DETERGENT PRODUCT

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a detergent product comprising a flexible bag and water- soluble detergent articles.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Detergent manufacturers are becoming more aware of the environmental and sustainable impact their choice of packaging has on the overall environmental and sustainability profile of their detergent products. Detergent manufacturers are seeking to develop more environmentally friendly and sustainable detergent products. One approach is to use a very high percentage of paper in the detergent packaging. However, replacing existing packaging ingredients with such high amounts of paper leads to problems that need to be overcome.

Such problems include poor leakage protection, poor moisture protection and poor freshness profile. By forming a laminate structure using a very thin inner layer of polyethylene and/or propylene together with an outer layer of paper, a flexible bag that is predominantly made of paper can be used to package the water-soluble detergent articles to provide a detergent product having good leakage protection, good moisture protection and good freshness profile, as well as having an improved environmental profile.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides a detergent product comprising a flexible bag and water- soluble detergent articles, wherein the water-soluble detergent articles are contained inside the flexible bag, wherein the flexible bag comprises:

(a) from above 85wt% to 94wt% of a paper layer;

(b) from 3.0wt% to less than 10.0wt% of a polyalkylene layer selected from polyethylene and/or polypropylene layer having a thickness of from 6pm to 10pm; and

(c) from 3.0wt% to 6.0wt% recloseable zipper; and wherein the paper and polyalkylene layer are bonded together in a laminate structure with the paper layer being the outer layer and the polyalkylene layer being the inner layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Detergent Product

The detergent product comprises a flexible bag and water-soluble detergent articles. The water-soluble detergent articles are contained inside the flexible bag.

The flexible bag comprises:

(a) from above 85wt% to 94wt% (by weight of the flexible bag) of a paper layer;

(b) from 3.0wt% to less than 10.0wt% (by weight of the flexible bag) of a polyalkylene layer selected from polyethylene and/or polypropylene layer having a thickness of from 6pm to 10pm; and

(c) from 3.0wt% to 6.0wt% (by weight of the flexible bag) recloseable zipper.

The paper and polyalkylene layer are bonded together in a laminate structure with the paper layer being the outer layer and the polyalkylene layer being the inner layer.

The flexible bag may comprise from 3.0wt% to less than 10.0wt% of polyethylene. The polyethylene is preferably selected from the group consisting of: low-density polyethylene (LDPE), linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), and ultra- high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMW). Preferably, the polyethylene is high-density polyethylene (HDPE).

Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) can be preferred, and can lead to improved leakage control as well as improved moisture control of the product.

High-density polyethylene (HDPE) can be preferred, and can lead to improved moisture barrier, which in turn improves the moisture control of the product.

The flexible bag may comprise from 3.0wt% to less than 10.0wt% of polypropylene. The polypropylene is preferably oriented polypropylene (OPP). The oriented polypropylene can be metalized or non-metalized. Metalized oriented polypropylene can be preferred, and can lead to an especially beneficial scent barrier, which in turn improves the freshness profile of the product.

Preferably, the recloseable zipper is in contact with the polyethylene and/or polypropylene layer. Preferably, the average force required to open the recloseable zipper is less than 4.0 newtons per centimetre, or less than 3.0 newtons per centimetre.

Preferably, the zipper is a hook-hook zipper. Preferably, the zipper comprises at least three rows of hooks. Preferably, the at least three rows of hooks are positioned one on top of each other in the vertical plane, with each row running substantially across the width of the flexible bag in the horizonal plane. Preferably, the hooks are mushroom shaped.

The water-soluble detergent articles may be water-soluble automatic laundry detergent pouches, wherein the pouches comprise an automatic laundry detergent composition that is enclosed by a water-soluble film.

The water-soluble detergent articles may be water-soluble automatic dishwashing detergent pouches, wherein the pouches comprise an automatic dishwashing detergent composition that is enclosed by a water-soluble film.

Flexible Bag

The flexible bag comprises:

(a) from 85wt% to 94wt% (by weight of the flexible bag) of a paper layer;

(b) from 3.0wt% to less than 10.0wt% (by weight of the flexible bag) of a polyalkylene layer selected from polyethylene and/or polypropylene layer having a thickness of from 6pm to 10pm; and

(c) from 3.0wt% to 6.0wt% (by weight of the flexible bag) recloseable zipper.

Preferably, the average force required to open the recloseable zipper is less than 4.0 newtons per centimetre.

Preferably, the recloseable zipper is heat sealed to the polyethylene and/or polypropylene layer. Typically, the strength of the heat seal between the recloseable zipper and the polyethylene and/or polypropylene layer is from 10 N/inch to 40 N/inch, preferably from 20 N/inch to 30 N/inch.

Preferably, the recloseable zipper is located from 0.1cm to 0.5cm from the top of the flexible bag, this distance is typically from the top of the zipper to the top of the bag.

Preferably, the flexible bag does not comprise any tear opening strips.

Preferably, the flexible bag comprises at least 90wt% of a paper layer, or from 90wt% to 94wt% of a paper layer, or from greater than 90wt% to 94wt% of a paper layer.

Preferably, the flexible bag comprises from 4.0wt% to 8.0wt% of a polyethylene and/or polypropylene layer.

The flexible bag may comprise an adhesive strip, typically located on the inside of the bag. The adhesive strip may preferably comprise a perfume.

The adhesive strip can be any size or shape. Those skilled in the art will be aware of suitable sizes and shapes and how the appropriate choice of size and shape can contribute to the perfume release kinetics profile from the adhesive strip, for example, the larger the adhesive strip-air contact area the higher the perfume intensity build-up and the shorter the perfume longevity profile. Preferably, the adhesive strip is between 0.01g and 5g, preferably between 0.05g and 2g, more preferably between 0.1g and 1g, most preferably between 0.2g and 0.5g. The adhesive strip may be rectangular, square, oval, circular or a mixture thereof.

Preferably, the adhesive strip is a hot melt adhesive strip.

The adhesive strip preferably comprises a perfume. Preferably, the adhesive strip comprises between 10% and 80%, preferably between 20% and 70%, more preferably between 30% and 60%, most preferably between 40% and 55% by weight of the adhesive strip of the perfume.

Preferably, the adhesive strip comprises a copolymer of ethylene with at least another monomer comprising at least a heteroatom. All copolymers of ethylene with at least another monomer comprising at least a heteroatom are suitable for use herein. The copolymer of ethylene with at least another monomer comprising at least a heteroatom should be understood to also include blends of copolymers. The copolymer of ethylene with at least another monomer comprising at least a heteroatom is preferably present from 10% to 80%, more preferably from 15% to 60%, even more preferably from 20% to 50%, most preferably from 20% to 30% by weight of the adhesive strip.

The term "monomer comprising at least a heteroatom" includes all those monomers which comprise at least a C-X linkage wherein X is not C or H. Said C-X linkage is preferably a polar linkage. Preferably the carbon atom is linked to an N, S, F, Cl or O atom. More preferably said polar linkage is part of a carbonyl group and, more preferably, of an ester group. Preferred monomers comprising at least a heteroatom for the present invention are vinyl acetate, vinyl alcohol, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, acrylic acid and salts formed therefrom, methacrylic acid and salts formed therefrom, maleic anhydride, glycidyl methacrylate and carbon monoxide. Suitable copolymers for use herein can be both block and non-block copolymers, grafted copolymers, copolymers with side chains, crosslinked copolymers and copolymers where ethylene monomers are randomly copolymerized with monomers comprising at least a heteroatom. Preferred copolymers of ethylene include ethylene-vinyl ester copolymers, ethylene-acrylic ester copolymers, ethylene-methacrylic ester copolymers, ionomers, ethylene-acrylic acid copolymers, ethylene-methacrylic acid copolymers, ethylene-vinyl ester-acrylic acid copolymers, vinyl estermethacrylic acid copolymers, ethylene- vinyl ester-maleic anhydride copolymers, ethylene-acrylic ester-maleic anhydride copolymers, ethylene-vinyl ester-glycidyl methacrylate copolymers, ethylene-acrylic ester-glycidyl methacrylate copolymers, ethylene-maleic anhydride copolymers, ethylene-glycidyl methacrylate copolymers and mixtures thereof. More preferably the copolymer is an ethylene-vinyl ester copolymer or an ethylene-acrylic ester copolymer, most preferably an ethylene - vinyl acetate copolymer. The monomer comprising at least a heteroatom in the copolymers suitable for the present invention preferably represents from 10% to 80%, preferably from 15% to 60%, more preferably from 20% to 40% of the total weight of the copolymer. Particularly preferred copolymers include ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers such as those sold under the trade names Elvax™ by Dupont, Evathane™ by Atofina, Escorene™ by Exxon and Levapren™ and Levamelt™ by Bayer, and ethylene-acrylic ester copolymers such as those sold under the trade name LotryP™ by Atofina. Most preferred copolymers for use are ethylene - vinyl acetate copolymers sold under the trade name Elvax™ from Dupont, especially Elvax™ 250, Elvax™ 265, Elvax™ 40W, and mixtures thereof, most preferably Elvax™ 250. Elvax™ 250, a poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) with a vinyl acetate content of 28 wt%, a density of 0.95 g/cm ³ (ASTM D792), a melting point of 70°C (ASTMD3418), a melt flow rate (190°C/2.16kg) of 25 g/lOmin (ASTM D1238) and a Vicat Softening Point of 42 °C (ASTM D1525).

Preferably, the adhesive strip comprises a plasticizer. The plasticizer should be understood to include mixtures of plasticizers. Preferably, the plasticizer comprises at least one heteroatom, wherein the heteroatom is compatible with the copolymer of ethylene with at least another monomer comprising at least a heteroatom. The term "plasticizer comprising at least a heteroatom" includes all those plasticizers which comprise at least a C-X linkage in the molecule wherein X is not C or H. Said C-X linkage is preferably a polar linkage. Preferably the carbon atom is linked to a N, S, F, Cl or O atom. More preferably said polar linkage is part of a carbonyl group and, more preferably, of an ester group. The plasticizer is preferably present in the adhesive strip between 1% and 50%, preferably between 2% to 35%, more preferably between 3 and 25%, most preferably between 4% and 10% by weight of the adhesive strip. The different polarity of the different compatible plasticisers (measurable with any method known to those skilled in the art, for example water/octanol partition coefficient) can be used to tune the polarity of the polymeric matrix in order to provide a better match with the polarity of the volatile perfume material. Suitable plasticizers for use herein include citric acid esters, low molecular weight polyesters, polyethers, liquid rosin esters, aromatic sulfonamides, phthalates, benzoates, sucrose esters, derivatives of polyfunctional alcohols (where polyfunctional means having 2 or more hydroxyl groups), adipates, tartrates, sebacates, esters of phosphoric acid, fatty acids and diacids, fatty alcohols and diols, epoxidized vegetable oils, and mixtures thereof. Preferably the plasticizer is an ester compound, more preferably selected from citric acid esters and liquid rosin esters, most preferably liquid rosin esters. Suitable plasticizers for use are CitrofolTM BII (tributyl O-acetylcitrate, ATBC) and ForalynTM 5020-F (methyl ester of hydrogenated rosin, Eastman), preferably ForalynTM 5020-F. The polymeric adhesive strip may comprise additional optional components to further improve the processability of the compositions and also the mechanical characteristics as well as other characteristics as tackiness, resistance to ageing by light, oxygen and heat, visual appearance of the objects formed from such polymeric compositions. One such optional component may include other copolymers that can be included in the formulations to improve their properties for example to increase adhesion or compatibility with substrates, e.g. so called tackifiers.

The adhesive strip may comprise a tackifer. Preferably, the adhesive strip comprises between 1% and 50%, preferably between 2% and 35%, more preferably between 3-25%, most preferably between 10 and 20% by weight of the adhesive strip of a tackifier. Preferably, the tackifier is selected from copolymers of styrene and at least one other vinyl or acrylic monomer, copolymers of poly(vinyl alcohol), polyamides, polyether amide copolymers, polyester amide copolymers, polyesters, polyether ester copolymers, polyurethanes, polyethers, poly(2-ethyl-2- oxazoline), copolymers of poly(vinyl pyrrolidone), polyacrylates, copolymers of polyvinyl ethers), hydrocarbon resins, hydrogenated rosins, and mixtures thereof. Suitable tackifiers include Kristalex™ F85 (hydrocarbon resin, Eastman) and Foral™ AX-E (fully hydrogenated rosin, Eastman), preferably Kristalex™ F85.

The adhesive strip may comprise an antioxidant, preferably in an amount between 0.001% and 1%, preferably between 0.01% and 0.5%, more preferably between 0.05% and 0.25%, most preferably between 0.075% and 0.15% by weight of the adhesive strip. Most preferred antioxidants include phenolic antioxidants and mixtures thereof. Suitable antioxidants include Irganox™ 1076 (Octadecyl-3-(3,5 -di-tert.-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionate, BASF) and Irganox™ B225 (a blend of 50% Irgafos™ 168 - Tris(2,4-di-tert.-butylphenyl)phosphite and 50% Irganox™ 1010 - Pentaerythritol tetrakis(3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate), BASF), most preferably Irganox™ 1076.

Preferably, the adhesive strip comprises between 40% and 55% of a perfume, between 20% and 30% of an ethylene - vinyl acetate copolymer, between 4% and 10% of a plasticizer, between 10% and 20% of a tackifier and between 0.075% and 0.15% of an antioxidant, all % by weight of the adhesive strip.

Those skilled in the art will be well aware of how to make an adhesive strip according to the present invention.

The preferred hot melt adhesive compositions for use herein, due to their rheology and to their adhesion properties, are particularly useful to be applied in the molten state onto a selected substrate, and directly adhered thereto. The polymeric composition can be applied by means of a conventional hot melt delivery system. This system typically includes a melting unit, which maintains the hot melt at the temperature required to have a processable viscosity. The melting unit typically contains a pumping system capable of pumping the hot melt through a length of hose until it reaches the glue gun, or nozzle. The nozzle can have different geometries according to the desired application form of the glue (coatings, stripes, beads etc). Typically, a slot nozzle can be used as the glue gun.

Paper Layer

A suitable paper layer has a thickness of from 50pm to 200pm, preferably 100pm to 200pm, more preferably 125pm to 175pm.

A suitable paper layer has a weight of from 70gsm to 200gsm, or from 70gsm to 170gsm, or even from 70gsm to 150gsm.

The paper layer can be pre-treated. Suitable pre-treatments include bleaching, filling, contrast enhancing, or any combination thereof.

An illustration can be printed onto the paper layer.

A preferred paper layer can comprise kraft paper.

The paper layer can comprise recycled paper.

Polyethylene and/or polypropylene layer

Any suitable polyethylene can be used. Suitable polyethylene is selected from: ultra high molecular weight polyethylene; ultra low molecular weight polyethylene; high molecular weight polyethylene; high density polyethylene (HDPE); high density cross-linked polyethylene; crosslinked polyethylene; medium-density polyethylene; linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE); low density polyethylene (LDPE); very low density polyethylene; chlorinated polyethylene; and any combination thereof.

Preferred polyethylene is selected from: high density polyethylene (HDPE); linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE); low density polyethylene (LDPE); and any combination thereof.

A particularly preferred polyethylene is selected from: high density polyethylene (HDPE); low density polyethylene (LDPE); and any combination thereof.

A particularly preferred polyethylene is low density polyethylene (LDPE).

