FEEDING/FLUSHING SYSTEM FOR SANITARY BASINS

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention refers to feeding and flushing systems used in sanitary basins, to obtain their feeding and their flushing operation.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

As already known by technique, the flushing operation of sanitary basins in general is conducted either by a flushing valve embedded in the wall or by a toilet tank that is independent from the basin and which can hang on the wall some distance from the basin or be connected directly to the posterior part of the basin. Flushing valves embedded in the wall use a large volume of water to accomplish the flushing operation. Due to the current environmental situation of growing shortages of water worldwide, they have been avoided lately, precisely because of this high water usage. Furthermore these flushing valves embedded in the wall carry a relatively increased final cost of the product and valve installation services are also relatively high. Because of these situations, rather than these embedded valves, sanitary installations in new buildings are more frequently using sanitary basins with either hanging or connected toilet tanks due to their characteristic of requiring less water to accomplish efficient flushing. Also, in already constructed buildings we are seeing the replacement of embedded flushing valves with hanging or connected toilet tanks more frequently. Normally this replacement requires bathroom reconstruction, such as breaking the walls and installing new pipes. This requires a carpenter, mason and/or plumber, and comes with the requisite material and labor expenses. Inside the toilet tanks commonly used in sanitary basins with either hanging or connected tanks, there are: a water entrance valve located on one of the sides of the tank or on the bottom; a water exit valve generally located on the bottom of the tank; and a flushing device located either on the side of the tank or on its cover which the user can employ through an external button and which moves the internal flushing valve to permit the exit of water to the sanitary basin and thereby accomplishing the flush. One known inconvenience of toilet tanks is that its components (water entrance valve, water exit valve and flushing device) need considerable room inside the tanks, which necessitates a tank of relatively large dimensions, substantially diminishing the esthetics and, as a result, the ambiance where it is installed. Specifically related to the water entrance valves, and also as known by technique, they are composed of a ground-body conveniently connected to one of the sides of the tank and externally connected to the water feeding pipes through a horizontal lever arm which has a float at the end. This float governs the opening and closing of the water entrance valve based on the level of water inside the tank. Thus when the toilet tank is full, the float located at the extremity of the lever arm of the water entrance valve is in an elevated position, which guarantees the closing of the water entrance valve, preventing the water from entering the tank. When flushing, the level of water inside the tank goes down and consequently so does the float located on the end of the lever arm of the water entrance valve, which opens the water entrance valve, allowing the water to enter and refill the tank. Once the water reaches a pre-determined level, the float closes the water entrance valve once again so that the tank remains full and ready for a new flushing operation. This describes the basic operation in the majority of the water entrance valves commonly used in flushing tanks in general. According to the organization of the components of these water entrance valves and the horizontal lever arm that integrates the system, and which needs a lot of room inside the tank, the well-known toilet tanks have relatively large dimensions, which substantially affects its esthetics and consequently the esthetics of the ambiance where it is installed. On the other hand, due to the growing water shortage on the planet, plumb manufacturers are under constant pressure to develop products that offer a substantial reduction in water consumption. Thus new flushing valves that consume less water have been developed. Consequently the toilet tanks in which these more economic valves are installed can have smaller dimensions due to the reduction of water volume necessary to accomplish the flush. However, due to the requirement for considerable room inside the tank for the installation of the usual water entrance valves described above, many times it is still impossible to reduce the dimensions of these tanks. Another major inconvenience of the conventional toilet tanks lies in the difficulty in accessing its internal components (water entrance valve, water exit valve and flushing device) when it is necessary to internally clean the tank and/or to replace some of its components. In fact, in the well-known commercial toilet tanks, access to the inner part is accomplished by moving the commonly used upper covering. However, as the components of the toilet tank are located on the sides and/or the bottom, access to them is still quite difficult, requiring skill and care by the user or worker who is performing the cleaning procedures or repairs. Among the several patents related to the toilet tank and its internal components (water entrance valve, water exit valve and flushing device) there are: - US 3.935.598: "Flapper Flush Valve," filed on 08.07.1974; - US 3.955.218: "Self-Venting Tank Valve for Toilet Tanks," filed on 07.04.1975; - FR 2.415.172: "Unite de Soupape pour Reservoir de Chausse d'eau" {"Valve Unit for Water Tank"), filed on 18.01.1979, with priority on 19.01.1978); - AU-A-21085/83: "Selective-Flush Cistern," filed on 08.11.1983, with priority on 18.11.1982; - US 4.604.763: "Seal Means for a Flush Valve Assembly," deposit date: 19.02.1985 - GB 2.241.258: "Flush Mechanism for Toilet Cistern" filed on 23.02.1990; - US 5.129.110: "Selectable Toilet-Water-Level Flushing System," filed on 16.07.1990; - EP 0 528 740 A1 : "Mecanism de chasse a double commande, permettant d'operer, selectivement, Ia vidange complete ou partielle du reservoir" {"Double command flushing system, allowing selection of complete or partial flushing"), filed on 30.07.1992, with priority on 09.08.1991 ; - US 5.400.444: "Double Flush Toilet Valve," filed on 21.09.1992; - GB 2.283.993: "Dual Flush Mechanism for an Internal Cistern," filed on 08.11.1994, with priority on 10.11.1993; - GB 2.287.485: "Variable Flush facility for Valve-discharge Flushing Cistern," filed on 15.03.1994; - US 5.711.039: "Dual Power-Flush Toilet," filed on 11.03.1996; - US 5.933.879: "Dual Power Cistern Button Arrangement," filed on 06.01.1997, with priority on 09.01.1996; - BR MU 7800072-6: "Economic Sanitary flushing system," filed on 15.01.1998; - US 5.943.708: "Adjustable Tank Ball Assembly for a Two-Step Flushing Control Type Ball float Toilet," filed on 29.07.1998; and - BR MU 8202880-0: "Disposition introduced in toilet tanks connected to a sanitary basin," filed on 10.12.2002.

