ALLOCATION FOR RADAR SENSING

BACKGROUND

[0001] Evolving wireless communication systems utilize increasingly complex architectures as a way to provide more performance relative to preceding wireless communication systems. As one example, Fifth Generation New Radio (5G NR) wireless technologies transmit data using higher frequency ranges, such as the above-6 gigahertz (GHz) band or the terahertz (THz) band, to increase data capacity. However, transmitting and recovering information using these higher frequency ranges poses challenges. To illustrate, higher-frequency signals are more susceptible to multipath fading, scattering, atmospheric absorption, diffraction, and interference, relative to lower frequency signals.

SUMMARY

[0002] This document describes techniques and apparatuses that implement dynamic application-based resource allocation for radar sensing. A user equipment capable of radar sensing (e.g., radar operation) has a radar performance metric that changes over time as different combinations of radar-based applications are active. To enable dynamic application-based resource allocation for radar sensing, the user equipment communicates its current radar performance metric to a base station through a radar transmission request. Upon receiving the radar transmission request, the base station allocates air interface resources to the user equipment for radar sensing and grants the user equipment permission to perform radar sensing in accordance with a determined radar operational configuration. In this way, the base station can manage available resources, enable efficient utilization of radio-frequency spectrum resources for concurrent radar sensing and wireless communication, and control interference levels across multiple user equipment.

[0003] In aspects, a user equipment launches and executes a first application that utilizes radar sensing. The user equipment also transmits, to a base station, a first radar transmission request that includes a first radar performance metric that supports operation of the first application.

[0004] In aspects, a base station receives, from a user equipment, a first radar transmission request that includes a first radar performance metric that supports operation of a first application running on the user equipment. The base station also transmits, to the user equipment, a first radar grant message granting the user equipment permission to perform radar sensing in accordance with a first radar operational configuration for the user equipment based on the first radar performance metric. [0005] Aspects described below include a computer-readable storage media comprising instructions that, responsive to execution by a processor, cause an apparatus comprising the processor to perform any of the described methods.

[0006] Aspects described below also include a system with means for implementing dynamic application-based resource allocation for radar sensing.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0007] Apparatuses for and techniques implementing dynamic application-based resource allocation for radar sensing are described with reference to the following drawings. The same numbers are used throughout the drawings to reference like features and components:

FIG. 1 illustrates an example environment in which various aspects of dynamic application-based resource allocation for radar sensing can be implemented;

FIG. 2 illustrates example environments in which users activate different radar-based applications;

FIG. 3 illustrates an example sequence flow diagram in which various aspects of dynamic application-based resource allocation for radar sensing can be implemented;

FIG. 4 illustrates example signals for supporting dynamic application-based resource allocation for radar sensing;

FIG. 5 illustrates an example device diagram of devices that can implement various aspects of dynamic application-based resource allocation for radar sensing;

FIG. 6 illustrates an example block diagram of a wireless network stack model in which various aspects of dynamic application-based resource allocation for radar sensing can be implemented;

FIG. 7 illustrates an example transaction diagram between various network entities that implement aspects of dynamic application-based resource allocation for radar sensing;

FIG. 8 illustrates another example transaction diagram between various network entities that implement aspects of dynamic application-based resource allocation for radar sensing;

FIG. 9 illustrates an example method performed by a user equipment to support dynamic application-based resource allocation for radar sensing; and

FIG. 10 illustrates an example method performed by a base station to support to support dynamic application-based resource allocation for radar sensing. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Overview

[0008] Channel estimation techniques can improve wireless communication performance in the presence of challenging environmental conditions described in the Background section. For example, abase station and user equipment can use channel estimation to determine beamforming configurations that increase signal-to-noise ratios. Channel estimation techniques, however, provide information about the operation environment in an indirect, composite manner. Consequently, direct (e.g., explicit) information about the operating environment (e.g., information about objects within the environment) are still unknown.

[0009] Technological advances are making it possible to integrate radar sensors within user equipment. Using the radar sensor, the user equipment can overcome the shortcomings associated with channel estimation. In particular, the radar sensor can provide explicit information about objects within an operating environment to enable the user equipment to improve wireless communication performance. Additionally or alternatively, the radar sensor can provide higher quality information for an application running on the user equipment compared to other types of sensors, such as a camera. For instance, the radar sensor may perform comparatively better in environments such as low lighting and fog, or with moving and overlapping objects.

[0010] Sometimes, the radar sensor is capable of utilizing frequencies that are also utilized for wireless communication. As user equipment with radar sensors become more ubiquitous along with applications that utilize data from these radar sensors, interference between multiple user equipment can negatively impact performance of both radar sensing and wireless communication. In this sense, there can be increasing competition for radio-frequency spectrum resources between user equipment that utilize radar sensing and/or wireless communication.

[0011] To address this challenge, techniques that implement dynamic application-based resource allocation for radar sensing (or radar operation) are described herein. A user equipment can perform radar sensing using an integrated radar sensor or circuitry that supports both radar sensing and wireless communication. Sometimes the user equipment supports multiple applications that utilize radar sensing. In some cases, these applications have different radar performance metrics, which are designed to meet operational goals or quality-of-service (QoS) metrics of the corresponding applications. These radar performance metrics can specify a desired accuracy, a desired resolution, a desired level of responsiveness, a desired field-of-view (FoV), a desired false alarm rate, a desired noise level, characteristics of targets of interest, and/or characteristics of clutter. [0012] Instead of configuring operation of the radar sensor according to a fixed radar performance metric that satisfies the radar performance metrics of at least a majority of the applications, the user equipment can dynamically customize the operation of the radar sensor according to which radar-based applications are active. For example, the user equipment determines a current radar performance metric of the radar sensor based on the radar performance metrics of radar-based applications that are currently enabled (e.g., by a user) and requesting information from the radar sensor. In this way, a current radar performance metric of the user equipment can change over time as different combinations of radar-based applications are active. [0013] To enable dynamic application-based resource allocation for radar sensing, the user equipment communicates its current radar performance metric to a base station through a radar transmission request. Upon receiving the radar transmission request, the base station allocates resources (e.g., air interface resources, physical wireless communication resources, timing resources, and/or frequency resources) to the user equipment for radar sensing based on the current radar performance metric. The base station also determines a radar operational configuration for the user equipment based on the current radar performance metric. The base station grants the user equipment permission to perform radar sensing in accordance with the determined radar operational configuration. This dynamic application-based resource allocation enables the base station to manage available resources, efficiently utilize the radio-frequency spectrum to support concurrent radar sensing and wireless communication, and control interference levels across multiple user equipment.

Example Environment

[0014] FIG. 1 illustrates an example environment 100, which includes multiple user equipment 110 (UE 110), illustrated as UE 111, UE 112, and UE 113. Each user equipment 110 can communicate with one or more base stations 120 (illustrated as base stations 121 and 122) through one or more wireless communication links 130 (wireless link 130), illustrated as wireless link 131, wireless link 132, wireless link 133, wireless link 134, wireless link 135, and wireless link 136. For simplicity, the user equipment 110 is implemented as a smartphone but may be implemented as any suitable computing or electronic device, such as a mobile communication device, modem, cellular phone, gaming device, navigation device, media device, laptop computer, desktop computer, tablet computer, smart appliance, vehicle-based communication system, or an Intemet-of-Things (loT) device such as a sensor or an actuator. The base stations 120 (e.g., an Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network Node B, E-UTRAN Node B, evolved Node B, eNodeB, eNB, Next Generation Node B, gNode B, gNB, ng-eNB, or the like) may be implemented in a macrocell, microcell, small cell, picocell, distributed base station, and the like, or any combination thereof.

[0015] The base stations 120 communicate with the user equipment 110 using the wireless links 130, which may be implemented as any suitable type of wireless link. The wireless links 130 include control and data communication, such as downlink of data and control information communicated from the base stations 120 to the user equipment 110, uplink of other data and control information communicated from the user equipment 110 to the base stations 120, or both. The wireless links 130 may include one or more wireless links (e.g., radio links) or bearers implemented using any suitable communication protocol or standard, or combination of communication protocols or standards, such as Third Generation Partnership Project Long-Term Evolution (3GPP LTE), Fifth Generation New Radio (5G NR), and future evolutions. Multiple wireless links 130 may be aggregated in a carrier aggregation or multi-connectivity technology to provide a higher data rate for the user equipment 110. Multiple wireless links 130 from multiple base stations 120 may be configured for Coordinated Multipoint (CoMP) communication with the user equipment 110. Additionally, multiple wireless links 130 may be configured for single-radio access technology (RAT) (single-RAT), dual connectivity (single-RAT-DC), or multi-RAT dual connectivity (MR-DC). The wireless links 130 may be affected by permanent or temporary channel impairments such as buildings, foliage, precipitation, and other moving or stationary' objects 180, illustrated as objects 181, 182, and 183.

[0016] The base stations 120 are collectively a Radio Access Network 140 (e.g., RAN, Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network, E-UTRAN, 5G NR RAN or NR RAN). The base stations 121 and 122 in the RAN 140 are connected to a core network 150. The base stations 121 and 122 connect, at interface 102 and interface 104 respectively, to the core network 150 through an NG2 interface for control -plane signaling and using an NG3 interface for user-plane data communications when connecting to a 5G core network, or using an SI interface for control-plane signaling and user-plane data communications when connecting to an Evolved Packet Core (EPC) network. The base stations 121 and 122 can communicate using an Xn Application Protocol (XnAP) through an Xn interface, or using an X2 Application Protocol (X2AP) through an X2 interface, at interface 106, to exchange user-plane and control-plane data. [0017] The user equipment 110 may connect, via the core network 150, to public networks, such as the Internet 160 to interact with a remote service 170. The remote service 170 represents the computing, communication, and storage devices used to provide any of a multitude of sendees including interactive voice or video communication, file transfer, streaming voice or video, and other technical services implemented in any manner such as voice calls, video calls, website access, messaging senices (e.g., text messaging or multi-media messaging), photo file transfer, enterprise software applications, social media applications, video gaming, streaming video services, and podcasts.

[0018] The user equipment 110 is capable of performing radar sensing (e.g., monostatic radar sensing, cooperative bistatic radar sensing, and/or non-cooperative bistatic radar sensing). By way of explanation, radar sensing can involve transmitting a radar signal for bistatic radar sensing, receiving a radar signal for bistatic radar sensing, or transmitting and receiving a radar signal for monostatic radar sensing. The user equipment 110 can also launch (e.g., startup) and execute (e.g., run) multiple radar-based applications that utilize radar data obtained through radar sensing. Example radar-based applications are further described with respect to FIG. 2.

