TITLE: GUARDED COAXIAL CABLE ASSEMBLY

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Field of the Invention

[0001] The present invention relates to an article of manufacture for conducting electrical signals. In particular, a guarded coaxial cable is provided for conducting signals.

Discussion of the Related Art

[0002] Coaxial cables typically used for television including satellite, cable TV and antenna cables are typically 7 mm in diameter, a size large enough to limit signal loss over the distances traveled from an outside location to a location inside a home or building. Typically these cables originate outside a home or apartment such as a multiple dwelling unit (MDU) and terminate inside where TV, wireless, data reception, or satellite reception equipment is located.

[0003] A cable normally enters a building through a hole drilled in a wall. But, drilling a hole in a wall and routing a cable through the hole makes a permanent alteration to the building. Since MDU occupants typically do not own the premises, this simple action raises issues including unauthorized building modifications, ownership of the cable modifications, liability for changes and liability for related safety issues.

[0004] Wireless solutions do not solve this problem. While capacitive coupling solves the problem of transporting high frequency signals across a glass boundary, such wireless solutions are unable to transport mid and low frequency signals. And, transporting very high frequency signals, for example gigahertz signals such as 28 gigahertz signals, through wall & double glass structures presents problems. In particular, network signals, cable and satellite television signals, electric powering of outdoor devices, and low frequency control signals must be transported using electrical conductors such as twisted pair and coaxial cables. [0005] A solution using the space between the windows or doors and their frame is well known. Here, cables are passed through an existing opening without modification to the building structure. But, using such openings to pass a typical 6 to 7 mm O.D. cable presents challenges including closing the window or door when it is blocked by the cable and maintaining a fully functional cable when it is deformed by impact and compression from operation of the window or door.

[0006] The gap between a window/door and its frame is typically less than the 6 to 7 mm size of the cable. In many windows and doors, the space provided for soft weather sealing material and/or the latching tolerance of the door/frame interface provides a gap on the order of about 3 mm. Therefore, a 6 to 7 mm cable in this application will likely be squeezed and damaged while a cable of 3 mm or smaller diameter will likely avoid damage.

[0007] Coaxial cable deformations are undesirable because they damage cable covering and abruptly change the coaxial cable conductor spacing. The same is true of twisted pair cabling. For example, with coaxial cable conductor spacing changes tend to change the characteristic impedance of the cable and reflect radio frequency power back toward the source, causing a condition called standing waves. The abrupt change in impedance acts as a signal bottleneck and may result in detrimental data delays and signal lock-ups found in satellite TV signal transmission systems.

[0008] Twisted pair and coaxial cable entry solutions face a variety of problems including one or more of : l) traveling through a small space between the closed window/door and its frame! 2) destruction or degradation from impacts when windows or doors are operated; 3) functioning within its specifications, for example a DBS Satellite coaxial cable must maintain a minimum impedance matching of the RF signal ( 12dB minimum return loss at 2150 MHz) in order for the home device to operate correctly; and 4) passing electric current such as a DC current to power an outside device and low frequency control signals when needed. [0009] The present methods of solving these problems lie in the construction of an extension cable that can pass through the small space and have coaxial connectors at each end to re-fasten the larger 7 mm coaxial long distance transmission cable at each end. These methods include using cables with diameters in the range of 3-4 mm, using armor such as metallic armor and other armoring methods known to persons of ordinary skill in the art, and using flattened cable or coaxial cable to provide a thin profile.

[0010] None of these methods provides a robust solution. The first method often fails to protect the cable since cables over 3 mm in diameter are larger than the typical available window/door to frame gaps. When the door or window is closed, these cables are deformed to varying degrees rendering them useless or degrading their performance. In addition, the outer covering on such cables is soft and easily breached by repeated operation of windows/doors.

[0011] The second method not only uses cables larger than 3 mm, it also prevents the cable from making sharp turns such as 90 degree bends typical of the window and door frame applications. Here, the minimum bending radius of the extender cable is unacceptably increased by the armor.

[0012] The third method using a flat/non-circular coaxial cable provides inferior performance even before it is installed. In addition, bending the flat twisted pair or coaxial cable in one or more sharp bends of window/door frames further distorts the cable cross-section and impairs signal transmission.

Further, this solution requires a soft sheath for bends that can easily be breached by repetitive impacts from operation of windows/doors.