SUMMARY AND OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION

This invention patent refers to a new "FEEDING/FLUSHING SYSTEM FOR SANITARY BASINS" composed of a new toilet tank provided by a series of pieces especially developed to permit the installation of this toilet tank in existing bathrooms, replacing the usual flushing valves embedded in the wall. Such a feeding/flushing system configures a set capable of altering the feeding and flushing forms of an already installed sanitary basin; in other words, the feeding/flushing system here innovated replaces the usual flushing valve embedded in the wall so that the sanitary basin flushing is now occurs through a toilet tank which is either hanging or connected to the basin. This new feeding/flushing system provides substantial reduction in water usage because the toilet tanks consume less water than the valves embedded in the wall. Even better is that there is no need to break walls, which is a general requirement during reconstruction for such a substitution, consequently reducing material and labor expenses. As well, access to the inner part of the feeding/flushing system now occurs frontally through a new covering configured by an inverted L-shaped piece that covers the superior frontal part of the toilet tank and slides onto the side of the front piece. In this way, when the above-mentioned cover is removed by sliding upwards, complete access to the inner part is possible through the frontal part, which makes cleaning and repair services easier whenever they are necessary. Additionally the toilet tank that integrates the current flushing system is now provided with a series of accessories integrated into it (such as deodorizer/ disinfectant/ germicide holder, douche holder, toilet paper holder and hanger), which makes it even more practical and functional as well as providing substantially more compact and reduced dimensions resulting in a visually more pleasant, and cheaper, product. Optionally the toilet tank that integrates the present system can be provided with appropriate holes on the front for inserting decorative or message covers in different shapes and patterns appropriate for the ambiance where the tank will be installed (for example, a cover with patterns like the tiles used in the bathroom, a cover with an animal shape or like pattern for a child's bathroom, a cover displaying a company logo for company toilets, a cover designed as a message board for employee bathrooms, etc). Equally important to the present feeding/flushing system is an envisioned water entrance device and a new flushing valve conveniently assembled inside this new toilet tank. As well as comprising small dimensions and occupying a small space inside the tank, the new water entrance device that integrates the present system is installed on the bottom close to the flushing valve, thus substantially reducing the dimensions of the toilet tank. This water entrance device is composed of a ground body conveniently attached to the bottom of the tank which contains inside it a water entrance valve whose opening and closing operations are performed by a vertical bar connected to an appropriate floating element and which determines the opening and closing positions of the water entrance valve depending on the level of water inside the toilet tank. Thus, when the toilet tank is full, this floating element connected to the vertical bar is in the elevated position, which guarantees the closing of the water entrance valve preventing the water from entering the tank. During the flushing process, the water level inside the tank diminishes and, subsequently, so does the floating element, moving the vertical bar downwards and allowing the water to enter and refill the tank. As the water enters the tank, the floating element once again moves upwards and when it reaches the pre-determined level, the water entrance is shut so that the tank remains full and ready for a new flush. Once this new water entrance device is assembled on the bottom of the tank close to the new flushing valve also projected on the bottom, it is possible to substantially reduce the dimensions of the toilet tank because of the reduction of the internal room commonly necessary to install the typical entrance valves on toilet tanks. Therefore, the toilet tank can be smaller and more compact, reducing manufacturing costs and offering a more esthetically pleasant appearance. On the other hand, in the present invention, the innovated water entrance device proposes a means to regulate the floating element which is attached to the lever arm to. This will allow different tank volume levels to be selected, depending on the necessity. Additionally, the new invention features a water entrance device of extremely simple construction, which offers a substantially low manufacturing cost and doesn't require periodic maintenance services, which also contributes significantly to reducing the costs generally associated with such services. As well as featuring smaller dimensions and occupying less room inside the tank, the new flushing device that integrates the current flushing/feeding system requires a smaller water volume to accomplish the flushing and also offers two flushing options (a bigger or smaller water volume depending on whether the residues to be removed are solids or liquids) in one single system, thus featuring water conservation. The toilet tank here described is smaller and more compact, reducing its manufacturing costs and offering an esthetically more pleasant appearance. Additionally, both the proposed water entrance device and the flushing valve feature extremely simple construction, which results in a substantially lower manufacturing cost. As well, the functioning of both this water entrance device and this flushing valve are extremely simple, virtually eliminating periodical maintenance services, contributing thus to reduce the costs generally associated with these services. Even if the innovated feeding/flushing system was specifically developed to be used in installations where the sanitary basin has its flushing operation conducted by the usual flushing valve embedded in the wall (which can be replaced by this innovated system without any damage to the wall), this new feeding/flushing system can also be used in installations where the sanitary basin is already fed by a hanging or connected toilet tanks. These will be replaced by the new toilet tank that integrates the present system, obviously making other pieces designed to replace the embedded flushing valve in the toilet tank unnecessary. Equally the innovated feeding/flushing system can also be used in new installations where sanitary basins with hanging or connected toilet tanks have been specified. In these cases, some of the pieces designed to replace the embedded flushing valve on the toilet tank will not be used. Finally the toilet tank that employs the present system may also be used independently as a reservoir for any other application, such as urinals or urinal systems, water filters with the use of specific equipment and others. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

