FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides novel imidazole derivatives, novel pharmaceutical compositions containing same, methods of their use, and methods of their manufacture. Such compounds are pharmacologically useful for restoring the sensitivity of multidrug resistant cells to cancer chemotherapeutic agents.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION A major problem in the treatment of cancer is the emergence of tumor cell resistance to chemotherapeutic agents and the subsequent patient relapse (Bradley et al.l, Cancer Res. 1989, 49, 2790-2796; Raderer and Sscheitharer, Cancer 1993, 72, 3553-3563). These cancer victims may fail to respond to any antitumor agent, since these tumor cells tend to exhibit clinical resistance to many drugs. This phenomenon is known as multi-drug resistance (MDR). MDR is associated with certain alterations in tumor cells resulting in reduced intracellular anticancer drug accumulation, including reduced membrane permeability and increased removal of drug from the cell via an energy- dependent efflux mechanism. Studies of this mechanism have led to the characterization of genes capable of conferring resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. One of these genes, the P-glycoprotein or MDR1 gene, has been strongly implicated since overexpression of this gene can lead to resistance to anthracyclines, vinca alkaloids, and podophyllins, all important chemotherapeutic agents. MDR1 encodes a 170 kDa membrane glycopprotein (gp-170 or Pgp) that acts as an ATP-dependent dfflux pump, transporting a number of unrelated organic compounds out of the cell (Juranka et al, FASEB J.

1989, 3, 2583-2592). The level of expression of gp-170 has been shown to correlate with the degree of drug resistance (Raderer and Sscheitharer, Cancer 1993, 72, 3553-3563). Gp-170 appears to act as a pump that actively extrudes a wide variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including a full range of antineoplastic drugs. Another ATP-dependent menbrane efflux pump, the product of the MRP gene, has also been implicated in the MDR phenomenon (Krishnamachary and Center, Cancer Res. 1993, 53, 3658-3661), as have other

ATP-dependent and enzymatic mechanisms.

Drugs of proven antitumor chemotherapeutic value to which MDR has been observed include vinblastine, vincristine, etoposide, teniposide, doxorubicin (adriamycin), daunorubicin, pliamycin (mithramycin), and actinomycin D (Jones et al.,Cancer (Suppl)1993, 72, 3484-3488). Many tumors are intrinsically multi- drug resistant (e.g., adenocarcinomas of the colon and kidney) while other tumors acquire MDR during the course of therapy (e.g., neuroblastomas and childhood leukemias).

A variety of structurally diverse agents have been identified which can restore partly or sometimes completely the normal drug sensitivity to some MDR tumor cells. It is assumed that these chemosensitizers are effective as a result of their ability to interfere with gp-170, causing a reversal in the increase in drug efflux. Among these agents are calcium channel blockers (e.g., verapamil), calmodulin inhibitors (e.g., trifluoperazine), antibiotica (e.g., erythromycin), cardiovascularagents (e.g., quinidine), noncytotoxic analogs of anthracyclines and vinca alkaloids, cyclosporin A and analogs thereof, FK-506 and analogs thereof, and derivatives of cyclopeptides (Lum et al.,Cancer (Suppl)1993, 72, 3502-3514). However, at the present time, none of these agents has provided a significant contribution to the chemotherapeutic index for the treatment of cancer due to their significant pharmacologidal effects on othert organ systems.

An effective therapeutic agent for the reversal of MDR needs to have efficacy against the menbrane pump as well as lack of significant toxicity and other non- specific pharmacological effects.

The present invention describes a family of novel substituted imidazole derivatives of Formula (1) that are effective in increasing the sensitivity of tumor cells resistant to anticancer chemotherapeutic agents, such as doxorubicin (DOX), taxol, vinblastine (VLB), and enhancing the sensitivity of multi-drug resistant cells. These compounds have the effect of reducing the resistance of MDR tumor cells, and potentiating the sensitivity of cells to antitumor drugs, such as DOX, taxol, VLB. These compounds are expected to have broad application in the chemotherapy of cancer.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The novel compounds of this invention have the general structure (1)

Formula 1 and are capable of restoring sensitivity to multi-drug resistant tumor cells. It is an object of this invention to provide compounds that have sufficient activity to sensitize multi-drug resistant tumor cells to antineoplastic agents.

It is an additional object of this invention to provide a method of sensitizing multi-drug resistant tumor cells using the novel compounds of the present invention.

A further object is to provide a method of treatment of MDR or drug- sensitive tumor cells by administering a sufficient amount of a compound of the present invention, prior to, together with, or subsequent to the administration of an antitumor chemotherapeutic agent. A further object is to provide pharmaceutical compositions for increasing the sensitivity of tumor cells to antitumor chemotherapeutic agents and thus for the treatment of tumors that are susceptible to anti-cancer chemotherapeutic agents but have become resistant to such chemotherapy.

Definitions As used herein, the term "attached" signifies a stable covalent bond, certain preferred points of attachment being apparent to those skilled in the art.

The terms "halogen" or "halo" include fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine.

The term "alkyl" includes C1-C11 straight chain saturated, C1-C11 branched saturated, C3-C8 cyclic saturated and C1-C11 straight chain or branched saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon groups substituted with C3-C8 cyclic saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon groups having the specified number of carbon atoms. For example, this definition shall include but is not limited to methyl (Me), ethyl (Et), propyl (Pr), butyl (Bu), pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, isopropyl (i-Pr), isobutyl (i-Bu), tert-butyl (t-Bu), sec-butyl (s-Bu), isopentyl, neopentyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, methylcyclopropyl, and the like.

The term "alkenyl" includes C2-C11 straight chain unsaturated, C2-C11 branched unsaturated, Cs-Csunsaturated cyclic, and C2-C11 straight chain or

branched unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon groups substituted with C3-Cs cyclic saturated and unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon groups having the specified number of carbon atoms. Double bonds may occur in any stable point along the chain and the carbon-carbon double bonds may have either the cis or trans configuration. For example, this definition shall include but is not limited to ethenyl, propenyl, butenyl, pentenyl, hexenyl, heptenyl, octenyl, nonenyl, decenyl, undecenyl, 1,5-octadienyl, 1,4,7-nonatrienyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloheptenyl, cyclooctenyl, ethylcyclohexenyl, butenylcyclopentyl, 1-pentenyl-3-cyclohexenyl, and the like.

The term 'alkyloxy' (e.g. methoxy, ethoxy, propyloxy, allyloxy, cyclohexyloxy) represents an alkyl group as defined above having the indicated number of carbon atoms attached through an oxygen bridge.

The term "alkylthio" (e.g. methylthio, ethylthio, propylthio, cyclohexylthio and the like) represents an alkyl group as defined above having the indicated number of carbon atoms attached through a sulfur bridge.

The term "alkylamino" (e.g. methylamino, diethylamino, butylamino, N- propyl-N-hexylamino, (2-cyclopentyl)propylamino, hexylamino, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl and the like) represents one or two alkyl groups as defined above having the indicated number of carbon atoms attached through an amine bridge.

The two alkyl groups maybe taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached forming a cyclic system containing 3 to 11 carbon atoms with at least one Cl-Cllalkyl, arylCo-Cllalkyl substituent.

The term "alkylaminoalkyl" represents an alkylamino group attached through an alkyl group as defined above having the indicated number of carbon atoms.

The term "alkyloxy(alkyl)amino" (e.g. methoxy(methyl)amine, ethoxy(propyl)amine) represents an alkyloxy group as defined above attached through an amino group, the amino group itself having an alkyl substituent.

The term "alkylcarbonyl" (e.g. cyclooctylcarbonyl, pentylcarbonyl, 3- hexylcarbonyl) represents an alkyl group as defined above having the indicated number of carbon atoms attached through a carbonyl group.

The term "alkylcarboxy" (e.g. heptylcarboxy, cyclopropylcarboxy, 3- pentenylcarboxy) represents an alkylcarbonyl group as defined above wherein the carbonyl is in turn attached through an oxygen. The term "alkylcarboxyalkyl" represents an alkylcarboxy group attached through an alkyl group as defined above having the indicated number of carbon atoms.

The term "alkylcarbonylamino" (e.g. hexylcarbonylamino, cyclopentylcarbonyl-aminomethyl, methylcarbonylaminophenyl) represents an alkylcarbonyl group as defined above wherein the carbonyl is in turn attached

through the nitrogen atom of an amino group. The nitrogen group may itself be substituted with an alkyl or aryl group.

The term "aryl" represents an unsubstituted, mono-, di- or trisubstituted monocyclic, polycyclic, biaryl and heterocyclic aromatic groups covalently attached at any ring position capable of forming a stable covalent bond, certain preferred points of attachment being apparent to those skilled in the art (e.g., 3- indolyl, 4-imidazolyl). The aryl substituents are independently selected from the group consisting of halo, nitro, cyano, trihalomethyl, Cl llalkyl, arylC1.11alkyl, C0- 11alkyloxyC0-11alkyl, arylC0-11alkyloxyC0-11alkyl, C0-11alkylthioC0-11alkyl, arylC0- 11alkylthioC0-11alkyl, C0-11alkylaminoC0-11alkyl, arylC0-11alkylaminoC0-11alkyl, di(arylC i-i 1alkyl)aminoCo.i lalkyl, C1-11alkylcarbonylC0-1 lalkyl, arylC1.

11alkylcarbonylC0-11alkyl, C1-11alkylcarboxyC0-11alkyl, arylC1-11alkylcarboxyC0- 11alkyl, C1-11alkylcarbonylaminoC0-11alkyl, arylC1-11alkylcarbonylaminoC0-11alkyl, -C0-11alkylCOOR1, -Co llalkylCONR2R3 wherein R1, R2 and R3 are independently selected from hydrogen, Cl-Cllalkyl, arylCo-C1ialkyl, or R2 and R3 are taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached forming a cyclic system containing 3 to 8 carbon atoms with at least one Cl-Cllalkyl, arylCo-Cllalkyl substituent.

The definition of aryl includes but is not limited to phenyl, biphenyl, naphthyl, dihydronaphthyl, tetrahydronaphthyl, indenyl, indanyl, azulenyl, anthryl, phenanthryl, fluorenyl, pyrenyl, thienyl, benzothienyl, isobenzothienyl, 2,3-dihydrobenzothienyl, furyl, pyranyl, benzofuranyl, isobenzofuranyl, 2,3- dihydrobenzofuranyl, pyrrolyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, indolizinyl, indazolyl, imidazolyl, benzimidazolyl, pyridyl, pyrazinyl, pyradazinyl, pyrimidinyl, triazinyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, 4H-quinolizinyl, cinnolinyl, phthalazinyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl, 1,8-naphthyridinyl, pteridinyl, carbazolyl, acridinyl, phenazinyl, phenothiazinyl, phenoxazinyl, chromanyl, benzodioxolyl, piperonyl, purinyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, benzthiazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, benzoxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl.

The term "arylalkyl" (e.g. (4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl, (2-aminonaphthyl)hexyl, pyridylcyclopentyl) represents an aryl group as defined above attached through an alkyl group as defined above having the indicated number of carbon atoms.

The term "carbonyloxy" represents a carbonyl group attached through an oxygen bridge.

In the above definitions, the terms "alkyl" and "alkenyl" maybe used interchangeably in so far as a stable chemical entity is formed, as obvious to those skilled in the art.

The term "therapeutically effective amount" shall mean that amount of drug or pharmaceutical agent that will elicit the biological or medical response of

a tissue, system, animal, or human that is being sought by a researcher, veterinarian, medical doctor or other clinician.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The novel compounds of this invention have the general structure as depicted in Formula (1)

Formula 1 wherein the substituents R1, R2, R3, and R4 are defined as described in A and B below: A. when R1 is selected from the group consisting of: (i) substituted C1.11 alkyl or substituted C2.11 alkenyl, wherein the substituents are selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, C1-6 alkyloxy; or (ii) mono-, di-,and tri-substituted aryl-Co.ll alkyl wherein aryl is selected from the group consisting of phenyl, furyl, thienyl wherein the substituents are selected from the group consisting of: (a) phenyl, trans -2-phenylethenyl, 2-phenylethynyl, 2-phenylethyl, or in which the said phenyl group is mono- or disubstituted with a member selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, halo, C1-4 alkyl and C1-4 alkyloxy, (b) substituted C1-6 alkyl, substituted C2-6 alkyloxy, substituted C2-6 alkylthio, substituted C2.6 alkoxycarbonyl, wherein the substituents are selected from the group consisting of C1-6 alkoxy, C1-6 alkylthio, or (c) Cm ill CO2R5, C1-11CONHR5, trans- CH=CHCO2R5, or trans- CH=CHCONHR5 wherein Rs is C1.11 alkyl, or phenyl Cm ill alkyl, C1-6 alkoxycarbonylmethyleneoxy; then R2 and R3 are each independently selected from the group consisting of mono-, di, and tri-substituted phenyl wherein the substituents are

independently selected from: (i) substituted C1-6 alkyl, (ii) substituted C1-6 alkyloxy, C3-6 alkenyloxy, substituted C3-6 alkenyloxy, (iii) substituted C1-6 alkyl-amino, di(substituted C1-6 alkyl)amino, (iv) C3-6 alkenyl-amino, di(C3.6 alkenyl)amino, substituted C3-6 alkenyl- amino, di(substituted C3-6 alkenyl)amino, (v) pyrrolidino, piperidino, morpholino, imidazolyl, substituted imidazolyl, piperazino, N-C 1-6 alkylpiperazino, N-C3.6 alkenylpiperazino, N-(C1.6 alkoxy C1-6 alkyl)piperazino, N- (C1.6 alkoxy C3-6 alkenyl)piperazino, N-(C1-6 alkylamino C1-6 alkyl)piperazino, N-(C1- 6alkylamino C3-6 alkenyl)piperazino, wherein the substituents are selected from the group consisting of (a) hydroxy, C1-6 alkylalkoxy, C1-6 alkylamino, (b) C3-6 alkenyloxy, C3-6 alkenylamino, or (c) pyrrolidino, piperidino, morpholino, imidazolyl, substituted imidazolyl, piperazino, N-C 1-6 alkylpiperazino, N-C3.6 alkenylpiperazino, N- (C 1-6 alkoxy C 1-6 alkyl)piperazino, N- (C 1-6 alkoxy C3-6 alkenyl)piperazino, N-(C1-6 alkylamino C1-6 alkyl)piperazino, N-(C1- 6 alkylamino C3-6 alkenyl)piperazino, or R2 and R3 taken together forming an aryl group such as phenyl, pyridyl, in which the aryl may be optionally substituted, wherein the substituents are defined as above in (i)-(v); and R4 is selected from the group consisting of: (i) hydrogen; (ii) substituted Cm ill alkyl or C2-11 alkenyl wherein the substituents are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxy, C1-6 alkyloxy, C1-6alkylthio, C1-6 alkylamino, phenyl-C1-6 alkylamino, C1-6 alkoxycarbonyl; or (iii) substituted aryl C0-11 alkyl wherein the aryl group is selected from phenyl, imidazolyl, furyl, thienyl in which the substituents are selected from A.(a-c); or B. when R1 is selected from the group consisting of: Mono-,di-, and tri-substituted aryl-C0-6 alkyl wherein aryl is selected from the group consisting of phenyl, thienyl, and the substituents are selected from the group consisting of: (a) trans-2-substituted benzimidazolylethenyl, trans-2-substituted benzoxazolylethenyl, trans-2-substituted benzthiazolylethenyl, in

which the substituents are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxy, halo, trihalomethyl, C1-4 alkyl and C1-4 alkyloxy, C1-4 alkyloxycarbonyl, C1-4 alkylamino, di(C1-4 alkyl)amino, C3-6 alkenylamino, di(C3-6 alkenyl)amino, C1-4 alkyloxy-C1-4 alkylamino, substituted C1-4 alkyl and C1-4 alkyloxy, substituted C1-4 alkyloxycarbonyl, substituted C1-4 alkylamino, di(substituted C1-4 alkyl)amino, substituted C3-6 alkenylamino, di(substituted C3-6 alkenyl)amino, wherein the substituents are as defined above, (b) trans-2-cyano ethenyl, trans-2-alkylsulfonyl ethenyl, trans-2 - alkenylsulfonyl ethenyl, trans-2- substituted alkylsulfonyl ethenyl, trans-2- substituted alkenylsulfonyl ethenyl, in which the substituents are defined above, (c) C1-6 CO2R5, trans- CH=CHCO2R5, C1-6CONHR5, or trans- CH=CHCONHR5, wherein R5 is C1-6 alkoxy C2-6 alkyl, amino C2-6 alkyl, C1-6 alkylamino C2-6 alkyl, di(C1-6 alkyl)amino C2-6 alkyl, C1-6 alkylthio C2-6 alkyl, substituted C1-6 alkoxy C2.6 alkyl, substituted C1.

