CI -CI -NH-(4-hydroxycyclohexyl) S 320 85 H -CI -CI -NH-(3-hydroxycyclohexyl) S 320 86 H -Cl -Cl 4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl S 306 87 H -Cl -Cl 3-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl S 306 88 H -Cl -Cl 3-hydroxypyrrolidin-1-yl S 292 89 H -CI -CI -NH-(CH2)2-OH S 266 90 H -CI -CI -NH-(CH2)3-OH S 280 91 H -CI -CI -NH-(CH2)4-OH S 294 92 H -CI -CI -NH-(CH2)6-OH S 322 93 H -Cl -Cl -NH-(CH2)2-(morpholin-4-yl) S 335 94 H -CI -CI -NH-CH2-(1,3,3-trimethyl-5-hydroxy-1- S 376 cyclohexyl 95 H -Cl -Cl (4-acetyl)piperazin-1-yl S 333 96 H -CI -CI -NH-CH2-(2-C6H4CI) S 346 97 H -CI -CI -N(Et)-(CH2)2-OH S 294 98 H -CI -CI -NH-(CH2)3-CH3 S 278 99 H -CI -CI -NH-C(CH3)2-CH2-OH S 294 100 H -CI -CI -NH-CH2-(cyclohexyl) S 318 101 H -CI -CI -NH-(CH2)2-(4-pyridyl) S 327 102 H -CI -CI -N(Et)-CH2-(4-pyridyl) S 341 103 H -CI -CI -NH-(CH2)3-NH-(2-pryidyl) S 356 104 H -Cl -Cl -NH-(CH2)2-(2-pyridyl) S 327 105 H -Cl -Cl [4-(piperidin-1-yl)-4-aminocarbonyl]piperidin-1-yl S 416 106 H -CI -CI 4-(pyrrolidin-1-ylcarbonylmethyl)piperazin-1-yl S 402 107 H -CI -CI 4-(2-furoyl) piperazin-1-yl S 385 108 H -CI -CI -NH-CH(cyclopropyl)(4-C6H4-OCH3) S 382 109 H -CI -CI -N(CH3)-CH2-CH(OH)-(4-C6H4-OH) S 372 110 H -CI -CI -NH-CH(CH2-OH)-Ph S 342 111 H -CI -CI -NH-CH(CH3)-CH(OH)-Ph S 356 112 H -CI -CI -NH-(1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl) S 395 113 H -Cl -Cl 1-(3,4-dimethyoxybenzyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4- 5 548 tetrahydroisoquinolin-2-yl 114 H -CI -CI -N(CH3)-(CH2)3-(10,11-dihydro-5H- S 471 dibenzo[b,f]azepin-5-yl) 115 H -CI -CI -NH-CH2-(3-pyridyl) S 313 116 H -CF3 -CF3 -NH-(CH2)2-CH(CH3)2 0 343 117 H -CF3 -CF3 -NH-CH(CH3)2 0 315 118 H -CF3 -CF3 -NH-CH2-CH(CH3)2 O 329 119 H -CF3 -CF3 -NH-CH2-C(CH3)3 O 343 343 120 H -CF3 -CF3 -NH-CH2-CF3 0 355 355 121 H -CF3 -CF3 -NH-CH2-CCH 0 311 122 H -CF3 -CF3 -N[(CH2)2CH3]2 0 357 123 H -CF3 -CF3 -NH-(CH2)2-(4-C6H4CI) 0 411 124 H -CF3 -CF3 (4-methyl)piperidin-1-yl 0 355 125 H -CF3 -CF3 -N[CH2-CH(CH3)2]2 0 385 126 H -CF3 -CF3 pyrrolidin-1-yl 0 327 127 H -CF3 -CF3 -NH-(CH2)3-(imidazol-1-yl) 0 381 128 H -CF3 -CF3 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-2-yl 0 389 129 H -CF3 -CF3 (2,6-dimethyl)morpholin-4-yl 0 371 130 H -CF3 -CF3 4-[(3-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]piperazin-1-yl O 486 131 H -CF3 -CF3 azepin-1-yl 0 355 132 H -CF3 -CF3 (4-benzoyl)piperidin-1-yl 0 445 133 H -CF3 -CF3 -NH-(CH2)3-Ph O 319 134 H -CF3 -CF3 -NH-(4-hydroxycyclohexyl) 0 371 371 135 H -CF3 -CF3 -NH-(3-hydroxycyclohexyl) 0 371 136 H -CF3 -CF3 4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl 0 357 137 H -CF3 -CF3 3-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl 0 357 138 H -CF3 -CF3 3-hydroxypyrrolidin-1 -yl 0 343 343 139 H -CF3 -CF3 -NH-(CH2)2-OH O 317 140 H -CF3 -CF3 -NH-(CH2)3-OH O 331 331 141 H -CF3 -CF3 -NH-(CH2)4-OH O 345 142 H -CF3 -CF3 -NH-(CH2)6-OH O 373 143 H -CF3 -CF3 -NH-(CH2)2-(morpholin-4-yl) O 386 144 H -CF3 -CF3 -NH-CH2-(1,3,3-trimethyl-5-hydroxy-1- O 427 cyclohexyl 145 H -CF3 -CF3 (4-acetyl)piperazin-1-yl O 384 146 H -CF3 -CF3 -NH-CH2-(2-C6H4CI) 0 397 147 H -CF3 -CF3 -N(Et)-(CH2)2-OH 0 345 148 H -CF3 -CF3 -NH-(CH2)3-CH3 O 329 149 H -CF3 -CF3 -NH-C(CH3)2-CH2-OH O 345 150 H -CF3 -CF3 -NH-CH2-(cyclohexyl) 0 369 151 H -CF3 -CF3 -NH-(CH2)2-(4-pyridyl) O 378 152 H -CF3 -CF3 -N(Et)-CH2-(4-pyridyl) 0 392 153 H -CF3 -CF3 -NH-(CH2)3-NH-(2-pyridyl) O 407 154 H -CF3 -CF3 -NH-(CH2)2-(2-pyridyl) O 378 155 H -CF3 -CF3 [4-(piperidin-1-yl)-4-aminocarbonyl] piperidin-1-yl 0 467 156 H -CF3 -CF3 4-(pyrrolidin-1-ylcarbonylmethyl)piperazn-1-yl O 453 157 H -CF3 -CF3 4-(2-furoyl)piperazin-1-yl O 436 158 H -CF3 -CF3 -NH-CH(cyclopropyl)(4-C6H4-OCH3) O 433 433 159 H -CF3 -CF3 -N(CH3)-CH2-CH(OH)-(4-C6H4-OH) O 423 160 H -CF3 -CF3 -NH-CH9CH2-OH)-Ph O 393 161 H -CF3 -CF3 -NH-CH(CH3)-CH(OH)-Ph O 407 162 H -CF3 -CF3 -NH-(1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl) 0 446 163 H -CF3 -CF3 1-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-6,7-dimethyoxy-1,2,3,4- O 599 tetrahydroisoquinolin-2-yl 164 H -CF3 -CF3 -N(CH3)-(CH2)3-(10,11-dihydro-5H- 0 522 dibenzo[b,f]azepin-5-yl) 165 H -CF3 -CF3 -NH-CH2-(3-pyridyl) 0 364 166 -CI H -CF3 -NH-(CH2)2-CH(CH3)2 S 325 167 -Cl H -CF3 -NH-CH(CH3)2 S 297 168 -CI H -CF3 -NH-CH2-CH(CH3)2 S 311 169 -CI H -CF3 -NH-CH2-C(CH3)3 S 325 325 170 -Cl H -CF3 -NH-CH2-CF3 S 337 171 -CI H -CF3 -NH-CH2-CCH S 293 172 -CI H -CF3 -N[(CH2)2CH3]2 S 339 339 173 -CI H -CF3 -NH-(CH2)2-(4-C6h4CI) S 394 174 -CI H -CF3 (4-methyl)piperidin-1-yl S 337 337 175 -CI H -CF3 -N[CH2-CH(CH3)2]2 S 367 176 -Cl H -CF3 pyrrolidin-1-yl S 309 177 -CI H -CF3 -NH-(CH2)3-(imidazol-1-yl) S 363 178 -CI H -CF3 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-2-yl S 371 179 -CI H -CF3 (2,6-dimethyl)morpholin-4-yl S 353 180 -CI H -CF3 4-[(3-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]piperazin-1-yl S 468 181 -CI H -CF3 azepin-1-yl S 337 182 -CI H -CF3 (4-benzoyl)piperidin-1-yl S 427 183 -CI H -CF3 -NH-(CH2)3-Ph S 373 184 -Cl H -CF3 -NH-(4-hydroxycyclohexyl) S 353 185 -Cl H -CF3 -NH-(3-hydroxycyclohexyl) S 353 186 -CI H -CF3 4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl S 339 187 -CI H -CF3 3-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl S 339 188 -CI H -CF3 3-hydroxypyrrolidin-1-yl S 325 189 -CI H -CF3 -NH-(CH2)2-OH S 299 190 -CI H -CF3 -NH-(CH2)3-OH S 313 191 -CI H -CF3 -NH-(CH2)4-OH S 327 192 -CI H -CF3 -NH-(CH2)6-OH S 355 193 -CI H -CF3 -NH-(CH2)2-(morpholin-4-l) S 368 194 -CI H -CF3 -NH-CH2-(1,3,3-trimethyl-5-hydroxy-1- S 409 cyclohexyl 195 -CI H -CF3 (4-acetyl)piperazin-1-yl S 366 196 -CI H -CF3 -NH-CH2-(2-C6H4Cl) S 380 197 -CI H -CF3 -N(Et)-(CH2)2-OH S 327 198 -CI H -CF3 -NH-(CH2)3-CH3 S 311 199 -CI H -CF3 -NH-C(CH3)2-CH2-OH S 327 200 -CI H -CF3 -NH-CH2-(cyclohexyl) S 351 201 -CI H -CF3 -NH-(CH2)2-(4-pyridyl) S 360 202 -CI H -CF3 -N(Et)-CH2-(4-pyridyl) S 374 203 -CI H -CF3 -NH-(CH2)3-NH-(2-pyridyl) S 389 388 204 -CI H -CF3 -NH-(CH2)2-(2-pyridyl) S 360 205 -CI H -CF3 -[4-(piperidin-1-yl)-4-aminocarbonyl]piperidin-1-yl S 449 206 -CI H -CF3 4-(pyrrolidin-1-ylcarbonylmethyl)piperazin-1-yl S 435 207 -CI H -CF3 4-(2-furoyl)piperazin-1-yl S 418 208 -CI H -CF3 -NH-CH(cyclopropy)(4-C6H4-OCH3) S 415 209 -CI H -CF3 -N(CH3)-CH2-CH(OH)-(4-C6H4-OH) S 405 210 -CI H -CF3 -NH-CH(CH2-OH)-Ph S 375 375 211 -CI H -CF3 -NH-CH(CH3)-CH(OH)-Ph S 389 212 -CI H -CF3 -NH-(1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl) S 428 213 -CI H -CF3 1-(3,4-dimethyoxybenzyl)-6,7-dimethyoxy-1,2,3,4- S 582 tetrahydroisoquinolin-2-yl 214 -CI H -CF3 -N(CH3)-(CH2)3-(10,11-dihydro-5H- S 505 dibenzo[b,f]azepin-5-yl) 215 -CI H -CF3 -NH-CH2-(3-pyridyl) S 346 346

