Field of the Invention

The present invention generally relates to engines, turbines, pumps that transform the speed and pressure of fluids into work or convert existing work to fluid speed or pressure.

The present invention also relates to mechanical compressors or engines capable of compressing pressure-generating fluids, including a bidirectional impeller.

The invention also discloses a two-engine system. The first of these engines is a classical engine. The second is an engine performing compression without a mechanical compressor and contains only one turbine. The inventive bidirectional impeller relates to a system in which it assumes the functions of a impeller, a compressor and two turbines.

State of the Art

In the state of the art, there are pumps that compress the fluid air by accelerating, or turbines that convert the power of the compressed air into work by accelerating the same, or engines consisting of a combination of both. Such engines generally use centrifugal force for pressure velocity cycle. Said engines use centrifugal impellers or propellers propelling the velocity by orienting, or a wide variety of combinations of the two. Said engines have been produced in many different shapes and features according to various flow, pressure and speed requirements since they have wide usage area. In addition to configuring the requirement, it is constantly being developed to increase efficiency, to reduce production costs by having a lighter weight, to occupy less volume, and to obtain better efficiency of the movements of the fluids.

There are various variations of fans and turbines that operate by taking advantage of the speed of the air. When we consider the air flow direction, we can mention propellers, fans or turbines that give axial or vertical flow or are formed with various combinations of these. The flow direction of the air is parallel to the axis in the axial fans, whereas it is perpendicular to the axis in centrifugal fans. Centrifugal fans operate with centrifugal force. There are also tangential inlets and outlets in the fans. The inventive impeller is a bidirectional impeller and has an effective use in the engine, which will be explained in detail below. It can be used in existing tools for many types of propellers or impellers by means of its bidirectional use.

Aim of the Invention

The present invention is an advanced impeller for use in the above-mentioned fans and engines, it relates to the use of a fan impeller, impeller or their blades in an engine with impeller.

The invention specifically aims to develop an impeller with blades that allow the bidirectional use of said impeller.

The main aim of the invention is to develop a high-efficiency impeller that can be used for fans, turbines and engines, and an impeller engine that can work with this impeller.

Another aim of the invention is to develop an impeller that allows the inventive impeller to receive the air from the outside in the most effective way at every point of the inlet and to remove the trapped gases in the opposite direction to the fan's rotation direction at every point, and thus to be used as an impeller that turns low speed into pressure and gives out the same efficiently.

Another aim of the invention is to develop a bidirectional impeller that allows the air coming out of the impeller so as to exit at the lowest speed, leaving its energy in the impeller or converting the same into pressure.

Another aim of the invention is to develop an impeller, suitable for use with fan, turbine or fan engines.

Another aim of the invention is to develop an impeller that reduces the narrowness of the air inlet in the centrifugal (vertical flow, radial) fans with its two-layer structure, and increases the blade speed at the inlet and outlet.

Another aim of the invention is to develop an impeller that ensures that there is a fan, turbine or compressor that cuts the air at an equal speed at every point by reducing the imbalance in the inlets of the axial and vertically exiting fans with its two vertical and tangential inlets. Another aim of the invention is to develop a bidirectional impeller for fans, radial fans, turbines and engines that can be easily connected in parallel and in series.

Another aim of the invention is to develop an impeller that saves space as well as allows many engines to be connected in parallel by carrying the pipes of the impeller engine extending from the center to the outside.

There is a pressure increase proportional to the temperature in a closed region of the inventive engine. There is an air exchange between said pressure increase zone and said impeller. The invention is an impeller that is developed to convert this air flow into work. It is necessary to use turbines so as to convert this air flow into work without said impeller. This requires more tools and movement transmission organs between these tools. Furthermore, energy losses occur due to turbulences and aerodynamic obstacles at the inlet and outlet of the air. Said impeller both creates a closed area and increases the pressure in said closed area, and converts the movement of the air entering and exiting this area into work. Also, if necessary, this impeller assumes a part of the turbine function together with the turbines in the closed area.

Brief Description of Drawings

Figure 1 , is a general view of a model of the inventive bidirectional impeller.

Figure 2, is a view of the inventive bidirectional impeller assembled to a fan or turbine.

Figure 3, is a general view of a model of the inventive bidirectional impeller.

Figure 4, is a structural view of a model of the inventive bidirectional impeller built-in the vessel of a fan, turbine, or gas turbine

Figure 5, is a general view of a closed top model of the inventive bidirectional impeller.

