DEVICES, SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR COLLECTING, GENERATING,

TRACKING AND/OR SHARING ENERGY

RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Serial No.

62/052,471, filed September 19, 2014, entitled DEVICES, SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR COLLECTING, GENERATING, TRACKING AND/OR SHARING ENERGY, and International Patent Application No. PCT/US 15/26482, filed April 17, 2015, entitled DEVICES, SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR COLLECTING, GENERATING, TRACKING AND/OR SHARING ENERGY, both of which are hereby incorporated in their entireties by reference herein.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0002] 1. Field of the Invention

[0003] The present invention relates generally to collection and/or sharing of energy.

More particularly, the present invention is concerned with devices, systems and methods for collecting and/or sharing energy in which energy is collected in and depleted from universal storage cells.

[0004] 2. Discussion of the Related Art

[0005] Each year, between five (5) and twenty-five (25) billion dollars is wasted in lost energy through use of personal vehicles. Similarly, between one percent (1%) and five percent (5%) of the energy consumed by small trucks is wasted each year, which translates to between one and one-half (1.5) and seven (7) billion dollars per year lost from use of commercial fleets. Although significant efforts are being made to make vehicles more energy efficient and to develop vehicles that operate on alternative energy sources to fossil fuels, such as electric vehicles (EV) or plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV), adoption of such alternative technologies has been relatively slow.

[0006] Current approaches to charging or refilling vehicles powered by alternative fuels present some of the most significant barriers to widespread adoption by the public. Thus far, for example, there has been a failure to provide technology capable of permitting drivers to charge their vehicles in a quick and easy fashion. Existing "refill" stations are prohibitively slow in operation, and are expensive to build, leading again to a barrier to widespread adoption. Typical stations have various kinds of outlet and inlet sockets and plugs (e.g., SAEstandard, CHAdeMO, NEMA and paddle chargers), and require hours to charge a battery fully while drawing power primarily from the electric grid. The fastest-charging plugs may improve aspects of this situation, but faster charging in such a manner puts significant strain on batteries and only perpetuates the wastefulness of energy infrastructure, with electrical grids consistently producing a greater supply than there is demand. No viable alternative to such stations has yet been developed.

[0007] As electrical energy pervades life to an ever increasing degree with everything from smart phones, internet-of-things (IoT), home energy, electric vehicles and personal renewable and clean energy projects, it seems reasonable a flexible and adaptable commercial energy exchange system able to conveniently power and transfer energy among a wide array of electrically powered devices may prove a useful and viable commercial entity. The ability to track energy among these different systems is also desirable.

[0008] It would therefore be beneficial to provide a solution that addresses one or more of the technological barriers discussed above that threaten to slow or halt the growth of important alternative fuel vehicles.

[0009] This background discussion is intended to provide information related to the present invention which is not necessarily prior art.

SUMMARY

[0010] Embodiments of the present invention address the above-described and other problems and limitations by providing systems and methods for using universal storage cells to power vehicles and other devices having electrical systems.

[0011] According to one aspect of the present invention, a kiosk for retaining a plurality of universal storage cells for rental and return at a point of sale location broadly comprises a plurality of bays, a plurality of bay access mechanisms, a point of sale access element, a plurality of power connectors, and a kiosk computing device. Each bay includes a cavity in which a plurality of universal storage cells are retained. Each bay access mechanism is associated with one bay and operates in an unlocked state, in which access to the bay is possible, and a locked state in which access to the bay is prohibited. The point of sale access element receives identification or credit information from a user to change the state of at least one bay access mechanism from locked to unlocked. Each power connector is positioned in one bay and is operable to electrically connect to at least one universal storage cell. The kiosk computing device is configured to receive data from each universal storage cell retained in the kiosk and to track the rental and return of the universal storage cells.

[0012] A second aspect of the present invention concerns a transport module for retaining and transporting a plurality of universal storage cells, the transport module broadly comprising a shell, a plurality of universal storage cell connectors, an electric power bus, a plurality of transport module connectors, and a transport module computing device. The shell includes a plurality of slots. Each universal storage cell connector is aligned with one slot and configured to electrically connect to one universal storage cell. The electric power bus is aligned with the universal storage cell connectors and electrically connects all of the universal storage cells to one another. Each transport module connector is configured to electrically connect to an external component in order for the external component to either receive electric power from the transport module or supply electric power to the transport module. The transport module computing device is configured to receive data from the universal storage cells and the external component and to manage the flow of electric power therebetween.

[0013] A third aspect of the present invention concerns a universal storage cell broadly comprising a housing, a plurality of electric energy cells, an electric power connector, a security circuit, and a universal storage cell computing device. The electric energy cells are retained within the housing, and each electric energy cell includes an electrically positive terminal and an electrically negative terminal, wherein the positive terminals of all of the electric energy cells are electrically connected together and the negative terminals of all of the electric energy cells are electrically connected together. The electric power connector is positioned on the exterior of the housing and includes an electrically positive terminal and an electrically negative terminal. The security circuit includes a positive connection path electrically connected to the positive terminals of the electric energy cells and the positive terminal of the electric power connector and a negative connection path electrically connected to the negative terminals of the electric energy cells and the negative terminal of the electric power connector. The security circuit exists in an unlocked state in which both the positive connection path and the negative connection path are electrically closed and a locked state in which at least one of the positive connection path and the negative connection path are electrically open. The universal storage cell computing device is configured to determine a security situation and switch the security circuit from the unlocked state to the locked state.

[0014] A fourth aspect of the present invention concerns a DC voltage to DC voltage conversion circuit broadly comprising a bridge circuit, a transformer, a smoothing circuit, a shutdown controller, and a pulse width modulation control circuit. The bridge circuit receives an input DC voltage from a first external component and is configured to convert the input DC voltage to an AC pulse wave form. The transformer receives the AC pulse wave form and is configured to step up the voltage of the AC pulse wave form to produce a high voltage AC pulse wave form. The smoothing circuit receives the high voltage AC pulse wave form and is configured to convert the high voltage AC pulse wave form to an output DC voltage with a voltage level greater than the input DC voltage, the output DC voltage supplied to a second external component. The shutdown controller receives an electric current level from the output DC voltage and is configured to sense an overcurrent condition and generate a first signal when the overcurrent condition is sensed. The pulse width modulation control circuit receives the first signal from the shutdown controller and is configured to generate a second signal to the bridge circuit when the first signal is received, with the second signal instructing the bridge circuit to adjust the AC pulse wave form.

[0015] A fifth aspect of the present invention concerns a software application for use with management of a kiosk which retains a plurality of transport modules and universal storage cells for rental and return. The software application broadly comprises a server application programming interface, a kiosk application programming interface, a transport module application programming interface, and a mobile application programming interface. The server application programming interface is configured to access information pertaining to a performance of a vehicle which is currently implementing a rented transport module or universal storage cell. The kiosk application programming interface is configured to collect data on an inventory of transport modules and universal storage cells retained by the kiosk and an inventory of transport modules and universal storage cells that are currently rented. The transport module application programming interface is configured to collect data regarding the status of universal storage cells retained by the transport module and to collect data on the current location of the transport module. The mobile application programming interface is configured to access information regarding an identification of one or more kiosks with universal storage cells that are available for rental and a number of universal storage cells that are available for rental at a given kiosk.

[0016] This summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form. These concepts are further described below in the detailed description of the preferred embodiments.

[0017] This summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the claimed subject matter.

[0018] Various other aspects and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments and the accompanying drawing figures.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING FIGURES

[0019] Preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures, wherein:

[0020] Fig. 1 is a diagram of a central kiosk and associated components in accordance with an embodiment of the present inventive concept;

[0021] Fig. 2a is a diagram of a central kiosk and associated components in accordance with an embodiment of the present inventive concept;

[0022] Fig. 2b is a sectional view of the kiosk of Fig. 2a, illustrating a first level for handling charged/replenished storage cells deposited at the kiosk;

[0023] Fig. 2c is a sectional view of the kiosk of Fig. 2a, illustrating a second level for handling depleted storage cells deposited at the kiosk;

[0024] Fig. 3a is an elevated side perspective view of a transport module and universal storage cell assembly according to an embodiment of the present inventive concept, with a plurality of storage cells seated in alignment along a platform of the transport module;

[0025] Fig. 3b is an exploded side perspective view of one of the universal storage cells of Fig. 3a, with electrical terminals shown in expanded detail;

[0026] Fig. 3c is an elevated front perspective view of the transport module of Fig. 3a;

[0027] Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a portion of an electrical circuit formed by a transport module and universal storage cell assembly, with the circuit being configured to receive electric current for charging the universal storage cells;

[0028] Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a portion of an electrical circuit formed by a transport module and universal storage cell assembly, with the circuit being configured to provide electric current for charging the electrical system of a user device;

[0029] Fig. 6 is a perspective view of an assembly of universal storage cells and a transport module, with the assembly being configured for reduced height profile;

[0030] Fig. 7 is a perspective view of an assembly of universal storage cells and a transport module, with the assembly being configured for increased capacity and height profile;

[0031] Fig. 8 is a diagram of system components according to an embodiment of the present inventive concept;

[0032] Fig. 9 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary computer-implemented method according to an embodiment of the present inventive concept; [0033] Fig. 10 is a diagram illustrating a plurality of electronic devices and an exemplary computer network of interconnected data transmission devices and data storage devices with which various embodiments of a network computing device may interact;

[0034] Fig. 11 illustrates various components of an exemplary network computing device shown in schematic block form;

[0035] Fig. 12 is a schematic block diagram of various components of an additional embodiment of the system;

[0036] Fig. 13 is a schematic block diagram of various components of an additional embodiment of the kiosk;

[0037] Fig. 14 is a perspective view of various components of the kiosk of Fig. 13;

[0038] Fig. 15 is a perspective view of other components of the kiosk of Fig. 13;

[0039] Fig. 16 is a schematic block diagram of a kiosk computing device;

[0040] Fig. 17 is a schematic block diagram of other components of the kiosk of Fig. 13;

[0041] Fig. 18 is a front perspective view of a transport module;

[0042] Fig. 19 is a rear perspective view of the transport module;

[0043] Fig. 20 is a front view of an access panel of the transport module;

[0044] Fig. 21 is a schematic block diagram of various components of the transport module;

[0045] Fig. 22 is a perspective view of the transport module with a plurality of universal storage cells installed in a vehicle;

[0046] Fig. 23 is a schematic block diagram of various components associated with a power connector of the transport module;

[0047] Fig. 24 is a schematic block diagram of a transport module computing device;

[0048] Fig. 25 is a schematic block diagram of an alternative embodiment of the transport module computing device;

[0049] Fig. 26 is a schematic block diagram of components of the alternative embodiment of the transport module computing device;

[0050] Fig. 27 is a schematic block diagram of components of the alternative embodiment of the transport module computing device;

[0051] Fig. 28 is a schematic block diagram of components of a DC voltage converter circuit; [0052] Fig. 29 is a perspective view of the front and the rear of a housing of the universal storage cell;

[0053] Fig. 30 is a schematic block diagram of components of the universal storage cell;

[0054] Fig. 31 is a side view of the interaction of a connector of the universal storage cell with a connector of the transport module;

[0055] Fig. 32 is a schematic block diagram of a universal storage cell module computing device;

[0056] Fig. 33 is a schematic block diagram of a security circuit of the universal storage cell;

[0057] Fig. 34 is a schematic block diagram of the communication between transport modules and a central computing server;

[0058] Fig. 35 is a schematic block diagram of various components associated with a software application;

[0059] Fig. 36 is a schematic block diagram of other components associated with the software application;

[0060] Fig. 37 is a diagram listing features of a first group of components of the software application; and

[0061] Fig. 38 is a diagram listing features of a second group of components of the software application.

[0062] The drawing figures do not limit the present invention to the specific embodiments disclosed and described herein. The drawings are not necessarily to scale, emphasis instead being placed upon clearly illustrating the principles of the preferred embodiments.

[0063] Furthermore, directional references (e.g., top, bottom, front, back, up, down, etc.) are used herein solely for the sake of convenience and should be understood only in relation to each other. For instance, a component might in practice be oriented such that faces referred to as "top" and "bottom" are sideways, angled, inverted, etc. relative to the chosen frame of reference.

[0064] It is also noted that, as used herein, the terms axial, axially, and variations thereof mean the defined element has at least some directional component along or parallel to the axis. These terms should not be limited to mean that the element extends only or purely along or parallel to the axis. For example, the element may be oriented at a forty-five degree (45°) angle relative to the axis but, because the element extends at least in part along the axis, it should still be considered axial. Similarly, the terms radial, radially, and variations thereof shall be interpreted to mean the element has at least some directional component in the radial direction relative to the axis.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0065] The present invention is susceptible of embodiment in many different forms.

While the drawings illustrate, and the specification describes, certain preferred embodiments of the invention, it is to be understood that such disclosure is by way of example only. There is no intent to limit the principles of the present invention to the particular disclosed embodiments.

[0066] In this description, references to "one embodiment", "an embodiment", or

"embodiments" mean that the feature or features referred to are included in at least one embodiment of the invention. Separate references to "one embodiment", "an embodiment", or "embodiments" in this description do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment and are not mutually exclusive unless so stated. Specifically, a feature, structure, act, etc. described in one embodiment may also be included in other embodiments, but is not necessarily included. Thus, particular implementations of the present invention can include a variety of combinations and/or integrations of the embodiments described herein.

[0067] Embodiments of the present inventive concept provide an avenue for expansion of alternative energy technologies, most particularly in the field of alternative fuel vehicles. The inventors have found that universal storage cells may have surprising benefits for the collection and distribution of energy. For example, the universal storage cell may be compatible with a wide variety of technologies used by device manufacturers, thereby broadening the set of consumers from which energy may be harvested, and to which energy may be provided. This may provide a critical mass, so to speak, of users needed to produce a thriving energy marketplace providing plentiful and readily available power sources. Such an alternative energy ecosystem may more closely approximate the benefits realized through use of gasoline-fueled vehicles, and provide a more viable alternative with fewer of the concerns that currently undermine consumer confidence in alternative fuels.

[0068] The universal storage cell may be stored centrally at one or more kiosks, providing locations at which users may drop off and pick up universal storage cells. Such a central kiosk may facilitate quick and efficient universal storage cell exchanges, allowing consumer users to pick up fresh, charged cells while permitting supplier users to drop off replenished cells and pick up depleted cells to charge. The users may additionally be debited for energy they deplete from universal storage cells, and may receive credits for energy replenished in the cells. The central kiosk may also act as a forum for managed energy exchange, whereby an administrator or automated administration program, such as a kiosk inventory program, may facilitate gathering of high value energy into universal storage cells by supplier users and selling of such energy to an electrical grid. The central kiosk may likewise facilitate depletion of low value energy from the universal storage cells by distribution to consumer users and buying such energy from an electrical grid.

[0069] EXEMPLARY SYSTEM EMBODIMENTS

[0070] Turning now to the Figures, Fig. 1 is a diagram that illustrates a central kiosk 30 according to embodiments of the present inventive concept. The central kiosk 30 includes an electrical system 32 having a solar panel array 34 that may provide a source of power to the central kiosk 30. The central kiosk 30 additionally houses and/or is in communication with a network computing device 36 for managing operation of the central kiosk 30. The network computing device 36 may be configured and/or administered by utility company(ies) in certain embodiments, and may additionally comprise and/or be in communication with user interface and manual data entry devices. The central kiosk 30 includes a plurality of bays, including bays 38, 40, 42, 44 for receiving and dispensing universal storage cells (not shown).

[0071] The bays 38, 40, 42, 44 serve as organizational hubs for the central kiosk 30 and as points of exchange with users and other bays or compartments. Namely, the bays 38, 40, 42, 44 may provide a point of access for users to deposit and/or receive cells, and such exchanged cells may be recorded as received and as residing in certain of bays 38, 40, 42, 44 or as distributed from certain of vacated bays 38, 40, 42, 44. Recording and tracking of the universal storage cells may be performed under the supervision and governance of an inventory program executed by the network computing device 36.

[0072] The bays of the central kiosk may, in certain embodiments, be multi-purpose with respect to distributing, receiving, charging, depleting, internally routing and otherwise handling universal storage cells. Put another way, each bay may be configured to distribute, receive, charge, deplete, route and otherwise handle depleted or replenished universal storage cells. In certain embodiments, however, specific bays may perform designated subsets of these functions. For example, bay 38 may be configured to receive one or more replenished or charged universal storage cells, for example from a supplier user that replenished the energy of the cell(s). Bay 40 may be configured to dispense replenished cells, for example to a consumer user. Bay 42 may be configured to dispense depleted cells, for example to a supplier user for replenishing the energy of the cell(s). Further, bay 44 may be configured to receive depleted cells, for example from a consumer user.

[0073] The bays preferably include at least some of the features described herein.

However, such features are not critical to the present inventive concept unless described as such. For example, the bays may vary in size and shape without departing from the spirit of the present inventive concept. Furthermore, in embodiments where universal storage cells are tracked via barcode, global positioning system(s) (GPS), or other unit and location-specific technologies, one bay may suffice for pickup and user exchanges. In such embodiments, universal storage cells may not be stored, organized and/or tracked in or in relation to such discrete, uniform bays, and may instead may be stored and moved about freely within larger contiguous spaces in the central kiosk in reliance on unit and location-specific technologies for organization and tracking.

