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Patent Searching and Data


Title:
FORMWORK SYSTEM
Document Type and Number:
WIPO Patent Application WO/2005/088033
Kind Code:
A1
Abstract:
Formwork system with adjacent floor hatches, top hatches and main hatches fastened to each other by hatch locks, where each hatch lock comprising a long lock arm (4), a short lock arm (3) and a wedge (5), the lock arms (3, 4) are fastened to the general profiles (2) at each adjacent hatch by bolts (6, 7), a long lock arm (4) may be connected with a short lock arm (3) by inserting the wedge (5) in holes of the lock arms (3, 4), each hatch lock may be stored with a lock arm at each side, to bolt holes of the same size and the same distance from the hatch side, and the lock arms (3, 4) of the hatch lock may be parallel longitudinally two parallel bolts (6, 7), so that the opposite hatches may be height adjusted in relation to each other.

Inventors:
SAERVOLL ARNFINN (NO)
Application Number:
PCT/NO2005/000087
Publication Date:
September 22, 2005
Filing Date:
March 10, 2005
Export Citation:
Click for automatic bibliography generation   Help
Assignee:
SAERVOLL ARNFINN (NO)
International Classes:
E04G11/06; E04G11/14; E04G17/04; E04G; (IPC1-7): E04G11/14
Foreign References:
US3687411A1972-08-29
US4194717A1980-03-25
US5979138A1999-11-09
US6322043B12001-11-27
US6695277B12004-02-24
Attorney, Agent or Firm:
Tandbergs, Patentkontor AS. (Oslo, NO)
Download PDF:
Description:
Formwork system

The present invention relates to a formwork system. Existing formwork systems are based on a frame system having form stays through member joints which, of several reasons provide an unfortunate frame const¬ ruction. Facing hatches in a wall formwork must be of the same size, hatches are loaded varying with what size, the construction having a large weight - need for a crane for absolutely every handling, several loose parts, expensive to replace the cleading. Up to several hatches of varying sizes must be used in connection with sizing of wall length and thickness and to erected wall with lying hatches. Existing formwork systems are difficult combined with board formwork and are for this reason substantially built on horizontally cast foundation, ties, etc. The wall with ledge at ground level is for instance made by means of a vertical cast joint. Much board formwork is stilled used at sights with uneven ground, where panel hatches cannot be used. Traditional hatch locks are relatively large and heavy and constitute a substantial volume. The number of hatch locks will vary with the numbers of hatch joints, corners and wall heights and are for this reason an important of the planning work. A traditional wall formwork must for instance be locked at both sides. Traditional formwork systems has scaffold suspended at one side. A scaffold is formed by loose parts or by larger members. An external corner scaffold is more complex due to difficult suspension. Foundation for a wall formwork is normally built with lying wood hatches on a horizontal base. Wood hatches are often built on sight because the height of the foundation will vary with the height of the plot on which the foundation is resting. On sight built hatches are relatively expensive and can often be reused 1 to 3 times. Disadvantage with lying hatches with steel frame is for instance difficult corner solution, difficult adaptation between two corners etc. The criteria for choosing a formwork system are for instance member size, strength, vertical distance between the front stays, loose parts, formwork in steel or aluminium. Steel formwork is heavy and unhandy without crane and aluminium formwork must be made with relatively short span, i.e. small hatch sizes due to the fact that aluminium is far weaker than steel with regard to down bending. There is thus still a need for developing proved, more efficient and more profitable systems, which also permits large amount of freedom with regard to design of concrete constructions. It is desirable to form in situ concrete in a more liberate way than today, so that this also can be used in constructions which today are made by other materials. Due to needs, requirements and desire that more exciting design of the construction that what can be obtained by in situ concrete today, this will also effect the development of new formwork systems. With the formwork system in this invention the above mentioned disadvantages and limitations are avoided, as well as further advantages are achieved. This is achieved with a system according to this invention as disclosed in the features of the appended claims. Use of standardized top and bottom hatches for a wall formwork cannot be used previously. The advantages of such a formwork are for instance that all hatch sizes then will be dimensioned for the new cast pressure of which they will subject to. In this respect strength estimated main hatch will not be damaged due to excessive