Field of the Invention

[0001] The present invention relates to a side-iight distribution system and, in particular, to an efficient side-iight distribution system having a size mismatch between an outlet port of a light source and an in!et port on a side-iight distribution member.

Background of the Invention

[0002] A typical lighting system comprises a light source and an elongated sidelight distribution member. A typical light source includes a light coupler governed by the laws of Etendue, to collect light emitted from a light emitter. The light source can comprise (1 ) at least one Sight emitting diode (LED), (2) a fiber optic system or (3) any other type of light emitter known to a person of ordinary skill in the art, in a typical system, light emitted from the light source is angularly transformed by the light coupler and directed toward a first end of a side-iight distribution member. The coupled light is transported through the side-iight distribution member by total interna! reflection (TIR). and a portion of light is extracted in a desired direction or directions by light-extraction means on the side-iight distribution member.

[0003] Some light is not extracted when it reaches the second end of the sidelight distribution member. Typically, a reflective means is placed at the second end of the side-iight distribution member to reflect the unextracted light back through the distribution member. Generally, the reflective mean is oriented at an angle that is not orthogonal to a main direction of propagation of light aiong the side-light distribution member. This boosts the angle of the light traveling back in the side-light distribution member, thereby increasing the opportunity for extracting fight on a second pass of light through the distribution member.

[0004] According to investigation b the present inventors, some portion of light reflected back from the second end of the side-Sight distribution member will again reach the first end of the side-iight distribution member. Typically, an outlet port of the light coupler is sized to match the first end of the side-light distribution member Typically, only about four percent of the iighi will be reflected back in the side-light distribution member due to Fresnel reflections. As discovered by the present inventors, the remaining light will couple into the light source and may be trapped or absorbed by the light source. The present inventors have determined that it is possible to make the side-light distribution member long enough so that the majority of iight, refiecied by the reflective means, is extracted on its way back into the distribution member. This minimizes the amount of iight re-coupling into the coupling member. However, in practice it is not always practical to make a long side-light distribution member due to size or cost constraints.

[0005] The present inventors have determined that it would be desirable, for increasing the efficiency of the side-light distribution system, to reduce the amount of light, reflected back through the side-light distribution member by the reflective means at the second end of the distribution member, from becoming trapped or absorbed by the iight source.

Summary of the Invention

[0006] A preferred embodiment of a side-Sight distribution system comprises a side-light distribution member having an elongated rod for receiving iight from a light source and a second end. The elongated rod includes an elongated sidewaii and a light-extraction means along at least part of the elongated sidewaii for extracting light through the sidewaii and distributing the light to one or more target areas. The light source supplies iight to the rod through an inlet port on the first end of the rod; the inlet port consists of a part of the surface area of the first end of the rod. The second end of the rod has an associated reflective means which receives light for receiving light from the first end of the rod and for directing iight towards the first end of the rod. At least part of the surface area of the first end outside of the inlet port includes a reflective means for receiving iight from the second end of the rod and directing the foregoing light towards the second end of the rod.

[0007] Beneficially, the foregoing side-light distribution system enjoys increased efficiency by reducing trapping or absorption by the Iight source of light, reflected back through the side-light distribution member by the reflective means at the second end of the distribution member.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0008] FIGS. 1 and 2 are identical side plan views of a prior art side-light distribution system, with respectively different light ray tracings investigated by the present inventors superposed thereon.

[0009] FIG. 3 is a side plan view of a side-light distribution system in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. [0010] FiG. 4 is an enlarged view of the !eft-shown end of the side-light distribution system of FiG. 3, with a portion removed to reveal cross-sectioned structures.

|0011] FiG. 5 is a simplified plan view of a first end of the side-light distribution system of FIG. 4 and associated reflective means, taken at the arrows marked FiG. 5 in F!G. 4.

[0012] FiG. 6 shows a simplified plan view of the first end of another side-light distribution system and reflective means, and is taken from the same perspective in reiation to FiG. 7 as the end view in FiG. 5 is taken in relation to the side plan view of FIG. 4.

[0013] FIG, 7 shows a portion of a side-light distribution system having two light sources for providing iight to a side-!ight distribution member.