6 alkylamino C2-6 alkyl, di(substituted C1-6 alkyl)amino C2-6 alkyl, substituted C1-6 alkylthio $C2-6 alkyl, in which the substituents are selected from the group consisting of pyrrolidino, piperidino, morpholino, piperazino, N- C 1-6 alkylpiperazino, N-C3.6 alkenylpiperazino, N-(C1.6 alkoxy C1-6 alkyl)piperazino, N- (C1.6 alkoxy C3-6 alkenyl)piperazino, N-(C1-6 alkylamino C1-6 alkyl)piperazino, N-(C1- 6 alkylamino C3-6 alkenyl)piperazino, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, (d) C1-6CONR6R7, or trans- CH=CHCONR6R7, wherein R6 and R7 are independently selected from the group consisting of C1-6 alkyl, phenyl C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 alkoxycarbonylmethyleneoxy, hydroxy C2-6 alkyl, C1-6 alkyloxy C2-6 alkyl, amino C2-6 alkyl, C1-6 alkylamino C2-6 alkyl, di(C1-6 alkyl)amino C2-6 alkyl, C1-6 alkylthio C2-6 alkyl, substituted C1-6 alkoxy C2-6 alkyl, substituted C1-6 alkylamino C2-6 alkyl, di(substituted C1-6 alkyl)amino C2-6 alkyl, substituted C1-6 alkylthio C2-6 alkyl, wherein the substituents are selected from the group consisting of pyrrolidino, piperidino, morpholino, piperazino, N-C 1-6 alkylpiperazino, N-C3.6 alkenylpiperazino, N-(C1.6 alkoxy C1-6 alkyl)piperazino, N- (C1.6 alkoxy C3-6 alkenyl)piperazino, N-(C1-6 alkylamino C1-6 alkyl)piperazino, N-(C1- 6 alkylamino C3-6 alkenyl)piperazino, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, (e) R7 C(O) C1-6 alkyl, R7 C(O) carbonyl C2-6 alkenyl, in which R7 is defined as above [2(d)], (1) HO-C1.6 alkyl-C2-6 alkenyl, R7-O-C1.6 alkyl-C2.6 alkenyl, R7NH-C1.6 alkyl-C2-6 alkenyl, R6R7N-C1-6 alkyl-C2-6 alkenyl, R7NH-C(O)-O-C1-6

alkyl-C2-6 alkenyl, R6R7N-C(O)-O-C1-6 alkyl-C2-6 alkenyl, R7O-C(O)-O- C1-6 alkyl-C2.6 alkenyl, R7-C(O)-O-C1-6 alkyl-C2.6 alkenyl, wherein R6 and R7 is defined as above [2(d)], (g) R7-O-C0-3 alkyl-C3.6 cycloalkan-1-yl, R7NH- C0-3 alkyl- C3-6 cycloalkan- 1-yl, R6R7N- C0-3 alkyl- C3-6 cycloalkan-1-yl, R7NH-C(O)-O- C0-3 C3-6 cycloalkan-1-yl, R6R7N-C(O)-O- C0-3 alkyl- C3-6 cycloalkan-1-yl, R7O- C(O)-O- C0-3 alkyl- C3-6 cycloalkan- l-yl, R7-C(O)-O- C03 alkyl- C3-6 cycloalkan- l-yl, R7O-C(O)-Co-3 alkyl- C3-6 cycloalkan- l-yl, wherein R7 and is defined as above [2(d)]; then R2 and R3 are each independently selected from the group consisting of (1) hydrogen, halo, trihalomethyl, C1-6 alkyl, substituted C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 alkenyl, substituted C1-6 alkenyl, C1-6 alkyloxy, substituted C1-6 alkyloxy, C3-6 alkenyloxy, substituted C3-6 alkenyloxy, C1-6 alkylamino, substituted C1-6 alkylamino, C3-6 alkenylamino, substituted C3-6 alkenylamino, (2) mono-, di-, and tri-substituted phenyl wherein the substituents are independently selected from: (i) halo, trifluoromethyl, substituted C1-6 alkyl, (ii) C1-6 alkyloxy, substituted C1-6 alkyloxy, C3-6 alkenyloxy, substituted C3-6 alkenyloxy, (iii) C1-6 alkyl-amino, di(C1.6 alkyl)amino, substituted C1-6 alkyl-amino, di(substituted C1-6 alkyl)amino, C3-6 alkenyl-amino, di(C3-6 alkenyl)amino, substituted C3-6 alkenyl-amino, di(substituted C3-6 alkenyl)amino,or (iv) pyrrolidino, piperidino, morpholino, imidazolyl, substituted imidazolyl, piperazino, N- C 1-6 alkylpiperazino, N-C3.6 alkenylpiperazino, N-(C1.6 alkoxy C1-6 alkyl)piperazino, N-(C1.6 alkoxy C3-6 alkenyl)piperazino, N-(C1-6 alkylamino C1-6 alkyl)piperazino, N-(C1- 6 alkylamino C3-6 alkenyl)piperazino, wherein the substituents are selected from the group consisting of (a) hydrogen, hydroxy, halo, trifluoromethyl, (b) C1-6 alkylalkoxy, C1-6 alkylamino, C1-6 alkylthio, (c) C3-6 alkenyloxy, C3-6 alkenylamino, C3-6 alkenylthio, or (d) pyrrolidino, piperidino, morpholino, imidazolyl, substituted imidazolyl, piperazino, N-C1.6 alkylpiperazino, N-C3.6 alkenylpiperazino, N- (C1.6 alkoxy C1-6 alkyl)piperazino, N-(C1.6 alkoxy C3-6 alkenyl)piperazino, N-(C1-6 alkylamino C1-6 alkyl)piperazino, N-(C1-

6 alkylamino C3-6 alkenyl)piperazino; with the proviso that at least one of R2 and R3 group be selected from [B (2)] and the phenyl and the substituents be selected from (ii)-(v) above; or R2 and R3 taken together forming an aryl group such as phenyl, pyridyl, in which the aryl may be optionally substituted, wherein the substituents are defined as above in (i)-(iv); and R4 is selected from the group consisting of: (a) hydrogen; (b) substituted C1-ll alkyl or C2.11 alkenyl wherein the substituents are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxy, C1.6 alkyloxy, C1.6alkylthio, C1.6 alkylamino, phenyl-C1-6 alkylamino, C1.6 alkoxycarbonyl and the substituents are selected from (ii)-(iv); or (c) aryl C0 ll alkyl wherein the aryl group is selected from phenyl, imidazolyl, furyl, thienyl.

Novel compounds of the present invention include but are not limited to the following compounds: 2- [trans-2- (2-benzoxazolyl)ethenylphenyl] -4,5-bis (4-N, N-dimethylaminophenyl) imidazole, 2-[trans-2-(2-benzoxazolyl)ethenylphenyl]-4-(4-N,N-dimethyla minopheny N-methylaminophenyl) imidazole, 2- (trans-2-(2-benzoxazolyl)ethenylphenyl] -4-(4-N,N-diethylaminophenyl)-5-(4-N- methylaminophenyl) imidazole, 2- [trans-2-(2-benzoxazolyl)ethenylphenyl] -4-(4-N-disopropylaminophenyl)-5-(4-N- methylaminophenyl) imidazole, 2 - [trans-2 - (2-benzoxazolyl)ethenylphenyl]-4-(4-N-methylaminophenyl)-5-( 4- pyrrolidinophenyl) imidazole, 2- [trans-2- (2-benzoxazolyl)ethenylphenyl] -4- (4-N ,N-dimethylaminophenyl)-5-[4- (2-methoxyethylamino)phenyl] imidazole, 2-[trans-2-(2-benzthiazolyl)ethenylphenyl]-4,5-bis (4-N,N-dimethylaminophenyl)

imidazole, <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> 2- [trans-2- (2-benzthiazolyl)ethenylphenyl] -4-(4-N,N-dimethylaminophenyl) -5-(4- N-methylaminophenyl) imidazole, <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> 2 - [trans-2- (2-cyano)ethenylphenyl] -4,5- (4-N,N-dimethylaminophenyl) imidazole, <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> 2-[trans-2-(2-cyano)ethenylphenyl]-4-(4-N,N-dimethylaminophe nyl) -5- [4-N-(2 - methoxyethyl)amino)phenyl] imidazole, <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> 2-(trans-2-methoxyCarbonyl-ethenylphenyl)-4-(4-N,N-diallylam inophenyl) -5-(4- fluoro-phenyl) imidazole, 2-(trans-2-methoxycarbonyl-ethenylphenyl)-4-(4-N-methylamino phenyl)-5-(4- pyrrolidinophenyl) imidazole, 2-(trans-2-methoxycarbonyl-ethenylphenyl)-4-(4-N-methylamino phenyl)-5-(4- piperidinophenyl) imidazole, 2-(trans-2-methoxycarbonyl-ethenylphenyl)-4-[4-N,N-di(2- methoxyethyl)aminophenyl]-5-(4-N-methylaminophenyl) imidazole, 2-(trans-2-methoxycarbonyl-ethenylphenyl)-4-[4- (1 -imidazolyl)phenyl] -5-(4-N- methylaminophenyl) imidazole, 2- (trans-2-methoxycarbonyl-ethenylphenyl) -4,5-bis (4-N-morpholinophenyl) imidazole, 2-(trans-2-methoxycarbonyl-ethenylphenyl)-4-(4-N,N-dimethyla minophenyl)-5-(4- N-morpholinophenyl) imidazole, 2 - (trans-2 -methoxycarbonyl-ethenylphenyl) -4- (4-N-methylaminophenyl) - 5- (4-N- morpholinophenyl) imidazole: 2-[4-(3-methoxy-trans- 1 -propen- 1 -yl)phenyl] -4, 5-bis (4-N,N- dimethylaminophenyl) imidazole, 2- [4- (3-ethoxy-trans- 1 -propen- 1 -yl)phenyl] -4,5-bis (4-N,N-dimethylaminophenyl) imidazole,

2-[4-(3-ethoxy-trans-1-propen-1-yl)phenyl]-4-(4-N,N-dimethyl aminophenyl)-5-(4- N-methylaminophenyl) imidazole, 2- [4-(3-benzyloxy-trans- l-propen-l -yl)phenyl]-4,5-bis (4-N,N- dimethylaminophenyl) imidazole, 2- [4- (3-phenoxy-trans- 1 -propen- 1 -yl)phenyl] -4- (4-N,N-dimethylaminophenyl) -5- (4-N-methylaminopheny) imidazole, 2-{4-[3-(3,4-dimethoxy-phenoxy)-trans-1-propen-1-yl]phenyl}- 4-(4-N,N- dimethylaminophenyl)-5-(4-N-methylaminopheny) imidazole, 2- [4- (3-N,N-diethylamino-trans- 1 -propen- 1 -yl)phenyl] -4, 5-bis (4-N,N- dimethylaminophenyl) imidazole, 2-[4-(3-N-morpholino-trans- l-propen- l-yl)phenyl]-4,5-bis (4-N,N- dimethylaminophenyl) imidazole, 2-[4-(3-N-piperidino-trans- l-propen- l-yl)phenyl]-4,5-bis (4-N,N- dimethylaminophenyl) imidazole, 2- [4-(3-N,N-dimethylamino-trans- 1 -propen- 1 -yl)phenyl]-4 , 5-bis (4-N,N- dimethylaminophenyl) imidazole, 2-{4-[3-(2-methoxy-ethoxy)-trans-1-propen-1-yl]phenyl}-4,5-b is (4-N,N- dimethylaminophenyl) imidazole, 2-[4- (3-butoxy-trans- 1 -propen- 1 -yl)phenyl] -4, 5-bis (4-N , N-dimethylaminophenyl) imidazole, 2-[4-(3-ethoxy-trans- 1 -propen- 1 -yl)phenyl)-4,5-bis (4-N,N-diethylaminophenyl) imidazole, 2-[4-(3-ethoxy-trans- 1 -propen- 1 -yl)phenyl]-4-(4-N,N-diethylaminophenyl)-5-(4-N- methylaminophenyl) imidazole, 2- [4-(3-methoxy-trans- 1 -propen- 1 -yl)phenyl) -4, 5-bis (4-pyrrolidinophenyl) imidazole,