216 H -CF3 -CF3 -NH-CH2-(2,4-C6H3CI2) O 432 432 Example 4. General synthetic pathway to I-aryl-3-alkylthioureas A solution of the appropriately substituted aniline (8 mmol) and thiocarbonyldiimidazole (1.43 g ; 8 mmol) in dioxane (30 mL) was heated at 50°C for 48-72 h (until disappearance of the aniline from the reaction mixture monitored by TLC). The appropriate alkylamine (or cycloal- kylalkylamine) (8 mmol) was added to the reaction medium and the resulting solution was heated at 60°C for 4-12 h. The solvent was removed by distillation under reduced pressure and the residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (50 mL). The organic layer was washed with 4N HCI (50 mL), then with water (50 mL). The organic layer was dried over anhydrous MgSO4, filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated to dryness. The residue was dissolved in a smali volume of ethanol (5-10 mL). The solution was supplemented with 2N HCI (100 mL) and the resulting precipitate was collected by filtration, washed with water and dried (yields 20-60%).

The following compounds have been obtained 1-Cyclohexylmethyl-3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)thiourea mp 134-135°C. IR (KBr) : 3261, 3079, 2922, 2850, 1552, 1445, 1337, 1248 cm^-1~, Anal.

Calcd. for C14H18Cl2N2S (317.28): C, 53.00; H, 5. 72 ; N, 8. 83 ; S, 10.11. Found : C, 53.13 H, 6.10 ; N, 9.00 ; S, 10.38.

1-Cyclohexylmethyl-3-(3,5-difluorophenyl)thiourea mp 125-127°C. IR (KBr) : 3318, 3201, 2924, 2854, 1626, 1611, 1565, 1536, 1477, 1262, 1252, 1122 cm^-1~, Anal. Calcd. for C14H'8F2N2S (284.37): C, 59.13 ; H, 6.38 ; N, 9.85 ; S, 11.28. Found: C, 59. 33 ; H, 6. 49 ; N, 10. 22 ; S, 11.01.

