O ^r -~ fσc*aIΪ7t?*l' tαvards a focusr( ^' sR*P' fi ure 1 ,n ^~~ b ^~ -r 6)which,in -sucf. case, IT an in parallel nrβrvemFrπ tσ the framrruαrkg plane*. It. wakes* possible that images succeeding picture to picture (figure 4, number 2), which day by d'a are s-^n on the subway tunnel wall's as blurried' one into anσther(because of the train

10— gp-eediness) , can be _' SP*PΠ only when the observer i3 in the laming focus,,»nιd' that, consequently , through the laminas, each image be s-eeni not as if it were parsing by the o erver, but as if it were twinkling before him.

As the velocity involved in such case is high, also the

15- twinkling frequency is high , becoming possible a continuity from picture to picture, similar to that one affoirdedl by the shutter of a rrrcrtion picture projector. The efect is based! on the following facts: Retinal Persistence- Images that light end' extinguish within a

20- time interval minor than a twentieth σf a second', are perceived by us as if they dtid not extinguish. The human eye, because it has a time of post- stimulus, joins a stimulus tσ the other one im- me-diat-ϋy posterior, since in presence* σf the above mentioned frequency.

25- Phi Phenomenon- If we put two little eletric lamps at a deter¬ minate distance one from the other, twinkling alternati ely before an observer, there will be one* frequency in which the two little eletric lamps will look like one unique little eletric lamp that "walks'*' from one point to βnother.

30- Uhat becomes functional the frameworks with the laminas( igure I and 7, number 5) is the* fact that the time σf exposi ion, during which every image is submitted tσ what the laminas allow to see, tends to zero. And this is obtained by enlarging the laminas widlth( figure I, number 9), and/err increasing the Lβmina3 number,

35- reducing consequently the distance between them( figure ^num¬ ber θ) .

The distance of two πτeters( figure I, 2, 3-numberIO) , an optimal distance used 33 an example in the figures, as well as the se-

piaraitiorr b tuean the 1 ami nas( figure I, number θ) , equal to 8,8

40- millimeters, and the laminas brβad'th( figure I , number9) , equal to 7,5 centimeters, db not turn 100 efficient the laminas frame¬ works of the projector. It is sσ, b cause the laminas can πσt have the focal distance breadth, nor the separation between the lLamin>a3 tending tσ zero(figurβ I, number 8), a condition that

45- uouldi restrict the focal position to an utmost limit, reducing the imβge appearance* time and Incre-asing its disappearance time (see blind spot-figure I, number 7).

On the other side, such limitations allow that observers si¬ tuated between 0,5 meter over( figures 2 and 3-numbβr Iθ)the op-

50- timal focus point( figures 1.2 and 3 - number I0)and 0,5 meter beiow( figures 1,2 and 3 - number Iθ)thβ optimal focus point, can pa ticipate (even if not of the image totality)partially of the optimal focus point effect(a distance within which all the la¬ minas are fronting the observers and, consequently , the image

55— which is seen through them, appears in full length, what shows that, on account of the figures proportions, there will be a certain images iπdefinition degree, once there is such one meter focal breach which is equivalent to more a time of exposition oT each image for any observer being situated in the o t Intel SO- focus point.

Uith the above mentioned proportion's, forty-four centimeters ('4ϊ4ι centimeters) wide images (figure 4*, number 1 and 2) would tι_ιi.nkle> at a eighty kilometβre. per hour (80 k /hr) velocity andl * frequency of a fiftieth (ϊ/5θ) of a second! of time (β

65- frequency equivalent, to that one of a television receiving' set) . As we can observe* in the Figures 2 and 3, numbers 10, 10- and.iα*-, the number of persons per train car having total or partial access to the images is not small, moreover because he who will be ^* situated' outside ¹ such focal distances will see a

70- succession of ondulβtions of the images, in the ^% same direction of the* observer's dislocation, effect which, can be worked, ma- kingi possible effects such as colours uavingi with the^ pictures passing in * whole through the windows, but which, if seen in their details, result from thβr superposition of another colours. li - Respecting to the blindl spot (figure 1, number 7), its dis¬ tance ¹ from the focus (figure 1, number 6) determines that the

former image; be totally/ extinguished ^' when* the ob-server disloca¬ tes himself half of ftβ- widlth (figure* 1, letter x 2) , after the. passage? of the picture focus axis (figure 1, letter IL) _r or - that βachi image only be seen by the observer, when the former ϋnage; be- totally extinguished' and that the image ^* appearance time; beε equal to its disappearance time, because ¹ the ¹ distances between ^* the ^* bdindi spots and! the; optimal focal points, are equal to a half of the images width (this is the* proportions between - th*> Ham in as remain quite tfrβ same from σπ» pictures to anothβr)L About, the materials of which ^, the laminas would be* made, the unique-; requirement is that their thickness be the minimal possible, in order to avoid a* great interference- in the ¹ images that will be* seerr. through their,, as they will be numerous: about two laminas per each centimeter of the image" width, approxima¬ tely 7, 5 centimeters (seven centimeters and a half) ^' of each 1 emi . a width.

The plastic materiel, as it is already produced' in reduced) thiokness (as a card credit type), with a good handling in the - fabrication, durability, and specifically cheaper and lighter than the metals, would ^; be* appropriate for the above- mentioned! requirement.