2- [4-(3-ethoxy-trans- 1 -propen- 1 -yl)phenyl] -4, 5-bis (4-pyrrolidinophenyl) imidazole, 2- [4-(3-ethoxy-trans- 1 -propen- 1 -yl)phenyl] -4-(4-N,N-dimethylaminophenyl)-5- (4- pyrrolidinophenyl) imidazole, 2- [4- (3-ethoxy-trans- 1 -propen- 1 -yl)phenyl] -4-(4-N-methylaminophenyl)-5-(4- pyrrolidinophenyl) imidazole, 2-[4- (3-ethoxy-trans- 1 -propen- 1 -yl)phenyl]-4 , 5-bis (4-N-morpholinophenyl) imidazole, 2- [4- (3-ethoxy-trans- 1 -propen- 1 -yl)phenyl] -4-(4-N,N-dimethylaminophenyl)-5- (4- N-morpholinophenyl) imidazole, 2 - [4- (3-ethoxy-trans- 1 -propen- 1 -yl)phenyl]-4-(4-N-methylaminophenyl) -5- (4-N- morpholinophenyl) imidazole, 2- [4- (3-ethoxy-trans- 1 -propen- 1 -yl)phenyl]-4-(4-N-methylaminophenyl)-5-(4-N- isopropylaminophenyl) imidazole, 2-[4-trans-(2-methanesulfonyl-ethenyl)-phenyl]-4,5-bis (4-N,N- dimethylaminophenyl) imidazole, 2 - (4-N-morpholinophenyl) -4, 5-bis (4-N, N-dimethylaminophenyl) imidazole, 2-[4-(5-ethylcarboxyisoxazol-3-yl)-phenyl]-4,5-bis (4-N,N-dimethylaminophenyl) imidazole, 2- [4-trans-(2-methoxycarbonyl-ethenyl)phenyl]-4-(p-tolyl)-5-(4 -N, N- diethylaminomethylphenyl) imidazole, 2- [4-trans- (2-methoxycarbonyl-ethenyl)phenyl]-4,5-bis (4-N,N- diethylaminomethylphenyl) imidazole, 2- [4-trans-(2-methoxycarbonyl)cyclopropan- 1 -yl] -4,5-bis (4-N,N- diethylaminomethylphenyl) imidazole,

2- [4- (3-ethoxy-trans- 1 -propen- 1 -yl)phenyl]-4, 5-bis (4-dimethoxyphenyl) imidazole, 2-[4-(3-ethoxy-trans-1-propen-1-yl)phenyl]-4,5-bis (4-diethoxyphenyl) imidazole, 2- [4-(3-ethoxy-trans- 1 -propen- 1 -yl)phenyl]-4,5-bis (4-diisopropyloxyphenyl) imidazole, 1 - (3-imidazol- 1 -yl-propyl)-2-[4-(3-ethoxy-trans- 1 -propen- 1 -yl)phenyl] -4, 5-bis (4- dimethoxyphenyl) imidazole, 1-(3-imidazol- 1-yl-propyl)-2-[4-(3-ethoxy-trans- 1-propen- 1-yl)phenyl]-4,5-bis (4- diethoxyphenyl) imidazole, 1-(3-imidazol- 1-yl-propyl)-2-[4-(3-ethoxy-trans- l-propen- 1-yl)phenyl]-4,5-bis (4- diisopropyloxyphenyl) imidazole, 2 - [4- (3 -ethoxy-trans- 1 -propen- 1 -yl)phenyl]-4-(4-N,N-diethylphenyl) imidazole, 2- [4-(3-ethoxy-trans- 1 -propen- 1 -yl)phenyl] -4-(4-methoxyphenyl) imidazole, 2-[4-trans-(2-N,N-dimethylcarbonyl)-ethenyl]phenyl}-4,5-bis (4-N,N- dimethylaminophenyl) imidazole, 2-[4-(3 -hydroxy-trans-l -propen-l -yl)phenyl]-4,5-bis (4-N,N- dimethylaminophenyl) imidazole, 1 -methyl-2- [4-(3-hydroxy-trans- 1 -propen- 1 -yl)phenyl]-4 , 5-bis (4-N,N- dimethylaminophenyl) imidazole, 2-[4-(3-pivalate-trans- l-propen- 1-yl)phenyl]-4,5-bis (4-N,N- dimethylaminophenyl) imidazole, 2- [4- (3-methylcarbonyl-trans- 1 -propen- 1 -yl)phenyl]-4,5-bis (4-N,N- dimethylaminophenyl) imidazole, 2- [4- (3-methylcarbonyl-trans- 1 -propen- 1 -yl)phenyl] -5-methoxy benzimidazole, 2-[4-(3-ethoxy-trans- l-propen- 1-yl)phenyl]-4,5-bis-(4-N-isopropylaminophenyl)

imidazole, <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> 2-[4-(3-ethoxy-trans- l-propen- 1-yl)phenyl]-4-(4-N-ethylaminophenyl)-5-(4-N- isopropylaminophenyl) imidazole, 2- [4- (3-ethoxy-trans- 1 -propen- 1 -yl)phenyl] -4- (4-fluorophenyl)-5-(4-N- isopropylaminophenyl) imidazole, 2 - [4- (3-ethoxy-trans- 1 -propen- 1 -yl) phenyl] -4- (4-N , N-dipropylphenyl) imidazole, 2- [4- (3-ethoxy-trans- 1 -propen- 1 -yl)phenyl] -4- (4-N-isopropylphenyl) imidazole, 2-[4-(3-ethoxy-trans- 1 -propen- 1 -yl)phenyl]-4-(4-N-isobutylphenyl) imidazole, 2- [4- (3-ethoxy-trans- 1 -propen- 1 -yl)phenyl]-4-(4-N-morpholinophenyl) imidazole, 2- [4-(3-ethoxy-trans- 1 -propen- 1 -yl)phenyl]-4- [4-N-(N'-ethyl)-piperizanophenyl) imidazole, 2- [4- (3-ethoxy-trans- 1 -propen- 1 -yl)phenyl]-4-(4-N-morpholinophenyl)-5-methyl- imidazole.

Preferred compositions of the invention include compositions comprising compounds as defined above in structural formula (1) (or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, prodrugs, esters, or solvates of these compounds) in admixture with a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent, adjuvent, or carrier.

Provided according to the invention, therefore, are novel compounds which modulate multi-drug resistance (MDR) in vitro in CEM/VLB1000 human cells.

Provided according to the invention, therefore, are novel compounds which modulate multi-drug resistance (MDR) in murine models with P388-ADR human cells.

Provided according to the invention, therefore, are novel compounds which modulate multi-drug resistance (MDR) in murine models with P388-ADR ascites human tumors.

Another aspect of the present invention provides compositions comprising MDR modulating compounds of the invention suitable for administration to a mammalian host.

As a preferred embodiment, the compounds of the invention may be used as therapeutics to modulate MDR in cancer patients who show resistance to anticancer chemotherapeutic agents such as DOX, taxol and VLB.

Preferred embodiments of the invention further include use of compounds of the invention in pharmaceutical preparations to increase the sensitization of MDR cancer cells in patients who show resistance to anticancer chemotherapeutic agents such as DOX, taxol and VLB.

Compounds of the invention may additionally be used for treatment or modulation of MDR in animals, including commercially important animals.

Provided according to this invention are methods of sensitizing multi- drug resistant tumor cells using the novel compounds of the present invention.

Provided according to this invention are methods of treatment of MDR or drug-sensitive tumor cells by administering a sufficient amount of a compound of the present invention, prior to, together with, or subsequent to the administration of an antitumor chemotherapeutic agent.

Provided according to this invention are pharmaceutical compositions for increasing the sensitivity of tumor cells to antitumor chemotherapeutic agents and thus for the treatment of tumors that are susceptible to anti-cancer chemotherapeutic agents but have become resistant to such chemotherapy.

The invention further provides methods for making compounds of Formula (1) of the present invention having MDR modulating activity. The compounds of Formula (1) maybe prepared by procedures known to those skilled in the art from known compounds or readily preparable intermediates.

The following Examples are intended to illustrate the preparation of compounds of Formula 1, and as such are not intended to limit the invention as set forth in the claims appended thereto. Furthermore, the compounds described in the following examples are not to be construed as forming the only genus that is considered as the invention, and any combination of the compounds or their moieties may itself form a genus. The structure and purity of all final products were assured ny at least one of the following methods: thin -layer chromatography (TLC), mass spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. NMR data is in the form of delta (d) values for major diagnostic

protons, given in parts per million (ppm) relative to tetramethylsilane (TMS) as internal standard, determined at 400 MHz in deuterated sovents such as deuteriochloroform (CDCl3), and deuteriomethanol (CD30D); conventional abbreviations used for signal shape are: s, singlet; d, doublet; t, triplet; dd, double of doublet; dt, double of triplet; m, multiplet; br., broad; etc. The following abbreviations have also been used: mL (milliliter), g (gram), mg (milligram), mol (moles), mmol (millimoles), equiv (equivalent).

The procedures employed to synthesize compounds depicted in Formula 1 are as follows: Method A. General Procedure for the Preparation of Diones: There are three methods by which these diones were synthesized, namely: Method 1 4,4'-difluorodione 4 was reacted with a series of amines (R1R2NH) using an appropriate base such as K2CO3, Na2CO3, Et3N, diisopropylethylamine (DIEA), etc., at elevated temperature (60-1 500C) in an appropriate solvent such as alcohol, acetonitrile, N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) to provide the mono-amino-diones 2 (procedure Bader et al J. Org. Chem. 1966, 31, 2319). The mono-amino-diones 2 were further reacted with another amine (R3R4NH) under the same conditions to afford the desired diones 3 as shown in Scheme 1. This procedure allows for the synthesis of unsymmetrical diones 6 (wherein R1R2NH is different from R3R4NH). This chemistry was carried out using 1-1.5 equivalent of R1R2NH and upon the completion of the reaction another equivalent of different amine (R3R4NH) was added to the reaction mixture to provide the desired unsymmetrical diones (Scheme 1). R1 F l >0 ,N-H R3R4 R2 N lo R4 $Io 1)0 Base, 90"C i)o Base, 900C $0 R1RZ R1R2N 1 2 3 Scheme 1

Unsymmetrcal diones were prepared according to the following procedure: To a solution of 4,4'-difluorobenzil in DMSO (0.5 M) was added 1.2 equiv of amine R1R2NH and 2 equiv of potassium carbonate. The resulting mixture was stirred in a 90"C oil bath for 6-15 hours (TLC monitoring). After completion, the mixture was diluted with ether and extracted with 3 M hydrochloric acid (x5) to remove the small amount of product resulted from the di-displacement. The organic layer was then washed with 6 M hydrochloric acid until no more desired product in the ether layer (5 times). The aqueous layer was neutralized to pH 8 with 6 M aqueous sodium hydroxide and it was extracted with dichloromethane. The organic layers were dried (Na2S04), evaporated to give 4-amino,4'-fluorobenzil. This procedure was repeated with the second amine R3R4NH (normally 2-3 equiv) and a simple workup by diluting the reaction mixture into ether and washed with water to remove DMSO. 4, 4'- diaminobenzil was thus obtained (50-90% overall depending amines used) in high purity.

For symmetrical diones (wherein R1R2NH is equal to R2R3NH) the following procedure was followed: To a solution of 4,4'-difluorobenzil in DMSO (0.5 M) was added 2-3 equiv of amine R1R2NH and 2-3 equiv of potassium carbonate. The resulting mixture was stirred in an 90"C oil bath for 6-15 hours (TLC monitoring). After completion, the mixture was diluted into ether and washed with water to remove DMSO. The desired diones 6 were obtained (50-90% overall depending amines used) in high purity. The following examples have been synthesized according to method 1: Examples 4) 4-N, N-dimethylamino-4 '-methylaminobenzil 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) 8 2.80 (s, 3H), 3.03 (s, 6H), 4.48 (br s, 1H),

6.48 (d, 2H), 6.59 (d, 2H), 7.75 (d, 2H), 7.79 (d, 2H).

5) 4-N,N-diethylamino-4'-methylaminobenzil 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) 8 1.15 (t, 6H), 2.85 (s, 3H), 3.37 (q, 4H), 4.40 (s, 1H), 6.50 (d, 2H), 6.57 (d, 2H), 7.78 (d, 4H).

6) 4-N-isopropylamino-4'-methylaminobenzil 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) 8 1.18 (d, 6H), 2.83 (d, 3H), 3.65 (m, 1H), 4.28 (br d, 1H), 4.54 (br s, 1H), 6.47 (d, 2H), 6.49 (d, 2H), 7.74 (d, 2H), 7.76 (d, 2H).

7) 4-pyrrolidino-4'-methylaminobenzil 'H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) # 1.98 (m, 4H), 2.83 (s, 3H), 3.32 (m, 4H), 4.48

(s, 1H), 6.46 (d, 2H), 6.48 (d, 2H), 7.76 (d, 2H), 7.78 (d, 2H).

8) 4-piperidino-4'-methylaminobenzil 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) 6 1.61 (br s, 6H), 2.83 (d, 3H), 3.35 (br s, 4H), 4.48 (s, 1H), 6.49 (d, 2H), 6.77 (d, 2H), 7.76 (d, 2H), 7.78 (d, 2H).

9) 4-N,N-dimethylamino-4'-N-(2-methoxyethyl)aminobenzil 'H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) # 3.03 (s, 6H), 3.32 (m, 5H), 3.56 (t, 2H), 4.66 (s, 1H), 6.53 (d, 2H), 6.60 (d, 2H), 7.77 (d, 2H), 7.80 (d, 2H).

10) 4-N,N-di-(2-methoxyethyl)amino-4'-methylaminobenzil

1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) # 2.82 (d, 3H), 3.29 (s, 6H), 3.50 (t, 4H), 3.60 (t, 4H), 4.48 (br s, 1H), 6.49 (d, 2H), 6.64 (d, 2H), 7.76 (d, 4H).

11) 4-(imidazol-1-yl)-4'-N-(2-methoxyethyl)aminobenzil 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD30D) # 2.82 (s, 3H), 6.59 (d, 2H), 7.15 (s, 1H), 7.69 (m, 3H), 7.76 (d, 2H), 8.05 (d, 2H), 8.29 (s, 1H).

12) 4,4'-bis(4-morpholino)benzil 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) # 3.30 (m, 8H), 3.80 (m, 8H), 6.80 (d, 4H), 7.82

(d, 4H).

13) 4-N, N-dimethylamino-4 '- (4-morpholino) benzil 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) 8 3.04 (s, 6H), 3.30 (m, 4H), 3.81 (m, 4H), 6.61 (d, 2H), 6.82 (d, 2H), 7.81 (d, 2H), 7.85 (d, 2H).

14) 4-N-methylamino-4'-(4-morpholino)benzil 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) # 2.90 (d, 3H), 3.30 (m, 4H), 3.80 (m, 4H), 4.42 (m, 1H), 6.52 (d, 2H), 6.82 (d, 2H), 7.78 (d, 2H), 7.84 (d, 2H).

15) 4-N,N-diallylamino-4'-fluorobenzil

1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) 63.95 (d, 4H), 5.12 (m, 4H), 5.78 (m, 2H), 6.63 (d, 2H), 7.09 (d, 1H), 7.10 (d, 1H), 7.75 (d, 2H), 7.96 (m, 2H).

Method 2 Compound 19 and 20 were prepared according to Venugopalan et al (Indian J. Chem. 1991, 30B, 777-783).