[0074] The central kiosk 30 further includes an optical device 46 for recording video footage at the central kiosk 30, scanning barcode information from universal storage cells, and/or recording user credential information, with the foregoing activities preferably supporting receipt and storage of ID data regarding the universal storage cells and/or identity authentication data regarding the users of the central kiosk 30. The inventory program executed by the network computing device 36 may direct the functions of the optical device 46 and receive and store the data it gathers. The optical device 46 is preferably located centrally at the central kiosk 30, for example at a central access gate located along its perimeter, at a central pick-up/drop-off bay or space, or otherwise in a location permitting interaction with all users as part of their activities at the central kiosk 30. There may also be a plurality of optical devices scattered throughout the central kiosk, for example one optical device adjacent or within each bay, without departing from the spirit of the present inventive concept.

[0075] In certain embodiments, universal storage cells may each have an embedded radio frequency identification (RFID) transmitter/transceiver, permitting gathering of ID data and identity authentication data regarding the universal storage cells and users by a radio frequency identification receiver at the central kiosk according to known unit-based inventory management techniques. In still further embodiments, ID data and identity authentication data gathering may be performed by a module of the inventory program in communication with one or more data entry devices (e.g., keypads or user interfaces) at the central kiosk and/or with user computing devices, where such devices are configured for entry of such data and for transmission and storage thereof via the inventory program. The foregoing devices, taken together with the optical device(s) described above, may comprise a tracking system for providing ID data and/or identity authentication data.

[0076] The central kiosk 30 may further, in an embodiment, include a printer 47 for providing written receipts and the like to users detailing their transactions and exchanges with the central kiosk 30. The network computing device 36 may alternatively or also transmit electronic receipts and records to user computing devices (not shown) without departing from the spirit of the present inventive concept.

[0077] Handling and/or internal routing of universal storage cell(s) within the central kiosk 30 may be accomplished using a robotic inventory device 48. As illustrated in Fig. 1, each bay 38, 40, 42, 44 includes a door 46. Each door 46 may be opened and closed to permit access to an interior compartment and insertion or removal of a universal storage cell. The door 46 may be operated by the robotic inventory device 48, which in preferred embodiments operates in response to instructions issued by the inventory program running on the network computing device 36.

[0078] The robotic inventory device 48 is illustrated as an automated piston for operating the door 46. However, in certain embodiments, the robotic inventory device may comprise one or more other robotic elements such as powered carts, lifting and/or swinging hydraulically- powered arms, conveyor belts, and other known automated warehousing devices for moving objects, all without departing from the spirit of the present inventive concept. Therefore, in certain embodiments, universal storage cells may be shuffled from bay to bay, and to and from other compartments within or proximate to the central kiosk, by a plurality of automated machines such as those listed above operating cooperatively, without departing from the spirit of the present inventive concept. The robotic inventory device may additionally be located outside of the central kiosk, and may be attachable to a user device, without departing from the spirit of the present inventive concept.

[0079] The central kiosk 30 additionally includes a tray 50 within each bay for receiving one or more universal storage cells. In some embodiments, the tray is movable within the bay and the central kiosk more generally, and the robotic inventory device may act on the tray to move the universal storage cells about within the central kiosk. Further, the tray may be configured to receive a transport module (not shown) on which universal storage cell(s) may be seated.

[0080] Turning now to Fig. 2, a diagram of a central kiosk 60 according to an embodiment of the present inventive concept is illustrated. The central kiosk 60 includes an electrical system 62 comprising a solar panel array 64, emergency power backup supply line 66, solar energy input line 68, metered grid line 70, and hardwire boxes 72 mounted on the trays 74 of the bays 76. The hardwire box 72 provides an electrical connection with the universal storage cell(s) (not shown) mounted or resting on the tray 74 via any standard electrical socket/plug, such as those designated "A" through "O" by the U.S. Department of Commerce International Trade Administration (ITA), via a universal serial bus (USB), or via other known wired connection plug such as SAEstandard, CHAdeMO, NEMA and/or paddle chargers. Each bay may further include a converter or other electronic component, which may be fixed to the hardwire box or otherwise situated adjacent the bay, electrically interposed between the universal storage cell(s) and the electrical system of the central kiosk for altering the state of electricity flowing between the cell(s) and electrical system to make such energy more useable for one or both of the cell(s) and electrical system. It is also envisioned that the universal storage cell(s) may be charged at the kiosk or otherwise exchange energy with the kiosk via wireless methods, e.g., inductive charging/discharging, without departing from the spirit of the present inventive concept.

[0081] The electrical system of a central kiosk may include standard building wiring for operating the powered components of the central kiosk, input and output lines providing electrical communication with power sources and electrical grids, solar panels or other power sources dedicated to the central kiosk, hardwire boxes or other structure housing electrical connections to universal storage cell(s), power and/or data communication lines running to and from a network computing device (e.g., in embodiments where the network computing device is not remote from the central kiosk), power buses for providing electrical connections between numerous universal storage cells, an internal grid for providing a central point of access to shared energy sources, other known components for use in managing electrical flow to and from electrical grids, or any combination of the foregoing, without departing from the spirit of the present inventive concept. It is envisioned that the electrical system of the central kiosk will be electrically tied to universal storage cells via one or more converters, inverters or other electronic components for changing the electrical state of current flowing therebetween without departing from the spirit of the present inventive concept.

[0082] The bays 76 of the central kiosk 60 may additionally include data lines (not shown) running through the hardwire box 72 for providing data communication between the universal storage cell(s) and a network computing device 78. Such a data line may optionally be connectable to a USB port of the universal storage cell. In certain embodiments, data may also or alternatively be exchanged between the cell(s) and network computing device using wireless network or other wireless data connections, without departing from the spirit of the present inventive concept.

[0083] The bays 76 of the central kiosk 60 are arranged in two columns 80, 82. Column

80 may be configured to receive charged/replenished universal storage cells at drop-off area 84, while column 82 may be configured to receive depleted universal storage cells at drop-off area 86. The cells may be received individually or in groups. The cells may be seated within a transport module (not shown) or placed directly on the tray 74. Further, in certain embodiments where the cells are placed directly on the tray, the tray may include seating structure for receiving and securing the cell(s) thereon for transport within the central kiosk and/or electrical communication via the hardwire box.

[0084] The central kiosk 60 has an inner void designated as pick-up zone 88, located between the columns 80, 82, for users to enter and pick up universal storage cells. In the illustrated layout, a supplier user may, for example, drop off a charged universal storage cell at drop-off area 84, enter the pick-up zone 88 and retrieve one or more depleted universal storage cells that had previously been dropped off by another user at drop-off area 86. It should be noted that the user designation of "consumer" or "supplier" applies based on the user requirements during the referenced timeframe. For example, an individual could possibly visit a central kiosk under a user requirement to drop off a depleted cell as a "consumer" user, but may in his or her discretion choose to pick up another depleted cell as a "supplier" user, without departing from the spirit of the present inventive concept. A user may likewise be simultaneously designated as both a "consumer" user and a "supplier" user, for example where the user has requirements for both a depleted cell (e.g., for charging by the user's gas-powered vehicle) and for a replenished/charged cell (e.g., for use in powering a personal computing device), without departing from the spirit of the present inventive concept. [0085] As illustrated in Figs. 2b-2c, the central kiosk 60 further includes a robotic inventory device 90 which comprises a powered wheel/chassis apparatus configured to move each tray 74 in pre-determined paths within the central kiosk 60. A first level 92 of the central kiosk is configured to handle charged/replenished universal storage cells received at drop-off area 84. Following receipt of the universal storage cells on the tray 74 at drop-off area 84, an inventory program run by the network computing device 78 may instruct the robotic inventory device 90 to follow the pre-determined route within first level 92 to either deliver the universal storage cell(s) to column 82 or to a central repository 94. Similarly, following receipt of the universal storage cells on the tray 74 at drop-off area 86, the inventory program run by the network computing device 78 may instruct the robotic inventory device 90 to follow a predetermined route within a second level 96 to either deliver the universal storage cell(s) to column 80 or to a central repository 94. Once the trays 74 have arrived at their destination column 80 or 82, lifting/lowering elements (not shown) of a robotic inventory device may be used to position the trays 74 and/or cells for pickup at the pick-up zone 88.

[0086] The trays 74 may facilitate data and energy exchange with the universal storage cell(s) via the hardwire boxes 72, and may also facilitate data collection and exchange via a wireless connection with the universal storage cell(s). The central kiosk 60 may also be configured for wireless connection to the universal storage cells at various other locations throughout the kiosk 60. In certain embodiments, the trays 74 may also deposit or retrieve universal storage cell(s) to and from the central repository 94. The central repository 94 may serve as a compartment housing hardware for enhanced data/energy exchange with the universal storage cells (e.g., it may contain higher voltage/amperage charging apparatuses), for cell maintenance and switch-out, and/or for storage or overflow retention.

[0087] The central kiosk of embodiments of the present inventive concept collects and distributes universal storage cells individually or in groupings. The universal storage cells may be distributed for energy replenishing/charging by a supplier user and/or for energy use/depletion by a consumer user. Replenishing a universal storage cell is preferably accomplished by a supplier user using a transport module, which is an apparatus that receives and couples with at least one universal storage cell and provides an electrical connection between it and a user device. In a preferred embodiment, a transport module will seat between four (4) and eight (8) universal storage cells, will plug into the electrical circuit of each cell at electrical connections or terminals embedded in the cells, and further plug into a user vehicle's electrical system. However, the transport module may accommodate varying numbers of cells, and varying electrical connections according to various implementations, without departing from the spirit of the present inventive concept. In addition, the universal storage cells may exchange energy with the electrical system(s) of a user device via wireless transfers, e.g., via inductive charge transfer, without departing from the spirit of the present inventive concept.

[0088] Turning now to Fig. 3a, a preferred embodiment of a transport module 97 is illustrated seating several universal storage cells 98. The transport module 97 includes a platform or housing 100 with electrical system 102 including an AC appliances line 104, grid line 106, solar power input line 108, and bypass/split-charge relay line 110. Transport module

97 is configured for use in a supplier user vehicle (not shown) and also for depositing at a central kiosk. The variety of lines 104, 106, 108 provide versatility in the electrical exchanges the cells

98 may participate in, for example via connection to a complementary set of kiosk lines terminating in a hardwire box or via stand-alone connections provided in the absence of a central kiosk. Bypass/split-charge relay line 110 provides electrical communication with an electrical system of the supplier user's vehicle. (See Figs. 4-5 for simplified diagrams showing input and output electrical flows, respectively, between portions of an exemplary cell and transport module circuit and the electrical system of a user vehicle).

[0089] The transport module of a supplier user in some embodiments is connected to an alternator of the vehicle (typically a gas-powered vehicle), usually via its electrical system, for replenishment and/or depletion. In certain embodiments, the transport module is also or alternatively connected to regenerative braking hardware of the vehicle, via its electrical system or through an independent electrical connection installed for communication with the transport module. It is foreseen, however, that the transport module may be connected to a variety of energy harvesting, redirecting or generation systems installed in the user vehicle, for example to capture wasted energy of the vehicle, without departing from the spirit of the present inventive concept. Such systems may include regenerative shocks, devices that rely on piezoelectric, thermo-electric, and/or kinetic energy recovery techniques, and any combination of the foregoing, without departing from the spirit of the present inventive concept.

[0090] In this manner, a supplier user, who may be driving a gas-powered or other vehicle that wastes energy, captures some of its wasted energy and shares that energy with consumer users, typically through universal storage cell exchange via a central kiosk, as will be described in more detail below. The transport module of a consumer user in certain embodiments is used to power a user device, preferably the vehicle of the consumer user. In certain embodiments, for example where the user vehicle is a PHEV car and/or a gas-powered vehicle, the transport module may be connected to the vehicle at an alternator by-pass and/or a split-charge relay, usually via the vehicle's electrical system. This system configuration may further enable charging of the electrical system of the vehicle, including by charging its traction batteries. The universal storage cells may, therefore, either supplement or serve as the primary energy source for consumer user devices, including vehicles, in varying embodiments. The transport module and/or universal storage cell(s) may further participate in internal battery management for both gas-powered and electric power/hybrid vehicles in certain embodiments. It is envisioned that the universal storage cells may be used to power other user devices, such as AC appliances (e.g., where the transport module includes an inverter), personal computing devices such as desktop computers, or mobile devices (such as tablets, smartphones, phablets, netbooks, notebooks, PDAs (personal digital assistants)), wearable electronics, or other computing devices, without departing from the spirit of the present inventive concept.

[0091] The platform 100 of transport module 97 is generally rectangular in shape, with universal storage cells 98 standing vertically next to one another in a row extending along a longitudinal axis of the platform 100. When seated in the platform 100, the side faces of each cell 98 are oriented generally perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of the platform 100. Turning to Fig. 3b, each universal storage cell 98 is generally rectangular in shape with two large side faces 112, and has a relatively small thickness defined by a front face 114, top face 116, and rear face 118. The bottom portion of the universal storage cell 98 comprises a flared base 119 for sliding insertion and releasably fixed seating in the transport module 97.

[0092] The universal storage cells are preferably sized and shaped according to a standard protocol, such as by standards set by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI), to further promote the breadth of potential usage of the universal storage cell(s) across varying technologies and applications. The preferred cells are relatively small, for example approximately the size of the average notebook computer or tablet. Furthermore, the universal storage cells are preferably configured for communication pursuant to a standard communication protocol, such as CAN bus standard ISO 11898, MOD bus, X10, etc. [0093] The front face 114 of the universal storage cell 98 includes an embedded battery management system 120 including an energy status display for visually depicting how much energy is being stored in the cell. The battery management system 120 further includes a processor and mass storage device for monitoring and managing electrical input to and output from the universal storage cell 98, and for storing related data and instructions from a network computing device. For example, the battery management system 120 preferably provides realtime energy status data for the storage cell(s) to one or more databases stored in a memory element of the transport module and/or network computing device. User computing device(s) may be used to access such database(s) to retrieve the energy status data, whether via web portal, mobile application or other known means.

[0094] The front face 114 further includes a series of all purpose and/or standard sockets which may be chosen in whole or in part from among the standard socket/plug listing set forth hereinabove. The sockets included in the front face of the universal storage cell may, in certain embodiments, be chosen based on the geographic region in which the transport module is to be used, without departing from the spirit of the present inventive concept. Moreover, the front face may further include a USB port. The top face 116 may include a barcode 122 for tracking of the universal storage cell, for example by scanning at the central kiosk using an optical device or by a user computing device (not shown) such as a smart phone that is configured to scan and convert such a visual barcode into ID data. It should be noted here that the position of the battery management system, sockets, and/or barcode on specific faces of the universal storage cell is not critical to the present inventive concept and such components may therefore be arranged in various configurations across and within the faces of the cell without departing from the spirit of the present inventive concept. The cell may further include additional embedded components, such an RFID transmitter/transceiver, wireless card and/or radio modem, without departing from the spirit of the present inventive concept.

[0095] Turning now to Fig. 3c, the components of the platform 100 are illustrated in additional detail and include a dedicated ground wire for the electrical system of the transport module 97. The platform 100 includes cavities 124 that slidably receive the bases 119 of the universal storage cells 98. Each cavity 124 is shaped such that the platform 100 will snugly receive and securely seat the cell's base 119, and may optionally be supplemented with a releasable locking mechanism (not shown) for further ensuring that the cell 98 is firmly fixed in the transport module 97 during movement.

[0096] Each universal storage cell 98 further includes a pair of terminals 126, with each pair being located near the rear face of the cell and configured for engaging and providing electrical connections with complementary terminals (not shown) comprising a port adjacent the closed end of the cavity 124 in which the cell 98 is seated. Each transport module and each port/terminal pairing has its own unique identification number for tracking collected data attributed to specific modules/cells. The terminals may vary in size and shape, provided they are configured to complete an electrical circuit including at least the universal storage cell(s) and transport module, without departing from the spirit of the present inventive concept. Preferably, however, the terminals are of a standard size and shape to allow simple and easy use across multiple users. The terminals may be held against the electrical connections of the port using one or more plastic clip connectors, which are resiliently flexible and configured to press the terminal(s) against the port connections. Data communications between the universal storage cell and the transport module, central kiosk, and/or user computing device may be via the terminals, an independent wired connection, or using known wireless technology, without departing from the spirit of the present inventive concept.

[0097] The transport module 97 further includes an inverter (not shown) for changing direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC), and vice versa. In certain embodiments, the transport module may also or alternatively include a converter for stepping up and/or down the voltage of current flowing through the transport module. In certain embodiments, the transport module may include additional electronic components for changing the electricity flowing therethrough to one or more different electrical states, without departing from the spirit of the present inventive concept. Examples include diodes, transistors, integrated circuits, processors, optoelectronic devices, resistors, capacitors, inductors, transducers, linear regulators, switches, processing and memory elements for management of the foregoing, and any combination(s) of the foregoing. In some embodiments, some or all of such electronic components may be housed in the universal storage cell(s), without departing from the spirit of the present inventive concept.

[0098] The foregoing electronic components of the universal storage cell(s) and transport module may be configured to comprise an electrical circuit including at least a portion of the electrical systems of the universal storage cell(s) and the transport module, preferably for further electrical communication and use with a user vehicle. The electronic components, such as the inverter of the transport module 97 and the processor and memory element of the battery management system 120, work together to change the electrical state of electricity flowing to and from the universal storage cell(s) and, in preferred embodiments, may together comprise a universal power gateway.