[0019] FIG. 2 is an illustration of example environments 200 (e.g., environments 202, 204, 206, 208, and 210) in which different radar-based applications 220 (e.g., radar-based applications 221, 222, 223, 224, and 225) are launched and executed. By way of explanation, a radar-based application 220 is a type of application that utilizes radar sensing. For example, the radar-based applications 220 can rely on radar sensing for detecting a presence of a user, recognizing a gesture perfonned by a user, providing information to enhance an augmented or virtual reality , providing driving assistance, performing health monitoring (e.g., detecting a user’s vital sign), and/or mapping an external environment or terrain.

[0020] In general, the user equipment 110 performs radar sensing to provide the radar-based applications 220 with appropriate radar data to support operation of the radar-based applications 220. The radar-based applications 220 can perform an action based on the radar data. In a first example, a radar-based application 220 changes visual content that is displayed by the user equipment 110 based on the radar data. In particular, the radar-based application 220 can display new content or move a cursor. In a second example, a radar-based application 220 changes audible content that is played by the user equipment 110, such as by playing anew song, changing the volume of the audible content, or silencing an alarm. In a third example, the radar-based application 220 changes an operational configuration of the user equipment 110, such as by activating or deactivating components of the user equipment 110 (e.g., a display or another sensor) or changing a wireless communication configuration. In other examples, the radar-based application 220 opens a new application based on the radar data, utilizes the radar data to augment data provided by other sensors (e.g., a camera), or triggers the user equipment 110 to transmit a message using wireless communication based on the radar data.

[0021] In the environments 202, 204, and 206, various radar-based applications 220 rely on radar sensing to detect and recognize gestures performed by a user. In some cases, the user performs a gesture using an appendage or body part. Additionally or alternatively, the user performs a gesture using a stylus, a hand-help obj ect, a ring, or any type of material that can reflect radar signals. In many cases, gesture recognition through radar sensing enables touch-free control of the radar-based application 220 and/or the user equipment 110.

[0022] In the environment 202, the user equipment 110 launches and executes a first radarbased application 221, which performs an action based on a swipe gesture. The swipe gesture involves a user moving a hand or object above the user equipment 110 along a horizontal dimension (e.g., from a left side of the user equipment 110 to a right side of the user equipment 110) or a vertical dimension (e.g., from a bottom side of the user equipment 110 to a top side of the user equipment 110). In a first example, the first radar-based application 221 is an application that displays content to the user. Responsive to the user equipment 110 detecting the swipe gesture, the first radar-based application 221 displays new content to the user. In a second example, the first radar-based application 221 is a music application that plays songs. Responsive to the user equipment 1 10 detecting the swipe gesture, the first radar-based application 221 plays a next song in a playlist.

[0023] hi the environment 204, the user equipment 110 launches and executes a second radarbased application 222, which performs an action based on a reach gesture. The reach gesture involves the user moving a hand or obj ect towards the user equipment 110. In a first example, the second radar-based application 222 can be an alarm or timer application, which sounds an alarm. Responsive to the user equipment 110 detecting the reach gesture, the second radar-based application 222 decreases the volume of the alarm. In some cases, the volume of the alarm can be controlled based on a distance between the entity associated with the reach gesture and the user equipment 110.

[0024] In a second example, the second radar-based application 222 is a power-conservation application, which turns off components of the user equipment 110, such as a display or other sensors. Responsive to the user equipment 110 detecting the reach gesture, however, the second radar-based application 222 turns on the display to provide a responsive user experience. The second radar-based application 222 may also activate other sensors, such as those that enable the user to unlock the user equipment 110 (e.g., a fingerprint sensor or an infrared camera). By proactively turning on these sensors, the sensors can proceed through any initialization or warmup process and be in a stand-by state to authenticate the user once the user picks up the user equipment 110.

[0025] Consider environment 206, in which the user equipment 110 is stored within an obj ect, such as a purse (as shown), a pocket, or a drawer of a desk. In the environment 206, the user equipment 110 launches and executes a third radar-based application 223, which plays a ringtone to alert the user to an incoming phone call. In a first example, the third radar-based application 223 silences the ringtone and dismisses the incoming phone call responsive to the user equipment 110 detecting a first gesture through the occlusion. In a second example, the third radar-based application 223 accepts the incoming phone call responsive to the user equipment 110 detecting a second gesture through the occlusion.

[0026] In general, the user equipment 110 can use radar sensing to recognize a variety of different gestures. Some gestures may be performed relatively close to the user equipment 110, such as at distances within 0.3 meters of the user equipment 110. In contrast, other gestures may be performed relatively far from the user equipment 110, such as at distances greater than 0.3 meters. Also, some gestures may traverse a wide range of angles, such as the swipe gesture in environment 202, while other gestures may be associated with a relatively narrow range of angles, such as the reach gesture in environment 204. Sometimes gestures can vary in terms of range rate and/or velocity.

[0027] In addition to the swipe gesture and the reach gesture, the user equipment 110 can recognize other types of gestures, such as a knob-turning gesture or a spindle-twisting gesture. To perform the knob-turning gesture, a user curls their fingers to grip an imaginary doorknob and rotate their fingers and hand in a clockwise or counter-clockwise fashion to mimic an action of turning the imaginary doorknob. For the spindle-twisting gesture, a user rubs a thumb and at least one other finger together. Some gestures can be two-dimensional, such as those used with touch- sensitive displays (e.g., a two-finger pinch, a two-finger spread, or a tap). Other gestures can be three-dimensional, such as many sign-language gestures, e.g., those of American Sign Language (ASL) and other sign languages worldwide.

[0028] While the radar-based applications 221, 222, and 223 rely on radar sensing for gesture recognition, other types of radar-based applications 220 can utilize radar sensing for other purposes in addition to or instead of gesture recognition. Consider radar-based applications 220 that support virtual reality (VR) or augmented reality (AR). For virtual reality, the user equipment 110 can utilize radar sensing to detect objects that are proximate to the user in the real world and alert the user to possible collisions while the user interacts with a virtual environment. Optionally, the user equipment 110 can utilize radar sensing for gesture recognition to enable the user to interact with the virtual environment.

[0029] For augmented reality, the user equipment 110 can utilize radar sensing to superimpose radar data within an interactive experience. The radar data can include information about objects detected within the current environment. This information can include position information (e.g., slant range, azimuth, or elevation), velocity information (e.g., range rate or speed), trajectory' information, radar cross section (RCS) information, dimension or size information, material composition information, or target classification information. Example radar-based applications 220 can use the radar data to display distances to objects, display lengths of objects, or map an area for various augmented realities. Optionally, the user equipment 110 can utilize radar sensing for gesture recognition to enable the user to interact with the augmented reality.

[0030] Also, the radar-based applications 220 can use the position information provided through radar sensing to enhance visual rendering of virtual objects in the augmented reality. For example, radar sensing can provide position information regarding walls of a room to enable augmented reality to change the depiction of the structural features of the room in a way that maintains a corresponding perspective to real life. Consider a radar-based application 220 that uses augmented reality to change the visual appearance of walls of a room, as viewed through the user equipment 110. With the radar data, the radar-based application 220 can create an augmented image of the walls with the appropriate perspective while also changing the color or texture of the walls.

[0031] hi the environment 208, the user equipment 110 launches and executes a fourth radarbased application 224, which uses augmented reality to provide product information and/or purchasing options for objects within a store. The fourth radar-based application 224 can use information provided by radar sensing to enhance the user experience. In this case, the user points a camera tow ards a decorative plant. Through the use of radar sensing, the user equipment 110 provides the fourth radar-based application 224 position information associated with the decorative plant. With this information, the fourth radar-based application 224 can confirm a position of the decorative plant as presented on the display and position pricing information next to the displayed image of the decorative plant. With radar sensing, the fourth radar-based application 224 can position the pricing information without obscuring the displayed image of the decorative plant. In some cases, the user equipment 110 also provides radar cross section information, dimension information, or material composition information to further enable the fourth radar-based application 224 to recognize the decorative plant from other objects that are also available for purchase in the store. With the additional data provided through radar sensing, the fourth radar-based application 224 can have a higher likelihood of correctly identifying various objects within the store.

[0032] In the environment 210, the user equipment 110 launches and executes a fifth radarbased application 225, which can utilize radar sensing to support driving of a vehicle. In particular, the fifth radar-based application 225 can utilize radar sensing to provide collision avoidance, navigational aid, assisted driving, or autonomous driving. In some situations, the user equipment 110 is a smart device, such as a smart phone, that is mounted to a vehicle. In other situations, the user equipment 110 is the vehicle itself.

[0033] To support driving, the fifth radar-based application 225 can utilize information provided by radar sensing to determine the position and/or velocity of other vehicles or road obstacles. The fifth radar-based application 225 can sound an alarm if another vehicle or obstacle is close to the vehicle or predicted to collide with the vehicle. Also, the fifth radar-based application 225 can utilize radar sensing to determine an appropriate speed or steering direction of the vehicle.

[0034] Additionally or alternatively, the fifth radar-based application 225 in environment 210 can utilize radar sensing for health monitoring (e.g., vital sign detection). In particular, the fifth radar-based application 225 uses radar sensing to monitor vital signs (e.g., heart rate and/or respiration rate) of a user that drives the vehicle. If the fifth radar-based application 225 determines that the driver is falling asleep, the fifth radar-based application 225 can sound an alert. Alternatively, if the fifth radar-based application 225 detects a life threatening emergency, such as a heart attack, the fifth radar-based application 225 can cause the user equipment 110 to send a message that notifies a medical professional or emergency services.

[0035] Another radar-based application 220 (not shown) can use radar sensing to map a surrounding environment. In particular, the radar-based application 220 can determine the characteristics (e.g., position, velocity, and/or material composition) of stationary or moving objects within the environment. Example stationary objects include buildings, tunnels, bridges, rocks, plants, walls of a room, panes of glass, and furniture. Example moving objects include humans, animals, water vapor, precipitation, and vehicles

[0036] Sometimes the existence and position of these objects can make it challenging for the user equipment 110 to communicate with the base station 120. For example, the objects can cause a wireless communication signal to reflect, diffract, or scatter, which results in the wireless communication signal propagating across multiple propagation paths. The multiple propagation paths can cause multiple delayed versions of the wireless communication signal to reach a receiving entity at different times. This can cause the received wireless communication signal to become distorted (e.g., due to intersymbol interference (ISI)) or have a smaller signal-to-noise ratio. As another example, an object can prevent the user equipment 110 and the base station 120 from having direct line-of-sight communication. With radar sensing, however, the radar-based application 220 can determine the propagation environment (e.g., estimate the propagation paths) and customize operations (e.g., beamforming configurations) to improve wireless communication performance.