A more complete appreciation of the present invention and many of the attendant advantages thereof will be readily understood by reference to the following description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: - Figure 1 is a perspective of a sanitary basin in which the discussed feeding/flushing system was installed; - Figure 2 features the same basin as figure 1 but now contains the feeding/flushing system illustrated in exploded perspective showing all its components except the water entrance device and the flushing valve assembled inside the toilet tank, which will be illustrated separately further down; - Figure 3 is an exploded perspective of the toilet tank that integrates the innovated system, showing two possible forms of fixation between the body and the cover that compose them in figures 4 and 4A; - Figure 5 is an upper view of the referenced toilet tank with its cover separated from the body; - Figure 6 features the same view as the previous figure but now has its cover installed on the body; the detail of figure 7 illustrates the way these two pieces can be attached; - Figures 8 and 9 in exploded and assembled perspective illustrate respectively the possibilities for the considered toilet tank to be provided with a decorative and/or message cover, which is properly attached through projected perforations in the body of the tank; these covers are available in a number of formats and patterns to match the environment in which the tank is installed; only one example of this cover has been illustrated here; - Figure 10 features amplified and exploded detail of the superior sealing plug that integrates the present feeding/flushing system; - Figure 1 1 illustrates a cut side view of the referenced superior sealing plug in assembled position; - Figure 12 shows amplified and exploded detail of the inferior sealing plug and other connected components that integrate the present system; - Figure 13 illustrates a cut side view of the referenced inferior sealing plug in assembled position; - Figure 14 is an exploded perspective of the toilet tank showing the interconnection between the entrance and exit of the sanitary basin when it is hanging on the wall; the detail of figure 15 illustrates in perspective the reducer necessary for this interconnection, while in the detail of figure 16, both the reducer and the interconnection plumbing are illustrated in a frontal cut view already assembled on the bottom of the tank; - Figure 17 is another exploded perspective of the toilet tank detailing the interconnection between the entrance and the exit of the sanitary basin when it is connected to the basin, while figure 18 shows both the sealing ring and the interconnection plumbing in a frontal cut view already assembled on the bottom of the tank; - Figure 19 is an amplified detail of the water entrance device that also integrates the innovated system and showing its components in exploded perspective; - Figure 20 features the same detail as the previous figure, but now illustrates the device with its components duly assembled; - Figure 21 features more detail of the device, illustrating one of the possibilities for regulating the positioning of the floating element in relation to the vertical bar that determines the filling volumes of the tank; - Figure 22 is another view of the previous figure and illustrates another possibility for regulating the positioning of the floating element in relation to the vertical bar; in the amplified details, the extremities of the screwed pin are illustrated; - Figures 23 and 24 are side cut views illustrating the functioning of the device already installed on the bottom of the toilet tank; in figure 23 the device is in a closed position, and in the figure 24, it is in an open position; - Figure 25 is an exploded perspective of the flushing valve that integrates the innovated feeding/flushing system showing its components; - Figure 26 illustrates the referenced valve through a side cut view with its components duly assembled; - Figure 27 is the same side cut view from in the previous figure, this time showing one of the two possibilities for valve activation; that is, side activation (to the left in the figure) which precipitates a flush with a smaller water volume, indicated for liquid residues; - Figure 28 is the same side cut view illustrated in figure 26, now showing the other possibility for valve activation (to the right in the figure), which causes a flush with a greater amount of water, indicated for solid residues; - Figures 29 to 31 illustrate one of the possible forms of activation of the innovated valve; - Figures 32 to 34 illustrate another possible form of activation; - Figures 35 to 41 illustrate another possible form of operation of the said activating means in which are shown two bi-part buttons interconnected to two vertical bars that cannot be activated simultaneously because of a locking balance beam and: - In figure 35 the toilet tank is illustrated schematically in perspective and the activation device of the flushing valve is illustrated in the resting position; - Figure 36 is an amplified detail of the previous figure illustrating only the activating device now innovated when one of the bi-part buttons is operated by the user; - Figure 37 is the same detail of the previous figure but now illustrates the device when the other bi-part button is activated by the user; - Figure 38 is a perspective of the planned locking balance beam between the two vertical bars of the device; - Figures 38A, 38B, 38C and 38D illustrate the same by frontal, side, superior and inferior views respectively; - Finally Figures 39 and 41 illustrate the positioning of the said locking balance beam in relation to the two vertical bars of the device when it is in resting position (figure 39), when one of the buttons is in activation position (figure 40), and when the other button is in the activation position (figure 41 ).

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The object of the present Invention patent is a "FEEDING/FLUSHING SYSTEM FOR SANITARY BASINS" which is composed by the following components: - one toilet tank (1 ); - a superior sealing plug (2) to seal the body of flushing valve (A) embedded in the wall (whose core will be removed); - an inferior sealing plug (3) to seal the inferior water exit (B) of the exit plumbing (C) that fed the sanitary basin (D); - a register (4) connected to the said plug (3); - a T-connection (5) connected to the said register (4) with two externally screwed derivations, one of which is designed to receive a feed hose (6) to feed the toilet tank (1) and the other one designed to receive a closing "cap" (7) or a hose for manual hygienic douche (8) or even a faucet (9) to wash the bathroom; - an interconnection plumbing (10) between the exit of the toilet tank (1 ) and the entrance of the sanitary basin (D). The components (1) to (10) are illustrated in figures 1 to 18. Equally integrating the referenced feeding/flushing system and properly assembled inside the toilet tank (1 ), there are a new water entrance device (11 ) (illustrated in figures 19 to 24) and a new flushing valve (12) (illustrated in figures 25 to 28). Both components (11 ) and (12) are installed on the bottom of the said tank (1) and will be described later. According to figures 1 to 9, the toilet tank (1 ) is composed of two parts: a body (1.1 ) and a cover (1.2). The body is presented as manufactured in plastic, metal or thermic plastic material (commonly called "fiberglass") with a basically prismatic body open on top in order to allow the connection with several interposed units, and offering a reduction of area used both for stocking and for transportation, which is a rational solution to the usual tanks existing on the market. The frontal part (1.1. a) of the body (1.1 ) has a basically trapezoidal opening (1.1. b) and the double internal borders of the said