[0099] The universal gateway preferably includes a processor, such as the processor of the battery management system 120 and possibly a network computing device, that is/are configured to change the settings or otherwise manage operation of the other components of the gateway to approximate one or more specific electrical states. An electrical state is a set of one or more specific values for the property(ies) of energy a given electrical circuit, such as voltage, amperage, and waveform (including whether alternating or direct current). The universal gateway of the present inventive concept thus acts on an electrical flow to alter its properties from one electrical state to another, preferably in view of and to approximate an optimal set of values. For example, a user vehicle having a traction battery that was designed and manufactured by a particular provider may be optimally charged at a particular combination of voltage and amperage values, while another vehicle or device may be optimally charged at a different combination or optimal use state. In the context of charging/replenishing a universal storage cell or battery, the optimal electrical use state may be referred to as the "optimal charge state." The universal storage cell of a preferred embodiment may be configured to input or output more than one electrical state concurrently (for example, using a series of internal linear regulators and switches) without departing from the spirit of the present inventive concept.

[0100] Turning now to Figs. 6-7, transport modules 130, 132 are each configured for use in different user vehicle types. Transport module 130 is configured to receive universal storage cells such that their side faces are generally perpendicular to the vertical axis of the platform, thus reducing the height profile of the module 130. This configuration may be more advantageously used in user vehicles such as hatchbacks or in the small vertical spaces in the rear of mini-vans (i.e., with the platform vertically oriented), where a smaller height or vertical profile for the cell/module assembly is required. Transport module 132 is alternatively configured to receive universal storage cells such that their side faces are generally parallel to the vertical axis of the platform, thus presenting a larger height profile. This configuration may be more advantageously used in user vehicles such as trucks or sedans having more room for such a larger profile assembly. It is envisioned that cells may be oriented in a variety of positions with respect to transport modules, including to optimize use with user vehicles having variably sized and shaped storage compartments, without departing from the spirit of the present inventive concept.

[0101] Having now described certain aspects of the system separately, we turn now to

Fig. 8, which is a diagram illustrating a number of system 133 components that may also be used to perform embodiments of the method of the present inventive concept, described in more detail below. The system 133 includes a network computing device 134 having a processor 136 of a processing element. The network computing device 134 additionally includes a use state database 138, a storage cell database 140, and an inventory program 142, with each of the foregoing being stored on a mass storage device 144 of a memory element. A network computing device for use with the present inventive concept is described in more detail below with reference to Figs. 10-11. The network computing device 134 may communicate with various other components of the system 133, and other components may communicate with each other, via communication links 146, described in greater detail below with reference to Fig. 10. It should be noted that the communication links 146 illustrated here are for example only, and are not intended to foreclose additional links between components of the system 133.

[0102] The system 133 further includes a consumer user's device 148 having an electrical system 149, a smartphone computing device 150, and a transport module 152 carrying universal storage cells 154. The transport module 152 further includes a converter 156 operably coupled to a control module 157, and each universal storage cell 154 includes a battery management system (BMS) 158. Control module 157 includes at least one processor 160 and a mass storage device 162. The converter 156, control module 157, and BMS 158 together comprise a universal power gateway 164. The system also includes a supplier user's device 166 having an electrical system 167, a smartphone computing device 168, and a transport module 170 carrying universal storage cells 172. The transport module 170 further includes a converter 174 operably coupled to a control module 175, and each universal storage cell 172 includes a battery management system (BMS) 176. Control module 175 includes at least one processor 178 and a mass storage device 180. The converter 174, control module 175, and BMS 176 together comprise a universal power gateway 182. [0103] The control modules 157, 175 preferably each include a unit control module

(UCM) which includes at least a processor that constantly measures converter 156, 174 output voltage, current and temperature, which information is fed back to a power distribution manager (BDM) that includes at least processing and memory elements, allowing the BDM to monitor converter 156, 174 performance as well as manage voltage and current output/input affording both constant voltage and constant current modes of operation. The control module of converters 156, 174 may therefore, in certain embodiments, participate in configuring energy flow into and out of the cells 154, 172 to approximate one or more optimal electrical use state(s), for example in response to configuration instructions from network computing device 134.

[0104] The BDM may further be configured for data communication with an onboard computer system of a user device comprising a vehicle, for example to retrieve on-board diagnostics parameter ID data regarding the vehicle's operation. Such data may be processed alone and/or with data collected regarding the operation and energy status changes of the universal storage cell(s), and provided to the user computing device and/or network computing device. Universal storage cell data is preferably monitored continuously and stored in system memory (e.g., in memory media mounted in the cell, NAND flash device of the transport module, and/or remotely). Results of such processing may be useful metrics such as charge transferred to cell(s) in comparison with gasoline consumed in transit, thereby giving a measure of the efficiency of waste energy capture according to embodiments of the present inventive concept.

[0105] In a preferred embodiment, the BMS is configured and/or configurable to manage internal electronic components of the cell(s), including all or part of the universal power gateway (thereby supporting creation of the target electrical states described herein), without limitation to any particular arrangement of internal or external power sources. For example, a universal storage cell may include a variety of internal power sources (e.g., a plurality of unit sources comprising lithium polymer, nickel cadmium, metal hydride, etc.) and/or a variety of external power sources (e.g., various vehicle electrical systems, traditional chargers used with alternative fuel vehicles, etc.). Regardless of which technology is employed, the BMS preferably is configured to configure electronic components of the system to maintain the desired electrical states. In a preferred embodiment, the user may manually enter one or more custom desired electrical state(s) and/or manually select a pre-programmed electrical state, for example via the personal computing device and/or a touch screen provided in connection with the BMS of the cell. The BMS of such an embodiment may, as with other embodiments described herein, configure the electronic components of the universal power gateway, for example a buck boost circuit or the like, to approximate such electrical state(s).

[0106] The system 133 further includes a primary central kiosk 184 having an electrical system 186 including an internal grid 188 electrically connected to input/output lines to external power sources 190, 192 and to bays 194 configured to receive and/or distribute universal storage cells 154, 172. The electrical system 186 additionally includes a solar panel array 196. The system 133 further includes a tracking system comprising an optical device 198. Central kiosk 184 is electrically connectable to an external power grid and power source 200, from which the central kiosk 184 may receive energy and to which it may transfer energy (e.g., at times when the market value per unit energy is low and high, respectively). The network computing device 134 is also in communication with a banking system 201 for exchanging information regarding user credit/debit payments. The system 133 further includes a robotic inventory device 202, configured to move universal storage cells at central kiosk 184 to and from various internal compartments and to exchange such cells with users.

[0107] The system 133 further includes an additional central kiosk 204 having an electrical system 206 including an internal grid 208 electrically connected to output/input lines to external power sources 210, 212 and to bays 214 for receiving and/or distributing universal storage cells 154, 172. The system 133 further includes a tracking system comprising an optical device 216. The system 133 further includes a robotic inventory device 218, configured to move universal storage cells at central kiosk 204 to and from various internal compartments and to exchange such cells with users.

[0108] EXEMPLARY METHOD EMBODIMENTS

[0109] Various embodiments of the method of the present inventive concept will now be described with reference to the system 133 of Fig. 8. The flowchart of Fig. 9 illustrates steps of an exemplary embodiment of the method. At step 300, the network computing device 134 of system 133 receives ID data, identity authentication data, and energy status data and, at step 302, stores the data in the mass storage device 144 of the network computing device 134. The data is preferably transmitted from a consumer user computing device (not shown), comprising information about a consumer user and universal storage cells 172 that were recently depleted through use in powering a consumer user device (not shown). However, it is envisioned that the data may be gathered and transmitted in whole or in part by hardwire boxes of the kiosk electrical system, wireless cards and/or RFID transmitters/receivers embedded in such universal storage cells 172, optical devices 198, 216, and/or other devices described herein, and any combination of any of the foregoing, without departing from the spirit of the present inventive concept.

[0110] ID data consists of information regarding the unique identity and/or location of universal storage cells, such as unique numbers or barcodes associated with particular cells. Identity authentication data consists of information indicating the unique individual or group identity of system user(s) has been confirmed by a secure process, such as password authentication or confirmation by the system that the user(s) possess a device or characteristic personal to the user (s). Energy status data consists of information regarding the level of actual or potential energy present in an electrical system, for example the charge status of one or more universal storage cells of the system. Preferably, energy status data for cells is reported and/or stored with reference to a universal energy storage standard. A universal storage standard is one that sets forth at least one property of the potential energy stored within a universal storage cell that should optimally be realized, for example a standard that all charged/replenished cells should store energy at twenty-four (24) volts. In a preferred embodiment, the universal storage standard is selected to make the cells useable with a wider variety of user device types across varying technologies.

[0111] The various data types may be transmitted and otherwise exchanged between system components separately from one another, or may be intertwined throughout such exchanges, without departing from the spirit of the present inventive concept. For example, ID data regarding the identities of the universal storage cells 154 may be transmitted as separate bits of data from identity authentication data regarding the consumer user. However, in some embodiments, these two types of data may also be intertwined, for example, when the ID data for the universal storage cells is transmitted via the user's authenticated (e.g., password-controlled) computing device, in which case the mere transmission of the ID data from the computing device may constitute identity authentication data according to the present inventive concept.

[0112] In the embodiment illustrated in Fig. 9, the ID data comprises unique inventory number identifiers for the seven (7) universal storage cells 172. The identity authentication data comprises unique device identifier data (e.g., device serial number, network address, unique software token identifier, etc.) transmitted by the aforementioned user computing device, which may be verified using information stored in the consumer user's profile by the network computing device 134 during the user's account signup process. The energy status data comprises a charge status for each universal storage cell 172, determined by the battery management systems 176, and indicates that each of the cells has been depleted.

[0113] The foregoing data is preferably transmitted by the user in connection with user requirements data indicating what the user would like to do next. User requirements data, like the other data types, may be transferred to the network computing device by any of a variety of conventional methods, including through entry into and transmission from a user computing device across a computer network. Preferably, user requirements data generally indicates the desire to drop off (or pick up, as the case may be) universal storage cells at a central kiosk, in which case such an exchange should be recorded.

[0114] User requirements data generally consists of information regarding what universal storage cells are desired for exchange and how such an exchange preferably should take place. User requirements data may include such information as a total energy requirement, a total number of requested storage cells requirement, and/or a user device type. The user device type data, when provided, may indicate such things as device range, average consumption, and optimal electrical use state. However, user requirements data need only provide a sufficient basis for the inventory program to deduce one or more ways in which it might fulfill the user' s needs, and need not be comprehensive, accurate or complete.

[0115] The inventory program may transmit a number of alternative options to the user via a user's computing device, particularly when presented with incomplete or inaccurate/unworkable user requirements data, without departing from the spirit of the present inventive concept. For example, a consumer user may request to drop off depleted cells at central kiosk 184 in a particular zip code, and to pick up replenished cells at central kiosk 204 in another zip code. If device type data for the user's device indicates it is a vehicle having energy needs and range that would not be sufficient to permit travel to the second, pick up zip code, the inventory program 142 may present a list of alternative options for review by the consumer user.

[0116] The user requirements data may, in certain embodiments, include information regarding a projected travel route the user may be planning to take and along which it would be desirable to pick up or drop off cells at a central kiosk or exchange same with another user. In such embodiments, it is preferred that the process for matching universal storage cells to the user, for example by executing an inventory program, include the steps of interfacing with a geographic mapping software application to further inform the choice of which central kiosk may best serve the user's needs. The inventory program of such embodiments may process such information to determine, for example, which central kiosks are both within the travel range of the user's device and holding the correct type of cells.

[0117] The user requirements may, in certain embodiments, otherwise designate specific cells and/or users with which an exchange is desired. For example, ID data regarding available cells may be transmitted by the network computing device to a user computing device, and the user may be permitted to select specific cells to reserve. For another example, a user may be permitted to choose another specific user with whom to form an exchange pattern or relationship. For yet another example, the user may request that the network computing device relay a notification to other users or groups of users requesting they act in some way to help the user realize an exchange of specifically-requested cells, or at specifically-requested kiosk locations or exchange locations. It is envisioned that a variety of user requirement data requests may be issued and acted upon by the network computing device, and other users, without departing from the spirit of the present inventive concept.

[0118] In certain embodiments, it is preferable for the network computing device to additionally receive and store data from the central kiosk(s) regarding the physical location(s) of universal storage cells, for example one or more bays in which they are stored and/or GPS coordinates, which may be linked to user requirement data in the matching process and incorporated into instructions issued to a robotic inventory device for moving or distributing such cells. Similarly, a user may include a preferred pick-up or drop-off kiosk location in transmitted user requirements data, which may for example be obtained by a location search and/or a GPS location function of the user computing device (e.g., smartphone, wearable device, onboard vehicle monitoring systems, etc.). In other embodiments, however, the consumer user may transmit user requirements data indicating a desire to directly convey the universal storage cells to a supplier user for replenishment, in which case the details of such an exchange would be received and stored by the inventory management system upon exchange and confirmation by both users, without the need for storing data regarding cell location in a kiosk. However, it is envisioned that the location of cells may also be intermittently or continuously monitored and stored when checked out to users, for example using a GPS tracking module mounted within the transport module(s), without departing from the spirit of the present inventive concept.

[0119] It should be noted here that much, if not all, user inputs, transmissions and other interactions with the components of the system 133, including provision of user requirements and other data described herein, may be accomplished through an electronic resource, such as an application, a mobile "app," or a website that might, for example, be executed on and/or accessed via the user computing device. In certain embodiments, portions of the electronic resource are embodied in a stand-alone program downloadable to the user's computing device, or in a web-accessible program that is accessible by the user's computing device via the network described below. For some embodiments of the stand-alone program, a downloadable version of the computer program is stored, at least in part, on the network computing device. A user may download at least a portion of the electronic resource onto the computing device via the network. After the resource has been downloaded, it is installed on the computing device in an executable format. For some web-accessible embodiments of the resource, the user may simply access the resource via the network (e.g., the Internet) with the computing device.

[0120] Returning to discussion of Fig. 8, where the user requirements data submitted by the consumer user indicates a desire to drop the universal storage cells 172 off at the central kiosk 184, the consumer user may do so, and the cells 172 may be recorded as present and ready to be picked up at the central kiosk 184 by a supplier user, to be charged from power source 200 and/or solar array 196, or to be otherwise utilized.

[0121] Shifting now to the supplier user, the system 133 may have received (step 300) and stored (step 302) energy status data regarding universal storage cells 172 according to a check-in and drop-off process by a consumer user such as that described above. Energy status data may also or alternatively have been received and stored according to BMS 176 measurements taken at the central kiosk 184, and/or according to measurements taken by other devices (e.g., via hardwire box connection) at the central kiosk 184. The network computing device 134 may then permit access, at step 304, to a storage cell database 140 containing ID data and energy status data regarding available universal storage cells such as cells 172, to support matching universal storage cells to the supplier user. [0122] Matching, at step 306, the supplier user with universal storage cells may begin with executing, at step 308, the inventory program 142. The inventory program 142 may then access storage cell database 140 at step 310, and process depleted energy status data against user requirements data relating to the supplier user at step 312. The result of this processing may be the proper matching of depleted universal storage cells 172 with the supplier user. Alternatively or in parallel with the aforementioned processing by the inventory program 142, the network computing device 134 may access the storage cell database 140 to retrieve depleted energy status data and transmit it to the smartphone computing device 168 of the supplier user at step 314. The supplier user may then select one or more universal storage cell(s) for pick-up at step 316, thereby completing the matching process. Pursuant to one or both of the foregoing matching processes, the universal storage cells 172 may be matched, individually or in groupings, with the supplier user. It is, however, envisioned that other known steps for processing and matching elements of data sets may be used without departing from the present inventive concept. Further, in certain embodiments, the inventory program 142 will designate the matched cells as reserved for the user.

[0123] In a preferred embodiment, once the universal storage cells 172 have been matched with the supplier user, the supplier user may arrive at the central kiosk 184 to pick up the cells 172. Before or upon such arrival, in a preferred embodiment the supplier user will, at step 318, transmit identity authentication data to the network computing device 134 (see discussion above), enter such data (e.g., a password) manually at the central kiosk 184, and/or present credentials such as a keycard or government-issued identification at the central kiosk 184. At step 320, the network computing device 134, preferably via executing the inventory program 142, may provide instructions to the robotic inventory device 202 to deliver the depleted universal storage cells 172 to the supplier user. In conjunction with delivery of the cells 172, the depleted energy status may be recorded and stored by the network computing device 134 in association with the supplier user's profile, for example in mass storage device 144, at step 322.

[0124] The supplier user may then replenish/charge the universal storage cells 172, for example using the waste energy collection devices and assemblies described hereinabove, and upon drop off of such cells at a central kiosk 184, 204 the network computing device 134 may, in addition to recording the data described above as part of a standard drop-off process, receive and record the replenished energy status data of the universal storage cells 172.

[0125] Shifting to a second consumer user, the system 133 may have received (step 324) and stored (step 326) energy status data regarding universal storage cells 154 according to a cell check-in process by a supplier user such as that described above. Energy status data may also or alternatively have been received and stored according to BMS 176 measurements taken at the central kiosk 184, and/or according to measurements taken by other devices (e.g., via hardwire box connection) at the central kiosk 184. The network computing device 134 may then permit access, at step 328, to the storage cell database 140 containing ID data and energy status data regarding available universal storage cells such as cells 154, to support matching universal storage cells to the consumer user.