Any suitable polypropylene can be used. A suitable polypropylene is oriented polypropylene (OPP). A suitable oriented polypropylene is a metalized oriented polypropylene (mOPP). The oriented polypropylene may also be non-metalized. Adhesive layer

Preferably, the flexible bag comprises from 0.5wt% to 2.0wt% adhesive layer. Typically, the adhesive layer is positioned between the inner polyalkylene layer and the outer paper layer.

A suitable adhesive layer is polyurethane.

Recloseable Zipper

Preferably, the zipper is a hook-hook zipper. A suitable hook-hook zipper comprises at least three rows of hooks, preferably at least four rows of hooks, preferably at least five rows of hooks, preferably at least six rows of hooks, and preferably from three to twenty rows of hooks, or from three to ten rows of hooks, or from four to eight rows of hooks. Typically, the rows of hooks are positioned one on top of each other in the vertical plane, with each row running substantially across the width of the flexible bag in the horizonal plane.

Preferably, the average force required to open the recloseable zipper is less than 4.0 newtons per centimetre, preferably less than 3.0 newtons per centimetre, and preferably from 1.0 newtons per centimetre to less than 4.0 newtons per centimetre, more preferably from 1.0 newtons per centimetre to 3.0 newtons per centimetre.

Care must be taken to control the force required to open these recloseable zippers when the detergent package comprises high levels of paper. Existing zippers that are used with other materials, such as plastic, can tear from the paper-based package when the consumer attempts to open the closed zipper. There is a high risk that the zipper becomes separated from the packaging layer(s). Such broken packaging is then defect and cannot protect the detergent articles. Modification of the zipper is needed for these paper-based detergent packages, especially when the detergent articles contained therein are water-soluble, especially water-soluble detergent articles such as automatic dishwashing detergent pouches. Using recloseable zippers that require very low opening forces in such detergent packaging is advantageous.

Preferably, the hooks are mushroom shaped. Suitable mushroom shaped hooks have a maximum diameter at the head and a minimum diameter at the stalk. Suitable mushroom shaped stalks have a ratio of maximum diameter to minimum diameter of from greater than 1.0: 1 to 3.0: 1, preferably from 1.5: 1 to 2.0: 1. Typically, decreasing this ratio lowers the force required to open the zipper. Preferably, the diameter of the head of the mushroom shaped hook is from 0.5mm to 0.8mm, the diameter of the stalk of the mushroom shaped hook is from 0.2mm to 0.4mm, and preferably the height of the mushroom shaped hook is from 0.5mm to 1.0mm.

Preferably, the recloseable zipper is made from polyethylene. Water-Soluble Detergent Article

The water-soluble detergent article can be a dishwashing detergent pouch or a laundry detergent pouch, preferably an automatic dishwashing detergent pouch.

Dishwashing Detergent Pouch

The dishwashing detergent pouch can be a water-soluble automatic dishwashing detergent pouch.

Water-soluble automatic dishwashing detergent pouch.

The pouch typically comprises an automatic dishwashing detergent composition that is enclosed by a water-soluble film.

The pouch can be a single compartment pouch comprising only one compartment. Typically for this embodiment, the automatic dishwashing detergent composition is contained within this single compartment.

The pouch may also be a multi-compartment pouch, comprising more than one compartment. Typically, these separate compartments are separated by water-soluble film.

The multi-compartment pouch may have a side-by-side configuration. In this manner, the separate compartments are typically sealed together so that at least one compartment is side by side to another compartment. The side-by-side configuration may be foldable between adjacent compartments to facilitate placement of the multi-compartment pouch into a dishwashing detergent receptacle.

The multi-compartment pouch may have a superposed configuration. In this manner, the separate compartments are typically sealed together so that at least one compartment is superposed on top of another compartment.

Multi-compartment pouches can be preferred when the automatic dishwashing detergent composition comprises both a solid component and a liquid component. The multi -compartment pouch can comprise the liquid component in one or more separate compartments to the solid component. However, multi-compartment pouches can also be suitable when the automatic dishwashing detergent composition comprises only a solid component or only a liquid component.

Single compartment pouches can be preferred when the automatic dishwashing detergent composition comprises only a solid component or only a liquid component. However, single compartment pouches can also be suitable when the automatic dishwashing detergent composition comprises both a solid component and a liquid component, for example, the solid component may be a discontinuous phase that is dispersed within the liquid component that is a continuous phase, or the liquid component is in the form of a gel and is in direct contact with, such as layered onto, the powder component.

The multi-compartment pouch may comprise two or more compartments, or three or more compartments, or four or more compartments, or five or more compartments, or even six or more compartments, and preferably from 2 to 10 compartments, or from 3 to 9 compartments, or from 4 to 8 compartments, or even from 5 to 7 compartments.

It may be preferred for the compartments comprising the liquid component to be in a side- by-side configuration.

It may be preferred for the compartment(s) comprising the liquid component to be superposed on top of the compartment(s) comprising the solid component.

It may be preferred for the compartment(s) comprising the liquid component to be positioned in a side-by-side configuration with the compartment(s) comprising the solid component

It may be preferred for the solid component to be contained within only one single compartment within the pouch.

It may be preferred for the liquid component to be contained within two or more compartments within the pouch, or even three or more compartments, or four or more compartments, or five or more compartments, or even six or more compartments, and preferably from 2 to 10 compartments, or from 3 to 9 compartments, or from 4 to 8 compartments, or even from 5 to 7 compartments.

It may be preferred for the solid component to be contained within only one single compartment within the pouch, and it may be preferred for the liquid component to be contained within two or more compartments within the pouch, or even three or more compartments, or four or more compartments, or five or more compartments, or even six or more compartments, and preferably from 2 to 10 compartments, or from 3 to 9 compartments, or from 4 to 8 compartments, or even from 5 to 7 compartments.

It may be preferred for the compartment(s) that contain the liquid component to be superposed on top of the compartment(s) that contain the solid component. If the liquid component is contained within more than one compartment, it may be preferred for these compartments to be in a side-by-side configuration. If the solid component is contained within more than one compartment, it may be preferred for these compartments to be in a side-by-side configuration

Typically, the pouch has the following dimensions:

(i) a maximum length of from 30mm to 90mm; (ii) a maximum width of from 30mm to 54mm;

(iii) a maximum height of from 8mm to 41mm; and

(iv) a total internal compartment volume of from 10ml to 199ml.

Typically, the weight of the pouch is in the range of from 10g to 30g, preferably from 11g to 26g, or from 12g to 24g, or even from 13g to 20g.

Typically, the pouch comprises from 9.0g to 29.7g, or from 10.0g to 25.7g, or from 11.0g to 23.7g, or from 12.0g to 19.7g of the automatic dishwashing detergent composition.

The automatic detergent dishwashing detergent composition can be made up of from 0.5g to 10g, or from 0.6g to 9.0g, or from 0.7g to 8 0g, or from 0.8g to 7.0g, or from 0.9g to 6.0g, or from 0.9g to 5.0g, or from 1.0g to 4.0g liquid component.

The automatic detergent dishwashing detergent composition can be made up of from 4.0g to 28g, or from 5.0g to 26g, or from 6.0g to 24g, or from 7.0g to 22g, or from 8.0g to 20g, or from 10g to 18g, or from 13g to 16g solid component.

Typically, the pouch comprises from 0.3g to 1.0g, or from 0.35g to 0.9g, or from 0.4g to 0.8g, or from 0.5g to 0.7g water-soluble film.

Automatic dishwashing detergent composition.

Typically, the composition is in solid form and/or liquid form. Preferably, the composition comprises a solid component and a liquid component. The solid component and/or liquid component are typically contained within separate compartments within the pouch. Typically, these separate compartments are separated by water-soluble film. These separate compartments can be in a side-by-side configuration, or (and preferably) in a superposed configuration. Typically, the compartment(s) containing the liquid component is/are superposed on top of the compartment(s) comprising the solid component. The solid component is typically contained within one compartment within the pouch. The liquid component is typically contained within more than one compartment within the pouch, such as two or more compartments, or three or more compartments, or four or more compartments, or five or more compartments, or even six or more compartments, and preferably from 2 to 10 compartments, or from 3 to 9 compartments, or from 4 to 8 compartments, or even from 5 to 7 compartments.

The liquid component, or part thereof, may be contained within a compartment that also contains the solid component, or part thereof. It may be preferred that the liquid component, or part thereof, forms a continuous phase within the compartment, and the solid component, or part thereof, forms a discontinuous phase. The solid component, or part thereof, may be in the form of a free-flowing powder, or a tablet, preferably a free-flowing powder. The free-flowing powder may be compressed when contained in a compartment of the pouch.

The solid component, especially when in free-flowing powder form, can have a bulk density in the range of from 400g/l to 1200g/l, or from 600g/l to 1000g/l .

The liquid component, or part thereof, may be a free-flowing liquid, or may be a viscous liquid. The liquid component, or part thereof, may be a gel.

The liquid component, or part thereof, can have a viscosity in the range of from 50cP to 750cP, or from lOOcP to 500cP.

Viscosity is typically measured using a rheometer. The viscosity is typically measured at a function of shear rate of from 1.0s' ¹ to 1500s' ¹ , and at a temperature of from 10°C to 30°C.

The composition typically comprises one or more of an alkalinity system, a bleach system, a builder system, a chelant system, an enzyme system, a polymer system, and a surfactant system. The composition can also include other detergent ingredients.

Solid detergent ingredients are typically comprised by the solid component. Liquid detergent ingredients are typically comprised by the liquid component. However, a liquid detergent ingredient can be formulated into a solid particle: e.g., by loading onto a solid carrier material, or a liquid ingredient can be sprayed-on or agglomerated into the solid component. In this manner, a liquid detergent ingredient can be comprised by the solid component.

The alkalinity system, or part thereof, can be comprised by the liquid component and/or the solid component. Typically, the alkalinity system, or part thereof, is comprised by the solid component.

The bleach system, or part thereof, can be comprised by the liquid component and/or the solid component. Typically, the bleach system, or part thereof, is comprised by the solid component.

The builder system, or part thereof, can be comprised by the liquid component and/or the solid component. Typically, the builder system, or part thereof, is comprised by the solid component.

The chelant system, or part thereof, can be comprised by the liquid component and/or the solid component. Typically, the chelant system, or part thereof, is comprised by the solid component.

The enzyme system, or part thereof, can be comprised by the liquid component and/or the solid component. The enzyme system, or part thereof, may be comprised by the liquid component. The enzyme system, or part thereof, may be comprised by the solid component. Part of the enzyme system may be comprised by the liquid component and part of the enzyme system may be comprised by the solid component.

The polymer system, or part thereof, can be comprised by the liquid component and/or the solid component. The polymer system, or part thereof, may be comprised by the solid component. Part of the polymer system may be comprised by the liquid component and part of the polymer system may be comprised by the solid component.

The surfactant system, or part thereof, can be comprised by the liquid component and/or the solid component. The surfactant system, or part thereof, may be comprised by the liquid component. The surfactant system, or part thereof, may be comprised by the solid component. Part of the surfactant system may be comprised by the liquid component and part of the surfactant system may be comprised by the solid component.

The composition, upon dissolution in deionized water at 20°C to a concentration of 1.0g/l, may have an equilibrium pH in the range of from 3.0 to 12.0, or from 5.0 to 12.0, or from 6.0 to 12.0, or from 7.0 to 12.0, or from above 7.0 to 12.0, or from 8.0 to 12.0, or from 9.0 to 12.0, or from 10.0 to 12.0, or from 10.0 to 11.5, or from 10.0 to 11.0.

In use, the composition, upon contact with water, may form a wash liquor having a pH profile in the range of from 3.0 to 12.0, or from 5.0 to 12.0, or from 6.0 to 12.0, or from 7.0 to 12.0, or from above 7.0 to 12.0, or from 8.0 to 12.0, or from 9.0 to 12.0, or from 10.0 to 12.0, or from 10.0 to 11.5, or from 10.0 to 11.0.

Water-soluble film.

The water-soluble film preferably has a thickness of from 20 to 150 microns, preferably from 35 to 125 microns, or even more preferably from 50 to 110 microns, most preferably about 76 microns.

The water-soluble film is typically soluble or dispersible in water. Preferably, the film has a water-solubility of at least 50%, preferably at least 75% or even at least 95%, as measured by the method set out here after using a glass-filter with a maximum pore size of 20 microns: 5 grams ± 0.1 gram of film material is added in a pre-weighed 3L beaker and 2L ± 5ml of distilled water is added. This is stirred vigorously on a magnetic stirrer, Labline model No. 1250 or equivalent and 5 cm magnetic stirrer, set at 600 rpm, for 30 minutes at 30°C. Then, the mixture is filtered through a folded qualitative sintered-glass filter with a pore size as defined above (max. 20 micron). The water is dried off from the collected filtrate by any conventional method, and the weight of the remaining material is determined (which is the dissolved or dispersed fraction). Then, the percentage solubility (or dispersibility) can be calculated. The water-soluble film material may be obtained by casting, blow-moulding, extrusion or blown extrusion of the polymeric material, as known in the art.