Compound 19 has: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) 8 1.00 (t, 6H), 2.39 (s, 3H), 2.50 (q, 4H), 3.60 (s, 3H), 3.61 (s, 2H), 7.26 (d, 2H), 7.45 (d, 2H), 7.83 (d, 2H), 7.86 (d, 2H).

Compound 20 has: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDC13) 6 1.00 (t, 12H), 2.50 (q, 8H), 3.60 (s, 4H), 7.46 (d, 4H), 7.87 (d, 4H).

Method B. General method for the synthesis of aldehydes Method B-1

Aldehydes 23 were prepared according to Houpis et al (J. Org. Chem.

1993, 58, 3176-3178).

Examples 25) p- [trans-2- (benzoxazol-2-yl)ethenyl]benzaldehyde To a solution of terephthaldehyde momo (diethyl acetal) 21 (5.000 g, 24 mmol.), 2-methylbenzoxazole in 5:1 THF-t-BuOH (77.4 mL) cooled at -5°C, was added t-BuOK in THF (1.0 M, 36.0 mL, 36.0 mmol.) in such a rate to keep the internal temperature of the reaction below 0°C (ca. 10 min). The resulting mixture was stirred under nitrogen overnight during which time the temperature rised up to room tempt. It was then diluted with ethyl acetate and washed with sat. sodium bicarbonate. The organic layer was dried (Na2SO4) and evaporated to give a brown oily solid. It was then dissolved in boiling methanol (50 mL) and cooled to room tempt. The white solid was precipitated out after the addition of water (25 mL) and the solid was collectted. The acetal thus obtained was hydrolysed by stirring the product in 3:1 THF- 1 N HC1 solution for 10 min. The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate, the organic layers were washed with sat. sodium bicarbonate, brine and dried (Na2S04). Evaporation gave a slightly yellow solid 25, 4.43 g (74% overall yield). Compound 25 has: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDC13) 87.14 (d, 1H), 7.31 (m, 2H), 7.49 (m, 1H), 7.68 (m, 3H), 7.75 (d, 1H), 7.86 (d, 2H), 10.00 (s, 1H).

26) p-[trans-2- (benzthiazol-2-yl)ethenyl]benzaldehyde Compound 26 has: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDC13) â 7.36 (dd, 1H), 7.44 (dd, 1H), 7.50 (d, 2H), 7.68 (d,, 2H), 7.84 (d, 1H), 7.88 (d, 2H), 7.98 (d, 1H), 9.98 (s,

lH).

Method B-2 By allowing a compound (27) wherein Ar is defined as above to react with compound (28) wherein EWG is esters and other electron withdrawing groups, under the following condintions, the desired compounds (29) can be obtained.

These reactions may be carried out neat or in a solvent such as dimethylformamide (DMF), tetrahydrofuran (THF), and toluene in the presence of a catalyst (e.g. Pd(OAc)2, Pd(PPh3)4, Pd2dba3), a ligand (e.g. Ph3P, Ph3As, (o- tolyl)3P) and a base (e.g. K2C03, CsCO3, Et3N) at temperatures ranging from 23°C to 1300C, for 1 to 60 hours.

Examples 32) Methyl 4-formyl trans-cinnamate Prepared according to Patel et al (J. Org. Chem., 1977, 42, 3903).

Compound 32 has: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) 8 3.78 (s, 3H), 6.50 (d, 1H), 7.63 (m, 3H), 7.85 (d, 2H), 9.98 (s, 1H)..

33) p-[trans-2-(methylsulfonyl)ethenyl]benzaldehyde

Compound 33 has: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDC13) à 3.00 (s, 3H), 7.01 (d, 1H), 7.63 (d, 1H), 7.64 (d, 2H), 7.90 (d, 2H).

Method B-3 36) p- [trans- 2- (cyano)ethenyl]benzaldehyde Amonia (0.5 M in dioxane, 45 mL, 22.5 mmol.) was added to a suspension of 34 2.10 g, 12 mmol.), EDCI (2.37 g, 14.4 mmol.) and DMAP (0.293 g, 2.4 mmol.) in dichloromethane (50 mL). The resulting mixture was stirred at room tempt overnight. It was then diluted with dichloromethane and washed with 1.0 M hydrochloric acid, followed by sat. sodium bicarbonate. The organic layer was dried (Na2SO4) and evaporated to give 1.244 g of compound 35 as a sightly yellow solid.

To a solution of Compound 35 (340 mg, 1.94 mmol.) in dichloromethane (20.0 mL) was added triethylamine (1.62 mL, 11.64 mmol.), thriphenylphosphine (1.5 g, 5.8 mmol.) and hexachloroethane (1.37 g, 5.8 mmol.). The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 10 min and evaporated. Flash chromatography of the residue (silica, 2.0 x 10 cm) by using 20 and 30% ethyl acetate - hexanes gave compound 36, 118 mg. Compound 36 has: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) 5 5.98 (d, 1H), 7.57 (d, 2H), 7.61 (d, 1H), 7.87 (d, 2H), 1.00 (s, lH).

Method B-4 m OH l)HO OH r OH Q TsOH, Benzene, reflux [> N Rl/NaH/THF l N X 2)DIBAL-H/DCM/-78°C > 2) HCI/THF ½ COOMe OR OUR 37 38 39 37 3 A solution of aldehyde 37 (2.3 g, 12.1 mmol), ethylene glycol (1.35 mL, 24.2 mmol) , and p-toluenesulfonic acid (10 mg, catalytic amount) in benzene (30.0 mL) was refluxed for 2 h. Then it was diluted with ethyl acetate and washed with sat. aqueous sodium bicarbonate and brine, dried (Na2S04), evaporated. The crude material thus obtained was dissolved in dichloromethane (DCM, 100.0 mL) and cooled to -78°C. DIBAL-H (1.0 M in DCM, 45 mL, 45.mmol) was added over 20 min. Aqueous NaOH (1.0 M, 100 mL) was added and the mixture was warmed to room temperature (23"C) and the layers were separated. The aqueous layer was extracted with DCM (X3), and the combined organic layers were dried (Na2SO4) and evaporated. Flash chromatography of the residue over silica gel gave the desired allylic alcohol 37. Compound 37 has: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) d 4.00 (d, 2H), 4.10 (m, 2H), 4.30 (d, 2H), 6.35 (dt, 1H), 6.60 (d, 1H), 7.48 (m, 4H).

Alkylation of allylic alcohol 38 with alkyl iodide and sodium hydride in THF following the standard procedure (Jung, M. E. et al.,Tetrahedron Lett., 1989, 30, 641) and hydrolysis of the resulting acetal with 1 N aqueous HC1 gave the corresponding allylic ether 39.

Examples 40) p-(3-methoxy-trans- 1 -propen- 1 -yl) benzaldehyde

Compound 40 has: 'H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) 6 3.20 (s, 3H), 4.10 (d, 2H), 6.40 (dt, 1H), 6.64 (d, 1H), 7.49 (d, 2H), 7.80 (d, 2H).

41) p- (3-ethoxy-trans- 1 -propen- 1 -yl) benzaldehyde Compound 41 has: 'H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) 6 1.23 (t, 3H), 3.54 (q, 2H), 4.14 (d, 2H), 6.42 (dt, 1H), 6.64 (d, 1H), 7.49 (d, 2H), 7.79 (d, 2H).

42) p-(3-benzyloxy-trans- 1 -propen- 1 -yl) benzaldehyde Compound 42 has: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) 6 4.20 (d, 2H), 4.56 (s, 2H), 6.46 (dt, 1H), 6.67 (d, 1H), 7.34 (m, 5H), 7.49 (d, 2H), 7.79 (d, 2H).

43) p-(3-butyloxy-trans- l-propen- l-yl) benzaldehyde

Compound 43 has: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) 6 0.90 (t, 3H), 1.39 (m, 2H), 1.57 (m, 2H), 3.47 (t, 2H), 4.13 (d, 2H), 6.43 (m, 1H), 6.64 (d, 1H), 7.49 (d, 2H), 7.79 (d, 2H), 9.94 (s, 1H).

44) p-[3-(2-methoxyethyl)-trans- 1-propen-1-yl) ]benzaldehyde Compound 44 has: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) 8 3.38 (s, 3H), 3.55 (m, 2H), 3.64 (m, 2H), 4.20 (d, 2H), 6.43 (m, 1H), 6.64 (d, 1H), 7.48 (d, 2H), 7.79 (d, 2H), 9.94 (s, 1H).

Method B-5 46) p-(3-phenoxy-trans- l-propen- l-yl) benzaldehyde Carbon tetrabromide (723 mg, 2.18 mmol) was added, in one prtion, to a

solution of allylic alcohol 38 (300 mg, 1.45 mmol), and triphenylphosphine (456 mg, 1.75 mmol) in DCM at room temperature (23°C). After 2 min, sat aqueous sodium bicarbonate was added and the layers were separated. The aqueous layer was extracted with DCM once and the combined organic layers were dried (Na2S04), and evaporated. Flash chromatography of the residue over silica gel gave a white solid 344 mg (88%). Allylic bromide 45 has: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) d 4.20 (d, 2H), 4.56 (s, 2H), 6.46 (dt, 1H), 6.67 (d, 1H), 7.34 (m, 5H), 7.49 (d, 2H), 7.79 (d, 2H).

The mixture of allylic bromide 45 (50 mg, 0.185 mmol), phenol (35 mg, 0.37 mmol), and sodium hydride (excess) in THF (2.0 mL) was heated at 50 C for 5 h. 1 N aqueous HC1 was added after cooling down to 23"C, 20 min later, the mixture ws diluted with ethyl acetate and washed with 1 N NaOH. The organic layer was dried (Na2S04), and evaporated. Purification of the residue on preparative TLC gave the desired aldehyde 46, 24 mg, as a white solid.

Compound 46 has: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) 6 4.70 (d, 2H), 6.55 (dt, 1H), 6.77 (d, 1H), 6.94 (m, 3H), 7.28 (m, 2H), 7.51 (d, 2H), 7.81 (d, 2H), 9.98 (s, 1H).

47) p-[3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenoxy)-trans- l-propen- l-yl) benzaldehyde Compound 47 has: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) 6 3.80 (s, 3H), 3.82 (s, 3H), 4.63 (d, 2H), 6.44 (m, 1H), 6.54 (m, 2H), 6.75 (m, 2H), 7.50 (d, 2H), 7.79 (d, 2H), 9.96 (s, 1H).

Method B-6 48) p-[3- (1 -morpholino)-trans- 1 -propen- 1 -yl] benzaldehyde Morpholine (82 mL, 0.945 mmol) was added to a solution of allylic bromide 45 in acetonitrile (3.0 mL). 30 min later, 1 N aqueous HC1 was added and the resulting mixture was stirred for 20 min. It was then diluted with ethyl acetate and washed with sat. aqueous Na2CO3, dried (Na2SO4). Evaporation off the solvents gave the desired product 48, 55 mg. Compound 48 has: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) 6 2.50 (m, 4H), 3.20 (d, 2H), 3.64 (m, 4H), 6.46 (m, 1H), 6.65 (d, 1H), 7.58 (d, 2H), 7.82(d, 2H), 9.92 (s, 1H).

49) p-[3-(1-piperidino)-trans-1-propen-1 -yl] benzaldehyde Compound 49 has: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) 6 1.24 (m, 2H), 1.60 (m, 4H), 2.50 (m, 4H), 3.18 (d, 2H), 6.46 (m, 1H), 6.64 (d, 1H), 7.58 (d, 2H), 7.82(d, 2H), 9.92 (s, 1H).

50) p-(3-N,N-dimethylamino-trans- 1-propen-1-yl) benzaldehyde

Compound 50 has: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) 6 2.30 (s, 6H), 3.18 (d, 2H), 6.46 (m, 1H), 6.64 (d, 1H), 7.58 (d, 2H), 7.82(d, 2H), 9.92 (s, 1H).

Method B-7 51) p- (3-N,N-diethylcarbamate-trans- l-propen- 1 -yl) benzaldehyde Carbonyl diimidazole (66 mg, 0.407 mmol) was added to a solution of allylic alcohol 38 (42 mg, 0.204 mmol) in THF. The resulting mixture was stirred for 1 h at 23"C and diethylamine (63 mL, 0.612 mmol). It was then heated up to 60 "C for overnight. 1 N HC1 was then added and the resulting mixture was stirred for 20 min. It was then diluted with ethyl acetate and washed with water.

The organic layer was dried and evaporated. The crude material (30 mg) was chromatographically pure. Compound 51 has: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) 8 1.10 (t, 6H), 3.28 (m, 4H), 4.75 (d, 2H), 6.44 (m, 1H), 6.62 (d, 1H), 7.50 (d, 2H), 7.80 (d, 2H), 9.95 (s, 1H).

Method B-8 52) p- [trans- (2 -methoxycarbonylcyclopropan- 1 -yl] benzaldehyde

Diazomethane (0.3 M in Et2O, 8.6 mL, 2.6 mmol) was added to a suspension of compound 37 (123 mg, 0.64 mmol), palladium acetate (catalytic amount) in ether (1.0 mL). After stirring at 23"C overnight, it was quenched with acetic acid. The mixture was diluted with DCM, washed with sat. aqueous sodium carbonate, and dried (Na2S04). Evaporation off the solvents gave the desired compound as an oil (99 mg). Compound 52 has: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) 8 1.35 (m, 1H), 1.60 (m, 1H), 1.92 (m, 1H), 2.50 (m, 1H), 3.64 (s, 3H), 7.18 (d, 2H), 7.78 (d, 2H), 9.90 (s, 1H).

Method C. General Procedure for the Preparation of Imidazoles: Method 1 Imidazoles 55 were synthesed according to modified literature procedure (Krieg et al Z Naturforsch teil 1967, 22b, 132).

The proper dione (3.04 mmol.) and aldehyde (4.56 mmol.) were placed in acetic acid (5.85 mL) and ammonium acetate (30.4 mmol.) was placed in acetic acid (1.75 mL) in a separated reaction flask. Both of the flasks were heated in an preheated oil bath (140"C). As soon as the solids in the two flasks were dissolved, poured the hot solution of ammonium acetate in acetic acid into the other flask which contains the aldehyde and dione. The resulting mixture was heated at 140"C for 40 min. It was then cooled to room temperature. The pH of solution was adjusted to 0.8 using 3.0 M hydrochloric acid. It was then extracted with ether (5 times) to remove the unreacted aldehyde and dione). The

aqueous layer was neutralized to pH 8 with 3 M sodium hydroxide and extracted with methylenechloride (3 times). The organic layers were dired (N2S04) and evaporated to give the corresponding imidazole compound.

Example 56 2-[trans-2- (2 -benzoxazolyl)ethenylphenyl] -4,5-bis (4-N,N- dimethylaminophenyl) imidazole: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDC13) 6 2.95 (s, 12H), 6.55 (d, 4H), 6.90 (d, 1H), 7.21 (m, 6H), 7.39 (m, 1H), 7.50 (m, 3H), 7.63 (d, 1H), 7.83 (d, 2H); ESIMS, m/zfor C34H310N5 [M+H]+: 526.