[0037] Each radar-based application 220 is associated with a radar performance metric 230. For example, the radar-based applications 221, 222, 223, 224, and 225 are respectively associated with radar performance metrics 231, 232, 233, 234, and 235. The radar performance metric 230 can also be referred to as a radar performance requirement, a radar key performance parameter (KPP), or a radar Quality-of-Service (QoS) metric. The radar performance metric 230 indicates one or more mission-level or system-level performance requirements associated with radar sensing. The radar performance metric 230 can represent a single requirement or a collection of multiple requirements. By performing radar sensing in a manner that satisfies the radar performance metric 230, the user equipment 110 can support the radar-based application 220 in obtaining the necessary radar data to operate and meet its performance or Quality-of-Service (QoS) metric.

[0038] The radar performance metric 230 can include information defining a performance of a radar sensor (e.g., a radar sensor 516 of FIG. 5), characteristics of targets of interest, and/or characteristics of noise or clutter. Aspects associated with perfonnance of a radar sensor can include a level of accuracy, a resolution threshold (e.g., with respect to slant range, azimuth, elevation, and/or Doppler), and/or a level of responsiveness (e.g., time to target acquisition and/or update rate). Other aspects that define characteristics of targets of interest include expected positions, velocities, radar cross sections (RCS), and/or material composition. In some cases, the characteristics of the targets of interest can be defined by specifying a minimum and/or maximum expected value. Sometimes, the information defining the targets of interest can also include a field-of-view (e g., a maximum distance and/or a maximum range of angles for detecting targets of interest). Also, the information defining the targets of interest can specify a maximum Doppler. Aspects that define characteristics of noise or clutter can include a noise level threshold, a false alarm rate, and/or characteristics of clutter (e.g., expected positions, range rates, radar cross sections, and/or material composition). A current radar performance metric of the user equipment 110 can change over time based on which radar-based applications 220 are active, as further described with respect to FIG. 3.

[0039] FIG. 3 illustrates an example sequence flow diagram 300 in which various aspects of dynamic application-based resource allocation for radar sensing can be implemented. As depicted in the sequence flow diagram 300, the user equipment 110 launches, executes, and halts different combinations of radar-based applications 220 over time. As such, a current radar performance metric 310 of the user equipment 110 can vary over time based on which radar-based applications 220 are active. In general, halting an application includes the concepts of terminating execution of an application, pausing or suspending execution of an application, as well as placing the application into a sleep or other quiescent mode.

[0040] In situations in which the user equipment 110 executes a single radar-based application 220, the current radar performance metric 310 can be the radar performance metric 230 of the active radar-based application 220. However, in situations in which the user equipment 110 executes multiple radar-based applications 220 at a same time, the current radar performance metric 310 can represent a comprehensive radar performance metric that satisfies the radar performance metrics 230 of the multiple radar-based applications 220. In other words the current radar performance metric 310 is a composite or combination of the radar performance metrics 230 of the multiple radar-based applications 220. In particular, the user equipment 110 can determine the current radar performance metric 310 by compiling the strictest mission-level or system-level performance requirements of the multiple radar-based applications 220. In this way, the current radar performance metric 310 can satisfy all of the multiple radar-based applications 220.

[0041] At 302, the user equipment 110 launches and executes the radar-based application 221, which is associated with the radar perfonnance metric 231. The radar performance metric 231 can specify characteristics of the swipe gesture, such as the general ranges, angles, speeds, and/or directions associated with the gesture. In particular, the radar performance metric 231 can specify a first field-of-view, which includes a first maximum distance and a first range of angles associated with a swipe gesture. The radar performance metric 231 can also include an angular resolution and a first update rate. The first field-of-view, the first angular resolution, and the first update rate specify conditions for radar sensing that enable detection of the swipe gesture and therefore supports operation of the radar-based application 221. In this case, a current radar performance metric 311 of the user equipment 110 represents the radar performance metric 231.

[0042] At 304, the user equipment 110 halts the execution of the radar-based application 221. The user equipment 110 also launches and executes the radar-based application 222, which is associated with the radar performance metric 232. The radar performance metric 232 can specify characteristics of the reach gesture, such as general ranges, angles, and/or speeds associated with the gesture. In particular, the radar performance metric 232 can specify a second field-of-view, which includes a second maximum distance and a second range of angles associated a swipe gesture. The radar performance metnc 232 can also include a range resolution and a second update rate. In this case, a current radar performance metric 312 of the user equipment 110 represents the radar performance metric 232. [0043] At 306, the user equipment 110 maintains the execution of the radar-based application 222 and launches the radar-based application 221, resulting in execution of the two radar-based applications 221 and 222. In this case, the user equipment 110 determines a current radar performance metric 313 that represents a combination of the radar performance metrics 231 and 232. Consider an example in which the first field-of-view of the radar performance metric 231 has a larger range of angles compared to the second field-of-view of the radar performance metric 232. However, the second field-of-view allows for a larger maximum distance compared to the first field-of-view. Also, the first update rate of the radar performance metric 231 can be higher than the second update rate of the radar performance metric 232.

[0044] To enable detection of both the swipe gesture and the reach gesture, the user equipment 110 determines the current radar performance metric 312 to have a third field-of-view, which represents a combination of the first field-of-view and the second field-of-view. In particular, the third field-of-view combines together the first range of angles of the first field-of-view and the second maximum distance of the second field-of-view. Also, the current radar performance metric 312 includes the first update rate of the radar performance metric 231, the angular resolution of the radar performance metric 231, and the range resolution of the radar perfonnance metric 232. This current radar performance metric 313 enables the user equipment 110 to perform radar sensing in a manner that enables detection of the swipe gesture for the radar-based application 221 and detection of the reach gesture for the radar-based application 222.

[0045] The radar performance metric 230 of other radar-based applications 220 can also vary. For example, the radar performance metric 234 of the radar-based application 224, which supports virtual or augmented reality, can specify a level of accuracy for slant-range measurements to be on the order of a few centimeters. Also, the radar performance metric 234 can specify an angular resolution, a third maximum distance, a maximum expected Doppler, and a third range of angles. In some cases, the angular resolution of the radar-based application 224 is smaller than the angular resolution of the radar-based application 221. The third range of angles can also be larger than the first range of angles. The third maximum distance can be similar to the second maximum distance of the radar-based application 222.

[0046] As another example, the radar performance metric 235 of the radar-based application 225, which provides driving assistance, can specify a level of accuracy for slant-range measurements to be approximately one meter. As such, radar sensing performed for the radarbased application 225 can be less accurate in the slant-range dimension compared to the radar sensing performed for the radar-based application 224. Also, the radar performance metric 235 can specify a fourth maximum distance and a maximum expected Doppler. The fourth maximum distance can be significantly greater than the first, second, and third maximum distances of the radar performance metrics 231, 232, and 234. The maximum expected Doppler of the radar performance metric 235 can also be larger than the maximum expected Doppler of the radar performance metric 234.

[0047] As shown in the sequence diagram 300, the current radar performance metric 310 of the user equipment 110 changes over time as the active radar-based applications 220 change. Additionally or alternatively, the current radar performance metric 310 can change as the external environment or operating environment changes. A radar-based application 220, for instance, can have multiple radar performance metrics 230 associated with different external environments. For example, the radar-based application 225 can utilize a first radar performance metric 230 while traversing urban environments and can utilize a second radar performance metric 230 while traversing rural environments. In this way, the current radar performance metric 310 can also change according to a current external environment.

[0048] Another radar-based application 220 can have multiple radar performance metrics 230 associated with different power configurations of the user equipment 110. For example, a radarbased application 220 can utilize a third radar performance metric 230 while the user equipment 110 operates in a power-saving mode and can utilize a fourth radar performance metric 230 while the user equipment 110 operates in a full-power mode. In this way, the current radar performance metric 310 can change according to a power mode of the user equipment 110 or the amount of power available for radar sensing.

[0049] Sometimes a radar-based application 220 can have multiple radar performance metrics 230 associated with different user actions. For example, a radar-based application 220 that displays a map can utilize a fifth radar performance metric 230 while the user has the map in a zoomed-out view and a sixth radar performance metric 230 while the user has the map in a zoomed-in view. In comparison, the sixth radar performance metric 230 can require a higher level of accuracy and resolution compared to the fifth radar performance metric 230. The user equipment 110 communicates the current radar performance metric 310 to the base station 120 to inform the base station 120 about the type of resource allocation the user equipment 110 requires for the active radar-based applications 220, as further described with respect to FIG. 4.

[0050] FIG. 4 illustrates example signals for supporting dynamic application-based resource allocation for radar sensing. In an example environment 400, the user equipment 110 launches and executes one or more radar-based applications 220. The user equipment 110 also determines a current radar performance metric 310 based on the individual radar performance metrics 230 associated with the active radar-based applications 220, as described with respect to FIG. 3. [0051] Prior to performing radar sensing for the radar-based application 220, the user equipment 110 communicates the current radar performance metric 310 to the base station 120. In particular, the user equipment 110 transmits a radar transmission request 410 to the base station 120. The radar transmission request 410 includes parameters that specify the current radar performance metric 310. The radar transmission request 410 enables the user equipment 110 to request permission for performing radar sensing as well as inform the base station 120 of the radarsensing requirements of the active radar-based application 220.

[0052] The base station 120 receives the radar transmission request 410 and allocates resources (e.g., air interface resources, timing resources, and/or frequency resources) based on the current radar performance metric 310. The base station 120 can also allocate the resources based on the current operating environment (e.g., based on the wireless communications and radar sensing performed by other entities within the environment). The base station 120 determines a radar operational configuration 420 of the user equipment 110 based on the radar performance metric 230 In particular, the radar operational configuration 420 appropriately configures the user equipment 110 in a way that satisfies the radar performance metric 230 and utilizes the assigned resources for radar sensing.