frontal side (1.1. a) which delimitate the said opening (1.1. b) are creating the formation of a continuous groove (1.1. c) onto which is connected a silicone string (1.1. d) or other convenient material (see details in figures 4 and 7). This groove (1.1. c) configures the trail for the cover of the toilet tank as described later. The superior and inferior means of fixing are shown in the body of the said tank (1.1) and they allow the tank to be hung on the wall at any height or connected directly to the sanitary basin (D); the superior means of fixing can be accomplished through two slots (1.1.e) projected for the posterior wall of the body (1.1) which hang on screws in the wall; and the inferior means of fixing can be accomplished by two internal parallel bars (1.1. f) on the bottom of the body (1.1 ) which remain embedded inside the body (and thus are not visible). These bars (1.1. f) have holes for appropriate bolts (aO that originate in the inferior part of the basin (D), after going through the respective bolts shown in it. The body (1.1 ) of the toilet tank (1 ) can be provided on its sides with quadrangular holes (1.1. g) through which the respective spare plates are connected (LLh)1 one of them holding a flexible bolt (LLh-O to receive the socket connection of the manual douche (8) that integrates the present set, and other two respectively provided with a hook (1.Lh2) and an L-shaped support (LLrb), in order to configure a hanger and a toilet paper holder. The toilet tank cover is constructed of an inverted L-shaped piece equally produced in plastic, metal or thermic plastic ("fiberglass") material whose horizontal part (1.2. a) has the dimensions and format to fit the frontal opening (LLb) of the body's (1.1 ) frontal wall (LLa). This cover slides onto the body (1.1) and its vertical part connects to and slides across the groove (LLc) formed by the internal borders of the wall (LLa). Thus, once the borders (1.2.b) of the cover (1.2) are connected to the grooves (LLc) of the body (1.1 ) of the toilet tank (1), the cover (1.2) can slide down until its superior horizontal part (1.2. a) reaches and settles onto the superior open part of the body (1.1) and the sealing between the part (1.2. b) of the cover (1.2) and the groove (LLc) of the body (1.1 ) is done by a silicone string (LLd) shown in the said groove (LLc) (see details of figure 7). On the other hand, fixing the cover (1.2) onto the body (1.1 ) is accomplished by fixing through bolts(a2) that will be screwed into the respective holes (b2) on the frontal corners of the cover (1.2). Optionally these holes (bi) and (b2) are shown in flaps (ci) and (c2), respectively shown on the side of the body (1.1 ) and of the cover (1.2) (see details in figures 4 and 4A). When maintenance services are necessary, the toilet tank (1 ) is emptied and the bolts (a2) are unscrewed, the L-shaped cover is removed (1.2) from the body (1.1) by sliding it upwards so that the frontal opening (1.1. c) of the body (1.1) is totally exposed, providing access to the whole interior of the tank, and making easier cleaning and repair services of the tank. The cover (1.2) of the toilet tank (1) is also provided with a circular opening (1.2.c) into which is connected a sealing disk (1.2.d) and has a support for a basket (1.2.e) conveniently attached to it. This support is long enough to reach the water level inside the toilet tank (1), inside which an odorizing / disinfectant / germicide element can be added in order to disinfect and odorize the water inside the tank. Both the body (1.1) and the cover (1.2) of the toilet tank (1) are provided with weakening zones (1.3) on their frontal, lateral and superior walls, which, when forced, create holes. In one of these holes a button or a lever arm of the flushing system can be installed, permitting installation of this system no matter what the installation form is inside the tank (superior or lateral). Optionally the toilet tank (1 ) can accept decoration or message covers (1.4) in several shapes and patterns appropriate for the environment where the tank will be installed. Appropriate means of fixing these covers (1.4) are shown as is the body (1.1) of the said tank (1). Fixing can be achieved through bi-part bolts (d) shown in the posterior part of the said covers (1.4), so that they fit the corresponding holes (e) shown in the frontal wall of the body (1 ) of the tank (1 ) (see figures 8 and 9). Though the toilet tank (1) described above has been specifically developed to integrate the feeding/flushing system, the object of the present patent is projected to allow the installation of this toilet tank in existing bathrooms, thereby replacing the usual flushing valves embedded in the wall, and it is obvious that the said toilet tank (1) can also be used to replace the usual hanging or connected toilet tanks also appearing in existing bathrooms. It can also be used in new bathrooms in which the use of sanitary basins with hanging or connected toilet tanks have been specified; additionally this toilet tank (1 ) can also be used independently as a reservoir for any other applications, as described above. There is below a description of the other components that integrate the current feeding/flushing system. According to what has been explained previously, the superior sealing plug (2) (illustrated in detail in figures 10 and 11) is used to seal the body of a usual flushing valve (A) embedded in the wall (whose core will be removed). This plug (2) is composed of a frontal disk (2.1 ), a posterior disk (2.2) and a piece made of resilient material, that are all centrally connected by a screw (2.4) capable of approximating the said disks (2.1 ) and (2.2) to each other, thus compressing the resilient piece between them. The dimensions of the plug (2) are consistent with the pattern dimensions of the body of the usual flushing valves (A) embedded in the wall, so that after removing the internal mechanism of the said usual flushing valves (A), this plug (2) is used to seal the body of the valve (A). Once the plug is installed (2) in the body of the flushing valve (A), the bolt (2.4) is screwed, which pulls the posterior disk (2.2) forward, moving it towards the frontal disk (2.1 ) and compressing the resilient material piece (2.3) between them; when this piece is compressed, it expands laterally towards the internal sides of the body of the valve (A), guaranteeing the requisite sealing. With this, the water that comes from the entrance plumbing (E) that exists in the bathroom and that previously was controlled by the embedded flushing valve (A) that was removed now goes freely to the exit plumbing (C) [that previously fed the sanitary basin (D)] and is now used to fill the toilet tank (1) as described above. Also as described above, the inferior sealing plug (3) (illustrated in detail in figures 12 and 13) is used to seal the inferior water exit (B) of the plumbing (C) that fed the sanitary basin (D). This plug (3) is formed by an externally attached cylindrical piece (3.1 ) provided with a posterior flange (3.2) that is used as a support for a resilient material piece (3.3) connected around the tubular piece (3.1 ) and on whose frontal side leans a disk (3.4), equally connected around the tubular piece (3.1 ); complementing the system is a flanged nut (3.5) screwed into the tubular piece (3.1 ) and capable of moving and compressing the said disk (3.4) against the resilient material piece (3.3). In the free frontal extremity of the said tubular piece (3.1) a register