Figure 6, is a structural view of the model of the inventive bidirectional impeller built-in the vessel of a fan, turbine.

Figure 7 shows a single-cycle impeller engine cycle graphically.

Figure 8 shows a two-cycle impeller engine cycle graphically. Figure 9 shows a closed model of the inventive bidirectional impeller in a two-cycle engine with a two-cycle impeller.

Figure 10 shows the open model of the inventive bidirectional impeller as built into a two- cycle impeller engine.

Figure 11 shows a marked representation of the pressure, temperature and volumes used in the calculations of various regions on the single-cycle engine shown in figure 7.

Figure 12 is a PV (Pressure-Volume) diagram of the single-cycle engine shown in Figure 7.

Reference List

C: bidirectional impeller

C1 : closed top bidirectional impeller

C2: open-top bidirectional impeller

40: combustion zones

21 : forward curved entry blade (when rotated clockwise)

22: backward curved blade (when rotated clockwise)

30 a fan body

31 fan inlets (when rotated clockwise)

32 fan outlet (when rotated clockwise)

M2: An engine with impeller, including bidirectional impeller

50 Compressor

53 turbine-3

51 turbine-1

52 turbine-2

70 classical impeller

61 feedback pipe-1

62 feedback pipe-2

The vertical dashed lines show the reserved air passing through turbine-1 .

Horizontal dashed lines show the burnt gases going to turbine-2. Detailed Description of the Invention

In this detailed description, the preferred configurations of the inventive engine and the bidirectional impeller (C1 , C2) used in it is explained only to illuminate the subject, without creating any limiting effect.

The inventive bidirectional impeller (C1 , C2) which is shown in different configurations in Figure 1 and Figure 3, has been developed considering the structure of the existing centrifugal fan impellers. It is a new impeller model formed by the combination of forward inclined blades (21 ) and rear inclined blades (22) on said centrifugal fan impellers on the same axis. However, in the classical forward inclined fan, the forward inclinations of the blades are located at the outlet, while in the inventive impeller (C1 , C2), they are located at the inlet. In other words, although said compound is similar in shape, its functional combination is different. And it is based on a different operating principle.

In some of the backward inclined centrifugal fans in the state of the art, the blade slopes continue up to the center. And it forms a forward inclined inlet in the center. In the inventive bidirectional impeller, the forward inclined inlet is moved from the center of the impeller to its outer surface.

The blades are bent towards the center oriented to the base and gain a forward-oriented inclination at the base in some centrifugal fans, which are also in the state of the art. Turbines and compressors of current turbochargers are made forward inclined like an axial fan at the base. The air is directed 90 degrees by the blades starting from the inlet. In the inventive impeller, it takes the air from the outside by means of the forward inclined inlet blade (21 ) and gives it out by means of the backward inclined blade (22) and the blades (21 , 22) push the air 180 degrees. A similar operating principle is seen in turbines called Francis turbines. In said turbine, there is an outward air outlet after taking the air from the outside and inclined back at the base of 90 degrees.

Generally, fans act as turbines when reverse pressure fluid is supplied to the fans. The inventive bidirectional impeller (C) is suitable to operate both as a compressor and as a turbine, with its double-sided use.

When the Tangential fans in the state of the art are compared with the inventive bidirectional impeller (C); the blades in said tangential fan are forward inclined at both the inlet and outlet. Whereas, in the inventive bidirectional impeller (C), the forward inclined inlet blades (21 ) are oriented forward at the inlet and the backward inclined blades (22) are oriented towards the rear at the exit.

Tangential fans and forward inclined fans blow air through the structure of the outer container. They cannot rotate when exposed to a wind or a flow in the absence of any outer container or without a special container for their structure. The inventive impeller (c) can be operated without any fan housing. Thus, they act like axial fans. It takes air from the fan inlet (31 ) and gives the air from the fan outlet (32). The inventive bidirectional impeller (C) blows air when it rotates without a container, or it can rotate when exposed to the wind.

The inventive impeller (C) has a feature such that it takes the air from the outer surface of the impeller (C) box with the forward inclined inlet blades (21 ) on the inlet side in pumps, fans and compressors, again, it sends the fluid to the back of the impeller by means of the backward inclined outlet blades (22).

In another embodiment of said impeller (C), it provides rotation while drawing the pressurized fluid, and it also has the feature to rotate the bidirectional impeller (C) by spraying the fluid back with the backward inclination of the outlet blades (22) by means of the forward inclination of the inlet blades (21 ) on the inlet side in turbines.

