DEVICE CONFIGURED TO BE WORN ON OR AT LEAST PARTIALLY AROUND THE NECK OF A PERSON TO PRODUCE AN INTENDED PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECT

FIELD

[0001] The present invention relates to device configured to be worn on or at least partially around the neck of a person. The present application also relates to a device configured to be worn on or at least partially around the neck of a person to produce an intended physiological effect on the person. The present application further relates to a device configured to be worn on or at least partially around the neck of a person and intended to apply a force on the neck of the person to produce an intended physiological effect. The present application further relates to a device configured to be worn on or at least partially around the neck of a person and intended to apply a compressive force on the neck of the person to produce an intended physiological effect that is beneficial and/or protective of the person.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] The present application claims priority from and the benefit of and incorporates by reference in entirety of the following applications: (a) U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/250,952 titled "DEVICE CONFIGURED TO BE WORN OR AT LEAST PARTIALLY AROUND THE NECK OF A PERSON TO PRODUCE AN INTENDED PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECT" filed November 4, 2015; (b) U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/233,425 titled "A DEVICE CONFIGURED TO BE WORN ON OR AT LEAST PARTIALLY AROUND THE NECK OF A PERSON TO PRODUCE AN INTENDED PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECT" filed September 27, 2015. OTHER RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0003] The present application is also related to and incorporates by reference the following U.S. Patents and Patent Application Publications: U.S. Patent No. 8,900,169 titled "Methods and Devices to Reduce the Likelihood of Injury from Concussive or Blast Forces"; U.S. Patent No. 8,985,120 titled "Method to Reduce Slosh Energy Absorption and its Damaging Effects through the Reduction of Inelastic Collisions in an Organism"; U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2014/0277101 titled "Methods and Devices to Reduce the Likelihood of Injury from Concussive or Blast Forces"; U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2012/0197290 titled "Device to Reduce Slosh Energy Absorption and its Damaging Effects through the Reduction of the Flow of One or More Outflow Vessels of the Cranium"; U.S. Patent Application Publication No. U.S. 2015/0133992 titled "Methods and Devices to Reduce the Likelihood of Injury from Concussive or Blast Forces"; and PCT Application No. US2014/28004 titled "Methods and Devices to Reduce the Likelihood of Injury from Concussive or Blast Forces" (WIPO Publication No.

W02014143853).

BACKGROUND

[0004] It is known to provide a device intended to produce or facilitate a physiological effect on the person wearing the device such as described in the patents documents incorporated by reference such as e.g. U.S. Patent No. 8,900, 169 titled "Methods and Devices to Reduce the Likelihood of Injury from Concussive or Blast Forces" and U.S. Patent No. 8,985, 120 titled "Method to Reduce Slosh Energy Absorption and its Damaging Effects through the Reduction of Inelastic Collisions in an Organism" et al.

[0005] Such devices are configured to be worn on or at least partially around the neck of a person to apply a compressive force on the neck of the person to produce the physiological effect.

SUMMARY

[0006] It would be advantageous to provide improvement to a device intended to produce the physiological effect such as described for example in U.S. Patent No. 8,900, 169; U.S. Patent No. 8,985,120; U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2014/0277101 titled "Methods and Devices to Reduce the Likelihood of Injury from Concussive or Blast Forces"; U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2012/0197290 titled "Device to Reduce Slosh Energy Absorption and its Damaging Effects through the Reduction of the Flow of One or More Outflow Vessels of the Cranium"; U.S. Patent Application No. 2015/0133992 titled "Methods and Devices to Reduce the Likelihood of Injury from Concussive or Blast Forces"; and PCT Application No.

US2014/28004 titled "Methods and Devices to Reduce the Likelihood of Injury from Concussive or Blast Forces" (WIPO Publication No. W02014143853). [0007] It would be advantageous to provide an improvement to a device configured to be worn on or at least partially around the neck of a person.

[0008] It would be advantageous to provide an improvement to a device configured to be worn on or at least partially around the neck of a person to produce an intended physiological effect on the person.

[0009] It would be advantageous to provide an improvement to a device configured to be worn on or at least partially around the neck of a person and intended to apply a force on the neck of the person to produce an intended physiological effect,

[0010] It would be advantageous to provide an improvement to a device configured to be worn on or at least partially around the neck of a person and intended to apply a compressive force on the neck of the person to produce an intended physiological effect that is beneficial and/or protective of the person.

[0011] It would be advantageous to provide an improvement to a device configured to be worn on or at least partially around the neck of a person and intended to apply a compressive force on the neck of the person to produce an intended physiological effect that is beneficial and/or protective of the person and that facilitates and/or provides enhanced comfort and convenience for the person wearing the device.

[0012] It would be advantageous to provide an improvement to a device configured to be worn on or at least partially around the neck of a person and intended to apply a compressive force on the neck of the person to produce an intended physiological effect and that can be produced efficiently in commercial volume using developed/improved manufacturing/assembly techniques with selected/commercially-available materials. [0013] It would be advantageous to provide an improvement to a device configured to be worn on or at least partially around the neck of a person and intended to apply a compressive force on the neck of the person to produce an intended physiological effect that facilitates compliance with applicable standards to the device.

[0014] The present application relates to device configured to be worn on or at least partially around the neck of a person to produce an intended physiological effect on the person.

[0015] The present application relates to a device configured to be worn at least partially around a neck of a person and intended to produce a physiological effect. The device comprises a base, a core adjacent the base and a cover over the core. The core may be configured to provide a force on the neck of the person and at least one gap may be formed between the base and cover.

[0016] The present application relates to a device configured to be worn at least partially around a neck of a person and intended to produce a physiological effect. The device comprises a base, a core comprising a set of ends and a set of hinges and a cover over the core. The core may be between the cover and base and configured to provide a force on the neck of the person. The set of ends of the core may comprise a first end and a second end. The set of hinges may comprise a first hinge adjacent the first end and a second hinge adjacent the second end. The first hinge may be configured so that the first end can move from an open position to a closed position. The second hinge may be configured so that the second end can move from an open position to a closed position.

[0017] The present application relates to a device configured to be worn at least partially around a neck of a person and intended to produce a physiological effect. The device comprises a base, a core and a cover. The base may comprise a molded plastic material. The cover may comprise a molded plastic material; the cover may be molded on the base. The core may be between the base and cover; core may be configured to provide a force on the neck of the person and an identifier on at least one of the base and the cover.