Detailed Description of the invention

[0014] The following detailed description will proceed with reference to a particular illustrated embodiment. However, the embodiment shown on the drawings is presented only as an example of the claimed subject matter, and should be considered not as limiting the scope of the invention.

[0015] For the purpose of putting the present invention in perspective, prior art FIGS. 1 and 2 are first discussed. Prior art FIGS. 1 and 2 show the same side-light distribution system 100 in simplified form. System 100 inciudes a light source 12 that comprises a iight emitter 14 and a light coupler 18, which couples Sight from the light emitter 14 to a side-light distribution member 18 via an outlet port 13 of the fight coupler 16. The iight emitter 14 can comprise, for instance, one or more light emitting diodes (LEDs) 20, a metal haiide lamp, or any other form of suitable light emitter as wtl! be apparent to a person of ordinar skill in the art.

[0016] The illustrated Sight emitter 14 comprises one or more LEDs 20 mounted on a support 22, such as a printed-circutt board, and a lens 24 for focusing fight from the one or more LEDs 20.

[0017] The side-fight distribution member 18 includes light-extraction means 26 for extracting Sight from the member 18, such as light ray 28 in FIG. 1. Light- extraction means 28 extracts and distributes the iight from the side-light distribution member 18 in a direction that is generally perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the side-light distribution member 18. This is shown by Iight ray 28 in FIG. 1 exiting the member 8 in a straight down direction. [0018] Referring again to FIGS. 1 and 2, a ref!ective means 30 such as a mirror or other reflective material is applied to the right-shown second end 32 of side-light distribution member 18. A first end 34 of member 18 does not have a reflective means.

[0019] FIG. 2 iliustrates a situation where some tight originating from the light source 12 is not extracted from the side-light distribution member 18 by the light- extraction means 26. Thus, FiG. 2 shows a light ray 36 originating from the light source 12 and traveling !eft-io-righi. Light ray 36 reaches reflector 30 at the second end of the side-light distribution member 18, and is reflected back to the ieft as light ray 38, As discovered by the present inventors, tight ra 38 is representative of various light rays that are not extracted from member 18 by the light-extraction means 28, but instead passes back into light coupler 16. As further discovered by the present inventors, Sight ray 38 is highly susceptible to being wasted due to either (1 ) being scattered or absorbed by the light coupler 16, or (2} being absorbed by the light emitter 14.

[0020] Based on the foregoing investigations and discovery of the source of reduced light efficiency for the side-light distribution system 00 of FIGS. 1 and 2, the present inventors have devised a way to reduce the waste of fight and thereby increase overall efficiency.

Reducing waste of light by absorption in the light source

[0021] Thus _s referring to FIGS. 3 and 4, showing a preferred embodiment of the claimed side-light distribution system, a light source 40 comprises (1 ) a light emitter 42 having one or more LEDs 44 mounted on a support 45, such as a printed-cireuii board and a lens 84 for focusing light from the one or more LEDs 44 and (2) a light coupler 48.

[0022] The light coupler 46 angularly transforms the light received from the light emitter 42 and couples the light into a side-light distribution member 48. The light coupler 46 may be physically joined to side-light distribution member 48 such as with index-matching optical adhesive, or by being integrally and gap!essiy joined together with homogeneous materia!, such as would result from being formed together in the same mold.

[0023] As shown by FIGS. 3 and 4, the size of the first end of the light coupler 46 is small relative to the size of the first end SO of side-light distribution member 48. A reflective means 58, which may be in the form of an annular band as shown, is provided on a part of the first end 50 of the member 48. Reflective means 58 has a reflective surface facing into the side-Sight distribution member 48, in a preferred embodiment, reflective means 58 covers at least 50 percent of the surface area of first end 50. in another example, the reflective means covers af least 95 percent of the surface area of first end 50. Other variations in percentages for the reflective means can be readily selected by a person of ordinary ski!; in the art based on the present specification. In yet another preferred embodiment as shown in FIGS. 3-5, the reflective means 58 covers the entire surface area of the first end 50 outside of the inlet port of member 48 associated with bracket 60 (FSG, 4 and 5).

[0024] As more dearly shown in enlarged FIG, 4, member 48 has a light inlet port bounded by bracket 60, which is coextensive with an outlet port of the light coupler 48, also bounded by bracket 60. The light iniet port on first end 50 is that part of the surface of the first end SO that receives light from the light coupler 46. Preferably, the iniet port overlaps at ieast 90, and more preferably at least 95, percent of the outlet port of the light coupler 46.