[0013] What is needed for various applications is a guarded cable utilizing untwisted or twisted conductors or a coaxial cable assembly. For example a cable assembly including a coaxial cable having features including one or more of the following: l) a cable assembly providing good RF performance including meeting industry standards such as 10 dB return loss, for a 75 ohm impedance, at a highest frequency of about 2150 MHz; 2) the cable assembly safely passing DC currents up to about 1.5 amperes with acceptable and/or minimal loss; 3) the cable assembly able to make multiple 90 degree bends to fit into the door frame; and, 4) the cable assembly performing within its specifications despite repeated impacts from windows/doors.

[0014] While known solutions are widely employed and the networking and cable and satellite television industries show little interest in developing new solutions, the present invention offers significant advancements over what has been done before.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0015] In the present invention, a guarded cable assembly includes untwisted or twisted conductiors or a micro-coaxial cable and an adjacent rail or bumper member where at least a portion of the assembly can be deformed to assume and substantially maintain a plurality of different shapes. Twisted and untwisted conductors may provide maintenance of digital data rate and/or DC power for example POE (power over Ethernet).

[0016] In various embodiments the invention provides for one or more of an improved method of transporting signals such as RF signals, DC current, and low frequency control signals via a guarded coaxial cable assembly and transporting the same through a confined space such as the gap between doors/windows and an abutting frame member.

[0017] In an embodiment a guarded cables comprises: a first rail extending alongside two nearby conductors; the rail and the conductors embedded in an outer electrically insulating jacket; the outer jacket having a pair of generally opposed bearing surfaces for bearing transverse loads; the rail operative to reduce outer jacket deformations resulting from transverse loads applied to the bearing surfaces; and, the orientation of the rail and the conductors within the outer jacket operative to limit conductor or conductor jacket deformations resulting from transverse loads applied to the bearing surfaces.

[0018] In some embodiments the guarded cables include two conductors are a center conductor and ground conductor that surrounds the center conductor. In some embodiments the guarded cables include a second rail, the guarded cable being arranged between the first and the second rails. In some embodiments, the guarded cable conductors are portions of a coaxial cable and a rail diameter is less than the coaxial cable diameter. In some embodiments, the guarded cables coaxial cable diameter is less than or equal to two times a rail diameter. In some embodiments, the guarded cables include a total of at least eight conductors arranged in substantially parallel arrangement; and, the conductors arranged between the first and a second rails. In some embodiments, the guarded cables include a conductor jacket for providing electrical insulation. In some embodiments the guarded cable rail diameter equal to or less than a conductor jacket diameter. In some embodiments, the guarded cable rail diameter equal to or less than a conductor diameter. In some embodiments the guarded cable pairs of conductors are twisted to form a twisted cable.

[0019] In an embodiment a cable comprises: conductors including four or more pairs of insulated conductors flanked by spaced apart uninsulated conductors; each pair of insulated conductors being twisted and each of the uninsulated conductors being untwisted; each pair of insulated conductors providing a balanced line; one or more pairs of the insulated conductors extending between RJ type connectors that provide data communications; the pairs of insulated conductors embedded in an outermost electrically insulating jacket; each of the uninsulated conductors embedded in the outermost

electrically insulating jacket; the outermost jacket having a pair of generally opposed bearing surfaces for bearing transverse loads; the uninsulated

conductors operative to reduce outermost jacket deformations resulting from transverse loads applied to the bearing surfaces; and, the uninsulated conductors and the insulated conductors oriented within the outermost jacket operative to limit one or both of insulated conductor and conductor jacket deformations resulting from transverse loads applied to the bearing surfaces.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] The present invention is described with reference to the accompanying figures. These figures, incorporated herein and forming part of the specification, illustrate the invention and, together with the description, further serve to explain its principles enabling a person skilled in the relevant art to make and use the invention.

[0021] FIG. 1 shows a guarded coaxial cable assembly in accordance with the present invention.

[0022] FIG. 2 shows section of the cableway of the guarded coaxial cable assembly of FIG. 1.

[0023] FIG. 3 shows an enlarged cross-section of the cableway of the guarded coaxial cable assembly of FIG. 1.

[0024] FIG. 4 shows an enlarged cross-section of a coaxial cable of the guarded coaxial cable assembly of FIG. 1.

[0025] FIG. 5 shows forces applied to an enlarged cross-section of the cableway of the guarded coaxial cable assembly of FIG. 1.

[0026] FIG. 6 shows the guarded coaxial cable assembly of FIG. 1 installed in a window or door frame.

[0027] FIG. 7 shows the guarded coaxial cable assembly of FIG. 1 being squeezed by a closed window or door.

[0028] FIGS. 8A-B show a guarded cable assembly of a first type.

