AND USING THE SAME

SPECIFICATION FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0001] The presently disclosed subject matter relates generally to a system for dispensing a packaged product. As set forth in more detail herein below, the disclosed packaging system includes an outer container and an inner flexible package comprising a frangible seal. Methods of making and using the disclosed system are also included within the scope of the presently disclosed subject matter.

BACKGROUND

[0002] In food service, and in particular in the field of high volume fast food service, it is frequently desired that food be supplemented by condiments such as ketchup, mustard, mayonnaise, and the like. It has recently become customary in retail fast service chain food outlets to use a wide variety of devices to dispense a measured quantity of flowable product. For example, a trigger-activated dispensing gun assembly has commonly been used in "back of the restaurant" operations for discharging one or more condiments or sauces. The gun assembly dispenses a quantity of a condiment with each pull of a gun trigger. The gun assembly includes a cylindrical container that houses the condiment and cooperates with a trigger in a gun to dispense the condiment out of a nozzle. However, the gun, cylindrical container, and nozzle are typically disassembled and cleaned each time the container is emptied and refilled. In addition, the gun assembly typically can be messy, as condiment can drip from the nozzle between uses. Furthermore, the rod portion of the dispensing gun is cumbersome and problematic for users.

[0003] Therefore, it would be beneficial to provide a dispensing system that addresses the shortcomings in the prior art. SUMMARY

[0004] Embodiments of the presently disclosed subject matter are directed to a dispenser comprising an outer cylinder, an inner cylinder, a pusher disc, an end plate, a discharge unit, and an actuator. In some embodiments, the outer cylinder comprises a first end and a second end, an outside surface, and an inside surface comprising a helical groove extending from the first end to the second end. In some embodiments, the inner cylinder comprises an interior, one or more slots extending along the length of the inner cylinder, and one or more apertures. In some embodiments, the pusher disc is sized and shaped to fit into the inner cylinder interior, and comprises at least one tab sized and shaped to fit into the inner cylinder slots and extending into the helical groove of the outer cylinder. In some

embodiments, the end plate is sized and shaped to be positioned on the second end of the outer cylinder. In some embodiments, the disclosed discharge unit comprises at least one valve and is sized and shaped to be positioned on the end plate. In some embodiments, the actuator is positioned on the first end of the outer cylinder and comprises a ledge sized and shaped to fit into the apertures of the inner cylinder.

[0005] In other embodiments, a dispenser comprises an outer cylinder comprising a first end and a second end, an outside surface, and an inside surface comprising a helical groove extending from the first end to the second end. The dispenser may also include an inner cylinder insertable into the outer cylinder and also extending from the first end to the second end, the inner cylinder comprising an interior defining a longitudinal axis, a plurality of slots extending along a length of the inner cylinder from the first end towards the second end, and at least one first engagement feature such as a protrusion or a recess. The dispenser may include a pusher disc insertable into the inner cylinder interior and may comprise a plurality of protrusions positioned, sized, and shaped to fit through respective ones of the inner cylinder slots and also into the helical groove of the outer cylinder. The dispenser may include an end plate removably coupled to the first end of the outer cylinder. The end plate may comprise at least one opening, said opening may be an aperture or a valve. The dispenser may include an actuator rotatably coupled to the second end of the outer cylinder and comprises at least one second engagement feature sized and shaped to engage the first engagement feature on the inner cylinder. The engagement feature on the dispenser may be a counterpart engagement feature to that included in the inner cylinder. For example, the dispenser engagement feature may be a protrusion while the inner cylinder engagement feature may be an aperture. Alternatively, the dispenser engagement feature may be an opening while the inner cylinder engagement feature may be a protrusion. In one or more embodiments, rotation of the actuator about the outer cylinder causes the first and second engagement features to engage and rotate the inner cylinder, which in turn causes the inner cylinder slots to propel the pusher disc protrusions within the helical groove thereby causing the pusher disc to translate along the longitudinal axis.

[0006] A method of making a product dispenser may comprise the steps of inserting a pusher disc into the interior of an inner cylinder, the inner cylinder comprising, an interior defining a longitudinal axis, a plurality of longitudinally extending slots. The method may include the step of positioning a plurality of protrusions extending laterally from the pusher disc so that the protrusions extend through respective ones of the inner cylinder slots, and inserting the inner cylinder concentrically within an outer cylinder, the outer cylinder comprising a helical groove extending from a first end of the outer cylinder to a second opposite end of the outer cylinder. The method may include guiding the protrusions from the pusher disc into the helical groove of the outer cylinder and attaching an end plate to the first end of the outer cylinder, the end plate comprising at least one opening. The assembly method may also include attaching an actuator that is rotatably mountable to the second end of the outer cylinder whilst engaging cooperating rotational drive features located on each of the actuator and inner cylinder. Once assembled, rotating the actuator about the outer cylinder causes the cooperating rotational drive features to engage thus rotating the inner cylinder, which in turn causes the inner cylinder slots to propel the pusher disc protrusions within the helical groove thereby causing the pusher disc to translate along the longitudinal axis.

BRIEF DESCRI PTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0007] Figure 1 a is a front plan view of a dispenser in accordance with some embodiments of the presently disclosed subject matter;

[0008] Figure 1 b is a cutaway view of the dispenser of Figure 1 a;

[0009] Figure 2a is a perspective view of one embodiment of an outer cylinder; [0010] Figure 2b is a cutaway view of the outer cylinder of Figure 2a;

[0011] Figure 3 is a perspective view of one embodiment of an inner cylinder;

[0012] Figure 4a is a perspective view of one embodiment of a pusher disc in accordance with some embodiments of the presently disclosed subject matter;

[0013] Figure 4b is a top plan view of one embodiment of the pusher disc of Figure 4a;

[0014] Figure 5a is a perspective view of one embodiment of an actuator in accordance with some embodiments of the presently disclosed subject matter;

[0015] Figure 5b is a top plan view of the actuator of Figure 5a;

[0016] Figure 5c is a bottom plan view of the actuator of Figure 5a;

[0017] Figure 5d is a detail view of a portion of the bottom plan view of the actuator of Figure 5c;

[0018] Figure 6a is a perspective view of one embodiment of an end plate in accordance with some embodiments of the presently disclosed subject matter;

[0019] Figure 6b is a bottom plan view of the end plate of Figure 6a;

[0020] Figure 7a is a perspective view of one embodiment of a discharge unit in accordance with some embodiments of the presently disclosed subject matter;

[0021] Figure 7b is a bottom plan view of the discharge unit of Figure 7a;

[0022] Figure 7c is a bottom perspective view of the discharge unit of Figure 7a;

[0023] Figures 8a-8d are perspective views of one embodiment of assembling the disclosed dispenser;

[0024] Figure 9a is a perspective view of one embodiment of an end plate in accordance with some embodiments of the presently disclosed subject matter;

[0025] Figure 9b is a perspective section view of the embodiment of the end plate of Figure 9a;

[0026] Figures 10a-10d are detailed cross section views depicting a sequence for dispensing product with a dispenser according to some embodiments of the presently disclosed subject matter; [0027] Figure 1 1 is a graphical representation of a cutaway view of one embodiment of an outer cylinder;

[0028] Figure 12a is a perspective view of one embodiment of an end plate and discharge unit in accordance with the presently disclosed subject matter;

[0029] Figure 12b is a section view of one embodiment of an end plate and discharge unit in accordance with the presently disclosed subject matter;

[0030] Figure 13 is a perspective, partially exploded assembly view of one embodiment of a pusher disc with wipers and thread sweepers in accordance with the presently disclosed subject matter;

[0031] Figure 14 shows a perspective, partial section view of one embodiment of a pusher disc with wipers and thread sweepers within a dispenser in accordance with the presently disclosed subject matter;

[0032] Figure 15 is an isometric view of a dispenser assembly in accordance with some embodiments of the presently disclosed subject matter;

[0033] Figure 16 is a partial exploded view of the dispenser assembly of Figurel 5 in accordance with some embodiments of the presently disclosed subject matter;

[0034] Figure 17 is an isometric exploded assembly view of one embodiment of an end plate in accordance with some embodiments of the presently disclosed subject matter;

[0035] Figure 18 is an isometric assembly section view of one embodiment of an end plate in accordance with some embodiments of the presently disclosed subject matter;

[0036] Figure 19 is an isometric view of one embodiment of an end plate hub in accordance with some embodiments of the presently disclosed subject matter;

[0037] Figure 20a is a partial exploded view of the dispenser assembly of Figurel 5 in accordance with some embodiments of the presently disclosed subject matter;

[0038] Figure 20b is a partial exploded view of the dispenser assembly of Figurel 5 in accordance with some embodiments of the presently disclosed subject matter;

[0039] Figure 21 is bottom plan view of one embodiment of an actuator assembly in accordance with some embodiments of the presently disclosed subject matter; [0040] Figure 22 is front section view of the actuator assembly of Figure 21 in accordance with some embodiments of the presently disclosed subject matter;

[0041] Figure 23 is an exploded isometric view of a dispenser assembly in

accordance with some embodiments of the presently disclosed subject matter;

[0042] Figure 24 is front view of a pouch support in accordance with some

embodiments of the presently disclosed subject matter;

[0043] Figure 25 is an exploded isometric view of an actuator assembly in

accordance with some embodiments of the presently disclosed subject matter;

[0044] Figure 26 is an isometric view of a spring seat in accordance with some embodiments of the presently disclosed subject matter;

[0045] Figure 27a is an isometric section view of the actuator assembly of Figure 25 in a dispensing state in accordance with some embodiments of the presently disclosed subject matter; and

[0046] Figure 27b is an isometric section view of the actuator assembly of Figure 25 in a retract state in accordance with some embodiments of the presently disclosed subject matter.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

I. General Considerations

[0047] The presently disclosed subject matter provides a dispensing system and method for dispensing a product onto one or more areas (one or more spots of mustard dispensed on a hamburger bun, for example). As set forth in more detail herein, the disclosed packaging system includes a dispenser comprising two coaxial, concentric cylinders, a pusher disc, an actuator, an end plate, and an optional discharge unit. In some embodiments, the disclosed system further comprises a pouch housing a product to be dispensed.

II. Definitions

[0048] Following long standing patent law convention, the terms "a", "an", and "the" refer to "one or more" when used in the subject application, including the claims. Thus, for example, reference to "a film" includes a plurality of such films, and so forth.

