The present invention relates to a novel electrode material which features improved capacity compared to conventional electrode materials.

The present invention also relates to a process for producing an electrode and to the electrode obtained by the process.

Background of the invention

Organic batteries are electrochemical cells which use an organic charge storage material as active electrode material for storing electrical charge. These batteries have a number of advantages and a fundamentally different mechanism of action from metal-based charge storage materials. The literature describes a multitude of organic storage materials. An overview is given by the article S. Muench, A. Wild, C. Friebe, B. Haupler, T. Janoschka, U.S. Schubert, Chem. Rev. 2016, 116, 9438-9484 (“Muench et al." hereinafter).

In the production of electrodes from these organic storage materials, the electrode material is typically mixed with a conductivity additive, for example a carbon material, and optionally a binder additive, and applied to a substrate.

The electrodes thus obtained are subsequently incorporated into a battery together with a counterelectrode. The construction of such a battery is known to the person skilled in the art (Muench et al.). In these batteries, it is possible to use a multitude of electrolytes, including metal salts (e.g. lithium salts) or ionic liquids.

Even though the electrodes thus obtained have good capacities, there is still a need in this technical field to improve the capacities of electrodes based on organic charge storage material.

The problem addressed by the present invention was accordingly that of providing electrode materials that are made from organic storage materials and have elevated capacity compared to comparable electrodes. It has now been found that, surprisingly, a distinct increase in capacity was achievable in electrodes that have been produced from particular organic polymeric charge storage materials.

Specifically, it was found that capacity was improved in organic redox polymers non-conjugated in the main chain when an ionic liquid is added as a further constituent as well as the conductivity additive in the production of the electrode. Application US 2017/0222232 A1 and patents US 9,397,341 B2, US 9,520,598 B2 and US

9,276,292 B1 describe electrodes in Zn/MnCh batteries, i.e. metal-based and hence non-organic charge storage means, in which ionic liquids are present.

This observation was completely surprising particularly because a corresponding addition of ionic liquids to organic charge storage material in which the corresponding polymer is conjugated in the main chain, for example to the polymers described in Example 1 or 2 of WO 2017/220965 A1 , does not have any comparable effect.

Detailed description of the invention

I. First aspect of the invention: Electrode material

The invention relates, in a first aspect, to an electrode material comprising at least one conductivity additive, at least one ionic liquid and at least one organic redox polymer P which is non-conjugated in the main chain.

The electrode material according to the invention is especially an electrode slurry or a surface coating of electrode elements for electrical charge storage means.

1.1 Redox polymer P

The organic redox polymer P non-conjugated in the main chain which is encompassed by the electrode material in the first aspect of the present invention, for the purposes of the invention, is composed of two structural features:

(1 ) a polymer backbone (the“main chain”) in which there is no conjugation,

(2) redox-active organic radicals bonded regularly or irregularly to the polymer backbone, within which there is conjugation or no conjugation.

1.1.a) For the purposes of the invention, the organic redox polymer P non-conjugated in the main chain which is encompassed by the electrode material in the first aspect of the invention especially comprises n ¹ mutually joined repeat units of the chemical structure (I) and/or n ² mutually joined repeat units of the chemical structure (II) and/or n ³ mutually joined repeat units of the chemical structure (III), preferably n ¹ mutually joined repeat units of the chemical structure (I) and/or n ³ mutually joined repeat units of the chemical structure (III), more preferably n ¹ mutually joined repeat units of the chemical structure (I)

(I) (II) (III)

where n ¹ , n ² and n ³ are each independently an integer > 4, preferably an integer in the range of 4 to 10 ^® , more preferably an integer in the range of 10 to 10 ⁵ , even more preferably an integer in the range of 100 to 10 ⁴ , where m ¹ , m ² , m ³ , m ⁴ and m ⁵ are each independently an integer > 0, preferably an integer in the range of 0 to 10 ^® , more preferably an integer in the range of 0 to 10 ⁵ , more preferably an integer in the range of 0 to 10 ⁴ , more preferably an integer in the range from 0 to 10, and most preferably are each 0, where the repeat units of the chemical structure (I) within the polymer P are the same or at least partly different from one another,

where the repeat units of the chemical structure (II) within the polymer P are the same or at least partly different from one another,

where the repeat units of the chemical structure (III) within the polymer P are the same or at least partly different from one another, where the repeat units of the chemical structure (I) within the polymer are bonded to one another in such a way that the bond indicated by "**" in a particular repeat unit is joined by the bond indicated by "*" in the adjacent repeat unit, where the repeat units of the chemical structure (II) within the polymer are joined to one another in such a way that the bond indicated by "##" in a particular repeat unit is joined by the bond indicated by "#" in the adjacent repeat unit and the bond indicated by "&&" in a particular repeat unit is joined by the bond indicated by in the adjacent repeat unit, where the repeat units of the chemical structure (III) within the polymer are joined to one another in such a way that the bond indicated by "§§" in a particular repeat unit is joined by the bond indicated by "§" in the adjacent repeat unit and the bond indicated by "$$" in a particular repeat unit is joined by the bond indicated by "$" in the adjacent repeat unit, where X ¹ , X ² , X ³ , X ⁴ , X ⁵ are each independently a non-conjugated organic group formed by polymerization reaction from a group consisting of an organic double bond, an organic triple bond, an oxirane or an aziridine, or a non-conjugated organic group which is formed by a polymer- analogous reaction, where Y ¹ , Y ² , Y ³ , Y ⁴ , Y ⁵ are each independently a non-conjugated organic spacer unit, where L ¹ , L ² , L ³ , L ⁴ , L ⁵ , L ⁶ , L ⁷ are each independently selected from the group consisting of direct bond, organic linker unit, and where L ¹ ', L ² ', L ³ ' are each independently selected from the group consisting of direct bond, organic linker unit, and L ¹ ', L ² ', L ³ ' are preferably direct bonds, and where R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' are each independently an organic redox-active group preferably selected from the group consisting of redox-active aromatic imide function (A), redox- active organic function comprising at least one stable oxygen radical (B), redox-active

anthraquinone/ carbazole function (C), redox-active dialkoxybenzene function (D), redox-active benzoquinone function (E), redox-active triphenylamine function (G), redox-active viologen function (H), redox-active ferrocene function (J) and R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' may also each be a hydrogen radical, and where, more preferably, R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ are each independently an organic redox-active group preferably selected from the group consisting of redox-active aromatic imide function (A), redox- active organic function comprising at least one stable oxygen radical (B), redox-active

anthraquinone/ carbazole function (C), redox-active dialkoxybenzene function (D), redox-active benzoquinone function (E), redox-active triphenylamine function (G), redox-active viologen function (H), redox-active ferrocene function (J) and R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' are each a hydrogen radical, and where, even more preferably, R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ are each independently an organic redox-active group selected from the group consisting of redox-active organic function comprising at least one stable oxygen radical (B), redox-active anthraquinone/ carbazole function (C), and R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' are each a hydrogen radical.

The repeat units of the chemical structure (I) within the polymer P according to point 1.1.a) are the same or at least partly different from one another. The repeat units of the chemical structure (II) within the polymer P according to point 1.1 .a) are the same or at least partly different from one another. The repeat units of the chemical structure (III) within the polymer P according to point 1.1 .a) are the same or at least partly different from one another. "At least partly different from one another" means that at least two repeat units differ from one another. This means more particularly, in the case of the chemical structure (I), that at least two of the n ¹ mutually joined repeat units encompassed by the polymer P differ in at least one of the R ¹ , R ¹ ', L ¹ , L ¹ ', X ¹ , Y ¹ radicals and/or in the value of m ¹ .

This means more particularly, in the case of the chemical structure (II), that at least two of the n ² mutually joined repeat units encompassed by the polymer P differ in at least one of the R ² , R ² ', R ³ ', L ² , L ² ', L ³ , L ³ ', X ² , X ³ , Y ² , Y ³ radicals and/or in the value of m ² or m ³ .

This means more particularly, in the case of the chemical structure (III), that at least two of the n ³ mutually joined repeat units encompassed by the polymer P differ in at least one of the R ⁴ , R ⁵ , L ⁴ , L ⁵ , L ⁶ , L ⁷ , X ⁴ , X ⁵ , Y ⁴ , Y ⁵ radicals and/or in the value of m ⁴ or m ⁵ .