[0029] FIGS. 9A-B show a guarded cable assembly of a second type. [0030] FIGS. 10A-B show a guarded cable assembly of a third type. [0031] FIGS. 11A-B show a guarded cable assembly of a fourth type.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0032] The disclosure provided in the following pages describes examples of some embodiments of the invention. The designs, figures, and description are non-limiting examples of embodiments they disclose. For example, other embodiments of the disclosed device and/or method may or may not include the features described herein. Moreover, disclosed advantages and benefits may apply to only certain embodiments of the invention and should not be used to limit the disclosed invention.

[0033] To the extent parts, components and functions of the described invention exchange electric power or signals, the associated interconnections and couplings may be direct or indirect unless explicitly described as being hmited to one or the other. Notably, parts that are connected or coupled may be indirectly connected and may have interposed devices including devices known to persons of ordinary skill in the art.

[0034] FIG. 1 shows a guarded coaxial cable assembly in accordance with the present invention 100. A substantially flat cableway 102 interconnects with and extends between first and second connectors 104, 108. In some

embodiments, over-moldings or boots 106, 110 surround an interface between each connector and the cableway. In some embodiments, auxiliary connectors 114, 118 with respective auxiliary leads 115, 117 are included.

[0035] FIG. 2 shows a perspective view of a portion of the cableway 200. An exposed end of the cableway 201 reveals a cross-section including a micro- coaxial cable 206, two rails 202, 204 and an outer jacket or matrix 208. In some embodiments a single rail is used. In an embodiment, a centerline of the micro- coaxial cable lies substantially along an imaginary surface defined by a plurality of imaginary lines of shortest distance extending between the rails.

[0036] Any suitable coaxial cable connectors 104, 108 known to persons of ordinary skill in the art may be used with the micro-coaxial cable 206. In an embodiment, "F" type coaxial cable connectors are used. In other embodiments, BNC or RCA type connectors are used. In either case, the connectors may be male, female or mixed. In an embodiment, the guarded coaxial cable assembly includes female connectors on each end for interconnection with the male connectors of a larger feeder RF cable.

[0037] FIG. 3 shows an enlarged cross -sectional view of the cableway 300. In the embodiment shown, the cable jacket is substantially flat having a thickness "t" suitable for location in narrow passages such as between a door and a door jamb or a window and a window sill. In an embodiment, the cable jacket thickness is in the range of about 2 to 5 mm. And, in an embodiment, the cable jacket thickness is about 3 mm. The cableway width "w" is selected such that the outer jacket envelops the micro-coaxial cables and the rails. In an

embodiment, the cable jacket is in the range of about 2 x (dl + dl + d2) to 5 x (dl + dl + d2) where dl is the outer diameter of each rail and d2 is the outer diameter of the micro-coaxial cable 206. And, in an embodiment, the cable jacket width is in the range of about 8.4 to 21 mm. In yet another embodiment, the cable jacket width is about 12 mm.

[0038] Materials suited for use as cable jackets include flexible, nonconducting and abrasion resistant materials. A number of polymers, including one or more of rubber, silicon, PVC, polyethylene, neoprene, chlorosulphonated polyethylene, and thermoplastic CPE can be used.

[0039] Construction methods for integrating the cable jacket 208, rails 202, 204 and micro-coaxial cable 206 include any suitable method known to persons of ordinary skill in the art. In an embodiment, the cable jacket 208 envelops the rails and micro-coaxial cable as it is extruded from a die. In some embodiments (as shown), the jacket envelopes the rails and micro-coaxial cable and fills the spaces between them. In yet another embodiment, the assembly is molded such as by filling a mold holding the micro-coaxial cable and rail(s) with a fluid that will solidify and become the cable jacket. Suitable fluids include fluids useful in making the above polymers and other fluids useful for making suitable jacket materials and known to persons of ordinary skill in the art.

[0040] FIG. 4 shows a cross-sectional view of the micro-coaxial cable 400. A dielectric material 404 separates a central conductor 402 and a conductive ground sheath 406 and the sheath is surrounded by a protective non-conducting outer jacket 408. The selected micro-coaxial cable should be appropriate for the intended service, such as cable TV or feeds from Direct Broadcast Satellite receiving dishes for example.

[0041] In an embodiment, the invention includes use of 75 ohm micro- coaxial cable having an outside diameter less than 2 mm which can make a 90 degree bend in a small space and maintain true coaxial performance. The micro cable is protected from radial impact and abrasion by a protective jacket.

[0042] Exemplary micro-coaxial cables include MCX™ brand cables sold by Hitachi Cable Manchester. In some embodiments the micro-coaxial cable outer jacket includes a non-stick material such as Teflon ^® promoting relative motion between the cable and the outer jacket 208.