[0049] The term "condiment" as used herein refers to (but is not limited to) sauces, salad dressing, emulsions, frosting, icing, ketchup, mustard, guacamole, sour cream, salsa, nacho cheese, taco sauce, barbecue sauce, tartar sauce, mayonnaise, jams, jellies, spices, and the like. In some embodiments, the term "condiment" can include any and all additives that a user can choose to add to any food item for any purpose, e.g. for organoleptic, processing, or preservative purposes.

[0050] As used herein, the term "exterior" refers to the outside portion of a container or other article.

[0051] As used herein, the term "film" can be used in a generic sense to include plastic web, regardless of whether it is film or sheet.

[0052] The term "filled" as used herein refers to an item (such as a pouch) that has been occupied with a product in a manner consistent with a commercial filling operation. Thus, a pouch may or may not be 100% filled.

[0053] The term "flexible" is used herein to refer to materials that are pliable and easily deform in the presence of external forces. In some embodiments, suitable flexible materials can be characterized by a modulus of less than about 50,000 PSI and in some embodiments less than 40,000 PSI (ASTM D-872-81 ).

[0054] The term "frangible seal" as used herein refers to a seal that is sufficiently durable to allow normal handling and storage, but ruptures or substantially ruptures under applied pressure. In some embodiments, suitable frangible seals can have a peel strength of from about 0.5 to less than about 5 pounds/inch, as measured by ASTM F88 (incorporated by reference in its entirety herein).

[0055] The term "interior" as used herein refers to the inside portion of an article, such as a pouch or a container.

[0056] The term "polymeric film" as used herein refers to a thermoplastic material, generally in sheet or web form, having one or more layers formed from polymeric or other materials that are bonded together by any conventional or suitable method, including one or more of the following: coextrusion, extrusion coating, lamination, vapor deposition coating, and the like. [0057] As used herein, the term "pouch" refers to any of the wide variety of containers known in the art, including (but not limited to) bags, packets, packages, and the like.

[0058] As used herein, the term "seal" refers to any seal of a first region of an outer film surface to a second region of an outer film surface, including heat or any type of adhesive material, thermal or otherwise. In some embodiments, the seal can be formed by heating the regions to at least their respective seal initiation temperatures. The sealing can be performed by any one or more of a wide variety of methods, including (but not limited to) using a heat seal technique (e.g., melt-bead sealing, thermal sealing, impulse sealing, dielectric sealing, radio frequency sealing, ultrasonic sealing, hot air, hot wire, infrared radiation).

[0059] The term "valve" as used herein refers to any device by which the flow of material can be started, stopped, rerouted or regulated by a movable part that opens, closes, or partially obstructs a passageway through which the material flows. In some embodiments, a suitable valve can comprise (but is not limited to) an umbrella valve, duckbill valve, reed valve, ball valve, flapper valve, poppet valve, Gott valve, check valve, or any suitable combination thereof.

[0060] Any direction referred to herein, such as "top," "bottom," "left," "right," "upper," "lower," and other directions and orientations are described for clarity in reference to the figures and are not to be limiting. It is to be understood that the films or systems described herein can be used in a wide variety of directions and orientations.

[0061] All compositional percentages used herein are presented on a "by weight" basis, unless designated otherwise.

[0062] Although the majority of the above definitions are substantially as understood by those of skill in the art, one or more of the above definitions can be defined hereinabove in a manner differing from the meaning as ordinarily understood by those of skill in the art, due to the particular description herein of the presently disclosed subject matter. III. The Disclosed Dispensing System III.A. Dispenser 5

[0063] As illustrated in Figures 1 a and 1 b, one embodiment of the disclosed dispenser 5 comprises two coaxial cylinders 10, 15, pusher disc 20, actuator 25, end plate 30, and discharge unit 35. The dispenser 5 may be used to dispense a product contained within pouch 175 (depicted by dashed lines in Figure 1 B) placed within the dispenser by compressing the pouch between pusher disc 20 and end plate 30 with enough pressure to cause the product to expel from the pouch and out of the discharge unit. The mechanical workings of the dispenser 5 are described with reference to the individual components laid out below. In one or more embodiments, the coaxial cylinders 10, 15 define a longitudinal axis A.

III. B. Outer Cylinder 10

[0064] As shown in Figures 2a and 2b, an embodiment of hollow outer cylinder 10 includes first end 40, second end 45, and continuous helical groove 50 along the interior 55 of the cylinder, spanning from the first end to the second end. Helical groove 50 functions to guide pusher disc 20 towards end plate 30 during each activation of actuator 25. Groove 50 includes a pitch that controls the distance pusher disc 20 will move, thereby controlling the flow amount of product that is ultimately dispensed. For example, a steep pitch will enable a greater amount of product to be dispensed compared to a more gradual pitch. The pitch can be uniform between grooves for the entire length of the outer cylinder.

[0065] In some embodiments, outer cylinder 10 further comprises at least one attachment mechanism 60 (such as threads) positioned on the exterior of the first and second ends. The outer cylinder attachment mechanism cooperates with a corresponding attachment mechanism on both the actuator and the end plate to allow both to be releasably attached to the first and/or second end of the outer cylinder. It should be appreciated that end plate 30 and actuator 25 can be attached to first and second ends of the outer cylinder using any method known in the art, such as (but not limited to) screw threads or a location fit, press fit, twist lock, bayonet mount, tab, slot, and/or snap fit arrangement. In one embodiment, the actuator 25 attaches to the outer cylinder 10 using a first attachment mechanism and the end plate 30 attaches to the outer cylinder 10 using a second attachment mechanism. In other embodiments, attachment mechanisms 60 are different at the first and second ends 40, 45. Including different attachment mechanisms for the actuator 25 and end plate 30 may allow the actuator 25 to be rotatably attached to the outer cylinder 10 while permitting the end plate 30 to be attached in a secure, non-rotatable manner. In one embodiment, threads 60 at the exterior of the outer cylinder 10 and groove 50 on the inside of the outer cylinder 10 are constructed with opposite pitch directions. For example, the threads 60 may be left-handed threads while the groove 50 may be a right-handed thread or vice-versa. Including different pitch directions can be useful in preventing the end plate 30 from twisting off during rotation of the actuator 25 to dispense the product 180.

[0066] Outer cylinder 10 can be constructed from any of a variety of rigid or semirigid materials known in the art, including (but not limited to) plastic, metal, wood, cardboard, chipboard, stiff paper, foamed plastics, recycled materials, compostable materials, heavy foil, and/or combinations thereof. Such materials are typically suitable for forming, yet stiff or rigid enough to resist buckling, folding, crumbling or collapsing due to compression, handling, and shipping. Foamed plastics or other insulating materials might offer additional advantages, such as maintaining product 180 temperatures (hot or cold) for extended periods.

[0067] Outer cylinder can be constructed using any conventional process known in the art, such as rotational molding, blow molding, reheat stretch blow molding, injection molding, casting, roll forming, stamping, and the like. Groove 50 of the outer cylinder can be constructed using any method known or used in the art, including (but not limited to) tapping, turning, single point, sand casting, wire edm, machining, and the like.

[0068] Outer cylinder 10 is not limited to the cylindrical shape illustrated in the figures, and can have a rectangular, triangular, hexagonal, octagonal, square or other cross-sectional shape, including a combination of any of these shapes. Thus, outer cylinder 10 can be formed as any suitable receptacle with an interior 55 and can have different dimensions and volume capacities. Accordingly, in some embodiments, the outer cylinder can comprise a shape that promotes a manual grip, such as a convex or concave outer profile. In some embodiments, at least a portion of an outer surface of the outer cylinder can include a coating of a material that promotes a manual grip, such as a texturized surface such as rubber, synthetic rubber, plastic, thermoplastic polymer, and any combination thereof.

III.C. Inner Cylinder 15

[0069] Inner cylinder 15 comprises first end 65, second end 70, and at least one longitudinal slot 75, as illustrated in the embodiment from Figure 3. Longitudinal slots 75 are disposed and configured to engage tabs 90 on the pusher disc 20 to allow it to translate the length of the cylinders, as set forth in more detail below. The illustrated embodiment of inner cylinder 15 also comprises at least one aperture 80 that interacts with actuator 25 to enable the inner cylinder to be rotated with respect to the outer cylinder, thereby allowing the pusher disc to advance along groove 50.

[0070] Inner cylinder 15 can be constructed from any of a variety of materials known in the art, including (but not limited to) plastic, metal, wood, cardboard, chipboard, stiff paper, foamed plastics, recycled materials, compostable materials, heavy foil, and/or combinations thereof.

[0071] Inner cylinder 15 can be constructed using any conventional process known in the art, such as rotational molding, blow molding, reheat stretch blow molding, injection molding, casting, roll forming, stamping, and the like. Slots 75 can be constructed using any method known in the art, including (but not limited to) molding and/or cutting (such as by a secondary fabrication operation).

[0072] Inner cylinder 15 is not limited to the cylindrical shape illustrated in the figures, and can have a rectangular, triangular, hexagonal, octagonal, square or other cross- sectional shape, including a combination of any of these shapes. However, the shape of inner cylinder 15 must be sized and shaped to cooperate with interior 55 of outer cylinder 10 to allow close fitting concentric interaction. III. D. Pusher Disc 20

[0073] Pusher disc 20 is a movable disc used to drive the contents of an internal pouch positioned in interior 85 of inner cylinder 15 toward end plate 30. The pusher disc is sized and shaped to be closely received within the interior of the dispenser (i.e., within the void of inner cylinder 15 interior 85). As shown in the embodiment of Figures 4a and 4b, pusher disc 20 comprises at least one tab 90 that is sized and shaped to fit into slots 80 of the inner cylinder. Tabs 90 further are sized and shaped to engage with helical groove 50 of the outer cylinder, permitting axial movement of the pusher disc. Thus, when the actuator 25 rotates the inner cylinder 15, pressure is exerted on pusher disc 20 from slots 75, the pusher disc reacts by rotating with the tabs 90 moving along the helical groove towards end plate 30. As a result, the pouch positioned within interior 85 of the inner cylinder is compressed, thereby increasing pressure and dispensing the product housed within the pouch.

[0074] In the embodiment illustrated in Figures 4A and 4B, the pusher disc 20 includes three tabs 90, in part to prevent the pusher disc 20 from tilting during translation through the inner cylinder 15. Fewer tabs may be used where the size and shape of the tabs 90 help contribute to the stability of the pusher disc 20 during translation. That is, in order to keep the pusher disc 20 from tilting, the tabs 90 might include a rectilinear cross section that closely fits a matching rectilinear helical groove shape to prevent the pusher disc from tilting. Certainly, more tabs 90 are also possible. In some embodiments, the number of tabs 90 matches the number and circumferential location of corresponding number of slots 75 on inner cylinder 15. Moreover, in the illustrated embodiments, the tabs 90 lie essentially in a common plane. To accommodate this configuration, the groove 50 may be a multiple helix groove, with one groove per tab 90. With multiple helixes in groove 50, the tabs 90 are able to lie in a common plane and to position pusher disc 20 to be substantially perpendicular to its translation direction. Alternatively, with a single helix groove 50, the tabs 90 may be arranged at different heights (not necessarily in the same plane) on a slightly thicker pusher disc 20.