The end group of the first repeat unit of the redox polymer P according to the invention which is present therefor in the chemical structure (I) at the bond indicated by "*", and the end group of the n ¹ th repeat unit of the redox polymer P according to the invention which is present therefor in the chemical structure (I) at the bond indicated by "**", are not particularly restricted and are a result of the polymerization method used in the method for preparing the redox polymer P according to the invention. Thus, they may be termination fragments of an initiator or a repeat unit. Preferably, these end groups are selected from hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, unsubstituted radical or aliphatic radical substituted by -CN, -OH, halogen (which may especially be an unsubstituted or correspondingly substituted alkyl group), (hetero)aromatic radical, which is preferably a phenyl radical, benzyl radical or ohydroxybenzyl.

The end groups of the first repeat unit of the redox polymer P according to the invention which is present therefor in the chemical structure (II) at the bonds indicated by "#” and and the end groups of the n ² th repeat unit of the redox polymer P according to the invention which is present therefor in the chemical structure (II) at the bonds indicated by "##” and are not particularly restricted and are a result of the polymerization method used in the method for preparing the redox polymer P according to the invention. Thus, they may be termination fragments of an initiator or a repeat unit. Preferably, these end groups are selected from hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, unsubstituted radical or aliphatic radical substituted by -CN, -OH, halogen (which may especially be an unsubstituted or correspondingly substituted alkyl group), (hetero)aromatic radical, which is preferably a phenyl radical, benzyl radical or ohydroxybenzyl.

The end groups of the first repeat unit of the redox polymer P according to the invention which is present therefor in the chemical structure (III) at the bonds indicated by "§” and“$”, and the end groups of the n ³ th repeat unit of the redox polymer P according to the invention which is present therefor in the chemical structure (III) at the bonds indicated by "§§” and are not particularly restricted and are a result of the polymerization method used in the method for preparing the redox polymer P according to the invention. Thus, they may be termination fragments of an initiator or a repeat unit. Preferably, these end groups are selected from hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, unsubstituted radical or aliphatic radical substituted by -CN, -OH, halogen (which may especially be an unsubstituted or correspondingly substituted alkyl group), (hetero)aromatic radical, which is preferably a phenyl radical, benzyl radical or ohydroxybenzyl. 1.1.b) In a preferred embodiment of the first aspect of the invention as defined in point 1.1 .a), the organic redox polymer P non-conjugated in the main chain which is encompassed by the electrode material in the first aspect of the invention comprises n ¹ mutually joined repeat units of the chemical structure (I)

where n ¹ is an integer > 4, preferably an integer in the range of 4 to 10 ^® , more preferably an integer in the range of 10 to 10 ⁵ , more preferably an integer in the range of 100 to 10 ⁴ , where m ¹ is an integer > 0, preferably an integer in the range of 0 to 10 ^® , more preferably an integer in the range of 0 to 10 ⁵ , more preferably an integer in the range of 0 to 10 ⁴ , even more preferably an integer in the range of 0 to 10, and most preferably is in each case 0, where the repeat units of the chemical structure (I) within the polymer P are the same or at least partly different from one another, where the repeat units of the chemical structure (I) within the polymer are joined to one another in such a way that the bond indicated by "**" in a particular repeat unit is joined by the bond indicated by "*" in the adjacent repeat unit, where X ¹ is a non-conjugated organic group which is formed by polymerization reaction from a group consisting of an organic double bond, an organic triple bond, an oxirane or an aziridine, or is a non-conjugated organic group which is formed by a polymer-analogous reaction, where Y ¹ is a non-conjugated organic spacer unit, where L ¹ , L ¹ ’ are each independently selected from the group consisting of direct bond, organic linker unit, and where, preferably, L ¹ is selected from the group consisting of direct bond, organic linker unit, and L ¹ ' is a direct bond, and where R ¹ , R ¹ ’ are each independently an organic redox-active group preferably selected from the group consisting of redox-active aromatic imide function (A), redox-active organic function comprising at least one stable oxygen radical (B), redox-active anthraquinone/ carbazole function (C), redox-active dialkoxybenzene function (D), redox-active benzoquinone function (E), redox- active triphenylamine function (G), redox-active viologen function (H), redox-active ferrocene function (J), and R ¹ ' may also be a hydrogen radical, and where, more preferably, R ¹ is an organic redox-active group preferably selected from the group consisting of redox-active aromatic imide function (A), redox-active organic function comprising at least one stable oxygen radical (B), redox-active anthraquinone/ carbazole function (C), redox- active dialkoxybenzene function (D), redox-active benzoquinone function (E), redox-active triphenylamine function (G), redox-active viologen function (H), redox-active ferrocene function (J), and R ¹ ' is a hydrogen radical, and where, even more preferably, R ¹ is an organic redox-active group selected from the group consisting of redox-active organic function comprising at least one stable oxygen radical (B), redox- active anthraquinone/ carbazole function (C), and R ¹ ’ is a hydrogen radical.

The repeat units of the chemical structure (I) within the polymer P according to point 1.1 .b) are the same or at least partly different from one another.

"At least partly different from one another" means that at least two repeat units differ from one another.

This means more particularly, in the case of the chemical structure (I), that at least two of the n ¹ mutually joined repeat units encompassed by the polymer P differ in at least one of the R ¹ , R ¹ ', L ¹ , L ¹ ', X ¹ , Y ¹ radicals and/or in the value of m ¹ .

The end group of the first repeat unit of the redox polymer P according to the invention which is present therefor in the chemical structure (I) at the bond indicated by "*", and the end group of the n ¹ th repeat unit of the redox polymer P according to the invention which is present therefor in the chemical structure (II) at the bond indicated by "**", are not particularly restricted and are a result of the polymerization method used in the method for preparing the redox polymer P according to the invention. Thus, they may be termination fragments of an initiator or a repeat unit. Preferably, these end groups are selected from hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, unsubstituted radical or aliphatic radical substituted by -CN, -OH, halogen (which may especially be an unsubstituted or correspondingly substituted alkyl group), (hetero)aromatic radical, which is preferably a phenyl radical, benzyl radical or ohydroxybenzyl.

1.1.1 Redox-active groups

The organic redox-active groups selectable for R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' in the structures (I), (II) and (III), in the first aspect of the invention, preferably as defined in point 1.1.a) and more preferably in point 1.1.b), are not subject to any further restriction. The person skilled in the art is aware of organic redox-active groups that can be used in organic batteries, and they are described, for example, in Muench et al. together with the synthesis of the respective polymers. As described in point 1.1. a) and point I.1.b), the organic redox-active groups are preferably selected from the group consisting of redox-active aromatic imide function (A), redox-active organic function comprising at least one stable oxygen radical (B), redox-active anthraquinone/carbazole function (C), redox- active dialkoxybenzene function (D), redox-active benzoquinone function (E), redox-active triphenylamine function (G), redox-active viologen function (H), redox-active ferrocene function (J), and more preferably selected from the group consisting of redox-active aromatic imide function (A), redox-active organic function comprising at least one stable oxygen radical (B), redox-active anthraquinone/carbazole function (C), and even more preferably from the group consisting of redox-active organic function comprising at least one stable oxygen radical (B), redox-active anthraquinone/carbazole function (C), and the organic redox-active group is most preferably a redox-active organic function comprising at least one stable oxygen radical (B).

1.1.1.1 Redox-active aromatic imide function (A)

For the purposes of the invention, "redox-active aromatic imide function" means a redox-active organic radical in which an imide function forms a ring with the carbon atoms of one or two aromatic rings.