[0053] The radar operational configuration 420 can specify lower-level operational parameters of radar sensing. An example radar operational configuration 420 can specify waveform parameters of a transmitted radar signal, such as transmit power, frequency, bandwidth, modulation type, radiation pattern (e.g., direction and/or beamw idth of a main lobe), pulse width, pulse repetition frequency (PRF) (e.g., inter-pulse period (1PP)), quantity of pulses, update rate, or polarization (e.g., horizontal polarization, vertical polarization, and/or circular polarization). The frequency and/or bandwidth can be based on a frequency resource allocated for radar sensing. In some cases, the frequency can correspond to a frequency band associated with wireless communication (e.g., a licensed frequency band or an unlicensed frequency band). The frequency band can be associated with millimeter or sub-millimeter wavelengths. The base station 120 can also allocate radio bearers to enable the user equipment 110 to utilize a particular bandwidth for radar sensing. A duration and periodicity of the transmitted radar signal can be based on a timing resource allocated for radar sensing.

[0054] Additionally or alternatively, the radar operational configuration 420 can specify a mode of operation, such as a monostatic radar mode, a bistatic radar transmitter mode, a bistatic radar receiver mode. The radar operational configuration 420 can also specify operational characteristics (or parameters), such as a beam-scanning pattern, a detection threshold, noncoherent or coherent integration, parameters associated with clutter cancellation, a beamforming configuration (e.g., analog, hybrid, or digital), a tracking mode (e.g., single-target tracking or track-while-scan), or a measurement-smoothing algorithm (e.g., an alpha-beta filter or a Kalman filter).

[0055] The base station 120 specifies aspects of the radar operational configuration 420 to enable the user equipment 110 to satisfy the radar performance metric 230 within the constraints of the given operational environment. For example, the base station 120 can specify the transmit power based on a maximum distance specified by the current radar performance metric 3f 0. The base station f20 can specify a frequency based on the Doppler resolution, maximum distance, and/or noise level specified by the current radar performance metric 310. As another example, the base station 120 can specify a radiation pattern or beam-scanning pattern based on the range of angles associated with the field-of-view of the current radar performance metric 310.

[0056] Consider one or more resolution thresholds specified by the current radar performance metric 310. For an angular resolution, the base station 120 can specify a beamwidth of the main lobe that satisfies the angular resolution specified by the current radar performance metric 310. For a range resolution, the base station 120 specifies a pulse width (or bandwidth for pulse compression) that satisfies the range resolution specified by the current radar perfomiance metric 310. For Doppler resolution, the base station 120 specifies a coherent processing interval (CPI) that satisfies the Doppler resolution specified by the current radar performance metric 310. [0057] In some cases, the operational environment may place significant constraints on the resources available for radar sensing. In this case, the base station 120 can specify aspects of the radar operational configuration 420 that enable the user equipment 110 to at least partially satisfy the current radar performance metric 310. If resources are unavailable, for example, the base station 120 can cause the user equipment 110 to operate according a bistatic radar receiver mode instead of a monostatic mode. In the bistatic radar receiver mode, the user equipment 110 can receive radar signals transmitted by another entity, such as another nearby user equipment 110. To minimize interference in a congested environment, the base station 120 specifies a radar operational configuration 420 with a transmit power, bandwidth, radiation pattern, and/or beamscanning pattern that partially satisfies the current radar performance metric 310. Alternatively, the base station 120 can determine to not grant the user equipment 110 permission to perform radar sensing until the environment becomes less congested. In this way, the base station can manage available resources, enable efficient utilization of radio-frequency spectrum resources for concurrent radar sensing and wireless communication, and control interference levels across multiple user equipment. [0058] After determining the radar operational configuration 420, the base station 120 transmits a radar grant message 430 to the user equipment 110. In one case, the radar grant message 430 includes parameters that specify the radar operational configuration 420 and grants the user equipment 110 permission to perform radar sensing according to the radar operational configuration 420. In another case, the radar grant message 430 denies the user equipment 110 permission to perform radar sensing.

[0059] The user equipment 110 receives the radar grant message 430 and performs radar sensing according to the radar operational configuration 420. In this example, the user equipment 110 operates as a frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radar. However, other types of radars are also possible, including apulse-Doppler radar, a phase-modulated spreadspectrum radar, an impulse radar, a radar that uses Zadoff-Chu sequences or constant-amplitude zero-autocorrelation (CAZAC) sequences, or a MIMO radar.

[0060] In the environment 400, the user equipment 110 transmits a radar signal 440 for monostatic radar sensing. The radar signal 440 in this example represents a frequency -modulated signal. In other implementations, the radar signal 440 can include a pulsed signal or a phase- modulated signal. The radar signal 440 includes a sequence of chirps 450, illustrated as chirps 451, 452, and 453. The chirps 450 can be transmitted in a continuous burst or separated in time. The multiple chirps 450 enable the user equipment 110 to make multiple observations of an object 460 over a predetermined time period.

[0061] Frequencies of the chirps 450 can increase or decrease over time. In the depicted example, the user equipment 110 employs a two-slope cycle (e g., triangular frequency modulation) to linearly increase and linearly decrease the frequency of each chirp 450 over time. The two-slope cycle enables the user equipment 110 to measure the Doppler frequency shift caused by motion of the object 460.

[0062] The radar signal 440 propagates through space and reflects off the object 460. A reflected version of the radar signal 440 is represented by reflected radar signal 470. The reflected radar signal 470 propagates back towards the user equipment 110. Similar to the radar signal 440, the reflected radar signal 470 is composed of the chirps 450. As depicted in FIG. 4, an amplitude of the reflected radar signal 470 is smaller than an amplitude of the radar signal 440 due to losses incurred during propagation and reflection.

[0063] Dunng monostatic radar sensing, the user equipment 110 receives the reflected radar signal 470 and processes the reflected radar signal 470 to detect the object 460. At the user equipment 110, the reflected radar signal 470 represents a delayed, attenuated version of the radar signal 440. The amount of delay is proportional to a distance between the user equipment 110 and the obj ect 460. In particular, this delay represents a summation of a time it takes for the radar signal 440 to propagate from the user equipment 110 to the object 460 and a time it takes for the reflected radar signal 470 to propagate from the object 460 to the user equipment 110. If the object 460 or the user equipment 110 is moving, the reflected radar signal 470 is shifted in frequency relative to the radar signal 440 due to the Doppler effect. In other words, certain characteristics of the reflected radar signal 470 are dependent upon motion of the object 460 and motion of the user equipment 110.

[0064] The user equipment 110 analyzes the reflected radar signal 470 to detect the obj ect 460 and determine explicit information about the object 460. The explicit information includes position information (e.g., distance or angle), movement information (e.g., Doppler frequency or total velocity), radar-cross-section information, dimension information (e.g., length, width, or height), and/or material or surface composition information (e.g., a reflection coefficient) of the object 460. This information can be provided to the radar-based application 220. Sometimes the information determined from the reflected radar signal 470 can be provided to multiple radarbased applications 220. In other cases, the user equipment 110 can transmit different radar signals 440 for different radar-based applications 220.

[0065] The user equipment 110 can additionally or alternatively perform bistatic radar sensing. For example, the user equipment 110 can operate as a transmitter of a bistatic radar and transmit the radar signal 440. In this case, the reflected radar signal 470 is received by another entity that operates as a receiver of the bistatic radar. Alternatively, the user equipment 110 can operate as the receiver of the bistatic radar and receive the reflected radar signal 470. In this case, the radar signal 440 is transmitted by another entity that operates as a transmitter of the bistatic radar

[0066] For cooperative bistatic radar sensing with the user equipment 110 operating as the receiver of the bistatic radar, the user equipment 110 receives the reflected radar signal 470 and process the reflected radar signal 470 to detect the object 460. At the user equipment 110, the reflected radar signal 470 represents a delayed, attenuated version of the radar signal 440. The amount of delay is proportional to a summation of a distance (e.g., slant range) between the transmitter of the bistatic radar (not shown) and the object 460 and a distance between the object 460 and the user equipment 110. In particular, this delay represents a summation of a time it takes for the radar signal 440 to propagate from the transmitter of the bistatic radar to the object 180 and a time it takes for the reflected radar signal 470 to propagate from the object 460 to the user equipment 110. If the obj ect 460, the transmitter of the bistatic radar, or the user equipment 110 is moving, the reflected radar signal 470 is shifted in frequency relative to the radar signal 440 due to the Doppler effect. In other words, certain characteristics of the reflected radar signal 470 are dependent upon the motion of the object 460, the motion of the transmitter of the bistatic radar (e.g., another user equipment 110 or the base station 120), and the motion of the receiver of the bistatic radar (e.g., the user equipment 110).

[0067] To enable the user equipment 110 to determine explicit information about the object 460, the transmitter of the bistatic radar can communicate additional information to the user equipment 110. For example, through control signaling that is separate from the radar signal, the transmitter of the bistatic radar communicates its position (e g., a GNSS position) and velocity, waveform characteristics of the radar signal 440, and/or timing of the radar signal 440 for synchronization. In some situations, the user equipment 110 also receives the radar signal 440 through a direct line-of-sight propagation path. As such, the user equipment 110 can directly compare the reflected radar signal 470 to the received radar signal 440 to determine the explicit information about the object 460. In other situations, the user equipment can replicate the radar signal 440 based on the waveform characteristics and timing information provided by the transmitter of the bistatic radar. In this way, the user equipment 110 compares the reflected radar signal 470 to the replicated radar signal 440 to determine explicit information about the object 460. [0068] Over time, the user equipment 110 can send additional radar transmission requests 410 as different radar-based applications 220 are enabled or as the radar performance metric 230 of an active radar-based application 220 changes. With the current radar performance metric 310, the base station 120 can determine appropriate resources to allocate to the user equipment 110 for radar sensing as well as a radar operational configuration 420 of the user equipment 110. In this way, the base station 120 can manage available resources, enable efficient utilization of radiofrequency spectrum resources for concurrent radar sensing and wireless communication, and control interference levels across multiple user equipment. Components of the user equipment 110 and the base station 120 are further described with respect to FIG. 5.

Example Devices

[0069] FIG. 5 illustrates an example device diagram 500 of the user equipment 110 and the base station 120 that can implement various aspects of dynamic application-based resource allocation for radar sensing. The user equipment 110 and the base station 120 can include additional functions and interfaces that are omitted from FIG. 5 for the sake of clarity.