[0043] Whether a single rail or two or more rails are used (two are shown) 202, 204, the rail(s) preferentially bear transverse loads applied to the cableway 102 and tend to prevent harmful compression of the micro-coaxial cable. In various embodiments, the diameter of the micro-coaxial cable d2 is greater than or equal to the diameter of the rails dl. In some of these embodiments the ratio of the diameters d2/dl is in the range of about 1.0 to 2.0.

[0044] In various other embodiments (as shown) the diameter of the micro- coaxial cable d2 is chosen to be somewhat less than the diameter of the rails dl for added protection. In some of these embodiments the ratio of diameters dl/d2 is in the about 1.0 to 2.0

[0045] FIG. 5 shows a portion of a cableway subjected to a load 500. In particular, the cableway 102 is squeezed between opposed passage parts 502, 504 tending to compress the cableway. Choosing rail materials that are relatively incompressible as compared to the cableway jacket materials results in most of the load being borne along and near lines s-s and v-v passing through the respective centers of the rails. An example of such a preferential force

distribution is shown in opposed force profiles 512, 514.

[0046] Materials suited for rail construction are relatively incompressible as compared to cableway jacket materials. In some embodiments, rail

construction materials are flexible. And, in some embodiments rail construction materials tend, at least partially, to retain deformed shapes such as an angular profile after being bent around a corner.

[0047] In various embodiments, rail construction materials include metals and metal alloys with one or more of iron, steel, copper, aluminum, tin, nickel and other metals known by persons of ordinary skill in the art to have suitable properties. In some embodiments, rail construction materials include non- metals such as polymers. For example, a segmented/articulated rail made from PVC can be used, the segments imparting flexibility and/or a tendency to retain, at least partially, a deformed shape.

[0048] In embodiments with conductive rail materials, the rails can serve as conductors. In some such embodiments using two conductive rails, the rails at one end of the guarded coaxial cable are interconnected via a lead 115 with a first electrical connector 114 and the rails at the other end of the guarded coaxial cable are interconnected via a lead 117 with a second electrical connector 118. As persons of ordinary skill in the art will understand, the power handling capability of the rails will be determined by their physical and material properties and the connectors will be chosen to suit the application. [0049] Uses for guarded coaxial cable assemblies include passing through windows, doors and other confined spaces where an unprotected coaxial cable might otherwise be damaged. As discussed above, such protection is desirable for, inter alia, preserving signal quality. And, as discussed above various embodiments orient one or more rails 202, 204 and a micro-coaxial cable in a flat cableway 102 such that transverse loads applied to the cableway are

preferentially borne by the rail(s).

[0050] FIG. 6 shows a guarded coaxial cable assembly installed in an open sliding window or door jamb 600. Here, the cable assembly passes between the opposed passage parts 502, 504 located on a respective sliding sash 602 and a fixed jamb 604. When the sash slides along a slide part 603, it presses a cableway section of the cable assembly 606 into a shape matching the "U" shaped profile of the confined space.

[0051] FIG. 7 shows a guarded coaxial cable assembly installed in a closed sliding window or door jamb 700. As described above in connection with FIG. 5, the rails 202, 204 of the cableway 102 guard the micro-coaxial cable 206 against compression and crushing due to closing the sash or door 602 and squeezing the cableway between the passage parts 502, 504.

[0052] In addition to a micro coaxial cable, an unshielded pair or twisted pair may be used. For example any of CAT5, CAT5e, CAT6, CAT7, and CAT7a may be used.

[0053] FIGS. 8A-B show perspective and end views of a cableway 800A-B. An exposed end of the cableway 801 reveals a cross-section including one or more twisted pair 811, 812, 813, 814 flanked by one or two rails 802, 804 and an outer jacket or matrix 806. In an embodiment, a centerline of the twisted pairs lies substantially along an imaginary surface defined by a plurality of imaginary lines of shortest distance extending between the rails.

[0054] Any suitable twisted pair connectors known to persons of ordinary skill in the art may be used with the cableway 800A-B. In an embodiment, "RJ45" type connectors or CAT 5 compatible connectors are used. In other embodiments, BNC or RCA type connectors are used. In either case, the connectors may be male, female or mixed. In an embodiment, the guarded cable assembly includes female connectors on each end for interconnection with the male connectors. In an embodiment, the guarded cable assembly includes male connectors on each end for interconnection with female connectors.