A.1 In the cases in which the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' radicals or the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ radicals or the R ¹ , R ¹ ' radicals or the R ¹ radical in the structures (I), (II) and (III) in the first aspect of the invention as defined in point 1.1. a) and point I.1.b) are in each case a redox-active aromatic imide function (A), this means more particularly in accordance with the invention that the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ¹ ', R ² ',

R ³ ' radicals or the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ radicals or the R ¹ , R ¹ ' radicals or the R ¹ radical may each independently have the following structure (A1) and, in the case of R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , may also each independently have the following structure (A2):

(A1) (A2)

where the Ar ¹ radical in (A1) or the Ar ² radical in (A2) is in each case independently a

(hetero)aromatic radical comprising one or more, preferably 1 to 6, (hetero)aromatic rings, where the (hetero)aromatic rings of Ar ¹ in (A1) or the (hetero)aromatic rings of Ar ² in (A2) may each independently be substituted by at least one radical selected from the group consisting of (halo)alkyl group, alkenyl group, alkynyl group, (halo)alkoxy group, cycloalkyl group, carbonylalkyl group, -C(=0)-H, carboxylic ester radical, carboxamide, carboxylic ester, sulfonic ester, phosphoric ester, amine, mono(halo)alkylamino, di(halo)alkylamino, cyano, hydroxyl, halogen, preferably from the group consisting of halogen, (halo)alkyl group, (halo)alkoxy group, carboxylic acid radical, carboxylic ester, where, in (A1), two of the ring atoms of Ar ¹ , in each case together with the two carbon atoms C ^A11 and C ^A12 and the nitrogen atom N ^A13 , form a five-membered ring, six-membered ring or seven- membered ring, preferably a five-membered ring or six-membered ring, where, in (A2), two of the ring atoms of Ar ² , in each case together with the two carbon atoms C ^A21 and C ^A22 and the nitrogen atom N ^A26 , form a five-membered ring, six-membered ring or seven- membered ring, preferably a five-membered ring or six-membered ring, and two different ring atoms of Ar ² , in each case together with the two carbon atoms C ^A23 and C ^A24 and the nitrogen atom N ^A25 , form a five-membered ring, six-membered ring or seven-membered ring, preferably a five- membered ring or six-membered ring, and where two aromatic carbon atoms in the same (hetero)aromatic ring in Ar ¹ or two aromatic carbon atoms in the same (hetero)aromatic ring in Ar ² may also be bridged via a divalent aliphatic radical which is preferably alkylene, (thio)ether or a divalent radical of the formula ~(CH2) _PAH -

C(=0)-(NR ^AP1 )-C(=0)-(CH ₂ )p _Ai2 ~ where R ^AP1 = hydrogen radical, halogen radical, (halo)alkyl group or (halo)alkoxy group and p ^A11 = 0 or 1 and p ^A12 = 0 or 1 , and where, in the case that the Ar ¹ radical comprises multiple (hetero)aromatic rings, these may be at least partly fused to one another in Ar ¹ , and where, in the case that the Ar ² radical comprises multiple (hetero)aromatic rings, these may be at least partly fused to one another in Ar ² , and where, in the case that the Ar ¹ radical comprises multiple (hetero)aromatic rings, two aromatic carbon atoms from different (hetero)aromatic rings in Ar ¹ may also be bridged via a direct bond or a radical selected from the group consisting of heteroatom, which is preferably -O- or -S- and more preferably -0-,

divalent aliphatic radical, which is preferably alkylene, (thio)ether or a divalent radical of the formula ~(CH2)pA13-C(=0)-(NR ^AP2 )-C(=0)-(CH ₂ )pA14~,

where R ^AP2 = hydrogen radical, halogen radical, (halo)alkyl group or (halo)alkoxy group, preferably R ^AP2 = hydrogen radical, alkyl group, and p ^A13 = 0 or 1 and p ^A14 = 0 or 1 , and where, in the case that the Ar ² radical comprises multiple (hetero)aromatic rings, two aromatic carbon atoms from different (hetero)aromatic rings in Ar ² may also be bridged via a direct bond selected from the group consisting of

heteroatom, which is preferably -O- or -S- and more preferably -O-,

divalent aliphatic radical, which is preferably alkylene, (thio)ether or a divalent radical of the formula ~(CH2)pA23-C(=0)-(NR ^AP4 )-C(=0)-(CH2)pA24~ where R ^AP4 = hydrogen radical, halogen radical, (halo)alkyl group or (halo)alkoxy group, preferably R ^AP4 = hydrogen radical, alkyl group and p ^A23 = 0 or 1 and p ^A24 = 0 or 1 , where the bonds indicated by (i) and (ii) proceed from aromatic carbon atoms of Ar ¹ , and where, in the case that R ¹ = (A1), one of the bonds indicated by (i), (ii), (iii) is the bond to L ¹ , in the case that R ¹ ' = (A1), one of the bonds indicated by (i), (ii), (iii) is the bond to L ¹ ',

in the case that R ² ' = (A1), one of the bonds indicated by (i), (ii), (iii) is the bond to L ² ',

in the case that R ³ ' = (A1), one of the bonds indicated by (i), (ii), (iii) is the bond to L ³ ',

in the case that R ² = (A1), one of the bonds indicated by (i), (ii), (iii) is the bond to L ² and another of the bonds indicated by (i), (ii), (iii) is the bond to L ³ ,

in the case that R ⁴ = (A1), one of the bonds indicated by (i), (ii), (iii) is the bond to L ⁴ and another of the bonds indicated by (i), (ii), (iii) is the bond to L ⁵ ,

in the case that R ⁵ = (A1), one of the bonds indicated by (i), (ii), (iii) is the bond to L ⁶ and another of the bonds indicated by (i), (ii), (iii) is the bond to L ⁷ , in the case that R ² = (A2), the bond indicated by (iv) is the bond to L ² and the bond indicated by (v) is the bond to L ³ ,

in the case that R ⁴ = (A2), the bond indicated by (iv) is the bond to L ⁴ and the bond indicated by (v) is the bond to L ⁵ , in the case that R ⁵ = (A2), the bond indicated by (iv) is the bond to L ⁶ and the bond indicated by (v) is the bond to L ⁷ and in that case each of the bonds indicated by (i) and (ii) that are not a bond to L ¹ , L ² , L ³ , L ⁴ , L ⁵ , L ⁶ , L ⁷ , L ¹ ', L ² ' or L ³ ' are each independently bonded to a radical selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (halo)alkyl group, alkenyl group, alkynyl group, (halo)alkoxy group, cycloalkyl group, carbonylalkyl, -C(=0)-H, carboxylic acid radical, carboxamide, carboxylic ester, sulfonic ester, phosphoric ester, amine, mono(halo)alkylamino, di(halo)alkylamino, cyano, hydroxyl, halogen, preferably from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, (halo)alkyl group, (halo)alkoxy group, carboxylic acid radical, carboxylic ester, and the bond indicated by (iii), if it is not a bond to L ¹ , L ² , L ³ , L ⁴ , L ⁵ , L ⁶ , L ⁷ , L ¹ ', L ² ' or L ³ ', is bonded to a radical selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (halo)alkyl group, alkenyl group, alkynyl group, (halo)alkoxy group, cycloalkyl group, carbonylalkyl, -C(=0)-H, carboxylic acid radical, carboxamide, carboxylic ester, cyano, hydroxyl, halogen, preferably from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, (halo)alkyl group, (halo)alkoxy group, carboxylic acid radical, carboxylic ester.