[0075] Suitable materials for use in constructing pusher disc 20 include (but are not limited to) plastic, wood, metal, rubber, and the like. Pusher disc 20 can be constructed using any method known and used in the art, including (but not limited to) injection molding, casting, insert molding, machining, additive or subtractive manufacturing techniques, and the like. Tabs 90 might be integrally formed as part of a one-piece pusher disc 20. Alternatively, the tabs 90 might be configured as inserts or protrusions that are made of the same or different material as the pusher disc. For example, the tabs might be implemented as steel pins, wooden dowels, or other parts and materials that are inserted into holes formed or drilled around the circumference of the pusher disc 20. 11 I.E. Actuator 25

[0076] Actuator 25 protrudes from first end 40 of the outer cylinder (depending on orientation of the dispenser) to allow for easy handling by the user. As illustrated in Figures 5a-5d, an embodiment of actuator 25 comprises top face 95, bottom face 100, and lip 105. In some embodiments, top face 95 comprises one or more demarcations 96 or indicators that specify how far the actuator should be rotated for each product packaged within the dispenser. For example, the demarcations 96 could indicate ½ turn for a single dose of product. Other types of indicators might include, for example, protrusions, grooves, painted lines, dots, numbers or letters. Reference indicators might also be included on the outer cylinder (not shown). Bottom face 100 includes lip 105 that comprises a coupling mechanism (such as screw threads) or snap fit that coordinate with a coupling mechanism on the exterior of outer cylinder 10. As a result, the actuator is able to attach to the first and/or second end of the outer cylinder.

[0077] Bottom face 100 of actuator 25 comprises ledge 1 15 shaped to correspond with apertures 80 of the inner cylinder. Thus, when the actuator is attached to the outer cylinder, ledge 1 15 fits into apertures 80 of the inner cylinder, such that every time the actuator is turned, the inner cylinder rotates and the pusher disc is advanced along helical groove 50. Particularly, dosing volume is proportional to the relative angular displacement or thread pitch of the cylinders. Ledge 1 15 can take any of a wide variety of shapes, so long as it coordinates with apertures 80. One may appreciate that the illustrated engagement features (i.e., ledge 1 15 and apertures 80) are but one mechanism for transmitting rotational force from the actuator 25 to the inner cylinder 15. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that many different engagement features, include male-female couplings, gear teeth, and the like might be implemented as space constraints permit. In one embodiment, the inner cylinder 15 includes a protrusion or other male engagement feature while the actuator 25 might include a corresponding female engagement feature such as a hole, slot, or aperture.

[0078] The actuator 25 and outer cylinder 10 may include feedback features 14, 16 respectively (depicted in Figures 5d and 1 a or 8d) that cooperate to provide audible and/or tactile feedback to the user as the actuator is rotated and when an appropriate angular displacement is reached through contra-rotation of inner and outer cylinders 10, 15. For example, the actuator 25 can employ a series of recesses or slots along its inside perimeter that act on detents, slots, protrusions, tabs, or bosses in the outer cylinder 10. Alternatively, the feedback features 14, 16 may be incorporated into the inner and outer cylinders 10, 15.

[0079] Actuator 25 can be constructed from any of a wide variety of materials known and used in the art, including (but not limited to) plastic, wood, metal, rubber, and the like. Similarly, actuator 25 can be constructed using any method known in the art, including (but not limited to) rotational molding, roll forming, stamping, injection molding, casting, insert molding, machining, additive or subtractive manufacturing techniques, and the like.

111. F. End Plate 30

[0080] As set forth above and in one or more embodiments, dispenser 5 comprises end plate 30 in engagement with outer cylinder 10 and discharge unit 35.

Particularly, Figure 6a illustrates one embodiment of end plate 30 comprising first connection mechanism 125 (such as screw threads or bayonet mount) positioned on top face 130 to allow the end plate to releasably attach to second end 45 of outer cylinder 10. In addition, Figure 6b illustrates end plate 30 which comprises second connection mechanism 135 positioned on bottom face 140 to allow the end plate to connect to the discharge unit.

[0081] Figure 6a illustrates top face 130 of the end plate comprising flow-through aperture 120 that spans the end plate and allows the packaged product to flow from the interior of the dispenser (i.e., from pouch 175 positioned within the interior of inner cylinder 15) to discharge unit 35 for dispensing. Aperture 120 can comprise a single opening as shown, or can comprise two or more openings, depending on the product being dispensed. Similarly, aperture 120 can be constructed in any suitable shape or size. Top face 130 further comprises first connection mechanism 125 that functionally engages outer cylinder 10, through screw threads, snap fit, or any of a wide variety of other mechanisms known and used in the art.

[0082] Figure 6b illustrates bottom face 140 of the end plate comprising flow-through aperture 120 (as discussed above) and lip 145. Lip 145 includes second connection mechanism 135 that allows the end plate to attach to discharge unit 35. For example, in some embodiments, the discharge unit can have one or more screw threads that mate with coordinating screw threads on bottom face 140 of the end plate. However, any method of connecting the end plate to the discharge unit can be used, such as (but not limited to) location fit, press fit, twist lock, tab, slot, and/or snap fit arrangement.

[0083] End plate 30 can be constructed from any of a wide variety of materials known and used in the art, including (but not limited to) plastic, wood, metal, rubber, and the like.

III.G. Discharge Unit 35 [0084] In one or more embodiments, dispenser 5 comprises discharge unit 35 connected to end plate 30 through which packaged product is dispensed. As shown in Figure 7a, discharge unit 35 comprises at least one valve 150 though which packaged product can be dispensed. Figure 7a illustrates top face 155 of the discharge unit comprising a coupling mechanism 170 that allows connection of the discharge unit to the end plate 30. In some embodiments, the coupling mechanism 170 can include screw threads, snap fit, bayonet mount or any connection mechanism known and used in the art. Top face 155 further comprises the top portion of valve 150. It should be appreciated that in some embodiments discharge unit 35 and end plate 30 can be combined into a single component. Such a combination may be desirable for reducing part count and material costs. However, separating the end plate 30 and discharge unit 35 into separate parts may offer advantages such as adaptability for different dispensed products and ease of cleaning. In one embodiment, flow-through opening 120 in end plate 30 includes a valve 150.

[0085] Figure 7c illustrates bottom face 160 of discharge unit 35, comprising the exit portion of valve 150. In some embodiments, the bottom face of the discharge unit comprises lip 165 to facilitate flow of the packaged product out of the dispenser and to minimize messes. In addition, in some embodiments, lip 165 can function to support the package in an upright position.

[0086] Valve 150 can be of any suitable variety known in the art, and can have at least one passageway to allow packaged product to exit the pouch, in response to advancement of pusher disc 20. Thus, product 180 can travel from the interior of the dispenser (i.e., from pouch 175 positioned within interior 85 of inner cylinder 15) through flow through aperture 120 and through valve 150 to be dispensed. Valve 150 can be constructed in any suitable shape, e.g. circular, square, oval, and the like. Valve 150 can be of any suitable type, such as an umbrella valve, gate valve, duckbill valve, reed valve, ball valve, flapper valve, poppet valve, Gott valve, check valve, or any suitable combination thereof. In some embodiments, valve 150 can be optional when dispensing high viscosity, thixotropic, or non-Newtonian fluids, but are generally required for lower viscosity, Newtonian fluids. In addition, discharge unit 35 can comprise four valves as shown in the Figures or any number of valves, depending on the product to be dispensed, i.e., one, two, three, etc. Valves 150 may be formed integrally into the end plate 30 and/or discharge unit 35, through techniques such as co-molding or adhesives, for example. Alternatively, the valves 150 may be removable and replaceable to facilitate cleaning or use with different types of products 180.

[0087] Discharge unit 35 can be constructed from any suitable rigid or semi-rigid material known in the art, such as metal, wood, rubber, plastic, and the like; from polyethylene terephthalate, high density polyethylene, low density polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene, polystyrene, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, polyamide, polycarbonates, or combinations thereof. Although depicted as circular in shape in the drawings, the discharge unit can be formed in any desired shape, e.g. oval, circular, square, rectangular, and the like.

III.H. Pouch 175

[0088] As set forth herein above, pouch 175 comprising product 180 is housed within the interior of dispenser 5. Specifically, the pouch is housed within interior 85 of inner cylinder 15. In some embodiments, pouch 175 is constructed from any of the wide variety of polymeric materials known and used in the art. In some embodiments, pouch 175 comprises at least one frangible seal to enable product 180 to exit the pouch in response to increased pressure. However, pouch 175 is not limited and can be any pouch known and used in the art. In one or more embodiments, the pouch may be as described in co-pending, commonly assigned patent application

PCT/US2015/041539, filed on July 22, 2015 and published as WO/2016/018694, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference herein. 111.1. Alternative Embodiment of End Plate 230

[0089] Embodiments of end plate 30 described above may be fabricated as a single piece. In an alternative embodiment shown in Figures 9a-9b and 10a-10d, end plate 230 includes a fixed portion 240 and floating portion 250 that are slidingly coupled to one another. The advantages of this movement relate to the initial opening and dispensing of product 180 from pouch 175 and are described in greater detail below.

[0090] Figure 9b shows that fixed portion 240 includes a first connection mechanism 125 for releasable attachment to outer cylinder 10 as described above. End plate 230 also includes a floating portion 250 that is captively retained within the fixed portion 240. Specifically, fixed portion 240 includes an outer cylindrical wall 242 with the aforementioned first connection mechanism 125 located at an interior of the cylindrical wall and generally disposed towards a first end 244 of the cylindrical wall. A shelf 248 extends laterally inward at the opposite second end 246 of the cylindrical wall 242. The shelf 248 extends inward and terminates within a corresponding recess 252 in a generally cylindrical outer wall 254 of the floating portion 250. The coupling between shelf 248 and recess 252 permits axial movement (indicated by arrow A1 ) of the floating portion 250 with respect to the fixed portion 240. The height of the recess 252 and thickness of the shelf 248 determine the amount of axial movement permissible between the fixed portion 240 and the floating portion 250. In one embodiment, the floating portion 250 is able to move about 6mm to 7mm between the limits of axial movement. As will be described below, different amounts of axial movement may be desirable depending on the particular product being dispensed.