The water-soluble film preferably comprises polyvinylalcohol (PVA). The polyvinylalcohol may be present between 50% and 95%, preferably between 55% and 90%, more preferably between 60% and 80% by weight of the water-soluble film. The polyvinylalcohol preferably comprises polyvinyl alcohol homopolymer, polyvinylalcohol copolymer, or a mixture thereof. Preferably, the water-soluble film comprises a blend of polyvinylalcohol homopolymers and/or anionic polyvinylalcohol copolymers, preferably wherein the polyvinylalcohol copolymers are selected from sulphonated and carboxylated anionic polyvinylalcohol copolymers especially carboxylated anionic polyvinylalcohol copolymers, most preferably the water-soluble film comprises a blend of a polyvinylalcohol homopolymer and a carboxylated anionic polyvinylalcohol copolymer, or a blend of polyvinylalcohol homopolymers. Alternatively, the polyvinylalcohol comprises an anionic polyvinyl alcohol copolymer, most preferably a carboxylated anionic polyvinylalcohol copolymer. When the polyvinylalcohol in the water-soluble film is a blend of a polyvinylalcohol homopolymer and a carboxylated anionic polyvinylalcohol copolymer, the homopolymer and the anionic copolymer are present in a relative weight ratio of 90/10 to 10/90, preferably 80/20 to 20/80, more preferably 70/30 to 50/50. Without wishing to be bound by theory, the term “homopolymer” generally includes polymers having a single type of monomeric repeating unit (e.g., a polymeric chain comprising or consisting of a single monomeric repeating unit). For the case of polyvinylalcohol, the term “homopolymer” typically further includes copolymers having a distribution of vinyl alcohol monomer units and optionally vinyl acetate monomer units, depending on the degree of hydrolysis (e.g., a polymeric chain comprising or consisting of vinyl alcohol and vinyl acetate monomer units). In the case of 100% hydrolysis, a polyvinylalcohol homopolymer can include only vinyl alcohol units. Without wishing to be bound by theory, the term “copolymer” generally includes polymers having two or more types of monomeric repeating units (e.g., a polymeric chain comprising or consisting of two or more different monomeric repeating units, whether as random copolymers, block copolymers, etc.). For the particular case of polyvinylalcohol, the term “copolymer” (or “polyvinylalcohol copolymer”) typically further includes copolymers having a distribution of vinyl alcohol monomer units and vinyl acetate monomer units, depending on the degree of hydrolysis, as well as at least one other type of monomeric repeating unit (e.g., a ter- (or higher) polymeric chain comprising or consisting of vinyl alcohol monomer units, vinyl acetate monomer units, and one or more other monomer units, for example anionic monomer units). In the case of 100% hydrolysis, a polyvinylalcohol copolymer can include a copolymer having vinyl alcohol units and one or more other monomer units, but no vinyl acetate units. Without wishing to be bound by theory, the term “anionic copolymer” includes copolymers having an anionic monomer unit comprising an anionic moiety. General classes of anionic monomer units which can be used for the anionic polyvinyl alcohol copolymer include the vinyl polymerization units corresponding to monocarboxylic acid vinyl monomers, their esters and anhydrides, dicarboxylic monomers having a polymerizable double bond, their esters and anhydrides, vinyl sulfonic acid monomers, and alkali metal salts of any of the foregoing. Examples of suitable anionic monomer units include the vinyl polymerization units corresponding to vinyl anionic monomers including vinyl acetic acid, maleic acid, monoalkyl maleate, dialkyl maleate, monomethyl maleate, dimethyl maleate, maleic anyhydride, fumaric acid, monoalkyl fumarate, dialkyl fumarate, monomethyl fumarate, dimethyl fumarate, fumaric anyhydride, itaconic acid, monomethyl itaconate, dimethyl itaconate, itaconic anhydride, vinyl sulfonic acid, allyl sulfonic acid, ethylene sulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-l -methylpropanesulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, 2-methylacrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, 2-sufoethyl acrylate, alkali metal salts of the foregoing (e.g., sodium, potassium, or other alkali metal salts), esters of the foregoing (e.g., methyl, ethyl, or other C1-C4 or C6 alkyl esters), and combinations thereof (e.g., multiple types of anionic monomers or equivalent forms of the same anionic monomer). The anionic monomer may be one or more acrylamido methylpropanesulfonic acids (e.g., 2-acrylamido-l -methylpropanesulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2- methylpropanesulfonic acid, 2-methylacrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid), alkali metal salts thereof (e.g., sodium salts), and combinations thereof. Preferably, the anionic moiety of the first anionic monomer unit is selected from a sulphonate, a carboxylate, or a mixture thereof, more preferably a carboxylate, most preferably an acrylate, a methacrylate, a maleate, or a mixture thereof. Preferably, the anionic monomer unit is present in the anionic polyvinyl alcohol copolymer in an average amount in a range of between 1 mol.% and 10 mol.%, preferably between 2 mol.% and 5 mol.%.

Preferably, the polyvinyl alcohol, and/or in case of polyvinylalcohol blends the individual polyvinylalcohol polymers, have an average viscosity (pl) in a range of between 4 mPa.s and 30 mPa.s, preferably between lOmPa.s and 25 mPa.s, measured as a 4% polyvinyl alcohol polymer solution in demineralized water at 20°C.

The viscosity of a polyvinyl alcohol polymer is typically determined by measuring a freshly made solution using a Brookfield LV type viscometer with UL adapter as described in British Standard EN ISO 15023-2:2006 Annex E Brookfield Test method. It is international practice to state the viscosity of 4% aqueous polyvinyl alcohol solutions at 20°C. It is well known in the art that the viscosity of an aqueous water-soluble polymer solution (polyvinylalcohol or otherwise) is correlated with the weight-average molecular weight of the same polymer, and often the viscosity is used as a proxy for weight-average molecular weight. Thus, the weight-average molecular weight of the polyvinylalcohol can be in a range of 30,000 to 175,000, or 30,000 to 100,000, or 55,000 to 80,000.

Preferably, the polyvinyl alcohol, and/or in case of polyvinylalcohol blends the individual polyvinylalcohol polymers, have an average degree of hydrolysis in a range of between 75% and 99%, preferably between 80% and 95%, most preferably between 85% and 95%.

A suitable test method to measure the degree of hydrolysis is as according to standard method JIS K6726.

Preferably, the water-soluble film comprises a non-aqueous plasticizer. Preferably, the nonaqueous plasticizer is selected from polyols, sugar alcohols, and mixtures thereof. Suitable polyols include polyols selected from the group consisting of glycerol, diglycerin, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethyleneglycol, tetraethylene glycol, polyethylene glycols up to 400 molecular weight, neopentyl glycol, 1,2-propylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, dipropylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, 2-methyl-l,3-propanediol, trimethylolpropane and polyether polyols, or a mixture thereof. Suitable sugar alcohols include sugar alcohols selected from the group consisting of isomalt, maltitol, sorbitol, xylitol, erythritol, adonitol, dulcitol, pentaerythritol and mannitol, or a mixture thereof. More preferably the non-aqueous plasticizer is selected from glycerol, 1,2- propanediol, dipropylene glycol, 2-methyl- 1,3 -propanediol, trimethylolpropane, tri ethyleneglycol, polyethyleneglycol, sorbitol, or a mixture thereof, most preferably selected from glycerol, sorbitol, trimethylolpropane, dipropylene glycol, and mixtures thereof. One particularly suitable plasticizer system includes a blend of glycerol, sorbitol and trimethylol propane. Another particularly suitable plasticizer system includes a blend of glycerin, dipropylene glycol, and sorbitol. Preferably, the film comprises between 5% and 50%, preferably between 10% and 40%, more preferably between 20% and 30% by weight of the film of the non-aqueous plasticizer.

Preferably, the water-soluble film comprises a surfactant. Preferably, the water-soluble film comprises a surfactant in an amount between 0.1% and 2.5%, preferably between 1% and 2% by weight of the water-soluble film. Suitable surfactants can include the nonionic, cationic, anionic and zwitterionic classes. Suitable surfactants include, but are not limited to, polyoxyethylenated polyoxypropylene glycols, alcohol ethoxylates, alkylphenol ethoxylates, tertiary acetylenic glycols and alkanolamides (nonionics), polyoxyethylenated amines, quaternary ammonium salts and quatemized polyoxyethylenated amines (cationics), and amine oxides, N-alkylbetaines and sulfobetaines (zwitterionics). Other suitable surfactants include dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate, lactylated fatty acid esters of glycerol and propylene glycol, lactylic esters of fatty acids, sodium alkyl sulfates, polysorbate 20, polysorbate 60, polysorbate 65, polysorbate 80, lecithin, acetylated fatty acid esters of glycerol and propylene glycol, and acetylated esters of fatty acids, and combinations thereof.

Preferably, the water-soluble film comprises lubricants / release agents. Suitable lubricants/release agents include fatty acids and their salts, fatty alcohols, fatty esters, fatty amines, fatty amine acetates and fatty amides. Preferred lubricants/release agents are fatty acids, fatty acid salts, and fatty amine acetates. The amount of lubricant/release agent in the water-soluble film is typically in a range of from 0.02% to 1.5%, preferably from 0.1% to 1% by weight of the water- soluble film.

Preferably, the water-soluble film comprises fillers, extenders, antiblocking agents, detackifying agents or a mixture thereof. Suitable fillers, extenders, antiblocking agents, detackifying agents or a mixture thereof include starches, modified starches, crosslinked polyvinylpyrrolidone, crosslinked cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, silica, metallic oxides, calcium carbonate, talc and mica. Preferred materials are starches, modified starches and silica.

Preferably, the amount of filler, extender, antiblocking agent, detackifying agent or mixture thereof in the water-soluble film is in a range of from 0.1% to 25%, preferably from 1% to 10%, more preferably from 2% to 8%, most preferably from 3% to 5% by weight of the water-soluble film. In the absence of starch, one preferred range for a suitable filler, extender, antiblocking agent, detackifying agent or mixture thereof is from 0.1% to 1%, preferably 4%, more preferably 6%, even more preferably from 1% to 4%, most preferably from 1% to 2.5%, by weight of the water- soluble film.

Preferably the water-soluble film has a residual moisture content of at least 4%, more preferably in a range of from 4% to 15%, even more preferably of from 5% to 10% by weight of the water-soluble film, typically as measured by Karl Fischer titration.

Preferred water-soluble films exhibit good dissolution in cold water, meaning unheated distilled water. Preferably, such water-soluble films exhibit good dissolution at temperatures of 24°C, even more preferably at 10°C. By good dissolution it is typically meant that the water-soluble film exhibits a water-solubility of at least 50%, preferably at least 75% or even at least 95%, as measured by the method set out here after using a glass-filter with a maximum pore size of 20 microns, described above.

Preferred films include those supplied by Monosol under the trade references M8630, M8900, M8779, M8310.

The film may be opaque, transparent, or translucent. The film may comprise a printed area. The area of print may be achieved using standard techniques, such as flexographic printing or inkjet printing. Preferably, the ink used in the printed area comprises between Oppm and 20ppm, preferably between Oppm and 15ppm, more preferably between Oppm and lOppm, even more preferably between Oppm and 5ppm, even more preferably between Oppm and Ippm, even more preferably between Oppb and lOOppb, most preferably Oppb dioxane. Those skilled in the art will be aware of known methods and techniques to determine the dioxane level within the ink formulations.

The film may comprise an aversive agent, for example a bittering agent. Suitable bittering agents include, but are not limited to, naringin, sucrose octaacetate, quinine hydrochloride, denatonium benzoate, or mixtures thereof. Any suitable level of aversive agent may be used in the film. Suitable levels include, but are not limited to, 1 to 5000ppm, or even 100 to 2500ppm, or even 250 to 2000ppm.

Preferably, the water-soluble film or water-soluble unit dose article or both are coated in a lubricating agent, preferably, wherein the lubricating agent is selected from talc, zinc oxide, silicas, siloxanes, zeolites, silicic acid, alumina, sodium sulphate, potassium sulphate, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, sodium citrate, sodium tripolyphosphate, potassium citrate, potassium tripolyphosphate, calcium stearate, zinc stearate, magnesium stearate, starch, modified starches, clay, kaolin, gypsum, cyclodextrins or mixtures thereof.

Preferably, the water-soluble film, and each individual component thereof, independently comprises between Oppm and 20ppm, preferably between Oppm and 15ppm, more preferably between Oppm and lOppm, even more preferably between Oppm and 5ppm, even more preferably between Oppm and Ippm, even more preferably between Oppb and lOOppb, most preferably Oppb dioxane. Those skilled in the art will be aware of known methods and techniques to determine the dioxane level within water-soluble films and ingredients thereof.

Detergent ingredients

Suitable detergent ingredients can be described in terms of systems. The composition typically comprises one or more of an alkalinity system, a bleach system, a builder system, a chelant system, an enzyme system, a polymer system, and a surfactant system. Suitable detergent ingredients can also include other detergent ingredients.

Alkalinity system.

The alkalinity system typically achieves the target pH profile of the composition. The pH profile of the composition impacts the cleaning profile of the composition. Alkalinity typically provides soil swelling and soil dispersion performance, as well as providing the optimal pH for other detergent ingredients to work, such as the bleach system, builder system, chelant system and enzyme system.

The composition typically comprises from 1.0g to 10g alkalinity system. The amount of alkalinity system is typically determined by the desired pH profile of the composition.

The composition may comprise, by weight of the composition, from 10wt% to 35wt%, or from 1 lwt% to 34wt%, or from 25wt% to 36wt%, or from 25wt% to 35wt% alkaline system.

The solid component may comprise, by weight of the solid component, from 10wt% to 35wt%, or from l lwt% to 34wt%, or from 25wt% to 36wt%, or from 25wt% to 35wt% alkaline system.

Any suitable source of alkalinity can be used. Suitable sources of alkalinity are organic alkaline ingredients and inorganic alkaline ingredients.

A suitable alkalinity system comprises ingredients selected from carbonate salts, silicate salts, and sources of hydroxide anions.

The composition can comprise from 1.0g to 10g carbonate salt.

Preferred carbonate salts are selected from alkali metal salts of carbonate and/or alkaline earth metal salts of carbonate. Preferred carbonate salts are selected from magnesium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, and any combination thereof, most preferably sodium carbonate.

Preferably, the composition comprises from 1.0g to 10g sodium carbonate.

The composition can comprise from 0.1g to 5.0g silicate salt.

The composition may comprise, by weight of the composition, from 1.0wt% to 20wt%, or from 1.0wt% to 17wt% silicate salt.

The solid component may comprise, by weight of the solid component, from 3.0wt% to 20wt%, or from 3.0wt% to 18wt% silicate salt.

The liquid component may comprise, by weight of the liquid component, from 20wt% to 50wt% silicate salt.

Preferred silicate salts are selected from alkali metal salts of silicate and/or alkaline earth metal salts of silicate. Preferred silicate salts are selected from magnesium silicate, potassium silicate, sodium silicate, and any combination thereof, most preferably sodium silicate. Preferred sodium silicates have a weight ratio SiCh to Na2O ratio of from 1.0: 1 to 3.5: 1, preferably from 1.5: 1 to 2.5: 1, most preferably 2.0: 1 (sodium di silicate).

Preferably, the composition comprises from 0.1g to 5.0g sodium silicate. The composition may comprise from 0.01g to 2.0g source of hydroxide.

The composition may comprise, by weight of the composition, from 0.10wt% to 10wt%, or from 0.10wt% to 8.0wt%, or from 0.1 lwt% to 6.7wt% source of hydroxide.

Preferred sources of hydroxide are selected from alkali metal hydroxide and/or alkaline earth metal hydroxide. Preferred sources of hydroxide are selected from magnesium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, and any combination thereof, most preferably sodium hydroxide.

Bleach system.

Typically, the bleach system provides cleaning and disinfection benefits.

Typically, the composition comprises from 0.1g to 10g bleach system.

The composition may comprise, by weight of the composition, from 1.0wt% to 40wt%, or from 1.0wt% to 35wt%, or from 1.0wt% to 33.7wt% bleach system.

The solid component may comprise, by weight of the solid component, from 2.5wt% to 35.7wt% bleach system.

The bleach system typically comprises a source of peroxygen, often in combination with a bleach activator and/or a bleach catalyst.

Typically, the composition comprises from 0.1g to 10g, or from 1.0g to 8.0g, or from 2.0g to 6.0g source of peroxygen.

Any suitable source of peroxygen can be used. A suitable source of peroxygen is a perhydrate salt, especially alkali metal perhydrate salts and/or alkaline earth metal perhydrate salts, preferably alkali metal perhydrate salts. Suitable perhydrate salts are selected from perborate salt, percarbonate salt, perphosphate salt, persilicate salt, persulfate salt and any combination thereof.

The perhydrate salt may be a crystalline solid without additional protection. Alternatively, the perhydrate salt can be coated. Suitable coatings are selected from sodium carbonate, sodium silicate, sodium sulphate, and any combination thereof.

A preferred perhydrate salt is an alkali metal percarbonate, especially preferred is sodium percarbonate. The percarbonate is preferably in a coated form. The coating provides in-product stability.

The composition may comprise from 1.0g to 10g, or from 2.0g to 6.0g sodium percarbonate.

The composition may comprise, by weight of the composition, from 10wt% to 35wt%, or from 1 lwt% to 34wt% sodium percarbonate. The solid component may comprise, by weight of the solid component, from 25wt% to 40wt%, or from 25wt% to 36wt% sodium percarbonate.

Another suitable source of peroxygen is a pre-formed peracid. A preferred pre-formed peracid is phthalimidoperoxycaproic acid (PAP).

The composition may comprise from 0.1g to 5.0g phthalimidoperoxycaproic acid (PAP).