A.2 In a preferred embodiment of the aforementioned point A.1 , Ar ¹ has a structure selected from the group consisting of (A11), (A12), (A13), (A14), (A15), (A16), (A17), (A18), (A19), (A20), (A21)

where the aromatic carbon atom labelled C ^{AM 1} in the structures (A11), (A12), (A13), (A14), (A15), (A16), (A17), (A18), (A19), (A20), (A21) has a direct bond to the carbon atom labelled C ^A11 in the structure (A1),

where the aromatic carbon atom labelled C ^Ar12 in the structures (A11), (A12), (A13), (A14), (A15), (A16), (A17), (A18), (A19), (A20), (A21) has a direct bond to the carbon atom labelled C ^A12 in the structure (A1), where X ^A19 in (A18) is a radical selected from the group consisting of direct bond,

heteroatom which is preferably -O- or -S- and more preferably -0-,

divalent aliphatic radical, which is preferably alkylene, (thio)ether or a divalent radical of the formula ~(CH2)pAi3-C(=0)-(NR ^AP2 )-C(=0)-(CH ₂ )pAi4~,

where R ^AP2 = hydrogen radical, halogen radical, (halo)alkyl group or (halo)alkoxy group, preferably R ^AP2 = hydrogen radical, alkyl group, and p ^A13 = 0 or 1 and p ^A14 = 0 or 1 , and X ^A19 is more preferably selected from the group consisting of -O-, alkylene, direct bond and X ^A19 is most preferably -O-, where the bonds indicated by (i) and (ii) in the structure (A1), in the case of the structures (A11), (A12), (A13), (A14), (A15), (A16), (A17), (A19), (A20) and (A21), proceed from two aromatic carbon atoms in the structures (A11), (A12), (A13), (A14), (A15), (A16), (A17), (A19), (A20) and (A21) other than the carbon atoms labelled C ^A11 and C ^A12 , or, in the case of structure (A18), proceed in each case from two aromatic carbon atoms in the structure (A18) other than both the carbon atoms labelled C ^A11 and C ^A12 and the aromatic carbon atoms bonded to X ^A19 , and the aromatic carbon atoms in the structures (A11), (A12), (A13), (A14), (A15), (A16), (A17), (A18), (A19), (A20), (A21) that do not have a bond to C ^A1 \ C ^A12 , X ^A19 , L ¹ , L ¹ ', L ² ', L ³ ', L ² , L ³ , L ⁴ , L ⁵ , L ⁶ or L ⁷ are bonded to a radical selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (halo)alkyl group, alkenyl group, alkynyl group, (halo)alkoxy group, cycloalkyl group, carbonylalkyl, -C(=0)-H, carboxylic acid radical, carboxamide, carboxylic ester, sulfonic ester, phosphoric ester, amine, mono(halo)alkylamino, di(halo)alkylamino, cyano, hydroxyl, halogen, preferably to a radical selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, (halo)alkyl group, (halo)alkoxy group, carboxylic acid radical, carboxylic ester, and where two aromatic carbon atoms in the same or different aromatic rings within the structures (A11), (A12), (A13), (A14), (A15), (A16), (A17), (A18), (A19), (A20), (A21) may also be bridged via a divalent radical of the formula ~(CH2) _PAI5 -C(=0)-(NR ^AP3 )-C(=0)-(CH2) _PAI6 ~ where R ^AP3 = hydrogen radical, halogen radical, (halo)alkyl group or (halo)alkoxy group, preferably R ^AP3 = hydrogen radical, alkyl group, and p ^A15 = 0 or 1 and p ^A16 = 0 or 1 , and Ar ² has a structure selected from the group consisting of (A22), (A23), (A24), (A25), (A26), (A27), (A28), (A29), (A30), (A31), (A32) where the aromatic carbon atom labelled C ^Ar21 in the structures (A22), (A23), (A24), (A25), (A26), (A27), (A28), (A29), (A30), (A31) or (A32) has a direct bond to the carbon atom labelled C ^A21 in the structure (A2),

where the aromatic carbon atom labelled C ^Ar22 in the structures (A22), (A23), (A24), (A25), (A26), (A27), (A28), (A29), (A30), (A31) or (A32) has a direct bond to the carbon atom labelled C ^A22 in the structure (A2),

and in that case two further aromatic carbon atoms other than C ^Ar21 and C ^Ar22 in the structures (A22), (A23), (A24), (A25), (A26), (A27), (A28), (A29), (A30), (A31), (A32) that are ortho or meta to one another, and, in the case of the structure (A29), also other than the aromatic carbon atoms bonded to X ^A29 , are each bonded directly to the carbon atoms labelled C ^A23 or C ^A24 in the structure

(A2), where X ^A29 in (A29) is selected from the group consisting of direct bond, heteroatom, which is preferably -O- or -S- and more preferably -0-,

divalent aliphatic radical, which is preferably alkylene, (thio)ether or a divalent radical of the formula ~(CH ₂ )PA ₁₇ -C(=0)-(NR ^AP4 )-C(=0)-(CH ₂ )PA ₁₈ ~,

where R ^AP4 = hydrogen radical, halogen radical, (halo)alkyl group, (halo)alkoxy group, preferably R ^AP4 = hydrogen radical, alkyl group, and p ^A17 = 0 or 1 and p ^A18 = 0 or 1 , and X ^A29 is more preferably selected from the group consisting of -O-, alkylene, direct bond and X ^A29 is most preferably -O-, and the aromatic carbon atoms in the structures (A22), (A23), (A24), (A25), (A26), (A27), (A28), (A29), (A30), (A31), (A32) that do not have a bond to C ^A2 \ C ^A22 , C ^A23 , C ^A24 , X ^A29 are bonded to a radical selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (halo)alkyl group, alkenyl group, alkynyl group, (halo)alkoxy group, cycloalkyl group, carbonylalkyl, -C(=0)-H, carboxylic acid radical, carboxamide, carboxylic ester, sulfonic ester, phosphoric ester, amine, mono(halo)alkylamino, di(halo)alkylamino, cyano, hydroxyl, halogen, preferably to a radical selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, (halo)alkyl group, (halo)alkoxy group, carboxylic acid radical, carboxylic ester. A.3 In a preferred embodiment of the aforementioned point A.1 or A.2, what is meant in accordance with the invention in the cases in which the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' radicals or the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ radicals or the R ¹ , R ¹ ' radicals or the R ¹ radical in the structures (I), (II) or (III) in the first aspect of the invention as defined in point 1.1.a) and point 1.1 .b) is in each case a redox-active aromatic imide function (A) is that R ¹ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' are in that case each independently selected from the group consisting of the following structures (A101), (A102), (A103), (A104):

(A101) (A102) (A103) (A104)

where the bond indicated by (iii ^A1 ) for R ¹ is the bond to L ¹ , for R ¹ ' is the bond to L ¹ ', for R ² ' is the bond to L ² ', for R ³ ' is the bond to L ³ ', where c ^A102 is selected from the group consisting of direct bond, heteroatom, which is preferably - O- or -S-, more preferably -O-,

divalent aliphatic radical, which is preferably alkylene, (thio)ether or a divalent radical of the formula ~(CH2)PA ₁₁ -C(=0)-(NR ^AP1 )-C(=0)-(CH ₂ )PA ₁₂ ~ where R ^AP1 = hydrogen radical, halogen radical, (halo)alkyl group or (halo)alkoxy group, preferably R ^AP1 = hydrogen radical, alkyl group and p ^A11 = 0 or 1 and p ^A12 = 0 or 1 ,

and X ^A102 is more preferably selected from the group consisting of -O-, alkylene, direct bond and cLΐ°2 j _{s mos{} p _re f _era b|y -O-, selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (halo)alkyl group, alkenyl group, alkynyl group, (halo)alkoxy group, cycloalkyl group, carbonylalkyl, -C(=0)-H, carboxylic acid radical, carboxamide, carboxylic ester, cyano, hydroxyl, halogen, preferably from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, (halo)alkyl group, (halo)alkoxy group, carboxylic acid radical, carboxylic ester, more preferably from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, (halo)alkyl group, (halo)alkoxy group, carboxylic ester, even more preferably from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, (halo)alkyl group, (halo)alkoxy group, even more preferably from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl group, and are most preferably each hydrogen, and where R ^A111 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (halo)alkyl group, alkenyl group, alkynyl group, (halo)alkoxy group, cycloalkyl group, carbonylalkyl, -C(=0)-H, carboxylic acid radical, carboxamide, carboxylic ester, cyano, hydroxyl, halogen, preferably from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, (halo)alkyl group, (halo)alkoxy group, carboxylic acid radical, carboxylic ester, preferably from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, (halo)alkyl group, (halo)alkoxy group, carboxylic acid radical, carboxylic ester, more preferably from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, (halo)alkyl group, (halo)alkoxy group, carboxylic ester, even more preferably from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, (halo)alkyl group, (halo)alkoxy group, even more preferably from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl group, and is most preferably hydrogen, and R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ in that case are each independently selected from the group consisting of the following structures (A201), (A202), (A203), (A204):