Example 57 2- [trans-2-(2-benzoxazolyl)ethenylphenyl] -4-(4-N,N- dimethylaminophenyl) -5-(4-N-methylaminophenyl) imidazole: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD30D) 6 2.78 (s, 3H), 2.95 (s, 6H), 6.51 (d, 2H), 6.63 (d, 2H), 6.98 (d, 2H), 7.36 (m, 8H), 7.64 (m, 1H), 7.70 (d, 1H), 7.85 (d, 2H); ESIMS, m/z for C33H290N5 [M+H]+: 512.

Example 58 2- [trans-2- (2-benzoxazolyl)ethenylphenyl] -4-(4-N,N-diethylarninophenyl) - 5- (4-N-methylaminophenyl) imidazole: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) 5 1.12 (t, 6H), 2.80 (s, 3H), 3.31 (q, 4H), 6.53 (d, 2H), 6.59 (d, 2H), 6.98 (d, 1H), 7.29 (m, 2H), 7.39 (m, 4H), 7.49 (m, 1H), 7.52 (d, 2H), 7.65 (m, 1H), 7.70 (d, 1H), 7.86 (d, 2H); ESIMS, m/z for C35H330N5 [M+H]+: 540.

Example 59 2-[trans-2-(2-benzoxazolyl)ethenylphenyl]-4-(4-N-disopropyla minophenyl)- 5-(4-N-methylaminophenyl) imidazole:

1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) 8 1.14 (s, 3H), 1.16 (s, 3H), 2.76 (s, 3H), 3.56 (m, 1H), 6.48 (m, 4H), 6.92 (d, 1H), 7.31 (m, 6H), 7.46 (m, 3H), 7.62 (m, 1H), 7.66 (d, 1H), 7.83 (d, 2H); ESIMS, m/z for C34H310N5 [M+H]+: 526.

Example 60 2-[trans-2-(2-benzoxazolyl)ethenylphenyl]-4-(4-N-methylamino phenyl)-5- (4-pyrrolidinophenyl) imidazole: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDC13) 6 1.95 (br s, 4H), 2.80 (br s, 3H), 3.30 (br s, 4H), 6.50 (m, 4H), 7.00 (br d, 1H), 7.22-7.90 (m, 13H); ESIMS, m/z for C35H310N5 [M+H]+: 538.

Example 61 2-[trans-2-(2-benzoxazolyl)ethenylphenyl]-4-(4-N,N- dimethylaminophenyl)-5-[4-(2-methoxyethylamino)phenyl] imidazole:

1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) 8 2.90 (s, 6H), 3.24 (br s, 2H), 3.35 (s, 3H), 3.56 (t, 2H), 6.54 (d, 2H), 6.63 (d, 2H), 6.97 (d, 1H), 7.24-7.44 (m, 6H), 7.49 (m, 3H), 7.64 (m, 1H), 7.69 (s, 1H), 7.85 (d, 2H); ESIMS, m/z for C35H3302N5 [M+H]+: 556.

Example 62 2-[trans-2- (2-benzthiazolyl)ethenylphenyl]-4, 5-bis (4-N,N- dimethylaminophenyl) imidazole: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDC13) 6 2.85 (s, 12H), 6.62 (d, 4H), 7.26-7.56 (m, 9H), 7.76-7.88 (m, 3H), 7.92 (d, 2H); ESIMS, m/z for C34H31SN5 [M+H]+: 542.

Example 63 2- [trans-2-(2-benzthiazolyl)ethenylphenyl] -4-(4-N,N- dimethylaminophenyl)-5-(4-N-methylaminophenyl) imidazole:

1H NMR (400 MHz, CDC13) 6 2.80 (s, 3H), 2.90 (s, 6H), 6.53 (d, 2H), 6.64 (d, 4H), 7.26-7.50 (m, 6H), 7..54 (d, 2 H), 7.80 (d, 1H), 7.85 (d, 2H), 7.93 (d, 1H); ESIMS, m/z for C33H29SN5 [M+H]+: 528.

Example 64 2-[trans-2-(2-cyano)ethenylphenyl]-4,5-(4-N,N-dimethylaminop henyl) imidazole: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDC13) 6 2.95 (s, 12H), 5.80 (d, 1H), 6.65 (d, 4H), 7.40 (m, 7H), 7.85 (br s, 2H); ESIMS, m/z for C28H27N5 [M+H]+: 434.

Example 65 2-[trans-2-(2-cyano)ethenylphenyl]-4-(4-N,N-dimethylaminophe nyl)-5-[4- N-(2-methoxyethyl)amino)phenyl] imidazole:

1H NMR (400 MHz, CD30D) 6 2.92 (s, 6H), 3.25 (m, 2H), 3.34 (s, 3H), 3.54 (t, 2H), 6.20 (d, 1H), 6.60 (d, 2H), 6.70 (d, 2H), 7.26 (m, 4H), 7.50 (d, 1H), 7.60 (d, 2H), 7.96 (d, 2H); ESIMS, m/z for C2sH2sNsO[M+H]+: 464.

Example 66 2-(trans-2-methoxycarbonyl-ethenylphenyl)-4-(4-N,N-diallylam inophenyl)- 5-(4-fluoro-phenyl) imidazole: Compound 66 was prepared according the method C by using the proper dione and aldehyde. Compound 66 has: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDC13) 6 3.76 (s, 3H), 3.91 (s, 4H), 5.16 (m, 4H), 5.83 (m, 2H), 6.41 (d, 1H), 6.63 (d, 2H), 6.96 (m, 2H), 7.24 (d, 2H), 7.57 (m, 5H), 7.84 (d, 2H); ESIMS, m/z for C31H2802N3F [M+H]+: 494.

Example 67 2-(trans-2-methoxycarbonyl-ethenylphenyl)-4-(4-N-methylamino phenyl)- 5-(4-pyrrolidinophenyl) imidazole:

Compound 67 was prepared according the method C by using the proper dione and aldehyde. Compound 67 has: lH NMR (400 MHz, CD30D) 6 1.96 (m, 4H), 2.74 (s, 3H), 3.10 (s, 4H), 3.78 (s, 3H), 6.42-6.56 (m, 5H), 7.24 (dd, 4H), 7.58 (d, 2H), 7.64 (d, 1H), 7.91 (d, 2H); ESIMS, m/zfor C30H3002N4 [M+H]+: 479.

Example 68 2 - (trans- 2 -methoxycarbonyl-ethenylphenyl) -4- (4-N-methylaminophenyl) - 5- (4-piperidinophenyl) imidazole: Compound 68 was prepared according the method C by using the proper dione and aldehyde. Compound 68 has: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD30D) 6 1.54 (m, 2H), 1.64 (m, 4H), 2.74 (s, 3H), 3.08 (s, 4H), 3.78 (s, 3H), 6.48 (d, 1H), 6.54 (d, 2H), 6.85 (d, 2H), 7.20 (d, 2H), 7.31 (d, 2H), 7.58 (d, 2H), 7.63 (d, 1H), 7.91 (d, 2H); ESIMS, m/z for C31H3202N4 [M+H]+: 493.

Example 69

2-(trans-2-methoxycarbonyl-ethenylphenyl)-4-[4-N,N-di(2- methoxyethyl)aminophenyl]-5-(4-N-methylaminophenyl) imidazole: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) 8 2.82 (s, 3H), 3.30 (s, 6H), 3.52 (m, 8H), 3.80 (s, 3H), 6.42 (d, 1H), 6.60 (m, 4H), 7.30-7.60 (m, 6H), 7.68 (d, 1H), 7.90 (br s, 2H); ESIMS, m/z for C32H3604N4 [M+H]+: 541.

Example 70 2 - (trans-2-methoxycarbonyl-ethenylphenyl)-4- [4- (1 -imidazolyl)phenyl] - 5- (4-N-methylaminophenyl) imidazole: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) 8 2.80 (s, 3H), 3.72 (s, 3H), 6.36 (d, 1H), 6.53 (d, 2H), 7.06 (s, 1H), 7.21 (d, 4H), 7.48 (d, 2H), 7.59 (d, 1H), 7.62 (d, 2H), 7.74 (s, 1H), 7.89 (d, 2H); ESIMS, m/z for C2sH2sO2Ns [M+H]+: 476.

Example 71 2-(trans-2-methoxycarbonyl-ethenylphenyl)-4,5-bis (4-N-

morpholinophenyl) imidazole: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) # 3.10 (t, 8H), 3.74 (s, 3H), 3.79 (t, 8H), 6.36 (d, 1H), 6.79 (d, 4H), 7.36 (d, 4H), 7.47 (d, 2H), 7.59 (d, 1H), 7.86 (d, 2H); ESIMS, m/z for C33H3404N4 [M+H]+: 551.

Example 72 2-(trans-2-methoxycarbonyl-ethenylphenyl)-4-(4-N,N- dimethylaminophenyl)-5-(4-N-morpholinophenyl) imidazole: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) 6 2.90 (br s, 6H), 3.10 (br s, 4H), 3.76 (s, 3H), 3.82 (m, 4H), 6.40 (d, 1H), 6.65 (d, 2H), 6.81 (d, 2H), 7.28-7.56 (m, 6H), 7.63 (d, 1H), 7.84 (d, 2H); ESIMS, m/z for C31H3203N4 [M+H]+: 509.

Example 73 2-(trans-2-methoxycarbonyl-ethenylphenyl)-4-(4-N-methylamino phenyl)- 5-(4-N-morpholinophenyl) imidazole:

1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) 6 2.80 (br s, 3H), 3.10 (m, 4H), 3.76 (s, 3H), 3.82 (t, 4H), 6.37 (d, 1H), 6.52 (d, 2H), 6.80 (d, 2H), 7.28-7.56 (m, 6H), 7.61 (d, 1H), 7.83 (d, 2H); ESIMS, m/zfor C30H3003N4 [M+H]+: 495.

Example 74 2-[4- (3-methoxy-trans-l -propen-l -yl)phenyl]-4, 5-bis (4-N,N- dimethylaminophenyl) imidazole: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD30D) 8 2.90 (s, 12H), 3.35 (s, 3H), 4.10 (d, 2H), 6.35 (m, 1H), 6.65 (d, 1H), 6.70 (d, 4H), 7.30 (d, 4H), 7.50 (d, 2H), 7.90 (d, 2H); ESIMS, m/z for C29H320N4 [M+H]+: 453.

Example 75 2 -[4-(3-ethoxy-trans- 1 -propen- 1 -yl)phenyl] -4 ,5-bis (4-N,N- dimethylaminophenyl) imidazole:

1H NMR (400 MHz, CD30D) 6 1.10 (t, 3H), 2.90 (s, 12H), 3.50 (q, 2H), 4.10 (br s, 2H), 6.35 (m, 1H), 6.65 (d, 1H), 6.70 (d, 4H), 7.30 (br s, 4H), 7.50 (d, 2H), 7.90 (br s, 2H); ESIMS, m/z for C30H340N4 [M+H]+: 467.

Example 76 2- [4-(3-ethoxy-trans- 1 -propen- 1 -yl)phenyl] -4-(4-N, N- dimethylaminophenyl)-5-(4-N-methylaminophenyl) imidazole: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD30D) 8 1.36 (t, 3H), 2.90 (s, 3H), 3.08 (s, 6H), 3.70 (q, 2H), 4.28 (d, 2H), 6.45 (m, 1H), 6.71 (d, 2H), 6.76 (d, 1H), 6.85 (d, 2H), 7.39 (d, 2H), 7.47 (d, 2H), 7.60 (d, 2H), 8.02 (d, 2H); ESIMS, m/z for C29H320N4 [M+H]+: 453.

Example 77 2-[4-(3-benzyloxy-trans- 1 -propen- 1-yl)phenyl]-4,5-bis (4-N,N- dimethylaminophenyl) imidazole:

1H NMR (400 MHz, CD30D) 6 2.90 (s, 12H), 4.17 (d, 2H), 4.54 (s, 2H), 6.38 (m, 1H), 6.64 (d, 1H), 6.69 (d, 4H), 7.30 (m, 9H), 7.46 (d, 2H), 7.86 (d, 2H); ESIMS, m/z for C35H360N4 [M+H]+: 529.

Example 78 2-[4-(3-phenoxy-trans- l-propen- 1-yl)phenyl]-4-(4-N,N- dimethylaminophenyl) -5-(4-N-methylaminopheny) imidazole: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD30D) 6 2.70 (s, 3H), 2.90 (s, 6H), 4.68 (d, 2H), 6.48 (m, 1H), 6.57 (d, 1H), 6.72 (m, 4H), 6.88 (t, 1H), 6.94 (d, 1H), 7.24 (m, 4H), 7.32 (d, 2H), 7.48 (d, 2H), 7.88 (d, 2H).

Example 79 2-{4-[3-(3,4-dimethoxy-phenoxy)-trans-1-propen-1-yl]phenyl}- 4-(4-N,N- dimethylaminophenyl)-5-(4-N-methylaminophenyl) imidazole:

1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) # 2.90 (s, 12H), 3.70 (s, 3H), 3.78 (s, 3H), 5.10 (m, 2H), 6.30 (m, 1H), 6.44 (s, 1H), 6.70 (m, 6H), 7.30 (m, 7H), 7.80 (d, 2H).

Example 80 2- [4-(3-N, N-diethylamino-trans- 1 -propen- 1-yl)phenyl]-4,5-bis (4-N,N- dimethylaminophenyl) imidazole: 'H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) # 1.10 (m, 6H), 2.90 (s, 12H), 3.28 (m, 4H), 4.70 (d, 2H), 6.34 (m, 1H), 6.65 (d, 1H), 6.67 (d, 4H), 7.30 (d, 4H), 7.46 (d, 2H), 7.86 (d, 2H).

Example 81 2-[4-(3-N-morpholino-trans-1-propen-1-yl)phenyl]-4,5-bis (4-N,N- dimethylaminophenyl) imidazole:

1H NMR (400 MHz, CD30D) 6 2.49 (br s, 4H), 2.89 (s, 12H), 3.15 (d, 2H), 3.67 (dd, 4H), 6.29 (m, 1H), 6.58 (d, 1H), 6.69 (d, 4H), 7.29 (d, 4H), 7.44 (d, 2H), 7.86 (d, 2H); ESIMS, m/z for C32H370N5 [M+H]+: 508.

Example 82 2- [4-(3-N-piperidino-trans- 1 -propen- 1 -yl)phenyl]-4 , 5-bis (4-N,N- dimethylaminophenyl) imidazole: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD30D) 6 1.45 (br s, 2H), 1.60 (m, 4H), 2.47 (br s, 4H), 2.89 (s, 12H), 3.13 (d, 2H), 6.30 (m, 1H), 6.55 (d, 1H), 6.69 (d, 4H), 7.29 (d, 4H), 7.43 (d, 2H), 7.86 (d, 2H); ESIMS, m/z for C33H39N5 [M+H]+: 506.