[0070] The user equipment 110 includes antennas 502, a radio-frequency front end 504 (RF front end 504), and a wireless transceiver 506 (e.g., an LTE transceiver and/or a 5G NR transceiver). The antennas 502, the radio-frequency front end 504, and the wireless transceiver 506 can be used for communicating with the base station 120 in the RAN 140. The radio-frequency front end 504 couples or connects the wireless transceiver 506 to the antennas 502. The antennas 502 can include an array of multiple antennas that are configured similar to or differently from each other. The antennas 502 and the radio-frequency front end 504 can be tuned to, and/or be tunable to, one or more frequency bands defined by the 3GPP LTE and 5G NR communication standards and implemented by the wireless transceiver 506. By way of example and not limitation, the antennas 502 and the radio-frequency front end 504 can be implemented for operation in sub-GHz bands, sub-6 GHz bands, and/or above 6 GHz bands (e.g., GHz bands associated with millimeter wavelengths or terahertz (THz) bands associated with submillimeter wavelengths). Additionally, the antennas 502, the radio-frequency front end 504, and the wireless transceiver 506 may be configured to support beamforming for wireless communication.

[0071] The user equipment 110 also includes at least one processor 508 and at least one computer-readable storage media 510 (CRM 510). The processor 508 may be a single core processor or a multiple core processor composed of a variety of materials, such as silicon, polysilicon, high-K dielectric, copper, and so on. The CRM 510 described herein excludes propagating signals and can include any suitable memory or storage device such as random-access memory (RAM), static RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), non-volatile RAM (NVRAM), read-only memory (ROM), or Flash memory useable to store device data 512 of the user equipment 110. The device data 512 includes user data, multimedia data, beamforming codebooks, applications (e.g., radar-based applications 220), neural network (NN) tables, neural network training data, and/or an operating system of the user equipment 110, some of which are executable by the processor 508 to enable user-plane data, control-plane information, and user interaction with the user equipment 110.

[0072] In aspects, the CRM 510 includes a radar control manager 514. Alternatively or additionally, the radar control manager 514 can be implemented in whole or part as hardware logic or circuitry integrated with or separate from other components of the user equipment 110. The radar control manager 514 determines the current radar performance metric 310, generates the radar transmission request 410, and processes the radar grant message 430. The radar control manager 514 also configures a radar sensor 516 of the user equipment 110 according to the radar operational configuration 420.

[0073] In one implementation, the radar sensor 516 includes circuitry that is dedicated for radar sensing (e.g., an integrated radar sensor). In this case, the radar sensor 516 includes other antennas that are distinct from (e.g., separate from or different than) the antennas 502, another radio-frequency front end that is distinct from the radio-frequency front end 504, another wireless transceiver that is distinct from the wireless transceiver 506, another processor that is distinct from the processor 508, or another computer-readable storage media that is distinct from the computer- readable storage media 510. In some cases, the other antennas, the other radio-frequency front end, and the other wireless transceiver are implemented on an integrated circuit.

[0074] In an alternative implementation, the radar sensor 516 includes circuitry that supports both radar sensing and wireless communication. For example, the radar sensor 516 is implemented using the antennas 502, the radio-frequency front end 504, the wireless transceiver 506, the processor 508, and the computer-readable storage media 510 of FIG. 5. As described above, these components can be used for wireless communication (e.g., for transmitting uplink signals and receiving downlink signals). In this case, however, these components can also be used for radar sensing. For example, the processor 508 can generate a digital version of the radar signal 440 and the wireless transceiver 506 and the radio-frequency front end 504 can condition this signal for transmission using the antennas 502. In some cases, the processor 508 can generate the digital version of the radar signal 440 and generate a digital version of an uplink signal. For reception, the antennas 502 receive the reflected radar signal 470, the radio-frequency front end 504 and the wireless transceiver 506 further condition this signal for reception, and the processor 508 employs radar signal processing techniques to process the reflected radar signal 470 and process a downlink signal.

[0075] In other implementations, the radar sensor 516 includes a combination of dedicated circuitry for radar sensing and shared circuitry used for both radar sensing and wireless communication. For example, the shared circuitry of the radar sensor 516 can include the computer-readable storage media 510 and the processor 508. In this case, the shared circuitry can generate baseband versions of a transmitted radar signal 440 and process baseband versions of a received radar signal 470. These messages are further described with respect to FIGs. 7 and 8. The dedicated circuitry of the radar sensor 516 can include an integrated circuit, which includes the other antennas, the other radio-frequency front end, and the other wireless transceiver. The dedicated circuitry enables both transmission and reception of radar signals.

[0076] Sometimes the radar sensor 516 can operate according to a variety of one or more available configurations 518. In some cases, these configurations 518 are derived from fixed limitations of the user equipment 110. These fixed limitations can be based on hardware limitations associated with the radar sensor 516 (e g., associated with the antennas 502, the radiofrequency front end 504, the wireless transceiver 506, and/or the processor 508). Example fixed limitations include available frequency bands, bandwidths, transmit power levels, antenna configurations, and duplex configurations the user equipment 110 is capable of employing for radar sensing. The available configurations 518 can also be subject to limitations that can dynamically change over time. Example dynamic limitations include an amount of available power (e.g., a battery level of the user equipment 110), an amount of available memorv (e.g., a size of the computer-readable storage media 510), and/or an amount of processing capacity (e.g., a processing capacity of the processor 508).

[0077] The available configuration 518 represents an operational configuration of the user equipment 110 for generating the radar signal 440, transmitting the radar signal 440, receiving the reflected radar signal 470, and/or processing the reflected radar signal 470. In some cases, the available configuration 518 specifies adjustable characteristics of the radar signal 440, such as a carrier frequency, a bandwidth, a radar waveform (e.g., a modulation type), and/or a transmit power level. The available configuration can also include a hardware configuration of the user equipment 110, a software configuration of the user equipment 110, radar-sensing performance metrics of the user equipment 1 10, available resources of the user equipment 1 10, or some combination thereof.

[0078] An example hardware configuration includes an antenna configuration, such as a single antenna for transmission and reception, a phased array for transmission and/or reception, or MIMO operation. Another example hardware configuration includes a duplex configuration, such as a half-duplex configuration to implement a pulsed-Doppler radar or a full-duplex configuration to implement a frequency-modulated continuous-wave radar.

[0079] Example software configurations of the user equipment 110 include a radar-signalprocessing configuration. The radar-signal-processing configuration specifies the signalprocessing techniques the user equipment 110 can employ to determine explicit information about the object 460. Some radar-signal -processing configurations can be tailored to be less complex and utilize less memory. For example, a first radar-signal-processing configuration performs a Fourier transform (e.g., a fast Fourier transform (FFT)) and uses a detection threshold algorithm. With these techniques, the first radar-signal -processing configuration can detect the object 460 and measure a distance to the object 460. Other radar-signal-processing configurations can be more complex and utilize more memory in order to reduce false alarms and improve accuracy. For example, a second radar-signal-processing configuration can include a clutter tracker to monitor clutter, an object tracker to improve a likelihood of detecting the object 460 as well as improve measurement accuracy, and/or a digital beamformer to measure one or more angles to the obj ect 460. [0080] The user equipment 110 can provide the base station 120 with a list or look-up table of available configurations 518, as further described with respect to FIG. 7. In this way, the base station 120 can determine the radar operational configuration 420 based on the available configurations 518 to enable the radar sensor 516 to realize the current radar performance metric 310.

[0081] The device diagram for the base station 120, shown in FIG. 5, includes a single network node (e.g., a gNode B). The functionality of the base station 120 may be distributed across multiple network nodes or devices and may be distributed in any fashion suitable to perform the functions described herein. The base station 120 includes antennas 542, at least one radiofrequency front end 544 (RF front end 544), and one or more wireless transceivers 546 (e.g. one or more LTE transceivers and/or one or more 5G NR transceivers). The antennas 542, the radiofrequency front end 544, and the wireless transceiver 546 can be used for communicating with the user equipment 110. The radio-frequency front end 544 couples or connects the wireless transceiver 546 to the antennas 542. The antennas 542 can include an array of multiple antennas that are configured similar to, or different from, each other. The antennas 542 and the radiofrequency front end 544 can be tuned to, and/or be tunable to, one or more frequency bands defined by the 3GPP LTE and 5G NR communication standards, and implemented by the wireless transceiver 546. By way of example and not limitation, the antennas 542 and the radio-frequency front end 544 can be implemented for operation in sub-GHz bands, sub-6 GHz bands, and/or above 6 GHz bands (e.g., GHz bands associated with millimeter wavelengths or terahertz (THz) bands associated with sub-millimeter wavelengths). Additionally, the antennas 542, the radiofrequency front end 544, and/or the wireless transceiver 546 can be configured to support beamforming, such as Massive-MIMO, for wireless communication.

[0082] The base station 120 also includes at least one processor 548 and at least one computer- readable storage media 550 (CRM 550). The processor 548 may be a single core processor or a multiple core processor composed of a variety of materials, such as silicon, polysilicon, high-K dielectric, copper, and so on. CRM 550 may include any suitable memory or storage device such as random-access memory (RAM), static RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), non-volatile RAM (NVRAM), read-only memory (ROM), or Flash memory' useable to store device data 552 of the base station 120. The device data 552 includes network scheduling data, radio resource management data, beamforming codebooks, applications, and/or an operating system of the base station 120, which are executable by processor 548 to enable wireless communication with the user equipment 110. [0083] The CRM 550 includes a radar control manager 554. Alternatively or additionally, the radar control manager 554 can be implemented in whole or part as hardware logic or circuitry' integrated with or separate from other components of the base station 120. The radar control manager 554 processes the radar transmission request 410, determines the radar operational configuration 420, and generates the radar grant message 430. These messages are further described with respect to FIGs. 7 and 8.

[0084] The base station 120 also includes a core network interface 556, which the base station 120 configures to exchange user-plane data, control-plane information, and/or other data/information with core network functions and/or entities. The base station 120 additionally includes an inter-base station interface 558, such as an Xn and/or X2 interface, which the base station 120 configures to exchange user-plane data, control-plane information, and/or other data/information between other base stations, to manage the communication of the base station 120 with the user equipment 110.

User Plane and Control Plane Signaling

[0085] FIG. 6 illustrates an example block diagram of a wireless network stack model 600 (stack 600, network stack 600). The network stack 600 characterizes a communication system for the example environment 100, in which various aspects of dynamic application-based resource allocation for radar sensing can be implemented. The network stack 600 includes a user plane 602 and a control plane 604. Upper layers of the user plane 602 and the control plane 604 share common lower layers in the network stack 600. Wireless devices, such as the user equipment 110 or the base station 120, implement each layer as an entity for communication with another device using the protocols defined for the layer. For example, the user equipment 110 uses a Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) entity to communicate to a peer PDCP entity in a base station 120 using the PDCP.