(A201 ) (A202) (A203) (A204)

where the bond indicated by (v ^A2 ) for R ² denotes the bond to L ² , for R ⁴ denotes the bond to L ⁴ , for R ⁵ denotes the bond to L ⁶ , where the bond indicated by (vi ^A2 ) for R ² denotes the bond to L ³ , for R ⁴ denotes the bond to L ⁵ , for R ⁵ denotes the bond to L ⁷ , where c ^A202 in (A202) is a radical selected from the group consisting of direct bond, heteroatom, which is preferably -O- or -S- and more preferably -0-,

divalent aliphatic radical, which is preferably alkylene, (thio)ether or a divalent radical of the formula ~(CH2)pA17-C(=0)-(NR ^AP4 )-C(=0)-(CH ₂ )pA18~,

where R ^AP4 = hydrogen radical, halogen radical, (halo)alkyl group or (halo)alkoxy group, preferably R ^AP4 = hydrogen radical, alkyl group, and p ^A17 = 0 or 1 and p ^A18 = 0 or 1 ,

and c ^A202 is more preferably selected from the group consisting of -O-, alkylene, direct bond and X ^A202 is most preferably -O-, and where R ^A201 R ^A202 _R A203 _R A204 _R A205 _R A206 _R A207 _R A208 _R A209 _R A210 _R A211 _R A212 _R A213 _R A214

R ^A215 , _R ^A 216 _{^ R} ^A217 _{^ R} ^A 218 _{^ R} ^A219 _{^ R} ^A 22 ^O _{gre eac} h independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (halo)alkyl group, alkenyl group, alkynyl group, (halo)alkoxy group, cycloalkyl group, carbonylalkyl, -C(=0)-H, carboxylic acid radical, carboxamide, carboxylic ester, cyano, hydroxyl, halogen, preferably from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, (halo)alkyl group, (halo)alkoxy group, carboxylic acid radical, carboxylic ester, more preferably from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, alkyl group, even more preferably from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl group, and are most preferably each hydrogen.

A.4 In a preferred embodiment of the aforementioned point A.3, what is meant in accordance with the invention in the cases in which the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' radicals or the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ radicals or the R ¹ , R ¹ ' radicals or the R ¹ radical in the structures (I), (II) or (III) in the first aspect of the invention as defined in point 1.1. a) and point I.1.b) is in each case a redox-active aromatic imide function (A) is that the R ¹ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' radicals or the R ¹ , R ¹ ' radicals or the R ¹ radical are in that case each independently selected from the group consisting of the structures (A101), (A103) defined in A.3, and preferably each have a structure (A101), where the definitions of (iii ^A1 ), R ^A101 , R ^A102 , _R A1(» _R A1CM _R A112, _R A11 _{3 > R} A114 _R A115, _R A1 ie _{> R} A117 _{gre d efj ned in} point A.3, and the R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ radicals in that case are each independently selected from the group consisting of the structures (A201), (A202) defined in A.3, and preferably each have a structure (201), where the definitions of (v ^A2 ), (vi ^A2 ), X ^A202 , R ^A201 , R ^A202 , R ^A203 , R ^A204 , R ^A205 , R ^A206 , R ^A207 , R ^A208 are as defined in point A.3.

A.5 In a particularly preferred embodiment of the first aspect of the invention as defined in 1.1.b) or point A.4, the organic redox polymer P non-conjugated in the main chain which is encompassed by the electrode material in the first aspect of the invention especially comprises n ¹ mutually joined repeat units of the chemical structure (I) where n ¹ is an integer > 4, more preferably an integer in the range of 4 to 10 ^® , more preferably an integer in the range of 10 to 10 ⁵ , more preferably an integer in the range of 100 to 10 ⁴ , where m ¹ is an integer > 0, preferably an integer in the range of 0 to 10 ^® , more preferably an integer in the range of 0 to 10 ⁵ , more preferably an integer in the range of 0 to 10 ⁴ , even more preferably an integer in the range from 0 to 10, and most preferably is in each case 0, where the repeat units of the chemical structure (I) within the polymer P are the same or at least partly different from one another, where the repeat units of the chemical structure (I) within the polymer are bonded to one another in such a way that the bond indicated by "**" in a particular repeat unit is joined by the bond indicated by "*" in the adjacent repeat unit, where X ¹ is a non-conjugated organic group which is formed by polymerization reaction from a group consisting of an organic double bond, an organic triple bond, an oxirane or an aziridine, or is a non-conjugated organic group which is formed by a polymer-analogous reaction, where Y ¹ is a non-conjugated organic spacer unit, where L ¹ , L ¹ ’ are each independently selected from the group consisting of direct bond, organic linker unit, and, preferably, L ¹ is selected from the group consisting of direct bond, organic linker unit, and L ¹ ' is a direct bond, where R ¹ , R ¹ ' are each independently a redox-active aromatic imide function (A), and R ¹ ' may also be a hydrogen radical, and, preferably, R ¹ is a redox-active aromatic imide function (A) and R ¹ ' is a hydrogen radical, where the redox-active aromatic imide function (A) preferably has the structure (A101) where the bond indicated by (iii ^A1 ) for R ¹ is the bond to L ¹ and for R ¹ ' is the bond to L ¹ ', and where R ^A101 , R ^A102 , R ^A103 , R ^A104 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (halo)alkyl group, alkenyl group, alkynyl group, (halo)alkoxy group, cycloalkyl group, carbonylalkyl, -C(=0)-H, carboxylic acid radical, carboxamide, carboxylic ester, cyano, hydroxyl, halogen, preferably from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, (halo)alkyl group, (halo)alkoxy group, carboxylic acid radical, carboxylic ester, more preferably from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, (halo)alkyl group, (halo)alkoxy group, carboxylic acid radical, carboxylic ester, even more preferably from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, (halo)alkyl group, even more preferably from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl group, and where R ^A101 , R ^A102 , R ^A103 , R ^A104 are most preferably each hydrogen.

1.1.1.2 Redox-active organic function comprising at least one stable oxygen radical (B)

For the purposes of the invention, "redox-active organic function comprising at least one stable oxygen radical" means a redox-active oxygen radical comprising a stable oxygen radical (O·). B.1 In the cases in which the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' radicals or the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ radicals or the

R ¹ , R ¹ ' radicals or the R ¹ radical in the structures (I), (II) and (III) in the first aspect of the invention as defined in point 1.1. a) and point 1.1 .b) are in each case a redox-active organic function comprising at least one stable oxygen radical (B), this means more particularly in accordance with the invention that the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' radicals or the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ radicals or the R ¹ , R ¹ ' radicals or the R ¹ radical are each independently selected from one of the following structures (B1),

(B2):

where, in the structure (B1), the nitrogen atom N ^ArB1 is part of an aliphatic ring Ar ^B1 which, as well as the nitrogen atom N ^ArB1 , may comprise further heteroatoms, preferably N, and groups comprising heteroatoms, preferably selected from the group consisting of -N(alkyl)-, -NH-, -N(0·)-, and which may be fused to one or more further aliphatic or aromatic rings and bonded via a spiro bond to one or more further aliphatic rings, each of which in turn optionally have further heteroatoms, preferably N, and groups containing heteroatoms, preferably selected from the group consisting of -N(alkyl)-, -NH-, -N(0·)-, where at least one ring carbon atom of Ar ^B1 may be substituted by a group selected from (halo)alkyl group, alkenyl group, alkynyl group, (halo)alkoxy group, cycloalkyl group, carbonylalkyl, -C(=0)-H, carboxylic acid, carboxamide, carboxylic ester, sulfonic ester, phosphoric ester, amine, mono(halo)alkylamino, di(halo)alkylamino, cyano, hydroxyl, halogen, preferably by a group selected from (halo)alkyl group, cycloalkyl group, where the bonds indicated by (vi) and (vii) proceed from ring carbon atoms of Ar ^B1 and/or from ring carbon atoms of the rings fused to Ar ^B1 or bonded via a spiro bond, where, in the case that R ¹ = (B1), the bond indicated by (vi) is the bond to L ¹ and the bond indicated by (vii) is a bond to hydrogen,

where, in the case that R ¹ ' = (B1), the bond indicated by (vi) is the bond to L ¹ ' and the bond indicated by (vii) is a bond to hydrogen,