In the figure ¹ 5, number 12, it is represented an illumination through fluorescent light lamps ("'back light* type;). 0- According to illumination technicians the minimum required light, quantity to be: irradiated! from the panel, In order that the ^* images can be; seen from withim a train car, for instance, must be fourfold! to fivefold) the light quantit in the ¹ local where? the observer is situated. In the subway train cars (Sao 5- Paulo) the light quantity is about 200 lux, what indicates a light, rβquitedi quantity irradiated from the panel around* 800 and 1000 luxv. A quantity that would not be difficult to get through fluorescent electric lamps without occurring- light spots, in spite? of an installation in very narrow places (minimal distance 0- electric lamp ** screen ¹ * approximately/ 10 centimeters (ten centi¬ meters)) .

But nothing: prevents that, for instance', in an amusement park be? use i curve* shapedl pictures;, forming a tunnel which does not require, artificial light; during- the ¹ day (and that be lightened

115- during) the night through holophotes) , being so enlightened ¹ byr e ^-1 sun and by the roof of heaven, through a transparent pl astic covering end also transparent ink ( transparent fmk, when the images; will e- reproduced) by means of photo-mechanical reproduc¬ tions, in which the ink layers must be the thinnest and the

120- varnish coloured if it is appl ied by hand, in thick coats) , re=- mβmbβringi moving stained' glass windows in a roller coaatβr.

The '•panel"' in which the images will be printed or painted ( figure *, number 2) may be of plastic material ( transparent or translucent) , malleable- ( a kind of a textured' vinyl manta, coated*

125*» with PlfC and nylon, used nowadays in illuminated! advertisements or similar ones) , or of acrilyc material pl ates or similar ones (translucent or transparent) .

The emplacement of the mant (covering) in the ¹ chassis of the illuminated advertisements will be done opening the ¹ frameworks

130^ (figures 5, 6 and 7/, number 15) , unroll ing the ¹ ""film"' ( figures 1, 3>, 4,. 5, 6 and 7, number 11) from a bobbin ( figure 7, number 14) , in the opening ¹ of the frameworks, from where ¹ it will be fi¬ xed ! in the chassis, toy means of "'velcro*" ribbons ( figures 5, 6 and 7, number 16) , sticked in the chassis and in the ¹ manta

135- (covering) .

After the fixation., the frameworks are closed ( figures 5 en 6, number 17/) and when they are ¹ braked ( figures 5 and ¹ 6, number 17) 'th-βy will press the- maπte (covering) and' the ¹ ^velc o* rib bows preventing] so that they be loosed! with eventual abrupt air move-

140- mβnts.

The; illuminated advβttisβmβnt illustration (figure 2 and! 5, number 13) shows, amidist other things, its fixation on columns.

The lamina focus (figure 1, number 6), in this case, is right- angled (orthogonal) ϊrr relation to the image ¹ (figure 4, number

146- 2) . B t, if being better for the means of transportation that thie focus of vision angle in relation to the image from the windows be more restrict, for instance in trains only for sitting persons it will be adopted a more convenient focus vision angle in rela¬ tion to the image*

150- The images picture to picture (figure 4*, number 2) represent, as an example, the sequβncy along a route near y a subway stati¬ on, which will give directions to the passenfers, as soon as they

ar i es to the surface'.

All the proportions of the figures, are hypothetical, because

155- what is being considered, as a petition of privilege for an

Invention Patent, is the framework formed by laminas focalized towards a point where would br situated an observer, and the appliances, in which it is employed sequentially - (in lamp-shades, luminaries, pendant lamps or in tunnels, railways etc.).

160- The proportions still require tests, since there is not a situation which may be compared to the combination' of the follow*- iήg factors:

Types of electric light lamps more adaptable: neon types? Types of light diffusers: acrilyc, white painted diffusers?

1615- Translucent acrilyc diffusers. or similar ones? Vinyl covering or another translucent plastic covering ^* ? Or a transparent one? And as to the ¹ local interior obfuscation? And as to the reflec¬ tion from the windows and doors glasses of the train cars? Uhic printing technics? With whichi ink? For which velocity?

17Q- And. in relation to the- epileptic persons, which frequently are ill-disposed because? of luminous frequencies near to a tenth pert of a time second?

It will be possible that at a 1000 lux power, the panel will show each image- sufficiently, at a speediness of a fiftieth of a time

H75- second?

It. shall be inβtaled on a "roller coaster" or in a "phantom train??

The variable involved in such cases are numerous, finding a solution, and reaching' a prototype within a real scale, with high l'80i- costs, without the risk that the project fall into public pro¬ perty/ _* ■

Uith* the h-σlσgraphy development, it is possible to execute a ""tridi βnsional reticle"' (such as the laminas in focus), which would. eproduce the conditions created in the figure 1, number 5,

185- making possible? that the separation between the laminas (figure 1., number 8) and the thickness of the same' tend to zero, so be¬ coming possible ¹ to reduce their width (figure ¹ 1, number 9) consi¬ derably.

Uith the optical fibers development, for instance, the light

190- distribution) will ocur in a more homogeneous and economic way,

wi-thih a very narrower βpace, making possible to install a pro¬ jector inside locals as wide as a pizza of a, thin layer dough.