The composition may comprise, by weight of the composition, from 1.0wt% to 20wt%, or from 1.0wt% to 17wt% phthalimidoperoxycaproic acid (PAP).

The solid component may comprise, by weight of the solid component, from 2.5wt% to 20wt%, or from 2.5wt% to 18wt% phthalimidoperoxycaproic acid (PAP).

The composition may comprise a bleach activator. The composition may comprise from 0.05g to 2.0g, preferably from 0.1g to 2.0g, bleach activator.

The composition may comprise, by weight of the composition, from 0.5wt% to 10wt%, or from 0.5wt% to 7.0wt% bleach activator.

Any suitable bleach activator can be used. Bleach activators are typically used to enhance the bleaching performance at temperatures of 60°C and below.

A suitable bleach activator is an organic peracid precursor. Suitable bleach activators are compounds which, under perhydrolysis conditions, give aliphatic peroxycarboxylic acids having preferably from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, in particular from 2 to 10 carbon atoms, and/or optionally substituted perbenzoic acid. Suitable bleach activators comprise O-acyl and/or N-acyl groups of the number of carbon atoms specified and/or optionally substituted benzoyl groups. Preferred bleach activators are polyacylated alkylenediamines. A highly preferred bleach activator is tetraacetyl ethyl enedi amine (T AED) .

The composition may comprise from 0.05g to 2.0g, preferably from 0.1g to 2.0g, tetraacetyl ethyl enedi amine (T AED) .

The composition may comprise a bleach catalyst. The composition may comprise from O. lmg to 20mg, preferably from 0.5mg to lOmg, bleach catalyst.

The composition may comprise, by weight of the composition, from 0.001wt% to 0.10wt%, or from 0.001wt% to 0.07wt% bleach catalyst.

Any suitable bleach catalyst can be used.

Suitable bleach catalysts are metal -containing bleach catalysts, preferably transition-metalcontaining bleach catalysts. Preferred transition-metal-containing bleach catalysts are selected from cobalt-containing bleach catalysts, iron-containing bleach catalysts, manganese-containing bleach catalysts, and any combination thereof. Suitable manganese-containing bleach catalysts comprise manganese in an oxidation state of (II), (III), (IV), (v), or any combination thereof, preferably (IV).

Suitable manganese-containing bleach catalyst includes manganese triazacyclononane and related complexes, such as 1,4,7-triazacyclononane (TACN).

The composition may comprise from O. lmg to 20mg, preferably from 0.5mg to lOmg, transition-metal-containing bleach catalyst. The composition may comprise from O. lmg to 20mg, preferably from 0.5mg to lOmg, cobalt-containing bleach catalyst. The composition may comprise from O. lmg to 20mg, preferably from 0.5mg to lOmg, iron-containing bleach catalyst. The composition may comprise from O.lmg to 20mg, preferably from 0.5mg to lOmg, manganese- containing bleach catalyst.

Builder system

The composition may comprise from 1.0g to 10g builder system.

The composition may comprise, by weight of the composition, from 10wt% to 35wt%, or from 1 lwt% to 34wt% builder system.

The solid component may comprise, by weight of the solid component, from 25wt% to 40wt%, or from 25wt% to 36wt% builder system.

The builder system typically comprises detergent ingredients that are complexing agents. Suitable builder complexing agents are capable of sequestering hardness cations, especially calcium cations and/or magnesium cations.

Typically, the builder system controls the hardness of the wash liquor, which in turn aids the cleaning performance and soil suspension performance of the composition. The builder system can also extract calcium and magnesium cations from the soil, which also improves the cleaning performance of the composition.

Any suitable builder complexing agent can be used. Suitable builder complexing agents may also be able to complex other cations, such as transition metal cations.

A preferred builder complexing agent is selected from aminopolycarboxylic acids and/or salts thereof, carboxylic acids and/or salts thereof, and any combination thereof.

Suitable aminopolycarboxylic acids and/or salts thereof are selected from methylglycine- N,N-diacetic acid and/or salts thereof (MGDA), glutamic acid diacetic acid and/or salts thereof (GLDA), iminodisuccinic acid and/or salts thereof (IDS); hydroxy ethyleiminodiacetic acid and/or salts thereof (HEID A), and any combination thereof, preferably methylglycine-N,N-diacetic acid and/or salts thereof (MGDA) and/or glutamic acid diacetic acid and/or salts thereof (GLDA), most preferably methylglycine-N,N-diacetic acid and/or salts thereof (MGDA). A suitable builder complexing agent is the tri-sodium salt of methylglycine-N,N-diacetic acid.

A suitable aminopolycarboxylic acid and/or salts thereof is ethylene diamine disuccinic acid and/or salts thereof (EDDS).

Suitable carboxylic acids and/or salts thereof can be dicarboxylic acids and/or salts thereof, such as glucaric acid and/or salts thereof, itaconic acid and/or salts thereof, maleic acid and/or salts thereof, succinic acid and/or salts thereof, tartaric acid and/or salts thereof, and any combination thereof.

Suitable carboxylic acids and/or salts thereof can be tricarboxylic acids and/or salts thereof, A suitable carboxylic acid and/or salts thereof is citric acid and/or salts thereof. A suitable builder complexing agent is sodium citrate.

The composition may comprise a builder complexing agent selected from methylglycine- N,N-diacetic acid and/or salts thereof (MGDA) and/or citric acid and/or salts thereof. The composition may comprise the combination of methylglycine-N,N-diacetic acid and/or salts thereof (MGDA) and/or citric acid and/or salts thereof.

The composition may comprise from 1.0g to 10g methylglycine-N,N-diacetic acid and/or salts thereof (MGDA). Any suitable methylglycine-N,N-diacetic acid and/or salt thereof (MGDA) can be used. Preferably, the MGDA is the salt form of methylglycine-N,N-diacetic acid, more preferably the MGDA is the tri-sodium salt of methylglycine-N,N-diacetic acid.

The composition may comprise from 1.0g to 10g citric acid and/or salts thereof.

The presence of citric acid and/or salt thereof can be in conjunction with MGDA, or independently thereof.

Chelant system

The composition may comprise from 0.1g to 5.0g chelant system.

The composition may comprise, by weight of the composition, from 1.0wt% to 20wt%, or from 1.0wt% to 17wt% chelant system.

The solid component may comprise, by weight of the solid component, from 2.5wt% to 20wt%, or from 2.5wt% to 18wt% chelant system.

The chelant system typically comprising chelating agents. Suitable chelating agents can chelate transition metal cations, especially copper, iron and zinc.

Typically, the chelant system stabilizes the bleaching system by protecting the bleach from transition metal cation degradation. The chelant system can also extract transition metal cations from soils, such as tea soils. Any suitable chelating agent can be used. Suitable chelating agents may also be able to complex other cations, such as hardness cations like calcium and magnesium.

Suitable chelating agents are selected from phosphonic acids and/or salts thereof. Phosphonic acids and/or salts thereof typically provide crystal growth inhibition performance.

A preferred phosphonic acid and/or salts thereof is selected from: 1-hydroxy ethylidene-1,1 diphosphonic acid and/or salts thereof (HEDP), amino trimethyl phosphonic acid and/or salts thereof (ATMP), diethylene triamine pentamethylene phosphonic acid and/or salts thereof (DTMP), 2- phosphono 1,2,4-butane tricarboxylic acid and/or salts thereof (PBTC), and any combination thereof, preferably 1-hydroxy ethylidene-1,1 diphosphonic acid and/or salts thereof (HEDP). A suitable chelating agent is the tetrasodium salt of 1-hydroxy ethylidene-1,1 diphosphonic acid.

The composition may comprise from 0.1g to 5.0g chelating agent. The composition may comprise from 0.1g to 1.5g 1-hydroxy ethylidene-1,1 diphosphonic acid and/or salts thereof (HEDP).

The composition may comprise, by weight of the composition, from 1.0wt% to 5.0wt% 1- hydroxy ethylidene-1,1 diphosphonic acid and/or salts thereof (HEDP).

The solid component may comprise, by weight of the solid component, from 2.5wt% to 6.0wt%, or from 2.5wt% to 5.0wt% 1-hydroxy ethylidene-1,1 diphosphonic acid and/or salts thereof (HEDP).

Enzyme system.

The composition may comprise from l.Omg to 400mg enzyme system.

The enzyme system provides cleaning benefits.

The enzyme typically comprises an enzyme selected from amylase, cellulase, lipase, protease and any combination thereof. Preferably, the enzyme system comprises an amylase and/or a protease.

The composition typically comprises, on an active enzyme basis, from l.Omg to300mg of each enzyme type included in the composition.

The composition may comprise, by weight of the composition and on an active enzyme basis, from 0.01wt% to 1.0wt% of each enzyme type included in the composition.

The solid component may comprise, by weight of the solid component and on an active enzyme basis, from 0.03wt% to 1.07wt% of each enzyme type included in the solid component.

The composition may comprise, on an active enzyme basis, from lO.Omg to 300mg protease and from 2.0mg to 30mg amylase. The composition may comprise, by weight of the composition and on an active enzyme basis, from 0.1 lwt% to 1 ,01wt% protease.

The solid component may comprise, by weight of the solid component and on an active enzyme basis, from 0.25wt% to 1.07wt% protease.

The composition may comprise, by weight of the composition and on an active enzyme basis, from 0.022wt% to 0.10wt% amylase.

The solid component may comprise, by weight of the solid component and on an active enzyme basis, from 0.05wt% to 0.1 lwt% amylase.

Suitable enzymes can be in the form of granulates. Suitable enzyme granulates comprise less than 29wt% of sodium sulphate. Suitable granulates comprise sodium sulphate in an amount such that the weight ratio of the sodium sulphate and enzyme (on an active enzyme basis) is less than 4: 1.

In describing enzymes, the following nomenclature is used for ease of reference: Original amino acid(s):position(s):substituted amino acid(s). Standard enzyme IUPAC 1-letter codes for amino acids are used.

Identity

Percent sequence “identity” means that a particular sequence has at least a certain percentage of amino acid residues identical to those in a specified reference sequence, when aligned using sofware programs such as the CLUSTAL W algorithm with default parameters. See

Thompson et al. (1994) Nucleic Acids Res. 22:4673-4680. Default parameters for the CLUSTAL

W algorithm are:

Gap opening penalty: 10.0

Gap extension penalty: 0.05

Protein weight matrix: BLOSUM series

DNA weight matrix: IUB

Delay divergent sequences %: 40

Gap separation distance: 8

DNA transitions weight: 0.50

List hydrophilic residues: GPSNDQEKR

Use negative matrix: OFF

Toggle Residue specific penalties: ON

Toggle hydrophilic penalties: ON

Toggle end gap separation penalty OFF Deletions are counted as non-identical residues, compared to a reference sequence.

Amylase

Suitable amylases include alpha-amylases. Suitable amylases are from bacterial or fungal origin.

A preferred alkaline alpha-amylase is derived from a strain of Bacillus, such as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus stearothermophilus, Bacillus subtilis, or other Bacillus sp., such as Bacillus sp. 707, AA2560, DSM 9375, DSM 12368, DSM 12649, DSM 12651, KSM AP1378, KSM K36, KSM K38, NCIB 12289, NCIB 12512 or NCIB 12513.

A preferred amylase is a variant of Bacillus sp. DSM12651. A preferred amylase is a variant of Bacillus sp. DSM12651 amylase and has at least 90%, or at least 95%, or even at least 99% identity to the Bacillus sp. DSM12651 amylase wildtype sequence.

A preferred amylase is a variant of Bacillus sp. DSM12651 amylase and has one or more, or two or more, or three or more, or four or more, or five or more, or even six or more mutations at the following positions:

1 , 2, 7, 9, 1 1, 16, 19, 25, 37, 43, 48, 54, 56, 58, 59, 60, 63, 81 , 84, 86, 90, 98, 104, 109, 11 1 , 113, 116, 1 18, 125, 127, 130, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 139, 142, 144, 149, 158, 160, 163, 167, 169, 170, 171 , 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 178, 181 ,182, 186, 187, 195, 202, 203, 204, 206, 209, 210, 212, T227, 235, 238, 246, 256, 259, 264, 265, 266, 267, 269, 270, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276, 284, 286, 291 , 293, 295, 298, 299, 302, 303, 304, 306, 310, 31 1 , 314, 315, 317, 319, 320, 323, 328, 337, 339, 345, 357, 365, 377, 375, 385, 391, 395, 400, 406, 408, 410, 431 , 435, 439, 444, 445, 458, 465, 466, 469, 473, 476, and 481.

A preferred amylase is a variant of Bacillus sp. DSM12651 amylase and has one or more, or two or more, or three or more, or four or more, or five or more, or even six or more mutations selected from the following mutations:

Hl*; H2*, G7A, 19M; QU H; N16E; N16H; N16Y; N19D; N25K; N25M; N25T; A37V; W43Y; W48Y; N54Q; N54S; V56I; V56T; Y58F; G59A; A60S; A60T; L63F; T81A; E84Q; E86L; R90H; R90N; R90Q; Q98N; V104A; G109A; Al 11T; Fl 13A; Fl 13G; F113N; Fl 13Q; Fl 13T; F1 13Y; R116C; R116D; R116F; R116H; R116K; R116N; R1 16S; R1 16Y; Q118N; Q118T; Q125G; Q125S; R127A; R 127F; R127H; R127L; R127N; R127T; E130D; E130F; E 1301; E130K; E130L; EBON; E130S; E130T; E130V; S132A; S132D; S132F; S132L; S132M; S132P; S 132T; G133D; T134C, T134E; T134N; T134P; T134R; T134S; T 134 W, T134Y, T134A, Y135H; Q136D; Q 136E; Q 136G; Q136N; Q136R; Q136S; A139T; G142H; N144H; G149A; R158C; R158H; R158K; R158Q; R158S; Y160D; Y160F; T160H; Y160N; D163H; W167*; Q169*; Q169E; Q169F; S170*; S170A; R171*; R171 H; R171 K; R171 L; R171Y; QI72*; Q172K; Q172N; Q172S; L 173 *, L173K; A174*; A174N; A174S; N175*, N175S; R176*; R176A; Y178F; RI 81*; R181A; R181 C; R181 E; R181G; RI 81 H; R181 K; R181 N; R181 Q; G182*; G182T; A186D; A186E; A186H; A186K; A186N; A186T; W187M; N195D; N195F; N195H; N195Q; N195Y; M202L; Y203L; A204V; V206L; D209N; H210K; H210N, E212D, T227K; T227N; L235I; V238A; M246I; M246L; M246T; M246V; Q256H; Q256N; K259G; K259H; V264A; V246I; V264T ; A265G, E266V, Y267F; Y267H; Y267L; K269M; K269Q; K269R; N270G; N270P; L272I; G273V; A274K; A274S; L275A; L275I; L275V; E276N; W284R; VV284Y; M286L; V291A; V291 I; V291T; 1.203 k L293V, Y295F, Y298E; Y298N; Q299N; Q299Y;

N302A; N302H; N302K; N302Q; S303G; S304G; S304Q; N306H; N306K; N306Q; N306R;

N306Y; R310N; R310S; R310Q; N311 K; N311 R, N314Q; G315N; L317V; Q319H; R320K; R320Q; R320S; S323T; H323K; F328L; G337D; G337E; A339S; Q345N; Q345R; L357F; Q365A; Q365C; Q365E; Q365H; Q365K; Q365M; Q365S; P377K; P377T; D375H; D375N;

D375Y; Q386L; K391A; Q395K; R400S; D406H; W408H; V410I; S431F; G435C; W439R;

W439T; R444T; Q445S; R458K; N465G; Q466S; W469N; W469Y; F473I; F473P; F473S; G476K; and V481A.