[0126] Matching the consumer user with universal storage cells may begin with executing, at step 330, the inventory program 142. The inventory program 142 may then access storage cell database 140 at step 332, and process replenished energy status data against user requirements data relating to the consumer user at step 334. The result of this processing may be the proper matching of replenished universal storage cells 154 with the consumer user. Alternatively or in parallel with the aforementioned processing by the inventory program 142, the network computing device 134 may access the storage cell database 140 to retrieve replenished energy status data and transmit it to the smartphone computing device 150 of the consumer user at step 336. The consumer user may then select one or more universal storage cell(s) for pick-up at step 338, thereby completing the matching process. Pursuant to one or both of the foregoing matching processes, the universal storage cells 154 may be matched, individually or in groupings, with the consumer user. It is, however, envisioned that other known steps for processing and matching elements of data sets may be used without departing from the present inventive concept.

[0127] In a preferred embodiment, once the universal storage cells 154 have been matched with the consumer user, the consumer user will arrive at the central kiosk 184 to pick up the cells 154. Before or upon such arrival, in a preferred embodiment, the consumer user will, at step 340, transmit identity authentication data to the network computing device 134 (see discussion above), enter such data (e.g., a password) manually at the central kiosk 184, and/or present credentials such as a keycard or government-issued identification at the central kiosk 184. At step 342, the network computing device 134, preferably via executing the inventory program, will provide instructions to the robotic inventory device 202 to deliver the replenished universal storage cells 154 to the consumer user. The replenished energy status data may be recorded and stored by the network computing device 134 in association with the consumer user's profile at step 344. The consumer user may then deplete the universal storage cells 154, for example by using the cells 154 to charge the electrical system 149 of user device 148.

[0128] In a preferred embodiment, each of the consumer and supplier users described above will be credited or debited in their user profiles, respectively, for replenishing or depleting universal storage cells. In certain embodiments, the difference between recorded energy status data at pick-up and drop-off of the users' cells will be calculated and multiplied by a market value per unit energy to determine the amount to be credited or debited. In other embodiments, a relatively complete depletion or replenishment will be anticipated and assumed, thereby permitting crediting or debiting of the user account at or in connection with pick-up only. It is envisioned, however, that a variety of methods may be employed for calculating value conferred by and to users according to the present inventive concept without departing from its spirit.

[0129] Furthermore, it is envisioned that the network computing device may provide ancillary information to users based on aggregated energy status data, such as estimated pollution avoided through use of the present inventive concept over a period of time, number of trees saved, and the like. Similarly, the network computing device may associate such aggregated data with the user profiles, and may additionally report some or all such data at a user's request to government authorities and the like, for example to receive carbon or tax credits, where available. The network computing device may also permit profile and aggregated energy data to be shared on user social media platforms, upon user request. The network computing device may, in certain embodiments, combine user data with and/or access additional data from external databases, such as government energy usage databases.

[0130] It should be noted that the steps described above need not be executed in the order set forth in Fig. 9 unless explicitly stated to the contrary. For example, the gathering and storing of data need not occur in any particular order unless otherwise indicated, but may be transmitted, received, stored and processed in a variety of permutations without departing from the spirit of the present inventive concept. [0131] ADDITIONAL EXEMPLARY METHOD EMBODIMENTS

[0132] In another preferred embodiment of the present inventive concept, the central kiosks 184, 204 may serve as fora for managed energy exchange. For example, inventory program 142 may be configured to retrieve, receive and/or store market energy value data via network computing device 134. The market energy value data may be taken into account at various stages of the management and handling of universal storage cells.

[0133] When market energy value data indicates a relatively high value at a particular time or within a particular timeframe as determined by pre-determined program parameters and/or by a user/administrator, the inventory program 142 may instruct robotic inventory device 202 and/or components of the kiosk electrical system 186 to deplete one or more universal storage cells so that the resulting energy may be sold back to electrical grid 200 and/or to a local electrical system such as that of a nearby building or group of buildings or devices electrically connectable to the kiosk. Also or alternatively, the inventory program 142 may trigger notifications from network computing device 134 to users, for example to a group of users considered likely to have supplier user requirements, containing an advisory that picking up cells for replenishment may be timely.

[0134] Conversely, when market energy value data indicates a relatively low value at a particular time or within a particular timeframe, the inventory program 142 may instruct robotic inventory device 202 and/or components of the kiosk electrical system 186 to charge one or more universal storage cells from electrical grid 200. Available energy sources for charging cells at central kiosks may vary, and in some embodiments may include sources such as solar, wind, coal, nuclear, geothermal, hydroelectric, biomass, tidal, and natural gas. Also or alternatively, the inventory program 142 may trigger notifications from network computing device 134 to users, for example to a group of users considered likely to have consumer user requirements, containing an advisory that picking up cells for depletion may be timely.

[0135] The foregoing advisory notifications to users may contain a variety of supporting data, for example visual depictions of historical market energy value trends. Such notifications may trigger some of the recipient users to transmit new user requirements data to the system, for example in alignment with the advisory, thereby causing the inventory program 142 to match cells to such users accordingly, and provide appropriate distribution instructions to the robotic inventory device 202. [0136] In yet another preferred embodiment of the present inventive concept, universal power gateways 164, 182 configure universal storage cells 154, 172 specifically to approximate optimal electrical use states of, respectively, user devices 148, 166. Such configuration should preferably be completed prior to distribution of cells 154, 172 to users (see, e.g., steps 320, 342 of Fig. 9) or following distribution but before use by the user(s), but may in certain embodiments occur outside these timeframes as needed.

[0137] Configuration is preferably supported by use state database 138 stored in mass storage device 144 of network computing device 134. The use state database 138 contains packets of optimal use state data, each packet corresponding to at least one user device type, for example to a specific make/model for a vehicle. Each packet preferably includes one or more specified values for the properties comprising an optimal use state for the specified device type(s). The packets may further specify optimal charge state(s) for one or more cells 154, 172.

[0138] In certain embodiments, optimal use state data may also or alternatively be received directly from user devices such as devices 148, 166 and/or from user computing devices such as computing devices 150, 168.

[0139] Any of the processors of the processing element of the system, including of network computing device 136, BMS 158, 176, control modules 157, 175, and smartphone user computing devices 150, 168 may, alone or in combination, access the use state database 138, receive optimal use state data from user device(s) 148 and/or 166, and/or receive optimal use state data from user computing device(s) 150 and/or 168. Any of such processors may also, alone or in combination, adjust the settings of one or more electronic components (see discussion above regarding components of universal power gateways) of at least one of the universal gateways 164, 182 to adjust input/output properties and approximate the relevant optimal use state(s). In certain embodiments, there may be multiple optimal electrical use state packets for a given device type, in which case the retrieving and/or configuring processor(s) may be further configured to process additional information in connection with selecting a packet. Such additional information may include user requirements data, for example relating to the location of pick up or drop off, the range of the user vehicle in question, a proposed travel route, or other information that may be relevant to choosing between packets.

[0140] By way of example, the first consumer user of the method described above (with reference to Fig. 9) may have depleted cells 172 via a transport module supplying energy to the user's device (e.g., a car manufactured by a first manufacturer) at 240 V and 24 A. The supplier user matched with cells 172 (at step 306) may have a device type (e.g., a car manufactured by a second manufacturer) having an optimal electrical use state for replenishment of cells 172 of 110 V and 12 A. Therefore, in an embodiment, one or more processors will adjust one or more electronic components of the universal gateway 182 to approximate as closely as possible this 110 V and 12 A optimal electrical use state. Such configuration preferably occurs prior to distribution of the cells 172 (at step 320). In another example, the optimal charge state for the cells 172 may govern the target electronic component settings.

[0141] EXEMPLARY COMPUTER NETWORK

[0142] Fig. 10 depicts an exemplary environment in which components described herein

(e.g., embodiments of the components of system 133) may be utilized, and over which data communications may occur. Exemplary devices included in Fig. 10 include network computing devices 250. The environment may include a network 252 of interconnected nodes 256, user computing devices 254, and user devices 255. Data transfers may be initiated by the network computing device(s) 250 and/or may be requested by the user computing device(s) 254, such as a desktop computer, a tablet, a smartphone, or the like. A user computing device 254 may be running or executing an application or software that requires data to be moved from one location to another or one system to another, to copy or backup data, to update records, or the like.

[0143] The network 252 may be embodied by a local, metro, or wide area network

(LAN, MAN, or WAN) and may be formed using a plurality of known architectures and topologies. In some embodiments, a portion of the network 252 may be formed by at least a portion of the Internet, by communication lines that are leased from other entities, or by combinations thereof. The network 252 may be implemented within a small space such as an office or a building or across a larger space such as a city, a region, or a country. The network 252 may include a plurality of nodes 256 and a plurality of interconnecting links 258. In addition, links 258 may exist between the network computing devices 250 and the network 252, as well as the user computing devices 254, user devices 255, and the network computing devices 250.

[0144] Each node 256 of the network 252 may be a data storage device 260 or a data transmission device 262. The data storage device 260 generally stores data and is typically embodied by a data server and may include storage area networks, application servers, database servers, file servers, gaming servers, mail servers, print servers, web servers, or the like, or combinations thereof. The data storage device 260 may be additionally or alternatively embodied by computers, such as desktop computers, workstation computers, or the like.

[0145] In addition, the data storage device 260 may be configured to transmit and receive data to and from other devices. The data storage device 260 may have various performance specifications, such as bandwidth available, jitter, latency, capacity or throughput, and the like.

[0146] The data transmission device 262 may generally forward or pass data, including data packets, through the network 252 and may be embodied by a hub, a switch, a network switch, a router, or the like. The data transmission device 262 may have a plurality of input ports and a plurality of output ports, wherein each of the input ports may be connected to one or more output ports.

[0147] The link 258, generally indicated in Fig. 10 as a double arrowhead line, between any two nodes 256, any node 256 and the network computing devices 250, or any personal computing device 254 or user device 255 and the network computing devices 250 may be formed using wires, such as electrically conductive cables or fiber optic cables, or wirelessly, such as radio frequency (RF) communication using wireless standards such as cellular 2G, 3G, or 4G, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 standards such as WiFi, IEEE 802.16 standards such as WiMAX, Bluetooth™, or combinations thereof.

[0148] In various embodiments, each data transmission device 262 may be in communication with at least one other data transmission device 262 and, optionally, one or more data storage devices 260. Each data storage device 260 may be in communication with at least one data transmission device 262 and, optionally, one or more other data storage devices 260. Thus, the connection architecture of the network 252 allows any node 256 to communicate with any other node 256 either directly or indirectly.

[0149] The network computing devices 250, as shown in Figs. 10 and 11, generally manages a variety of data transfers across the network 252, as described in more detail above. The network computing devices 250 may include a communication element 264, a memory element 266, and a processing element 268.

[0150] The communication element 264 generally allows communication with external systems or devices. The communication element 264 may include signal or data transmitting and receiving circuits, such as antennas, amplifiers, filters, mixers, oscillators, digital signal processors (DSPs), and the like. The communication element 264 may establish communication wirelessly by utilizing RF signals and/or data that comply with communication standards such as cellular 2G, 3G, or 4G, IEEE 802.11 standard such as WiFi, IEEE 802.16 standard such as WiMAX, Bluetooth™, or combinations thereof. Alternatively, or in addition, the communication element 264 may establish communication through connectors or couplers that receive metal conductor wires or cables which are compatible with networking technologies such as ethernet. In certain embodiments, the communication element 264 may also couple with optical fiber cables. The communication element 264 may be in communication with or electronically coupled to the memory element 266 and the processing element 268.

[0151] The memory element 266 may include data storage components such as read-only memory (ROM), programmable ROM, erasable programmable ROM, random-access memory (RAM) such as static RAM (SRAM) or dynamic RAM (DRAM), cache memory, hard disks, floppy disks, optical disks, flash memory, thumb drives, USB ports, or the like, or combinations thereof. The memory element 266 may include, or may constitute, a "non-transitory computer- readable medium". The memory element 266 may store the instructions, code, code segments, software, firmware, programs, applications, apps, services, daemons, or the like that are executed by the processing element 268. The memory element 266 may also store settings, data, documents, sound files, photographs, movies, images, databases, and the like.

[0152] The processing element 268 may include processors, microprocessors, microcontrollers, DSPs, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), analog and/or digital application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), or the like, or combinations thereof. The processing element 268 may generally execute, process, or run instructions, code, code segments, software, firmware, programs, applications, apps, processes, services, daemons, or the like. The processing element 268 may also include hardware components, such as finite-state machines, sequential and combinational logic, and other electronic circuits that may perform the functions necessary for the operation of embodiments of the current inventive concept. The processing element 268 may be in communication with the other electronic components through serial or parallel links that include address busses, data busses, control lines, and the like.

[0153] Furthermore, each processing element and each memory element may be distributed over more than one physical locations without departing from the spirit of the present inventive concept. [0154] ADDITIONAL SYSTEM EMBODIMENTS

[0155] Another embodiment of the system 400 is shown in various aspects in Figs. 12-

38. The system 400 may broadly comprise at least a kiosk 402, a plurality of transport modules 404, a plurality of universal storage cells 406, and a software application 408. The kiosk 402, the transport modules 404, and the universal storage cells 406 may include the features described below in addition to or instead of the features of the like-named components discussed above.

[0156] The kiosk 402, as shown in Figs. 14 and 15, may include a kiosk housing 410, a plurality of bays 412, a bay access mechanism 414, a point of sale access element 416, a user interface 418, a kiosk display 420, and a kiosk computing device 422. The kiosk housing 410 may be of a general rectangular box shape with top and bottom walls, left and right side walls, and a rear wall. Instead of a front wall, the kiosk housing 410 may include a plurality of rotatable or pivoting doors 424, each of which provides access to one of the bays 412. The kiosk housing 410 may also include a plurality of interior walls or partitions that form the walls of each bay 412. Thus, each bay 412, as shown in Fig. 15, includes a lower wall, an upper wall, a left side wall, a right side wall, a rear wall, and a door 424. Dimensions for an exemplary bay 412 may be 42" (L) x 26"(W) x 10"(H). Each bay 412 may further include the bay access mechanism 414, as shown in Fig. 17, such as a solenoid or other adjustable lock mechanism that prevents the door 424 from being opened without approval. In addition, each bay 412 may include an electric power connector 426 which provides electrical power to the transport module 404 stored within the bay 412. In some embodiments, the electric power connector 426 may also provide data or signal communication as well. In other embodiments, the electric power connector 426 may only provide electrical power, and each bay 412 may further include a communication connector which provides data or signal communication.

[0157] The point of sale access element 416 generally allows the user to enter identification and/or credit information in order to gain access to at least one of the bays 412. The point of sale access element 416 may include a credit card reader, a smart chip reader, an optical scanner, a keypad, or the like.

[0158] The user interface 418 generally allows the user to utilize inputs and outputs to interact with the electronic device. Inputs may include buttons, pushbuttons, knobs, jog dials, shuttle dials, directional pads, multidirectional buttons, switches, keypads, keyboards, or the like, or combinations thereof. Outputs may include audio speakers, lights, or the like, or combinations thereof. With the user interface 418, the user may be able to control the features and operation of the kiosk 402.

[0159] The kiosk display 420 may include video devices of the following types: plasma, light-emitting diode (LED), organic LED (OLED), Light Emitting Polymer (LEP) or Polymer LED (PLED), liquid crystal display (LCD), thin film transistor (TFT) LCD, LED side-lit or back-lit LCD, heads-up displays (HUDs), or the like, or combinations thereof. The kiosk display 420 may include a screen on which the information is presented, with the screen possessing a square or a rectangular aspect ratio that may be viewed in either a landscape or a portrait mode. In various embodiments, the kiosk display 420 may also include a touch screen occupying the entire screen or a portion thereof so that the kiosk display 420 functions as part of the user interface 418. The touch screen may allow the user to interact with the electronic device by physically touching, swiping, or gesturing on areas of the screen.

[0160] The kiosk computing device 422, as seen in Fig. 16, may be substantially similar in structure to the network computing device 250 described above and may include a communication element, a memory element, and a processing element - all similar to the like- named components described above. An exemplary kiosk computing device 422 may include a tablet or tablet computer. Thus, in various embodiments, the kiosk computing device 422 may also incorporate the user interface 418 and the kiosk display 420.

[0161] The kiosk computing device 422 may function in a fashion similar to the network computing device 134. For example, the kiosk computing device 422 may receive input from the user such as identification and/or credit information and may determine whether to debit or credit the user's financial account based on whether the user is taking one or more universal storage cells 406 or returning one or more universal storage cells 406. The kiosk computing device 422 may also track inventory of the transport modules 404 and the universal storage cells 406. Thus, kiosk 402 and the kiosk computing device 422 may also perform the steps of the method described above.

[0162] In addition, the kiosk computing device 422 may include the following features.

The user interface 418 on the kiosk 402 can be viewed via a tablet or other monitor-based device allowing for the changing and/or upgrading the current POS app. The app can either have the user initiate the upgrading process, or the same function can be done using the kiosk computing device 422. The software installed in the kiosk computing device 422 will offer an API (and or drivers) that allows this upgrading process to be initiated. This can be done in any way, such as accessing the Internet, and all the upgrades can be channeled through USB (or any other) connection from the kiosk computing device 422. Furthermore, the firmware on the kiosk computing device 422 too can be upgraded in a similar fashion.

[0163] The universal storage cell 406 can function independently and interface to the

CAN bus. When there is an upgrade on the small LCD on the universal storage cell 406 enclosure doors, to color TFT displays later, the slave module will be worked. The universal storage cell 406 and the kiosk computing device 422 could therefore remain the same.

[0164] Using the HTTP or similar interface for the kiosk 402, the mobile app back-end can be integrated into the kiosk 402. For instance, when a user pays for something via the App, once the payment is confirmed, the back-end server notifies the kiosk 402 to dispense the item to the customer. These commands, like where the universal storage cell 406 is located and which door to open, etc., will be relayed via the HTTP interface of the kiosk 402 and matched to the dock unique ID. It could be also used by an admin panel via web services where all kiosks 402 are tracked in real-time.