[0086] The shared lower layers include a physical (PHY) layer 606, a Media Access Control (MAC) layer 608, a Radio Link Control (RLC) layer 610, and a PDCP layer 612. The PHY layer 606 provides hardware specifications for devices that communicate with each other. As such, the PHY layer 606 establishes how devices connect to each other, assists in managing how communication resources are shared among devices, and the like.

[0087] The MAC layer 608 specifies how data is transferred between devices. Generally, the MAC layer 608 provides a way in which data packets being transmitted are encoded and decoded into bits as part of a transmission protocol. [0088] The RLC layer 610 provides data transfer services to higher layers in the network stack 600. Generally, the RLC layer 610 provides error correction, packet segmentation and reassembly, and management of data transfers in various modes, such as acknowledged, unacknowledged, or transparent modes.

[0089] The PDCP layer 612 provides data transfer services to higher layers in the network stack 600. Generally, the PDCP layer 612 provides transfer of user plane 602 and control plane 604 data, header compression, ciphering, and integrity protection.

[0090] Above the PDCP layer 612, the network stack 600 splits into the user-plane 602 and the control-plane 604. Layers of the user plane 602 include an optional Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) layer 614, an Internet Protocol (IP) layer 616, a Transmission Control Protocol/User Datagram Protocol (TCP/UDP) layer 618, and an application layer 620, which transfers data using the wireless link 130. The optional SDAP layer 614 is present in 5G NR networks. The SDAP layer 614 maps a quahty-of-service flow for each data radio bearer and marks quality-of-service flow identifiers in uplink and downlink data packets for each packet data session. The IP layer 616 specifies how the data from the application layer 620 is transferred to a destination node. The TCP/UDP layer 618 is used to verily that data packets intended to be transferred to the destination node reached the destination node, using either TCP or UDP for data transfers by the application layer 620. In some implementations, the user plane 602 may also include a data services layer (not shown) that provides data transport services to transport application data, such as IP packets including web-browsing content, video content, image content, audio content, or social media content.

[0091] The control plane 604 includes a Radio Resource Control (RRC) layer 624 and a Non- Access Stratum (NAS) layer 626. The RRC layer 624 establishes and releases connections and radio bearers, broadcasts system information, or performs power control. The RRC layer 624 also controls a resource control state of the user equipment 110 and causes the user equipment 110 to perform operations according to the resource control state. Example resource control states include a connected state (e.g., an RRC connected state) or a disconnected state, such as an inactive state (e.g., an RRC inactive state) or an idle state (e.g., an RRC idle state). In general, if the user equipment 110 is in the connected state, the connection with the base station 120 is active. In the inactive state, the connection with the base station 120 is suspended. If the user equipment 110 is in the idle state, the connection with the base station 120 is released. Generally, the RRC layer 624 supports 3GPP access but does not support non-3GPP access (e.g., WLAN communications). [0092] The NAS layer 626 provides support for mobility management (e.g., using a 5th- Generation Mobility Management (5GMM) layer 628) and packet data bearer contexts (e.g., using a 5th-Generation Session Management (5GSM) layer 630) between the user equipment 110 and entities or functions in the core network 150. The NAS layer 626 supports both 3GPP access and non-3GPP access.

[0093] In the user equipment 110, each layer in both the user plane 602 and the control plane 604 of the network stack 600 interacts with a corresponding peer layer or entity in the base station 120, a core network entity or function, and/or a remote service, to support user applications and control operation of the user equipment 110 in the RAN 140.

Dynamic Application-Based Resource Allocation for Radar Sensing

[0094] FIG. 7 illustrates an example transaction diagram 700 between the base station 120 and the user equipment 110 to implement aspects of dynamic application-based resource allocation for radar sensing. Optionally at 705, the user equipment 1 10 transmits a radar capability message 706 (e.g., a UERadarCapabilitylnformation message) to the base station 120. In some implementations, information elements of the radar capability message 706 can be incorporated into a UECapabilitylnformation message. The radar capability message 706 includes at least one available configuration 518 of the user equipment 110 for radar sensing (e.g., a possible configuration of the radar sensor 516). In some cases, the radar capability message 706 can include a look-up table that lists available configurations 518 and radar performance metrics 230 that the available configurations 518 can satisfy. The radar capability message 706 informs the base station 120 of the radar sensor 516’s capability.

[0095] At 710, the user equipment 110 launches and starts executing at least one radar-based application 220. For example, the user equipment 110 can launch and execute one or more of the radar-based applications 221, 222, 223, 224, or 225, as described with respect to FIG. 2. Each radar-based application 220 is associated with at least one radar performance metric 230. The user equipment 110 determines a current radar performance metric 310 based on the radar performance metric 230 associated with the one or more active radar-based applications 220, as described with respect to FIG. 3.

[0096] At 715, the user equipment 110 transmits the radar transmission request 410 to the base station 120. The radar transmission request includes information elements that specify the current radar performance metric 310 of the user equipment 110. In some implementations, the radar transmission request 410 is communicated as part of a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) or a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) signal. For the physical uplink control channel, the radar transmission request 410 can be multiplexed with other uplink control information (UCI), such as the channel quality indicator (CQI), the scheduling request (SR), or the hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) feedback. For the physical uplink shared channel, the radar transmission request 410 can be part of a MAC control element or puncture the physical uplink shared channel data tones.

[0097] In some cases, the user equipment 110 communicates a list of possible current radar performance metrics 310, such as through a look-up table in the radar capability message 706. In this case, the radar transmission request 410 can include an index to the look-up table to specify the cunent radar performance metric 310.

[0098] The radar transmission request 410 can be transmitted using a different frequency band than the frequency band used to transmit the radar signal 440. For example, the radar transmission request 410 can be transmitted using sub-6 GHz frequencies while the radar signal 440 is transmitted using frequencies associated with millimeter wavelengths (e.g., frequencies above 25 GHz)

[0099] At 720, the base station 120 allocates air interface resources for radar sensing and determines the radar operational configuration 420 based on the current radar performance metric 310, as described with respect to FIG. 4. As an example, the base station 120 can select, from the look-up table, an available configuration 518 that conforms with the physical wireless communication resources the base station 120 allocates to the user equipment 110 for radar sensing.

[0100] At 725, the base station 120 transmits the radar grant message 430 to the user equipment 110. The radar grant message 430 includes information elements that specify the radar operational configuration 420 determined at 720. The radar grant message 430 also grants the user equipment 110 permission to perform radar sensing according to the radar operational configuration 420. As mentioned previously with respect to FIG. 4, the radar operational configuration 420 may include various permutations of time, frequency, bandwidth, spatial, power, radar waveform, and other types of parameters.

[0101] At 730, the user equipment 110 performs radar sensing according to the radar operational configuration 420. For example, the user equipment 110 transmits the radar signal 440 and/or receives the reflected radar signal 470 using the radar operational configuration 420, as shown in FIG. 4. In particular, the radar control manager 514 can appropriately configure the radar sensor 516 according to the radar operational configuration 420 specified by the base station 120. Radar sensing can refer to monostatic radar sensing or bistatic radar sensing. [0102] At 735, the user equipment 110 optionally transmits a radar report message 736 to the base station 120. The radar report message 736 can include radar data (e.g., information about the object 460). The base station 120 can use the radar report message 736 to improve wireless communication performance. For example, the base station 120 can use the information about the object 460 to generate a map of the environment and model the propagation paths. Based on the modeled propagation paths, the base station 120 can adjust beamforming configurations to improve wireless communication performance (e.g., improve signal-to-noise ratios).

[0103] At 740, the user equipment 110 optionally transmits a radar revocation message 742 to the base station 120. The radar revocation message 742 informs the base station 120 that the user equipment 110 has completed radar sensing. In this way, the user equipment 110 can relinquish the granted resources back to the base station 120 (e.g., release the radar operational configuration 420). This situation may happen due to changing environmental or operating conditions. For example, if thermal temperatures are outside a specified range (e.g., due to solar loading or winter conditions), the user equipment 1 10 can determine that it is unable to perform radar sensing and transmit the radar revocation message 742. Additionally or alternatively, the user equipment 110 can transmit the radar revocation message 742 if the user equipment 110’s battery level, available memory, and/or processing capacity are below thresholds associated with or required for radar sensing. Also, if the user equipment 110 halts execution of the radar-based application 220, the user equipment 110 can transmit the radar revocation message 742 to the base station 120 to release the granted resources.

[0104] The user equipment 110 can also transmit the radar revocation message 742 if it determines that the radar operational configuration 420 does not meet the current radar performance metric 310 of the active radar-based application 220. This can happen in situations in which resources for radar sensing are limited or an external environment is congested. The user equipment 110 can also inform the user that radar sensing for the active radar-based application 220 is currently unavailable.

[0105] In some situations, the user equipment 110 launches and executes a radar-based application 220 that has a higher priority than other radar-based applications 220 or relates to user safety. In this case, the user equipment 110 can include the priority information to the base station 120 using the radar transmission request 410. By informing the base station 120 of the priority level associated with radar sensing, the base station 120 can grant the appropriate resources to the user equipment 110. In some cases, the base station 120 may revoke (not shown ) resources previously assigned to another user equipment 110 to enable the user equipment 110 with the higher priority' to have the necessary resources. [0106] In other situations, the base station 120 denies the user equipment 110 permission for performing radar sensing. This can occur if resources are unavailable or if interference levels are beyond a desired threshold. In this case, the radar grant message 430 can include information elements to inform the user equipment 110 that the radar transmission request 410 has been denied and optionally when to send (or not send) another radar transmission request 410 if the radarbased application 220 is still executing.

[0107] At 745, the base station 120 optionally transmits a radar release message 746 to the user equipment 110. The radar release message 746 directs the user equipment 110 to release the radar operational configuration 420. By way of explanation, the radar release message 746 revokes the user equipment 110’s previously -granted permission for performing radar sensing in accordance with the radar operational configuration 420.

[0108] Although not explicitly shown in FIG. 7, the base station 120 can configure aspects of the transmission of the radar transmission request 410. For example, the base station 120 can transmit another message to the user equipment 1 10, which specifies a minimum or maximum periodicity of the radar transmission request 410. Additionally or alternatively, this message can specify a timer associated with a radar transmission request 410. The timer can specify a maximum time interval in which the user equipment 110 is to send a radar transmission request 410. The timer can be reset upon each transmission of a radar transmission request 410. If the timer expires, the user equipment 110 transmits another radar transmission request 410.