A preferred amylase is a variant of Bacillus sp. DSM 12649 amylase. A preferred amylase is a variant of Bacillus sp. DSM 12649 amylase and has at least 90%, or at least 95%, or even at least 99% identity to the Bacillus sp. DSM 12649 amylase wildtype sequence.

A preferred amylase is a variant of Bacillus sp. DSM 12649 amylase and has one or more, or two or more, or three or more, or four or more, or five or more, or even six or more mutations at the following positions:

3, 6, 9, 10, 11, 26, 30, 33,37,82, 37, 106, 118, 128, 133, 149, 150, 160, 167, 178, 182, 186, 193, 195, 202, 203, 210, 214, 231, 232, 246, 256, 257, 258, 269, 270, 272, 283, 295, 296, 298, 299, 303, 304, 305, 311, 314, 315, 318, 319, 320, 323, 339, 345, 361, 366, 378, 383, 419, 421, 437, 441, 444, 445, 446, 447, 450, 458, 461, 471, 482, and 484, preferably that also contain the deletions of 183* and/or 184*.

A preferred amylase is a variant of Bacillus sp. AA2560 amylase. A preferred amylase is a variant of Bacillus sp. AA2560 amylase and has at least 90%, or at least 95%, or even at least 99% identity to the Bacillus sp. AA2560 amylase wildtype sequence.

A preferred amylase is a variant of Bacillus sp. AA2560 amylase and has one or more, or two or more, or three or more, or four or more, or five or more, or even six or more mutations at the following positions: 6, 7, 40, 51, 91, 96, 98, 100, 116, 125, 172, 227, 229, 230, 231, 244, 262, 263, 281, 285, 286, 287, 288, 322, 323, 324, 325, 362, 363, and 364, and may preferably also contain the deletions of DI 83* and/or G184*.

A preferred amylase is a variant of Bacillus sp. AA2560 amylase and has the following mutations:

A preferred amylase is Bacillus sp. SP707 amylase or a variant thereof. A preferred amylase is Bacillus sp. SP707 amylase or a variant thereof, and has at least 90%, or at least 95%, or even at least 99% identity to the Bacillus sp. SP707 amylase wildtype sequence.

A preferred amylase is a variant of Bacillus sp. NCIB12513 amylase. A preferred amylase is a variant of Bacillus sp. NCIB12513 amylase and has at least 90%, or at least 95%, or even at least 99% identity to the Bacillus sp. NCIB12513 amylase wildtype sequence.

A preferred amylase is a variant of Bacillus sp. NCIB12513 amylase and has one or more, or two or more, or three or more, or four or more, or five or more, or even six or more mutations at the following positions:

1, 7, 109, 140, 181, 182, 183, 184, 195, 206, 243, 260, 280, 284, 304, 320, 323, 391 and 476.

Suitable commercially available alpha-amylases include: KEMZYM® (AT 9000 Biozym Biotech Trading GmbH Wehlistrasse 27b A-1200 Wien Austria); ENZYSIZE®, OPTISIZE HT PLUS®, PURASTAR®, PURASTAR OXAM®, and RAPID ASE®, (Genencor International Inc., Palo Alto, California); KAM® (Kao, 14-10 Nihonbashi Kayabacho, 1-chome, Chuo-ku Tokyo 103-8210, Japan); BAN®, DURAMYL®, FUNGAMYL®, LIQUEZYME®, NATAL ASE®, POWERASE®, STAINZYME®, STAINZYME PLUS®, SUPRAMYL®, TERMAMYL®, and TERMAMYL ULTRA® (Novozymes A/S, Bagsvaerd, Denmark); and any combination thereof.

Preferred amylases include NAT ALASE®, POWERASE®, STAINZYME®, STAINZYME PLUS®, and any combination thereof.

Cellulase

Suitable cellulases include those of bacterial or fungal origin. Chemically modified or protein engineered mutants are also suitable. Suitable cellulases include cellulases from the genera Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Humicola, Fusarium, Thielavia, Acremonium, e.g., the fungal cellulases produced from Humicola insolens, Fusarium oxysporum, and Myceliophthora thermophila.

Commercially available cellulases include: Biotouch® series of enzymes (AB Enzymes); Revitalenz® series of enzymes (Du Pont); Carezyme®, Carezyme® Premium, Celluclean®, Celluzyme® and Whitezyme® (Novozymes A/S); and any combination thereof. Suitable commercially available cellulases include Celluclean® Classic and/or Carezyme® Premium.

Lipase

Suitable lipases include those of bacterial, fungal or synthetic origin, and variants thereof. Chemically modified or protein engineered mutants are also suitable. Examples of suitable lipases include lipases from Humicola (synonym Thermomyces), e.g., from H. lanuginosa (T. lanuginosus).

A suitable lipase is a variant of the wild-type lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus, preferably comprising T231R and/or N233R mutations. Preferred lipases include those sold under the tradenames Lipex®, Lipoclean®, and Lipolex® by Novozymes, Bagsvaerd, Denmark.

Other suitable lipases include Liprl 139 and/or TfuLip2.

Protease

Suitable proteases include metalloproteases and serine proteases. Suitable proteases include neutral or alkaline microbial serine proteases, such as subtilisins, as well as chemically or genetically modified variants thereof.

Suitable proteases include proteases derived from Bacillus. Suitable proteases include variants of: Bacillus alcalophilus, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus clausii, Bacillus lentus, Bacillus gibsonii Bgi02446, Bacillus gibsonii DSM14391, Bacillus pumilus, and Bacillus subtilis.

A preferred protease is a variant of Bacillus gibsonii protease. A preferred protease is a variant of Bacillus gibsonii Bgi02446 protease or a variant of Bacillus gibsonii DSM14391 protease.

A preferred protease is a variant of Bacillus gibsonii Bgi02446 protease. A preferred protease is a variant of Bacillus gibsonii Bgi02446 protease and has at least 90%, or at least 95%, or even at least 99% identity to the Bacillus gibsonii Bgi02446 protease wildtype sequence.

A preferred protease is a variant of Bacillus gibsonii Bgi02446 protease and has one or more, or two or more, or three or more, or four or more, or five or more, or even six or more mutations at the following positions:

1, 3, 4, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20,21, 24, 25, 26, 33, 36, 37, 39,42, 43, 44, 47, 51, 52, 54, 55, 56, 57, 59, 60, 66, 69, 73, 74,76, 80, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87,88, 89, 91, 95, 96, 97, 99, 101, 102, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 112, 1 13, 114, 115, 116, 118, 120, 122,124, 126, 127, 128, 129, 131, 133, 135 , 136, 137, 138, 139, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 147, 148, 150, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 164, 166 , 167, 170, 174, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 182, 186, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 198, 199, 200, 203, 207, 209, 210, 211, 212, 216, 218, 227, 228, 230, 231, 232, 234, 236, 238, 239, 242, 245, 246 , 247, 249, 250, 253, 254, 255, 256 , 257, 259, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266, 268, and 269.

A preferred protease is a variant of Bacillus gibsonii DSM14391 protease. A preferred protease is a variant of Bacillus gibsonii DSM14391 protease and has at least 90%, or at least 95%, or even at least 99% identity to the Bacillus gibsonii DSM14391 protease wildtype sequence.

A preferred protease is a variant of Bacillus gibsonii DSM14391 protease and has one or more, or two or more, or three or more, or four or more, or five or more, or even six or more mutations at the following positions:

12, 43, 122, 127, 154, 156, 160, 211, 212, and 222.

A preferred protease is a variant of Bacillus alcalophilus protease. A preferred protease is a variant of Bacillus alcalophilus protease and has at least 90%, or at least 95%, or even at least 99% identity to the Bacillus alcalophilus protease wildtype sequence.

A preferred protease is a variant of Bacillus alcalophilus protease and has one or more, or two or more, or three or more, or four or more, or five or more, or even six or more mutations at the following positions:

87, 99, 116, 118, 126, 127, 128, 129, and 130.

A preferred protease is a variant of Bacillus lentus protease. A preferred protease is a variant of Bacillus lentus protease and has at least 90%, or at least 95%, or even at least 99% identity to the Bacillus lentus protease wildtype sequence.

A preferred protease is a variant of Bacillus lentus protease and has one or more, or two or more, or three or more, or four or more, or five or more, or even six or more mutations at the following positions:

9, 15, 27, 66, 74, 76, 85, 99, 101, 103, 104, 116, 123, 126, 127, 128, 159, 212, 232, 236, 239, 245, 248, 252, and 274.

Suitable commercially available protease enzymes include those sold under the trade names Savinase®, Polarzyme®, Kannase®, Ovozyme®, Everlase® and Esperase® by Novozymes A/S (Denmark), those sold under the tradename Properase®, Purafect®, Purafect Prime®, Purafect Ox®, FN3®, FN4®, Excellase®, Ultimase® and Purafect OXP® by Genencor International, those sold under the tradename Opticlean® and Optimase® by Solvay Enzymes, those available from Henkel/ Kemira, namely BLAP, and any combination thereof. Other enzymes

Other suitable enzymes are bleaching enzymes. Preferred bleaching enzymes are peroxidases/oxidases. Typical bleaching enzymes include those of plant, bacterial or fungal origin, and variants thereof. Commercially available peroxidases include Guardzyme® (Novozymes A/S).

Other suitable bleaching enzymes include choline oxidases and/or perhydrolases.

Suitable enzymes include sugar degrading enzymes. Suitable enzymes include glycosyl hydrolase. A suitable enzyme is selected from glucanase, hemicellulase, mannanase, xylanase, and any combination thereof.

Suitable mannanases are sold under the tradenames Mannastar® (Du Pont) and

Mannaway® (Novozymes A/S, Bagsvaerd, Denmark).

Suitable enzymes include pectate lyases. Suitable pectate lyases are sold under the tradenames PrimaGreen® (DuPont) and X-Pect®, Pectaway® (from Novozymes A/S, Bagsvaerd, Denmark).

A suitable enzyme is phospholipase.

Polymer system.

The composition may comprise from 0.1g to 5.0g, or from 0.5g to 2.0g polymer system.

The composition may comprise, by weight of the composition, from 1.0wt% to 20wt%, or from 1.1 lwt% to 17wt% polymer system.

The liquid component may comprise, by weight of the liquid component, from 15wt% to 60wt%, or from 20wt% to 50wt% polymer system.

The solid component may comprise, by weight of the solid component, from 2.5wt% to 20wt%, or from 2.5wt% to 18wt% polymer system.

The polymer system can act as soil dispersant as well, as a co-builder to help complex hardness cations such as calcium and magnesium.

The polymer system typically comprises polymers. Suitable polymers are selected from modified polyamine polymers, modified polysaccharide polymers, polyalkylene oxide polymers, polycarboxylate polymers, silicone polymers, terephthalate polymers, other polyester polymers, and any combination thereof.

Preferably, the polymer system comprises polymers selected from polyamine polymers, modified polysaccharide polymers, polyalkylene oxide polymers, polycarboxylate polymers, and any combination thereof, most preferably, polycarboxylate polymers.

The composition may comprise from 0.1g to 5.0g, or from 0.5g to 2.0g polycarboxylate polymers. Modified polyamine polymers

Suitable modified polyamine polymers comprise a polyamine core structure and a plurality of alkoxylate groups attached to the core structure. The polyamine core structure includes polyalkyleneimine, and linear or branched oligoamine.

The polyamine core structure and the alkoxylate groups attached to the core structure can be further derivatized. For example, the polyamine core structure can be further partly or completely quatemized with C1-C30 linear or branched alkyl, more preferably C1-C10 or even C1-C5 linear or branched alkyl, most preferably methyl. The alkoxylate group can be further sulphated, sulphonated and/or substituted with an amino functional group.

Suitable modified polyamine dispersing agent includes ethoxylated polyethyleneimine (EPEI). EPEI are effective dispersing agent for hydrophilic stains, especially hydrophilic particulate stain such as clay.

Preferably, the EPEI comprises a polyethyleneimine backbone having weight average molecular weight of between lOOg/mol and 2000g/mol, preferably between 200g/mol and 1500g/mol, more preferably between 300g/mol and lOOOg/mol, even more preferably between 400g/mol and 800g/mol, most preferably between 500g/mol and 700g/mol, preferably about 600. The ethoxylation chains within the EPEI may be from 200g/mol to 2000g/mol weight average molecular weight, preferably from 400g/mol to 1500g/mol weight average molecular weight, more preferably from 600g/mol to lOOOg/mol weight average molecular weight, most preferably about 880g/mol weight average molecular weight per ethoxylated chain. The ethoxylation chains within the EPEI have on average 5 to 40, preferably 10 to 30, more preferably 15 to 25, even more preferably 18 to 22, most preferably about 20 ethoxy units per ethoxylation chain. The EPEI may have a total weight average molecular weight of from 5000g/mol to 20000g/mol, preferably from 7500g/mol to 17500g/mol, more preferably from lOOOOg/mol to 15000g/mol, even more preferably from 12000g/mol to 13000g/mol, most preferably about 12700g/mol. A preferred example is polyethyleneimine core (with average molecular weight about 600g/mol) ethoxylated to 20 EO groups per NH. Suitable EPEI this type includes Sokalan HP20 available from BASF, Lutensol FP620 from BASF. Examples of available polyethyleneimine ethoxylates also include those prepared by reacting ethylene oxide with Epomine SP-006 manufactured by Nippon Shokubai.

The EPEI may comprise polyethyleneimine having an average molecular weight (Mw) ranging from 1800 to 5000 g/mol (prior to ethoxylation), and the polyoxyethylene side chains may have an average of from 25 to 40 ethoxy units per side chain bonded to the polyethyleneimine backbone. Suitable modified polyamine polymers include amphiphilic alkoxylated polyalkyleneimine polymer. These polymers have balanced hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties such that they remove grease and body soil particles from surfaces, and keep the particles suspended in washing liquor. Suitable amphiphilic water-soluble alkoxylated polyalkyleneimine polymers comprise polyalkyleneimine core, preferable polyethyleneimine core, and alkoxylate group connected to the core. Suitable alkoxylate groups have the structure:

*-[A ² -O]m-[CH2-CH ₂ -O]n-[A ³ -O]p-R

(V) wherein: in each case denotes one-half of bond to the nitrogen atom of the core.

A ² is in each case independently selected from 1,2-propylene, 1,2-butylene, and 1,2- isobutylene.

A ³ is 1,2-propylene.

R is in each case independently selected from hydrogen and Ci-C4-alkyl, preferably hydrogen. m has an average value in the range of from 0 to 2, preferably 0. n has an average value in the range of 5 to 50. p has an average value in the range of 3 to 50.

Suitable alkoxylated polyalkyleneimine polymers have a degree of quaterization ranging from 0 to 50, preferably from 0 to 20, and more preferably from 0 to 10.

A preferred alkoxylated polyalkyleneimine polymer is polyethyleneimine (MW = 600) modified with 24 ethoxylate groups per -NH and 16 propoxylate groups per -NH. Another preferred alkoxylated polyalkyleneimine polymer is polyethyleneimine (MW = 600) modified with 10 ethoxylate groups per -NH and 7 propoxylate groups per -NH.