FIGURES

[0018] FIGURE 1A is a schematic diagram of a device on a neck of a person according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0019] FIGURE IB is a schematic diagram of a device on a neck of a person according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0020] FIGURE 1C is a schematic diagram of a device on a neck of a person according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0021] FIGURE 2A is a schematic perspective view of a device according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0022] FIGURE 2B is a schematic perspective view of a device according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0023] FIGURE 2C is a schematic perspective view of a device according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0024] FIGURE 3A is a schematic top view of the device according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0025] FIGURE 3B is a schematic front view of the device according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0026] FIGURE 3C is a schematic side view of the device according to an exemplar}' embodiment.

[0027] FIGURE 4A is a schematic diagram of a structure providing a core of the device according to an exemplary embodiment for a device.

[0028] FIGURE 4B is a schematic diagram of the structure providing a core of the device according to an exemplary embodiment for a device. [0029] FIGURE 4C is a schematic diagram of the structure providing a core of the device according to an exemplary embodiment for a device.

[0030] FIGURE 4D is a schematic diagram of the structure providing a core of the device according to an exemplary embodiment for a device.

[0031] FIGURE 4E is a schematic diagram of the structure providing a core of the device according to an exemplary embodiment for a device.

[0032] FIGURE 4F is a schematic diagram of the structure providing a core of the device according to an exemplary embodiment for a device.

[0033] FIGURE 4G is a schematic diagram of the structure providing a core of the device according to an exemplary embodiment for a device.

[0034] FIGURE 4H is a schematic diagram of the structure providing a core of the device according to an exemplary embodiment for a device.

[0035] FIGURE 41 is a schematic diagram of the structure providing a core of the device according to an exemplary embodiment for a device.

[0036] FIGURE 4J is a schematic diagram of the structure providing a core of the device according to an exemplary embodiment for a device.

[0037] FIGURE 4K is a schematic diagram of the structure providing a core of the device according to an exemplary embodiment for a device.

[0038] FIGURE 4L is a schematic diagram of the structure providing a core of the device according to an exemplary embodiment for a device.

[0039] FIGURE 4M is a schematic diagram of the structure providing a core of the device according to an exemplary embodiment for a device. [0040] FIGURE 4N is a schematic diagram of the structure providing a core of the device according to an exemplary embodiment for a device.

[0041] FIGURE 40 is a schematic diagram of the structure providing a core of the device according to an exemplary embodiment for a device.

[0042] FIGURE 4P is a schematic diagram of the structure providing a core of the device according to an exemplary embodiment for a device.

[0043] FIGURE 4Q is a schematic diagram of the structure providing a core of the device according to an exemplary embodiment for a device.

[0044] FIGURE 4R is a schematic diagram of the structure providing a core of the device according to an exemplary embodiment for a device.

[0045] FIGURE 4S is a schematic diagram of the structure providing a core of the device according to an exemplary embodiment for a device.

[0046] FIGURE 4T is a schematic diagram of the structure providing a core of the device according to an exemplary embodiment for a device.

[0047] FIGURE 4U is a schematic diagram of the structure providing a core of the device according to an exemplary embodiment for a device.

[0048] FIGURE 5A is a schematic diagram of a device according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0049] FIGURE 5B is a schematic diagram of a device according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0050] FIGURE 6A is a cross-sectional view showing the joining of a backing at the core and insert of a core according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0051] FIGURE 6B is a cross-sectional view showing the joining of a backing at the core and insert of a core according to an exemplary embodiment. [0052] FIGURE 6C is a cross-sectional view showing the joining of a backing at the core and insert of a core according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0053] FIGURE 7A is a schematic diagram of the structure providing a core of the device according to an exemplary embodiment for a device.

[0054] FIGURE 7B is a schematic diagram showing a slot of the structure providing a core of the device according to an exemplary embodiment for a device.

[0055] FIGURE 7C is a schematic diagram of the structure providing a core of the device according to an exemplary embodiment for a device.

[0056] FIGURE 7D is a schematic diagram of the structure providing a core of the device inside a cover according to an exemplary embodiment for a device.

[0057] FIGURES 8A to 8C are schematic cross section diagrams of the device taken at different locations around the device according to an exemplar}' embodiment.

[0058] FIGURE 9A is a schematic diagram of the base of the device according to an exemplary embodiment of the device.

[0059] FIGURE 9B is a schematic diagram of the base and core of the device according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0060] FIGURE 9C is a schematic diagram of the interface between an interior surface of a base and an interior surface of a cover according to an exemplary embodiment for a device.

[0061] FIGURE 9D is a schematic diagram of the device according to an exemplary

embodiment.

[0062] FIGURE 9E is a schematic diagram of the device according to an exemplary

embodiment. [0063] FIGURE 1 OA is a schematic fragmentary cross-section view of the device according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0064] FIGURES 10B and IOC are schematic fragmentary perspective views of the core of the device according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0065] FIGURE 11 is schematic cross section view of a device according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0066] FIGURE 12A is a schematic detail cross-section fragmentary view of the device according to an exemplary embodiment,

[0067] FIGURE 12AX is a schematic detail cross-section fragmentary view of the device according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0068] FIGURE 12AZ is a schematic detail cross-section fragmentary view of the device according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0069] FIGURES 12B to 12P are schematic detail cross-section fragmentary views of the device according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0070] FIGURES 12Qa and 12Qb are schematic detail cross-section fragmentary views of the device according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0071] FIGURE 12R is a schematic detail cross-section fragmentary view of the device according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0072] FIGURES 12Sa and 12Sb are schematic detail cross-section fragmentary views of the device according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0073] FIGURES 12T-12U are schematic detail cross-section fragmentary views of the device according to an exemplary embodiment. [0074] FIGURES 13 and 14 are schematic diagrams of the device on the neck of a person according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0075] FIGURES 15 A and 15B are schematic top views of the device according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0076] FIGURE 15C is a schematic view of the device according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0077] FIGURE 15D is a schematic rear view of the device according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0078] FIGURE 15E is a schematic top view of the device according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0079] FIGURE 15F is a schematic view of a portion of the device according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0080] FIGURES 15G and 15H are schematic detail cross-section views of the device according to an exemplary embodiment.