[0025] In one example, the inlet port associated with bracket 60 (FIG. 4) of the first end 50 of the side-Sight distribution member 48 is less than 90 percent of the surface area of the first end 50 of member 48. In another example, the inlet port may be as small as practical, for instance, in one example, it may approximately as small as about one percent of the surface area of the first end 50. In other examples, the surface area percentage occupied by the inlet port of member 48 may be as low as about five percent or 10 percent or 20 percent or 30 percent or 40 percent or 50 percent of the surface area of the first end 50. In other examp!es, the surface area percentage occupied by the inlet port may be as low as about 60 percent or 70 percent or 80 percent of the surface area of the first end 50 of the side-light distribution member 48.

[0026] The inlet port associated with bracket 60 (FIGS. 4 and 5) may be centered on the first end 50 of the side-light distribution member 48, as shown in FSG. 5. As shown in FIG. 5, reflective means 58, in accordance with one example, surrounds the inlet port associated with bracket 60. Alternatively, though not shown, the inlet port may be positioned off center on the first end 50 of the rod. For example, relative to a longitudinal axis {not shown} of member 48, an outer edge of the outlet port of the light coupler 46 (FSG. 4} associated with bracket 60 may be tangent to an outer edge of the first end 50 of member 48. In this arrangement, an outer edge of the inlet port is also tangent to the outer edge of the first end 50. Beneficiaiiy, such an arrangement typicaSiy aSlows a more compact profile of the side-light distribution system, and may simplify inter-arrangement of the various parts of the side-light distribution system during manufacturing.

Operation

|0027] Referring again to FSG, 3, in operation, Sight received by the first end 50 of the side-light distribution member 48 is transported towards the second end 52 of member 48, typicaiiy by totally intema!iy reflecting on the sidewaiis {e.g„ top and bottom sidewaiis) of member 49,

[0028 ^* 1 Light ray 53 does not strike light-extraction means 5Θ on its first transit from first end 50 to second end 52 of member 48. Rather, light ray 53 reaches, and is reflected back towards first end 50 as light ray 54, by reflective means 64, which is associated with the second end 52 of member 48, in order to redirect light back towards the first end 50. Reflective means 64 can be a reflective sticker or reflective paint applied to the second end 52, or a mirror. Other variations for a reflective means will be readily apparent to a person of ordinary skill in the art. In another embodiment, the reflective means 64 can be piaced adjacent to the second end 52 of member 48. The particular light ray 54 beneficially reaches, and reflects from reflective means 58, so as to be directed towards the second end 52 of member 48 as light ray 55. Light ray 55 reflects from the bottom of member 48 so as to reach light-extraction means 58, from which it is directed, for instance, straight down and out the bottom side of member 48.

[0029] Referring to FIG. 3, the reflective means 58 applied on the first end 50 of member 48 receives some of the unextracted light (unnumbered) directed by the reflective means 64 on the second end 52 of member 48, With respect to the reflective means 58, persons of ordinary skill in the art typicaiiy cover a first end of a side-light distribution member with the outlet of a Sight source so that the member receives maximum light, and thus placing a reflective means 58 on the first end of member 48, as contemplated by the present inventors, would be counterintuitive for such persons of ordinary ski!!. Reflective means 58 also receives other light {not shown) scattered by various means within member 48 and directed towards the first end 50, Beneficially, the reflective means 58 reflects the impinging light back into side-light distribution member 48, increasing the chances of extracting light by the light-extraction means 56 when traveling again through the member 48. This results in increased efficiency of the claimed side-light distribution system.

[0030] FiG. 5 shows in simplified form a portion of the embodiment of FIGS. 3-4 in which the side-light distribution system 200 of these figures includes the side-light distribution member 48 (FIGS. 3-4} having the first end 50, the inlet port associated with bracket 60, and the reflective means 58 covering the entire surface area of the first end 50 outside of the iniet port of member 48 (FiGS. 3-4) associated with bracket 60.