[0055] FIG. 8B shows an enlarged cross-sectional view of the cableway 800B. In the embodiment shown, the cable jacket is substantially flat having a thickness "t" suitable for location in narrow passages such as between a door and a door jamb or a window and a window sill. In an embodiment, the cable jacket thickness is in the range of about 4 to 8 mm. And, in an embodiment, the cable jacket thickness is about 6 mm. The cableway width "w" is selected such that the outer jacket envelops the twisted pair cables and the rails. In an

embodiment, the cable jacket is in the range of about 0.5 x (dl + dl + d2) to 2 x (dl + dl + d2) where dl is the outer diameter of each rail and d2 is the outer diameter of the twisted pair or bundle of twisted pair cables 811-814. And, in an embodiment, the cable jacket width is in the range of about 8 to 24 mm. In yet another embodiment, the cable jacket width is about 18 mm.

[0056] Materials suited for use as cable jackets include flexible, nonconducting and abrasion resistant materials. A number of polymers, including one or more of rubber, silicon, PVC, polyethylene, neoprene, chlorosulphonated polyethylene, and thermoplastic CPE can be used.

[0057] Construction methods for integrating the cable jacket 806, rails 802, 804 and twisted pair(s) 811-814 include any suitable method known to persons of ordinary skill in the art. In an embodiment, the cable jacket 806 envelops the rails and twisted pairs as it is extruded from a die. In some embodiments (as shown), the jacket envelopes the rails and twisted pairs and fills the spaces between them. In yet another embodiment, the assembly is molded such as by filling a mold holding the twisted pairs and rail(s) with a fluid that will solidify and become the cable jacket. Suitable fluids include fluids useful in making the above the above polymers and other fluids useful for making suitable jacket materials and known to persons of ordinary skill in the art.

[0058] In an embodiment, the twisted pair incudes two conductors that are insulated and twisted. FIG. 8B shows this construction. In the figure, a typical wire of the twisted pair 820-821 includes a solid conductor 822 in an insulating jacket 824. The wire is twisted with an adjacent wire to form a twisted pair. In some embodiments one or more twisted pair are encased in a jacket 826.

[0059] In an embodiment, the twisted pair cables relying on the balanced line twisted pair design and differential signaling for noise rejection and cable performance or bandwidth is 100 MHz or higher.

[0060] In an embodiment, the invention includes use of a twisted pair having an outside diameter of less than 3 mm. In an embodiment the cable can make a 90 degree bend in a small space. In various embodiments, the cable can maintain true twisted pair performance, for example CAT 5 performance.

[0061] In an embodiment, the invention includes use of four twisted pair having an outside diameter of less than 7 mm. In an embodiment the cable can make a 90 degree bend in a small space. In various embodiments, the cable can maintain true twisted pair performance, for example CAT 5 performance.

[0062] In some embodiments a cable or conductor outer jacket includes a non-stick material such as Teflon ^® promoting relative motion between the cable or conductor and the outer jacket 208.

[0063] Whether a single rail or two or more rails are used (two are shown) 802, 804, the rail(s) preferentially bear transverse loads applied to the cableway and tend to prevent harmful compression of the twisted pair(s). In some embodiments, the diameter of the twisted pair cable d2 is less than or equal to the diameter of the rails. In some of these embodiments the ratio of the diameters dl/d2 is in the range of about 1.0 to 2.0. [0064] FIGS. 9A-B show perspective and end views of a cableway 900A-B. An exposed end of the cableway 901 reveals a cross-section including one or more twisted pair 911, 912, 913, 914 flanked by one or two rails 902, 904 and an outer jacket or matrix 906. In an embodiment, centerlines of the twisted pairs lies substantially along an imaginary surface defined by a plurality of imaginary lines of shortest distance extending between the rails.

[0065] Any suitable twisted pair connectors known to persons of ordinary skill in the art may be used with the cableway 900A-B. In an embodiment, "RJ45" type connectors or CAT 5 compatible connectors are used. In other embodiments, BNC or RCA type connectors are used. In either case, the connectors may be male, female or mixed. In an embodiment, the guarded cable assembly includes female connectors on each end for interconnection with the male connectors. In an embodiment, the guarded cable assembly includes male connectors on each end for interconnection with female connectors.

[0066] FIG. 9B shows an enlarged cross -sectional view of the cableway 900B. In the embodiment shown, the cable jacket is substantially flat having a thickness "t" suitable for location in narrow passages such as between a door and a door jamb or a window and a window sill. In an embodiment, the cable jacket thickness is in the range of about 2 to 6 mm. And, in an embodiment, the cable jacket thickness is about 3 mm. The cableway width "w" is selected such that the outer jacket envelops the twisted pair cables and the rails. In an

embodiment, the cable jacket is in the range of about (0.8 x (dl + dl + 4d2)) to (5 x (dl + dl + 4d2)) where dl is the outer diameter of each rail and d2 is the outer diameter of each twisted pair 911-914. And, in an embodiment, the cable jacket width is in the range of about 11 to 21 mm. In yet another embodiment, the cable jacket width is about 16 mm.