DESCRIPTION

[0081] According to an exemplary embodiment, a device is shown in the FIGURES configured to be worn on or at least partially around the neck of a person. See e.g. FIGURE 1 A.

[0082] According to an exemplary embodiment as shown schematically in the FIGURES, the device is configured (e.g. intended to provide improvement/modification for efficient commercial production) in a form substantially to produce or facilitate a physiological effect as disclosed and described in patents and documents such as U.S. Patent No. 8,900, 169 titled "Methods and Devices to Reduce the Likelihood of Injury from Concussive or Blast Forces" (incorporated by reference) and U.S. Patent No. 8,985,120 titled "Method to Reduce Slosh Energy Absorption and its Damaging Effects Through the Reduction of Inelastic Collisions in an Organism."

[0083] According to an exemplary embodiment, the device is configured to be worn on or at least partially around the neck of a person to produce an intended physiological effect on the person; the device may be configured to be worn on or at least partially around the neck of a person and intended to apply a force on the neck of the person to produce an intended physiological effect; the device may be configured to be worn on or at least partially around the neck of a person and intended to apply a compressive force on the neck of the person to produce an intended physiological effect that is beneficial and/or protective of the person; the device may be and to facilitate and/or provide enhanced comfort and convenience for the person wearing the device; the device may be configured to be produced efficiently in commercial volume using developed/improved manufacturing/assembly techniques with selected/commercially-available materials; the device may be configured to facilitate compliance with applicable standards to the device. [0084] According to an exemplary embodiment as shown schematically in FIGURE 1A, the device D is configured to fit as a "collar" at least partially around the neck N of a person P to apply a force F at or adjacent to veins V in the neck N of the person. As indicated schematically in the FIGURES according to an exemplary embodiment the device has a generally symmetrical form (variations in symmetry or form could be implemented according to an exemplary embodiment, for example, to alter the force provided at each side/end of the device in a customized manner for a particular person or purpose).

[0085] As indicated schematically and representationally, according to an exemplary embodiment, the device can be configured so that in use the device may fit at an appropriate position on and around the neck of the person (e.g. position relative to veins, etc. of the neck in a manner intended to produce the intended effect). See FIGURES 1A, 13 and 14. The device can be configured to be used by persons in any of a wide variety of applications, including but not limited to military use, law enforcement, sports (including contact sports such as football, hockey, lacrosse, motor biking, etc.), outdoor sports, construction/heavy equipment work, therapeutic/protective use, etc. See generally U.S. Patent No. 8,900,169 and U.S. Patent No. 8,985,120.

[0086] According to an exemplary embodiment the device is generally formed with a base B, a core or insert C and a cover R. See FIGURES 2A, 9B, 9D and 9A. The base and the cover provide the exterior surfaces of the device. See FIGURE 2A. The core or insert generally provides the structure and shape of the device (e.g. providing an internal structure to hold the base/cover in a form). See FIGURES 2A, 3A-3B, 4A-4B, 9B, 9D and 9A. According to an exemplary embodiment (as indicated in the FIGURES), the base and the cover of the device may be formed from a plastic material (e.g. injection molded polymer/elastomer/etc. material) to encapsulate at least partially the structure of the core/insert.

[0087] As indicated schematically in FIGURES 1A, 2A and 3A, the device or collar is configured to flex elastically out of and into an intended or set form for installation (e.g. flexing open at ends T to allow placement on/around the neck of a person) and use (e.g. flexing to the set position when worn around the neck of a person to apply a force such as compression on veins at specific or intended points).

[0088] As indicated schematically in FIGURE 1 A, according to an exemplary embodiment the core or insert C in combination with the base B and cover C will be configured into a form so that the device D will provide a force F at an intended/appropriate position on veins V of neck N of a person P wearing the device D. See also FIGURES 2A and 3A (showing that the device can be spread apart at ends T to fit around the neck of a person).

[0089] As indicated in FIGURE 1 A, the exterior of the base of the device will provide the interior surface in contact with the neck of a person wearing the device; the exterior of the cover of the device will provide the outward-facing surface of the device. As indicated schematically in FIGURES 9B, 11 and 12A, the core is provided between the interior of the base and the interior of the cover (e.g. the core is "sandwiched" between the cover and the base).

[0090] According to an exemplary embodiment the device is provided in a variety of sizes (e.g. interior circumferential dimension) corresponding to neck sizes/geometry of individual persons who may wear the device. According to an exemplary embodiment the device may be formed in a range of distinct sizes intended to correspond to a range of neck sizes; for example the device may be provided in nine distinct sizes intending to correspond to nine neck sizes (e.g. a common/conventional size range); indicia I on the device may provide notice of size (see e.g. FIGURES 2A and 9A).

[0091] According to an exemplary embodiment the device may also be custom-configured to a selected desired size or form (e.g. for an individual person neck size/geometry)- According to an exemplary embodiment the device when worn in the proper size by a person will provide a force on the neck/neck veins of the person at or near a desired location intended to achieve the intended effect disclosed and described in U.S. Patent No. 8,900,169 and U.S. Patent No.

8,985,120.

Base

[0092] According to an exemplary embodiment the base of the device is formed as a plastic part from a plastic/thermoplastic material/elastomer selected to provide a combination of properties including but not limited to strength, processability, durability and suitability for skin contact (e.g. ISO standards for material to be in contact with human skin), use/operation conditions, environmental effects, aging, etc. See FIGURES 1A, 2A, 9B, 9D and 9A.

[0093] According to an exemplary embodiment the base is formed as an injection-molded plastic part (e.g. in a tool/apparatus). As shown the base provides a seat or track TR for installation of the core (e.g. installation of band or flat spring). See FIGURE 9A. The device may also be provided with a section configured with a feature FT (shown schematically as an altered cross- section area at or adjacent to the application of force by the device to the neck of the person wearing the device). See FIGURES 1A, 8B, 9B and 9A.

[0094] According to an exemplary embodiment the base is formed of a material that is configured to establish a suitable bond (e.g. chemical bond) with the cover when the cover is applied to (formed on) the base. As indicated in FIGURE 9A, the bond is provided at the interface IF between the interior surface of the base B and the interior surface of the cover R.

[0095] According to an exemplary embodiment the bond that forms at the interface of the base and cover during the formation of the cover on the base (e.g. injection molding of the cover onto the base) provides suitable adhesion to retain the configuration of the device in use and over the intended useful life of the device. According to an exemplary embodiment no supplemental agent (e.g. adhesive or other externally applied material) is required to establish suitable adhesion between the cover and the base.