will be screwed, which integrates the feeding/flushing system. The dimensions of the plug (3) coincide with the pattern dimensions of the usual exit (B) of the usual exit plumbing (C) embedded in the wall so that, after removing the usual plumbing between said exit (B) and the sanitary basin (D) [through which the water from the exit plumbing (C) arrived to the interior of the basin (D) to accomplish the flushing operation], the plug (3) is used to seal the exit (B). Once the plug (3) is connected to the exit (B) of the usual exit plumbing (C), the flanged nut (3.5) is then tightened, which moves and compresses the frontal disk (3.4) against the piece of resilient material (3.3); when compressed, this piece expands laterally towards the internal lateral walls of the said exit (B) of the plumbing (C), guaranteeing the necessary sealing at this point and permitting the water to pass only through the tubular cylindrical piece (3.1 ), whose flow will be controlled by the register (4) screwed into its frontal extremity. The register (4) that integrates the present feeding/flushing system (also illustrated in figure 12) can be a usual sphere or any other appropriate register, and its body (4.1 ) is provided with an externally fastened tubular cylindrical extension (4.2) onto which the T-connection (5) is screwed, which also integrates the innovated system (also illustrated in figure 12); as mentioned previously, this connection (5) has two externally screwed derivations: one (5.1 ) is designed to receive the feeding hose (6) of the toilet tank (1) and the other (5.2) is designed to receive either a closing "cap" (7) or the hose (8.2) of a manual hygienic douche (8) or even a faucet (9) to wash the bathroom, depending on the wish or the necessity of the user in each sanitary installation. The feeding hose (6) can be configured by a typical flexible tube (6.1 ) provided with usual appropriate locks (6.2) on both extremities through which the tube is attached - on one side to the derivation (5.1 ) of the connection (5) and on the other side to the water entrance device (11 ) installed inside and on the bottom of the toilet tank (1 ). This device will be described and illustrated below. The cap (7), the manual douche (8) and the faucet (9) can be usual models of a common commercial line; the opening (8.1 ) of the douche (8) can also be connected to the flexible bolt (1.1. hi) of the plaque (1.1. h) shown on one of the lateral walls of the body (1.1 ) of the toilet tank (1 ), offering much more convenience for the user. Once the plug is installed (3) onto the exit (B) of the exit plumbing (C) embedded in the wall, and once the register (4), the T-connection (5) and the feeding hose (6) of the toilet tank (1) [regardless of whether the cap (7), the manual douche (8) or the faucet (9) were installed or not], the water coming from the entrance plumbing (E) that exists in the bathroom and that now passes freely to the exit plumbing (C) is used to fill the toilet tank (1 ) through the feeding hose (6), reaching the tank entrance device and consequently filling it up every time it is necessary. Depending on the water pressure, a pressure reducer (not illustrated)may be necessary in the interior of the said feeding hose (6) of the toilet tank (1) in order to reduce the said pressure. And when it is necessary to interrupt the constant feeding of the toilet tank (1) in order to perform any cleaning or maintenance services, the register will be closed (4). Also integrating the feeding/flushing system, there is an interconnection plumbing (10) (illustrated in details in figures 14 to 18), configured by an usual L-shaped pipe, whose vertical part (10.1 ), at a variable height, has its extremity connected to the exit of the toilet tank (1), and its horizontal part (10.2) connected to the sanitary basin (D), as shown. Thus, if the toilet tank (1) is hanging on the wall, the vertical section (10.1) of the interconnection plumbing (10) will be longer or shorter depending on the height; if the toilet tank (1) is connected to the sanitary basin (D), the vertical section (10.1) of the interconnection plumbing (10) will be substantially shorter (these two possibilities are illustrated in figure 2). As illustrated in figures 14, 15 and 16, for cases in which the toilet tank (1) is hanging on the wall and has a conventional sanitary basin (D) with a smaller diameter water entrance, the interconnection plumbing (10) will have a correspondingly smaller diameter to match the water entrance of the basin, in which case it will be necessary to employ a reducer at the exit of the toilet tank (1) to allow the connection of the interconnection plumbing (10). As is illustrated in figures 17 and 18, for cases where the toilet tank (1) is connected to the sanitary basin (D) with a larger diameter water entrance, the interconnection plumbing (10) will also have a correspondingly larger diameter to match the water entrance of the basin, in which case it will be necessary to employ a reducer (F) at the exit of the toilet tank (1 ); in these cases, a sealing ring (G) will be used at the exit of the toilet tank. There is below a description of the water entrance device (11 ), which equally integrates the innovated feeding/flushing system, and which is illustrated in detail in figures 19 to 24. This device is composed of a cylindrical and tubular base body (13) 42

conveniently assembled on the bottom (f) of the toilet tank (1) close to the flushing valve (12) (described and illustrated below). This base body has an inferior part (13a) external to the tank with a screw to attach to a nut and it receives the feeding hose (6) of the toilet tank (1), while the upper part (13b) inside the tank is provided with an internal flange (13c) with a central hole (13d) as well as a lateral opening (13e) which matches a short lateral ramification (13f) towards the inner part of the tank. A water entrance valve (14) is shown that matches the upper part (13b) of the base body (13), which, in one of the possible configurations, is composed of a piston (14a) inside the said part (13b) which can be moved vertically, up and down by a lever arm (14b) conveniently divided into two wings (13g) shown on the sides of the body (13) and whose extremity (14b-i) is slotted (13h) into the body (13) between the two displayed wings (13g), fitting inside the piston (14a). The displacement of the piston (14a) up or down respectively liberates or obstructs the central hole (13d) of the internal flange (13c), either allowing or preventing the water from the feeding hose (6) to pass to the lateral ramification (13f) of the body (13), allowing or preventing the filling of the toilet tank (1). This will be explained in detail below. The opposite extremity (14b2) of the said lever arm (14b) is conveniently connected to the inferior extremity of another vertical and long lever arm (15) connected to the upper part with an appropriate floating element (16), which determines the opening and closing of the water entrance valve (14) depending on the level of water inside the toilet tank. This is also explained below. The referenced floating element (16) is composed of a body shaped as an inverted cylindrical glass (16b), which has as its center a vertical tube (16b) concentric to the body (16a) and assembled around a vertical pipe (17) conveniently attached to the upper part of the base body (13). This constitutes a guide for the vertical displacement of the floating element (16) up or downwards, depending on the level of