[0091] The floating portion 250 shown in Figures 9a & 9b includes a generally planar upper wall 260 with a central aperture 120 through which the dispensed product may flow as described above. A generally cylindrical skirt 262 extends downward from the upper wall 260 and through the inside of shelf 248 of the fixed portion 240.

Recess 252 is formed in the outer wall 254 of the skirt 262 between the upper wall

260 and second connection mechanism 135 located at the bottom of the skirt 262. The second connection mechanism 135 is provided to connect with discharge unit

35 as described above. In one embodiment, the floating portion 250 may be combined with discharge unit 35 as one component. [0092] In the embodiment shown in Figures 9a & 9b, the shelf 248 of fixed portion 240 includes a step 264 that is sized to accommodate a portion of the upper wall 260 above recess 252 when the floating portion 250 is in a fully extended position (downward in Figure 9b, and as shown in Figure 10c). The step 264 allows upper wall 260 to sit flush and within the same plane as shelf 248. In other embodiments, the shelf 248 is uniform in thickness and the upper wall 260 may rest above shelf 248 when the floating portion 250 is fully extended relative to the fixed portion 240.

[0093] End plate 230 can be constructed from any of a wide variety of materials known and used in the art, including (but not limited to) plastic, wood, metal, rubber, and the like. Furthermore, because the fixed portion 240 and floating portion 250 are captive with respect to each other, the floating portion 250 may be manufactured as two separate pieces that are joined together to capture the fixed portion 240. For example, the floating portion 250 may be manufactured as two separate pieces separated by the dashed line D3 shown in Figure 9b. To assemble the end plate 230, the skirt portion 262 can be inserted through the shelf 248 of the fixed portion 240 then secured to the upper wall portion 260 using known attachment techniques. Some techniques that might be used to secure the separate pieces might include, for example, ultrasonic welding, mechanical fastening, solvent bonding, UV bonding, and the like. Alternatively, three dimensional manufacturing techniques, including for example molding or printing, might be used to fabricate the end plate 230 as a single piece with detachable filaments (not specifically shown) securing shelf 248 to one or more surfaces of outer wall 254 in the vicinity of the recess 252. Once fabricated, the fixed portion 240 can be separated from the floating portion 250 by detaching said filaments to permit axial movement of the parts with respect to each other. III. J. Alternative Embodiment of Outer Cylinder 310

[0094] Similar to the embodiment shown in Figures 2a and 2b, Figure 1 1 depicts (at least graphically) an embodiment of hollow outer cylinder 310 includes first end 40, second end 45, and continuous helical groove 350 along the interior 55 of the cylinder, spanning from the first end to the second end. As with embodiments discussed above helical groove 350 functions to guide pusher disc 20 towards end plate 30 during each activation of actuator 25. Groove 350 includes a pitch that controls the distance pusher disc 20 will move, thereby controlling the flow amount of product that is ultimately dispensed. For example, a steep pitch will enable a greater amount of product to be dispensed compared to a more gradual pitch. In the illustrated embodiment, groove 350 includes a variable pitch. In one embodiment, the pitch may vary, beginning with a larger, steeper pitch P1 at first and second ends 40, 45 in first pitch region 1 12. In one embodiment, the pitch may vary ending with a smaller, shallower pitch P2 in the middle of the interior 55 of the outer cylinder 310 within a second pitch region 1 14. In one embodiment, the pitch of groove 350 varies gradually from larger pitch P1 in first pitch region 1 12 at ends 40, 45 to a smaller pitch P2 in the second pitch region 1 14. In one embodiment, the pitch of groove 350 transitions from a first uniformly large pitch P1 in first pitch region 1 12 to a second uniformly small pitch P2 in second pitch region 1 14.

[0095] One advantage of the differing groove pitches P1 , P2 is that for a given rotation of actuator 25 about outer cylinder 10, a large pitch P1 may provide increased compression forces on product pouch 175 in regions where the added force may be necessary. For instance, added force to burst a pouch may be necessary when the pouch is full and when pusher disc 20 is located within first pitch region 1 12 at first end 40. Similarly, added force may be necessary to compress the product pouch 175 and dispense all remaining product 180 when the pusher disc 20 is located within first pitch region 1 12 at second end 45.

[0096] Other features of outer cylinder 310 may be the same or similar to features included in outer cylinder 10, such as threads or other coupling features 60 or feedback features 16. Outer cylinder 310 can be constructed from any of a variety of materials and processes as discussed above for outer cylinder 10.

I U.K. Alternative Embodiment of End Plate 330 and Discharge Unit 335 [0097] As discussed above, embodiments of end plate 30 and discharge unit 35 may include valves 150 to control the flow and dispensing of product 180. It is also contemplated that a valveless dispenser can be used when dispensing high viscosity, thixotropic, or non-Newtonian fluids. One embodiment of a valveless dispenser is shown in Figures 12A and 12B. In this illustrated embodiment, the end plate 330 includes a flow-through opening 320 similar to opening 120 in other embodiments of end plate 30. Also, the discharge unit 335 includes one or more discharge openings 450 for ultimately dispensing the product 180 as desired. In the illustrated embodiment, the discharge unit 335 includes three discharge openings 450, but may include fewer or more discharge openings 450, depending on the product 180 to be dispensed.

[0098] Similar to other embodiments described herein, end plate 330 can be coupled to outer cylinder 10 on the one end and to discharge unit 335 on the other. Though not explicitly shown in Figures 12a & 12b, end plate 330 includes a connection mechanism of the types described above that allows the end plate 330 to releasably attach to outer cylinder 10. In addition, Figure 12B illustrates a connection

mechanism 135 to allow the end plate 330 to connect to the discharge unit 335. As with other embodiments, the connection mechanism may include mating threads or other connections such as (but not limited to) location fit, press fit, twist lock, tab, slot, and/or snap fit arrangement.

[0099] The section view of Figure 12b illustrates the end plate 330 comprising a flow- through aperture 320 formed by a chute 340 that allows the packaged product 180 to flow from the interior of the dispenser (i.e., from pouch 175 positioned within the interior of inner cylinder 15) towards discharge unit 335 for dispensing. Aperture 320 can comprise a single opening as shown, or can comprise two or more openings, depending on the product being dispensed. Similarly, aperture 320 and chute 340 can be constructed in any suitable shape or size. In the illustrated embodiment, the chute 340 generally tapers to a narrowest diameter D1 at the end of the chute 340 closest to and facing the discharge unit 335. In other embodiments, the chute 340 may define an aperture 320 that includes a varying diameter, a substantially constant diameter, or even an increasing diameter. As in other embodiments, the end plate 330 can be constructed from any of a wide variety of materials known and used in the art, including (but not limited to) plastic, metal, rubber, and the like, including for example from polyethylene terephthalate, high density polyethylene, low density polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene, polystyrene, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, polyamide, polycarbonates, or combinations thereof.

[0100] The discharge unit 335 depicted in Figures 12a and 12b is removably coupled to end plate 330 with the aforementioned connection mechanism 135. The discharge unit 335 includes a diverter 345 that extends towards the end plate 330. The diverter 345 generally tapers to a widest diameter D2 at the end of the diverter 345 closest to and facing the end plate 330. In other embodiments, the diverter 345 may include a substantially constant diameter, or even a decreasing diameter that is smallest at the end of the diverter 345 closest to and facing the end plate 330. In the illustrated embodiment, the diverter 345 diameter D2 is larger than the chute 340 diameter D1 . In other embodiments diameter D2 can be substantially equal to D1 or perhaps even smaller than D1 . The chute 340 and diverter 345 cooperate to define a torturous flow path for the discharged product 180 that generally follows the dashed line path indicated by F1 , F2, and F3. Product 180 that is dispensed along flow path F1 generally follows a direction parallel to longitudinal axis A and into a region between the chute 340 and diverter 345. As the product 180 continues to flow, the product flows along flow path F2 that extends radially outward away from chute 340 and away from the longitudinal axis A into a peripheral volume 348 that is outside of the chute 340 and diverter 345 but still between the end plate 330 and discharge unit 335. Lastly, the product 180 continues to flow from the peripheral volume 348 and exits discharge openings 450 along flow path F3 that is also parallel to longitudinal axis A. Because of the high viscosity, thixotropic, or non-Newtonian characteristics of the product 180, the product 180 may remain between the end plate 330 and discharge unit between dispenser actuations without the need for separate flow restriction valves.

[0101] As with embodiments described above, discharge unit 335 can be constructed from any suitable rigid or semi-rigid material known in the art, such as metal, wood, rubber, plastic, and the like; from polyethylene terephthalate, high density

polyethylene, low density polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene,

polystyrene, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, polyamide, polycarbonates, or combinations thereof. Although depicted as circular in shape in the drawings, the discharge unit 335 can be formed in any desired shape, e.g. oval, circular, square, rectangular, and the like.

I ILL. Alternative Embodiment with Wipers 422 or Thread Sweepers 424

[0102] In one or more embodiments, dispenser 5 comprises one or more additional features that may help to keep flexible pouch 175 contained within the desired interior volume of inner cylinder 15. Figure 13 shows a partially exploded view of pusher disc 20 with tabs 90, wipers 422, and thread sweepers 424. Figure 14 shows a perspective, partial section view in which end plate 30, outer cylinder 10 and inner cylinder 15 are sectioned while pusher disc 20, tabs 90, wipers 422, and thread sweepers 424 are not sectioned. Wipers 422 are flexible members that are coupled to on one or both sides of pusher disc 20. In the illustrated embodiment, the pusher disc 20 is sandwiched between two disc-shaped wipers 422. Wipers 422 may include an outer diameter that is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the pusher disc 20. In one embodiment, the outer diameter of the wipers 422 may be the same as or slightly larger than the inner diameter of the inner cylinder 15. With such a dimension, the wipers 422 are able to sweep the inner cylinder 15 as pusher disc 20 translates axially during dispensing. This sweeping action tends to keep the flexible pouch 175 from slipping into any space that might exist between the pusher disc 20 and the inner cylinder 15. Thus, the wipers 422 tend to keep the pouch 175 ahead of the pusher disc 20 to effectively dispense the product 180. Wipers 422 may be constructed of a relatively soft, low-friction, yet durable material including, for example, thermoplastic elastomers (TPE), silicone, rubber and the like.