[0109] FIG. 8 illustrates an example transaction diagram 800 between the base station 120 and two user equipment 110 (e.g., user equipment 111 and 112) to implement aspects of dynamic application-based resource allocation for radar sensing. In this situation, the base station 120 allocates resources for radar sensing according to radar-based applications 220 running on the user equipment 111 and 112.

[0110] In general, the steps 805 to 825 are similar to the steps described at 710 to 730 in FIG. 7. At 805, the user equipment 111 launches and starts executing a first radar-based application 221. The user equipment 111 also determines a first current radar performance metric 311 based on a first radar performance metric 231 of the first radar-based application 221. At 810, the user equipment 111 transmits a first radar transmission request 411, which includes the first current radar performance metric 311.

[0111] At 815, the base station 120 allocates air interface resources for radar sensing based on the first current radar performance metric 311 provided by the user equipment 111. The base station 120 also determines a first radar operational configuration 421 of the user equipment 111 based on the first current radar performance metric 311. At 820, the base station 120 transmits a first radar grant message 431 to the user equipment 111. The first radar grant message 431 includes the first radar operational configuration 421.

[0112] At 825, the user equipment 111 performs radar sensing according to the first radar operational configuration 421. The radar sensing at 825 can continue periodically in conformance with the first radar operational configuration 421. In general, the user equipment 110 performs radar sensing as long as the first radar-based application 221 continues executing and the radar grant is not revoked by the user equipment 111 (e.g., as shown at 742) or released by the base station 120 (e.g., as shown at 746).

[0113] At 830, the second user equipment 112 launches and starts executing a second radarbased application 222. The user equipment 112 also determines a second current radar performance metric 312 based on a second radar performance metric 232 of the second radarbased application 222. At 835, the user equipment 112 transmits a second radar transmission request 412, which includes the second current radar performance metric 312.

[0114] At 840, the base station 120 allocates physical wireless communication resources for radar sensing based on the second current radar performance metric 312 provided by the second user equipment 112. The base station 120 also determines a second radar operational configuration 422 of the second user equipment 112 based on the second current radar performance metric 312. In this case, the base station 120 determines that there are adequate resources to enable both of the user equipment 111 and 112 to perform radar sensing in a manner that satisfies the current radar performance metrics 311 and 312, respectively.

[0115] At 845, the base station 120 transmits a second radar grant message 432 to the second user equipment 112. The second radar grant message 432 includes the second radar operational configuration 422. At 850, the second user equipment 112 performs radar sensing according to the second radar operational configuration 422. The radar sensing at 850 can continue periodically in conformance with the second radar operational configuration 422. In general, the second user equipment 112 performs radar sensing as long as the second radar-based application 222 continues executing and the radar grant is not revoked by the second user equipment 112 (e.g., as shown at 742) or released by the base station 120 (e.g., as shown at 746).

[0116] Sometimes the base station 120 allocates resources for radar sensing based on the radar performance metrics 310 associated with multiple user equipment 110. For example, at 840, the base station 120 allocates resources for radar sensing based on the first current radar performance metric 311 of the user equipment 111 and the second current radar performance metric 312 of the second user equipment 112. If a conflict exists, the base station 120 can assign the resources in a manner that enables the user equipment 110 with the highest radar-sensing priority to have adequate resources.

[0117] In some situations, the base station 120 can change the resources that were previously allocated to the user equipment 111. In this case, the base station 120 can transmit a third radar grant message 433 to the user equipment 111 with a third radar operational configuration 423, as shown at 855. At 860, the user equipment 111 performs radar sensing according to the third radar operational configuration 423. In other situations, the base station 120 can transmit a different radar message (not shown) to release the first radar operational configuration 421 such that ongoing UE radar sensing 825 ceases.

Example Methods

[0118] FIGs. 9 and 10 depict example methods 900 and 1000 for performing operations of dynamic application-based resource allocation for radar sensing. In portions of the following discussion, reference may be made to the environments 200 and 400 of FIGs. 2 and 4, and entities detailed in FIG. 1 or 5, reference to which is made for example only. The techniques are not limited to perfonnance by one entity or multiple entities operating on one device.

[0119] At 902 in FIG. 9, the user equipment launches and executes a first application that utilizes radar sensing. For example, the user equipment 110 launches and starts executing a first radar-based application 220 that utilizes radar sensing (e.g., monostatic radar sensing, cooperative bistatic radar sensing, or non-cooperative bistatic radar sensing). The first radar-based application 220 can utilize radar sensing to detect gestures performed by a user as shown in environments 202, 204, and 206 of FIG. 2. Additionally or alternatively, the first radar-based application 220 can utilize radar sensing to enhance an augmented reality or a virtual reality, as shown in environment 208. In other cases, the first radar-based application 220 can utilize radar sensing to provide driving assistance and/or health monitoring, as described with respect to environment 210.

[0120] The user equipment 110 can determine a first radar performance metric 230 associated with the first radar-based application 220. The first radar performance metric 230 can include one or more mission-level or system-level requirements associated with radar sensing to support operation of the first radar-based application 220. An example radar performance metric 230 can specify a performance of the radar sensor 516, a charactenstic of a target of interest, and/or a characteristic of noise or clutter. The first radar performance metric 230 can represent a current radar performance metric 310 of the user equipment 110. In some cases, the user equipment 110 determines the first radar performance metric 230 responsive to the launching and executing of the first radar-based application 220.

[0121] At 904. the user equipment transmits, to a base station, a first radar transmission request that includes a first radar performance metric that supports operation of the first application. For example, the user equipment 110 transmits the radar transmission request 410 to the base station 120, as shown in FIGs. 4 and 7. The radar transmission request 410 includes the first radar performance metric 230 (e.g., the current radar performance metric 310), which supports operation of the first radar-based application 220. The radar transmission request 410 can be communicated as part of a PUCCH or PUSCH signal.

[0122] At 906, the user equipment receives a first radar grant message from the base station. The first radar grant message grants the user equipment permission to perform radar sensing in accordance with a first radar operational configuration. For example, the user equipment 110 receives the radar grant message 430 from the base station 120, as shown in FIGs. 4 and 7. The radar grant message 430 grants the user equipment 1 10 permission to perform radar sensing in accordance with a first radar operational configuration 420. The first radar operational configuration 420 configures the radar sensor 516 of the user equipment 110 in a way that satisfies the first radar performance metric 230 and utilizes resources that are assigned by the base station 120 to the user equipment 110 for radar sensing. The first radar operational configuration 420 can specify waveform parameters of the radar signal 440, a mode of operation of the radar sensor 516, and/or operational characteristics of the radar sensor 516.

[0123] At 908, the user equipment transmits a first radar signal using the first radar operational configuration. For example, the user equipment 110 transmits the radar signal 440 using the first radar operational configuration 420, as shown in FIGs. 4 and 7.

[0124] At 1002 in FIG. 10, the base station receives, from a user equipment, a first radar transmission request that includes a first radar performance metric that supports operation of a first application running on the user equipment. For example, the base station 120 receives a first radar transmission request 410 from the user equipment 110, as shown in FIGs. 4 and 7. The first radar transmission request 410 includes a first radar performance metric 230 that supports operation of the first radar-based application 220 running on the user equipment 110. In particular, the first radar performance metric 230 can include one or more mission-level or system-level requirements associated with radar sensing to support operation of the first radar-based application 220. An example radar performance metric 230 can specify a performance of the radar sensor 516, a characteristic of a target of interest, and/or a characteristic of noise or clutter. In this situation, the first radar performance metric 230 represents a current radar performance metric 310 of the user equipment 110.

[0125] The base station 120 can determine a first radar operational configuration 420 of the user equipment 110 based on the first radar performance metric 230, as shown in FIG. 7. The first radar operational configuration 420 configures the radar sensor 516 of the user equipment 110 in a way that satisfies the first radar performance metric 230 and utilizes resources that are assigned by the base station 120 to the user equipment 110 for radar sensing. The first radar operational configuration 420 can specify waveform parameters of the radar signal 440, a mode of operation of the radar sensor 516, and/or operational characteristics of the radar sensor 516.

[0126] At 1004, the base station transmits, to the user equipment, a first radar grant message granting the user equipment permission to perform radar sensing in accordance with a first radar operational configuration of the user equipment based on the first radar performance metric. For example, the base station 120 transmits the radar grant message 430 to the user equipment 110, as shown in FIGs. 4 and 7. The first radar grant message 430 grants the user equipment 110 permission to perform radar sensing (e.g., monostatic radar sensing, cooperative bistatic radar sensing, or non-cooperative bistatic radar sensing) in accordance with the first radar operational configuration 420 based on the first radar performance metric 230. In this way, the base station 120 can support aspects of dynamic application-based resource allocation to manage available resources, enable efficient utilization of radio-frequency spectrum resources for concurrent radar sensing and wireless communication, and control interference levels across multiple user equipment 110.

[0127] Methods 900 and 1000 are shown as sets of operations (or acts) performed but not necessarily limited to the order or combinations in which the operations are shown herein. Further, any of one or more of the operations may be repeated, combined, reorganized, skipped, or linked to provide a wide array of additional and/or alternate methods.

[0128] Some examples are provided below.

[0129] Example 1 : A method performed by a user equipment, the method comprising: launching and executing a first application that utilizes radar sensing; and transmitting, to a base station, a first radar transmission request that includes a first radar performance metric that supports operation of the first application.

[0130] Example 2: The method of example 1, wherein the first radar performance metric comprises a radar-sensing requirement that represents a mission-level or system-level performance requirement associated with the radar sensing. [0131] Example 3: The method of example 1 or 2. wherein the first radar performance metric specifies conditions for radar sensing that enable the first application to perform its function.

[0132] Example 4: The method of any previous example, wherein the first radar performance metric comprises at least one of the following: a field-of-view; a resolution threshold; an unambiguous condition; a level of accuracy; a false alarm rate; or a level of responsiveness.

[0133] Example 5: The method of any previous example, further comprising: receiving a first radar grant message from the base station, the first radar grant message granting the user equipment permission to perform the radar sensing in accordance with a first radar operational configuration; and transmitting a first radar signal using the first radar operational configuration.

[0134] Example 6: The method of example 5, wherein the first radar operational configuration is based on the first radar performance metric.

[0135] Example 7: The method of example 5 or 6, wherein the first radar operational configuration is such as to enable the user equipment to at least partially satisfy the first radar performance metric.