Suitable alkoxylated polyalkyleneimine polymers include Sokalan HP30 Booster available from BASF.

Suitable modified polyamine polymers includes zwitterionic polyamines. Suitable zwitterionic polyamines have the structure: wherein:

R is each independently C3-C20 linear or branched alkylene.

R ¹ is an anionic unit-capped polyalkyleneoxy unit having the formula: -(R ² O) _X R ³ .

R ² is C2-C4 linear or branched alkylene, preferably C2 (ethylene).

R ³ is hydrogen, an anionic unit, and mixtures thereof, in which not all R ³ groups are hydrogen, preferably wherein R ³ anionic units are selected from -(CH2) _P CO2M; -(CJfc^SChM; - (CH ₂ ) _q OSO ₃ M; -(CH ₂ )qCH(SO ₃ M)-CH ₂ SO ₃ M; -(CH ₂ )qCH(OSO ₃ M)CH ₂ OSO3M; (CH2)qCH(SO ₃ M)CH2SO ₃ M; -(CH2) _p PO ₃ M; -PO ₃ M ;-SO ₃ M and mixtures thereof; wherein M is hydrogen or a water soluble cation, preferably selected from sodium, potassium, ammonium, and mixtures thereof and in sufficient amount to satisfy charge balance. x is from 5 to 50, preferably from 10 to 40, even more preferably from 15 to 30, most preferably from 20 to 25.

Q is a quaternizing unit selected from the group consisting of Ci-C ₃ o linear or branched alkyl, Ce-C ₃ o cycloalkyl, C?-C ₃ o substituted or unsubstituted alkylenearyl, and mixtures thereof, preferably Ci-C ₃ o linear or branched alkyl, even more preferably C1-C10 or even C1-C5 linear or branched alkyl, most preferably methyl; the degree of quaternization preferably is more than 50%, more preferably more than 70%, even more preferably more than 90%, most preferably about 100.

X" is an anion present in sufficient amount to provide electronic neutrality, preferably a water-soluble anion selected from the group consisting of chlorine, bromine, iodine, methyl sulfate, and mixtures thereof, more preferably chloride. n is from 0 to 8, preferably 0 to 4, preferably 0 to 2, most preferably 0.

A suitable zwitterionic polyamine having the following general structure: bis((C2H ₅ O)(C2H4O)n)(CH ₃ )-N ⁺ -C _x H2x-N ⁺ -(CH ₃ )-bis((C2H ₅ O)(C2H ₄ O)n), wherein n = from 20 to 30, and x = from 3 to 8, or sulphated or sulphonated variants thereof.

A particular preferred zwitterionic polyamine is available from BASF as Lutensit Z96 polymer (zwitterionic hexamethylene diamine according to below formula: 100% quaternized and about 40% of the polyethoxy (EO24) groups are sulfonated). Another suitable zwitterionic polyamine is amphoterically-modified oligopropyleneimine ethoxylates.

Modified polysaccharide polymers

Various polysaccharides can be useful as starting material for chemical modification to make modified polysaccharide polymers, including cellulose, starch, guar, dextran, polyglucan, chitin, curdlan, xylose, inulin, pullulan, locust bean gum, cassia gum, tamarind gum (xyloglucan), xanthan gum, amylose, amylopectin, scleroglucan and any combination thereof.

The most common type of modified polysaccharide is modified cellulose.

Modified cellulose polymers include anionic modified cellulose polymers which been modified with functional groups that contain negative charge. Suitable anionic modified cellulose polymers include carboxyalkyl cellulose, such as carboxymethyl cellulose. The carboxymethyl cellulose may have a degree of carboxymethyl substitution of from about 0.5 to about 0.9, and a molecular weight from about 80,000 Da to about 300,000 Da. Suitable carboxymethylcellulose include Finnfix® series sold by CP Kelco or Nouryon, which include Finnfix® GDA, a hydrophobically modified carboxymethylcellulose, e.g., the alkyl ketene dimer derivative of carboxymethylcellulose sold under the tradename Finnfix® SHI, or the blocky carboxymethylcellulose sold under the tradename Finnfix®V. Other suitable anionic modified cellulose polymers include sulphoalkyl cellulose and sulfoethyl cellulose.

Modified cellulose polymers also include nonionic modified cellulose polymers which have been modified by a functional group that does not contain any charge. Suitable nonionic modified cellulose polymers include alkyl cellulose, hydroxyalkyl cellulose, hydroxyalkyl alkylcellulose, alkylalkoxyalkyl cellulose. Suitable nonionic modified cellulose polymers also include nonionic cellulose carbamates, and nonionic 6-desoxy-6-amino-celluloses derivative. Examples of alkyl cellulose include methyl cellulose (MC), ethyl cellulose (EC), etc. Suitable ethyl celluloses are sold under tradename Ethocel™ by Dow Chemicals, DuPont, or IFF. Examples of hydroxyalkyl celluloses include hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) and hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC). Suitable HECs are sold under tradename Natrosol™ hydroxy ethylcellulose by Ashland, such as Natrosol™ 250 with different grades available which have a total molar substitution (MS) of 2.5. Suitable HECs are also sold under tradename CELLOSIZE™ Hydroxy ethyl Cellulose by Dow Chemicals. Suitable HPCs are sold under tradename Klucel™ by Ashland. Example of hydroxyalkyl alkylcellulose include hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), suitable HPMC are sold under tradename Methocel™ with different grades available by Dow Chemicals, DuPont or IFF, and under tradename Benecel™ by Ashland.

Modified cellulose polymers also include cationic modified cellulose polymers which been modified by functional group that contain cationic charge. Suitable cationic modified celluloses include quatemized hydroxy ethyl cellulose (Polyquaternium-10), which is available under the tradename of Ucare by Dow Chemical, such as Ucare LR400, Ucare LR30M, Ucare JR125, Ucare JR400, etc. Suitable cationic modified cellulose polymers also include quatemized hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) polymers with cationic substitution of trimethyl ammonium and dimethyldodecyl ammonium (Polyquaternium-67), which are available under the tradename SoftCAT by Dow Chemical, such as SoftCAT SK, SoftCAT SK-MH, SoftCAT SX, SoftCAT SL. Other suitable cationic modified celluloses include those sold under tradename SupraCare™ by Dow Chemical, such as SupraCare™ 150, SupraCare™ 133, SupraCare™ 212. Suitable cationic modified cellulose polymers also include those modified with cationic group and a hydrophobic group.

Another suitable type of modified polysaccharide is modified guar. The modified guar can be nonionic modified, anionic modified, and/or cationic modified. Suitable nonionic modified guar includes hydroxypropyl guar, such as N-Hance™ HP40 and HP40S guar available from Ashland. Suitable example of modified guar also include carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl guar (CMHPG) which is anionic and nonionic modified, such as Galactasol™ available from Ashland. Suitable modified guar also includes cationic modified guar, such as guar hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride, which is available from by Ashland as AquaCat™ CG518 cationic solution, AquaCat™ PF618 cationic solution, N-Hance™ 3000, 3196, 3215, BF-13, BF-17, C261, C261N, CG13, CCG45. Other cationic modified guar polymers are available from Solvay as Jaguar® C 162, Excel, Excel SGI, Optima, C 13 S, C 13 SH, C14 S, C-17, LS SGI, C-500 STD. Other nonionic and/or anionic modified guar include for example Jaguar® HP 105 (Hydroxypropyl Guar gum), Jaguar® SOFT and HP-120 COS (Carboxymethyl Hydroxypropyl Guar Gum).

Suitable modified polysaccharide polymers also include modified starch. Examples of modified starch include carboxylate ester of starch, esterification product of starch with e.g., G>- C24 alk(en)yl succinic anhydride;and starch maleates (starch react with maleic acid anhydride). Examples of modified starch also include, but not limit to, acetylated starch, acetylated distarch adipate, di starch phosphate, hydroxypropyl starch, hydroxy propyl di starch phosphate, phosphated distarch ohosphate, acetylated distarch phosphate, starch sodium octenyl succinate.

Suitable modified polysaccharide polymers also include polymers based on other polysaccharide, such as cationic dextran polymers, the cationic dextran polymers are commercially available under brand name CDC, CDC-L, CDC-H by Meito Sangyo. Suitable modified polysaccharide polymers also include polymers based on polyglucans. Suitable modified polyglucans are based on alpha 1,3 -polyglucans and/or 1,6-polyglucans. Preferably, the modified polyglucans can be cationic modified, such as cationic modified alpha 1,3-polyglucan, such as cationic modified alpha 1,6-polyglucans. Another class of preferred modified polyglucans can be hydrophobic and/or hydrophilic modified. Polyglucan esters are especially preferred due to their performance and biodegradability profiles.

Other suitable polysaccharide polymers include those based on inulin. Example of modified inulin include carboxymethyl group modified inulin (CMI), suitable CMI are Carboxyline series sold by Cosun Beet Company, including Carboxyline 25-40D, Carboxyline 25 D Powder, Carboxyline 20 LS D Powder, Carboxyline 25, Carboxyline 25-30 UP. Example of modified inulin also include cationic modified inulin, suitable cationic modified inulins include the Quatin series sold by Cosun Beet Company, including Quatin 350, Quatin 380 and Quatin 1280 which are characterized by different degree of substitution (DS), cationic density (meq/g) and molecular weight (g/mol).

Suitable modified polysaccharide polymers also include polymers based on other polysaccharide, such as xylose carbamates, carboxy or sulfo-alkylated pullulan, carboxy- or sulfoalkylated chitosan, and any combination thereof.

Polyalkylene oxide polymers

Suitable polyalkylene oxide polymers include poly (ethylene oxide). Preferably the poly (ethylene oxide) has a molecular weight from 1000 to 10000, more preferably from 2000 to 9000, more preferably from 3000 to 8500, most preferably from 4000 to 8000 such as 5000, 6000, 7000.

Suitable polyalkylene oxide polymers include graft polymers. Suitable graft polymers can be based on polyalkylene oxide Suitable polymers comprise polyalkylene oxide backbone (A) as a graft base and polymeric sidechains (B) grafted thereon. The polymeric sidechains (B) are obtainable by polymerization of at least one vinyl ester monomer. The polyalkylene oxide backbone (A) is obtainable by polymerization of at least one monomers selected from the group of ethylene oxide, 1 ,2-propylene oxide, 1 ,2-butylene oxide, 2,3 -butylene oxide, 1 ,2-pentene oxide or 2,3-pentene oxide. Such graft polymers are known as effective soil suspension polymers for hydrophobic and hydrophilic stains, surfactant boosters, and sometimes as dye transfer inhibitors.

Suitable graft polymers include amphiphilic graft co-polymer comprising polyethylene glycol backbone (A) as a graft base, and at least one pendant sidechains (B) selected from polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol and mixtures thereof. A preferred graft polymer of this type is Sokalan HP22 available from BASF. Suitable graft polymers are amphiphilic graft polymers based on water-soluble polyalkylene oxides (A) as a graft base and side chains formed by polymerization of a vinyl ester component (B), said polymers typically having an average of < one graft site per 50 alkylene oxide units and mean molar masses M typically of from 3 000 to 100 000. One specific preferred graft polymer of this type is polyvinyl acetate grafted polyethylene oxide copolymer having a polyethylene oxide as graft base and multiple polyvinyl acetate side chains. The molecular weight of the polyethylene oxide backbone is typically about 6000 and the weight ratio of the polyethylene oxide to polyvinyl acetate is typically about 40 to 60 and typically no more than 1 grafting point per 50 ethylene oxide units. The most preferred polymer of this type is available from BASF as Sokalan PG101. Suitable graft polymers include graft polymers comprising a block copolymer backbone (A) as a graft base, wherein said block copolymer backbone (A) is obtainable by polymerization of at least two monomers selected from the group of ethylene oxide, 1 ,2-propylene oxide, 1 ,2-butylene oxide, 2,3-butylene oxide, 1 ,2-pentene oxide or 2,3-pentene oxide, wherein the number (x) of individual blocks within the block copolymer backbone (A) is an integer, wherein x is typically from 2 to 10 and preferably 3 to 5, and (B) polymeric sidechains grafted onto the block copolymer backbone, wherein said polymeric sidechains (B) are obtainable by polymerization of at least one vinyl ester monomer. These polymers have improved biodegradation profiles.

Suitable graft polymers include graft polymers comprising a polyalkylene oxide backbone (A) which has a number average molecular weight of from about 1000 to about 20,000 Daltons and is based on ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, or butylene oxide; and side chains derived from N-vinylpyrrolidone (B), and side chains derived from vinyl ester (C) derived from a saturated monocarboxylic acid containing from 1 to 6 carbon atoms and/or a methyl or ethyl ester of acrylic or methacrylic acid.

Polycarboxylate polymers

Polycarboxylate polymers typically comprise at least one carboxy group-containing monomer. The carboxy group-containing monomers are typically selected from acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, itaconic acid, aconitic acid, mesaconic acid, citraconic acid, methylenemalonic acid, salts thereof, anhydrides thereof, and any combination thereof.

Suitable polycarboxylate polymers include polyacrylate homopolymer having a molecular weight of from 4,000 Da to 9,000 Da, or from 6,000 Da to 9,000 Da. Other suitable carboxylate polymers include copolymers of acrylic acid (and/or methacrylic acid) and maleic acid having a molecular weight of from 50,000 Da to 120,000 Da, or from 60,000 Da to 80,000 Da. The polyacrylate homopolymer and copolymer of acrylic acid (and/or methacrylic acid) and maleic acid are commercially available as Acusol 445 and 445N, Acusol 531, Acusol 463, Acusol 448, Acusol 460, Acusol 465, Acusol 497, Acusol 490 from Dow Chemicals, and as Sokalan CP 5, Sokalan CP 7, Sokalan CP 45, and Sokalan CP 12S from BASF.

Suitable polycarboxylate polymers also include polyitaconate homopolymers, such as Itaconix® DSP 2K™ sold by Itaconix, and Amaze SP available from Nouryon.

Suitable polycarboxylate polymers also include co-polymers comprising carboxy group- containing monomers and one or more sulfonate or sulfonic group-containing monomers. The sulfonate or sulfonic group containing monomers are typically selected from 2-acrylamido-2- methyl-l-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS), 2-methacrylamido-2-methyl-l-propanesulfonic acid, 3- methacrylamido-2 -hydroxy-propanesulfonic acid, ally sulfonic acid, methally sulfonic acid, 3- allyloxy-2-hydroxy-l -propanesulfonic acid, 2-methyl-2-propenen-l-sulfonic acid, styrenesulfonic acid, vinylsulfonic acid, 3-sulfopropyl acrylate, 3 -sulfopropylmethacrylate, sulfomethylacrylamide, sulfomethylmethacrylamide and water soluble salts thereof.

Suitable polymers may comprise maleic acid, acrylic acid, and 3-allyloxy-2-hydroxy-l- propanesulfonic acid. Suitable polymers may comprise acrylic acid and 2-acrylamido-2-methyl- propane sulfonate, such as those sold under tradename Acusol 588 by Dow Chemicals, Sokalan CP50 by BASF, Aquatreat AR-545, Versaflex 310 and Versaflex 310-37 by Nouryon.

Suitable polymers include poly(itaconic acid-co-AMPS) sodium salt, such as Itaconix® TSI™ 322 and Itaconix® CHT™ 122 available from Itaconix.