cast pressure, top hatch with little cast pressure will be of low weight and the bottom hatch will be substantially stronger than the main hatch due to the fact that the distance between horizontal stay hole rows and hatch locks then will be at least halved depending of if the bottom hatch has been made with one or two stay hole rows. The bottom hatches with two stay hole rows may preferably also be used for foundation formwork. The drawing discloses in figure 1 a three points height adjustable hatch lock in a front view, figure 2 discloses a top view of the hatch lock in figure 1, figure 3 discloses a mounted main formwork of varying heights, figure 4 discloses a bottom hatch of varying heights, figure 5 discloses a formwork with scaffold (seen from the front), figure 6 discloses a scaffold where the floor joint of the scaffold is laid on top of a W-cushion, figure 7 discloses a scaffold where the floor joint of the scaffold has been laid between two V-cushions, figure 8 discloses a top view of formwork with scaffold in two pieces (seen in front), figure 9 discloses a bottom scaffolding in a front view, made with a large step, figure 10 discloses a transition hatch with a locking connection to both sides, figure 11 discloses a lock arm to a transition hatch, and figure 12 discloses a transition hatch connected to a main hatch. With the formwork system according to the present invention, completing new and more rational construction is achieved that with a prior art, among other things by the fact that the bottom hatch of the formwork preferably also can be used for foundation formwork since the bottom formwork will have the same corner solution, the same distance between vertical stay rows etc. A better material utilization of the two systems, each of only two hatches sizes, may be of significant importance for construction, as a hole. For instance it may be preferred to board the entire rooms at one time using only two hatches sizes. The formwork consists of main hatches 17, bottom hatches 1 and top hatches 10. The main hatches 17 have module hatch sizes and stay hole rows horizontally and vertically. The bracing is made using three layers of profiles of which two or the layers are horizontal. The channel profiles 2 are overlaid horizontal stay hole rows 19, V- cushions 11 are laid over vertical stay hole rows 19 and H-cushions 9 are again laid over horizontal stay hole rows 19. V-cushions 11 level with a cleading of one hatch at the 5 bottom and top, scaffold floor 14 in two pieces is laid on top of the formwork. The bottom hatches are used to building wall scaffolding and basement scaffolding. The bottom hatches 1 are of the same make as the main hatches 17; however, due to the effect that the bottom hatches are made of different heights and are having at least two horizontal stay hole rows 19, this hatch type has modulated distances between Q vertical stay hole rows 19. The bottom hatches 1, which are higher than two modules, have modulated the sizes and module stay hole rows in both directions. The bottom hatches 1 are of a substantial larger strength that the main hatches 17, mainly due to a shorter distance between the horizontal stay hole rows. With the top hatch 10, the bottom hatches 1 and the main hatches 17 mounted s with up to for instance 30 cm. The top hatches 10 are secured to the bottom and the main hatches 1, 17 by profiles inserted within the cleading 12 and the V-cushions 11. With three points hatch lock embedded in the channel profile 2 a stronger bolt hole 13, 18 is achieved, at the same time as the entire lock is hidden in stored condition. A long lock arm 4 further be parallel displaced vertically so that the opposite hatch may be adjusted Q heightwise in relation to each other. With height adjustable formwork this requirement for levelling with ground and foundation for wall working, respectively, is needed. The scaffold floor 14 in two pieces above the main hatches 17, one part at each form side, simple and easy mountable scaffold is possible which also can be built in steps during the form working. With the scaffold floor 14 in two parts above the cast mould a 5 better load distribution for the cast form is achieved, so that a lining of the cast mould for instance can be done with fewer angular supports. In general formwork is made against the ground in that the ground level is flattened so that the formwork can be done on an even base. Foundations therefore often are given a formwork having for instance horizontal wooden cassettes. The height of the 0 foundation will often vary from the ready made plot level. Height adjusted wooden cassettes can be used only a few times and are relatively costly to obtain. Wall formwork (standing wall panels) are mainly used only on a plan cast plot foundation or on horizontal ties etc. due to difficult sealing and cleaning of escaped concrete. With a formwork system according to this invention foundation