[0165] When a transport module 404 is returned, the kiosk 402 gets an instant update on universal storage cell 406 condition; the controllers will be equipped with real-time clock/calendars where the existing circuitry will be used to start a finite (anywhere from 7 to 21 days) count-down counter inside the controller once the transport module 404 is removed from the kiosk 402. Then after 7 days it could turn off a MOSFET switch inside the transport module 404 and disconnect power from the terminals until it again communicates with the kiosk 402 again. Relays within the batteries could deactivate batteries for misuse or breaking of rental terms.

[0166] In addition an internal rent cycle clock is activated in both the system database and each transport module 404 which starts counting down from a preset time period and displayed upon the module user interface along with the universal storage cell 406 voltage and SOC. Once this time period has expired, the transport module 404 will again open an internal switch disconnecting the universal storage cell 406 terminals from the module connectors preventing further use of the transport module 404. The POS system will also then, text or email the user using contact information stored within their profile alerting them that their rental period has expired and they are requested to return the universal storage cell 406 to the kiosk 402, or else incur further charges.

[0167] Upon return of the transport module 404 to the kiosk 402, each transport module

404 is identified as described above for use with the kiosk 402 along with the universal storage cell 406 health and SOC. The deposit amount is automatically credited to the user's account using the database user profile and ID stored within the module memory. The user's account is also debited according to the amount of energy used or credited for the amount of energy supplied.

[0168] It is also noted that using an array of IDs and time stamps with each universal storage cell 406, a smart network may be created making it possible for the kiosks 402 to track a wide range of information regarding energy use. For universal storage cells 406, this includes the amount of energy transferred, time of transfer and period, how it was used and to what devices it was connected. Such information may be valuable in profiling customer needs for improving service and marketing and well as determine which types of activities are most in demand, most efficient and vice versa.

[0169] For charging schedules, two states can be added to the kiosk computing device

422, within the firmware: "peak" and "non-peak". The transitions can be done through the API the kiosk 402 offer to the (back-end server) control system. Logic within the server decides (i.e. based on time/day) when transition from peak to non-peak (and vice versa) and invoke the transition. Within the kiosk 402, the functionality will be enabled/turned- off based on the current state of the system (peak/non-peak).

[0170] Hence, to moderate peak vs. non-peak time charging, software modules, which will run on the back-end server, can decide for each kiosk 402 (based on their location and rates) what state ("peak" or "non-peak") it should be at any given time, using data from local utilities or manual entry by kiosk 402 operators, or a combination thereof. Then state transition can be invoked from the server via the kiosk 402 control API when required. Each of the kiosks 402 can be controlled individually or collectively. The peak vs non-peak timing is therefore entirely in a server software module - out of the kiosk 402 firmware, but could be incorporated internally, if so chosen.

[0171] A kiosk 402 power distribution manager which can be a part of the kiosk computing device 422, is an embedded control designed around a 32 bit ARM based (or any other) core. It possesses a user interface in the form of a color TFT touch screen affording simple and intuitive user control and monitoring. It also possesses a CAN Bus network affording communication with the converters as well as with the universal storage cell 406. Via the CAN Bus network and UCMs, the kiosk computing device 422 is capable of engaging or disengaging each module from the power bus as well as control its input/output voltage, current and mode of operation under direction of a set of internal power management algorithms and user input. In addition, the kiosk computing device 422 is able to constantly monitor the voltage, current and temperature of all converters as well as the voltage and SOC of each universal storage cell 406 connected to the power bus to provide flexible operation and control while ensuring optimal performance and safety. Finally it is noted that the kiosk computing device 422 is also connected to a M2M Wi-Fi modem allowing system information such as universal storage cell 406 temperatures, voltages and SOC to be uploaded to the internet for remote monitoring or use by third party energy harvesting applications.

[0172] The kiosk 402 may electrically connect to one or more electric power sources, such as the electric power grid, solar panels, wind turbines, and the like, in a fashion similar to that described above for the central kiosk 60. Also similar to the central kiosk 60, the kiosk 402 may consume electric power from one or more of the sources, for example, when a number of universal storage cells are charging. At other times, the kiosk 402 may provide electric power to one or more of the sources, for example, when loads at the other electric power sources are high and the kiosk 402 has the capacity to act as an electric power source.

[0173] The kiosk 402 may further include the following features with reference to Fig.

12. The kiosk 402 serves as an energy reserve which stores energy in an intermediate chemical form within the array of universal storage cells 406 and transfers said energy electrically via a network of converters/inverters from one source to another. It is noted that power derived from any source whether it is from the universal storage cells 406, solar, wind or EVs may be placed on the grid for use by the utility company subject to their constraints and conditions. Applications when grid-tying is appropriate include instances, such as replacing fossil-fuel generated power with clean energy sources, as a backup supply during power outages, provide on-site power and to reduce utility stress by balancing energy demand. Controlled lockout devices will be included so that the utility company can disable grid-tied production in case of a fault condition which may damage grid or customer equipment. Since energy is flowing in both directions, a metering scheme will take the form of two unidirectional meters or a single bidirectional unit. Each unit must be cable of remote control via digital protocols such as CAN bus or MODBUS allowing communication with the kiosk computing device 422 or the transport module computing device 446. They may be wired the same as the unidirectional units mentioned in this application with the exception of a bidirectional energy meter and additional constraints imposed by the selected utility provider.

[0174] The kiosk 402 may also include the following features with reference to Fig. 13.

In order to minimize power loss, PF correction efforts and modulize system construction, each kiosk 402 or 250 unit EEC battery charging system is to be constructed using a 200kW, four wire 3-phase 277/480Y power distribution design broken into five 40kW inverter 428 units each capable of charging 25 universal storage cells 406 as shown in Fig. 13. Any given combination of the system can be designed, so the patent application is not restricted to the above values, but is included just for illustrative, example purposes. Modulization also helps reduce the current rating and thus size, thermal requirements, construction efforts and cost of associated hardware such inverters 428 and copper bars used to realize the 24VDC power bus as well as facilitating maintenance operations. An inverter 428 with remote control capability is used in order to allow communication with the power distribution manager. For example, the kiosk 402 may be ordered with a serial RS-232 connector affording digital metering and control. Thus, to be compatible with the system CAN bus, an adapter circuit is designed which converts the CAN bus signals superimposed upon the power bus into IEEE-488 compatible layers readable by the kiosk 402 and vice versa as shown in Fig. 13. It is also noted other units may employ other forms of communication with the point being that some form of communication translator (and encryption) will be required in the case the selected device does not possess CAN bus compatibility.

[0175] The kiosk 402 may additionally include the following features with reference to

Figs. 15 and 17. A circuit control board (not shown in the figures) included with the kiosk computing device 422 connects the kiosk 402 to the Internet through Ethernet (with option of adding an AT-command based Wi-Fi module later/additionally). It also connects all the Enclosures into single CAN bus. Then, it also connects to the kiosk computing device 422 via USB. HTTP Interface and its Integration to back-end servers (firmware/software on the Control Board) allows the external applications such as mobile apps to interact with kiosk 402, checks "status" of universal storage cells 406 in enclosures, request or reserve them etc. It receives commands to open enclosures to issue universal storage cells 406. Also, it updates the overall status of the kiosk 402 to an external Monitoring Server (i.e. status logging).

[0176] The kiosk computing device 422 receives commands from the control board via

CAN bus. It controls the bay access mechanism 414 on the door 424 according to the received commands and controls the LCD character display on the door 424. The messages on the LCD are either preset for each control event or custom messages received from the control board. There are provisions for controls of the LED light within the kiosk 402 - turns on when door 424 opens and monitor temperature for safety relays temperature events to the control board via CAN bus. Power supply for the control board and bay 412 boards is assumed to be 24 VDC but can be anything (according to task or requirement). Software updates functionality and also for updating the firmware on the control board and also the app on the kiosk computing device 422.

[0177] An LCD (referenced above as "green light") on each door 424 would contain

PCBs mounted on the door 424 cavity, with a solenoid lock mounted inside the panel and connected to a board PCB_1. The board PCB_1 mounted inside the bay 412 would be connected to a secondary board PCB_2 via a flexible ribbon cable, containing power, universal storage cells 406 charging circuitry and CAN bus connector. For safety and monitoring, temperature sensors and light sensors will be incorporated, in addition to IR sensors to detect the state of the door 424 (open vs. closed).

[0178] The kiosk 402 may function as follows. The purpose of the kiosk 402 is to maintain a set of freshly charged universal storage cells 406 for use in remote applications as well as perform automated POS transactions and maintain a registry of rental transactions, user profiles and universal storage cells 406 service records. Thus, the system 400 affords a convenient source of renewable, marketable energy by harnessing power from third party devices such as that recovered from hydrocarbon fuels via vehicle battery charging systems, solar panels and thermoelectric generators.

[0179] To begin, a user either swipes a credit/debit card or membership through the point of sale access element 416 of the kiosk 402 or feeds paper money into a bill exchanger and/or holds their driver's license in front of the point of sale access element 416 for registration (or enters through keypad) using the license bar or QR code. The kiosk 402 then uses this information to search the database for an existing registry and user profile. If one is not found, a new one is constructed with unique user ID. Using the user interface 418, the user then selects the number of universal storage cells 406 they would like to rent. The user's account is then debited along with a deposit amount which will be credited back upon return of a healthy functioning universal storage cell 406 (a pre-swap scan is done for both dispensing and accepting universal storage cells 406 for condition and health check).

[0180] In addition, all universal storage cells 406 except those selected by the system are disabled except for a number equal to that purchased by the user which is indicated as 'ready' by the presence of a green flashing LED light at the base of the respective module bays 412 or doors 424. The other modules may be temporarily deactivated by a command signal from the kiosk computing device 422 or a transport module computing device 446 (discussed in more detail below) via the same power bus communication network used with the transport modules 404. This instructs the module to open an internal switch within the bay 412 disconnecting the universal storage cell 406 terminals from the external connectors thereby rendering the transport module 404 powerless.

[0181] Therefore, aside from managing a power bus and universal storage cell 406 storage array, the kiosk 402 also possesses a means to refuel electric vehicles in three ways, as shown in Fig. 12, (1) by exchange of depleted universal storage cells 406 from mobile docking stations with freshly charged universal storage cells 406 and direct recharging of the electric vehicle traction batteries via electric vehicle charging equipment (EVCE) in (2) a wired fashion using a charging connector or paddle or (3) wirelessly using an induction transfer device. Or users can walk away with the universal storage cells 406 for their own uses.

[0182] In the first method, one simply pulls up to the kiosk 402, places all used universal storage cells 406 onto a return deck, swipes their credit card for identification and billing and then selects a fresh, new set of universal storage cells 406 to place back into the range extender. Methods used for payment, user identification and account management refer to the domain of the kiosk 402. Thus, universal storage cell 406 management including status assessment, charging and discharging as it relates to the kiosk computing device 422 or the transport module computing device 446 during universal storage cell 406 exchange will be analyzed. All universal storage cell 406 data accessed by the kiosk computing device 422 or the transport module computing device 446 may then be shared with the kiosk 402 system for processing and user account management. [0183] Thus, this method consists of the two steps of first returning old universal storage cells 406 to the power bus followed by renting new ones and removing them from the power bus. Communication is achieved using CAN bus ISO 11898 or any other variant in which the non- physical, that is the application, object and transfer layers are superimposed upon the power bus via a modulated carrier frequency similar to methods used in X10 home automation networks. Bus arbitration is handled in a manner similar to CAN bus allowing detection of new universal storage cells 406 to the system network. Aside from managing universal storage cell 406 charging, the controller within each universal storage cell 406 also contains a unique ID and a CAN bus transceiver and bus interface allowing communication with the other universal storage cells 406, converters and the kiosk computing device 422 or the transport module computing device 446.

[0184] Thus, as each universal storage cell 406 is plugged in to the power bus, it introduces itself to the kiosk computing device 422 or the transport module computing device 446 and uploads all universal storage cell 406 information including its own unique network ID, the ID of whom last rented the universal storage cell 406. This information can also be logged within the kiosk 402 and remote server, or stored here as a secondary backup, its voltage, temperature, state of charge (SOC), state of health (SOH), date and time last removed from the power bus and date and time returned to the power bus as well as other information needed for effective system management. This information may then be passed to the kiosk 402 for account processing.

[0185] The same process is basically executed when freshly charged universal storage cells 406 are removed from the power bus. The current universal storage cell 406 statistics are loaded into the kiosk computing device 422 or the transport module computing device 446 along with the date and time of removal and the ID of the current owner is downloaded into the universal storage cell 406 memory. Also, synchronized timers are started in both the kiosk 402 server and universal storage cell 406 which, once expired upon end of the rental period, render the universal storage cell 406 temporarily inoperable until returned to the power bus.

[0186] Management of universal storage cell 406 SOC is handled via both autonomous and slave methodologies. In the default mode of operation, the universal storage cell 406 handles universal storage cell 406 charging in an autonomous mode, continuously measuring the SOC and activating the charge controller as necessary to maintain a full charge condition. However, as the universal storage cell 406 is also linked to the kiosk computing device 422 or the transport module computing device 446 via CAN bus, the universal storage cell 406 may be instructed by the kiosk computing device 422 or the transport module computing device 446 to disconnect itself electrically from the bus in case of a fault condition or need to reduce the bus load.

[0187] Therefore, as universal storage cells 406 are returned to the bus, they will automatically report their presence, associated state and begin automatically recharging themselves without the kiosk computing device 422 or the transport module computing device 446 intervention. It is noted that although CAN bus is the purposed method presented here with implied CAN framing and coding, it is only one of five such OBDII protocols and the kiosk computing device 422, the transport module computing device 446, universal storage cell 406 and kiosk 402 designer may use any digital format deemed suitable including non- automotive applications.

[0188] The second and third methods charge the electric vehicle traction batteries directly and thus do not use the 24VDC power bus. Instead, a separate high voltage charging converter connected directly to the utility power grid must be utilized as a primary charging source as depicted. The 24VDC power bus may be utilized as a secondary supply in case of a utility black out, allowing users to charge their electric vehicles in the event of a power outage.

[0189] Ideally, the primary device for charging EVs and PHEVs is a standard level 2 or 3

EVCE equipped with a high voltage, high current inverter 428 providing both 208-240VAC 20- 100A service as well as fast charge DC. However, combination connectors such as those proposed by IEC 62196 have also been developed which are able to accommodate both Level 2 and 3 charging schemes. Multiple paddles will be provided at the EEC, all of which would be connected in parallel, in order to accommodate the largest number of EV makes and models until such time as a single industry standard is adopted. Lastly, the output of the high voltage converter will be available either via the wired or wireless configuration. The method used will be selected automatically once a charging cycle is begun by detection of an off -hook condition of the wired charging connector or paddle. The current embodiment is using values as an example; as the system design of invention is open to other uses, ratings, components and specifications.

[0190] Housed within the each kiosk 402 enclosure, therefore, are bays 412 and transport modules 404, which can dock up to 10 or so universal storage cells 406 or more. Each bay 412 has a preconfigured unique station ID, and each port on the bay 412 has port ID (together with the station id forms unique id for each port). Each bay 412 is connected to the kiosk 402 control board via the CAN bus, and is able to control which universal storage cells 406 are charged at any given time, through commands received from the control board or remotely from authorized parties. This will enable individual universal storage cells 406 to be charged instead of all at any given time. Voltage and current sensing capabilities at each universal storage cell 406 connection point and responds to universal storage cell 406 status request from control board - reports the status of individual slave docked in each port using the unique ID for each port.

[0191] The charge schedule is defined in a back-end server with a HTTP interface, control board request "charging policy" information via the HTTP interface and activate the charging of universal storage cells 406 according to charge schedule. The HTTP interface will also allow charging policy to be updated (e.g. to suit the energy prices/ peak times, accessed or managed by utility companies in emergencies, or through public "time of use" API or spreadsheets etc.)

[0192] The kiosk computing device 422 hosts the firmware, and acts as the main master for CAN bus. The firmware can be the command interface to the kiosk 402. The kiosk computing device 422 and kiosk display 420 will be interfaced with main control module through a USB cable (or Wi-Fi), and hence, the application will interact with the kiosk 402 through the USB. The universal storage cells 406 will be used to drive a display on each door 424 and each bay access mechanism 414.

[0193] The transport module 404, as shown in Figs. 14 and 18-23 generally retains a plurality of universal storage cells 406 and may include a shell 430 with a plurality of slots 432, a user interface 434, a transport module display 436, a plurality of universal storage cell connectors 438, an electric power bus 440, an electric power access panel 442, a plurality of transport module connectors 444, and a transport module computing device 446. The transport module 404 may further include or interface with a converter 448. The transport module 404, as shown utilized in an electric vehicle in Fig. 22, may extend the OEM specified driving range of the electric vehicle from roughly 30 to 60 miles. Compared with prior art modules, the transport module 404 of the current invention includes a modular, readily accessible universal storage cells 406 pack affording recharge via battery replacement rather than through charging and retrofits generically into a wide array of commercially available vehicles. The transport module 404 is to be of modular construction allowing the user to remove and replace universal storage cells 406 at random intervals. The transport module 404 fits within the cargo space of most commercially available HEV/PHEVs while preserving as much of the space as possible for normal cargo space utility.

[0194] The shell 430 may include at least a base wall, a back wall, and two small housings on opposing edges of the base wall. The slots 432 may be positioned on the base wall. An exemplary transport module 404 retains eight universal storage cells 406 and thus includes eight slots 432. Each slot 432 is roughly the width of one universal storage cell 406.