Example 83 2- [4- (3-N,N-dimethylamino-trans- 1 -propen- 1-yl)phenyl]-4,5-bis (4-N,N- dimethylaminophenyl) imidazole:

1H NMR (400 MHz, CD30D) 6 2.28 (s, 6H), 2.89 (s, 12H), 3.13 (d, 2H), 6.28 (m, 1H), 6.56 (d, 1H), 6.67 (d, 4H), 7.29 (d, 4H), 7.43 (d, 2H), 7.86 (d, 2H); ESIMS, m/z for C30H35N5 [M+H]+: 466.

Example 84 2-{4-[3-(2-methoxy-ethoxy)-trans- 1 -propen- 1-yl]phenyl}-4,5-bis (4-N,N- dimethylaminophenyl) imidazole: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD30D) 6 2.90 (s, 12H), 3.34 (s, 3H), 3.55 (m, 2H), 3.62 (m, 2H), 4.16 (d, 2H), 6.36 (m, 1H), 6.64 (d, 1H), 6.70 (d, 4H), 7.30 (d, 4H), 7.46 (d, 2H), 7.87 (d, 2H); ESIMS, m/z for C31H3602N4 [M+H]+: 497.

Example 85 2-[4-(3-butoxy-trans- 1 -propen- 1 -yl)phenyl]-4,5-bis (4-N,N- dimethylaminophenyl) imidazole:

1H NMR (400 MHz, CD30D) 6 0.91 (t, 3H), 1.39 (m, 2H), 1.56 (m, 2H), 2.09 (s, 12H), 3.47 (t, 2H), 4.10 (d, 2H), 6.34 (m,. 1H), 6.61 (d, 2H), 6.69 (d, 4H), 7.29 (d, 4H), 7.44 (d, 2H), 7.86 (d, 2H); ESIMS, m/z for C32H380N4 [M+H]+: 495.

Example 86 2-[4-(3-ethoxy-trans- 1 -propen- 1 -yl)phenyl]-4,5-bis (4-N,N- diethylaminophenyl) imidazole: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD30D) 8 1.10 (t, 12H), 1.20 (t, 3H), 3.30 (br s, 8H), 3.55 (q, 2H), 4.08 (d, 2H), 6.34 (m, 1H), 6.58 (m, 5H), 7.20 (d, 4H), 7.40 (d, 2H), 7.80(d, 2H); ESIMS, m/z for C34H420N4 [M+H]+: 523.

Example 87 2-[4-(3-ethoxy-trans- l-propen- 1-yl)phenyl]-4-(4-N,N-diethylaminophenyl)- 5- (4-N-methylaminophenyl) imidazole:

1H NMR (400 MHz, CD30D) 6 1.10 (t, 6H), 1.19 (t, 3H), 2.74 (s, 3H), 3.33 (q, 4H), 3.52 (q, 2H), 4.10 (d, 2H), 6.34 (m, 1H), 6.59 (m, 5H), 7.25 (m, 4H), 7.44(d, 2H), 7.85 (d, 2H); ESIMS, m/z for C31H360N4 [M+H]+: 481.

Example 88 2- [4- (3-methoxy-trans- 1 -propen- 1 -yl)phenyl]-4, 5-bis (4-pyrrolidinophenyl) imidazole: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD30D) 6 1.97 (m, 8H), 3.28 (m, 8H), 3.36 (s, 3H), 4.12 (d, 2H), 6.35 (m, 1H), 6.50 (d, 4H), 6.62 (d, 1H), 7.27 (d, 4H), 7.46 (d, 2H), 7.87 (d, 2H); ESIMS, m/z for C33H360N4 [M+H]+: 505.

Example 89 2- [4-(3-ethoxy-trans- 1 -propen- 1 -yl)phenyl] -4, 5-bis (4-pyrrolidinophenyl) imidazole:

'H NMR (400 MHz, CD30D) 6 1.19 (t, 3H), 1.97 (m, 8H), 3.28 (m, 8H), 3.53 (q, 2H), 4.12 (d, 2H), 6.35 (m, 1H), 6.50 (d, 4H), 6.62 (d, 1H), 7.27 (d, 4H), 7.46 (d, 2H), 7.87 (d, 2H); ESIMS, m/zfor C34H380N4 [M+H]+: 519.

Example 90 2-[4-(3-ethoxy-trans-1-propen-1-yl)phenyl]-4-(4-N,N- dimethylaminophenyl)-5-(4-pyrrolidinophenyl) imidazole: 'H NMR (400 MHz, CD30D) 6 1.17 (t, 3H), 1.91 (m, 4H), 2.85 (s, 6H), 3.16 (br s, 4H), 3.50 (q, 2H), 4.07 (d, 2H), 6.30 (m, 1H), 6.43 (d, 2H), 6.57 (d, 1H), 6.63 (d, 2H), 7.21 (d, 2H), 7.27 (d, 2H), 7.40 (d, 2H), 7.82 (d, 2H); ESIMS, m/zfor C32H360N4 [M+H]+: 493.

Example 91 2-[4-(3-ethoxy-trans-1-propen-1-yl)phenyl]-4-(4-N-methylamin ophenyl)-5- (4-pyrrolidinophenyl) imidazole:

'H NMR (400 MHz, CD30D) 6 1.17 (t, 3H), 1.91 (m, 4H), 2.85 (s, 3H), 3.16 (br s, 4H), 3.50 (q, 2H), 4.07 (d, 2H), 6.30 (m, 1H), 6.43 (d, 2H), 6.57 (d, 1H), 6.63 (d, 2H), 7.21 (d, 2H), 7.27 (d, 2H), 7.40 (d, 2H), 7.82 (d, 2H); ESIMS, m/zfor C31H340N4 [M+H]+: 479.

Example 92 2-[4- (3-ethoxy-trans- 1 -propen- 1 -yl)phenyl]-4,5-bis (4-N- morpholinophenyl) imidazole: 'H NMR (400 MHz, CD30D) 6 1.18 (t, 3H), 3.10 (br s, 8H), 3.56 (m, 2H), 3.78 (br s, 8H), 4.14 (d, 2H), 6.38 (m, 1H), 6.88 (d, 4H), 7.36 (d, 4H), 7.48 (d, 2H), 7.88 (d, 2H); ESIMS, m/zfor C34H3803N4 [M+H]+: 551.

Example 93 2-[4-(3-ethoxy-trans- l-propen- 1-yl)phenyl]-4-(4-N,N- dimethylaminophenyl)-5-(4-N-morpholinophenyl) imidazole:

'H NMR (400 MHz, CD30D) 8 1.18 (t, 3H), 2.90 (br s, 6H), 3.09 (m, 4H), 3.52 (q, 2H), 3.76 (m, 4H), 4.12 (d, 2H), 6.34 (m, 1H), 6.62 (d, 1H), 6.69 (d, 2H), 6.86 (d, 2H), 7.27 (d, 2H), 7.34 (d, 2H), 7.45 (d, 2H), 7.87 (d, 2H); ESIMS, m/z for C32H3602N4 [M+H]+: 509.

Example 94 2-[4-(3-ethoxy-trans- l-propen- 1-yl)phenyl]-4-(4-N-methylaminophenyl)-5- (4-N-morpholinophenyl) imidazole: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD30D) 6 1.19 (t, 3H), 2.73 (s, 3H), 3.08 (m, 4H), 3.52 (q, 2H), 3.76 (m, 4H), 4.10 (d, 2H), 6.34 (m, 1H), 6.55 (d, 2H), 6.61 (d, 1H), 6.85 (d, 2H), 7.20 (d, 2H), 7.34 (d, 2H), 7.45 (d, 2H), 7.86 (d, 2H); ESIMS, m/z for C31H3402N4 [M+H]+: 495.

Example 95 2- [4-(3-ethoxy-trans- 1 -propen- 1 -yl)phenyl] -4- (4-N-methylaminophenyl) -5- (4-N-isopropylaminophenyl) imidazole:

1H NMR (400 MHz, CD30D) S 1.15 (s, 3H), 1.16 (s, 3H), 1.18 (t, 3H), 2.74 (s, 3H), 3.53 (m, 3H), 4.10 (d, 2H), 6.33 (m, 1H), 6.56 (m, 4H), 6.60 (d, 1H), 7.23 (t, 4H), 7.44 (d, 2H), 7.85 (d, 2H); ESIMS, m/z for C30H340N4 [M+H]+: 467.

Example 96 2- [4-trans-(2-methanesulfonyl-ethenyl) -phenyl] -4, 5-bis (4-N,N- dimethylaminophenyl) imidazole: 'H NMR (400 MHz, CD30D) 6 2.90 (s, 12H), 3.04 (s, 3H), 6.70 (d, 4H), 7.28 (d, 1H), 7..32 (d, 4H), 7.58 (d, 1H), 7.68 (d, 2H), 8.00 (d, 2H); ESIMS, m/z for C28H3002N4S [M+H]+: 487.

Example 97 2-(4-N-morpholinophenyl) -4,5-bis (4-N ,N-dimethylaminophenyl) imidazole:

1H NMR (400 MHz, CD30D) 6 2.85 (br s, 12H), 3.10 (t, 4H), 3.74 (t, 4H), 6.64 (d, 4H), 6.92 (d, 2H), 7.26 (d, 4H), 7.76 (d, 2H); ESIMS, m/z for C29H330N5 [M+H]+: 468.

Example 98 2- [4-(5-ethylcarboxyisoxazol-3-yl)-phenyl] -4,5-bis (4-N,N- dimethylaminophenyl) imidazole: The aldehyde was prepared from terephthaldehyde momo (diethyl acetal) according to a similar literature preparation (Cf Moriya, O. et al. J. Chem. Soc.

Perkin Trans 1, 1994, 413.).

Imidazole 98was prepared according to method C- 1. Compound 96 has: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD30D) 6 1.20 (t, 3H), 2.90 (br s, 12H), 4.40 (q, 2H), 6.90 (br s, 4H), 7.30 (br s, 2H), 7.58 (s, 1H), 7.90 (br s, 4H), 8.30 (br s, 2H); ESIMS, m/z for C31H3103N5 [M+H]+: 522.

Example 99 2-[4-trans-(2-methoxycarbonyl-ethenyl)phenyl] -4-(p-tolyl)-5-(4-N,N-

diethylaminomethylphenyl) imidazole: lH NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) # 1.01 (t, 6H), 2.30 (s, 3H), 2.51 (q, 4H), 3.54 (s, 2H), 3.76 (s, 3H), 6.38 (d, 1H), 7.04-7.54 (m, 10H), 7.62 (d, 1H), 7.92 (d, 2H); ESIMS, m/z for C31H3302N3 [M+H]+: 480.

Example 100 2- [4-trans-(2-methoxycarbonyl-ethenyl)phenyl]-4,5-bis (4-N,N- diethylaminomethylphenyl) imidazole: 'H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) # 1.01 (t, 12H), 2.51 (q, 8H), 3.54 (s, 4H), 3.76 (s, 3H), 6.40 (d, 1H), 7.20-7.54 (m, 10H), 7.64 (d, 1H), 7.92 (d, 2H); ESIMS, m/z for C35H4202N4 [M+H]+: 551.

Example 101 2- [4-trans-(2 -methoxycarbonyl)cyclopropan- 1-yl]-4,5-bis (4-N,N- diethylaminomethylphenyl) imidazole:

1H NMR (400 MHz, CD30D) 8 1.38 (m, 1H), 1.53 (m, 1H), 1.92 (m, 1H), 2.48 (m, 1H), 2.90 (s, 12 H), 3.68 (s, 3H), 6.69 (d, 4H), 7.17 (d, 2H), 7.28 (d, 4H), 7.82 (d, 2H); ESIMS, m/z for C30H3202N4 [M+H]+: 481.

Example 102 2- [4-(3-ethoxy-trans- 1 -propen- 1 -yl)phenyl] -4, 5-bis (4-dimethoxyphenyl) imidazole: 'H NMR (400 MHz, CD30D) a 1.18 (t, 3H), 3.50 (q, 2H), 3.72 (s, 6H), 4.08 (d, 2H), 6.33 (m, 1H), 6.58 (d, 1H), 6.82 (d, 4H), 7.32 (d, 4H), 7.42 (d, 2H), 7.85 (d, 2H); ESIMS, m/z for C28H2803N2 [M+H]+: 441.

Example 103 2-[4- (3-ethoxy-trans- 1 -propen- 1 -yl)phenyl]-4,5-bis (4-diethoxyphenyl) imidazole: 'H NMR (400 MHz, CD3SOCD3) 5 1.18 (t, 3H), 1.32 (t, 6H), 3.52 (q, 2H), 3.96 (q, 4H), 4.10 (d, 2H), 6.33 (m, 1H), 6.61 (d, 1H), 6.81 (d, 4H), 7.31 (d, 4H), 7.45 (d, 2H), 7.86 (d, 2H); ESIMS, m/z for C30H3203N2 [M+H]+: 469.

Example 104 2-[4-(3-ethoxy-trans- 1-propen- 1 -yl)phenyl]-4,5-bis (4- diisopropyloxyphenyl) imidazole: 'H NMR (400 MHz, CD30D) 6 1.18 (t, 3H), 1.25 (d, 12H), 3.51 (q, 2H), 4.10 (d, 2H), 4.53 (m, 2H), 6.32 (m, 1H), 6.60 (d, 1H), 6.80 (d, 4H), 7.31 (d, 4H), 7.43 (d, 2H), 7.86 (d, 2H); ESIMS, m/z for C32H3603N2 [M+H]+: 497.

Example 105 1 - (3-imidazol- 1 -yl-propyl)-2- [4-(3-ethoxy-trans- 1 -propen- 1 -yl)phenyl] -4,5- bis (4-dimethoxyphenyl) imidazole:

'H NMR (400 MHz, CD30D) 6 1.20 (t, 3H), 1.75 (m, 2H), 3.55 (q, 2H), 3.68 (m, 5H), 3.82 (s, 3H), 3.88 (t, 2H), 4.14 (d, 2H), 6.41 (m, 1H), 6.70 (m, 5H), 6.97 (d, 2H), 7.21 (d, 2H), 7.28 (d, 2H), 7.30 (s, 1H), 7.50 (s, 4H); ESIMS, m/zfor C34H3603N4 [M+H]+: 549.

Example 106 1 -(3-imidazol- 1 -yl-propyl)-2- [4- (3-ethoxy-trans- 1 -propen- 1 -yl)phenyl]-4,5- bis (4-diethoxyphenyl) imidazole: 'H NMR (400 MHz, CD30D) 5 1.20 (t, 3H), 1.29 (t, 3H), 1.39 (t, 3H), 1.74 (m, 2H), 3.55 (q, 2H), 3.66 (t, 2H), 3.86 (t, 2H), 3.91 (q, 2H), 4.04 (q, 2H), 4.14 (d, 2H), 6.41 (m, 1H), 6.67 (m, 5H), 6.94 (d, 2H), 7.18 (d, 2H), 7.27 (d, 2H), 7.31 (s, 1H), 7.50 (s, 4H); ESIMS, m/z for C36H4003N4 [M+H]+: 577.