[0067] Materials suited for use as cable jackets include flexible, nonconducting and abrasion resistant materials. A number of polymers, including one or more of rubber, silicon, PVC, polyethylene, neoprene, chlorosulphonated polyethylene, and thermoplastic CPE can be used. [0068] Construction methods for integrating the cable jacket 906, rails 902, 904 and twisted pair(s) 911-914 include any suitable method known to persons of ordinary skill in the art. In an embodiment, the cable jacket 906 envelops the rails and twisted pairs as it is extruded from a die. In some embodiments (as shown), the jacket envelopes the rails and twisted pairs and fills the spaces between them. In yet another embodiment, the assembly is molded such as by filling a mold holding the twisted pairs and rail(s) with a fluid that will solidify and become the cable jacket. Suitable fluids include fluids useful in making the above the above polymers and other fluids useful for making suitable jacket materials and known to persons of ordinary skill in the art.

[0069] In an embodiment, the twisted pair incudes two conductors that are insulated and twisted. See the discussion of FIG. 8B for details.

[0070] In an embodiment, the invention includes use of a twisted pair having an outside diameter of less than 3 mm. In an embodiment the cable can make a 90 degree bend in a small space. In various embodiments, the cable can maintain true twisted pair performance, for example CAT 5 performance.

[0071] In some embodiments the cable or conductor outer jacket includes a non-stick material such as Teflon ^® promoting relative motion between the cable or conductor and the outer jacket 208.

[0072] Whether a single rail or two or more rails are used (two are shown) 802, 804, the rail(s) preferentially bear transverse loads applied to the cableway and tend to prevent harmful compression of the twisted pair(s). In some embodiments, the diameter of the twisted pair cable d2 is less than or equal to the diameter of the rails. In some of these embodiments the ratio of the diameters dl/d2 is in the range of about 1.0 to 2.0.

[0073] FIGS. 10A-B show perspective and end views of a cableway 1000A- B. An exposed end of the cableway 1001 reveals a cross-section including one or more pair 1011, 1012, 1013, 1014 flanked by one or two rails 1002, 1004 and an outer jacket or matrix 1006. The pairs are not twisted. In an embodiment, centerlines of the pairs he substantially along an imaginary surface defined by a plurality of imaginary lines of shortest distance extending between the rails.

[0074] Any suitable connectors known to persons of ordinary skill in the art may be used with the cableway 1000A-B. In an embodiment, "RJ45" type connectors are used or CAT 5 compatible connectors are used. In other

embodiments, BNC or RCA type connectors are used. In either case, the connectors may be male, female or mixed. In an embodiment, the guarded cable assembly includes female connectors on each end for interconnection with the male connectors. In an embodiment, the guarded cable assembly includes male connectors on each end for interconnection with female connectors.

[0075] FIG. 10B shows an enlarged cross -sectional view of the cableway 1000B. In the embodiment shown, the cable jacket is substantially flat having a thickness "t" suitable for location in narrow passages such as between a door and a door jamb or a window and a window sill. In an embodiment, the cable jacket thickness is in the range of about 1.5 to 3 mm. And, in an embodiment, the cable jacket thickness is about 2.2 mm. The cableway width "w" is selected such that the outer jacket envelops the twisted pair cables and the rails. In an

embodiment, the cable jacket is in the range of about (1.0 x (dl + dl + 8d2)) to (1.8 x (dl + dl + 8d2)) where dl is the outer diameter of each rail and d2 is the outer diameter of each the wires in the pairs 1011-1014. And, in an embodiment, the cable jacket width is in the range of about 10 to 19 mm. In yet another embodiment, the cable jacket width is about 14 mm.

[0076] Materials suited for use as cable jackets include flexible, nonconducting and abrasion resistant materials. A number of polymers, including one or more of rubber, silicon, PVC, polyethylene, neoprene, chlorosulphonated polyethylene, and thermoplastic CPE can be used.

[0077] Construction methods for integrating the cable jacket 1006, rails 1002, 1004 and conductors 1011-1014 include any suitable method known to persons of ordinary skill in the art. In an embodiment, the cable jacket 1006 envelops the rails and conductors as it is extruded from a die. In some

embodiments (as shown), the jacket envelopes the rails and conductors and fills the spaces between them. In yet another embodiment, the assembly is molded such as by filling a mold holding the conductors and rail(s) with a fluid that will solidify and become the cable jacket. Suitable fluids include fluids useful in making the above the above polymers and other fluids useful for making suitable jacket materials and known to persons of ordinary skill in the art.

