Field of the Invention. This invention relates to textile industry, more specifically, to the manufacturing of technical fabrics from polymer fiber and threads for the fabrication of special purpose protective garment.

Heat resistant fabrics have a number of applications including the fabrication of protective garment for personnel of hazardous premises or occupations e.g. firefighters, search and rescue, military vocations, electricians (for arc protection), petrochemical industry personnel, emergency response workers etc.. Conventional cellulose or mixed cellulose fabrics are typically preferable for the fabrication of such protective garment due to their relatively simple technology providing for fire safety and relatively comfortable wear.

Despite the wide application of cellulose or mixed cellulose flame resistant fabrics, existing materials impose a number of operational limitations. The inflammability index of many cellulose flame resistant fabrics is insufficient for specific requirements of industrial premises.

To comply with the above requirements, engineers often use intrinsically fire resistant fabrics (e.g. meta-aramide fibers such as Nomex manufactured by Dupont) which increase the cost of the products.

Prior Art. Known are Kevlar 29 para-aramide fibers manufactured by Dupont, US / RF Patent No. 2041986, cl. D 03 D 15/00, which are used for the fabrication of linen-, 3-layer, twill-, satin- and basket-woven technical fabrics. These fabrics are highly resistant and exhibit elasticity against impact loads. Common disadvantages of all Kevlar fabrics are their insufficient flexure stability and compression strength.

Known aramide Kevlar and Nomex or polybenzimidazole (PBI) fibers have lower strength, ultimate elongation and flame resistance compared with e.g. para-aramide UHM or Rusar and therefore products made from these fibers are subject to fast wear-out.

UHM is the abbreviation for heat resistant ultra-strong ultrahigh modulus para-aramide fiber or threads. UHM fiber and threads have useful properties including high strength, incombustibility, durability and high elasticity modulus (K.E. Perepelkin, Advanced Chemical Fiber and Its Promise for Textile Industry. Russian Chemical Journal, 2002, No. 1, p. 42).

Rusar is another type of heat resistant ultra-strong ultrahigh modulus para-aramide fiber or threads. Rusar fiber and threads pertain to the heterocyclic family and have the following composition: polyamidobenzimidazole based on heterocyclic n-diamine (45-35 mol.%), n-phenylenediamine (5-15 mol.%) and terephthaloyl chloride (50 mol.%). Rusar fiber and threads have useful properties including high strength, incombustibility, durability and high elasticity modulus (K.E. Perepelkin, Advanced Chemical Fiber and Its Promise for Textile Industry. Russian Chemical Journal, 2002, No. 1 , p. 42).

Known is (RU 2241082, CI, 27.11.2004) single thread comprising chopped UHM and Rusar fibers interconnected with single wool fiber, the component ratio in the fiber being (%) 10-40 wool fiber and 60-90 chopped UHM and Rusar fiber.

Said thread has high strength due to the additional fiber connection with the core, and is flame resistant.

However, said thread is insufficiently flame resistant due to the use of wool fiber which may cause premature fabric structure failure in open flame.

Therefore there is the need for developing other flame resistant fabrics capable of meeting the existing fire resistance and thermal stability standards while having low rigidity, good elasticity and draping quality in the conditions of far north at temperatures of down to -60°C.

Disclosure of the Invention. The technical result of this invention is the development of strong and flame resistant fabric with low rigidity, good elasticity and draping quality in the conditions of far north at temperatures of down to -60°C.

The technical task of this invention is the development of heat resistant fabric for protective garment used for operations in the conditions of far north, i.e. at temperatures below 0°C.

The unique feature of the development is the ability of the fabric to resist high temperatures combined with stability against low temperatures. The invention provides a stable protective barrier against open flame, while the fabric has high strength, relatively low unit weight and low friction coefficient, retaining elasticity and draping quality at high and low (negative) operation temperatures.

The technical result of this invention is provided for by the development of heat resistant fabric formed by interweaving of warp and weft threads by combined linen weave, with main cord used for the for the warp and weft cord for the weft, the background threads in the warp and in the weft being blended double threads comprising para-aramide fiber and polyoxidiazol fiber in a 50/50 ratio, with a final linear density of 60 Tex, the warp and the weft being reinforced with 29.4 Tex x 2 plied multifilament arimide threads, the yarn/thread ratio in the fabric being 75/25 and the surface density of the fabric being at least 260 g/m ² .

The thread density in the reeding is 241 for the warp and 184 for the weft, the thread count per 1 m is 3616 for the warp and 1840 for the weft and the thread weight is 231 g for the warp and 173 g for the weft.

The heat resistant fabric is treated with at least one fluoroorganic compound.

Also claimed is a product made from said heat resistant fabric, said product being a garment item.

Embodiments of the Invention. One embodiment of this invention is illustrated below by the loom setting for the claimed fabric designed for a needle loom.