work can be done 5 in a simpler way due to the fact that this type of formwork can be height adjusted with small and large steps and also easily mounted with board formwork. A wall formwork may be built directly on firm ground without foundation, provided the conditions are right. Figure 1 shows three point height adjustable hatch lock embedded in a channel profile 2 where the lock consists of a long lock arm 4, a short lock arm 3, a wedge 5 and two vertical bolts 6, 7. The lock is simple, easy and strong and may be stored in a retracted position. Figure 2 shows the hatch lock from above with a long lock arm 4 in a retracted position. The long lock arm 4 is provided with two holes, one for locking and one for storing. For reasons of handling and storing the lock arm 4 should not extend beyond the hatch joint. Figure 3 shows two main hatches 17 which are mounted to two bottom hatches 1 and are height adjusted in relation to each other. The bottom hatch 1 is provided with at least two horizontal stay rows due to the fact that it was and can be used for foundation formwork. Figure 4 shows a height adjusted formwork made of bottom hatches 1. One 10 x 10 meter ring formwork may for instance have a theoretical height difference of 20 cm if it is height adjustable by one cm per meter. Figure 5 shows a formwork with a scaffold in two pieces seen from the front. The scaffold floor 14 is a needle secured to the formwork by means of a longitudinal profile 8 which is recessed in cut out 16 at the cushion ends. The needle 15 is long so that it can be put in and viewed from the outside of the scaffold. Stored scaffold floor 14 can be kept between the cleading 12 and the V-cushion 11. Figure 6 shows one of two scaffold types where the floor joint of the scaffold is laid across the V-cushion 11 and used when the formwork is mounted on horizontal ground. Figure 7 shows a second of two scaffold alternatives where the floor joint of the scaffold is laid between two V-cushions 11 in flight with the hatch joint. This can be used in connection with a step adjusted formwork uneven ground. Figure 8 shows formwork with scaffold in two pieces viewed from above. The corner scaffold is laid with the floor joint above V-cushions 11, the left wall being laid with the floor joint between V-cushions and the right and wall centre are laid with the floor joint above V-cushions. Figure 9 shows a bottom hatch 1 made with a large step that can be adapted ground, both by means of the tight adjustable hatch lock and with mounted cleading. Solid pallets may easily be inserted between the cleading 12 and the V-cushion 11. Top hatches 10 with a height of approximately 20 cm were adapted to large steps as shown. Figure 10 discloses a transition hatch 21 for connection to a traditional formwork comprising a main hatch 17. The transition hatch 21 comprises channel profiles 2 with flush mounted lock arm 20. The lock arm 20 may be arranged and displaced through the edge frame 23 on both sides of the transition hatch 21. Figure 11 discloses the lock arm 20 having three holes for locking bolts 7, one for support and one for connection of a short lock arm 3 (main hatch 17) on both sides. Figure 12 discloses the main hatch 17 being connected to the transition hatch 21. To avoid opening of a hatch connection a frame edge 22 is arranged above the lock arm 20 having the same thickness as the main hatch 17 in such a way that the H cushion above the channel profile always extends across two hatches having the same thickness. The main hatch 17 has modulated hatch sizes and continues, modulated stay hole rows horizontally and vertically. The channel profile 2 is laid over horizontal stay hole rows and V-cushions 11 are laid over vertical stay hole rows. External corner hatches are braced with a third layer of profiles, referred to as H-cushions 9. By means of H-cushions 9 the distance between vertical stay rows may vary from one to three modules. Main hatch 17 is executed with only two hatch sizes of 4 x 1 modules and 4 x 3 modules. The distance of the main formwork up to the lower and upper stay rows are 1Z. module and 2 Vz modules. The hatches are interconnected by means of light, torque free locks embedded in the general profiles 2. Bottom hatches 1 are always formed with two or more horizontal stay rows in the channel profiles 2. This is due to the fact that they can be used both to the foundation and to mounting of the main formwork. The distance between horizontal channel profiles 2 is one module or less. A shorter distance between the channel profiles 2 results in the bottom hatch 1 is considerably stronger than the main hatch 17. Two modules high or higher bottom hatch will have the same building up as the main hatch 17. A lower bottom hatch 1 than two modules will have varied distance between horizontal channel profiles. The bottom hatch 1 is for instance 4 and 3 modules long of storing reasons. The top hatch 10 is mounted