where, in the case that R ² ' = (B1), the bond indicated by (vi) is the bond to L ² ' and the bond indicated by (vii) is a bond to hydrogen,

where, in the case that R ³ ' = (B1), the bond indicated by (vi) is the bond to L ³ ' and the bond indicated by (vii) is a bond to hydrogen, and where, in the case that R ² = (B1), the bond indicated by (vi) is the bond to L ² and the bond indicated by (vii) is the bond to L ³ ,

and where, in the case that R ⁴ = (B1), the bond indicated by (vi) is the bond to L ⁴ and the bond indicated by (vii) is the bond to L ⁵ , and where, in the case that R ⁵ = (B1), the bond indicated by (vi) is the bond to L ⁶ and the bond indicated by (vii) is the bond to L ⁷ , where, in the case that R ¹ , R ¹ ', R ² ' or R ³ ' = (B2), the bond indicated by (viii) is the bond to L ¹ , L ¹ ', L ² ' or L ³ ' and R ^B1 , R ^B2 , R ^B3 , R ^B4 , R ^B5 , R ^B6 , R ^B7 , R ^B8 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (halo)alkyl group, alkenyl group, alkynyl group, (halo)alkoxy group, cycloalkyl group, carbonylalkyl, -C(=0)-H, carboxylic acid, carboxamide, carboxylic ester, sulfonic ester, phosphoric ester, amine, mono(halo)alkylamino, di(halo)alkylamino, cyano, hydroxyl, halogen, preferably from the group consisting of hydrogen, (halo)alkyl, cycloalkyl, and where, in the case that R ² , R ⁴ or R ⁵ = (B2), the bond indicated by (viii) is the bond to L ² , L ⁴ or L ⁶ and one of the R ^B7 , R ^B8 radicals is a direct bond to L ³ , L ⁵ or L ⁷ , where in that case the R ^B1 , R ^B2 , R ^B3 , R ^B4 , R ^B5 , R ^B6 radicals and that of the two R ^B7 , R ^B8 radicals that is not a direct bond to L ³ , L ⁵ or L ⁷ is in each case independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (halo)alkyl group, alkenyl group, alkynyl group, (halo)alkoxy group, cycloalkyl group, carbonylalkyl, -C(=0)-H, carboxylic acid, carboxamide, carboxylic ester, sulfonic ester, phosphoric ester, amine, mono(halo)alkylamino, di(halo)alkylamino, cyano, hydroxyl, halogen, preferably from the group consisting of hydrogen, (halo)alkyl, cycloalkyl.

B.2 In a preferred embodiment of the aforementioned point B.1 , the structure (B1) has a structure selected from the group consisting of the following structures (B11), (B12), (B13), preferably from the following structure (B11):

where

X ^B1 is a divalent radical selected from the group consisting of phenylene, preferably 1 ,2-phenylene,

where R ^XB11 , R ^XB12 , R ^XB13 , R ^XB14 , R ^XB15 , R ^XB16 , R ^XB17 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (halo)alkyl, and are preferably all hydrogen, where "(a ^B11 )" in each case indicates the bond to the carbon atom bonded to R ^B11 and R ^B12 , where "(b ^B11 )" in each case indicates the bond to the carbon atom bonded to R ^B13 and R ^B14 , where“C” indicates the carbon atom from which the bond (vi ^B1 ) proceeds,

and where, in the case in which X ^B1 = phenylene, the bond indicated by (vi ^B1 ) proceeds from one of the aromatic ring carbon atoms of the phenylene radical, and where, in the case that R ¹ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' are selected from the group consisting of (B11), (B12), (B13), the bond indicated by (vi ^B1 ) is the bond to L ¹ , L ² ', L ³ ' or L ⁴ ', and the R ^B1 \ R ^B12 , R ^B13 , R ^B14 , R ^B15 , R ^B16 , R ^B17 , R ^B18 , R ^B19 , R ^B2 °, R ^B21 , R ^B22 , R ^B23 , R ^B24 radicals are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (halo)alkyl group, alkenyl group, alkynyl group, (halo)alkoxy group, cycloalkyl group, carbonylalkyl, -C(=0)-H, carboxylic acid, carboxamide, carboxylic ester, sulfonic ester, phosphoric ester, amine, mono(halo)alkylamino, di(halo)alkylamino, cyano, hydroxyl, halogen, preferably from the group consisting of hydrogen, (halo)alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkyl, more preferably from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, / ^' so-propyl, even more preferably from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, and they are most preferably all methyl, and where, in the case that R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ are selected from the group consisting of (B11), (B12), (B13), the bond indicated by (vi) is the bond to L ² , L ⁴ or L ⁶ , and, in the case that R ² is a structure of the formula (B11), (B12) or (B13), R ^B1 \ R ^B15 or R ^B19 is in each case the bond to L ³ , and, in the case that R ⁴ is a structure of the formula (B11), (B12) or (B13), R ^B1 \ R ^B15 or R ^B19 is in each case the bond to L ⁵ , and, in the case that R ⁵ is a structure of the formula (B11), (B12) or (B13), R ^B1 \ R ^B15 or R ^B19 is in each case the bond to L ⁷ , and in that case those of the R ^B11 , R ^B15 and R ^B19 radicals that are not bonded to L ³ , L ⁵ or L ⁷ and the

R ^B12 , RB-13, RB-14, RB-16, RB-IZ, RB-IS, RB2O, RB2I , B22 _^ B23 _^ B24 _rac |j _ca | _{s are} each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (halo)alkyl group, alkenyl group, alkynyl group, (halo)alkoxy group, cycloalkyl group, carbonylalkyl, -C(=0)-H, carboxylic acid, carboxamide, carboxylic ester, sulfonic ester, phosphoric ester, amine, mono(halo)alkylamino, di(halo)alkylamino, cyano, hydroxyl, halogen, preferably from the group consisting of hydrogen, (halo)alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkyl, more preferably from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, / ^' so-propyl, even more preferably from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, and they are most preferably all methyl. B.3 In a particularly preferred embodiment of the first aspect of the invention as defined in 1.1. b), the organic redox polymer P non-conjugated in the main chain which is encompassed by the electrode material in the first aspect of the invention especially comprises n ¹ mutually joined repeat units of the chemical structure (I)

where n ¹ is an integer > 4, more preferably an integer in the range of 4 to 10 ^® , more preferably an integer in the range of 10 to 10 ⁵ , more preferably an integer in the range of 100 to 10 ⁴ , where m ¹ is an integer > 0, preferably an integer in the range of 0 to 10 ^® , more preferably an integer in the range of 0 to 10 ⁵ , more preferably an integer in the range of 0 to 10 ⁴ , even more preferably an integer in the range of 0 to 10, and most preferably is in each case 0, where the repeat units of the chemical structure (I) within the polymer P are the same or at least partly different from one another, where the repeat units of the chemical structure (I) within the polymer are bonded to one another in such a way that the bond indicated by "**" in a particular repeat unit is joined by the bond indicated by "*" in the adjacent repeat unit, where X ¹ is a non-conjugated organic group which is formed by polymerization reaction from a group consisting of an organic double bond, an organic triple bond, an oxirane or an aziridine, or is a non-conjugated organic group which is formed by a polymer-analogous reaction, where Y ¹ is a non-conjugated organic spacer unit, where L ¹ , L ¹ ' are each independently selected from the group consisting of direct bond, organic linker unit, and, preferably, L ¹ is selected from the group consisting of direct bond, organic linker unit, L ¹ ' is a direct bond, where R ¹ , R ¹ ' are each independently a redox-active organic function comprising at least one stable oxygen radical (B), and R ¹ ' may also be a hydrogen radical, and, preferably, R ¹ is a redox- active organic function comprising at least one stable oxygen radical (B) and R ¹ ' is a hydrogen radical, where the redox-active organic function comprising at least one stable oxygen radical (B) is more preferably selected from the group consisting of the following structures (B111), (B112), (B113), (B114), (B115), (B116), (B117), even more preferably from the group consisting of the following structures (B111), (B112), (B113), (B114), (B115), and is most preferably a compound of the structure (B111):

where, in each case, the bond indicated by (vi ^B11 ) for R ¹ is the bond to L ¹ and for R ¹ ' is the bond to L ¹ '.