[0195] The user interface 434 and the transport module display 436 may be similar in structure to the user interface 418 and the kiosk display 420 described above, and in various embodiments, the user interface 434 may be integrated with the transport module display 436. The user interface 434 may allow the user to access functionality of the transport module 404. The transport module display 436 may display the status of the components of the transport module 404.

[0196] Each universal storage cell connector 438, as shown in Fig. 23, may be positioned on the back wall of the shell 430 and may be aligned with one slot 432. Each universal storage cell connector 438 generally provides an electrical power connection with one universal storage cell 406. In some embodiments, the universal storage cell connector 438 also provides data and signal communication between one universal storage cell 406 and the transport module 404. In other embodiments, there may be two universal storage cell connectors 438 for each slot 432, with a first universal storage cell connector 438 providing electrical power and a second universal storage cell connector 438 providing signal and data communication.

[0197] The transport module 404 may further include circuitry, shown in Fig. 23, that manages the data and signals transmitted on the universal storage cell connector 438 and the electric power bus 440 if there is no separate data and signal communication bus. The circuitry may include the following features. The transport module 404 may include a bus-type architecture with each universal storage cell 406 possessing its own communication node allowing independent access to a common data bus. Said communication node may take a number of physical forms including wired connectors, IR, bar code scanners and RFID. However, noting that charger units must be able to retrieve battery status information while kiosks must be able to program module service, this may reduce our selection to a bidirectional form of communication using either wires, IR or RF. Lastly, although separate communication hardware could be utilized, in order to satisfy the last condition while further reducing EMI and system complexity, a single wire, bidirectional protocol can be used which effects communication via a low power FSK modulation schema superimposed upon the electric power bus 440, itself.

[0198] Here a simple NRZ physical format is used with a carrier frequency of 20 MHz to reduce component size and prevent automotive range EMI. Data synchronization is achieved by a series of defined reset levels and periods, edge detection protocols and defined timing intervals. This allows communication to be achieved in a robust nature virtually without EMI or the need for an extra set of connectors. However, they can also be split to be independent.

[0199] The electric power bus 440 may electrically connect all of the universal storage cell connectors 438. The electric power bus 440 may include a metallic bar positioned along the length of the back wall of the shell 430. If each slot 432 includes the second universal storage cell connector 438, then transport module 404 may include a data and signal communications bus of similar structure to the electric power bus 440.

[0200] The electric power access panel 442, as seen in Fig. 20, generally provides an interface for electric power and data and signal communications between the transport module 404 (along with the universal storage cells 406 retained therein) and either the kiosk 402 or any system or component with which the transport module 404 may interact. The electric power access panel 442 may include the transport module connectors 444. For example, the electric power access panel 442 may include a first transport module connector 444 which provides electrical power and data and signal communication with the kiosk 402. The electric power access panel 442 may include a second transport module connector 444 which provides electrical power and data and signal communication with an electric vehicle, such as a battery only electric vehicle or a PHEV, either connecting directly to the vehicle's power and data/signal systems or the a converting device. The electric power access panel 442 may include at least a third transport module connector 444 which may connect to a residential or commercial power system or directly to one or more appliances. The transport module 404 may provide electric power or receive electric power through any of the transport module connectors 444 such that the universal storage cells 406 can either power other electronic devices or be charged by other sources. [0201] The transport module computing device 446, as shown in Fig. 24, may include components similar to the kiosk computing device 422 and may include some of the same functionality as described above. The transport module computing device 446 may also include the following features. The transport module computing device 446 may allow the universal storage cell 406 and docking stations on the vehicles to communicate via the power plug using a low power RF carrier, similar to the X10 home automation systems that communicates over the house wiring. Using this setup, the transport module computing device 446 would have information on all docked universal storage cells 406 without requiring another set of connectors.

[0202] The transport module computing device 446 assumes the role of electric power bus 440 master, continuously cycling through a communication algorithm which sequentially interrogates each universal storage cell 406 module for status information. The transport module computing device 446 adjusts converter charging modes in EV dock depending upon universal storage cell 406 SOC, reducing currents to a pre-charge rate for deeply drained universal storage cells 406 and automatically disconnecting universal storage cells 406 from the electric power bus 440 when in either a fully charged or fully depleted state. This cycle repeats roughly once each three seconds. First, a reset period is defined by two falling edge data transitions separated by 100 ms. This is then followed by another 100ms to give time for newly connected universal storage cells 406 to introduce themselves to the electric power bus 440 network. If a new universal storage cell 406 or transport module 404 is detected, its address is registered with the transport module computing device 446 network manager. If no new devices are detected, all transport modules 404 remain in a reception state listening for the master to transmit their specific address. Once addressed, the master returns to reception mode while the slaved universal storage cell 406 or transport module 404 presents its universal storage cell 406 or transport module 404 status information such as voltage and SOC to the electric power bus 440 which is used by the transport module computing device 446 to manage the universal storage cell 406 SOC of the respective universal storage cell 406 or transport module 404. If no data is transmitted after being addressed in two separate transmission cycles, it is assumed said universal storage cell 406 or transport module 404 has been disconnected from the electric power bus 440 and its address is removed from the transport module computing device 446 transmission queue preventing any further attempted communication. This is not just a vehicle transport module computing device 446 feature, but true of the kiosk 402 as well. [0203] In order to reduce system complexity, part count and therefore improve reliability, since all universal storage cells 406 must be connected to the electric power bus 440 for charging and power distribution, it is proposed to combine the power and communication buses. That is, the electric power bus 440 used to distribute power across both charging units of the kiosk and the docking station of the mobile charging station is also used as a communication channel by superimposing a high frequency modulated signal such as FSK, ASK or PSK modulation. This would be similar to the X10 home automation systems that are used to transmit lighting and appliance control signal across house wiring except it is simplified by the fact the here the electric power bus 440 is low voltage DC. Equipping each module with proper communication and memory, it is therefore possible to create a system-wide network that interconnects all universal storage cell 406, transport module computing device 446, and kiosk computing device 422 systems to exchange any and all types of data needed to synchronize and control system maintenance, logistics and sales.

[0204] In addition to, or instead of, the features discussed above, the transport module computing device 446 may include the following features with reference to Fig. 25. This circuit's main functionality to get the Vehicle parameters like VIN from the vehicle CAN bus through the OBDII diagnostics connector. The STM32F407 microcontroller will initiate the OBDII requests through a list of PID services to get the Vehicle VIN number and other parameters etc. The PID response will be decoded from the standard response format to get the vehicle parameters by the controller. The controller will send the decoded data serially to the Bluetooth Module BL600-ST through UART interface. The BL600-ST module will transmit the data through RF communication and will be received by WiFi/Bluetooth Module chip TI 1835 in the transport module computing device 446 circuit. Based on the received VIN & parameters, the controller will determine the battery specifications and adjust the converter output system.

[0205] The STM32F407 microcontroller is the heart of this circuit functionality. It is based on the LQFPIOO pin package. The controller queries the vehicle through the OBDII request response format and update to the transport module computing device 446 through the Bluetooth modules. The circuit here uses the CAN1 channel, 1 UART channel & I/O Pins for the control & status check. It may work on an 8MHz external crystal or any other variant.

[0206] This microcontroller is based on the high-performance ARM Cortex®-M4 32-bit

RISC core operating at a frequency of up to 168 MHz The Cortex-M4 core features a Floating point unit (FPU) single precision which supports all ARM single precision data-processing instructions and data types. It also implements a full set of DSP instructions and a memory protection unit (MPU) which enhances application security. The STM32F407xx family incorporates high-speed embedded memories (Flash memory up to 1 Mbyte, up to 192 Kbytes of SRAM), up to 4 Kbytes of backup SRAM, and an extensive range of enhanced I/Os and peripherals.

[0207] The device can be kick started by monitoring the switch status at the I/O pin no:

94. Switching on the device shall close the switch circuit making the Vdd voltage available at I/O pin: 94. The power supply can be availed from the diagnostic port pin or through an external power supply.

[0208] The CAN transceiver SN65HVD230 is used to transmit high speed message of

1Mbps from the microcontroller to the CAN bus and also for receiving information from other device to the controller. One end of the CAN transceiver is connected to vehicle CAN bus through the J 1962 OBDII connector and other end is connected to the CAN channel 1 Rx & Tx pins. The CAN transceiver is the CAN physical layer and interfaces the single ended host CAN protocol controller with the differential CAN bus. These devices operate over a -2 V to 7 V common mode range on the bus, and can withstand common mode transients of +25V. The CAN high value will be 3V and CAN Low will be IV. The RS pin (pin 8) on the SN65HVD230 provides three different modes of operation: high speed mode, slope control mode, and low- power mode. The high speed mode of operation is selected by connecting the RS pin to ground, allowing the transmitter output transistors to switch on and off as fast as possible with no limitation on the rise and fall slopes. The SN65HVD230 enters a low current standby mode (listen only) during which the driver is switched off and the receiver remains active if a high logic level is applied to the RS pin a resistor in series between the RS pin and ground.

[0209] The clock is provided by an external 8 MHz crystal. On reset the 16 MHz internal

RC oscillator is selected as the default CPU clock. The 16 MHz internal RC oscillator offers 1% accuracy over the full temperature range. The application can then select as system clock either the RC oscillator or an external 4-26 MHz clock source. This clock can be monitored for failure. If a failure is detected, the system automatically switches back to the internal RC oscillator and a software interrupt is generated (if enabled). This clock source is input to a PLL thus allowing to increase the frequency up to 168 MHz. [0210] The controller has an integrated power-on reset (POR) / power-down reset (PDR) circuitry coupled with a Brownout reset (BOR) circuitry. At power-on, POR/PDR is always active and ensures proper operation starting from 1.8 V. The device remains in reset mode when VDD is below a specified threshold, VPOR/PDR or VBOR, without the need for an external reset circuit.

[0211] BL600 ST Series module enables to add single-mode Bluetooth Low Energy

(BLE) to small, portable, power-conscious devices. The BL600 modules are enabled with Laird's smart BASIC, an event-driven programming language .Smart BASIC enables customers to develop a complete embedded application inside the compact BL600 hardware, connecting to a wide array of external sensors via its I2C, SPI, and UART, ADC or GPIO interfaces.

[0212] The SPI interface is an alternate function on SIO pins, configurable by smart

BASIC. The Module is a master device that uses terminals SPI_MOSI, SPI_MISO, and SPI_CLK. SPI_CSB is implemented using any spare SIO digital output pins to allow for multi- dropping (GND). The SPI interface enables full duplex synchronous communication between devices. It supports a 3-wire (SPI_MOSI, SPI_MISO, SPI_SCK) bidirectional bus with fast data transfers to and from multiple slaves. Individual chip select signals will be necessary for each of the slave devices attached to a bus, but control of these is left to the application through use of SIO signals. I/O data is double buffered. The SPI peripheral supports SPI mode 0, 1, 2, and 3. This is connected to controller through SPI interface. The data from microcontroller is send to users mobile through the antenna.

[0213] With reference to Fig. 26, there are 2 CAN channels CAN 1 & CAN2 available for the STM controller. CAN Channel 1 is used for Vehicle CAN interface. With reference to Fig. 27, microcontroller will send data to BL600 module & update the same through RF communication. BL600 HW module can be reset by pulling down the nRESET pin low for minimum lOOmS. There are a multitude number of options available based on the communication interface selected like UART, SPI or I2C, and this invention does not limit this attribute. The BL 600 ST Module is interfaced to microcontroller through the UART interface.

[0214] The converter 448, seen in Figs. 13, 21, and 28, generally converts the electric energy (or power) from the universal storage cells 406 to a form that is compatible with vehicle traction batteries and delivers it in such a way that recharges said batteries in real time to extend vehicle range. [0215] The converter 448 may broadly comprise the components shown in Fig. 28, including a phase width modulation control circuit 450, a gate driver circuit 452, an input current sense circuit 454, a bridge circuit 456, a planar transformer 458, a smoothing circuit 460, an output current sense circuit 462, and a shutdown controller 464. The input voltage block receives voltage from the universal storage cells 406, and the output voltage block provides voltage to the vehicle traction batteries, or another load. The converter 448 generally boosts the transport module 404 voltage of 24VDC to the level of the vehicle traction batteries and supplies an intermittent charging current of 0.2 C to 0.5C. The converter 448 will provide a programmable output able to adjust to a specific vehicle rated voltage, provide charging current at a rate proportional to the capacity of the stock battery pack, prevent damage to the vehicle system or itself due to under and over voltage conditions, possess a method to dissipate heat generated during the conversion process.

[0216] The converter 448 circuitry of Fig. 28 may include a ZVS Phase Shift Full bridge converter configured to work in an adaptive ZVS control mode. The phase width modulation control circuit 450 may include a synchronous dual mode phase modulated full bridge controller such as the LTC3722 from Linear Technology. The gate driver circuit 452 may include a high voltage high side transistor gate driver such as the LTC4440 from Linear Technology. The bridge circuit 456 may include a full bridge converter with 4 MOSFET transistors electrically connected in a bridge circuit to convert a DC voltage to an AC pulsed wave form. The smoothing circuit 460 may include discrete and active components, such as LC (inductor, capacitor) circuits and transistors, which convert an AC pulsed wave form in a DC voltage. The shutdown controller 464 may include microcontrollers or processors such as the PIC 12LF1822 from Microchip and the MKL02Z32VFG4 from Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.

[0217] The phase width modulation control circuit 450 controls the operation of the

MOSFET bridge circuit 456 driven through the gate driver circuit 452. The circuitry also includes the input current sense circuit 454 and the output current sense circuit 462 on both the input and output line to monitor the overcurrent scenario and take the necessary corrective actions.

[0218] The planar transformer 458 is placed for stepping up the voltage in the ratio of 15:

1. The shutdown controller 464 will compare the output current from the output current sense circuit 462 with a reference voltage which can adjust the overcurrent scenario settings by changing a varistor across the voltage divider circuitry. The firmware of the shutdown controller 464 will continuously monitor the over current condition and on reaching the current greater than the over current and update the phase width modulation control circuit 450 for necessary adjustments. The control and synchronization circuits are optically isolated from the high & low voltage side on the transformer 458. The shutdown controller 464 also contains the charging algorithm constants and necessary interfaces for controlling the phase width modulation control circuit 450.

[0219] The converter 448 circuitry of Fig. 28 is implemented based on the I2C communication. For greater flexibility I2C communication can be changed to CAN communication. This includes the addition of CAN transceiver chip at the each end of the communication channel. Also this includes the identification of the CAN channel pins of the controller & rewiring the circuits.

[0220] The controller STM32F042 is of 32KB Flash and 6KB RAM. This can be changed to a controller with a minimum of 64KB Flash, 16KB RAM for any future add on features like remote programming, increased security and network management functionality. In this case option of STM32F407 having 1MB Flash, 64KB RAM can also be considered.

[0221] The converter 448 may also include the following features. While the purpose of the universal storage cells 406 and transport modules 404 is to act as a source of reserve energy in an electric vehicle, the purpose of the converter 448 is to package it in a form that is compatible with vehicle traction batteries and deliver it in such a way that recharges said batteries in real time to extend vehicle range. Thus, the converter 448 must boost the module voltage of 24V to the level of the traction batteries and supply an intermittent charging current of 0.2 C to 0.5 C. Specifically, the converter 448 will provide a programmable output able to adjust to a specific vehicle rated voltage, provide charging current at a rate proportional to the capacity of the stock battery pack, prevent damage to the vehicle system or itself due to under and over voltage conditions, possess a method to dissipate heat generated during the conversion process.

[0222] It is noted that although all electric vehicles must at some point deliver the same power from their traction batteries for equal performance, some such as HEVs and PHEVs share power with an IC generator. Thus, battery power density and capacity may vary greatly form car to car as shown in Table 1. The converter 448 must then adapt both voltage and charging rates to accommodate all such vehicles. Therefore the proposed design, being an 8kW converter 448, is designed to have an output range of 180V to 400V with a corresponding maximum current output of 44A and 20A, respectively. For most EVs on the market, that would provide maximum charge rates of 0.5C, 0.22C, 0.35C and 0.23C which is within manufacturers specifications for all models.

[0223] Although it is possible to measure the system battery voltage and use this to automatically adjust the converter 448 output level, it is not possible to know the maximum battery level to prevent overcharging as well as the C of the battery to ensure proper charge rates. Therefore is it necessary to manually program each converter 448 with the manufacturer's battery specifications including nominal level, maximum and/or minimum levels and charge rates. Rather than burden the user with this task, a database of such information may be stored in a cloud or the memory of the docking station PDM for each vehicle for which the extender is applicable. Then the user may simply select the vehicle make, model and year using either the docking station interface or a cell phone app. The system will then use this information to retrieve the battery specifications and automatically set the voltage level and charge rates.

[0224] Aside from the autonomous converter 448 control system presented here, it is also possible to enhance control by tying into the vehicle CAN Bus OBDII system, allowing communication with all vehicle electronic control units (ECU) from the ignition system to the sun roof. Thus, in theory, the converter 448 could have access to the battery ECU and associated information such as voltage level, temperature, load and SOC. Use of PIDs such as that associated with alternator ECU to determine when the car ignition is activated to turn the extender off/on, will be enabled. The extender may be kept informed of actual vehicle traction system status allowing it to power down when the vehicle ECU detects a fault condition. Use of mode 9, PID mode 2 to retrieve the vehicle's VIN number for automatic calibration of the extender voltage output and charge current, is also incorporated. With standardized OBDII codes, a CAN Bus adapter is provided on the converter 448 PCB and tied directly to an internal CAN Bus decoder within the system controller making it CAN Bus-ready.