Furthermore, it is in a structure that can rotate the impeller with its ability to compress, and the outlet blades (22) inclined backwards at the exit by taking the air inside with the forward inclination in the inlet blades (21 ) in said gas turbines and impeller engines.

Also, they start with an axial inlet and continue vertically in turbochargers and new models of compressors in the state of the art. The inlet structure perpendicular to the axis is in the form of the axial fans from the base region in turbines of said devices.

If combustion occurs in the combustion zone (40) in the center of the bidirectional impeller (C), or if heating is made, it starts to operate with the gas turbine logic after the first movement. It is distinguished from the impeller models in the state of the art with this aspect. In other words, if we want to use the inventive bidirectional impeller (C) as a gas turbine, as can be seen in figure 10, the first half can operate as a compressor with the inlet part up to the center, the outlet can operate as a turbine. Thus, a single impeller (C) can perform two operations simultaneously. Certainly, it can be made with two elements, one compressor and one turbine as in the current gas turbines. The inlet (31 ) and outlet (32) points of the impeller engine in which the inventive bidirectional impeller (C) is used, have fan and turbine functions. Thus, the inventive bidirectional impeller (C) is suitable for use in the engine with its advanced features.

Single-cycle engine graphics are given in Figure 7; double-cycle engine graphics are given in Figure 8. The compressor (50) and the outlet turbine (53) in these graphics have the turbocharging function in the engines and enable the engine to operate with more air. The work in the engine is obtained from classical-turbine-1 (51 ) and classical-turbine-2 (52). The classical impeller (70) in the center provides the air transfer between them. The feature that distinguishes these engines from other engines is that they do not have an extra mechanical compressor. Some air accumulates in the area where the turbines (51 , 52) are located in this equipment. Fresh air burning in the combustion zone (40) always pushes this air, they run the turbines (51 , 52) through the feedback pipes (61 , 62) and compress the incoming air.

When the bidirectional impeller (C2) given in Figure 5 is used in the impeller engine, it can alone perform the duties of the compressor (50), impeller (70), turbine-1 (51 ) and turbine-3 (53). Fresh gases are indicated by hollow arrows in these charts. The grey arrows from the combustion zone (40) indicate the burnt gases regarding the air burned in the combustion chamber (40). The frequency of the arrows indicates the type and amount of gases between the classical impeller (70) blades.

An impeller engine (M2) model of an impeller engine whose working graph is given in Figure 7, Figure 8 and Figure 6, designed with the bidirectional impeller (C1 /C2) is shown in figures 9 and 10. Figure 9 is the closed top view of said impeller engine (M2), and Figure 10 is the open-top view of the impeller engine (M2). A single bidirectional impeller (C) is used instead of the compressor (50), conventional impeller (70) and conventional turbines (51 , 52, 53) in such two-engine type (M2). The structure and operation of the engine mentioned in Figure 11 :

In Figure 11 , the pressures (P) and volumes (V) in various parts of the engine is marked so as to show the operation of the engine with the impeller. The PV diagram of this engine is shown in Figure 12.

The inventive impeller engine consists of two engine components. The conventional impeller (70) built into this engine transfers air between the components of the two engines. The first engine has a compressor (50) and a turbine (53). The second engine has only the turbine (51 ). The impeller carries air between the inlet and outlet of the turbine (51 ) in this engine. Thus, it is an engine without a compressor. However, there is compression in said impeller engine. This compression is made by the exhaust gases of the turbine (51 ). The compression is equal to P5 in this engine. P5 is H5/H2*P2. Because the pressure has increased proportionally with the temperature in n the closed area where the input and output are equal. Thus, combustion in the high-pressure area passes through the turbine (51 ) and the exhaust gases directly compress the fresh gases in this engine. This is a new compression method. However, the compression phase of the compressor or piston compresses the fresh gases with the energy obtained from the operation of the turbine or piston in conventional engines. The turbine (51 ) has no compressor with this method, and the turbine (51 ) is smaller than the turbine of conventional engines. Furthermore, the compression phase of the piston is eliminated and/or the operating time of the piston is reduced in piston engine.