- Cloth width, cm W = 150

- Warp thread density Pw = 241

- Weft thread density Pf = 184

- Raw material type and thread structure for warp, tex

Blended thread, T = 30*2

Folded multifilament arimide thread, T = 29.4*2

- Raw material type and thread structure for weft, tex

- Raw material type and thread structure for warp, tex

Blended thread, T = 30*2

Folded multifilament arimide thread, T = 29.4*2

- Number of threads in the warp

Nw*W/10 = 241 * 150.0/10 = 3615.00

Actual number of threads in the warp Nw = 3616

Of these, Nwl = 61616

The background is composed by reeding 4 threads into the reed wire and pitch thread Nw2 = 0

2*0 = 0 threads into the reed wire at the edges

- Number of weft threads per 1 m

Nf = Py*L/10 = 184* 100/10 = 1840

- Reed metric count

Nr = Pw/((l+Af/100)*Nef) = 241/((1+1.3/100)*4) = 56.0

Where Pw is the warp thread density, Ac is the fabric contraction, %, and Nef is the number of threads reeded into the reed wire in the fabric background

- N is the number of threads reeded into the reed wire

Z = Nwl/Nef+Nw2/Nzkr = 3616.4+2*0 = 0/0 = 851

- Reeding width, cm Wr = z* 10/Nd = 851 * 10/56.0 = 151.9

- Warp thread length, cm

Lw2 = LTK/(1-AO2/100) = 109.8

- Weft thread length, cm

Lf = Wr+2*Led = 151.9+2*4.0 = 160.9, where Led = 4.0, the product edge being lined with double weft thread

- Warp thread weight, g

Mwl = Nw*Lw*Twl/100* 1000 = 3616* 109.8*58.0/100 = 203.3

Mw2 = Nw2*lw*tw2/100* 1000 = 2*0=0* 109.8*59.5/100* 1000 = 27.7

- Weft thread weight, g

Mfl

LPPPTfl *LTK 1/100* 1000* 10f=fl 60.9* 184*58.0*35.0/100* 1000* 10f=f60.1 Mfl = Lf*Pf*Tf2*lt21/l 00* 1000* 10

160.9* 184*58.0*35.0/100* 1000* 10 = 60.1

The unit weight of fabric per 1 m is 395.4 g

The surface density of the fabric is 260 g/m

The above technical result is also achieved by providing a product made from said fabric, e.g. garment or protective garment items.

Figure 1 shows fabric formed by combined linen weaving in accordance with the embodiment of the invention as per Claim 1.

The fabric is woven by combined linen weaving with main cord used for the warp and weft cord for the weft, on 20-frame looms (reed No. 56) with 4 or 5 threads per reed wire (3 reed wires with 4 threads each and the 4 ^th reed wire with 5 threads). The 5 ^th thread provides warp reinforcement. The loom allows shed and weft thread density adjustment during fabric weaving, and therefore the possibility of interchanged weaving of three threads instead of one provides weft thread reinforcement. The warp and weft thread reinforcement is provided by 29.4 Tex x 2 plied multifilament arimide threads.

Arimide is heat resistant fiber based on aromatic polyimides exhibiting low heat conductivity, exceptional radiation resistance and excellent electric insulation.

The background threads in the warp and in the weft are blended threads comprising para-aramide fiber and polyoxidiazol fiber.

Para-aramide fibers exhibit high heat resistance, rigidity and strength and low elongation index and are therefore mainly used as reinforcement for rubber products, plastics and fiber optics. For making this fiber suitable for textile industry, blended threads of para-aramide fiber and polyoxidiazol fiber in a 50/50 weight ratio was designed.

Oxalon polyoxidiazol fiber (Arselon) exhibits sufficiently high resistivity to chemicals, good electric insulation, heat resistance and low combustibility. However, the main feature of this fiber is its low friction coefficient. Fabrics made from this fiber retain elasticity and draping quality at high and low temperatures.

The following optimum parameters were experimentally measured and proven.

Choosing fabric parameters in other ranges (except the following: 29.4 Tex x 2 arimide threads, para-aramide fiber and polyoxidiazol fiber in a 50/50 weight ratio, linear density 60 Tex, yarn thread ratio in the fabric 75/25 and fabric surface density min. 260 g/m ) does not provide for good fabric performance at high and low temperatures and multiple flexure stability (30,000 cycles), and hence the desired draping quality is not achieved.

Hydrophobic and oleophobic properties of the fabric are developed at a final stage of finishing by treatment with at least one oil and water repellent fluoroorganic compound (polyfluoride alkylacrilate (PFAA) latexes can be used).

The heat resistant fabric of this invention is intended for use as material for the outer shell of firefighter frost resistant garment.

In accordance with another object of this invention, a product was developed, this product being an item of garment, more specifically, KZM-60 protective frost resistant garment made from said heat resistant fabric.

The fabric was tested for suitability as material for garment outer shell as per the requirements of GOST R 53264-2009, pp. 5.2.1 (Table 1, line 2) and 5.3.1 (Table 4b, lines 15, 16 & 18) by the following parameters:

- garment outer shell heat flow resistance for surface density:

5.0 kW/m ² : min. 240;

40.0 kW/m ² : min. 5.