[0225] The universal storage cell 406, as shown in Figs. 12-14, 21, 22, 29, 30, and 33 may include a housing 466, a plurality of electric energy cells 468, a universal storage cell display 470, an electric power connector 472, a universal storage cell computing device 470, and a security circuit 476. The housing 466 generally has a rectangular box shape with a bottom wall, a top wall, a front wall, a rear wall, and two side walls. The housing 466 may also include an internal frame constructed from metals or hardened plastic.

[0226] Each electric energy cell 468 may include one or more rechargeable DC voltage batteries. Exemplary electric energy cells 468 include a series of industry standard 3.6V prism single cell lithium ion batteries of size 10mm x 34mm x 50mm arranged vertically in rows and columns and packaged using thermal foam and such. The large surface to volume ratio of the prism structure, vertical clearance and conductive foam all aid in heat dissipation, while protecting each cell from mechanical stress. The electric energy cells 468 may also be cylindrical cell design or pouch cells of any battery chemistry. Each electric energy cell 468 may include a positive terminal and a negative terminal. All of the electric energy cells 468 are electrically connected in parallel with one another such that the positive terminal of all the electric energy cells 468 are electrically connected together and the negative terminal of all the electric energy cells 468 are electrically connected together.

[0227] The universal storage cell display 470 may be similar in construction to the transport module display 436 discussed above. The universal storage cell display 470 may be capable of displaying a simple bar graph or a color CSTD graphic indicating a status of the universal storage cell 406.

[0228] The electric power connector 472 generally provides electrical connection of the universal storage cell 406 to the universal storage cell connector 438 and the electric power bus 440 of the transport module 404. An example of the interaction of the electric power connector 472 and the universal storage cell connector 438 is shown in Fig. 31. The electric power connector 472 may include a positive terminal 478 and a negative terminal 480, with the positive terminal of all the electric energy cells 468 being electrically connected to the positive terminal 478 and the negative terminal of all the electric energy cells 468 being electrically connected to the negative terminal 480. The electric power connector 472 may be implemented as a hot- pluggable connector, such as the Crown Clip connectors. These allow direct contact with the electric power bus 440 using a clipping action allowing the universal storage cell 406 to be quickly and easily connected and disconnected via a sliding action simply by pushing and pulling it into a mating channel or slot molded within the transport module 404 without the need to manage screws, plugs or similar type connectors. [0229] The universal storage cell computing device 470, as shown in Fig. 32, may include components similar to the kiosk computing device 422 or the transport module computing device 446. The universal storage cell computing device 470 may aid in ensuring optimal charging characteristics and safety during charging by protecting against under and over charging and balances charge distribution to compensate for parasitic factors and manufacturing tolerances to prevent charging stresses and ensures equal SOC for each universal storage cell 406. It also communicates with the system the kiosk computing device 422 or the transport module computing device 446 via the CAN Bus network providing real time updates on overall battery SOC, cell SOC, voltage and temperature. This can be accomplished in a wireless fashion by superimposing a carrier upon the power bus using a phase shift, EMI friendly, modulating protocol to transfer data and thus relieve the module of another set of connectors. However, CAN bus and Power bus may be separated to allow for lesser integrating or processing times.

[0230] The universal storage cell computing device 470 may be further equipped with internal switch mode and linear regulators as an added convenience to power a number of devices operating at voltages other than 24VDC. Examples include a 12V output for charging car batteries as well as a 5V output for charging cell phones and tablet devices. It may even be possible to add the buck-boost circuit along with touch screen ability to the universal storage cell display 470 allowing the user to select from a number of preset voltages or program a custom value as well as current limits, if desired via the transport module computing device 446 (or have the functionality in the connected mobile app). Therefore the present embodiment allows for the adjustment of the output voltage to different levels at currents up to 60A using a non-isolated and non-resonant DC-DC converter and an interface which allows the user to select different voltages.

[0231] The security circuit 476, as shown in Fig. 33, generally provides a security measure to discourage theft of the universal storage cells 406 and may include a first switch 482, a second switch 484, and a resistor 486. The first switch 482 may include a first terminal and a second terminal and may be of a single-pole, single-throw type, or at least a two-state switch with an open state and a closed state, wherein there is no contact between the first and second terminals in the open state, and there is shorted electrical contact between the first and second terminals in the closed state. The first switch 482 may also include a switch input to control switching between the open state and the closed state, wherein the input has a generally binary value with a "0" indicating that the first switch 482 is open and a "1" indicating that the first switch 482 is closed, or vice-versa. An exemplary first switch 482 may include a relay. The second switch 484 is substantially similar to the first switch 482 in structure and function. The resistor 486 may include electrically resistive elements constructed from high power material as are known in the art and may have a first and a second terminal. The security circuit 476 may include the following architecture. The first terminal of the first switch 482 may be electrically connected to the positive terminals of the electric energy cells 468. The second terminal of the first switch 482 may be electrically connected to the positive terminal 478 of the electric power connector 472. The first terminal of the second switch 484 may be electrically connected to the positive terminals of the electric energy cells 468. The second terminal of the second switch 484 may be electrically connected to the first terminal of the resistor 486. The second terminal of the resistor 486 may be electrically connected to the negative terminals of the electric energy cells and the negative terminal 480 of the electric power connector 472. Thus, the second switch 484 and the resistor 486 are electrically connected in series across the positive and negative terminals of the electric energy cells 468. The switch input of the first and second switches 482, 484 may be electrically connected to the universal storage cell computing device 470.

[0232] The security circuit 476 may operate as follows. When the universal storage cell

406 is not in usage, the security circuit 476 may be in an unlocked state in which the first switch 482 may be closed and the second switch 484 may be open. When the universal storage cell 406 is checked out for customer usage, either individually or as part of the transport module 404, the universal storage cell computing device 470 starts a timer with a period equal to the length of the check out/rental agreement. When the timer expires, the universal storage cell computing device 470 switches the security circuit 476 to a locked state in which the first switch 482 is switched from closed to open. Thus, electric energy or power from the electric energy cells 468 is no longer available at the electric power connector 472.

[0233] Another security circuit 476 feature takes advantage of the fact that in general, deeply discharging certain types of electric energy cells 468, such as Li-Ion batteries, below a specified voltage irreparably damages them and may make it unsafe to recharge them using conventional battery chargers. Thus, many electric energy cell manufacturers equip the electric energy cells with internal lockouts which permanently disable the electric energy cell and prevent its recharging upon deep discharge below the specified voltage. The universal storage cell 406 may also include sensors such as accelerometers, thermal detectors, and the like. When the universal storage cell computing device 470 determines high acceleration, from events such as tampering with the housing 466 or a vehicle accident, it may switch the state of the second switch 484 from open to closed - thereby electrically shorting the terminals of the electric energy cells 468 and decreasing their output voltage to below the specified level for the internal lockout to be activated. As a result, electric energy or power from the electric energy cells 468 is no longer available at the electric power connector 472 - rendering the universal storage cells 406 useless to a potential thief and unable to potentially generate an electric shock after a vehicle accident.

[0234] The universal storage cell 406 may also include the following features. As with most rental equipment, the universal storage cells 406 may also suffer from abuse or theft. Abuse or neglect in return may best be handled by a simple automatic deposit and time of the rental transaction. Then if the user fails to return said universal storage cell 406 within a predetermined period of time or the device fails an automated diagnostic, the deposit is forfeited and retained for compensation. While it may not be possible to totally prevent universal storage cell 406 theft, it may be made so inconvenient or expensive that it is not worth the effort. Thus, the following techniques are proposed as possible features which may be utilized to help prevent theft. The housing 466 may be constructed of high grade steel or aluminum featuring a 100% seamless welded construction free of access points such as screws or rivets. The universal storage cell 406 may be equipped with locking mechanisms on the bottom surface that mate with electrically controlled latches on the kiosk 402 or transport module 404 that prevent universal storage cell 406 removal until the remote latch frees the unit. The latch unit may also be integrated into the power plug. Universal storage cells 406 may be equipped with internal time and system controlled relays which may be used to disconnect the internal battery terminals to the external universal storage cell 406 terminals. When lithium batteries are deeply discharged beyond manufacturer's specifications, it can sometimes be dangerous to attempt to recharge them at nominal charge rates. Since many charges do not check for this condition, battery manufacturers often integrate an internal fuse within batteries which blows once battery voltage drops beyond a certain level, permanently disabling the battery. Therefore, this safeguard may be utilized to fashion a self-destruct mechanism by connecting a timer or manager controlled relay and high wattage resistor across the battery terminals. Once a fault condition such as timer expiration is detected the relay is engaged and the battery is safely deeply discharged through the high wattage resistor. Thus, by the time thieves retrieve the battery from inside the universal storage cell 406, it would be permanently disabled.

[0235] When a universal storage cell 406 or a transport module 404 is used as a range extender converter, provisions for heat dissipation are included to insure good performance and safe operation. At a full 8kW of output, even at 95% efficiency, 400W of heat is still generated by the converter which must be dissipated in a timely manner to prevent device failure. At a size of 50mm x 160mm x 280 mm, the current design requires a power density of 0.178kW/l. Although a tall order for any power supply, it has been demonstrated that careful design and use of modern materials and techniques can achieve densities as high as 6kW/l with air cooled systems. Heat loss is divided between the power MOSFETs and the transformer. The MOSFETs are paralleled by two and soft switched using ZVS techniques such that at peak currents of 300A power loss is still only 15W per MOSFET which is well within the range of being handled by standard heat sinks and natural convection. For the transformer, employing highly conductive non-ferrite core materials or Magnetics high flux NiFe cores, losses of up to 240W may still be possible. It is noted that using a planar construction greatly reduces skin effect and therefore winding losses are considered negligible.

[0236] Common commercially available heat sinks capable of mating a transformer of this size provide at best only 0.125 W/K of conductivity making it clear assisted cooling techniques are necessary. Although liquid cooling of the transformer is without doubt the most efficient method of heat dissipation, calculations for forced air convection also reveal that a heat sink with 0.12 m ² of surface area and an air flow rate of 20m/s or 271 cfm are sufficient to provide the necessary heat dissipation. Again, as this is the simplest design facilitating development and assembly, it is the method selected for medium scale production. An air flow rate of 271 cfm may be achieved in numerous ways using one large single fan or multiple smaller fans. In any case the fans must also be sized for overhead to allow for heat, they themselves, inject into the converter housing which is typically less than 36W. With an average fan life expectancy of 50,000 hours or 2 million miles at 40 mph, the cooling system should long out live the converter or even the vehicle, itself. Finally, it is also noted that should any of the fans fail, the resulting rise in temperature will be detected by the on board thermistors which will then automatically power down the unit and disconnect it from the vehicle electrical system. [0237] The universal storage cell 406 may further include the following features. For the purposed design, this includes the incorporation of both passive and active thermal dissipation features. Passive features include use of a prismatic cell structure affording greater thermal conductivity, the use of thermally conductive foam and a vertical orientation of cells inside modules to facilitate natural convection. Active cooling includes forced convection using either liquid or air cooling methods and is a tradeoff of efficiency versus simplicity with the method selected depending upon application and overall design constraints. Some, like the Ford Focus and Chevy Volt feature liquid-cooled systems, while the Nissan Leaf and Prius utilize air-cooled. Because embodiments of the current invention are to be offered as an aftermarket product and maintained by non-technical personnel, an air-cooled system is selected due to its lower cost and relative simplicity.

[0238] Peltier or thermoelectric converters (TEC) are used as solid-state heat pumps via the Seebeck effect. By applying a DC current in one direction, heat can be made to flow across the device from left to right. Then, by simply reversing the current direction heat can be made to flow from right to left. Thus, in this application the battery module contains a thermistor to measure cabinet temperature along with a PWM H-bridge MOSFET circuit to adjust the magnitude and direction of current through all TEC devices which together form a feedback circuit capable of heating and cooling the enclosure. The MOSFETs are paralleled by two and soft switched using ZVS techniques such that at peak currents of 300A power loss is still only 15W per MOSFET which is well within the range of being handled by standard heat sinks and natural convection.

[0239] It is also noted that placement of vents, fan and TECs is crucial in achieving optimal efficiency and control of cabinet temperature. Therefore TECs are placed on the inside surface of the storage cell housing 466 panels, both the sides of greatest surface area as well as the top. Here those at the bottom are primarily use for heating, while those at the top are used for cooling. Also, incorporating the best engineering practices, the inlet, fan and filter are places at the bottom of the enclosure front with the exit vent placed in the top rear to afford a positive vessel pressure with the greatest thermal flux. If a plastic storage cell housing 466 is used, the insides walls may then be covered in aluminum foil to better facilitate heat flow.

[0240] Although liquid cooling of the transformer is without doubt the most efficient method of heat dissipation, calculations for forced air convection also reveal that a heat sink with 0.12 m ² of surface area and an air flow rate of 20m/s or 271 cfm are sufficient to provide the necessary heat dissipation. An air flow rate of 271 cfm may be achieved in numerous ways using one large single fan or multiple smaller fans such as Orion's OD8038-24HB-VXC (see converter image above). Should any of the fans fail, the resulting rise in temperature will be detected by the on board thermistors which will then automatically power down the unit and disconnect it from the vehicle electrical system.

[0241] Aside from conventional protection such as output fuses and galvanic isolation, damage to either system is prevented primarily by a current limiting system with a backup voltage monitor. Should converter voltage or current levels extend outside of a safe zone area determined by the rated voltage and charge current, the converter automatically powers down and disconnects from the vehicle system. Also both the primary and secondary systems are equipped with thermistors such that converter operating temperature is constantly monitored. Excessive temperature values also cause the converter to power down and disconnect from the vehicle system. All such fault events are then reported to the user either via the display of the docking station, vehicle dashboard or a smart phone app.

[0242] A low profile assembly is proposed constructed of two piggy backed printed circuit boards and a Payton T1000 series low profile planar transformer. This minimal space design, exhibits a large surface to volume ratio for good heat dissipation and facilitates assembly, maintenance and diagnostic processes by separating power and control into two separate modules.

[0243] The extender converter is similar to the converters also used in the charging station. The main differences include the use of parts rated for higher current, heat dissipation and lower profile as well as an adjunct control system. The latter consists of two microcontrollers which communicate across the galvanic junction in an optically isolated digital serial format. The secondary side controller, PIC 12LF 1822, continuously measures output (battery terminal) voltage, charge current and converter temperature. This is then sent to the primary controller, MKL02Z32VFG4, which provides feedback for the bridge controller, LTC3722-1, and makes safety decisions about when to shut down in case of under/over voltage or excessive currents or temperature. Injecting digital control into the feedback loop not only improves reliability, but also affords the user great flexibility in determining control such as allowing the charging profile to be adjusted to match different battery specifications. [0244] A diagram showing the transport module 404 and a plurality of universal storage cells 406 interfacing with a vehicle for at least two vehicles is shown in Fig. 34. Each vehicle may include a data system interface such as the OBDII bus which may communicate with the transport module computing device 446 of the transport module 404. The transport module computing device 446 may include the components as shown in Fig. 34 in addition to or instead of the components discussed above. Furthermore, the transport module computing device 446 may include the following features. The transport module computing device 446 that connects to the vehicle's CAN bus via OBDII connector and logs two sensor values Mass Air Flow (MAF) rate (PID hex 10) and Vehicle Speed (VS) (PID hexOD) among others at the logging frequency of 5Hz. Initially the data is logged into NAND flash buffer within the device.

[0245] All the sensor data are time-stamped and the buffered MAF and VS values are then sent over GPRS connection to a back-end server for processing. GPRS and Bluetooth modules will therefore integrate data from OBDII connectors, using SMD chips. A MCU and logging buffer will be incorporated for per-processing of data and data filters. GPRS options will have data-logging and app integration and storage capabilities, with on-demand cloud services in database and servers available in order to communicate to the user apps, and for data mining and advanced analytics.

[0246] Back-End server functionality maintains a database for the time-stamped sensor values for each vehicle in the system and HTTP query interface that allows request PID vehicles value for a given time period T _sta rt, T _en d for a given vehicle ID.

[0247] The software application 408 generally collects data from a plurality of sources, such as kiosks 402 and transport modules 404, and allows users such as system managers to view inventories, check statuses and performances, and users such as consumers check availability of transport modules 404 and universal storage cells 406 as well as check account information and the like. An architecture that illustrates the communication between various software application 408 components is shown in Fig. 35.

[0248] The system 400 would use a push-data model where the various subsystems will push the event data into the database. These event data is defined in the above schema separately. Some of these events directly correspond to physical events. For example, the kiosk 402 will log user events such as hiring and returning transport modules 404 and universal storage cells 406, similarly the kiosk 402 or one or more transport modules 404 will record docking and undocking of universal storage cells 406.

[0249] In addition to these physical events, majority of the data logs are periodic events are logged at set frequency. For example, the kiosk 402 will report the status of the transport modules 404 and universal storage cells 406 docked at a certain frequency. Similarly, the VMS (or Vehicle monitoring system which may form a part of the kiosk computing device 422) system will log various sensor values (e.g. MAF, VSS, etc.) at 5Hz.

[0250] Then the aggregation servers will process the event logs to produce the current status data. For example, the VMS event logs will be used by the aggregation server to produce the current vehicle speed, current fuel consumption rate, etc. These can be used by user application (Android App/ Web app) to show the current status data to the users.