[0103] Figures 13 and 14 also show a series of thread sweepers 424 that may also help to keep flexible pouch 175 contained within the desired interior volume of inner cylinder 15. The thread sweepers 424 are curved, elongated members that are attached about their midpoint region to tabs 90 on pusher disc 20. The thread sweepers 424 are generally sized and shaped to fit within the groove 50 of outer cylinder 10. Thus, the thread sweepers 424 tend to coil around pusher disc 20 as illustrated. Even though the thread sweepers 424 are coupled to the pusher disc 20 via tabs 90, the thread sweepers 424 do not abut or touch the pusher disc 20. In fact, Figure 13 shows that there is a space 326 between thread sweepers 424 and pusher disc 20. Figure 14 shows that this space between the pusher disc 20 and thread sweepers 424 is occupied, at least partly, by the inner cylinder 15. In the illustrated embodiment, there is one thread sweeper 424 coupled to each tab 90. In other embodiments, one or fewer thread sweepers 424 may be used.

[0104] As with previously described embodiments, Figure 13 shows that the pusher disc 20 movies inside of inner cylinder 15 with tabs 90 extending through longitudinal slots 75 to engage helical groove 50 on the inside of outer cylinder 10. In this particular embodiment, the thread sweepers 424 are positioned within the helical groove 50 exterior to the inner cylinder 15. Because the thread sweepers 424 are coupled to pusher disc 20 via tabs 90, the thread sweepers also travel along the helical groove as the dispenser 5 is operated. In some instances, as the flexible pouch 175 is compressed, some portion(s) of the flexible pouch 175 may slide through the longitudinal slot 75 and into the helical groove 50 ahead of the pusher disc. The thread sweepers 424 move within helical groove 50 ahead of the pusher disc tabs 90 and tend to push the flexible pouch 175 out of the helical groove 50 and back into the inner cylinder 15. In one embodiment, the thread sweepers 424 are long enough that the leading end 426 of thread sweepers 424 are above and below the pusher disc 20 and any optional wipers 422. Thus, the sweepers 424 will tend to first push the flexible pouch 175 out of slot 75 and back into the inner cylinder 15 where the pusher disc 20 and/or wipers 422 can continue to compress the flexible pouch 175 to dispense the product 180. Notably, the thread sweepers 424 extend in both directions from tabs 90 so that they may provide their functionality whether the pusher disc 20 is moving up or down within the inner cylinder 15. In general, thread sweepers 424 may extend ahead of the direction of travel for the pusher disc 20. Thread sweepers 424 may be constructed of a low-friction, yet abrasion resistant material such as HDPE, UHMWPE, PP, PA, PET, ABS or potentially fiber reinforced plastics, depending on the application.

III.M. Alternative Embodiment of Dispenser 405 with Quick Retract Feature

[0105] In embodiments described above, dispenser 5, including outer cylinders 10, 310, inner cylinder 15, actuator 25, end plate 30, 230, 330, and discharge unit 35, 335 were reversible and configurable to dispense product in either axial direction. For example, actuator 25 may be attached to the first end 40 of outer cylinder 10 and end plate 30 may be attached second end 45 to dispense product 180 out of the second end 45. Alternatively, actuator 25 may be attached to the second end 45 and end plate 30 may be attached to the first end 40 to dispense product 180 out of the first end 40.

[0106] In an alternative embodiment of dispenser 405 illustrated in Figures 15-22, the components are configured to dispense product 180 in only one direction designated by arrow D in Figure 15. Similar to previously described embodiments, actuator 425, which is rotatably coupled to first end 40 of outer cylinder 10, engages with inner cylinder 415 so that upon rotating the actuator 425, the inner cylinder 415 also rotates and causes the pusher disc 20 to move axially in the direction of arrow D. Ultimately, with enough rotations of actuator 425, pusher disc 20 will travel towards second end 45 to dispense substantially all of product 180 contained in a pouch disposed within the dispenser 405. At that point, a retract actuator 406 can be activated to reset the actuator 405 for further dispensing. In the illustrated

embodiment, depressing the retract actuator 406 allows mechanisms disposed within the actuator 425 and end plate 430 to retract the pusher disc 20 back towards the first end 40.

III.N. Alternative Embodiment of End Plate 430 with Quick Retract Feature

[0107] In the embodiment illustrated in Figures 15-22, the quick retract feature of dispenser 405 is made possible, in part, due to a spring loaded retraction

mechanism located within end plate 430 described in greater detail below and illustrated more specifically in Figures 17-19. End plate 430 includes first connection mechanism 125 for coupling to outer cylinder 10 and second connection mechanism 135 for coupling to discharge unit 35, 335 as described above or for coupling to discharge unit 435 illustrated in Figure 16. As shown, discharge unit 435 includes a discharge body 436 with discharge openings 550, sized and shaped to receive removable discharge valves 650. In one embodiment, the valves 650 are cross-slit valves of the type available from Minivalve International of the Netherlands and Cleveland, Ohio. In the illustrated embodiment, the discharge body 436 includes three discharge openings 550 with respective discharge valves 650, but may include fewer or more discharge openings 550 and valves 650, depending on the product 180 to be dispensed. The discharge body 436 also comprises a coupling

mechanism 170 that allows connection of the discharge unit 435 to the second connection mechanism on end plate 430. The illustrated discharge body 436, with or without the removable valves 650, may also be coupled with end plates 30, 230, 330 described above.

[0108] Figure 16 shows an end plate 430, which includes a spring-loaded hub 432 that is rotatable (relative to other stationary parts of the end plate 430) about longitudinal axis A, as indicated by arrows R. The hub 432 includes one or more bosses 434 that are engaged by corresponding apertures 480 on inner cylinder 415. In the illustrated embodiment, the hub 432 includes four bosses 434 and the inner cylinder 415 has four corresponding apertures 480 shaped and positioned to engage the bosses 434. Alternative embodiments may include fewer or more bosses 434 and corresponding apertures 480.

[0109] Similar to other embodiments, as dispenser 405 is operated to dispense product 180, actuator 425 engages with inner cylinder 415 so that upon rotating the actuator 425, the inner cylinder 415 also rotates and causes the pusher disc 20 to move axially in the direction of arrow D. In this particular embodiment, as inner cylinder 415 rotates, the engagement between apertures 480 and bosses 434 cause the hub 432 to rotate. With this configuration, there is no relative movement between the inner cylinder 415 and hub 432 since they rotate together. This offers an advantage in that a pouch 175 disposed within the inner cylinder 415 and being compressed by pusher disc 20 against hub 432 also rotates in unison with each of the pusher disc 20, the inner cylinder 415 and the hub 432. Friction on the pouch 175 is minimized as there is no relative rotation of the pouch 175 against inner components of the dispenser 405.

[0110] A coil spring 438 (see Figures 17 & 18) contained within the end plate 430 and coupled to the hub 432 winds up as the hub rotates with each dispenser 405 actuation. Each subsequent actuation will move the pusher disc towards the second end 45 and simultaneously increase the torsional energy accumulated by the spring 438. Additional rotations of actuator 425 will eventually dispense substantially all of product 180 contained in a pouch 175 after which the dispenser 405 needs to be reset for further dispensing. To reset the dispenser 405, the retract actuator 406 is activated, which disengages the actuator 425 from inner cylinder 415, thus allowing the coil spring 438 to unwind. As the coil spring 438 unwinds, the hub 432 and inner cylinder 415 rotate in a reverse direction, thereby retracting the pusher disc 20 back towards the first end 40.

[0111] Figures 17 and 18 show different views of the internal components of end plate 430 according to one embodiment. Figure 17 shows the end plate in an exploded assembly view while Figure 18 shows the end plate 430 in an isometric section view. In this embodiment, the end plate 430 includes an end plate body 440 as the primary frame for securing together the various components. Other components shown in the exemplary end plate 430 include a hub 432, low-friction disc 442, coil spring 438, retainer plate 444, and retaining hardware 446. The end plate body 440 includes a shape similar to other embodiments of end plate 30, 230, 330 described above. That is, end plate body 440 includes a top face 530, above which is a first connection mechanism 125 to allow the end plate to releasably attach to second end 45 of outer cylinder 10. In addition, end plate body 440 comprises a lower lip 145 with a second connection mechanism 135 for connection to the discharge unit.

[0112] The aforementioned hub 432 includes a flange 452 from which bosses 434 protrude in a first direction and from which a central axle 454 descends in an opposite direction. The top face 530 of end plate body 440 includes a recessed lower top face 458, within which the low friction disc 442 and hub flange 452 are disposed for rotational movement therein. The lower top face 458 is generally circular and disposed in a radially inner portion of the top face 530 and is defined by a circular step 455 having a diameter that is slightly larger than the diameter of the hub flange 452. The low-friction disc 442 is disposed between the flange 452 of the rotatable hub 432 and the lower top face 458 to minimize friction and drag when the hub rotates. The disc can be thin and manufactured from a low-friction material such as acetal, nylon, PTFE or high and ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene materials.

[0113] While the hub 432 and low friction disc 442 are disposed on the top face side of the end plate body 440, the coil spring 438 and retainer plate 444 are installed from an opposite side towards a bottom face 540 of the end plate body 440. The coil spring 438 is contained within a volume in the end plate body 440 defined by a recess 456 located between bottom face 540 and lower lip 145. In use, the coil spring 438 can expand and contract in diameter as it is wound and released. The recess 456 allows the coil spring 438 to expand and contract as needed. The retainer plate 444 confines the coil spring 438 to the end plate body recess 456 and is secured to the lower lip 145 by any suitable means, including for example adhesives, mechanical mating features, or press fit, for example. Alternatively, the retainer plate 444 can be secured directly to the hub 432 so that it rotates with the hub in normal use. In the illustrated embodiment, each of the end plate body 440, low-friction disc 442, coil spring 438, and retainer plate 444 includes a central aperture (463, 464, 465, 466, respectively) sized to allow the hub axle 454 to pass and to rotate with limited or minimal friction. [0114] In the illustrated embodiment, the ends of the coil spring 438 are secured by retaining hardware 446. At an inner diameter 465 of the coil spring 438, an inner attachment 468 is secured to the hub 432. The inner attachment 468 fits within a spring recess 460 in the hub 432 as shown in Figure 19. At the opposite end of the coil spring 438, an outer attachment 470 is secured to the end plate body 440. In the illustrated embodiment, the inner 468 and outer 470 attachments are secured in place using pins that are inserted into retainer holes 462 located in each of the hub 432 and end plate body 440. Other types of hardware or attachment techniques may be used, including for example, rivets, threaded hardware, dowels, and the like. Alternatively, the ends of the coil spring 438 may be bonded or secured in place with adhesives, soldering, stamping, or mating mechanical features. When secured in the manner indicated, the inner attachment 468 rotates as the hub 432 rotates while the outer attachment 470 attached to the end plate body 440 remains relatively stationary. Thus, the coil 438 winds up as the hub 432 rotates with each dispenser 405 actuation. Each subsequent actuation will increase the torsional energy accumulated by the spring 438. Additional rotations of actuator 425 will eventually dispense substantially all (or some desired amount) of product 180 contained in a pouch 175 after which the dispenser 405 may be reset for further dispensing. To reset the dispenser 405, the retract actuator 406 is activated, which disengages the actuator 425 from inner cylinder 415, thus allowing the coil spring 438 to unwind. As the coil spring 438 unwinds, the hub 432 and inner cylinder 415 rotate in a reverse direction, thereby retracting the pusher disc 20 back towards the first end 40.