Multiple light sources

[0031] !n contrast with FiG. 5, FIG, 8 shows in simplified form a portion of another embodiment in which a side-fight distribution system includes a side-light distribution member having multip!e, for example, two, inlet ports 72 and 74 for receiving light from two separate light sources. Thus, FIG. 7 shows a part of a sidelight distribution system 300 having two light sources 76 and 78 for providing light to a first end SO of a side-light distribution member 82. Light sources 78 and 78 may have the same construction as fight source 40 of FIGS. 3 and 4, The omitted right- hand side of side-Sight distribution system 300 may have the same construction as the right-hand side of side-iight distribution system 200 of FIG. 3.

[0032] The above description of the embodiment of FIGS. 3 and 4 also applies to the embodiment of FIGS. 6 and 7, except thai the two inlet ports 72 and 74 of FIG. 8 substitute for the single inlet port associated with bracket 60 in FIGS, 4 and 5. Thus, for instance, the above description of th size of the foregoing singie Inlet port relative to the surface area of the first end 50 of side-iight extraction member 48 applies to the embodiment of FIGS. 6 and 7, except that the aggregate area of the two inlet ports 72 and 74 (FIG. 8} substitutes for the area of the foregoing singie inlet port.

[0033] Additional details of a light coupler, a side-iight distribution member and light-extraction means are set forth below.

Light coupler

[0034] Light coupler 46 (FIG. 4} and the light couplers shown diagrammatical!y in light sources 76 and 78 of FIG, 7 preferably each has an interiorly-directed reflective means that receives light from a light emitter and transmits that light towards a respective "inlet port" of the side-iight distribution member as that term is used herein. The reflective means is typically specular if the light coupler is hollow, or of the TIR-type if the light coupler is solid (T!R meaning Total interna! reflection).

[0035] Typically, a light coupler, which may be at least approximately governed by the rules of non-imaging optics, has a profile that changes from the inlet end toward the outlet end to condition the angular distribution of light provided to a rod- shaped side-light distribution member. That is, as light propagates through the light coupler, its angular distribution changes, !n addition, the interior surface of a solid light coupler may be configured to aid in the conditioning of Sight provided to a rod- shaped side-light distribution member.

|0036] An alternative to using Sight coupler 46 in FiGS, 3 and 4 is to supply light to side-Sight distribution member 48 by a fiberoptic cable or other Sight source, by way of example.

Side-Light Distribution Member

[0037] The side-light distribution members 48 and 82 shown in F!GS. 3 and 7, respectively, preferabiy each comprises an elongated rod. By "elongated" it is meant being long in relation to width or diameter, for instance, where the long" dimension can be both aiong a straight path or a curved path. The side-iight distribution member may be made of an optically dear piastic material, such as polycarbonate or acrylic, or g!ass or any other suitable materia! known to a person of ordinary skill.

[0038] The elongated rod has an elongated sidewail and Sight-extraction means along at feast pari of the elongated sidewail for extracting fight through the sidewail and distributing said light to a targei area. At least, the part of the side-iight distribution member having light-extraction means is preferably solid, although there may exist in the arrangement smaii voids caused b manufacturing processes, for instance, voids that have insubstantiai impact on the side-light light-extraction and distribution properties of the side-iight distribution member.

[0039] A side-light distribution member as used herein has a cross section along a main axis of light propagation through the rod that is more round than flat. For example, the minimum cross-sectional dimension is preferabiy more than 50 percent of the maximum cross-sectionai dimension from (1 ) the first end 50 to a second end 52 of side-iight distribution member 48, as shown in FiG. 3 and (2) from the first end 80 to a second end of side-light distribution member 82, as shown in F!G. 7, in a preferred embodiment, the cross-section of the side-Sight distribution member is substantially circular, but is not limited to such shape. Alternatively, the cross-section can be oval, half-round, square, rectangular, star-shaped, or have any other cross- sectionai shapes readily apparent to a person of ordinary ski in the art.

[0040] Preferabiy, a side-light distribution member is rigid, by which is meant that at 20 degrees Celsius the arrangement has a self-supporting shape such that the side-light distribution member returns to its original or approximately original (e.g., linear or curved) shape after being bent along a main path of light propagation through the side-light distribution member. |0041] The side-Sight distribution members 48 (F!GS. 3-4) and 82 (FIG. 7} may have a nearly constant cross-sectional area, as shown in FIG, 3 and FIG. 7, respectively, or may have a cross-sectional area that varies {1 } between the first end 50 and the second end 52 of such member 48 and (2) between the first end 80 and second end of member 82 respectively.