water inside the tank (1 ), as explained below. The way the floating element (16) and the vertical lever arm (15) are connected (18) is also shown, and this allows the position of the former according to the latter to be regulated and also varies the height of the floating element (16) inside the toilet tank (1 ), which determines its different volumes of water. In the first possible configuration (figure 21), this connection (18) is conducted through a vertical slot (18a) shown on the side of the floating element (16), inside which the vertical lever arm (15) is connected and onto which it slides. In this case, a ruler (15a) with the same sections and dimensions of the slot (18a) composes this vertical lever arm; this ruler (15a) has pairs of indentations (15b) equidistantly spaced from one another on its side borders by which it is possible to connect a correspondent pair of grips (18b) shown in the inferior part of the slot (18a) attached to the floating element (16). The relationship between these pairs of grips (18b) and the indentations (15b) shown in the ruler (15a) determines the different stopping positions for the floating element (16) according to the vertical lever arm (15), and correspondingly to its different heights inside the toilet tank (1 ) - from a minimum to a maximum height. Thus, the higher the floating element (16), the greater the volume of water inside the toilet tank (1 ). The water volume inside the toilet tank (1) corresponds to each position of the floating element (16), which will be selected by the user through convenient indications shown beside each pair of indentations (15b) shown on the ruler (15a). Obviously, depending on the manufacturing process, intermediate stopping positions marked by smaller sub-indentations can be used. In a second configuration option (figure 22), connection (18) is conducted through a vertical pipe (18A) shown on the side of the floating element (16), inside which the vertical lever arm (15) can move. In this case, the lever arm is attached by a screwed bolt (15A) with a diameter compatible with the pipe's diameter (18A). It is possible to displace it up or down by turning the screwed bolt (15A) to the left or right, across and inside the pipe (18A), determining several stopping points for the floating element (16) in relation to the vertical lever arm (15) and consequently, different heights inside the toilet tank (1 ) from a minimum to a maximum height. Also, the higher the floating element is, the greater the water volume inside the toilet tank (1 ). Though only two possibilities of connection between the vertical lever arm (15) and the floating element (16) of the innovated device have been described and illustrated, other configuration options can be arranged within the limits of the present invention, and all of them are protected by the same present patent. Also according to the present invention, the guide-pipe (17) that integrates the water entrance device (11 ) can have a lateral ramification (17a) in its inferior part for connecting to the plumbing (H) which will be directed to the exit opening of the toilet tank, thus configuring an extra exit should there be overfilling for any reason. Since the components of the water entrance device (1 1 ) that integrate the feeding/flushing (1 ) system have been described, now its functioning will be explained. Once the defined device (1 1 ) is installed inside the toilet tank (1 ), there is the need to regulate the water volume inside the said tank. To do that, a means of connection (18) between the lever arm (15) and the floating element (16) is used. According to the first form of the means of connection (18) described and illustrated in the present patent (see figure 21 ), the user slides the ruler (15a) across the slot (18a) attached to the floating element (16), determining the connection of the pair of grips (18b) shown in the said slot (18a) with the pair of indentations (15b) shown on the ruler (15a). The chosen position will determine the water volume inside the tank (1 ). The higher the floating element (16) is, the greater the water volume inside the tank (1 ). According to the second option of connection (18) configuration described and illustrated in the present patent (see figure 22), the user turns the screwed bolt (15A) inside the pipe (18A) attached to the floating element (16), choosing the position that will determine the water volume inside the tank (1 ). Now using figure 23, and with the toilet tank (1 ) full of water, the floating element (16) holds its position and keeps the water entrance valve (14) shut. According to the configuration option illustrated in the present patent, if the floating element (16) is in this position, the vertical lever arm (15) connected to it maintains the extremity (14b2) of the inferior lever arm (14b) set upwards, compressing the opposite extremity (14bi) downwards, forcing the piston (14a) against the internal flange (13c) of the base body (13), thus sealing the hole (13d). In this position, it is not possible for water from the feeding hose (6) to enter to the lateral ramification (13f) of the body (13) or inside the toilet tank (1 ) (see figure 23). When the toilet is flushed (by the means described below), the water inside the tank (1 ) is directed to the sanitary basin through the flushing valve (described and illustrated below), and the water level inside the tank diminishes. As the water level diminishes, the floating element (16) goes down equally, moving the vertical lever arm (15) connected to it; as the lever arm moves (15) downwards, its extremity (14bi) moves upwards, separating the piston (14a) from the internal flange (13c) of the base body (13) and liberating the hole inside it. In this position, the water from the feeding hose (6) can pass to the lateral ramification (13f) of the base body (13) and then inside the toilet tank (1 ), which once again becomes full of water (see figure 24). The entrance valve (14) is maintained open and this allows the tank (1) to fill, up to the point where the water arrives at the pre-established level; when the water level rises, the floating element (16) rises, too, moving the vertical lever arm (15) upwards and moving the extremity (14bi) of the lever arm (14b) down, compressing the piston (14a) against the internal flange (13c) of the base body. In this position, the water passage from the feeding hose (6) to the lateral ramification (13f) is once again sealed, preventing the water from entering the toilet tank (1 ) (see figure 23). There is below a description of the innovated flushing valve (12) that equally integrates the feeding/flushing system. This valve is illustrated in detail in figures 25 to 28. The flushing valve (12) assembled on the bottom (f) of the toilet tank (1 ) close to the water entrance device (11 ) (already described) is composed of a hollow sealing element (19) made of an appropriate resilient material, that can lean on the inclined border (20a) of a sealing base (20) shown on the bottom (f) of the toilet tank (1 ). This base is configured for a tubular, preferably cylindrically truncated, body that constitutes an extension of the bottom itself (f) and which delimits the opening (g) of the water exit. This sealing element (19) has an inferior central hole (21 ) as well as a lateral hole (22). The flushing valve (12) also contains an activation beam (23) which has attachment means (24) to said sealing element (19) as well as anchorage means (25a) and (25b) to convenient lifting means (26a) and (26b) of the beam (23), preferably configured by cables. This activation beam (23) has one of its extremities (23a) connected to a respective support (27) shown on the bottom (f) of the tank (1 ) around the said sealing base (20) matching the lowest height, while its opposite extremity matches a support element (28) also shown on the bottom (f) of the tank (1 ), and also around the said sealing base (20), however this time matching the highest point. In a possible configuration, the sealing element (19) has the shape of truncated "glass" (frustum of a cone), which has a smaller part (19a) facing down and a lateral wall (19b), preferably developed on a convex surface, while its larger part (19c) faces up and has a surrounding wing (19d) that sits on the inclined border (20a) of the said sealing part (20). The activation beam (23) is responsible for the moving of the sealing element (19) to one side or to other side (left or right in the figures), depending on what lifting means (26a) or (26b) will be applied. And the moving of said sealing element (19) to one side or to other side will determine the volume of the water so as to permit an adequate, economical flush depending on the residues to be displaced. Thus, since the components of the flushing valve (12) that integrates the feeding/flushing system have been described, its functioning will now be explained. Once the innovated valve (12) has been installed inside the toilet tank (1 ) as illustrated in figure 26, and if the tank (1 ) is full of water, the sealing element (19) prohibits the exit of water to the flushing system because it is compressed by the pressure of the water itself against the inclined border (20a) of the sealing basis (20) shown at the bottom of the tank (1 ). In this position, the hollow sealing element (19) is empty (or full of air). To flush, the user moves one of the lifting means (26a) or (26b) upwards, depending on the residues to be discharged (liquid or solid). When liquid residues need to be discharged, the sealing element (19) is moved by the lifting means (26a) to one side (to the left in the drawing of figure 27); in fact, as illustrated in the said figure, as the lifting means (26a) is attached to the anchorage means (25a) of the activating beam (23), and as this activating beam (23) is attached to the sealing element (19), the moving of said lifting means (26a) upwards forces the sealing element (19) to be turned to the left [the axis of this movement is the connecting point of the extremity of the beam (23) to the support (17)]; the sealing element (19) moves away from the sealing basis (20), allowing the passage of the water inside the tank (1 ) to the exit opening (g) and thence to the flushing system of the basin. As it is possible to visualize in figure 27, by moving the sealing element (19) to the left, the lateral hole turns to the upward position. Thus, during the exit of the water in the tank, part of the water enters the previously hollow element (19) and passing through the inferior hole (21 ), allowing the air to exit through the lateral hole (22); as this element (19) becomes heavier with water it consequently goes down in a short period, setting once again onto the sealing basis (20) and closing the system rapidly. In this way, the volume of water held in the tank (1 ) is not totally used in the flush, and its exit is quickly interrupted by the sealing element (1 ); therefore, a smaller volume of water is consumed, though quite sufficient to discharge liquid residues. Once the sealing element (19) is set onto the inclined border (20a) of the sealing base (20), the passage of water to the flushing system of the basin is again sealed, and the water held inside the sealing element leaks down through the inferior hole (21) shown in it, and the sealing element (19) is again empty and ready for a new flush (see figure 26). When solid residues need to be discharged, the sealing element (19) is moved now by the lifting means (26b) to the other side (to the right in the drawing of figure 28); in fact, as illustrated in the said figure, as the lifting means (26b) is attached to the anchorage means (25b) of the activating beam (23), and as this activating beam (23) is attached to the sealing element (19), the moving of said lifting means (26b) upwards forces the sealing element (19) to be turned now to the right [the axis of this movement is now the other extremity of the beam (23) which leans on the supporting element (18)]; the sealing element (19) equally moves away from the sealing basis (20), but to the opposite side, allowing the passage of the water inside the tank (1 ) to the exit opening (g) and thence to the flushing system of the basin. However, as can be seen in figure 28, by moving the sealing element (19) to the right, the lateral hole (22) shown is set in the downward position. During the exit of the water held inside the tank (1 ), the air cannot exit from the sealing element (19) through this lateral hole (22) as happened in the previous case; the sealing element (19) continues to be empty (full of air) and therefore light, floating on the water until all the water exits from the tank (1 ). When this occurs, the sealing element once again sets onto the sealing base (20), closing the system slowly. In this flushing situation, the water in the tank is completely used and the used volume of water is greater, permitting the discharge of solid residues. The lifting means (26a) and (26b) of the sealing element (19) can be activated by any means. Three possible configurations for the activation of the lifters (26a) and (26b) the sealing element (19) have been illustrated in the figures enclosed and will be described below; however, other configurations of activation are permitted within the same range of this patent and thus, all of them are protected by this patent. In a possible configuration for said activation, illustrated in figures 29 and 31 , the lifting means (26a) and (26b) of the sealing element (19) have different lengths and the free extremity of each of them is connected to the same point of a vertical bar (29); this bar is connected in its upper part to a horizontal axis (30) which has one of its extremities surpassing one of the walls of the toilet tank (1 ), more specifically the lateral opening determined by one of the weakening zones (1.3) shown in the tank (1), and this then receives the connection of a lever arm or a button (not illustrated) that is visible externally and that can be activated by the user. Depending on the side to which the lever arm or the button is turned, the sealing element (19) will be moved to the left (figure 30) or to the right (figure 31 ), causing flushes with a lesser or greater amount of water selected for liquid or solid residues respectively. In another configuration for the activation of the sealing element (19), illustrated in figures 32 to 34, the lifting means (26a) and (26b) have the same length, and the free extremity of each of them is connected at different points of a horizontal bar (31 ) with the median articulated to one axis (32) duly connected to the tank (1). The extremity (31a) of the bar (31) equally passes through one of the walls of the toilet tank (1 ), specifically the lateral opening determined by one of the weakening zones (1.3) shown in the tank (1 ), so that it is possible to activate the said bar (31 ). Depending on the direction of the moving of the said bar (31 ) downwards (figure 33) or upwards (figure 34), the sealing element (19) will be moved to the