[0251] In certain instances, the transport module computing device 446 or universal storage cell computing device 470 can monitor energy provided or taken from the car, and compare that with the car's overall energy usage or requirement and track for the user, how much was used/supplemented by the universal storage cells 406 and/or transport modules 404 and what that translates to in costs, by tying into electricity rates at time of universal storage cells 406 charging, and gasoline prices when last filled up the tank (and how many gallons/volumetric readings) coordinated with GPS location of the car at that time, and gas price API to get per gallon costs.

[0252] The software application 408 may further include a plurality of application programming interfaces (APIs), such as http or server APIs, event logging APIs, mobile app APIs, embedded system APIs, and the like. For the following discussion, the term "docking station" may refer to the kiosk 402 or the transport module 404. The term "slave" may refer to the universal storage cell 406.

[0253] The http or server APIs within the system fall into three categories:

[0254] Event Logging APIs: These API is offered by the back-end server to be used for event-logging by the various subsystems. For example, the VMS system will log the various sensor data periodically using this API.

[0255] Mobile App APIs: These APIs are used to access summery information by the

Mobile Apps. (e.g. used to display information to the users). For example, the Mobile App displaying various parameters such as current vehicle speed, current fuel consumption rate or a fuel consumption rate for given time period will be access through these APIs.

[0256] Embedded Configuration APIs: These are offered by various embedded subsystems and will be used for sending commands, setting various configuration parameters and update firmware. These APIs will be only be used by the back-end control system.

[0257] The event logging APIs may include a kiosk 402 events API, a kiosk 402 API, a transport module 404 API, and a VMS API. The kiosk 402 events API may collect or retain the following data: Disconnected (time stamp, user id, kiosk id, docking station id, SLAVE id); Connected (time stamp, user id, kiosk id, docking station id, SLAVE id, SLAVE status); Periodic current status (time stamp, kiosk id, #no SLAVEs docked, #no of ready to dispense SLAVEs). The kiosk 402 API may collect or retain the following data: Docked (docking station id, time stamp, Slave id, SLAVE capacity ( )); Un-docked (docking station id, time stamp, SLAVE id, SLAVE capacity ( )); Current Status (docking station id, time stamp, slave id, SLAVE status, SLAVE capacity ( ) (Periodic). The transport module 404 API may collect or retain the following data: Docked (docking station id, time stamp, slave id, SLAVE capacity ( ) ); Un-docked (docking station id, time stamp, SLAVE id, SLAVE capacity ( )); Location (docking station id, GPS coordinates) (periodic); Current Status (docking station id, time stamp, slave id, SLAVE status, SLAVE capacity ( ) (periodic). The VMS API may collect or retain the following data: Current Status (Vehicle Id, MAF sensor value, VSS sensor value) (periodic) and Location (vehicle id, GPS coordinate) (if GPS module is included in the VMS subsystem).

[0258] The software application 408 may include additional mobile app APIs as follows.

Kiosk 402 related methods: Availability_all() - returns kiosk ids of all kiosk with SLAVEs ready to be dispensed; Availability_individual(kiosk id) -returns number of SLAVEs available in the given kiosk. VMS related methods: Current fuel consumption rate (vehicle id); Fuel consumption rate (vehicle id, start time, end time) - fuel consumption rate for given period; Current Speed (vehicle id) -current median speed of the vehicle; and Speed (vehicle id, start time, end time) -vehicle speed for a given period. The vehicle docking station data: Current capacity (docking station id) -returns the total capacity in Kwh for all the docked SLAVEs; and Current SLAVE status (docking station id) -returns a list of SLAVE ids and their respective current capacity as percentage. A block diagram illustrating an architecture of software components that may implement the above-described APIs is shown in Fig. 36. [0259] The software application 408 may further include embedded subsystem APIs as follows. The embedded subsystem APIs may be used for sending direct commands to the remote embedded subsystems; they are also used for changing the configuration options for sub-systems as well as changing/updating firmware on the subsystem. The kiosk's 402 Control API is also defined as a control API, thus, it can be later extended to be used through a Mobile API. Although initially this API would only be used by the Android Application that is running on the kiosk computing device 422 embedded within the kiosk 402, this HTTP API can be, in theory, be used by back-end control system. Therefore, this potentially may allow for an Android/iOS/Windows phone app to directly interact with the kiosk 402 without the Graphical User Interface offered by the dedicated display on the kiosk 402.

[0260] The control API on the kiosk 402 may perform the following: 1. Display Message

(docking station id, message) - displays the message on the LCD on the door; 2. Open (docking station id) -opens the door on the enclosure containing the given docking station; 3. Close (docking station id); 4. Turn ON/OFF light (docking station id) -LED inside the enclosures; 5. Firmware version()—returns the current firmware version; and 6. Update (firmware file).

[0261] Figs. 37 and 38 illustrate database schema for the software application 408. The database of Fig. 37 may include data representing the current status of various devices and systems. The database of Fig. 38 may include data related to various system events.

[0262] The software application 408 may also include the following features. The user interface that enables a user to do certain functions with the universal storage cells 406, the transport modules 404, or the kiosk 402, such as (not limited) to remotely charging or discharging their universal storage cells 406 to their cars, homes or kiosks 402, to reserve specific universal storage cells 406 at specific kiosks 402 at any given point in time. They could be queried based on any kind of universal storage cell 406 data using the internal workings of calculations, algorithms done via code and/or linking databases or anything else.

[0263] For example, the transport module computing device 446 or VMS can monitor energy provided or taken from the car, and compare that with the car's overall energy usage or requirement and track for the user, how much was used/supplemented by the universal storage cells 406 and what that translates to in costs, by tying into electricity rates at time of universal storage cell 406 charging, and gasoline prices when last filled up the tank (and how many gallons/volumetric readings) coordinated with GPS location of the car at that time of refueling, and gas price geo-API to get per gallon costs in neighboring gas stations. It is not just limited to cars, it can also be used to calculate peak demand charge reductions etc.

[0264] It could further utilize battery data beyond just ones such as current or historical backend data from vehicles, homes, universal storage cells 406 and kiosks 402, etc. or for other forms of transportation, such as flights, public transportation in buses, trains etc., and cruises, travel API such as that from passbook apps or ticket codes will be read or automatically used to link source and destinations, type of travel (described above) and time, to get the total energy usage, and hence the subsequent emissions given off during that time period, or period of travel, per user via any kind of authorization token.

[0265] These can be also user inputs or API data from Green Button/QR codes on periodical utility bills and/or other consumer databases or sources available now or in the future. A smart meter, carbon tracker or energy meter readings may be analyzed to get consumption data stored on the meter, other device or the cloud. The app receives this data as well in JS ON/XML or any other format.

[0266] Another additional source can be quantified per user, such as wastes, from RFID tags in the trashcans or mailbox, and will be updated each time municipal workers pick up trash weekly with a weight machine fit inside the collection platform on the vehicle where it is loaded, or a small spring balance, hydraulic/pneumatic, strain-gauge or preferable digital scale which enables smartphone integration, cloud storage, regular tracking through communications to a server with a unique ID for the household or user. Similar tags on recycling boxes or recycling cans will be used to decipher if the household or individual recycles, and if so, how much or what kinds. Using home, car and waste data, the app can aggregate and calculate total emissions for any given point in time or for a range per user.

[0267] Other metric shows national/state's/city's/MSA's emissions, or the user's emissions for the past month, or same month last year, to give them a comparison, based on their emissions from the home, travel and others. The above calculation or person carbon or other emissions are based on accurate readings and fit EPA calculation standards. The users can therefore either choose to pledge lowered emissions going forward, or offset their carbon footprints by paying funds for a "green-project" that saves the environment such as sequestration, afforestation, or investment in renewable energy projects, locally or globally. [0268] Authenticated users, who have emitted less, may also be candidates of getting this payment from other users who emit more. Pressing the offset button links the lbs. of carbon emitted by the user (total, or allocated/rationed) and returns an equivalent dollar amount via any accepted carbon accounting principles such as $/ton of C02e, etc. invented or in use now, in the past or to be utilized in the future. This equivalent amount can be sent to a partnering "green project" as funds or bitcoins or any payment method or currency available now or in the future.

[0269] If users emit less than the city/state/MSA/zip/nation, then they have the option of getting paid by more emitting users, or partnering companies who pollute or have a large carbon footprint - effectively creating an app for personal carbon trading that reduces emissions for a local area or region, or even nation or worldwide.

[0270] Users can set update parameters for local kiosks 402, where the user gets notifications on their mobile or any other device, if the rented or owned universal storage cell 406 in their possession is low or malfunctioning, and the user is within specified radius of an available kiosk 402 to service the user's need. They can also get real time universal storage cell 406 status updates, where app shows user that the cells they have is under a certain universal storage cell 406 SOC collectively or individually, which can be a threshold set by them. Tracking these cell levels, users can also request new cells remotely and real time.

[0271] Users are also able to search/locate and access nearby kiosks 402 through GPS positioning and select kiosks 402 to see overall data contained inside the kiosk 402 (total universal storage cells 406 available, universal storage cells 406 by energy source, solar irradiance outside kiosk 402, temperature, power requirement being supplied/used etc.).

[0272] Check proximity and locate kiosks 402 near a given location

(home/office/source/destination) or current place (place pin), distance to route etc. Plan trips by setting destinations, selecting each kiosks 402 to match available universal storage cells 406 to give required energy for a time being such as on a road- trip (especially for EVs).

[0273] These where the requests can be further refined with added data, like how many universal storage cells 406 depending on demand (numeric), what type (all renewables, mostly renewables, all grid etc.), where (location), when (time and date) and how much money is due (POS functionality). This allows users to pick clean energy sources to power their homes and cars, and this data is structured with the memory in each cell which tracked which source of energy was used to charge up individual cells for latest/last cycle. It can be queried as such during cell section.

[0274] App screen can display the equivalent dollar amount for turning in energy through charged universal storage cells 406 from their vehicles, from captured energy like alternator split, or wasted ones like thermo-electric generation, regenerative braking and shocks. Alternatively, if circuit is reversed such that instead of empty universal storage cells 406 charging from the car, charged universal storage cells 406 are feeding power into the car, the app screen can also show how much energy charged universal storage cells 406 have provided (in $ terms) to power the onboard computer needs or vehicle electrical power requirements (radio, lights, windows etc.) The dollar amount is put as: [Money saved from not using engine gas] - [amount paid for universal storage cell 406 rental] .

[0275] The app also integrates to a docking station inside a home which uses universal storage cells 406 to power home needs through a built-in inverter 428. A percentage of the home needs (that day, or any given time period) can be supplied by the universal storage cells 406, during peak or power outage and the app tracks energy and cost data (and any other pertinent information).

[0276] Users can be notified in their apps directly when the utility species peak demand charges through "time-of-use" rate schedules, or when the system predicts an upcoming peak demand charge event. Users, with the press of a button ("Shave Peak Demand") can engage the universal storage cells 406 in their home dock to power their home needs during a part or all of the peak demand time. This is in lieu of hitting the discharge button under/on the PDM screen on the physical docking station.

[0277] GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS

[0278] Although the present application sets forth a detailed description of numerous different embodiments, it should be understood that the legal scope of the description is defined by the words of the claims set forth at the end of this patent and equivalents. The detailed description is to be construed as exemplary only and does not describe every possible embodiment since describing every possible embodiment would be impractical. Numerous alternative embodiments may be implemented, using either current technology or technology developed after the filing date of this patent, which would still fall within the scope of the claims. [0279] Throughout this specification, plural instances may implement components, operations, or structures described as a single instance. Although individual operations of one or more methods are illustrated and described as separate operations, one or more of the individual operations may be performed concurrently, and nothing requires that the operations be performed in the order illustrated. Structures and functionality presented as separate components in example configurations may be implemented as a combined structure or component. Similarly, structures and functionality presented as a single component may be implemented as separate components. These and other variations, modifications, additions, and improvements fall within the scope of the subject matter herein.

[0280] Certain embodiments are described herein as including logic or a number of routines, subroutines, applications, or instructions. These may constitute either software (e.g. , code embodied on a machine-readable medium or in a transmission signal) or hardware. In hardware, the routines, etc., are tangible units capable of performing certain operations and may be configured or arranged in a certain manner. In example embodiments, one or more computer systems (e.g. , a standalone, client or server computer system) or one or more hardware modules of a computer system (e.g. , a processor or a group of processors) may be configured by software (e.g. , an application or application portion) as computer hardware that operates to perform certain operations as described herein.

[0281] In various embodiments, computer hardware, such as a processing element, may be implemented as special purpose or as general purpose. For example, the processing element may comprise dedicated circuitry or logic that is permanently configured, such as an application- specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or indefinitely configured, such as an FPGA, to perform certain operations. The processing element may also comprise programmable logic or circuitry (e.g. , as encompassed within a general-purpose processor or other programmable processor) that is temporarily configured by software to perform certain operations. It will be appreciated that the decision to implement the processing element as special purpose, in dedicated and permanently configured circuitry, or as general purpose (e.g. , configured by software) may be driven by cost and time considerations.

[0282] Accordingly, the term "processing element" or equivalents should be understood to encompass a tangible entity or group of tangible entities, be that entities that are physically constructed, permanently configured (e.g., hardwired), or temporarily configured (e.g. , programmed) to operate in a certain manner or to perform certain operations described herein. Considering embodiments in which the processing element is temporarily configured (e.g. , programmed), each of the processing elements need not be configured or instantiated at any one instance in time. For example, where the processing element comprises a general-purpose processor configured using software, the general-purpose processor may be configured as respective different processing elements at different times. Software may accordingly configure the processing element to constitute a particular hardware configuration at one instance of time and to constitute a different hardware configuration at a different instance of time. Moreover, the "processing element" may, unless more narrowly described, consist of multiple separate tangible pieces of hardware for operating in the described manner to perform certain operations described herein.

[0283] Computer hardware components, such as communication elements, memory elements, processing elements, and the like, may provide information to, and receive information from, other computer hardware components. Accordingly, the described computer hardware components may be regarded as being communicatively coupled. Where multiple of such computer hardware components exist contemporaneously, communications may be achieved through signal transmission (e.g. , over appropriate circuits and buses) that connect the computer hardware components. In embodiments in which multiple computer hardware components are configured or instantiated at different times, communications between such computer hardware components may be achieved, for example, through the storage and retrieval of information in memory structures to which the multiple computer hardware components have access. For example, one computer hardware component may perform an operation and store the output of that operation in a memory device to which it is communicatively coupled. A further computer hardware component may then, at a later time, access the memory device to retrieve and process the stored output. Computer hardware components may also initiate communications with input or output devices, and may operate on a resource (e.g. , a collection of information).

[0284] The various operations of example methods described herein may be performed, at least partially, by one or more processing elements that are temporarily configured (e.g. , by software) or permanently configured to perform the relevant operations. Whether temporarily or permanently configured, such processing elements may constitute processing element- implemented modules that operate to perform one or more operations or functions. The modules referred to herein may, in some example embodiments, comprise processing element- implemented modules.

[0285] Similarly, the methods or routines described herein may be at least partially processing element- implemented. For example, at least some of the operations of a method may be performed by one or more processing elements or processing element-implemented hardware modules. The performance of certain of the operations may be distributed among the one or more processing elements, not only residing within a single machine, but deployed across a number of machines. In some example embodiments, the processing elements may be located in a single location (e.g. , within a home environment, an office environment or as a server farm), while in other embodiments the processing elements may be distributed across a number of locations.

[0286] Unless specifically stated otherwise, discussions herein using words such as

"processing," "computing," "calculating," "determining," "presenting," "displaying," or the like may refer to actions or processes of a machine (e.g. , a computer with a processing element and other computer hardware components) that manipulates or transforms data represented as physical (e.g. , electronic, magnetic, or optical) quantities within one or more memories (e.g. , volatile memory, non-volatile memory, or a combination thereof), registers, or other machine components that receive, store, transmit, or display information.

[0287] As used herein, the terms "comprises," "comprising," "includes," "including,"

"has," "having" or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements is not necessarily limited to only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. For the avoidance of doubt, the term "cell" is used herein interchangeably with the term "universal storage cell."

[0288] Although the above description presents features of preferred embodiments of the present invention, other preferred embodiments may also be created in keeping with the principles of the invention. Furthermore, these other preferred embodiments may in some instances be realized through a combination of features compatible for use together despite having been presented independently in the above description.

[0289] It should be noted, in view of the foregoing description, that the word "universal" as applied to specific terms used herein, does not necessarily connote complete universality of such components for use in all applications. For example, a "universal" storage cell may not feasibly be used to power a watch, but may still be considered a "universal" cell. In some embodiments, the term may simply refer to use in an appreciably numerous number of applications.

[0290] It should be noted that, in certain embodiments, the functions described throughout this disclosure as being performed by the inventory program may be performed with or without user input without departing from the spirit of the present inventive concept. For example, the inventory program may cause a visual representation of a block of system data to appear to a user or administrator. The inventory program may thereafter receive an input in response to said display of the block of data from the user or administrator that causes the inventory program to issue instructions to certain other system components, thereby instructing such other system component(s) in response to the block of data, albeit at least partially in reliance on such input.

[0291] The preferred forms of the invention described above are to be used as illustration only and should not be utilized in a limiting sense in interpreting the scope of the present invention. Obvious modifications to the exemplary embodiments, as hereinabove set forth, could be readily made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

[0292] The inventors hereby state their intent to rely on the Doctrine of Equivalents to determine and assess the reasonably fair scope of the present invention as pertains to any apparatus not materially departing from but outside the literal scope of the invention set forth in the following claims.