- garment outer shell stability at 300°C ambient temperature for 300 s:

- material failure (burning though): not detected

- inflammation: not detected

- warp and weft contraction, %: 0

- degradation of physical and mechanical properties relative to normal value, %:

a) breaking force:

- warp: 0 (2060 N)

- weft: 0 (1814 N)

b) tearing resistance:

- warp: 0 (209 N)

- weft: 0 (104 N)

- garment outer shell stability in contact with solid surface at 400°C for 7 s:

- material failure (burning though): not detected - inflammation: not detected

- degradation of physical and mechanical properties relative to normal value, %:

a) breaking force:

- warp: 0 (2516 N)

- weft: 0 (1940 N)

b) tearing resistance:

- warp: 0 (231 N)

- weft: 0 (180 N)

- garment stability to single-time open flame exposure for 5 s:

- temperature at any point under the garment: 31 ,5°C

- residual burning or glowing: absent

Measurement of multiple flexure stability (30,000 cycles) to material failure (through faults and warp/weft thread cracking) showed absence of failure for all samples.

* The normal physical and mechanical parameters of firefighter service uniform are as follows:

- breaking force:

warp: min. 1000 N

weft: min. 800 N

- tearing resistance:

warp: min. 80 N

weft: min. 60 N

Physical and mechanical tests of the fabric for use as garment outer shell as per the requirements of GOST R 53264-2009 show its full compliance with the existing standard. The overall design of KZM-60 and the materials and fabrics used comply with the requirements of GOST R 53264 and specifications.

KZM-60 is multilayered protective garment comprising a coat and a bib overall (trousers) with heat insulating lining.

Depending on the climatic category and outer shell material KZM-60 is fabricated in accordance with Table 1 below.

Table 1

KZM-60 has two different makes, i.e. for officers (A) and for privates (B). The weight of KZM-60 is 5.0 kg.

KZM-60 protective garment is composed of the following materials: frost resistant outer shell material, water-tight layer, heat insulating lining and lining fabric.

The trousers and bib overall are designed for putting on without taking off the shoes.

The fittings attached to the garment outer shell do not contact the inner heat insulating layer.

The coat covers the trousers by min. 30 cm.

The garment has fluorescent and luminescent strips min. 50 cm in width. The strip area is min. 0.2 m ² on the coat with min. 0.08 m ² in the chest and back area, and min. 0.052 m ² on the trousers. The areas of the fluorescent and luminescent strips are equal.

The coat sleeves have wristbands.

The garment has a 100 mm high collar stud with non-irritating inner lining fabric.

The coat has belt loops for the firefighter's service belt and a pocket for the radio. All the coat pockets have flaps and water removal openings.

The strips are capable of independent glowing for 30 min.

The residual burning or glowing time of the outer surface is max. 2 s after an open flame exposure for 5 s.

The garment outer shell material has stable color both in use and during washing.

The wetting and heating contraction is max. 5%.

The garment design prevents water traces or drops after garment outer shell fabric exposure to a 1000 mm water column for 1 min.

The parameters and performance of the garment comply with the specification summarized in Table 2.

Table 2

Name of the parameters and characteristics Value

Heat flow resistance

1. 5 kW/m ² , min. 240 40 kW/m ² , min. 5

Minimum open flame resistance of garment outer

2.

components, s 5

3. Minimum 300°C ambient temperature resistance, s 180

4. Minimum 400°C solid surface resistance, s 7

5. Minimum resistance to H ₂ S0 ₄ and HC1 acid and alkali (up to 80 20%): repelling with zero penetration, %

Outer shell material breaking force:

6. warp, N, min. 1000 weft, N, min. 800

Outer shell material tearing resistance:

7. warp, N, min. 80 weft, N, min. 60

Outer shell material multiple flexure stability, ths. cycles,

8.

min. 300

Outer shell material breaking force at -60°C:

9. warp, N, min. 500 weft, N, min. 300

Outer shell material tearing resistance at -60°C:

10. warp, N, min. 40 weft, N, min. 30

Outer shell material multiple flexure stability at -60°C, ths.

11.

cycles, min. 100

Due to their design the garment and its components are stable against mechanical loads that can be applied during transportation in fire cars and allows transportation by any type of vehicles.

The product durability is as follows:

- service life to rejection: 3 yrs

- average storage life: 5 yrs

The design of the garment and its components provides personnel safety during fabrication, testing and further use, servicing and repair.

The material and fittings of the fabrics, seams and component design are not irritating or harmful for health.

The claimed fabric and garment made with said fabric as the garment outer shell have successfully passed tests at the testing laboratory of the Research Institute for Fire Extinguishing Equipment and Systems at the Fire Protection Research Institute (Federal State Budget Enterprise) of the Emergency Ministry, Russia, the testing laboratory of the Research and Testing Center and the SP at the Fire Protection Research Institute (Federal State Budget Enterprise) of the Emergency Ministry, Russia, and are recommended for use by fire fighting crews and the Emergency Ministry.