[0096] As indicated schematically in FIGURE 1 A, the exterior of the base of the device is in contact with the neck of the person wearing the device. According to an exemplary embodiment, the base can be provided in a material that facilitates enhanced comfort when in contact with the skin/neck of the person wearing the device.

Cover

[0097] According to an exemplary embodiment the cover of the device is formed as a plastic part from a plastic/thermoplastic material/elastomer selected to provide a combination of properties including but not limited to strength, processability, durability and suitability for skin contact (e.g. ISO standards for material to be in contact with human skin), use/operation conditions, weather/environmental effects, aging, etc.

[0098] According to an exemplary embodiment the cover is formed as an injection-molded plastic part (e.g. in a tool/apparatus).

[0099] According to an exemplary embodiment the cover is of a material that is configured to form a suitable bond with the base when the cover is applied to (e.g. injection molded on) the base. As indicated in FIGURE 8A the bond is provided at the interface between the interior surface of the cover and the interior surface of the base.

[0100] As indicated schematically in FIGURE 1 A, the exterior of the cover of the device may be externally visible when the device is worn by a person. According to an exemplary embodiment, the cover can be provided in a form/material that facilitates an intended appearance/presentation as well as durability to effects from the environment.

Core/Insert/ Structure

[0101] As indicated in FIGURES 1A, 2A, 3A, 4A, 9B, 9D and 9A, the exterior of the base of the device will provide the interior surface in contact with the neck of a person wearing the device; the exterior of the cover of the device will provide the outward-facing surface of the device and the structure of the core/insert will provide the form of the device.

[0102] According to an exemplary embodiment, the base and the cover of the device may be formed from a plastic material (e.g. injection molded polymer/elastomer/etc. material) to encapsulate at least partially the structure of the core/insert. See FIGURES 1A, 2A, 3A, 4A, 9B, 9D and 9A.

[0103] When assembled, the device or collar is configured to flex elastically out of and into an intended or set form for installation (e.g. flexing open at ends T to allow placement on/around the neck of a person) and use (e.g. flexing to the set position when worn around the neck of a person to apply a force at specific or intended points). See FIGURES 2A and 3A. The set form and applied force of the device is generally provided by the internal structure or core/insert between the base and the cover. As indicated, selection of the form/shape and/or

material/dimension of the structure or core may facilitate selectively designed variations in the position and level of force delivered the device. According to an exemplary embodiment shown schematically in FIGURE 4A and 4B, the structure or core is provided by a spring steel insert (e.g. made of a stainless steel such as SS 301).

[0104] Referring to FIGURES 11, 12A and 12D, as shown schematically according to an exemplary embodiment, the structure providing the core or insert C may be formed from a metal CM (e.g. metal alloy, stainless steel, memory-effect metal, etc.) or formed from an engineered plastic/fiber material CP capable of providing the structure/form and force. According to exemplary embodiments the structure to provide the form and force for the device may be formed into the structure of the base and/or cover of the device (e.g. operating as an integral form or in multiple components).

[0105] According to an exemplary embodiment the structure or core/insert is positioned in a track TR formed in the base as shown schematically according to an exemplary embodiment in FIGURE 9B and 9A. As indicated schematically, the track in the base for the core/band is configured to fit substantially around the inner portion of the device. As indicated, the form of the inner section or track of base to be engaged by the structure (e.g. core/band) can be modified to fit the form/shape and size of the structure (core/band).

[0106] According to an exemplary embodiment the structure of core/insert may be positioned in a track such that the gap (e.g. air pocket or chamber) is formed between the core/insert and an interior surface of the base adjacent to the track into which the core/insert is positioned; when the cover is applied to the base (e.g. to form the device as an integral unit) the chamber provided at the gaps is at least partially sealed to provide a cushion or "pillow" effect. See for example FIGURES 12A (showing gap G), 12D (showing gap GN), 12B (showing uncompressed gap GU) and 12C (showing compressed gap GC under force FV). Comfort/Cushion Effect

[0107] According to an exemplary embodiment, the device is configured to provide enhanced comfort for the user (e.g. person wearing the device, see FIGURES 1 A, 2A, 13 and 14).

[0108] Comfort of the user can be facilitated by various features of the device, for example, selection of the material of the base of the device which is in contact with the neck of the user, stiffness of the structure (e.g. spring/steel) providing the core, thickness/dimensions of the device or features of the device and other design features (e.g. including form of features FT adjacent the ends of the device and adjacent the veins of neck of a person wearing the device). See FIGURES 1A, 2A, 3A-3C, 9B, 9D and 9A.

[0109] Comfort of the user wearing the device may also be facilitated by providing a gap G in a configuration providing a cushion effect adjacent to the base and structure/core. See FIGURES 8A-8C, 11 and 12A (e.g. cushion provided by air gap in a channel or pocket between the inside of base and the core/insert).

[0110] Referring to FIGURES 12A and 12B-12C, the gap GU is in an uncompressed state and can be compressed to a compressed state GC by force FV (e.g. when being worn by a person) to absorb some portion of the force exerted by the device at the point along the base where the cushion effect is provided. As indicated, the device can be configured to selectively provide a cushioning effect at positions where appropriate (e.g. where unnecessary for function of the device for the intended purpose).

[0111] As indicated schematically according to exemplary embodiments, the gap may be provided in a variety of forms and configurations, for example by a fluid in gap GN (see FIGURE 12D), by a compliant material/foam insert GF (see FIGURE 12E), by a gel/gel-like material GL (see FIGURE 12F), by a uniform or segmented structure SB formed within the base (see FIGURE 12T), by a compliant material/foam segment or strip PB inserted or formed adjacent to or within a channel in the base (see FIGURE 12R) (or cover), by a compliant material/foam segment or strip PC inserted or formed adjacent the structure/core/insert (see FIGURE 12P), by a structure SB formed within the base (see FIGURE 12U) (or cover).

[0112] According to an exemplary embodiment shown schematically in FIGURES 12Qa and 13, the cushion effect/gap may be provided by an inflatable section GF that can be inflated at a valve A (e.g. shown schematically to be representative of any suitable type of inflation valve/stem).