right (figure 33) or the left (figure 34), causing flushes with a greater or lesser amount of water depending on whether the residues are solid (downwards) or liquid (upwards). Another configuration for said activation is illustrated in figures 35 to 41 , and this configuration foresees a locking system to prevent accidental or unwanted activation of one of the two possible flushes (with a greater or lesser amount of water) as defined by the user. In this configuration, each of said lifting means (26a) and (26b) of the sealing element (19) has its upper part connected to the free extremity of a horizontal bar (33a) and (33b) assembled to an appropriate supporting element (34), in parallel and sliding inside the said supporting element (34). Coincidentally with the extremity of each of the horizontal bars (33a) and (33b), two vertical bars are shown (35a) and (35b); each horizontal bar /vertical bar system configures a lever arm responsible for the lifting of each of the lifting means (26a) and (26b) associated to it and consequently the lifting of the sealing element (19) to one side or to the other, as explained below. Each of the said vertical bars (35a) and (35b) has a respective slot (35aa) and (35bb), and both slots are aligned to each other so as to create a leaning point for the locking beam (36) in the system (described below), when this is in the resting position. Furthermore each of the said vertical bars (35a) and (35b) are activated by a respective bi-part activation button (37a) and (37b), visible on the top of the superior part of the tank's cover, specifically in the opening determined by one of the weakening zones (1.3) shown in the said tank (1 ). To guarantee the pressing of only one of the buttons (37a) or (37b) by the user and, consequently, the certainty of obtaining the selected flush by the user (with a greater or lesser volume of water), a locking system is shown that guarantees that only one of the vertical bars (35a) or (35b) will be moved when one of the bi-part buttons (37a) or (37b) is activated; this locking system is configured by the locking beam (36) made of resilient material which, as illustrated in detail in figures 38, 38A, 38B, 38C and 38D, is formed by a basically parallelepiped shaped upper part (36a), of small thickness, from whose inferior border a stylized pendulum (36b) projects, with a length slightly smaller than the upper part (36a), so as to delimit a small prominent stretch in relation to the inferior part (36b), in order to help its assembling between the bars (35a) and (35b). As illustrated in figures 36 and 37, the upper part (36a) of said beam (36) is assembled between the vertical bars (35a) and (35b) at a certain height so that its inferior part (36b) can match the slots (35aa) and (35bb) of the said bars (35a) and (35b), causing them to lean on one or the other slot (35aa) and (35bb). When the device is in a resting position, the inferior part (36b) of the beam (36) remains partially leaning in both said slots (35aa) and (35bb) of the vertical bars (35a) and (35b), as illustrated in figure 39, and the bars (33a) and (33b) remain in horizontal position, according to figure 35. As illustrated in figures 36 and 40, when one of the two bi-part buttons (37b) is activated, the vertical bar (35b) connected to it is moved downwards and the inferior part (36b) of the locking beam (36) is forced to displace totally to the leaning point (35aa) of the other bar (35a), which is prevented from moving vertically; thus only the bar (35b) is moved downwards, compressing the extremity of the horizontal bar (33b) connected to it, which causes the lifting of the lifting cable (26b), which is also connected to the bar; the sealing element (19) of the exit valve (12) is moved to one side and thus the activation of one of the flushing options (flushing with a higher volume of water). When the user stops pressing the bi-part button (37b), the corresponding bar (35b) returns to the original position and the inferior part (36b) of the locking beam (36) leans once again on both slots (35aa) and (35bb) of the bars (35a) and (35b) (see figures 35 and 39). As illustrated in figures 37 and 41 , when the other bi-part button (37a) is activated, the vertical bar (35a) connected to it moves downwards, and the inferior part (36b) of the locking beam (36) is forced to displace totally to the leaning point (35bb) shown on the other bar (35b), which is prevented from moving vertically; thus only the bar (35a) is moved downwards, compressing the extremity of the horizontal bar (33a) connected to it, lifting the other lifting cable (26a) connected to it. Thus the sealing element (19) of the exit valve (12) is moved to the other side and the other flushing option (with a lesser volume of water) is selected. Again, when the user stops pressing the bi-part button (37a), the corresponding bar (35a) returns to the original position and the inferior part (36b) of the locking beam (36) leans once again on both slots (35aa) and (35bb) of the bars (35a) and (35b) (see figures 35 and 39). If the user activates both buttons (37a) and (37b) at the same time, the device locks as the locking beam (36) is held partially inside the slots (35aa) and (35bb) of both bars (35a) and (35b), preventing the vertical downward moving of both bars and consequently preventing the activation of any flush. Preferably, both buttons (37a) and (37b) responsible for the activation of the bars (35a) and (35b) will have different heights, dimensions and forms and/or colors, preferably associated with the kind of flushing they will cause (either a lesser or greater amount of water), so as to make it easier for the user to see and memorize which button is responsible for which flushing. As examples only, button (37a) responsible for the flushing with a lesser amount of water can have a different format and/or a lighter color and/or be smaller and/or be located in a lower position than button (37b) responsible for flushing with a greater amount of water. Once all the components of the innovated feeding/flushing system have been described and its installation and functioning explained, it is noted that said system is a "set" capable of altering the feeding and flushing of an already installed sanitary basin that were previously obtained by a flushing valve (A) embedded in the wall and permitting flushing operations of this basin to now be operated by a toilet tank (1) that can be hanging or connected to the basin (D), without breaking the wall and consequently reducing labor and material expenses. Additionally, access to the interior of the toilet tank that integrates the present feeding/flushing system is now frontal and complete by simply sliding the L-shaped cover (1.2) upwards in relation to the body (1.1 ) of the toilet tank (1), making any necessary cleaning and repair processes easier. Also, as mentioned previously, though the now innovated toilet tank (1 ) has been specifically developed to integrate a feeding/flushing system, the object of this patent (projected to allow the installation of this toilet tank in existing bathrooms, replacing the usual flushing valves embedded in the wall), it is obvious that the said toilet tank (1 ) can also be used to replace the usual hanging or basin connected toilet tanks in existing bathrooms, or can even be used in new bathrooms in which the use of sanitary basins with a hanging or connected toilet tank has been specified; additionally, the present toilet tank (1 ) can be used as a reservoir for any other use.