[0078] In an embodiment, the invention includes uses pair wires having an outside diameter of less than 1.5 mm. In an embodiment the cable can make a 90 degree bend in a small space. In various embodiments, the cable can maintain true twisted pair performance, for example CAT 5 performance. In various embodiments, the cable can maintain true twisted pair performance, for example CAT 5 performance minimums. In an embodiment, the cable

bandwidth is greater than 50 MHz.

[0079] In some embodiments the micro-coaxial cable outer jacket includes a non-stick material such as Teflon ^® promoting relative motion between the cable and the outer jacket 208.

[0080] Whether a single rail or two or more rails are used (two are shown) 1002, 1004, the rail(s) preferentially bear transverse loads applied to the cableway and tend to prevent harmful compression of the twisted pair(s). In some embodiments, the diameter of the pair wires d2 is less than or equal to the diameter of the rails. In some of these embodiments the ratio of the diameters dl/d2 is in the range of about 1.0 to 2.0.

[0081] FIGS. 11A-B show end views of cableways 1100A-B similar to those found in FIG. 9B and 10B.

[0082] FIGS. 11A shows an end views of a cableway 1100A. An exposed end of the cableway 1101 reveals a cross-section including one or more twisted pair 1111 (4X twisted pair in this embodiment) flanked by one or two rails 1102, 1104 and an outer jacket or matrix 1106. In an embodiment, centerlines of the twisted pairs lies substantially along an imaginary surface defined by a plurality of imaginary lines of shortest distance extending between the rails.

[0083] In various embodiments the twisted pair is jacketed 1109 and/or in a matrix 1107 similar to the matrix above 1106. And in various embodiments the conductors "el" of the twisted pair are jacketed 1129.

[0084] Any suitable twisted pair connectors known to persons of ordinary skill in the art may be used with this cableway 1100A. In an embodiment, "RJ45" type connectors or CAT 5 compatible connectors are used. In other embodiments, BNC or RCA type connectors are used. In either case, the connectors may be male, female or mixed. In an embodiment, the guarded cable assembly includes female connectors on each end for interconnection with the male connectors. In an embodiment, the guarded cable assembly includes male connectors on each end for interconnection with female connectors.

[0085] As shown, the cable jacket is substantially flat having a thickness "t" suitable for location in narrow passages such as between a door and a door jamb or a window and a window sill. Cableway dimensions are selected according to the application. Dimensions for specific embodiments include those found in the table below.

[0086] Materials suited for use as cable jackets include flexible, nonconducting and abrasion resistant materials. A number of polymers, including one or more of rubber, silicon, PVC, polyethylene, neoprene, chlorosulphonated polyethylene, and thermoplastic CPE can be used.

[0087] Construction methods for integrating the cable jacket 1106, rails 1102, 1104 and twisted pair(s) 1111 include any suitable method known to persons of ordinary skill in the art. In an embodiment, the cable jacket 1106 envelops the rails and twisted pairs as it is extruded from a die. In some embodiments (as shown), the jacket envelopes the rails and twisted pairs and fills the spaces between them. In yet another embodiment, the assembly is molded such as by filling a mold holding the twisted pairs and rail(s) with a fluid that will solidify and become the cable jacket. Suitable fluids include fluids useful in making the above the above polymers and other fluids useful for making suitable jacket materials and known to persons of ordinary skill in the art.

[0088] In an embodiment, the twisted pair incudes two conductors that are insulated 1129 and twisted. See the discussion of FIG. 8B for details.

[0089] In an embodiment, the invention includes use of a twisted pair having an outside diameter of less than 3 mm and in an embodiment the cable can make a 90 degree bend in a small space, for example wrapping around doors and window frames while allowing the door or window to be closed. In various embodiments, the cable can maintain true twisted pair performance, for example CAT 5 performance.

[0090] In some embodiments the outer jacket 1109 includes a non-stick material such as Teflon ^® promoting relative motion between the cable and the outer jacket 1106.

[0091] Whether a single rail or two or more rails are used (two are shown) 1102, 1104, the rail(s) bear or preferentially bear transverse loads applied to the cableway and tend to prevent harmful compression of the twisted pair(s) and/or of the conductors of the twisted pairs. [0092] In some embodiments, the diameter of the twisted air cable e3 is less than or equal to the diameter of the rails and in some embodiments the diameter of the rails is less than the diameter of the twisted pair, an insulated conductor of the twisted pair, or a conductor of the twisted pair. In some of these embodiments the ratio of the diameters e4/e3 is in the range of about 1.0 to 2.0. And in some embodiments the ration of the diameters e3/e4 is in the range of about 1.0 to 2.0.