[0113] According to an exemplary embodiment the gap may be inflatable using any

conventional type of inflation means. According to an exemplary embodiment inflation of the device may be employed as a means of adjusting the device to a particular size or improved fit for a person wearing the device (e.g. to ensure proper fit/comfort). See FIGURES 12Qa and 13.

[0114] According to an exemplary embodiment the cushion effect may be provided by any of a wide variety of materials included on or within the device. As shown schematically in

FIGURES 12A, 12D, 12E, 12F, 12B, 12C, 12Qa, 12T, 12R, 12Sa and 12U, the gap or cushion layer may be provided by structural elements integrally formed with components of the device (see FIGURES 12T and 12U), separate elements, air/inflated gaps (see FIGURES 12A, 12Qa, 8H and 12T) gel or fluid (see FIGURES 12E and 12F), attachments to the base (see FIGURE 12R), attachments to the cover, attachments to the core/insert or band (see FIGURE 12Sa), etc. According to an exemplary embodiment a material intended to provide a cushion material could be formed by an additional molding process (e.g. molded/formed) onto the base. According to an exemplary embodiment the cushion layer may be provided by an open-cell foam, a closed-cell foam, a gel material, a form fit. See generally FIGURES 12A, 12D, 12E, 12F, 12B, 12C, 12Qa, 12T, 12R, 12Sa, and 12U. [0115] According to an exemplary embodiment shown schematically in FIGURES 9B, 9D, 9A, 11 and 12A, the device is formed with a gap G created when the core/band C is installed and the cover R is molded onto the base providing a cushion effect.

[0116] The cushioning effect is an unexpected result and contrary to conventional product expectations for injection molding. The creation of air pockets was not an intended occurrence and is actually contrary to what is typically desired with injection molding where no pockets are desired.

Instrumentation/Sensor

[0117] According to an exemplary embodiment shown in FIGURE 14, the device may be provided with instrumentation and/or sensors as well as other associated systems and

components; such instrumentation may be used to collect and record/transmit data acquired during use of the device (e.g. including an accelerometer to measure forces/impact incurred during use, RFID/communi cations circuitry for data communications, battery power module, etc.).

[0118] According to an exemplary embodiment a pocket could be formed in the base or cover for installation of the electronics module. See FIGURE 14.

[0119] According to an exemplary embodiment the device may be provided with an electronics module providing for instrumentation and/or communications. According to an exemplary embodiment a module S is shown schematically in FIGURE 14. According to an exemplary embodiment the module will be packaged (e.g. "potted" or protected) in a manner to withstand the forming process (e.g. relatively high temperature injection molding) of the components of the device. According to an exemplary embodiment the module may be attached to the back of the structure or band providing the core or insert; the module may be encapsulated in a protective material (e.g. "potted") and attached to the base prior to formation of the cover onto the base. According to an exemplary embodiment all or some part of the module may be attached to the device during or after formation of the device (e.g. the cover formed onto the base).

[0120] According to an exemplary embodiment the electronics module may include

instrumentation, sensors, an accelerometer, data acquisition modules, timing/watch mechanism, solid state electronic modules, RFID tags, transmitter/receiver, transmitter, etc.

Materials of Construction

[0121] According to an exemplary embodiment the material for the base and/or the cover may be a plastic/thermoplastic material/elastomer such as commercially available from a commercial source of supply; according to an exemplary embodiment the material may be a

plastic/thermoplastic material/elastomer commercially available under the product name TPSiV from Multibase Dow Corning Corporation.

[0122] As indicated the material selected for the base (which is in contact with human skin) may be a softer material intended to provide for enhanced comfort by the person wearing the device (e.g. a reduced TPSiV hardness relative to the TPSiV hardness of the material for the cover).

[0123] According to an exemplary embodiment, the materials selected are able to be

formed/processed into the device in an efficient production process. According to an exemplary embodiment, the core/insert is bonded within the injection-molded materials of the cover and the base; core/insert when seated in the integrally formed device will retain its general position with respect to the cover and base and provide the structural integrity and proper location of applied forces as intended according to an exemplary embodiment. See FIGURES 1A and 2A. According to an exemplary embodiment the core/insert may be a plastic, glass-filled composite, fiber composite, preformed material, fiberglass material or any other structure suitable for the intended purpose of the device.

[0124] According to an exemplary embodiment the cover and the base of the device are chemically bonded together in an injection-molding process. According to an exemplary embodiment an agent such as an adhesive or mechanical bonding technique may be used in addition to or instead of chemical bonding of the cover to the base. Selection of materials for the cover and base may be based on any of a wide variety of criteria from existing/known materials that are commercially available; considerations include comfort, sensitivity to skin contact, weight, bulk, hardness, aging, processability, cost, etc.

[0125] According to an exemplary embodiment the core/insert may be provided as a metal, an alloy, a fiber-filled plastic material, other structural plastic material/member, reinforced nylon, modified/engineered plastic, etc.

Manufacture/ Assembly

[0126] As shown in FIGURES 2A and 3A-3C, according to an exemplary embodiment the device is formed from the base and cover with core/band.

[0127] According to an exemplary embodiment the base is formed of a material that is configured to establish a suitable bond (e.g. chemical bond) with the cover when the cover is applied to (formed on) the base. As indicated in FIGURE 9A, the bond is provided at the interface IF between the interior surface of the base B and the interior surface of the cover R.

[0128] According to an exemplary embodiment the bond that forms at the interface of the base and cover during the formation of the cover on the base (e.g. injection molding of the cover onto the base) provides suitable adhesion to retain the configuration of the device in use and over the intended useful life of the device. According to an exemplary embodiment no supplemental agent (e.g. adhesive or other externally applied material) is required to establish suitable adhesion between the cover and the base.

[0129] According to an exemplary embodiment the cover to the base may be facilitated by establishing adhesion surface areas such as shown as interface IF schematically according to an exemplary embodiment along and around the perimeter formed by base for attachment of molded cover to base. See e.g. FIGURE 9E (showing schematically a textured surface for interface IF). According to an exemplary embodiment the chemical bond formed at the interface of the cover to the base will be sufficient to withstand forces that the device will incur in use such as twisting/torque, thermal variations, impact, etc.; according to an exemplary embodiment the assembled device will be configured to provide an intended physiological/treatment purpose and to maximize comfort (e.g. to mimic the feel of materials thought to be comfortable in use such as urethane foam) and to provide a soft but resilient surface for the exterior of the base which is in contact with the neck of the person wearing the device.