[0115] End plate 430 and components therein can be constructed from any suitable rigid or semi-rigid material known in the art, such as metal, wood, rubber, plastic, and the like. Some examples may include aluminum, steel, brass, bronze, tin, polyethylene terephthalate, high density polyethylene, low density polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene, polystyrene, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, polyamide, polycarbonates, or combinations thereof.

III.O. Alternative Embodiment of Actuator 425 with Quick Retract Actuator 406 [0116] In the embodiment illustrated in Figures 15-22, the actuator 425 includes a retract actuator 406 that disengages the actuator 425 from inner cylinder 415, which allows the aforementioned coil spring 438 to unwind. Actuator 425 is mounted to first end 40 of the outer cylinder 10 and comprises top face 495, bottom face 500, and lip 505. In some embodiments, top face 495 comprises one or more

demarcations 96 or indicators that specify how far the actuator should be rotated for each product packaged within the dispenser. For example, the demarcations 96 could indicate ½ turn for a single dose of product. Other types of indicators might include, for example, protrusions, grooves, painted lines, dots, arrows, numbers or letters. Reference indicators might also be included on the outer cylinder (not shown). Bottom face 500 includes lip 505 that comprises a coupling mechanism 472, such as screw threads or snap fit that coordinate with a coupling mechanism on the exterior of outer cylinder 10. As a result, the actuator is able to attach to the first end 40 of the outer cylinder 10. Preferably, the actuator 425 is rotatably attached to the outer cylinder 10.

[0117] Bottom face 500 of actuator 425 comprises ledge 515 shaped to correspond with apertures 80 of the inner cylinder 415. Thus, when the actuator 425 is attached to the outer cylinder 10, ledge 515 fits into apertures 80 of the inner cylinder 415. Each time the actuator 425 is turned, the inner cylinder 415 rotates and the pusher disc 20 is advanced along helical groove 50. In contrast with actuator ledge 1 15 of actuator 25, this embodiment of ledge 515 is releasably attached to actuator 425. Ledge 515 normally sits within a space defined by two ribs 474. In this position shown in Figure 20a, rotational forces applied by a user to the actuator 425 are imparted by ribs 474 to the ledge 515 and consequently from the ledge 515 to the apertures 80 in inner cylinder 415. Thus, a user is able to rotate the inner cylinder 415 in a direction indicated by the arrow labeled T1 to dispense product 180 from the dispenser 405. However, since the ledge 515 is detachable from the actuator 425, it can be moved to a disengaged position shown in Figure 20b, where the ledge 515 no longer resides within a space defined by the two ribs 474. In this position, rotational forces applied by the coil spring 438 to the hub 432 and inner cylinder 415 are able to rotate the inner cylinder 415 in an opposite direction indicated by the arrow labeled T2 to reset the dispenser 405.

[0118] Ledge 515 and ribs 474 can take any of a wide variety of shapes, so long as they coordinate to transfer rotational forces from the actuator 425 to apertures 80. One may appreciate that the illustrated engagement features are but one

mechanism for transmitting rotational force from the actuator 425 to the inner cylinder 415. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that many different releasable engagement features, include male-female couplings, gear teeth, levers, switches, and the like might be implemented as space constraints permit. In one embodiment, the inner cylinder 415 includes a protrusion or other male engagement feature while the actuator 425 might include a corresponding female engagement feature such as a hole, slot, or aperture.

[0119] One embodiment for releasably engaging the ledge 515 with the actuator 424 is shown in the cross section view of Figure 22. In the illustrated embodiment, the retract actuator 406 is implemented as an elongated button that is accessible from top face 495 and connected to the ledge 515 near the bottom face 500. In this embodiment, the ledge 515 is coupled to the retract actuator 406 with a pin 482, though other attachment means, for instance, clips, threaded hardware, or adhesives might also be used to attach the ledge 515 to the retract actuator 406. A biasing member 476 sits within an opening 475 in the top face 495, between an enlarged head 478 of the retract actuator 406 and the bottom of the opening 475. The biasing member 476 urges the coupled retract actuator 406 and ledge 515 toward the top face 495 (upward in Figure 22) and pulls the ledge 515 into the space defined by the two ribs 474. The ledge 515 may be moved out of the space defined by the two ribs 474 by depressing the retract actuator 406 against the force of the biasing member 476 (downward in Figure 22), thus allowing the ledge 515 to detach from the actuator 425. In certain embodiments, the retract actuator 406 may normally sit flush, or slightly protruding, or slightly recessed from top face 495. In any case, slight contact with the retract actuator 406, such as with fingers or resting the dispenser 405 on the top face 495 of the actuator 425, will not disengage the ledge 515 from the actuator 425, thus inadvertently resetting the pusher disc 20. For convenience, and to prevent inadvertent resets, a more significant, intentional deflection of the retract actuator 406 may be required to disengage the actuator 425 from the inner cylinder 415.

[0120] As discussed above, the actuator 25 and outer cylinder 10 may include feedback features 14, 16 respectively (depicted in Figures 5d and 1 a or 8d) that cooperate to provide audible and/or tactile feedback to the user as the actuator is rotated and when an appropriate angular displacement is reached through contra- rotation of inner and outer cylinders 10, 15. For example, the actuator 25 can employ a series of recesses or slots along its inside perimeter that act on detents, slots, protrusions, tabs, or bosses in the outer cylinder 10. Alternatively, the feedback features 14, 16 may be incorporated into the inner and outer cylinders 10, 15. In an alternative embodiment illustrated in Figures 20a-22, the actuator 425 includes feedback features 514 that tend to provide variable feedback to a user who is rotating the actuator 425 to dispense product 180. As the illustrated actuator 425 rotates about the outer cylinder 10, a leading ramped feature 484 first engages feedback feature 16 on the outer cylinder 10. Further rotation provides the user increasing resistance in turning the actuator 425, but additional rotation still causes the ramped feature 484 to move past the feedback feature 16. At this point, the feedback feature 16 from the outer cylinder resides in a gap between the ramped feature 514 and a stop feature 485. Further forward rotation causes the user to feel resistance caused by the stop feature 485 contacting the feedback feature 16 and reverse rotation causes the user to feel resistance caused by the ramped feature 484 contacting the feedback feature 16. In one embodiment, the ramped feature 484 is tapered to only permit forward rotation and not reverse rotation past the feedback feature 16. In one embodiment, the stop feature 485 is rounded to permit forward or reverse rotation past the feedback feature 16.

[0121] Actuator 425 and its components can be constructed from any of a wide variety of materials known and used in the art, including (but not limited to) plastic, wood, metal, rubber, and the like. Similarly, actuator 25 can be constructed using any method known in the art, including (but not limited to) rotational molding, roll forming, stamping, injection molding, casting, insert molding, machining, additive or subtractive manufacturing techniques, and the like. Moreover, the retract actuator 406, though illustrated as a spring-loaded push button, may be implemented in a variety of ways such as a cantilevered ratcheting mechanism like a ratchet and pawl. Further, the act of resetting the dispenser 405 may contemplate a retract actuator that is temporarily pulled outward instead of pushed inward. In addition, the exemplary dispenser 405 implements the retraction spring 438 and detachable retraction mechanism at opposite ends of the dispenser 405. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that other alternative implementations are possible. In one

embodiment, the locations of the retraction spring 438 and detachable retraction mechanism can be switched to the opposite ends or both located at the same side of the dispenser 405. In another embodiment, multiple springs may be used for similar or different purposes, such as to aid in dispensing the product, to retract the pusher disc, to burst the pouch, and the like. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that alternative physical embodiments may be designed enabling the same or similar functionality.

III. P. Alternative Embodiment of Dispenser 605 with Quick Retract Feature

[0122] Similar to dispenser 405, Figures 23-27B illustrate a dispenser 605 that includes a quick retract mechanism. In the embodiment shown, dispenser 605 is configured to dispense product 180 in one direction designated by arrow D in Figure 23. Similar to previously described embodiments, actuator 625, which is rotatably coupled to first end 40 of outer cylinder 10, engages with inner cylinder 615 so that upon rotating the actuator 625, the inner cylinder 615 also rotates and causes the pusher disc 20 to move axially in the direction of arrow D. Ultimately, with enough rotations of actuator 625, pusher disc 20 will travel towards second end 45 to dispense substantially all of product 180 contained in a pouch disposed within the dispenser 605. At that point, a retract actuator 406 can be activated to reset the actuator 605 for further dispensing. In the illustrated embodiment, depressing the retract actuator 406 allows mechanisms disposed within the actuator 625 to retract the pusher disc 20 back towards the first end 40.

[0123] Dispenser 605 includes an outer cylinder 10 with attachment mechanisms 60 at the first end 40 for attaching the actuator 625 and at the second end 45 for attaching end plate 230 and discharge unit 435. The fixed portion 240 of end plate 230 includes a first connection mechanism 125 for releasable attachment to outer cylinder 10 as described above. Inner cylinder 615 is slightly different in that it is not axially symmetrical. In this embodiment, the inner cylinder 615 has apertures 80 at the first end 65 of inner cylinder 615, but not at the second end 70. Moreover, the longitudinal slot 75 extends generally from the first end 65 to the second end 70, but is shifted or extends closer towards the second end 70 than it does to the first end 65. That is, the end of the slot 75 closest to the actuator 625 is farther away from first end 65 than the opposite end of the slot is to second end 70. This asymmetry prevents the pusher disc 20 from retracting all the way to the first end 65 to provide additional clearance for the actuator 625, which is slightly larger in this embodiment. A pin inserted into retainer hole 462 in outer cylinder 10 provides an additional stop preventing the pusher disc 20 from retracting all the way to the first end 65. As the pusher disc 20 retracts, the pin (also shown in Figure 25) limits the travel of tabs 90 on pusher disc 20 within the helical groove 50 in inner cylinder 10. This same pin provides additional functionality by holding stationary one end of a coil spring 438 as described below.