[0093] Applicant notes that conductors may be arranged in substantially parallel arrangement with respect to the rail or rails. Substantially in this context means that variation owing to the twisting of the conductors required to form the twisted cable continues to be considered a parallel arrangement.

[0094] FIGS. 11B shows an end views of a cableway 1100B. An exposed end of the cableway 1151 reveals a cross-section including one or more pair (4 pair shown) 1161 flanked by one or two rails 1152, 1154 and an outer jacket or matrix 1156. The pairs are not twisted. In an embodiment, centerlines of the pairs lie substantially along an imaginary surface defined by a plurality of imaginary lines of shortest distance extending between the rails.

[0095] Any suitable connectors known to persons of ordinary skill in the art may be used with the cableway 1100B. In an embodiment, "RJ45" type connectors are used or CAT 5 compatible connectors are used. In other embodiments, BNC or RCA type connectors are used. In either case, the connectors may be male, female or mixed. In an embodiment, the guarded cable assembly includes female connectors on each end for interconnection with the male connectors. In an embodiment, the guarded cable assembly includes male connectors on each end for interconnection with female connectors.

[0096] In the embodiment shown, the cable jacket is substantially flat having a thickness "t" suitable for location in narrow passages such as between a door and a door jamb or a window and a window sill. Dimensions for specific embodiments include those found in the table below. Emb Ddiments

Variable First Second

t 1.2-2.5 mm; 2 mm 1.2-2.5; 2.0 mm;

w 9-16 mm; 23 mm (1.0 x (e4 + e4 + 4e3)) to (1.9 x

(e4 +e4 +4e3))

fl 0.4-1.0 mm; 0.5 mm 0.4-1.0 mm; 0.5 mm

f2 0.8-1.5 mm; 1.0 mm 1.5-2.5 mm; 2.0 mm

f4 0.4-0.75 m m; 0.5 mm 0.4-0.75; 0.5 mm

[0097] Materials suited for use as cable jackets include flexible, nonconducting and abrasion resistant materials. A number of polymers, including one or more of rubber, silicon, PVC, polyethylene, neoprene, chlorosulphonated polyethylene, and thermoplastic CPE can be used.

[0098] Construction methods for integrating the cable jacket 1156, rails 1152, 1154 and pair(s) 1011 include any suitable method known to persons of ordinary skill in the art. In an embodiment, the cable jacket 1156 envelops the rails and twisted pairs as it is extruded from a die. In some embodiments (as shown), the jacket envelopes the rails and twisted pairs and fills the spaces between them. In yet another embodiment, the assembly is molded such as by filling a mold holding the twisted pairs and rail(s) with a fluid that will solidify and become the cable jacket. Suitable fluids include fluids useful in making the above the above polymers and other fluids useful for making suitable jacket materials and known to persons of ordinary skill in the art.

[0099] In an embodiment, the invention includes uses pair wires having an outside diameter of less than 1.5 mm. In an embodiment the cable can make a 90 degree bend in a small space such as around a door or around a window frame. In various embodiments, the cable can maintain true twisted pair performance, for example CAT 5 performance. In an embodiment, the cable bandwidth is greater than 50 MHz.

[00100] In an embodiment the cable 1161 may include a jacket or insulating layer 1179. In these embodiments the cable outer jacket 1179 may include a non-stick material such as Teflon ^® promoting relative motion between the cable and the outer jacket 1156.

[00101] Whether a single rail or two or more rails are used (two are shown) 1152, 1154, the rail(s) bear or preferentially bear transverse loads applied to the cableway and tend to prevent harmful compression of the cables 1161. In some embodiments, the diameter of the pair wires f2 is less than or equal to the diameter of the rails 1502, 1504 and in some embodiments the diameter of the rails is less than the diameter of the pair wires. In some of these embodiments the ratio of the diameters f4/f2 or f4/fl is in the range of about 1.0 to 2.0. In some embodiments the ration of the diameters £2/f4 or fl/f4 is in the range of about 1.0 to 2.0.

[00102] While various embodiments of the present invention have been described above, it should be understood that they have been presented by way of example only, and not limitation. It will be apparent to skilled artisans that various changes in form and details can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. As such, the breadth and scope of the present invention should not be limited by the above-described examples, but should be defined only in accordance with the following claims and equivalents thereof.