1.1.1.3 Redox-active anthraguinone/carbazole function (C¾

In the context of the invention, "redox-active anthraquinone/carbazole function" means a redox- active organic radical comprising a base skeleton derived from anthraquinone or carbazole. C.1 In the cases in which the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' radicals or the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ radicals or the R ¹ , R ¹ ' radicals or the R ¹ radical in the structures (I), (II) and (III) in the first aspect of the invention as defined in point 1.1. a) and point I.1.b) are in each case a redox-active

anthraquinone/carbazole function (C), this means more particularly in accordance with the invention that the R ¹ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' or R ¹ , R ¹ ' or R ¹ radicals are each independently selected from the group consisting of the following structures (C1), (C2) and the R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ radicals are each independently selected from the group consisting of the following structures (C3), (C4):

where, in the structure (C1), the carbon atoms represented by C ^Ar31 and C ^Ar32 are part of a

(hetero)aromatic five-membered ring or six-membered ring, where at least one of the carbon atoms other than C ^Ar31 and C ^Ar32 and, if present, at least one nitrogen atom in this ring may be substituted by a substituent selected from the group consisting of (halo)alkyl group, alkenyl group, alkynyl group, (halo)alkoxy group, cycloalkyl group, carbonylalkyl, -C(=0)-H, carboxylic acid, carboxamide, carboxylic ester, sulfonic ester, phosphoric ester, amine, mono(halo)alkylamino, di(halo)alkylamino, cyano, hydroxyl, halogen, preferably by a group selected from halogen, (halo)alkyl group,

(halo)alkoxy group, where, in the structure (C1), the carbon atoms represented by C ^Ar33 and C ^Ar34 are part of a

(hetero)aromatic five-membered ring or six-membered ring, where at least one of the carbon atoms other than C ^Ar33 and C ^Ar34 and, if present, at least one nitrogen atom in this ring may be substituted by a substituent selected from the group consisting of (halo)alkyl group, alkenyl group, alkynyl group, (halo)alkoxy group, cycloalkyl group, carbonylalkyl, -C(=0)-H, carboxylic acid, carboxamide, carboxylic ester, sulfonic ester, phosphoric ester, amine, mono(halo)alkylamino, di(halo)alkylamino, cyano, hydroxyl, halogen, preferably by a group selected from halogen, (halo)alkyl group,

(halo)alkoxy group, where, in the structure (C2), the carbon atoms represented by C ^Ar35 and C ^Ar36 or by C ^Ar37 and C ^Ar38 are each part of a (hetero)aromatic five-membered ring or six-membered ring, where at least one of the carbon atoms other than C ^Ar35 , C ^Ar36 , C ^Ar37 , C ^Ar38 and, if present, at least one nitrogen atom in this ring may be substituted by a substituent selected from the group consisting of (halo)alkyl group, alkenyl group, alkynyl group, (halo)alkoxy group, cycloalkyl group, carbonylalkyl, -C(=0)-H, carboxylic acid, carboxamide, carboxylic ester, sulfonic ester, phosphoric ester, amine, mono(halo)alkylamino, di(halo)alkylamino, cyano, hydroxyl, halogen, preferably by a group selected from halogen, (halo)alkyl group, (halo)alkoxy group, where, in the structure (C3), the carbon atoms represented by C ^Ar39 and C ^Ar4 ° or by C ^Ar41 and C ^Ar42 are each part of a (hetero)aromatic five-membered ring or six-membered ring, where at least one of the carbon atoms other than C ^Ar39 , C ^Ar4 °, C ^Ar41 and C ^Ar42 and, if present, at least one nitrogen atom in the two rings may be substituted by a substituent selected from the group consisting of

(halo)alkyl group, alkenyl group, alkynyl group, (halo)alkoxy group, cycloalkyl group, carbonylalkyl, -C(=0)-H, carboxylic acid, carboxamide, carboxylic ester, sulfonic ester, phosphoric ester, amine, mono(halo)alkylamino, di(halo)alkylamino, cyano, hydroxyl, halogen, preferably by a group selected from halogen, (halo)alkyl group, (halo)alkoxy group, where, in the structure (C4), the carbon atoms represented by C ^Ar43 and C ^Ar44 are part of a

(hetero)aromatic five-membered ring or six-membered ring, where at least one of the carbon atoms other than C ^Ar43 and C ^Ar44 and, if present, at least one nitrogen atom in this ring may be substituted by a substituent selected from the group consisting of (halo)alkyl group, alkenyl group, alkynyl group, (halo)alkoxy group, cycloalkyl group, carbonylalkyl, -C(=0)-H, carboxylic acid, carboxamide, carboxylic ester, sulfonic ester, phosphoric ester, amine, mono(halo)alkylamino, di(halo)alkylamino, cyano, hydroxyl, halogen, preferably by a group selected from halogen, (halo)alkyl group,

(halo)alkoxy group, where, in the structure (C4), the carbon atoms represented by C ^Ar45 and C ^Ar46 are part of a

(hetero)aromatic five-membered ring or six-membered ring, where at least one of the carbon atoms other than C ^Ar45 and C ^Ar46 and, if present, at least one nitrogen atom in this ring may be substituted by a substituent selected from the group consisting of (halo)alkyl group, alkenyl group, alkynyl group, (halo)alkoxy group, cycloalkyl group, carbonylalkyl, -C(=0)-H, carboxylic acid, carboxamide, carboxylic ester, sulfonic ester, phosphoric ester, amine, mono(halo)alkylamino, di(halo)alkylamino, cyano, hydroxyl, halogen, preferably by a group selected from halogen, (halo)alkyl group,

(halo)alkoxy group, where X ^C1 , X ^C2 , X ^C3 , X ^C4 , X ^C5 , X ^C6 are each independently selected from the group consisting of - C(=Y ^C1 )-, -0-, -S-, -NH-, -N(haloalkyl)-, -N(alkyl)-,

and X ^C2 , X ^C3 , X ^C5 , X ^C6 may also each be a direct bond,

and where X ^C1 , X ^C4 may also be a group of the general formula (a ^c1 )-C(=0)-C(=0)-( ^c1 ), where (a ^c1 ) indicates the bond to C ^Ar31 or C ^Ar39 and (b ^E1 ) indicates the bond to C ^Ar33 or C ^Ar42 , where Y ^C1 is selected from the group consisting of O, S, and one of the following structures (Y ^C11 ),

where R ^YC121 , R ^{YC 122} are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (halo)alkyl group, alkenyl group, alkynyl group, (halo)alkoxy group, cycloalkyl group, carbonylalkyl, -C(=0)-H, carboxylic acid, carboxamide, carboxylic ester, sulfonic ester, phosphoric ester, amine, mono(halo)alkylamino, di(halo)alkylamino, cyano, hydroxyl, halogen, preferably selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, (halo)alkyl group, (halo)alkoxy group, more preferably from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl group, alkoxy group, even more preferably from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl group, and are most preferably both hydrogen, where the (hetero)aromatic five-membered ring or six-membered ring comprising C ^Ar31 and C ^Ar32 may be bridged to the (hetero)aromatic five-membered ring or six-membered ring comprising C ^Ar33 and C ^Ar34 , in addition to X ^C1 and X ^C2 , via a further divalent organic radical which is preferably an alkylene radical or a radical of the formula -C(=0)-C(=0)-, where the (hetero)aromatic five-membered ring or six-membered ring comprising C ^Ar39 and C ^Ar4 ° may be bridged to the (hetero)aromatic five-membered ring or six-membered ring comprising C ^Ar41 and C ^Ar42 , in addition to X ^C4 and X ^C5 , via a further divalent organic radical which is preferably an alkylene radical or a radical of the formula -C(=0)-C(=0)-, where the bond indicated by (ix) proceeds from one of the atoms that form the (hetero)aromatic five-membered or six-membered ring including C ^Ar31 and C ^Ar32 ,

where the bond indicated by (xi) proceeds from one of the atoms that form the (hetero)aromatic five-membered or six-membered ring including C ^Ar39 and C ^Ar4 °,

where the bond indicated by (xii) proceeds from one of the atoms that form the (hetero)aromatic five-membered or six-membered ring including C ^Ar41 and C ^Ar42 ,

where the bond indicated by (xiv) proceeds from one of the atoms that form the (hetero)aromatic five-membered or six-membered ring including C ^Ar45 and C ^Ar46 , and where

in the case that R ¹ = (C1) or (C2), the bonds indicated by (ix) or (x) are in each case the bond to L ¹ , in the case that R ¹ ' = (C1) or (C2), the bonds indicated by (ix) or (x) are in each case the bond to L ¹ ', in the case that R ² ' = (C1) or (C2), the bonds indicated by (ix) or (x) are in each case the bond to