[0130] According to an exemplary embodiment, the adhesion of the cover to the base will retain the core/insert or band or other internal structure providing rigidification and force for use of the device under anticipated loading/loads/forces, environmental effects and operating conditions.

Appearance - Indicia/Label

[0131] According to an exemplary embodiment, the device may be provided in a wide variety of forms and shapes and configurations adapted to particular purposes and objectives. For example, a device to be used by military may be presented in standard military colors/pattern and appearance; a device to be used by hunters may be presented in colors/patterns to call attention to the person (e.g. orange or yellow) or to provide concealment (e.g. camouflage color/pattern); a device to be used for a sport team may be presented in the colors of the sport team.

[0132] The color and/or pattern may be created at the time of manufacture (e.g. by the color of the materials used to form the device) or may be applied in a separate/later step or may be externally applied by a label or color treatment, etc.

[0133] As indicated schematically according to an exemplary embodiment, indicia indicated as marking I in FIGURE 1 A may be presented on the device. Indicia may be applied to the device in any of a variety of configurations including but not limited to molded into the material of cover or base such as indicia ID shown in FIGURE 2A, applied as a label to the exterior (e.g. on cover) as indicated for label I in FIGURE 1A, using an in-mold labeling process (e.g. to incorporate a label into the molded material of cover) shown as schematically label ML in FIGURE 2A, or by any other suitable means. See also FIGURE 9E (indicating schematically label EVIL for cover of device to show a form/texture). See also notch NT adjacent ends of the device with indicia shown in FIGURE 3A.

[0134] According to an exemplary embodiment the indicia on the device may be provided into any of a wide variety of forms for any of a wide variety of purposes including identification, affiliation, marketing/branding and advertisement/sponsorship, product attributes, model number/type, performance/size indicia, serialization, personalization, team name/identify, material properties, use instructions/directions, information, instructions, warnings/cautions, ornamental effect, etc. and combinations (e.g. with multiple indicia located at multiple positions on the device). Use and Application

[0135] Referring to FIGURES 1A-1C and 2A-2C, the device D is intended to provide a force F on the vein V of the neck N of a person P to achieve an intended physiological effect.

[0136] As indicated in the FIGURES, the device D may be configured with an insert core/band C that provides structure. The core/band C provides a form/curvature (e.g. default shape) that the device D will take in the absence of any exterior force, as indicated schematically in FIGURES 2A and 4A.

[0137] As indicated schematically in FIGURES IB, 2B and 4A according to an exemplary embodiment the person P will fit the device D on the neck N by application of a force spreading ends T of the device apart against the force of the structure/band C (which will attempt to hold the default shape as indicated in FIGURE 4A). The device D when on the neck N of the person will apply the force F at or adjacent to the veins V as the structure/band C is conformed to the shape of the neck N of the person (see FIGURE 1 A) but attempts to hold the default shape (as indicated in FIGURES 2A and 4A). See also FIGURES 3A and 3B.

[0138] Application of an opening force FO at the ends T causes the ends T to spread apart as the device D is fit on the neck or removed from the neck of the person wearing the device.

[0139] In the absence of a force (e.g. to spread apart ends T as the device is fit on the neck or from the neck of the person wearing the device), the device will be in a static form as shown in FIGURES 2A and 3A-3B.

[0140] According to an exemplary embodiment, the device D may be provided with a hinge HG so that the ends T can be spread apart as the device is placed on or taken from the neck of a person. See FIGURES 1C and 2C. The hinge may be implemented using any of a variety of arrangements and/or mechanisms. [0141] According to an exemplary embodiment, the hinge HG may be implemented using a snap action band/arrangement with core/band C. See FIGURES 4K-4L, 4M-4N, 40-4P, 4Q-4R and 4S-4T.

[0142] According to an exemplary embodiment, the hinge HG may be implemented using a pin hinge with slide lock with core/band C. See FIGURES 7A-7D.

[0143] According to an exemplary embodiment, the hinge of the device may be located at a position along the band/device offset from the centerline by an angle AH and may be configured to separate the ends T of the device in an opening angle AO. See FIGURE 5B. As indicated, the angle AH and AO may be selected in a range suitable for the application (e.g. from 0 to 30 or more degrees for angle AH and from 5-10 to 45 or more degrees for angle AO).

[0144] According to an exemplary embodiment shown schematically (using a snap-clip type of hinge arrangement), a force FO as shown schematically applied at or adjacent ends T of the device will open the device; as indicated schematically according to an exemplary embodiment, the force FO to open the ends T of the device (see FIGURE 5B) will be calibrated or established by design so that the force F when the device is fit on the neck (see FIGURE 1 A) is at the intended level (e.g. the threshold force FO to open the snap hinge arrangement to spread ends T is larger than the force F intended to be applied to the neck). In other words, according to an exemplary embodiment as shown in FIGURES 5A and 5B, the opening force FO required to open the device for putting the device on or removing the device from a user's neck is greater than the force F generated by the device D which keeps the device D in the closed position.

[0145] According to an exemplary embodiment as indicated schematically in FIGURES 5A and 5B, the hinge HG may correspond with an expansion point in the base and/or cover (e.g. the molded/plastic material) to facilitate proper ease and range of motion and to extend cycle life/fatigue life and protection from wear.

[0146] According to an exemplary embodiment, the core/band C of the device may include a core backing CB which is a structural reinforcement. See FIGURES 41 and 41. The core backing CB provides additional strength and rigidity, particularly when, for example, a snap-clip type of hinge arrangement is used, as in FIGURES 40, 4P, 4Q and 4R.

[0147] According to an exemplary embodiment shown schematically, the core/band C of the device may comprise variable thickness and/or cross-section and/or form around the structure (see, e.g. FIGURES 4F and 4H); the core/band may be formed form a metal material (e.g.

stamped and/or machined into form) or plastic/fiber material (e.g. molded into a

designed/engineered form).

[0148] According to an exemplary embodiment shown schematically, the core/band C may comprise a two-part/multi-component structure (see, e.g. FIGURES 4I-4J and 40-4P). As indicated schematically in FIGURES 4I-4J and 40-4P, according to an exemplary embodiment, the components of a two-part core structure C may be staked together (e.g. if metal parts, see FIGURES 6A-6B) or riveted together (see FIGURE 6C) or laminated together or formed together or held together in an interference fit (see, e.g. FIGURE 4J).