to the main hatch 17 with means of profiles lowered between the cleading 12 and V-cushions 11. The top hatches 10 have a length of 4 and 3 modules and the height may be 20 cm. The formwork is assembled by means of key locks in two parts embedded in the channel profiles 2. Each hatch lock consists of a short lock arm 3 and a long lock arm 4 as well as a key 5. The long lock arm 4 is provided with hole for a locking bolt 7 and the short lock arm 3 is provided with a hole for a permanent bolt 6. The long and short lock arms, which are fastened to the channel profile by means of a locking bolt 7 and 6 are provided at each hatch side. The long lock arm 4 is pushed to and fro in connection with opening and locking. Further the long lock arm 4 is locked and opened by the same bolt 7. The locking bolt 7 and the permanent bolt 6 are of the same dimension and equally far from the hatch joint. The wedge 5 has a vertical front end towards the nearest hatch joint. The lock can be height adjusted lengthwise to vertical bolts without causing an uneven load. With a two-piece key lock both bolt holes will have a sufficient long distance from a hatch joint so that the strength of the channel profile can be completely utilised. The channel profile 2 is contracted so that all hatch sizes may be used for an internal corner. A two-piece hatch lock embedded in the channel profile 2 is very strong, of light weight and makes a possible a height adjustment of two opposite hatches without weakened lock due to uneven load. A hatch lock embedded in the channel profile 2 of the hatch may preferably also be stored there. The cleading 12 is fastened by screws to the framework in a frame cross that is by means of that a screw is also having a hole for that setting. With a two-piece hatch lock the bolt hole 13 is made of the same size and with the same chosen hole distance at both hatch sides. In order to utilize the strength of the bolt holes 13, 18 in full, the holes must be sufficiently withdrawn. Further advantages with the bolt holes 13, 18 of the same size and the same distance from both sides, are simple lock for an external corner, a simpler lock for wall adaptation, a simpler lock for end steps and simpler locking for connection of another formwork system. A two-piece scaffold floor 14 is laid on top of the formwork resting on the cleading 12 and the V-cushions 11 with one half at each form side. The scaffold floor has a longitudinal profile 8 which is recessed in cut outs 16 in the underlying cushions extending a cross V-cushions 11. Each part of the scaffold floor 14 are fixed to the V- cushions 11 by means of a long needle 15 which can be put in and renewed from the upper side of the scaffold. The thickness of the scaffold floor (plywood + profile) is adapted to the free opening of the formwork between the skin and the V-cushions in order to be stored there. The advantages of a two-piece scaffold over the casting mould are several. A large payload is achieved without a large momentary load, a light and easy assembled scaffold floor that easily can be adapted also when the formwork is built in steps and the formwork is well shield against concrete waste. Meeting persons can utilize the width of two scaffold floors + thickness + slanted rails at each side. Further the scaffold floor 14 may be made and transported on standing hatches, also on the same hatch. The formwork may easily be connected to a traditional cassette formwork by means of a transition hatch 21. As the lock arm 20 can be guided through the edge frame 23 on both sides the transition hatch 23 also may be connected the short lock arm 3 on both sides. The edge frame 23 and the enforced frame edge 22 have the same thickness as the main hatch without an H-cushion 9. A hatch connection without opening is achieved with the H-cushion 9 covering two hatches having the same thickness. The transition hatch 21 has a very strong locking connection between two systems due to the lock arm 20 allows a torque free locking connection between the hatches. The light formwork clearly is more flexible than a traditional formwork as to forming and adjusting. By combining this light formwork with for example a heavy crane based formwork by means of a transition hatch 21 ensures a better utilization of two systems in different connections, such as for example utilization of a crane or not utilization of a crane, splitting up moulding laps or not in connection with not current corner angles, pilaster made simultaneously with wall moulding, wall with board formwork etc. One disadvantage with traditional cassette formworks is the different hatch locks why the transition hatches 21 have to be adjusted to each individual system. There are large advantages with transition hatches 21 with flush mounted lock arms 20 as they may be included also as an adequate hatch in the cassette formwork it belongs to.




 
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