Suitable polymers also includes those comprising other structure units in addition to the sulfonate or sulfonic group group-containing monomers and carboxy group-containing monomers. Suitable additional monomers are ether bond-containing monomers represented by formula (1) and (2) below:

(1) (2) wherein in Formula (1): Ro represents a hydrogen atom or Chh group.

R represents a CH2 group, CH2CH2 group or single bond. x represents a number 0-50, preferably 0-20, more preferably 0-5 (provided x represents a number 1-5 when R is a single bond).

Ri is a hydrogen atom or Ci to C20 organic group. wherein in Formula (2):

Ro represents a hydrogen atom or CH3 group.

R represents a CH2 group, CH2CH2 group or single bond. x represents a number 0-5.

Ri is a hydrogen atom or Ci to C20 organic group.

A specific preferred polymer comprises structure units derived from 1 to 49 wt% of 1- (allyloxy)-3-butoxypropan-2-ol, from 50 to 98 wt% acrylic acid or methacrylic acid, and from 1 to 49 wt% of 3 -allyloxy-2-hydroxy-l -propanesulfonic acid, and the has a weight average molecular weight of from about 20,000 to about 60,000. a specific preferred polymer of this type comprises structure units derived from 1 to 10 wt% of l-(allyloxy)-3-butoxypropan-2-ol, from 70 to 89 wt% acrylic acid or methacrylic acid, and from 10 to 20 wt% of 3-allyloxy-2-hydroxy-l- propanesulfonic acid, and the has a weight average molecular weight of from about 30,000 to about 60,000. Herein, l-(allyloxy)-3 -butoxypropan -2-ol is a preferred monomer as represented by formula (2) when Ro is H, R is CH2, x is 0, and Ri is n-butyl (C4-alkyl).

Suitable polycarboxylate polymers also include co-polymers comprising carboxy group- containing monomers and other suitable monomers. Other suitable monomers are selected from esters and/or amide of the carboxy group-containing monomers, such as C1-C20 alkyl ester of acrylic acid; alkylene; vinyl ethers, such as methyl vinyl ether, styrene and any mixtures thereof. One specific preferred polymer family of this type is sold under tradename Gantrez by Ashland, which includes Gantrez An (alternating co-polymer of methyl vinyl ether and maleic anhydride), Gantrez S (alternating co-polymer of methyl vinyl ether and maleic acid), Gantrez ES (alternating co-polymer of methyl vinyl ether and maleic acid ester), Gantrez MS (alternating co-polymer of methyl vinyl ether and maleic acid salt).

Suitable polycarboxylate polymers also include polyepoxy succinic acid polymers (PESA). A most preferred polyepoxy succinic acid polymer can be identified using CAS number: 51274- 37-4, or 109578-44-1. Suitable polyepoxy succinic acid polymers are commercially available from various suppliers, such as Aquapharm Chemicals Pvt. Ltd (commercial name: Maxinol 600); Shandong Taihe Water Treatment Technologies Co., Ltd (commercial name: PESA), and Sirius International (commercial name: Briteframe PESA).

Suitable polycarboxylate polymers may comprise a monomer having at least one aspartic acid group or a salt thereof, this polymer comprises at least 25 mol%, 40 mol%, or 50 mol%, of said monomer. A preferabed example is sodium salt of poly(aspartic acid) having a molecular weight of from 2000 to 3000 g/mol which is avilable as Baypure® DS 100 from Lanxess. Suitable polyaspartates can be further modified.

Terephthalate polymers

Suitable terephthalate polymers are terephthalate-derived polyester polymers, which comprise structure unit (I) and/or (II):

(I) -[(OCHR ¹ -CHR ² ) _a -O-OC-Ar-CO-]d

(II) -[(OCHR ³ -CHR ⁴ ) _b -O-OC-sAr-CO-]e wherein: a, b are from 1 to 200. d, e are from 1 to 50.

Ar is independently selected from 1,4-substituted phenylene, and 1,3 -substituted phenylene. sAr is 1,3 -substituted phenylene substituted in position 5 with -SO3M; wherein M is a counterion selected from Na, Li, K, Mg/2, Ca/2, Al/3, ammonium, mono-, di-, tri-, or tetraalkylammonium wherein the alkyl groups are Ci-Cis alkyl or C2-C10 hydroxyalkyl, or mixtures thereof.

R ¹ , R ² , R ³ , R ⁴ are independently selected from H or Ci-Cis n-alkyl or iso-alkyl; preferably selected from H or Ci alkyl.

Optionally, the polymer may further comprises one or more terminal group (III) derived from polyalkylene glycolmonoalkylethers, preferably selected from structure (IV-a)

- O [C ₂ H ₄ -O]C [CaHs-Old [C4Hs-O]e — R7 (IV-a) wherein: R? is a linear or branched C1.30 alkyl, C2-C30 alkenyl, or a cycloalkyl group with 5 to 9 carbon atoms, or a C8-C30 aryl group, or a C6-C30 arylalkyl group; preferably C1.4 alkyl, more preferably methyl. c, d and e are, based on molar average, a number independently selected from 0 to 200, where the sum of c+d+e is from 2 to 500. wherein the [C2H4-O], [C3H6-O] and [C4H8-O] groups of the terminal group (IV-a) may be arranged blockwise, alternating, periodically and/or statistically, preferably blockwise and/or statistically, either of the [C2H4-O], [C3H6-O] and [C4H8-O] groups of the terminal group (IV-a) can be linked to -R7 and/or -O. Preferably, [C3H6-O] group is linked to -O, and the -O is further connected to -OC-Ar-CO- or -OC-sAr-CO-.

Optionally, the polymer may further comprise one or more anionic terminal unit (IV) and/or (V) as described in EP3222647. Where M is a counterion selected from Na ⁺ , Li ⁺ , K ⁺ , i Mg ²⁺ , i Ca ²⁺ , 1/3 Al ³⁺ , ammonium, mono-, di-, tri-, or tetraalkylammonium wherein the alkyl groups are Ci-Cis alkyl or C2-C10 hydroxyalkyl, or mixtures thereof.

Optionally, the polymer may comprise crosslinking multifunctional structural unit which having at least three functional groups capable of the esterification reaction. The functional which may be for example acid alcohol ester anhydride - or epoxy groups, etc.

Optionally, other di- or polycarboxylic acids or their salts or their (di)alkylesters can be used in the polyesters, such as, naphthal ene-l,4-dicarboxylic acid, naphthalene-2, 6, -dicarboxylic acid, tetrahydrophthalic acid, trimellitic acid, diphenoxyethane-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid, diphenyl-4,4'- dicarboxylic acid, 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid, adipic acid, sebacic acid, decan- 1,10-dicarboxylic acid, fumaric acid, succinic acid, 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, cyclohexanediacetic acid, glutaric acid, azelaic acid, or their salts or their (di)alkyl esters, preferably their (Ci-C4)-(di)alkyl esters and more preferably their (di)methyl esters, or mixtures thereof. One type of preferred polyester polymers are nonionic polyester polymers which do not comprise the above structure unit (II). A particular preferred nonionic terephthalate-derived polymer has a structure according to formula below: wherein:

Rs and Re are independently selected from H or CH3. More preferably, one of the R5 and Rs is H, and another is CH3. c, d are, based on molar average, a number independently selected from 0 to 200, where the sum of c+d is from 2 to 400.

More preferably, d is from 0 to 50, c is from 1 to 200.

More preferably, d is 1 to 10, c is 5 to 150.

R7 is C1-C4 alkyl and more preferably methyl.

N is, based on molar average, from 1 to 50.

One example of most preferred above suitable terephthalate-derived nonionic polymers has one of the R5 and Re is H, and another is CH3; d is 0; c is from 5-100 and R7 is methyl, and n is from 3-10.

Other suitable terephthalate-derived polyester polymers can be end capped. The end capping group of these SRPs are typically selected from:

X-(OC2H ₄ )n-(OC3H ₆ )m- wherein, X is C1-C4 alkyl and preferably methyl, the -(OC2H4) groups and the -(OC3H6) groups are arranged blockwise and the block consisting of the -(OC3H6) groups is bound to a COO group, n is based on a molar average a number of from 40 to 50, m is based on a molar average a number of from 1 to 10 and preferably of from 1 to 7.

The polyester may or may not be biodegradable, preferred soil release polymers are readily biodegradable.

Example of suitable polyesters include TexCare® series supplied by Clariant, including nonionic polymers Texcare® SRN 100, SRN 170, SRN 170 C, SRN 170 Terra, SRN 172, SRN 240, SRN 260, SRN 260 life, SRN 260 SG Terra, SRN UL50, SRN 300, SRN 325; and anionic polymers TexCare® SRA 100, SRA 300, SRA300 F. Example of suitable polymers also include REPEL-O-TEX® line of polymers supplied by Rhodia/Solvay, including the nonionic polymer REPEL-O-TEX® Crystal, Crystal PLUS, Crystal NAT, SRP6; and the anionic polymer REPEL- O-TEX® SF-2. Other examples of polymers includes the WeylClean® series of polymers supplied by WeylChem, including nonionic polymers WeylClean® PLN1, PLN2; and anionic polymers WeylClean® PSA1. Other examples of polymers are Marloquest® polymers, such as Marloquest® SL, HSCB, L235M, U, B, and G82, supplied by Sasol. Suitable polymers include Sorez 100 (from ISP or Ashland).

Other polyester polymers

Suitable other polyester polymers include polyester soil release polymers derived from biobased 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid and derivatives thereof.

Surfactant system

Typically, the surfactant system provides cleaning benefits, shine benefits, water drainage and drying benefits. The surfactant system can act to remove soil and suspend soil.

The composition may comprise from 0.5g to 5.0g, or from 0.6g to 4.0g, or from 0.7g to 3.0g surfactant system.

The composition may comprise, by weight of the composition, from 5.0wt% to 20wt%, or from 5.5wt% to 17wt% surfactant system.

The liquid component may comprise, by weight of the liquid component, from 40wt% to 100wt%, or from 50wt% to 100wt%, or from 50wt% to 99wt%, or from 50wt% to 90wt% surfactant system.

The solid component may comprise, by weight of the solid component, from 10wt% to 20wt%, or from 12.5wt% to 18wt% surfactant system.

The surfactant system can comprise amphoteric surfactant, anionic surfactant, cationic surfactant, nonionic surfactant, zwitterionic surfactant, and any combination thereof. Most preferably, the surfactant system comprises nonionic surfactant.

The surfactant system typically comprises a surfactant, typically one or more, preferably two or more, or three or more, or four or more, or even five or more different types of surfactants, and preferably from 2 to 8, or 3 to 7, or 4 to 6 different types of surfactants.

The surfactant system may have a phase inversion temperature, as measured at a concentration of lwt% in distilled water, between 20°C and 70°C, preferably between 35°C and 65°C. Phase inversion temperature is the temperature below which a surfactant system partitions preferentially into the water phase (typically as oil-swollen micelles), and above which the surfactant system partitions preferentially into the oil phase (typically as water swollen inverted micelles). Phase inversion temperature can be determined visually by identifying at which temperature cloudiness occurs. The phase inversion temperature of the surfactant system can be determined as follows: a solution containing lwt% of the surfactant system, by weight of the solution in distilled water, is prepared. The solution is stirred gently before phase inversion temperature analysis to ensure that the process occurs in chemical equilibrium. The phase inversion temperature is taken in a thermostable bath by immersing the solutions in 75 mm sealed glass test tube. To ensure the absence of leakage, the test tube is weighed before and after phase inversion temperature measurement. The temperature is gradually increased at a rate of less than 1°C per minute, until the temperature reaches a few degrees below the pre-estimated phase inversion temperature. Phase inversion temperature is determined visually at the first sign of turbidity.

The surfactant system is typically a low foaming surfactant system.

Preferably, the surfactant system comprises a surfactant selected from:

(i) R-O-EOx, wherein R is a Ce-Cis alkyl, and x is from 1 to 30; or

(ii) R-O-EOxPOy, wherein R is a Ce-Cis alkyl, x is from 1 to 20, and y is from 1 to 20; or

(iii) R-O-POxEOy, wherein R is a Ce-Cis alkyl, x is from 1 to 20, and y is from 1 to 20; or

(iv) R-O- EOxPOyEOz, wherein R is a Ce-Cis alkyl, x is y from 1 to 20, y is from 1 to 20, and z is from 1 to 20; or

(v) R-O- POxEOyPOz, wherein R is a Ce-Cis alkyl, x is from 1 to 20, y is from 1 to 20, and z is from 1 to 20; or

(vi) HO- EOxPOyEOz-H, wherein, x is from 1 to 50, y is from 1 to 50, and z is from 1 to 50; or

(vii) HO- PxEOyPOz-H, wherein x is from 1 to 50, y is from 1 to 50, and z is from 1 to 20; or

(viii) any combination thereof.

For the above surfactants (i) to (v) above, the alkyl moiety can be linear or branched, and can be derived from a guerbet alcohol, or can derived from an oxo-alcohol.

Suitable surfactants are non-ionic surfactants.

A suitable surfactant has the formula: R-O-EO _X , wherein R is a Ce-Cis alkyl, and x is from 1 to 30. Suitable surfactants are Lutensol AO series of surfactants from BASF and Lutensol TO series of surfactants from BASF. A suitable surfactant has the formula: R-O-EO _x PO _y , wherein R is a Ce-Cis alkyl, x is from 1 to 20, and y is from 1 to 20. Suitable surfactants are Dehypon LS series of surfactants from BASF.

A suitable surfactant has the formula: R-O-PO _y EO _x , wherein R is a Ce-Cis alkyl, x is from 1 to 20, and y is from 1 to 20. Suitable surfactants are Ecosurf EH series of surfactants from Dow.

A suitable surfactant has the formula: R-O- EO _x PO _y EO _x , wherein R is a Ce-Cis alkyl, each x is independently from 1 to 20, and y is from 1 to 20. A suitable surfactant is Plurafac LF403 from BASF.

A suitable surfactant has the formula: R-O- PO _y EO _x PO _y , wherein R is a Ce-Cis alkyl, x is from 1 to 20, and each y is independently from 1 to 20. A suitable surfactant is Plurafac SLF180 from BASF.

A suitable surfactant has the formula: HO- EO _x PO _y EO _x -H, wherein, each x is independently from 1 to 50, and y is from 1 to 50. Suitable surfactants are the Pluronic PE series of surfactants from BASF, and the Tergitol L series of surfactants from Dow.

A suitable surfactant has the formula: HO- PO _y EO _x PO _y -H, wherein x is from 1 to 50, and each y is independently from 1 to 50. Suitable surfactants are the Pluronic RPE series of surfactants from BASF.

Other suitable surfactants include hydroxy mixed ether surfactants. The hydroxy mixed ether surfactants can be modified and/or endcapped. Suitable hydroxy mixed ether surfactants are Dehypon E127 and Dehypon GRA, both from BASF.

A suitable surfactant is amine oxide,

A suitable surfactant is betaine.

A suitable surfactant is an anionic surfactant selected from alkyl ether sulphates, alkyl sulphates, alkyl sulphonates, and any combination thereof.

Other ingredients

Other suitable ingredients include aesthetic ingredients, fillers, glass care ingredients, metal care ingredients, perfumes, solvents, suds control agents, and any combination thereof.

Suitable fillers include sulphate salts. Suitable sulphate salts are alkali metal salts of sulphate and/or alkaline earth metal salts of sulphate. Preferred sulphate salts are selected from magnesium sulphate, sodium sulphate, and any combination thereof, most preferably sodium sulphate.

