DURING OPERATION

BACKGROUND

Field

[00013 Embodiments disclosed herein generally relate to sensors integrated in or on tools and configured to provide real-time stress, strain, load, and/or fatigue measurements during operation of the tools.

Description of the Related Art

[00023 Handling tools utilized in oil and gas operations are subjected to very rough conditions. These handling tools carry heavy loads (tubuiars and/or support equipment for example) high above personnel on a rig such that fatigue of these handling tools is a safety risk. These handling tools are inspected at certain times to determine fatigue, and only during these inspections can a dangerous or potentially dangerous problem, such as a crack in the handling tool, be detected.

[0003] Therefore there is a need for a method and apparatus that provides realtime monitoring of stress and strain that lead to fatigue of handling tools.

SUMMARY

[0004] In one embodiment, a handling tool includes a body having a high-stress location, a pocket formed in the high stress location, and a sensor adhered to a surface of the pocket and oriented along an axis of the body.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[OOQS] So that the manner in which the above-recited features of the disclosure can be understood in detail, a more particular description of the disclosure, briefly summarized above, may be had by reference to embodiments, some of which are illustrated in the appended drawings, it is to be noted, however, that the appended drawings illustrate only typical embodiments of this disclosure and are therefore not to be considered limiting of its scope, for the disclosure may admit to other equally effective embodiments. [0006] Figures 1A and 1 B are isometric views of an elevator in an open and closed position, respectively, according to one embodiment,

[0007] Figure 2A is a front view of a portion of the elevator showing an exemplary high-stress location.

[0008] Figure 2B is a cross-sectional view of the high-stress location of Figure 2A.

[0009] To facilitate understanding, identical reference numerals have been used, where possible, to designate identical elements that are common to the figures. It is contemplated that elements disclosed in one embodiment may be beneficially utilized on other embodiments without specific recitation.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0010] Embodiments disclosed herein relate to measuring stress, strain, and load that cause fatigue of a handling tool utilized in oil and gas operations. The stress, strain, and load may be measured by sensors in or on the handling tool during operation. An exemplary handling tool is an elevator (or other similar tubular handling tools), which is generally a hinged device that is used to clamp around a tubular (e.g. drill pipe or casing) to facilitate lifting, conveying, and lowering of a single tubular or a string of tubulars. Embodiments of the disclosure, however, may be utilized in other handling tools as well as other machinery that experiences high stress, strain, and loading during operation.

[0011] Figures 1A and 1 B are isometric views of an elevator 100 in an open position and a closed position, respectively, according to one embodiment. The components of the elevator 100 may be formed out of a metallic material. The elevator 100 includes a main body member 105 having a plurality of hinged members 1 10A and 1 10B that are coupled to the main body member 105 at one end by a hinge device 1 15. The main body member 105 includes two ears 120 from which the elevator 100 may be suspended, such as by the bails of a travelling block.

[0012] The plurality of hinged members 11 OA and 10B may be configured as a door 125 that may be open as shown in Figure 1A or closed as shown in Figure 1 B to define a center hole 155 within which a tubular or other tool may be clamped. Tubulars thai may be supported by the elevator 100 include but are not limited to drill pipe, casing, tubing, and sucker rods that are utilized in an oil and gas operation. The door 125 may be selectively opened as shown in Figure 1A to allow passage of the tubular or tool into and out of the center hole 155 of the elevator 100.

[0013] The elevator 100 includes one or more sensors 215 (illustrated in Figures 2A and 2B) located on or in high-stress locations 35 of the elevator 100. The high- stress locations 135 may be areas of the main body member 105 and/or the door 125 that experience high radial loading and/or high cross-axial loading. The high- stress locations 135 may include certain portions of the door 125, such as a latch 140 and/or hinge plates 145, as well as certain portions of the main body member 105, such as a base 150 and/or a wall of the center hole 155.

[0014] The sensors 215 may be one or more strain gauges, load ceils, and/or other suitable devices that measure one or a combination of stress, strain, loading, and fatigue. Each of the sensors 215 may measure and/or monitor stress, strain, load, and/or fatigue along one axis, two axes, or three axes of the main body member 105 and/or the door 125.

[0015] Figure 2A is a front view of a portion of the elevator 100 of Figures 1A and 1 B showing an exemplary high-stress location 135. Figure 2B is a cross-sectional view of the high-stress location 135 of Figure 2A.

[0016] The high-stress location 135 includes a pocket 200 formed in the main body member 105 and/or the door 125. The pocket 200 may include a bottom surface 205 and a sidewall 210. The pocket 200 may be machined into the main body member 105 and/or the door 125, or formed into the main body member 105 and/or the door 125 during fabrication of the elevator 100.

[0017] A sensor 215 may be placed in the pocket 200 to monitor stress and strain on or in the high-stress location 135. in one embodiment, the sensor 215 may include one or more strain gauges. In one embodiment, the sensor 215 may include one or more load cells, in one embodiment, the sensor 215 may utilize one or more electrical signals that change in magnitude in proportion to an amount of load being applied to the high-stress location 135. [0018] A protective coating 220 (shown in Figure 2B) may be placed over the sensor 215. The protective coating 220 may be a casting, epoxy, glue, or other material that at least partially covers the sensor 215. The protective coating 220 may substantially fill the pocket 200. The protective coating 220 may also include a surface 225 (shown in Figure 2B) that includes a profile that matches a profile of a surface 230 of the high-stress location 135. p© 8j The sensor 215 may be attached to a surface of the pocket 200 by an adhesive, such as glue, which measures and/or monitors the load applied to the high-stress location 135 along at least one axis 218 (such as the longitudinal axis) of the main body member 105 and/or the door 125 that is to be measured and/or monitored. Typically up to three axes of the main body member 105 and/or the door 125 may be measured and/or monitored by one or more of the sensors 215.

[0020] The sensor 2 5 may be wired or wireless and provide real-time stress and strain measurements to one or more feedback units 235. The sensor 215 may include a transmitter/receiver unit 240 that may be queried periodically for a measurement to the feedback unit 235. Alternatively, the transmitter/receiver unit 240 may provide continuous stress and strain measurement data to the feedback unit 235.

[0021] The feedback unit 235 may include one or more gauges monitored by personnel and/or a computer that receives measurement data from the sensor 215. The feedback unit 235 may include preprogrammed values (such as maximum and minimum allowable limits) of stress and strain for the high-stress locations 135. The feedback unit 235 may be equipped with an audible and/or visible alarm when the measured data from the sensor 215 increases above or decreases below the preprogrammed values.

[0022] The sensor 215 and/or the feedback unit 235 may be utilized to measure and calculate data from each high-stress location 135, the data including stress, strain, magnitude of load, and/or life cycle of each high-stress location 135. In one embodiment, the feedback unit 235 may track the amount of load and the number of times such load was carried by the elevator 100. The load may include the weight of tubulars suspended by the elevator 100. [0023] While the foregoing is directed to embodiments of the disclosure, other and further embodiments may be devised without departing from the basic scope thereof, and the scope thereof is determined by the claims that follow.