Example 107 1 -(3-imidazol- 1 -yl-propyl) -2- [4- (3-ethoxy-trans- 1 -propen- 1 -yl)phenyl]-4 '5- bis (4-diisopropyloxyphenyl) imidazole:

'H NMR (400 MHz, CD30D) 6 1.20 (t, 3H), 1.20 (d, 6H), 1.30 (d, 6H), 1.74 (m, 2H), 3.54 (q, 2H), 3.65 (t, 2H), 3.85 (t, 2H), 4.14 (d, 2H), 4.47 (m, 1H), 4.60 (m, 1H), 6.40 (m, 1H), 6.67 (m, 5H), 6.93 (d, 2H), 7.17 (d, 2H), 7.28 (d, 2H), 7.34 (s, 1H), 7.50 (s, 4H); ESIMS, m/z for C38H4403N4 [M+H]+: 605.

Method C-2 Imidazoles of this type were synthesized in the following way: The appropriate substituted phenylglyoxal and aldehyde (equal molar amount to the phenylglyoxal)) were stirred in methanolic ammonia at room temperature (TLC mornitored). At completion, the reaction mixture diluted with ethyl acetate and washed with water (X2). The organic layer was then washed with hydrochloric acid (2N) until no more desired compound in the organic layer. The aqueous layer was then neutralized with aqueous NaOH (2 N), and extracted with CH2CL2 (X2). The organic layer was dried (Na2SO4) and evaporated. Further chromatographic purification then gave the desired compound. The following compounds were synthesized in this way: Example 108 2-[4-(3-ethoxy-trans- l-propen-l -yl)phenyl]-4-(4-N,N-diethylphenyl) imidazole:

1H NMR (400 MHz, CD30D) 6 1.10 (t, 6H), 1.17 (t, 3H), 3.30 (q, 4H), 3.49 (q, 2H), 4.08 (d, 2H), 6.31 (m, 1H), 6.58 (d, 1H), 6.68 (d, 2H), 7.18 (s, 1H), 7.42 (d, 2H), 7.50 (d, 2H), 7.82 (d, 2H); ESIMS, m/z for C24H290N3 [M+H]+: 376.

Example 109 2-[4-(3-ethoxy-trans- 1 -propen- 1 -yl)phenyl]-4- (4-methoxyphenyl) imidazole: 'H NMR (400 MHz, CD30D) 6 1.18 (t, 3H), 3.51 (q, 2H), 3.78 (s, 3H), 4.08 (d, 2H), 6.32 (m, 1H), 6.59 (d, 1H), 6.90 (d, 2H), 7.29 (s, 1H), 7.44 (d, 2H), 7.62 (d, 2H), 7.82 (d, 2H); ESIMS, m/z for C21H2202N2 [M+H]+: 335.

Method C-3 Example 111 2- [4-trans- (2-N,N-dimethylcarbonyl)-ethenyl]phenyl}-4, 5-bis (4-N,N- dimethylaminophenyl) imidazole: To a solution of compound 110(100 mg, 0.22 mmol) in dichloromethane (5.0 mL) was added dimethylamine hydrochloride (54 mg, 0.66 mmol), EDCI (51 mg, 0.26 mmol), and DMAP (40 mg, 0.33 mmol). After stirring overnight at room temperature (23"C), the solution was diluted with ethyl acetate and washed with water. The organic layer was dried (Na2SO4), and evaporated. The residue was purified via preparative TLC the give the desired compound as a yellow solid.

Compound 111 has'H NMR (400 MHz, CD30D) 6 2.92 (s, 12H), 3.03 (s, 3H), 3.22 (s, 3H), 6.72 (d, 4H), 7.16 (d, 1H), 7.32 (d, 4H), 7.55 (d, 1H), 7.75 (d, 2H), 7.96 (d, 2H); ESIMS, m/zfor C30H330N5 [M+H]+: 480.

Method C-4 Example 113 2-[4-(3-hydroxy-trans-1-propen-1-yl)phenyl]-4,5-bis (4-N,N- dimethylaminophenyl) imidazole: DIBAL-H (1.0 M in DCM, 1.76 ml, 1.76 mmol) was added dropwise to a solution of compound 112 DCM (207 mg, 0.44 mmol) at -78°C. After 1 hat - 78"C, aqueous sodium hydroxide (1.0 M, 20 mL) was added and the mixture was warmed to 23"C. Layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted

with DCM (X2). The combined organic layers were dried (Na2SO4) and evaporated. Purification on preparative TLC gave the desired compound 113 159 mg, as a yellow solid. Compound 113has: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD30D) 6 2.90 (s, 12H), 4.20 (d, 2H), 6.38 (m, 1H), 6.59 (d, 1H), 6.67 (d, 4H), 7.28 (d, 4H), 7.43 (d, 2H), 7.85 (d, 2H); ESIMS, m/z for C28H300N4 [M+H]+: 439.

Method C-S Example 114 1 -methyl-2- [4- (3-hydroxy-trans- 1 -propen- 1 -yl)phenyl]-4, 5-bis (4-N,N- dimethylaminophenyl) imidazole: A suspention of compound 113(11 mg, 0.026 mmol), methyliodide (31 mL, 0.031 mmol), silver oxide (excess) in DMF was stirred at 23"C overnight.

The mixture was then diluted with DCM and washed with water.). The organic layer was dried (Na2S04) and evaporated. Purification on preparative TLC gave the desired compound, 4.0 mg, as a yellow solid. Compound 114has: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD30D) 6 2.84 (s, 6H), 2.96 (s, 6H), 3.45 (s, 3H), 4.23 (d, 2H), 6.45 (m, 1H), 6.63 (d, 2H), 6.66 (d, 1H), 6.80 (d, 2H), 7.15 (d, 2H), 7.27 (d, 2H), 7.53 (d, 2H), 7.63 (d, 2H); ESIMS, m/z for C29H320N4 [M+H]+: 453.

Method C-6 Example 115 2-[4-(3-pivalate-trans- 1 -propen- 1 -yl)phenyl]-4,5-bis (4-N,N- dimethylaminophenyl) imidazole: Compound 114was prepared via acylation of allylic alcohol 113 A mixture of pivaloyl chloride (0.1 M) and triethylamine (0.15 M) (0.55 mL) was added to a solution of allylic alcohol 113 (20 mg, 0.045 mmol) in DCM. at -20°C.

The resulting mixture was stirred for 30 min, diluted with DCM, washed with water. The organic layer was dried (Na2SO4) and evaporated. Purification on preparative TLC gave the desired compound 115 5 mg, as a yellow solid.

Compound 115 has: 'H NMR (400 MHz, CD30D) 6 1.10 (s, 9H), 2.90 (s, 12H), 4.70 (d, 2H), 6.34 (m, 1H), 6.65 (d, 1H), 6.67 (d, 4H), 7.30 (d, 4H), 7.48 (d, 2H), 7.85 (d, 2H); ESIMS, m/z for C33H3802N4 [M+H]+: 523.

Method C-7 Example 116 2- [4-(3-methylcarbonyl-trans- 1 -propen- 1 -yl)phenyl] -4,5-bis (4-N,N- dimethylaminophenyl) imidazole: Methylmagnesium bromide (1.0 M, in dibutylether, 0.63 mL, 0.65 mmol) was added to solution of compound 112 in THF (5.0 mL) at -78 "C. After stirring overnight under argon, during which time the mixture was warmed to 23"C, it

was diluted with water and extracted with DCM.. The combined organic layers were dried (Na2S04) and evaporated. Purification on preparative TLC gave the desired compound as a yellow solid. Compound 116 has: 'H NMR (400 MHz, CD30D) 6 2.36 (s, 3H), 2.92 (s, 12H), 6.71 (d, 4H), 6.80 (d, 1H), 7.31 (d, 4H), 7.64 (d, 1H), 7.70 (d, 2H), 7.98 (d, 2H); ESIMS, m/zfor C29H300N4 [M+H]+: 451.

Method C-S Example 118 2- [4- (3-methylcarbonyl-trans- 1 -propen- 1 -yl)phenyl] -5-methoxy benzimidazole: ,ONH + 0'P HOAc, heat air NNtH 0 N 117 41 118 compound 118 was prepared according to a known procedure (Lee, M. et al Med. Chem.Res. 1993, 2, 79-86). Compound 118 has: 'H NMR (400 MHz, CD30D) 6 1.20 (t, 3H), 3.54 (q, 2H), 3.81 (s, 3H), 4.13 (d, 2H), 6.41 (m, 1H), 6.66 (d, 1H), 6.86 (m, 1H), 7.04 (d, 1H), 7.44 (d, 1H), 7.53 (d, 2H), 7.96 (d, 2H); ESIMS, m/z for ClsH2002N2 [M+H]+: 309.

Example 119 2- [4-(3-ethoxy-trans- 1 -propen- 1 -yl)phenyl]-4, 5-bis-(4-N- isopropylaminophenyl) imidazole, Compound 119 was prepared according to method C-i by using the appropiate starting materials.

'H NMR (400 MHz, CD30D) 6 1.15 (d, 6H), 1.16 (d, 6H), 1.18 (t, 3H), 3.53 (m, 4H), 4.10 (br s, 2H), 6.33 (br s, 1H), 6.56 (m, 5H), 7.23 (d, 4H), 7.44 (d, 2H), 7.85 (d, 2H); ESIMS, m/z for C32H380N4 [M+H]+: 495.

Example 120 2- [4- (3-ethoxy-trans- 1 -propen- 1 -yl)phenyl]-4- (4-N-ethylaminophenyl)-5- (4-N-isopropylaminophenyl) imidazole, Compound 120 was prepared according to method C-i by using the appropiate starting materials.

120 'H NMR (400 MHz, CD30D) 6 1.16 (m, 12H), 3.07 (q, 2H), 3.53 (m, 3H), 4.10 (d, 2H), 6.33 (m, 1H), 6.56 (m, 5H), 7.23 (d, 4H), 7.44 (d, 2H), 7.85 (d, 2H); ESIMS, m/z for C31H360N4 [M+H]+: 481.

Example 121 2- [4- (3-ethoxy-trans- 1 -propen- 1 -yl)phenyl]-4- (4-fluorophenyl) -5-(4-N- isopropylaminophenyl) imidazole, Compound 121 was prepared according to method C-i by using the appropiate starting materials.

1H NMR (400 MHz, CD30D) 6 1.16 (m, 9H)), 3.52 (m, 3H), 4.09 (d, 2H), 6.32 (m, 1H), 6.56 (d, 2H), 6.58 (d, 1H), 6.98 (dd, 2H), 7.14 (d, 2H), 7.45 (m, 4H), 7.85 (d, 2H); ESIMS, m/z for C29H30FON3 [M+H]+: 456.

Example 122 2-[4-(3-ethoxy-trans- 1 -propen- 1 -yl)phenyl] -4- (4-N,N-dipropylphenyl) imidazole, Compound 122 was prepared according to method C-2 by using the appropiate starting materials.

1H NMR (400 MHz, CD30D) 6 0.91 (t, 6H), 1.19 (t, 3H), 1.58 (m, 4H), 3.26 (m, 4H), 3.53 (m, 2H), 4.11 (d, 2H), 6.35 (m, 1H), 6.63 (d, 1H), 6.66 (d, 1H), 7.19 (s, 1H), 7.48 (m, 4H), 7.83 (d, 2H); ESIMS, m/z for C26H330N3 [M+H]+: 404.

Example 123 2-[4- (3-ethoxy-trans- 1 -propen- 1 -yl)phenyl] -4-(4-N-isopropylphenyl) imidazole, Compound 123 was prepared according to method C-2 by using the appropiate starting materials.

1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3CD) # 1.16 (d, 6H), 1.19 (t, 3H), 3.53 (q, 2H), 3.60 (m, 1H), 4.11 (d, 2H), 6.35 (m, 1H), 6.62 (d, 1H), 6.64 (d, 2H), 7.19 (s, 1H), 7.46 (m, 4H), 7.83 (d, 2H); ESIMS, m/z for C23H270N3 [M+H]+: 362.

Example 124 2- [4-(3-ethoxy-trans- 1 -propen- 1 -yl)phenyl]-4-(4-N-isobutylphenyl) imidazole,

Compound 124 was prepared according to method C-2 by using the appropiate starting materials.

1H NMR (400 MHz, CD30D) # 0.94 (d, 6H), 1.19 (t, 3H), 1.87 (m, 1H), 2.90 (d, 2H), 3.53 (q, 2H), 4.12 (d, 2H), 6.35 (m, 1H), 6.62 (m, 3H), 7.18 (s, 1H), 7.46 (m, 4H), 7.83 (d, 2H); ESIMS, m/z for C24H290N3 [M+H]+: 376.

Example 125 2-[4-(3-ethoxy-trans-1-propen-1-yl)phenyl]-4-(4-N-morpholino phenyl) imidazole, Compound 125 was prepared according to method C-2 by using the appropiate starting materials.

1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) # 1.19 (t, 3H), 3.13 (t, 4H), 3.53 (q, 2H), 3.80<BR> <BR> (t, 4H), 4.12 (d, 2H), 6.35 (m, lH), 6.63 (d, 1H), 6.97 (d, 2H), 7.29 (s, lH), 7.47 (d,

2H), 7.61 (d, 2H), 7.84 (d, 2H); ESIMS, m/z for C24H2702N3 [M+H]+: 390.

Example 126 2-[4-(3-ethoxy-trans- 1 -propen- 1 -yl)phenyl] -4- [4-N- (N'-ethyl)- piperizanophenyl) imidazole, Compound 126 was prepared according to method C-2 by using the appropiate starting material 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD30D) 6 1.16 (m, 6H), 2.61 (q, 2H), 2.78 (t, 4H), 3.26 (t, 4H), 3.54 (q, 2H), 4.12 (d, 2H), 6.36 (m, 1H), 6.64 (d, 1H), 7.00 (d, 2H), 7.30 (s, 1H), 7.48 (d, 2H), 7.62 (d, 2H), 7.84 (d, 2H); ESIMS, m/z for C26H320N4 [M+H]+: 417.

Example 127 2-[4-(3-ethoxy-trans- l-propen- 1-yl)phenyl]-4-(4-N-morpholinophenyl)-5- methyl-imidazole.

Compound 127 was prepared according to method C-i by using the appropiate starting material

'H NMR (400 MHz, CD30D) 6 1.19 (t, 3H), 2.34 (s, 3H), 3.11 (t, 4H), 3.52 (q, 2H), 3.79 (t, 4H), 4.10 (d, 2H), 6.34 (m, 1H), 6.60 (d, 1H), 6.98 (d, 2H), 7.44 (m, 4H), 7.80 (d, 2H); ESIMS, m/z for C25H2902N3 [M+H]+: 404.