[0149] According to an exemplary embodiment shown schematically, the core/band C may be provided in a composite form/shape to include features such as slots SL, registration points RG (e.g. for association with the base/cover during installation to ensure proper placement and positioning, holes H, etc. See FIGURES 4B, 4C, 4D, 4F and 4G. [0150] According to an exemplary embodiment shown schematically in FIGURES lOA-lOC, sleeves or tips TP may be provided to fit on the ends of the core/band C (e.g. to reduce force/stress concentration, to provide cushioning, etc.).

[0151] According to an exemplary embodiment shown in FIGURE 12A, the core CM and gap G are formed between the cover R and base B. According to an exemplary embodiment shown in FIGURE 12Ax, the device D includes a core insert CA and core backing CB.

[0152] According to an exemplary embodiment as shown in FIGURES 12B and 12C, the gap G may be in an uncompressed state GU and upon application of a force FV the gap compresses into a compressed state GC.

[0153] According to an exemplary embodiment as shown in FIGURE 12Az, the gap may be omitted entirely such that the base B is directly adjacent the core C.

[0154] According to an exemplary embodiment, the gap may contain fluid (FIGURE 12D), compliant material/foam insert (FIGURES 12E and 121), gel or gel-like material (FIGURE 12F), pad (FIGURE 12G) or other structure (FIGURE 12H).

[0155] According to an exemplary embodiment, the core C may contain a pad PC which upon application of a force FV compresses (FIGURES 12J, 12K, 12P). As shown in FIGURES 12Sa and 12Sb, the pad PC may be on either side of the core C.

[0156] According to an exemplary embodiment, the gap may include one or more beads BD of a suitable material (e.g. rubber or foam) such that the bead(s) compress to at least partially fill the gap. See FIGURES 12L, 12M, 12N and 120.

[0157] According to an exemplary embodiment, the gap may be an inflatable bladder controlled by a valve A. See FIGURES 12Qa and 12Qb. [0158] According to an exemplary embodiment, a compliant material/foam segment or strip PB may be inserted or formed adjacent to or within a channel in the base such that the material PB is in the gap. See FIGURE 12R.

[0159] According to an exemplary embodiment, the base may form structures SB which interrupt or otherwise change the geometry of the gap, as shown in FIGURES 12T and 12U.

[0160] According to an exemplary embodiment, the cover and core/insert may be formed as one piece. The material of the cover and core/insert may be an engineered resin or plastic (e.g. nylon).

[0161] According to an exemplary embodiment, the device or one or more components of the device (e.g. cover, core/insert or base) may be formed by injection molding, compression molding or other suitable method.

[0162] According to an exemplary embodiment, one or more components of the device (e.g. cover, core/insert or base) may be joined by welding, laser welding, chemical bonding, supplemental mechanical bond or other forming technique.

Technology/Reference Material to Incorporate by Reference

[0163] The present application incorporates by reference certain materials that show/disclose technology that can be included/integrated in the device as shown schematically in certain FIGURES according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0164] According to an exemplary embodiment as indicated schematically in FIGURES 4K-4L, 4M-4N, 40-4P, 4Q-4R and 4S-4T, the device may comprise a band/core C that comprises a set of hinges HG (e.g. to spread apart to substantially open position and to restore to substantially closed/use position each of the ends T) implemented by a snap-action clip of a type generally shown in the following U.S. patent documents (incorporated by reference): (a) U.S. Patent No. 3,082,773 titled "Hair Clip"; (b) U.S. Patent No. 3, 170,470 titled "Hair Holding Device"; (c) U.S. Patent No. 3,389,709 titled "Snap Action Hair Holding Means"; and (d) U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2005/0109362 titled "Hair Clip".

[0165] The snap action clip can be implemented in a form and using a material configured to provide a suitable snap action for opening/closing ends T of the device D; as indicated in FIGURES 4K-4L, 4M-4N, 40-4P, 4Q-4R and 4S-4T, the snap action hinges can be formed in the band/core C. According to an exemplary embodiment, the device may comprise a band/core C that comprises a set of hinges HG for opening/closing ends T of the device D of a type generally shown in commercially available products (incorporated by reference) including, for example, as shown in (a) No-Slip Grip Oval Snap Clips (model number 3703803 A048) by Scunci (UPC: 043194370382; ASIN: B001SXNQDG); (b) Flat Colored Clips All Day Hold (model number 37172-A) by Scunci (UPC: 043194371723; ASIN: B003BD9NQA); (c) Black Contour Snap Clips by Scunci (UPC: 700064836255; ASIN: B00MOZWIH2); (d) Dream- Imagine-Create Snap Clips by Scunci (ASF : B0064PMK7Q); (e) Snap Clips (model number 4407) by Goody Classics (UPC: 781624753854 799289328775 041457044070 787461555538 785927294335 798813164230; ASIN: B00DE0EQEO); (f) Woman's Classic Oval Metal Contour Clip (model number 12304) by Goody (UPC: 885129631485 885470188935

041457123041; ASIN: B008BM2MRI); and (g) Bright Snap Clips by Goody.

[0166] According to an exemplary embodiment shown schematically in FIGURES 14 and 15A- 15H, the electronics module S with external connection EC and module EM of the device D may be packages as indicated conventional/known commercial product such as the FitBit Flex Wireless Activity + Sleep Wristband device commercially available from FitBit with model number FB401BK (UPC: 898628002649 797978636835 603470069609; ASIN B00BGO0Q9O) (incorporated by reference). As shown schematically in FIGURES 15G and 15H, the electronics module S of the device D may be packaged under a module cover MP (e.g. a molded material bonded chemically and/or mechanically to the cover R) and provides an exposed contacts or plugs for connection EC coupled to the operative module EM (which may comprise any of a wide variety of functional systems/circuits/etc. such as monitoring instrumentation, data logging, wireless communications, etc.).