[0124] Figure 23 and 24 show an optional pouch support 626 that may simplify the process of removing and attaching end plate 230 (or 30, 330, 430) when a used pouch 175 is removed and a new pouch 175 is inserted into the dispenser 605 (or 5, 405). After a dispenser 605 is used to dispense product 180 from pouch 175, residual amounts of the product 180 may still exist within the interior of the end plate 230 and discharge unit 435 (or 35, 335). In some instances, these components can be washed each time a pouch 175 is replaced, but at certain times, this may not be feasible. Consequently, the residual product 180 that remains in the end plate and discharge unit makes it difficult to see whether a neck or spout 176 of the pouch 175 is positioned correctly through aperture 320 (or 120, 420) in end plate 230. Because the spout 176 is flexible, it may get bent or pinched when the end plate 230 is attached to the outer cylinder 10 after a new pouch is inserted. If the spout 176 is pinched, the product 180 may not flow properly out of the pouch 175 and dispenser 605.

[0125] To alleviate this problem, pouch support 626 surrounds the spout 176 to position, stabilize, and prevent pinching of the spout 176 as end plate 230 is attached. Upon installing pouch 175 into dispenser 605, the pouch support 626 is positioned around the spout 176 so that a flange 628 abuts the pouch 175. The spout 176 itself passes through a central opening 632 in the pouch support 626 that extends through the length of the pouch support 626 from the flange 628 at one end and through a collar 634 at the opposite end. The central opening 632 is sized and shaped to allow the spout 176 to pass therethrough. In one or more embodiments, the spout 176 extends completely through the pouch support 626 and terminates outside of the collar 634 as shown in Figure 24. In other embodiments, the spout 176 extends into and terminates within collar 634.

[0126] The collar 634 is sized and shaped to fit within aperture 120 in end plate 230. Further, the flange 628 is sized and shaped to fit within inner cylinder 615. The pouch support 626 can be placed onto the pouch 175 with the spout 176 extending into the central opening 632. Then, upon placing the pouch 175 within inner cylinder 615, the pouch support 626 becomes constrained in a lateral direction when the flange 628 is positioned inside inner cylinder 615. The pouch support 626 thus aligns the spout 176 with aperture 120. With the pouch 175 and pouch support 626 inserted into inner cylinder 615, the end plate 230 can be attached to outer cylinder 10 since collar 634 and spout 176 are aligned and oriented to pass through aperture 120. Thus, the risks of spout 176 being misaligned or pinched are eliminated or minimized. Then, as the actuator 625 is used to dispense product 180, the pusher disc 20 will tend to compress pouch 175, which then pushes the flange 628 up against end plate 230. Since the spout 176 extends substantially through most or all of the pouch support 626, little or no product 180 actually contacts the pouch support 626. Thus, the pouch support 626 remains quite clean, which further simplifies the pouch 175 replacement process.

[0127] In the illustrated embodiment, the central opening 632, collar 634, and aperture 120 have a substantially circular cross section. In other embodiments, the central opening 632, collar 634, and aperture 120 may have a substantially non- circular cross section (e.g., oval, elliptical, rectilinear, polygonal, etc.). Furthermore, other embodiments may include pouches 175 with spouts 176 that are not axially positioned. Instead, the spout 176 or multiple spouts 176 may be disposed radially outward from a central axis of the dispenser 605. Naturally, a pouch support 626 may have the same number and location of corresponding central openings 632 and collars 634. End plate 230 may also have a corresponding number, location, and shape of apertures 120. III.Q. Alternative Embodiment of Actuator 625 with Quick Retract Mechanism

[0128] In embodiments of dispenser 405 shown in Figures 15-22, components of the retract mechanism were split between the actuator 425 and end plate 430. This configuration offers an advantage in that space required to house these quick retract components can be split among actuator 425 and end plate 430 attached at opposite ends of the dispenser 405. In embodiments of dispenser 605 shown in Figures 23- 27B, the quick retract mechanism is contained substantially within actuator 625. This configuration offers advantages in that the quick retract components are less likely to be exposed to contamination by product 180.

[0129] Actuator 625 includes a retract actuator 406 that disengages the actuator 625 from inner cylinder 615, which allows the aforementioned coil spring 438 to unwind. Actuator 625 is mounted to first end 40 of the outer cylinder 10 and comprises an actuator body 636 with a top face 695, bottom face 700, and lip 705. In some embodiments, top face 695 comprises one or more demarcations 96 or indicators that specify how far the actuator should be rotated for each product packaged within the dispenser 605. For example, the demarcations 96 could indicate ½ turn for a single dose of product. Other types of indicators might include, for example, protrusions, grooves, painted lines, dots, arrows, numbers or letters. Reference indicators might also be included on the outer cylinder (not shown). Bottom face 700 includes lip 705 that comprises a coupling mechanism 472, such as screw threads or snap fit that coordinate with an attachment mechanism 60 on the exterior of outer cylinder 10. As a result, the actuator 625 is able to attach to the first end 40 of the outer cylinder 10. Preferably, the actuator 625 is rotatably attached to the outer cylinder 10.

[0130] Bottom face 700 of actuator body 636 comprises a protrusion 702 extending therefrom. The protrusion 702 includes a slot 704 sized and shaped to accept a ledge 515. The ledge 515 is shaped to correspond with apertures 80 of the inner cylinder 615. Thus, when the actuator 625 is attached to the outer cylinder 10, ledge 515 fits into apertures 80 of the inner cylinder 615. Each time the actuator 425 is turned, the inner cylinder 615 rotates and the pusher disc 20 is advanced along helical groove 50. As with the actuator 425 shown in Figures 15-22, this embodiment of ledge 515 is releasably attached to actuator body 636. When the actuator 625 is assembled to outer cylinder 10, the ledge 515 normally sits within a space defined by slot 704. In this position shown in Figure 27a, rotational forces applied by a user to the actuator body 636 are imparted by protrusion 702 to the ledge 515 and consequently from the ledge 515 to the apertures 80 in inner cylinder 615. Thus, a user is able to rotate the inner cylinder 615 to dispense product 180 from the dispenser 605. At the same time, ledge 515 also sits within a channel 676 of spring seat 655 defined by raised ribs 674. Spring seat 655 is attached to one end of coil spring 438 so that as the actuator 625 rotates to dispense product 180, rotational forces applied by a user to the actuator body 636 also rotate the spring seat 655 and cause the coil 438 to wind up. Each subsequent actuation will increase the torsional energy accumulated by the spring 438. In summary, each time a user dispenses product with the dispenser 605, the actuator body 636 turns the ledge 515, which turns the spring seat 655, which then winds up the coil spring 438.

[0131] Similar to embodiments described above, a retract actuator 406 is accessible at the top of the actuator body 636. The retract actuator 406 can be operated to detach the ledge 515 from the actuator body 636, thus allowing the coil spring 438 to unwind and in the process, turn the spring seat 655, ledge 515, and inner cylinder 615 in a reverse direction to retract pusher disc 20 back to the first end 40 of the outer cylinder. In this embodiment, the ledge 515 is coupled to the retract actuator 406 with a pin 482, though other attachment means, for instance, clips, threaded hardware, or adhesives might also be used to attach the ledge 515 to the retract actuator 406.

[0132] Figures 25&26 show the spring seat 655 isolated from other parts of the actuator 625. The spring seat 655 is spring-loaded and rotatable relative to the actuator body 636. The spring seat 655 is generally disc-shaped and includes a flange 638 with the aforementioned ribs 674 extending therefrom on one side. An axle 642 extends from the flange 638 on the opposite side of ribs 674. When assembled, the axle 642 fits within the central aperture 465 of the coil spring 438 and the coil spring 438 sits between the actuator body 636 and the spring seat 655. The spring seat 655 also includes a central aperture 644 sized and shaped to allow the protrusion 702 from the actuator body 636 to pass through and which allows the spring seat 655 to rotate relative to the actuator body 636. In the embodiment shown, the axle 642 is cylindrically shaped and includes a recess 660 within which an inner attachment 468 at the inner diameter 465 of the coil spring 438 is secured. In one embodiment, the inner attachment 468 of the coil spring 438 is secured to the spring seat using retaining hardware 446. In one embodiment, inner attachment 468 of the coil spring 438 is secured to the recess 660 of the spring seat 655 using a pin inserted into retainer hole 462. The outer attachment 470 of the coil spring 438 is held in place by retaining hardware 446 that is inserted into the outer cylinder as shown in Figure 23. In the illustrated embodiment, the inner 468 and outer 470 attachments of the coil spring 438 are secured in place using pins that are inserted into retainer holes 462 located in each of the outer cylinder 10 and spring seat 655. Other types of hardware or attachment techniques may be used, including for example, rivets, threaded hardware, dowels, and the like. Alternatively, the ends of the coil spring 438 may be bonded or secured in place with adhesives, soldering, stamping, or mating mechanical features.

[0133] Assembled cross section views of the actuator 625 in the dispensing state and retract state are illustrated in Figures 27A and 27B, respectively. In the illustrated embodiment, the retract actuator 406 is implemented as an elongated button that is accessible from top face 695 and connected to the ledge 515 near the spring seat 655. In this embodiment, the ledge 515 is coupled to the retract actuator 406 with a pin 482, though other attachment means, for instance, clips, threaded hardware, or adhesives might also be used to attach the ledge 515 to the retract actuator 406.

[0134] A biasing member 476 sits within an opening 475 in the top face 695, between an enlarged head 478 of the retract actuator 406 and the bottom of the opening 475. In the dispensing state, the biasing member 476 urges the coupled retract actuator 406 and ledge 515 toward the top face 695 (upward in Figure 27A) and pulls the ledge 515 into the slot 704 in protrusion 702. In the retract state, the ledge 515 is moved out of the slot 704 in protrusion 702 by depressing the retract actuator 406 against the force of the biasing member 476 (downward in Figure 27B) thus allowing the ledge 515 to detach from the actuator body 636. In the illustrated embodiment, the ribs 674 on the spring seat 655 extend outward a little farther than does the protrusion 702 on the actuator body 636. Thus, when the ledge 515 is pushed by retract actuator 406 to disengage from the slot 704 in protrusion 702, the ledge 515 remains in contact with the ribs 674. Since the spring seat 655 and coil spring 438 have been wound up as the product 180 is dispensed, the torsional energy accumulated by the spring 438 will cause the spring 438 and spring seat 655 to unwind. The ribs 674 will turn the ledge 515, which are engaged with apertures 80 on inner cylinder 615 in a reverse direction to retract the pusher disc 20 towards the first end 40 of the outer cylinder 10.