The compounds described herein are capable of sensitizing multi-drug resistant tumor cells to antitumor chemotherapeutic agents, such as doxorubicin and vinblastine. They also have the ability to potentiate the sensitivity of tumor cells susceptible to these chemotherapeutic agents. This invention also relates to a method of sensitizing multidrug-resistant tumor cells to antitumor chemotherapeutic agents. It also relates to a method of increasing the sensitivity of drug-susceptible tumor cells to antitumor chemotherapeutic agents. In addition, this invention relates to a method of preventing the emergence of MDR tumor cells during a course of treatment with antitumor chemotherapeutic agents. Finally, this invention relates to a method of reducing the effective dosage of an antitumor chemotherapeutic agent during a course of treatment. It has been found that compounds of Formula 1 have the ability to increase the sensitivity of MDR mammalian cells in culture.

Cytotoxic drugs are commonly used as antitumor chemotherapeutic agents. These agents are also called antiproliferative agents. The desired effect of cytotoxic drugs is selective cell death with destruction of the malignant neoplastic cells and relative sparing of normal cells.

Cytotoxic drugs have also proved valuable in the treatment of other neoplastic disorders including connective or autoimmune diseases, metabolic disorders, dermatological diseases, and DNA virus infections.

Proper use of cytotoxic drugs requires a thorough familiarity with the natural history and pathophysiology of the disease before selecting the cytotoxic agent, determining a dose, and undertaking therapy. Each patient must be carefully evaluated, with attention directed toward factors which may potentiate toxicity, such as overt or occult infections, bleeding dyscrasias, poor nutritional status, and severe metabolic disturbances. In addition, the functional condition of certain major organs, such as liver, kidneys, and bone marrow, is extremely important. Therefore, the selection of the appropriate cytotoxic agent and devising an effective therapeutic regimen is influenced by the presentation of the patient.

Cytotoxic drugs as antitumor chemotherapeutic agents can be subdivided into several broad categories, including, (1) alkylating agents, such as mechlorethamine, cyclophosphamide, melphalan, uracil mustard, chlorambucil, busulfan, carmustine, lomustine, semustine, streptozoticin, and decrabazine; (2) antimetabolites, such as methotrexate, fluorouracil, fluorodeoxyuridine, cytarabine, azarabine, idoxuridine, mercaptopurine, azathioprine, thioguanine, and adenine arabinoside; (3) natural product derivatives, such as vinblastine, vincristine, dactinomycin, daunorubicin, doxorubicin, mithramycin, bleomycin, etoposide, teniposide, and mitomycin-C; and (4) miscellaneous agents, such as hydroxyurea, procarbezine, mititane, and cis-platinum.

Important antitumor chemotherapeutic agents (with the usual effective dosage) to which clinical multidrug-resistance has been observed include vinblastine (0.1 mg per kilogram per week), vincristine (0.01 mg per kilogram per week), etoposide (35 to 50 mg per square meter per day), dactinomycin (0.15 mg per kilogram per day), doxorubicin (500 to 600 mg per square meter per week), daunorubicin (65 to 75 mg per square meter per week), and mithramycin (0.025 mg per kilogram per day). MDR has been shown to occur in vitro as well as in the clinic.

Multidrug-resistant cell lines are easily obtainable for in vitro determination of drug sensitization by compounds of the present invention. In vitro potentiation of antineoplastic cytotoxicity by the imidazole derivatives of the present invention was measured in both CEM/VLB1000 and SK/VLB1000 cell lines. The multidrug resistant cell lines were obtained from Dr. Victor Ling, Ontario Cancer Institute, Toronto, Canada. The CEM/VLB 1000 cell line was maintained as a suspension in minimum essential medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum in a humidied atmosphere of 95% air and 5% CO2 while the SK/VLB 1000 cell line was maintained as adherent cells using the identical medium conditions as the CEM cells. The CEM/VLB 1000 cells were seeded at a

density of 5 x 104 cells/well in a 96 well microtiter plate while the SK/VLB 1000 cell line was seeded at a density of 2,500 cells/well after trypsinization.

Vinblastine (5 llg/mL, for the CEM cells) or Taxol (3 llg/mL, for the SK cells) and compound (0.01 to 50 1M) were added directly to the wells. After an incubation of 48 hours in presence of drug, alamar blue (B. Page et al., Int. J. Oncol. 3: 473- 476, 1993) was added (10 pL to the 200 pL cell suspension) for a period of 24 hours after which the fluorescence (excitation = 530 nM, emission = 590 nM) was read for each well using a "CytoFluor" microtiter fluorometer plate reader. This assay measures the effective concentration of compound necessary to enhance the cytotoxicity (EC50) of vinblastine in the MDR cell line. The compounds of the present invention had EC50 values in the range of 0.06 to 10 FM.

3H-vinblastine accumulation was also measured in the CEM/VLB1000 cell line. Corning Easy-Wash 96 well plates were pretreated with PBS and 1% BSA for 60 minutes and then removed. CEM/VLB1000 cells were seeded at 2 x 10, 40 I1L volume. Plates were incubated at 37"C for 30-60 minutes prior to use. The reference reversing agent, verapamil, or the compound of the present invention was added to the well followed by addition of media containing 3H- vinblastine (final concentration = 275 nM). Plates were allowed to incubate for 3 hours at 37"C. Cells were harvested onto pretreated Wallace filtermats A (pretreated with 0.1% polyethyleneimine) using a TomTek harvester-96. After filtering, the filtermats were allowed to dry completely. Meltix B scintillant was then added to the filtermats. The filters were then placed in a 90"C oven for approximately 3-5 minutes and then removed. Scintillant was allowed to solidify on the filtermats. Filtermats were then placed in sample bags and read on a Wallace BetaPlate scintillation counter. The effects of compounds of the present invention in the cytotoxicity potentiation as says and vinblastine (VLB) accumulation assay are given in the Table below: Examples Cytotoxicity [3H]VLB Potentiation (pM)l Accumulation (pom)2 CEM/VLB 1000 CEM/VLB 56 0.55 NT3 57 0.21 NT 58 0.47 NT 59 0.55 NT 60 0.45 NT 61 0.16 NT Examples Cytotoxicity [3H]VLB Potentiation (IlM) 1 Accumulation (µM)2 CEM/VLB1000 CEM/VLB1000 62 1.03 NT 63 0.32 NT 64 0.55 NT 65 0.25 NT 66 0.85 NT 67 0.098 NT 68 0.39 NT 69 0.33 NT 70 0.50 NT 71 0.37 NT 72 0.32 NT 73 0.34 NT 74 0.13 2.0 75 0.098 1.2 76 0.11 NT 77 0.34 1.2 78 0.45 NT 79 1.21 NT 80 0.88 NT 81 0.32 NT 82 0.96 NT 83 1.30 NT 84 0.09 NT 85 0.11 NT 86 0.26 NT 87 0.06 NT 88 0.26 NT 89 0.24 NT 90 0.12 NT 91 0.11 NT 92 0.22 NT 93 0.15 NT 94 0.25 NT Examples Cytotoxicity [3H]VLB Potentiation (µM)1 Accumulation (µM)2 CEM/VLB1000 CEM/VLB1000 95 0.05 NT 96 0.73 NT 97 0.19 NT 98 0.60 NT 99 0.29 NT 100 3.4 NT 101 0.2 NT 102 0.35 NT 103 0.24 NT 104 0.25 NT 105 0.65 NT 106 0.38 NT 107 0.49 NT 108 0.30 NT 109 1.85 NT 111 0.62 1.7 113 0.41 3.9 114 0.63 NT 115 0.48 NT 116 0.23 NT 118 1.00 NT 119 .067 NT 120 .053 NT 121 .12 NT 122 .28 NT 123 .34 NT 124 .25 NT 125 .37 ~~~~ NT 126 .71 NT 127 .33 NT values presented are the midpoint (EC50) of the minimum and maximum cytotoxicity induced by 3-5 llg/mL vinblastine and the specific compound of the present invention.

2Values presented are the midpoint (ECso) of the minimum and maximum increase in accumulation of 3H-vinblastine caused by the specific compound of the present invention.

3NT = Not tested.

The modulation of multidrug-resistance demonstrated by the imidazole derivatives described herein provides a method of treatment of multidrug- resistant tumors. The multidrug-resistance modulatory properties of the compounds described herein also provides a method for the prevention of the emergence of multi-drug resistant tumors during the course of cancer treatment.

These same compounds additionally provide a method for reducing the required dosage of an antitumor chemotherapeutic agent.

All of the methods of this invention involve (1) the administration of a compound of Formula 1 prior to, together with, or subsequent to the administration of an antitumor chemotherapeutic agent; and (2) the administration of a combination of a compound of Formula 1 and an antitumor chemotherapeutic agent.

Thus, the compounds of Formula 1 are useful in the treatment of multidrug-resistant tumor cells or tumor cells in general, either separately or in combination with an antitumor chemotherapeutic agent. These compounds may be administered orally, topically or parenterally in dosage unit formulations containing conventional non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, adjuvants, and vehicles. The term parenteral as used herein includes subcutaneous injections, intravenous, intramuscular, intrasternal injection or infusion techniques.

The present invention also has the objective of providing suitable topical, oral, and parenteral pharmaceutical formulations for use in the novel methods of treatment of the present invention. The compounds of the present invention may be administered orally as tablets, aqueous or oily suspensions, lozenges, troches, powders, granules, emulsions, capsules, syrups or elixirs. The composition for oral use may contain one or more agents selected from the group of sweetening agents, flavouring agents, colouring agents and preserving agents in order to produce pharmaceutically elegant and palatable preparations. The tablets contain the acting ingredient in admixture with non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable excipients which are suitable for the manufacture of tablets. These excipients may be, for example, (1) inert diluents , such as calcium carbonate, lactose, calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate; (2) granulating and disintegrating agents, such as corn starch or alginic acid; (3) binding agents,

such as starch, gelatin or acacia; and (4) lubricating agents, such as magnesium stearate, stearic acid or talc. These tablets may be uncoated or coated by known techniques to delay disintegration and absorption in the gastrointestinal tract and thereby provide a sustained action over a longer period. For example, a time delay material such as glyceryl monostearate or glyceryl distearate may be employed. Coating may also be performed using techniques described in the U.S. Patent Nos. 4,256,108; 4,160,452; and 4,265,874 to form osmotic therapeutic tablets for control release.

Formulations for oral use may be in the form of hard gelatin capsules wherein the active ingredient is mixed with an inert solid diluent, for example, calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate or kaolin. They may also be in the form of soft gelatin capsules wherein the active ingredient is mixed with water or an oil medium, such as peanut oil, liquid paraffin or olive oil.

Aqueous suspensions normally contain the active materials in admixture with excipients suitable for the manufacture of aqueous suspension. Such expicients may be (1) suspending agent such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, sodium alginate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, gum tragacanth and gum acacia; (2) dispersing or wetting agents which may be (a) naturally occurring phosphatide such as lecithin; (b) a condensation product of an alkylene oxide with a fatty acid, for example, polyoxyethylene stearate; (c) a condensation product of ethylene oxide with a long chain aliphatic alcohol, for example, heptadecaethylenoxycetanol; (d) a condensation product of ethylene oxide with a partial ester derived from a fatty acid and hexitol such as polyoxyethylene sorbitol monooleate, or (e) a condensation product of ethylene oxide with a partial ester derived from fatty acids and hexitol anhydrides, for example polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate.

The pharmaceutical compositions may be in the form of a sterile injectable aqueous or oleagenous suspension. This suspension may be formulated according to known methods using those suitable dispersing or wetting agents and suspending agents which have been mentioned above. The sterile injectable preparation may also a sterile injectable solution or suspension in a non-toxic parenterally-acceptable diluent or solvent, for example, as a solution in 1 ,3-butanediol. Among the acceptable vehicles and solvents that may be employed are water, Ringer's solution, and isotonic sodium chloride solution.

In addition, sterile, fixed oils are conventionally employed as a solvent or suspending medium. For this purpose, any bland fixed oil may be employed including synthetic mono- or diglycerides. In adition, fatty acids such as oleic acid find use in the preparation of injectables.

A compound of Formula 1 may also be administered in the form of suppositories for rectal administration of the drug. These compositions can be prepared by mixing the drug with a suitable non-irritating excipient which is solid at ordinary temperature but liquid at the rectal temperature and will therefore melt in the rectum to release the drug. Such materials are cocoa butter and polyethylene glycols.

The compounds of the present invention may also be administered in the form of liposome delivery systems, such as small unilamellar vesicles, large unilamellar vesicles, and multilamellar vesicles. Liposomes can be formed from a variety of phospholipids, such as cholesterol, stearylamine, or phosphatidylcholines.

For topical use, creams, ointments, jellies, solutions or suspensions, etc., containing the compounds of Formula 1 are employed.

Dosage levels of the compounds of the present invention are of the order of about 0.5 mg to about 100 mg per kilogram body weight, with a preferred dosage range between about 20 mg to about 50 mg per kilogram body weight per day (from about 25 mg to about 5 gms per patient per day). The amount of active ingredient that may be combined with the carrier materials to produce a single dosage will vary depending upon the host treated and the particular mode of administration. For example, a formulation intended for oral administration to humans may contain 5 mg to 1 g of an active compound with an appropriate and convenient amount of carrier material which may vary from about 5 to about 95 percent of the total composition. Dosage unit forms will generally contain between from about 5 mg to about 500 mg of active ingredient.

It will be understood, however, that the specific dose level for any particular patient will depend upon a variety of factors including the activity of the specific compound employed, the age, body weight, general health, sex, diet, time of administration, route of administration, rate of excretion, drug combination and the severity of the particular disease undergoing therapy.

In addition, some of the compounds of the instant invention may form solvates with water or common organic solvents. Such solvates are encompassed within the scope of the invention.

The following Examples are intended to illustrate the preparation of compounds of Formula 1, and as such are not intended to limit the invention as set forth in the claims appended thereto. Furthermore, the compounds described in the following examples are not to be construed as forming the only

genus that is considered as the invention, and any combination of the compounds or their moieties may itself form a genus. The structure and purity of all final products were assured by at least one of the following methods: thin- layer chromatography (TLC), mass spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, or combustion analysis. NMR data is in the form of delta (6) values for major diagnostic protons, given in parts per million (ppm) relative to tetramethylsilane (TMS) as internal standard, determined at 400 MHz in deuteriochloroform (CDC13); conventional abbreviations used for signal shape are: s, singlet; d, doublet; t, triplet; m, multiplet; br., broad; etc. The following abbreviations have also been used: v (volume), w (weight), L (liter), mL (milliliter), g (gram), mg (milligram), mol (moles), mmol (millimoles), equiv (equivalents).