[0136] Example 8: The method of any one of examples 5 to 7, wherein the first radar operational configuration specifies one or more of a transmit power, bandwidth, radiation pattern, and beam-scanning pattern that at least partially satisfies the first radar performance metric. [0137] Example 9: The method of any one of examples 5 to 8, further comprising: halting execution of the first application; launching and executing a second application that utilizes the radar sensing; and transmitting, to the base station, a second radar transmission request including a second radar performance metric that supports operation of the second application.

[0138] Example 10: The method of example 9, further comprising: receiving a second radar grant message from the base station, the second radar grant message granting the user equipment permission to perform the radar sensing in accordance with a second radar operational configuration, the second radar operational configuration being different than the first radar operational configuration; and transmitting a second radar signal using the second radar operational configuration.

[0139] Example 1 1 : The method of any previous example, further comprising: launching and executing a third application that utilizes the radar sensing, the launching of the third application occurring during at least a same portion of time as the executing of the first application; and transmitting, to the base station, a third radar transmission request including a comprehensive radar performance metric that satisfies the first radar performance metric and a third radar performance metric that supports operation of the third application.

[0140] Example 12: The method of any previous example, further comprising: halting execution of the first application; and responsive to halting the execution of the first application, transmitting a radar revocation message to the base station to relinquish resources granted for the radar sensing.

[0141] Example 13: The method of any previous example, further comprising: receiving a radar release message from the base station, the radar release message directing the user equipment to release the first radar operational configuration. [0142] Example 14: A user equipment comprising: at least one antenna; at least one transceiver, at least one processor; and computer-readable storage media comprising instructions, responsive to execution by the at least one processor, for directing the user equipment to perform any one of the methods of examples 1 to 13.

[0143] Example 15: A method performed by a base station, the method comprising: receiving, from a user equipment, a first radar transmission request that includes a first radar performance metric that supports operation of a first application running on the user equipment; and transmitting, to the user equipment, a first radar grant message granting the user equipment permission to perform radar sensing in accordance with a first radar operational configuration for the user equipment based on the first radar performance metric.

[0144] Example 16: The method of example 15, the method comprising: receiving, from the user equipment, a second radar transmission request includes a second radar performance metric that supports operation of a second application running on the user equipment; and transmitting, to the user equipment, a second radar grant message granting the user equipment permission to perform the radar sensing in accordance with a second radar operational configuration for the user equipment based on the second radar performance metric.

[0145] Example 17: The method of example 16, the method comprising: prior to receiving the second radar transmission request, receiving a radar revocation message that releases the first radar operational configuration.

[0146] Example 18: The method of any one of examples 15 to 17, the further comprising: receiving, from the user equipment, a second radar transmission request that includes a second radar performance metric that supports operation of a second application running on the user equipment; and transmitting, to the user equipment, a second radar grant message granting the user equipment permission to perform the radar sensing in accordance with a second radar operational configuration for the user equipment based on the second radar performance metric.

[0147] Example 19: A base station compnsing: at least one antenna; at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one computer-readable storage media comprising instructions, responsive to execution by the processor, for directing the base station to perform any one of the methods of examples 15 to 18.

[0148] Example 20: A computer-readable storage media comprising instructions that, responsive to execution by a processor, cause an apparatus comprising the processor to perform any one of the methods of examples 1 to 13 or 15 to 18.

[0149] Example 21 : A method performed by a user equipment, the method comprising: launching and executing a first application that utilizes radar sensing; determining a first radar performance metric associated with the first application; transmitting a first radar transmission request to a base station, the first the radar transmission request includes the first radar performance metric; receiving a first radar grant message from the base station, the first radar grant message granting the user equipment permission to perform radar sensing in accordance with a first radar operational configuration; and transmitting a first radar signal using the first radar operational configuration. [0150] Example 22: The method of example 21. further comprising: halting execution of the first application; launching and executing a second application that utilizes radar sensing; determining a second radar performance metric associated with the second application, the second radar performance metric being different than the first radar performance metric; and transmitting a second radar transmission request to the base station, the second radar transmission request includes the second radar performance metric.

[0151] Example 23: The method of example 22, further comprising: receiving a second radar grant message from the base station, the second radar grant message granting the user equipment permission to perform radar sensing in accordance with a second radar operational configuration, the second radar operational configuration being different than the first radar operational configuration; and transmitting a second radar signal using the second radar operational configuration.

[0152] Example 24: The method of any one of examples 21 to 23, further comprising: launching and executing a third application that utilizes radar sensing, the launching of the third application occurring during at least a same portion of time as the executing of the first application; determining a third radar performance metric associated with the third application, the third radar performance metric being different than the first radar performance metric; determining a comprehensive radar performance metric that satisfies the first radar performance metric and the third radar performance metric; and transmitting a third radar transmission request to the base station, the third radar transmission request includes the comprehensive radar performance metric.

[0153] Example 25: The method of example 24, further comprising: receiving a third radar grant message from the base station, the third radar grant message granting the user equipment permission to perform radar sensing in accordance with a third radar operational configuration, the third radar operational configuration being different than the first radar operational configuration; and transmitting a third radar signal using the third radar operational configuration. [0154] Example 26: The method of any one of examples 21 to 25, wherein the first radar performance metric represents a radar-sensing requirement that supports operation of the first application.

[0155] Example 27: The method of any one of examples 21 to 26, wherein the first radar performance metric comprises at least one of the following: a field-of-view; a resolution threshold; an unambiguous condition; a level of accuracy; a false alarm rate; or a level of responsiveness.

[0156] Example 28: The method of any one of examples 21 to 27, further comprising: halting execution of the first application; and responsive to halting the execution of the first application, transmitting a radar revocation message to the base station to relinquish resources granted for radar sensing.

[0157] Example 29: The method of any one of examples 21 to 28, further comprising: receiving a radar release message from the base station, the radar release message directing the user equipment to release the first radar operational configuration.

[0158] Example 30: The method of any one of examples 21 to 29, wherein: the first radar grant message directs the user equipment to use a frequency band that is associated with radar sensing and wireless communication; and the transmitting of the first radar signal comprises transmitting the first radar signal using the frequency band.

[0159] Example 31 : The method of example 30, wherein the frequency band is associated with millimeter wavelengths.

[0160] Example 32: The method example 30 or 31, wherein the frequency band is a licensed frequency band. [0161] Example 33: The method of any one of examples 21 to 32, wherein the first application utilizes radar sensing to support: presence detection; gesture recognition; augmented reality; virtual reality; assisted driving; health monitoring; or wireless communication.

[0162] Example 34: A user equipment comprising: at least one antenna; at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and computer-readable storage media comprising instructions, responsive to execution by the at least one processor, for directing the user equipment to perform any one of the methods of examples 21 to 33.

[0163] Example 35: The user equipment of example 34, wherein: the at least one antenna, the at least one transceiver, and the at least one processor are jointly configured to support radar sensing and wireless communication.

[0164] Example 36: The user equipment of example 34, further comprising: a radar sensor configured to support radar sensing, wherein the at least one antenna, the at least one transceiver, and the at least one processor are jointly configured to support wireless communication.

[0165] Example 37: A method performed by a base station, the method comprising: receiving a first radar transmission request from a user equipment, the first radar transmission request includes a first radar performance metric associated with at least a first application running on the user equipment; determining a first radar operational configuration for the user equipment based on the first radar performance metric; and transmitting a first radar grant message to the user equipment, the first radar grant message granting the user equipment permission to perform radar sensing in accordance with the first radar operational configuration.

[0166] Example 38: The method of example 37, the method comprising: receiving a second radar transmission request from the user equipment, the second radar transmission request includes a second radar performance metric associated with a second application running on the user equipment; determining a second radar operational configuration for the user equipment based on the second radar perfonnance metric; and transmitting a second radar grant message to the user equipment, the second radar grant message granting the user equipment permission to perform radar sensing in accordance with the second radar operational configuration.

[0167] Example 39: The method of example 38, the method comprising: prior to receiving the second radar transmission request, receiving a radar revocation message that releases the first radar operational configuration.

[0168] Example 40: The method of example 37, the method comprising: receiving a second radar transmission request from the user equipment, the second radar transmission request includes a second radar performance metric associated with a second application running on the user equipment; determining a second radar operational configuration for the user equipment based on the first radar performance metric and the second radar performance metric; and transmitting a second radar grant message to the user equipment, the second radar grant message granting the user equipment permission to perform radar sensing in accordance with the second radar operational configuration. [0169] Example 41: The method of any one of examples 37 to 40, wherein: the user equipment comprises a first user equipment; and the method comprises: receiving a third radar transmission request from a second user equipment, the third radar transmission request includes a third radar performance metric associated with a third application running on the second user equipment; determining a third radar operational configuration for the second user equipment based on the third radar performance metric; and transmitting a third radar grant message to the second user equipment, the third radar grant message granting the second user equipment permission to perform radar sensing in accordance with the third radar operational configuration.

[0170] Example 42: The method of example 41, wherein: the determining of the third radar operational configuration for the second user equipment comprises determining the third radar operational configuration based on the third radar performance metric of the second user equipment and the first radar perfonnance metric of the first user equipment; and the method further comprises: determining a fourth radar operational configuration for the first user equipment based on the first radar performance metric of the first user equipment and the third radar performance metric of the second user equipment; and transmitting a fourth radar grant message to the first user equipment, the fourth radar grant message grating the first user equipment permission to perform radar sensing in accordance with the fourth radar operational configuration.

[0171] Example 43: The method of any one of examples 37 to 42, wherein the first radar operational configuration comprises at least one of the following: waveform parameters of a radar signal; a mode of operation of a radar sensor associated with the user equipment; or an operational characteristic of the radar sensor. [0172] Example 44: The method of any one of examples 37 to 43, wherein: the determining of the first radar operational configuration for the user equipment comprises determining a periodicity of radar transmission requests to be transmitted by the user equipment.

[0173] Example 45: A base station comprising: at least one antenna; at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one computer-readable storage media comprising instructions, responsive to execution by the processor, for directing the base station to perform any one of the methods of examples 37 to 44.

[0174] Example 46: A computer-readable storage media comprising instructions that, responsive to execution by a processor, cause an apparatus comprising the processor to perform any one of the methods of examples 21 to 33 or 37 to 44.

Conclusion

[0175] Although techniques using, and apparatuses including, dynamic application-based resource allocation for radar sensing have been described in language specific to features and/or methods, it is to be understood that the subject of the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or methods described. Rather, the specific features and methods are disclosed as example implementations of dynamic application-based resource allocation for radar sensing.