[0167] According to an exemplary embodiment shown schematically in FIGURES 12Sa and 12Sb, the device D may comprise a valve A for inflation of an air gap G operating as an inflatable bladder between the cover R and base B (e.g. to enhance comfort or fit); according to an exemplary embodiment the device D may comprise a bladder/valve/pump arrangement of type generally shown in the following U.S. patent documents (incorporated by reference): (a) U.S. Patent No. 5,074,765 titled "Elastomeric Air Pump"; (b) U.S. Patent No. 6,513,265 titled "Shoe With Inflatable Tongue"; (c) U.S. Patent No. 5,987,779 titled "Athletic Shoe having Inflatable Bladder"; (d) U.S. Patent No. 5,257,470 titled "Shoe Bladder System"; (e) U.S. Patent No. 4,730,403 titled "Pressurized Ski Boot"; and (f) U.S. Patent No. 5,406,719 titled "Shoe having Adjustable Cushioning System".

Summary

[0168] The present invention relates to an improved device as shown and described in the specification and figures. The device may be configured to be worn on or at least partially around the neck of a person. The device may be configured to produce an intended

physiological effect on the person; the device may be intended to apply a force on the neck of the person to produce an intended physiological effect. The device may be configured to be worn on or at least partially around the neck of a person and intended to apply a compressive force on the neck of the person to produce an intended physiological effect that is beneficial and/or protective of the person; the device may facilitate and/or provide enhanced comfort and convenience for the person wearing the device. The device may be configured to be worn on or at least partially around the neck of a person and intended to apply a compressive force on the neck of the person to produce an intended physiological effect and that can be produced efficiently in commercial volume using developed/improved manufacturing/assembly techniques with

sel ected/commerci ally-avail abl e materi al s .

[0169] The present invention relates to a device configured to be worn at least partially around a neck of a person and intended to produce a physiological effect. The device comprises a base, a core adjacent the base and a cover over the core. The core may be configured to provide a force on the neck of the person and may comprise at least one gap formed between the base and cover. The cover may enclose the core in the base. The at least one gap may comprise an air pocket; the at least one gap may comprise a feature. The at least one gap may comprise an air pocket to provide a cushion for the cover and the base. The air pocket may be between the core and the cover. The feature may comprise a molded feature; the feature may comprise a gel material. The core may comprise a set of ends; the set of ends of the core may comprise a first end and a second end, a first hinge at the first end and a second hinge at the second end. The set of ends may provide a compressive force on the neck in use and a set of hinges to snap the set of ends from an open position to fit on the neck to a closed position. The device may be in the closed position in use. The base may comprise a molded plastic material. The cover may comprise a molded plastic material; cover may be molded on the base and comprise an identifier on the base. The core may comprise a metal band. The set of ends may provide a compressive force on the neck in use and may comprise a port to inflate the air pocket. The gap may be configured to provide a pillow effect. The core may comprise an insert and a seat in the base for the core. The base may be configured for contact with the neck. The cover may provide an exterior section for an identifier; the identifier may comprise a symbol; the identifier may comprise a label molded into the cover.

[0170] The present invention relates to a device configured to be worn at least partially around a neck of a person and intended to produce a physiological effect. The device comprises a base, a core comprising a set of ends and a set of hinges and a cover over the core. The core is between the cover and base and configured to provide a force on the neck of the person. The set of ends of the core may comprise a first end and a second end; the set of hinges may comprise a first hinge adjacent the first end and a second hinge adjacent the second end; the first hinge may be configured so that the first end can move from an open position to a closed position. The second hinge may be configured so that the second end can move from an open position to a closed position. The open position may be configured to facilitate placement on the neck; the closed position may be configured for use. The core may comprise a center and the set of ends. The base may comprise a molded plastic material. The cover may comprise a molded plastic material; the cover may be molded on the base; cover may be molded onto the base to contain the core and may comprise at least one gap between the base and cover. The at least one gap may comprise a feature; the at least one gap may comprise an air pocket between the core and the base. The feature may comprise a molded feature; feature may comprise a gap adjacent the first end and a gap adjacent the second end. The first hinge may be configured to snap the first end into the closed position; the second hinge may be configured to snap the second end into the closed position. The core may comprise a metal band. The first hinge may be formed in the metal band; the second hinge may be formed in the metal band. The set of ends may provide a compressive force on the neck in use; the set of ends may provide a compressive force on the neck when the set of ends is in the closed position and may comprise a port to inflate the air pocket and an identifier on at least one of the base and the cover. The identifier may be a molded feature; the identifier may be an in-mold label.

[0171] The present invention relates to a device configured to be worn at least partially around a neck of a person and intended to produce a physiological effect. The device may comprise a base, a core and a cover. The base may comprise a molded plastic material. The cover may comprise a molded plastic material; the cover may be molded on the base; the core may be between the base and cover. The core may be configured to provide a force on the neck of the person and may comprise an identifier on at least one of the base and the cover. The identifier may comprise an in-mold label; the identifier may comprise a symbol. The core may comprise a center and a set of ends. The set of ends of the core may comprise a first end and a second end and may comprise at least one gap between the cover and base. The at least one gap may comprise an air pocket between the cover and the base. The air pocket may be formed when the cover is molded on the base and may comprise a first hinge at the first end, a second hinge at the second end and a set of hinges corresponding to the set of ends. The set of hinges may be configured to snap the set of ends from an open position to fit on the neck to a closed position for use. The core may comprise a metal band. The set of ends may provide a compressive force on the neck in use; the set of ends may provide a compressive force on the neck in the closed position and may comprise a port to inflate the air pocket. The core may comprise an insert, a module attached to the base, a module attached to the cover and a module adjacent the base. The module may comprise a data storage function or data communication function. The gap may be between the core and the base; the gap may be between the core and the cover; the gap may comprise a cushion.

* * *

[0172] It is important to note that the construction and arrangement of the elements of the inventive concepts and inventions as described in this application and as shown in the figures above is illustrative only. Although some embodiments of the present inventions have been described in detail in this disclosure, those skilled in the art who review this disclosure will readily appreciate that many modifications are possible without materially departing from the novel teachings and advantages of the subject matter recited. Accordingly, all such

modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the present inventions. Other substitutions, modifications, changes and omissions may be made in the design, operating conditions and arrangement of the preferred and other exemplary embodiments without departing from the spirit of the present inventions.

[0173] It is important to note that the apparatus of the present inventions can comprise conventional technology (e.g. as implemented in present configuration) or any other applicable technology (present or future) that has the capability to perform the functions and

processes/operations indicated in the FIGURES. All such technology is considered to be within the scope of the present inventions and application.