1-Cyclohexylmethyl-3-(2,5-difluorophenyl)thiourea

mp 89-91°C. IR (KBr) : 3316, 3168, 2922, 2850, 1553, 1500, 1250, 1212, 1196, 1184 cm^-1~, Anal. Calcd. forC14H18F2N2S (284.37) : C, 59.13 ; H, 6. 38 ; N, 9. 85 ; S, 11.28. Found: C, 59.20 ; H, 6.63 ; N, 10.22 ; S, 11.33.

(R)-1-(1-Cyclohexylmethyl)-3-(3,5-difluorophenyl)thiourea mp 121-123°C. IR (KBr) : 3315, 3200, 3043, 2924, 2852, 1625, 1612, 1570, 1525, 1477, 1254, 1120 cm^-1~. Anal. Calcd. for C15H20F2N2S (298.40): C, 60.38 ; H, 6.75 ; N, 9. 39 ; S, 10.75. Found : C, 60.23 ; H, 6. 92 ; N, 9. 46 ; S, 11.05.

Example 5 Heptanoic acid (3, 5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl) amide To a solution of heptanoyl chloride (0.186 ml, 1.1 mmol) in diethyl ether ml) 3,5-bis- (trifluoromethyl) aniline (0.196 ml, 1.3 mmol) was added dropwise. After stirring for 2 h, the precipitate was filtered off and washed with diethyl ether. The filtrate was concentrated to give a sirup, which was purified by flash chromatography using ethyl acetate/heptane 1:4 and 1:2 to give the title compound as oily crystals. Yield 0.65 g (83%). The product could be recrystalised from ethanol/water to give oily crystals contaminated with heptanoic chloride (3.67 mol%). MA. Calculated for C15H17NOF6.0.1C7H13CIO: C 53.22%; H 5.23%; N 3.95% Found: C 53.31%; H 5.10%; N 4.06%. El SP/MS: 341 (M+). 1H-NMR (DMSO): 6 10.55 (s, 1H, NH); 8.27 (s, 2H); 7.70 (s, 1H); 2.35 (t, 2H); 1.60 (p, 2H); 1.3 )m, 6H); 0.88 ppm (t, 3H).

Example 6 N- (3, 5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-2-phenoxypropionamide To a solution of 2-phenoxypropionyl chloride (0.22 g, 1.1 mmol) in diethyl ether (4 ml) 3,5- bis-(trifluoromethyl)aniline (0.200 ml, 1.3 mmol) was added. After stirring for 2.5 h the reac- tion mixture was filtered and the filtrate concentrated to give a sirup, which was crystalised from toluene to give the title compound as white crystals. Yield 0.321 g (75%).mp 113.5- 114.5°C. MA. Calculated for C17H13NO2F6: C 54.12%; H 3.47%; N 3.71% Found: C 54.21%; H 3.49%; N 3.68%. El SP/MS: 377 (M+). 1H-NMR (DMSO): : 10.80 (s, 1H, NH); 8.39 (s, 2H); 7.80 (s, 1H); 7.3 (m, 2H); 6.95 (m, 3H); 4.94 (q, 1H); 1.57 ppm (d, 3H).

Example 7 1 -(3, 5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl) -3-(4-chlorophenyl) urea 4-Chlorophenylisocyanate (0.175 ml, 1.36 mmol) was added to 3,5-bis- (trifluoromethyl)aniline (0.233 ml, 1.5 mmol) and stirred for 1 h. The almost solid reaction mixture was recrystalised first from ethyl acetate and then from toluene to give the title com- pound. Yield 0.315g (61%). Mp 224.5-225.0°C. El SP/MS: 382 (M+).

1H-NMR (DMSO): 6 9. 42 (br s, 1H, NH); 9.13 (br s, 1H, NH); 8.12 (s, 2H); 7.63 (s, IH); 7.50 (d, 2H); 7.35 ppm (d, 2H).

Example 8 N- (3, 5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-3-phenylacrylamide The title compound was prepared from 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)aniline and cinnamoyl chloride by a method analogous to the one described in Example 2; LC-MS: m/e 360 (M+ +1).

Example 9 2-Phenylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid (3, 5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyll -amide The title compound was prepared from 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)aniline and 2- phenylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid chloride by a method analogous to the one described in Example 2; LC-MS: m/e 374 (M+ +1).