[0135] In certain embodiments, the retract actuator 406 may normally sit flush, or slightly protruding, or slightly recessed from top face 695. In any case, slight contact with the retract actuator 406, such as with fingers or resting the dispenser 605 on the top face 695 of the actuator 625, will not disengage the ledge 515 from the actuator body 636, thus inadvertently resetting the pusher disc 20. For convenience, and to prevent inadvertent resets, a more significant, intentional deflection of the retract actuator 406 may be required to disengage the actuator body 636 from the inner cylinder 615.

[0136] Actuator 625 and components therein can be constructed from any suitable rigid or semi-rigid material known in the art, such as metal, wood, rubber, plastic, and the like. Some examples may include aluminum, steel, brass, bronze, tin, polyethylene terephthalate, high density polyethylene, low density polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene, polystyrene, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, polyamide, polycarbonates, or combinations thereof.

IV. Methods of Making the Disclosed System

[0137] Embodiments of the disclosed dispenser can be easily constructed by the end user with little to no training. Particularly, as a first step, pusher disc 20 can be inserted into the interior of inner cylinder 15 such that pusher disc tabs 90 align with inner cylinder slots 75, as shown in Figure 8a. As shown in Figure 8b, the inner cylinder is then inserted into the interior of outer cylinder 10. Tabs 90 from the pusher disc extend through inner cylinder slots 75 and align with helical groove 50 of the outer cylinder.

[0138] End plate 30 can then be coupled to second end 45 of outer cylinder 10 using the connection mechanism on top face 130 of the end plate, as shown in the embodiment in Figure 8c. Figure 8c further illustrates attachment of discharge unit 35 on bottom face 140 of end plate 30 via a coupling mechanism.

[0139] As shown in the embodiment of Figure 8d, actuator 25 can then be positioned onto first end 40 of the outer cylinder (i.e. , adjacent to pusher disc 20). For example, in some embodiments, interior threads on the lip of the actuator cooperate with external threads about the circumference of the outer cylinder to allow the actuator to be releasably attached to the outer cylinder. In addition, ledge 1 15 on bottom face 100 of the actuator aligns with apertures 80 of the inner cylinder to effect rotation of the inner cylinder (and thus progression of the pusher disc from the first end to the second end of the outer cylinder). It should be appreciated that actuator 25 can be customized for the particular product to be dispensed. For example, the actuator can utilize detents or a ratcheting system to indicate or limit the rotary displacement of the inner and outer cylinders, thereby providing a mechanism for portion control. In some embodiments, the actuator can comprise an escapement or similar mechanism to provide a discrete and consistent rotary displacement through cycling of a push button. In some embodiments, the actuator can include a motor with associated control methods, such as a spring-biased drive.

[0140] It should be recognized that the assembly steps set forth herein can be performed in any order. It should also be recognized that a pouch filled with the product to be dispensed can be inserted into the dispenser interior either before the end plate and discharge unit are attached or before the actuator 25 is attached. It should further be appreciated that the pusher plate and inner cylinder can in some embodiments be permanently positioned in the outer container, so that no assembly is required. Moreover, various alternative embodiments of various components are described and illustrated, but the general methods for assembling the dispenser are largely unchanged.

V. Methods of Using the Disclosed System

[0141] After assembly of embodiments of the dispenser 5, product 180 can be dispensed from valve 150 of discharge unit 35 onto a surface (such as a hamburger bun). To dispense product 180 disposed within pouch 175, a user can initiate actuator 25 by rotating the actuator forward, guided in some embodiments by demarcations 96 on the top face of the actuator or through audible or tactile feedback. As the user rotates the actuator, inner cylinder 15 is also rotated, as effected by ledge 1 15 being coupled with apertures 80 on the inner cylinder. As the inner cylinder rotates, tabs 90 on the pusher disc advance along helical groove 50 of the outer cylinder from first end 40 toward second end 45, thereby increasing pressure on the pouch positioned within the inner dispenser interior. Particularly, the advancement of the pusher disc reduces the volume of pouch 175, thereby collapsing the pouch and increasing the internal pressure of the pouch. As a result, the pouch ruptures, allowing product 180 to flow through aperture 120 in the end plate and out through valve 150 of discharge unit 35.

[0142] Pusher disc 20 will continue to move towards the second end 45 of outer cylinder 10 with each activation of actuator 25, thereby dispensing product 180. When pusher disc 20 has reached an abutting position with end plate 30, the mating relationship ensures that a maximum amount of product housed within pouch 175 has been dispensed. The removable actuator, endplate, and discharge unit can then be interchangeably disposed on opposite ends of the coaxial cylinders. Specifically, the actuator can be removed from first end 40 of the outer cylinder and coupled to second end 45. A new filled pouch can be inserted into the interior of inner cylinder 15 and the end plate and discharge unit attached to the second end of the outer cylinder. The dispenser can then be inverted (since the pusher disc will adjacent to the actuator) and dispensing can begin again in the opposite direction. In alternative embodiments of actuator 405, 605, activations of actuator 425, 625 dispense product 180 until pusher disc 20 has reached an abutting position with end plate or until a desired amount of product 180 is dispensed. The retract actuator 406 is activated to cause the pusher disc 20 to retract to the first end 40, then the removable endplate is detached from the outer cylinder 10. The used pouch 175 may be removed and replaced with a new pouch 175 filled with product 180. The endplate is reassembled to the outer cylinder 10 to permit continued use.

[0143] In embodiments where alternative end plate 230 is used, a particularly advantageous process may be used to cause pouch 175 to burst or rupture at the time a new, filled pouch 175 is first inserted into the interior of inner cylinder 15. As described above, after a new pouch is placed into the dispenser 5, a user can rotate the actuator 25 to rotate inner cylinder 15 thereby advancing the pusher disc 20 to reduce the volume within inner cylinder 15 that can be occupied by pouch 175.

Ultimately, with enough rotational torque applied to actuator 25, the pouch ruptures, allowing product 180 to flow through aperture 120 in the end plate and out through valve 150 of discharge unit 35.

[0144] A problem may arise with generating the necessary torque on actuator 25 to cause the pouch 175 to rupture. Persons with disabilities or persons with limited strength may struggle to cause the pouch 175 to rupture. Accordingly, end plate 230 may be implemented as an alternative means for generating internal pressure within the dispenser 5 that is sufficient to cause the pouch 175 to rupture.

[0145] Figures 10a-10d depict a sequence of diagrams illustrating an alternative approach to cause a new, filled pouch 175 within the interior of a dispenser 5 to burst using alternative end plate 230. Figures 10a-10d show a partial cross section view of dispenser 5, specifically at a second end 45 of outer cylinder 10 with end plate 230 attached thereto and with discharge unit 35 omitted for clarity. As discussed above, end plate 230 includes a floating portion 250 that is axially moveable with respect to the fixed portion 240. Figure 10a represents that time when a new, filled pouch 175 is placed within dispenser 5, and before actuator 25 has been rotated to build up pressure within the pouch 175. At this time, the pouch 175 may not fill the internal volume of inner cylinder 15 and, accordingly, floating portion 250 of end plate 230 may be fully retracted (upward in Figures 10a-10d).

[0146] Figure 10b represents that time after a new, filled pouch 175 is placed within dispenser 5 and after actuator 25 has been rotated to initially build up pressure within the pouch 175. At this time, the pouch 175 may begin to fill the internal volume of inner cylinder 15 and come into contact with floating portion 250 of end plate 230. As a result, floating portion may begin to extend out of the dispenser (downward in Figure 10b compared to Figure 10a).

[0147] Figure 10c represents that time after a new, filled pouch 175 is placed within dispenser 5 and after actuator 25 has been rotated with as much torque as a user might apply to build up pressure within the pouch 175. At this time, the pouch 175 may substantially fill the internal volume of inner cylinder 15 and push the floating portion 250 of end plate 230 to a fully extended position out of the dispenser (downward in Figure 10c compared to Figures 10a, 10b). At this point, a user might not be able to apply additional rotational torque to actuator 25 to cause the pouch 175 to burst. In which case, the user can apply an axial force in the direction of arrow B in Figure 10d to push floating portion 250 against the pressurized bag 175 with sufficient force to cause the pouch to burst and for the product 180 to flow outward in the direction of arrow C.

[0148] A number of different approaches may be used to push floating portion 250 with sufficient force to cause the pouch 175 to burst. For example, a user might push the floating portion 250 in with their hands, or might place the floating portion 250 against a surface (e.g., a solid table, or wall) and push the dispenser 5 against the surface with their arms or using their body weight. Alternatively, the user might use a separate tool, such as a press (e.g., mechanical, hydraulic) to push floating portion 250 with sufficient force to cause the pouch 175 to burst. [0149] In one embodiment, the floating portion 250 is able to move about 6mm to 7mm between the limits of axial movement. This amount of movement may be sufficient to burst a pouch 175 with many different types of products. In general, the amount of displacement required to build sufficient internal pressure required to burst the pouch is inversely proportional to the density of the product 180 contained therein. For instance, with a highly whipped or foamy product, more displacement may be required to generate the necessary force to burst a pouch containing such product. On the contrary, a pouch containing a highly dense product might require only a small amount of axial displacement to burst the pouch. Consequently, end plates 230 with different axial displacements may be created to accommodate different products. Alternatively, end plates 230 may be designed for use with the least dense product anticipated to be used. Then, this end plate 230 with a relatively large axial displacement can be used with these least-dense products and also with more-dense products that might require smaller axial displacements to burst a pouch.

VI. Advantages of the Presently Disclosed Subject Matter

[0150] In some embodiments, the presently disclosed subject matter lowers costs associated with materials and assembly with sufficient ruggedness to survive filling, closing, packing and shipping.

[0151] The dispenser further allows the dispensing of multiple doses of product in each dispensing application.

[0152] In addition, the disclosed system is easy to reload and requires no/minimal cleaning between reloads.

[0153] While the foregoing written description of the invention enables one of ordinary skill to make and use what is considered presently to be the best mode thereof, those of ordinary skill will understand and appreciate the existence of variations, combinations, and equivalents of the specific embodiment, method, and examples herein. The invention should therefore not be limited by the above described embodiment, method, and examples, but by all embodiments and methods within the scope and spirit of the invention as claimed.