Suitable glass care ingredients include zinc-containing compounds. Suitable zinc-containing compounds include hydrozincite.

Suitable metal care ingredients include benzotriazole (BTA), tolyltriazole (TTA), their saltforms, and any combination thereof. Preferred salt-forms are sodium forms of BTA and TTA. Suitable solvents include alkanolamines, polyethers, polyols, and any combination thereof.

Suitable alkanolamines are selected from monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, and any combination thereof.

Suitable polyethers are selected from glycerol ethers, polyethyleneglycol (PEG), polypropyleneglycol (PPG), glycol ethers, and any combination thereof. Suitable glycol ethers are the E-series and P-series of glycol ethers from Dow.

Suitable polyols are selected from propanediol, glycerol, sorbitol, and any combination thereof.

The solvent can act as a process aid and/or a benefit agent.

Laundry Detergent Pouch

In some examples a water-soluble unit dose article comprises at least one water-soluble film orientated to create at least one unit dose internal compartment, wherein the at least one unit dose internal compartment comprises a detergent composition. The water-soluble film and the detergent composition are described in more detail below. In some examples the consumer product comprises a container and at least one water-soluble unit dose article, in some cases at least two water-soluble unit dose articles, in some cases at least 20 water-soluble unit dose articles, in some cases at least 30 water-soluble unit dose articles. A water-soluble unit dose article is in some examples in the form of a pouch. A water-soluble unit dose article comprises in some examples a unitary dose of a composition as a volume sufficient to provide a benefit in an end application. The water-soluble unit dose article comprises in some examples one water-soluble film shaped such that the unit-dose article comprises at least one internal compartment surrounded by the water-soluble film. The at least one compartment comprises a cleaning composition. The water-soluble film is sealed such that the cleaning composition does not leak out of the compartment during storage. However, upon addition of the water-soluble unit dose article to water, the water-soluble film dissolves and releases the contents of the internal compartment into the wash liquor. The unit dose article may comprise more than one compartment, at least two compartments, or at least three compartments, or at least four compartments, or even at least five compartments. The compartments may be arranged in superposed orientation, i.e. one positioned on top of the other. Alternatively, the compartments may be positioned in a side-by-side orientation, i.e. one orientated next to the other. The compartments may be orientated in a ‘tyre and rim’ arrangement, i.e. a first compartment is positioned next to a second compartment, but the first compartment at least partially surrounds the second compartment, but does not completely enclose the second compartment. Alternatively, one compartment may be completely enclosed within another compartment. In some examples the unit dose article comprises at least two compartments, one of the compartments being smaller than the other compartment. In some examples the unit dose article comprises at least three compartments, two of the compartments may be smaller than the third compartment, and in some examples the smaller compartments being superposed on the larger compartment. The superposed compartments are in some examples orientated side-by-side. In some examples each individual unit dose article may have a weight of between 10g and 40g, or even between 15g and 35g. The water soluble film may be soluble or dispersible in water. Prior to be being formed into a unit dose article, the water-soluble film has in some examples a thickness of from 20 to 150 micron, in other examples 35 to 125 micron, in further examples 50 to 110 micron, in yet further examples about 76 micron. Example water soluble film materials comprise polymeric materials. The film material can, for example, be obtained by casting, blow-moulding, extrusion or blown extrusion of the polymeric material. In some examples, the water-soluble film comprises polyvinyl alcohol homopolymer or polyvinyl alcohol copolymer, for example a blend of polyvinylalcohol homopolymers and/or polyvinylalcohol copolymers, wherein the polyvinyl alcohol copolymers preferably are selected from sulphonated and carboxylated anionic polyvinylalcohol copolymers especially carboxylated anionic polyvinylalcohol copolymers, for example a blend of a polyvinylalcohol homopolymer and a carboxylated anionic polyvinylalcohol copolymer, alternatively a blend of two or more preferably two polyvinyl alcohol homopolymers. In some examples water soluble films are those supplied by Monosol under the trade references M8630, M8900, M8779, M8310. In some examples the film may be opaque, transparent or translucent. The film may comprise a printed area. The area of print may be achieved using techniques such as flexographic printing or inkjet printing. The film may comprise an aversive agent, for example a bittering agent. Suitable bittering agents include, but are not limited to, naringin, sucrose octaacetate, quinine hydrochloride, denatonium benzoate, or mixtures thereof. Example levels of aversive agent include, but are not limited to, 1 to 5000ppm, 100 to 2500ppm, or 250 to 2000ppm. The water-soluble film or water-soluble unit dose article or both may be coated with a lubricating agent. In some examples, the lubricating agent is selected from talc, zinc oxide, silicas, siloxanes, zeolites, silicic acid, alumina, sodium sulphate, potassium sulphate, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, sodium citrate, sodium tripolyphosphate, potassium citrate, potassium tripolyphosphate, calcium stearate, zinc stearate, magnesium stearate, starch, modified starches, clay, kaolin, gypsum, cyclodextrins or mixtures thereof.

The detergent composition may comprise a solid, a liquid or a mixture thereof. The term liquid includes a gel, a solution, a dispersion, a paste, or a mixture thereof. The solid may be a powder. By powder we herein mean that the detergent composition may comprise solid particulates or may be a single homogenous solid. In some examples, the powder detergent composition comprises particles. This means that the powder detergent composition comprises individual solid particles as opposed to the solid being a single homogenous solid. The particles may be free-flowing or may be compacted. A laundry detergent composition can be used in a fabric hand wash operation or may be used in an automatic machine fabric wash operation, for example in an automatic machine fabric wash operation. Example laundry detergent compositions comprise a non-soap surfactant, wherein the non-soap surfactant comprises an anionic non-soap surfactant and a non-ionic surfactant. In some examples, the laundry detergent composition comprises between 10% and 60%, or between 20% and 55% by weight of the laundry detergent composition of the non-soap surfactant. Example weight ratio of non-soap anionic surfactant to nonionic surfactant are from 1 : 1 to 20: 1, from 1.5: 1 to 17.5: 1, from 2: 1 to 15: 1, or from 2.5: 1 to 13: 1. Example non-soap anionic surfactants comprises linear alkylbenzene sulphonate, alkyl sulphate anionic surfactant or a mixture thereof. Example weight ratio of linear alkylbenzene sulphonate to alkyl sulphate anionic surfactant are from 1 :2 to 9: 1, from 1 : 1 to 7: 1, from 1 : 1 to 5: 1, or from 1 : 1 to 4: 1. Example linear alkylbenzene sulphonates are C10-C16 alkyl benzene sulfonic acids, or Cn- C14 alkyl benzene sulfonic acids. By ‘linear’, we herein mean the alkyl group is linear. Example alkyl sulphate anionic surfactant may comprise alkoxylated alkyl sulphate or non-alkoxylated alkyl sulphate or a mixture thereof. Example alkoxylated alkyl sulphate anionic surfactant comprise an ethoxylated alkyl sulphate anionic surfactant. Example alkyl sulphate anionic surfactant may comprise an ethoxylated alkyl sulphate anionic surfactant with a mol average degree of ethoxylation from 1 to 5, from 1 to 3, or from 2 to 3. Example alkyl sulphate anionic surfactant may comprise a non-ethoxylated alkyl sulphate and an ethoxylated alkyl sulphate wherein the mol average degree of ethoxylation of the alkyl sulphate anionic surfactant is from 1 to 5, from 1 to 3, or from 2 to 3. Example alkyl fraction of the alkyl sulphate anionic surfactant are derived from fatty alcohols, oxo-synthesized alcohols, Guerbet alcohols, or mixtures thereof. In some examples, the laundry detergent composition comprises between 10% and 50%, between 15% and 45%, between 20% and 40%, or between 30% and 40% by weight of the laundry detergent composition of the non-soap anionic surfactant. In some examples, the non-ionic surfactant is selected from alcohol alkoxylate, an oxo-synthesised alcohol alkoxylate, Guerbet alcohol alkoxylates, alkyl phenol alcohol alkoxylates, or a mixture thereof. In some examples, the laundry detergent composition comprises between 0.01% and 10%, between 0.01% and 8%, between 0.1% and 6%, or between 0.15% and 5% by weight of the liquid laundry detergent composition of a non-ionic surfactant. In some examples, the laundry detergent composition comprises between 1.5% and 20%, between 2% and 15%, between 3% and 10%, or between 4% and 8% by weight of the laundry detergent composition of soap, in some examples a fatty acid salt, in some examples an amine neutralized fatty acid salt, wherein in some examples the amine is an alkanolamine for example selected from monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine or a mixture thereof, in some examples monoethanolamine. In some examples, the laundry detergent composition is a liquid laundry detergent composition. In some examples the liquid laundry detergent composition comprises less than 15%, or less than 12% by weight of the liquid laundry detergent composition of water. In some examples, the laundry detergent composition is a liquid laundry detergent composition comprising a non-aqueous solvent selected from 1,2-propanediol, dipropylene glycol, tripropyleneglycol, glycerol, sorbitol, polyethylene glycol or a mixture thereof. In some examples, the liquid laundry detergent composition comprises between 10% and 40%, or between 15% and 30% by weight of the liquid laundry detergent composition of the non-aqueous solvent. In some examples, the laundry detergent composition comprises a perfume. In some examples, the laundry detergent composition comprises an adjunct ingredient which can be selected from the group comprising builders including citrate, (encapsulated) enzymes including but not limited to proteases, amylases, lipases, cellulases, mannanases, xyloglucanases, DNA’ses, and mixtures thereof, bleach, bleach catalyst, aesthetic dye, hueing dye, brightener, cleaning polymers including alkoxylated polyamines and polyethyleneimines, soil release polymers, fabric conditioning polymers including Polyquatemium 10 (CathEC), further surfactant including amine oxide and solvent, chelants including aminocarboxylate and aminophosphonate chelants, dye transfer inhibitors, encapsulated perfume, polycarboxylates, structurant, pH trimming agents, antioxidants, preservatives, antibacterial agents including Tinosan HP 100, probiotics, and mixtures thereof. In some examples, the laundry detergent composition has a pH between 6 and 10, between 6.5 and 8.9, or between 7 and 8, wherein the pH of the laundry detergent composition is measured as a 10% product concentration in demineralized water at 20°C. When liquid, the laundry detergent composition may be Newtonian or non-Newtonian. In some examples, the liquid laundry detergent composition is non-Newtonian. Without wishing to be bound by theory, a non-Newtonian liquid has properties that differ from those of a Newtonian liquid, more specifically, the viscosity of nonNewtonian liquids is dependent on shear rate, while a Newtonian liquid has a constant viscosity independent of the applied shear rate. The decreased viscosity upon shear application for nonNewtonian liquids is thought to further facilitate liquid detergent dissolution. The liquid laundry detergent composition described herein can have any suitable viscosity depending on factors such as formulated ingredients and purpose of the composition.

The following are exemplary water soluble unit dose formulations. The composition can be part of a single chamber water soluble unit dose article or can be split over multiple compartments resulting in below “averaged across compartments” full article composition. The below composition is enclosed in a polyvinyl alcohol based water soluble film, more specifically a water soluble film comprising a blend of a polyvinylalcohol homopolymer and a carboxylated anionic polyvinylalcohol copolymer, alternatively a water soluble film comprising a carboxylated anionic polyvinylalcohol copolymer such as M8630 or M8310 ex the MonoSol company.

*Nuclease enzyme is as claimed in co-pending European application 19219568.3

**Lutensol FP620 ex BASF - ethoxylated polyethyleneimine (PEI600 EO20)

***poly ethylene glycol graft polymer comprising a polyethylene glycol backbone (Pluriol E6000) and hydrophobic vinyl acetate side chains, comprising 40% by weight of the polymer system of a polyethylene glycol backbone polymer and 60% by weight of the polymer system of the grafted vinyl acetate side chains

**** Lutensit Z96 (zwitterionic polyamine ex BASF - zwitterionic hexamethylene diamine according to below formula : 100% quaternized and about 40% of the poly ethoxy (EO24) groups are sulfonated).

***** T _excare SRA300 ex Clariant The following is a multi-compartment water soluble unit dose laundry article comprising a larger bottom compartment while having two smaller compartments in a side by side configuration superposed on top of the bottom compartment, following the Ariel 3-in-l Pods design, as commercially available in the UK in January 2020. The below compositions are enclosed in a polyvinyl alcohol based water soluble outer film, more specifically a water soluble film comprising a blend of a polyvinylalcohol homopolymer and a carboxylated anionic polyvinylalcohol copolymer, and a water soluble middle film comprising a blend of polyvinyl alcohol homopolymers, alternatively a blend of a polyvinylalcohol homopolymer and a carboxylated anionic polyvinylalcohol copolymer.

*Nuclease enzyme is as claimed in co-pending European application 19219568.3

**Lutensol FP620 ex BASF - ethoxylated polyethyleneimine (PEI600 EO20)

***poly ethylene glycol graft polymer comprising a polyethylene glycol backbone (Pluriol E6000) and hydrophobic vinyl acetate side chains, comprising 40% by weight of the polymer system of a polyethylene glycol backbone polymer and 60% by weight of the polymer system of the grafted vinyl acetate side chains

**** Lutensit Z96 (zwitterionic polyamine ex BASF - zwitterionic hexamethylene diamine according to below formula : 100% quaternized and about 40% of the poly ethoxy (EO24) groups are sulfonated).

***** T _e xcare SRA300 ex Clariant

Method to Measure the Average Force Required to Open the Recloseable Zipper

Typically, to measure the opening force of the zipper, the sample is first closed and then clamped on a force measuring device (tensile tester) with the sample blocked on each clamp that have been positioned to keep the zipper closed. One of the 2 clamps (where a load cell is installed) is then moved away from the other clamp with a constant speed (lOOmm/min) and the resistance measured by the load cell is recorded until the zipper is completely opened and the sample is fully separated. The average force required to open the recloseable zipper is recorded as the “peak” force recorded over the full experiment divided by the sample width (N/mm).

Method to Measure the Strength of the Heat Seal Between the Recloseable Zipper and the Polyethylene Layer

Typically, to measure the zipper sealing force on the polyethylene layer, a sample is clamped on a force measuring device (tensile tester) so that the paper side is clamped on clamp #1 and the free edge of the zipper is clamped on clamp #2. Clamp #2 (where a load cell is installed) is then moved away from the other one with a constant speed (lOOmm/min) and the resistance measured by the load cell is recorded until the zipper is fully separated from the polyethylene layer. The strength is recorded as the “peak” force recorded over the full experiment divided by the sample width (N/mm).

EXAMPLES

The outer layer of the pack substrate is a 150gsm Kraft Paper. The inner layer (for sealing and barrier) is a 6microns HDPE film layer laminated (via Adhesive) on the paper substrate. Such composite substrate (Paper + Adhesive + HDPE film) in forms of reels is pre-printed with the right artwork and then converted into a “Stand up pouch” pack (SUP) on a customized Horizontal Form, Fill and Seal machine (HFFS) with a thermo-sealed PE zipper in the inside.

The dimensions and values disclosed herein are not to be understood as being strictly limited to the exact numerical values recited. Instead, unless otherwise specified, each such dimension is intended to mean both the recited value and a functionally equivalent range surrounding that value. For example, a dimension disclosed as “40 mm” is intended to mean “about 40 mm”.