[0042] FIG. 3 also shows the light-extraction means 56 on side-light distribution member 48. Ughi-extraciion means 56 and light-extraction means (not shown in the other embodiment of FIG. 7) are explained as follows.

Light-Extraction Means

[0043] Light-extraction means may be of various types whose selection will be routine to those of ordinary skill in the art. For instance, three types of light-scattering means are disclosed in USP 7,163,326, entitled "Efficient Side-light Lumtnaire with Directional Side-light-Extraction," assigned to Energy Focus, Inc. of Solon, Ohio. In brief, these three types are (1 ) discontinuities on the surface of a side-light distribution member, {2} a layer of paint on the surface of a side-iight distribution member, and (3) a vinyl sticker applied to the surface of a side-light distribution member.

10044] In more detail, (1 ) discontinuities on the surface of a side-light distribution member may be formed, for instance, by creating a textured pattern on the side-light distribution member surface by molding, by roughening the side-light distribution member surface with chemical etchant, or by making one or more notches in the side of a side-light distribution member,

[0045] In another example, the light-extraction means may comprise a layer of paint exhibiting Larnbertian-scattering and having a binder with a refractive index about the same as, or greater than that of, the core. Suitable light-extraction particles are added to the paint, such as titanium dioxide or many other materials as will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. Preferabiy, the paint is an organic solvent-based paint.

10046] In yet another example, the light-extraction means may comprise vinyl sticker material in a desired shape applied to the surface of the side-light distribution member. Appropriate vinyl stickers have been supplied by Avery Graphics, a division of Avery Denntson of Pasadena, Calif. The film is an adhesive white vinyl film of 0.148 mm, typically used for baeklit signs.

[0047] In another example, the light-extraction means may be continuous, intermittent, or both, along the length of a side-light distribution member, for instance. An intermittent pattern is shown in the above-mentioned USP 7,163,326 in Fig. 15A, for instance. To assure that the light-extraction means appears as continuous from the point of view of the observer in a target area to be i!!uminated, the target area should be spaced from the side-light distribution member in the foiiovving manner: the spacing should be at least five times the iength of the largest gaps between adjacent portions of paint or other light-extraction means along the main path of TiR light propagation through the side-Sight distribution member.

[0048] Additionally, the foregoing !ight-extraction patterns may be of the specuia type, scattering type, or a combination of both. Generally, a scattering extractor pattern for light on an elongated side-light distribution member tends to provide light onto a target area, along the iength of the side-iight distribution member, with a moderate degree of directional control over the iight in the iength direction. In the direction orthogonal to the length, the scattering extractor pattern density and the cross sectional shape of the elongated side-iight distribution member provide a smooth target distribution that is free of localized spatial structure but still provides good directional control. Scattering extractor patterns are relatively insensitive to fabrication errors.

[0049] In contrast, as used herein, a specular extraction pattern can provide light aiong the length of a side-iight distribution member with more localized control than can a scattering extraction pattern.

[0050] In one example, the extraction means may also be a scattering or a specuiar paint or tape, in either a solid or generally chirped pattern with varying density. In another example, the extraction means may be a cut or a notch.

[0051] In another example, light-extraction means may have constant width but vary in density, where the light-extraction means may be denser farther away from the Iight source, in another example, the iighi-extraction means may be not reguiarly spaced.

[0052] The following is a list of reference numerals and associated parts as used in this specification and drawings:

Reference Numeral Part I

12 Light source

13 Outlet port

14 Light emitter

[0053 The terms "about" and "substantially" as used in the specification take into account manufactunng variations as understood by a person of ordinary skill in the art and, thus, the numerical percentages prefaced by the foregoing terms should be interpreted as including manufacturing variations.

[0054] While the principles of the invention have been described herein, if is to be understood by those skied in the art that this description is made only by way of example and not as a limitation as to the scope of the invention. Other embodiments are contemplated within the scope of the present invention in addition to the exemplary embodiments shown and described herein. Modifications and substitutions by one of ordinary ski!l in the art are considered to be within the scope of the present invention, which is not to be iimited except by the following claims.