An engine with a turbine can be a second engine in any engine. Here, an illustrative model is designed around an impeller to show the existence of this engine. Formulas of compression engine work proportional to this temperature will be presented. Whereas, more compression can be obtained with the power of the heated gas. The exhaust gases flow backwards to the fresh gases, and the burnt gases go over the unburned gases in this engine. This is a mode of operation not found in conventional engines.

When Figure 11 and Figure 12 are examined together, the operation of said engine is as follows, step by step. 1 . The compressor (50) compresses the gases into the active chamber between the blades of a impeller (70), the volume decreases from V1 to V2, the pressure rises from P1 to P2. “Win1 ” in figure 12

2. The gases in the active chamber pass through the closed space with pressure P2.

3. Exhaust gases enter this active chamber and the volume of fresh gases decreases from V2 to V3 and the pressure rises from P2 to P3. “Win 2” in Figure 12

4. There are fresh gases and exhaust gases inside the active chamber and pass through the closed area with P3 pressure.

5. Combustion occurs in the active chamber and the gases are heated and the volume of fresh gases increases from V3 to V2, the pressure rises from P3 to P4. “Qin” in Figure 12

6. The burnt gases in the active chamber push the exhaust gases inside towards the turbine. The gas pressure in the active chamber drops from P4 to P5.

7. In Article 6, the gases pushed by the combustion gases drive the turbine (51 ) from pressure P4 to P3. “Wout2” in Figure 12

The gases at the turbine exit compress the gases in the incoming chamber from P2 to P3. “Win 2” in Figure 12

8. The active chamber passes through the closed area with the P5 pressure.

9. The hot gases in the active chamber drive the turbine (53) of the first engine. The pressure drops from P5 to P6. “Woutl ” in Figure 12 Meanwhile, the temperature of the exhausted gases is "Qout" in figure 12.

10. The active room enters a new cycle by crossing the closed space.

In this cycle, items 3 to 7 belong to the second engine and the fresh gases are compressed from P2 to P3 by the exhaust gases of the first engine turbine. The compression here, namely pressure P3, is equal to the pressure P5 of the gases going to the second turbine (53).

The second engine is actually powered by a deposit of gas pushed by heated or burning gases, and the work produced with this engine corresponds to the area shaded with vertical dashed lines in figure 12. The work produced with the first engine is marked with horizontal dashed lines. The engine (M2) mentioned in Figure 7 and Figure 8 fulfills the features of the engine mentioned in Figure 7 and Figure 11 . However, the classical impeller (40) fulfills the functions of both the compressor (50) and turbines (51 , 52, 53) by the bidirectional impeller features of said engine. Although not shown in the pictures, the compressor (50) and turbines (51 , 52, 53) are also used in the engine where the inventive bidirectional impeller (C) is used. In this case, it can process gases at higher pressures and significant energy savings are achieved. Formulas and calculation of the engine in Figure 11 : The general gas law

P * V = n * R * T can be calculated with the above formula.

Abbreviations in these formulas are as follows;

P: pressure, V: volume, n= number of molecules, R: ideal gas constant, ^A : exponential sign, y: heat capacity ratio

The parameters required to calculate the work of the engine are as shown in figure 11 : P1 (outdoor pressure), T1 (outdoor temperature), V1 (outdoor volume of air taken into a room), V2 (volume of a room), P5 (pressure of gases in the room before the turbine (3)).

Calculated parameters:

N: the mole amount of gases taken into a room,

P2: outlet pressure of the compressor (50),

P3: outlet pressure of turbine-1 (51 ),

P4: Pressure of burnt gases before turbine-1

T4: pre-work temperature of the burnt gases n=P1V1 / T1 R

P2=P1*(V1/V2) ^A Y

P3=P5

V3=V1*(P1/P3) ^A 1/y P4=P5*(V2/V3) ^A Y

T3= (P3V3)/nR

T4=T5(V2/V3) ^A (y-1)

P6=P5*(V2/V1) ^A Y

The work obtained is calculated with these parameters. It is also possible to make an example calculation from the link https://www.desmos.com/calculator/imyygkpewi. Other cases can be calculated by changing the input data in the link.

The inventive bidirectional impeller (C) undertakes the function of the impeller, compressor and turbines in combination, which are shown in figure 7, figure 8 and figure 11 , by itself. Engines with this feature are shown in figure 9 and figure 10. Turbines can be added to the post-combustion zone on the feedback pipe-1 (61 ) and the feedback pipe-2 (62), as shown in figure 8 with this design. Therefore, the second engine gains the feature of an engine containing multi-stage turbines in the obtained design.