L ² ',

in the case that R ³ ' = (C1) or (C2), the bonds indicated by (ix) or (x) are in each case the bond to L ³ ',

in the case that R ² = (C3) or (C4), the bonds indicated by (xi) or (xiii) are in each case the bond to L ² and the bonds indicated by (xii) or (xiv) are in each case the bond to L ³ ,

in the case that R ⁴ = (C3) or (C4), the bonds indicated by (xi) or (xiii) are in each case the bond to L ⁴ and the bonds indicated by (xii) or (xiv) are in each case the bond to L ⁵ ,

in the case that R ⁵ = (C3) or (C4), the bonds indicated by (xi) or (xiii) are in each case the bond to L ⁶ and the bonds indicated by (xii) or (xiv) are in each case the bond to L ⁷ .

C.2 In a preferred embodiment of the aforementioned point C.1 , what is meant in the cases in which the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' radicals or the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ radicals or the R ¹ , R ¹ ' radicals or the R ¹ radical in the structures (I), (II) and (III) in the first aspect of the invention as defined in point 1.1. a) and point I.1.b) are each a redox-active anthraquinone/carbazole function (C) is that the R ¹ ,

R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' radicals or the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ radicals or the R ¹ , R ¹ ' radicals or the R ¹ radical are each independently selected from one of the following structures (C11), (C12), (C13), (C14), (C15), (C16), (C17), (C18), (C19), (C20):

(C17) (C18) (C19) (C20) where X ^C1 \ X ^C12 , X ^C15 is selected from the group consisting of O, S, and one of the structures (Y ^C11 ) _(Y ci ₂₎ (yds) _de fj _{ned in point} Q. 1 , where X ^C13 , X ^C14 , X ^C16 are selected from the group consisting of -O-, -S-, -NH-, -N(haloalkyl)-, - N(alkyl)-, preferably from the group consisting of -O-, -S-, -NH-, -N(alkyl)-, even more preferably from the group consisting of -O-, -S-, -NH-,

and X ^C14 , X ^C16 may also each be a direct bond, where, when R ¹ , R ¹ ', R ² ' or R ³ ' have the structure (C11), one of the R ^C11 , R ^C12 radicals is the bond to L ¹ , L ¹ ', L ² ' or L ³ ',

and where, when R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ have the structure (C11), one of the R ^C11 , R ^C12 , R ^C13 , R ^C14 , R ^C15 , R ^C16 , R ^C17 , R ^C18 radicals is the bond to L ² , L ⁴ or L ⁶ and another of the R ^C11 , R ^C12 , R ^C13 , R ^C14 , R ^C15 , R ^C16 , R ^C17 , R ^C18 radicals is the bond to L ³ , L ⁵ or L ⁷ , where, when R ¹ , R ¹ ', R ² ' or R ³ ' have the structure (C12), one of the R ^C19 , R ^C2 ° radicals is the bond to L ¹ , L ¹ ', L ² ' or L ³ ',

and where, when R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ have the structure (C12), one of the R ^C19 , R ^C2 °, R ^C21 , R ^C22 , R ^C23 , R ^C24 , R ^C25 , R ^C26 radicals is the bond to L ² , L ⁴ or L ⁶ and another of the R ^C19 , R ^C2 °, R ^C21 , R ^C22 , R ^C23 , R ^C24 ,

R ^C25 , R ^C26 radicals is the bond to L ³ , L ⁵ or L ⁷ , where, when R ¹ , R ¹ ', R ² ' or R ³ ' have the structure (C13), one of the R ^C27 , R ^C28 , R ^C29 , R ^C3 °, R ^C35 radicals is the bond to L ¹ , L ¹ ', L ² ' or L ³ ',

and where, when R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ have the structure (C13), one of the R ^C27 , R ^C28 , R ^C29 , R ^C3 °, R ^C31 , R ^C32 , R ^C33 , R ^C34 R ^C35 radicals is the bond to L ² , L ⁴ or L ⁶ and another of the R ^C27 , R ^C28 , R ^C29 , R ^C3 °, R ^C31 , R ^c32 , RC33, C34 _^ C35 _rac |j _ca | _s j _s the bond to L ³ , L ⁵ or L ⁷ , where, when R ¹ , R ¹ ', R ² ' or R ³ ' have the structure (C14), one of the R ^C36 , R ^C37 , R ^C38 , R ^C39 , R ^C44 radicals is the bond to L ¹ , L ¹ ', L ² ' or L ³ ',

and where, when R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ have the structure (C14), one of the R ^C36 , R ^C37 , R ^C38 , R ^C39 , R ^C4 °, R ^C41 , R ^C42 , R ^C43 , R ^C44 radicals is the bond to L ² , L ⁴ or L ⁶ and another of the R ^C36 , R ^C37 , R ^C38 , R ^C39 , R ^C4 °, R ^C41 , R ^C42 , R ^C43 , R ^C44 radicals is the bond to L ³ , L ⁵ or L ⁷ , where, when R ¹ , R ¹ ', R ² ' or R ³ ' have the structure (C15), one of the R ^C45 , R ^C46 radicals is the bond to L ¹ , L ¹ ', L ² ' or L ³ ',

and where, when R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ have the structure (C15), one of the R ^C45 , R ^C46 , R ^C47 , R ^C48 radicals is the bond to L ² , L ⁴ or L ⁶ and another of the R ^C45 , R ^C46 , R ^C47 , R ^C48 radicals is the bond to L ³ , L ⁵ or L ⁷ , where, when R ¹ , R ¹ ', R ² ' or R ³ ' have the structure (C16), one of the R ^C49 , R ^C5 °, R ^C51 , R ^C52 radicals is the bond to L ¹ , L ¹ ', L ² ' or L ³ ',

and where, when R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ have the structure (C16), one of the R ^C49 , R ^C5 °, R ^C51 , R ^C52 , R ^C53 , R ^C54 , R ^C55 , RC56 _rac |j _ca | _s j _s the bond to L ² , L ⁴ or L ⁶ and another of the R ^C49 , R ^C5 °, R ^C51 , R ^C52 , R ^C53 , R ^C54 , R ^C55 , R ^C56 radicals is the bond to L ³ , L ⁵ or L ⁷ , where, when R ¹ , R ¹ ', R ² ' or R ³ ' have the structure (C17), one of the R ^C57 , R ^C58 , R ^C59 , R ^C6 °, R ^C61 , R ^C62 , R ^C63 radicals is the bond to L ¹ , L ¹ ', L ² ' or L ³ ',

and where, when R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ have the structure (C17), one of the R ^C57 , R ^C58 , R ^C59 , R ^C6 °, R ^C61 , R ^C62 , R ^C63 radicals is the bond to L ² , L ⁴ or L ⁶ and another of the R ^C57 , R ^C58 , R ^C59 , R ^C6 °, R ^C61 , R ^C62 , R ^C63 radicals is the bond to L ³ , L ⁵ or L ⁷ , where, when R ¹ , R ¹ ', R ² ' or R ³ ' have the structure (C18), one of the R ^C64 , R ^C65 , R ^C66 , R ^C67 radicals is the bond to L ¹ , L ¹ ', L ² ' or L ³ ',

and where, when R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ have the structure (C18), one of the R ^C64 , R ^C65 , R ^C66 , R ^C67 , R ^C68 , R ^C69 , R ^C7 °, R ^C71 radicals is the bond to L ² , L ⁴ or L ⁶ and another of the R ^C64 , R ^C65 , R ^C66 , R ^C67 , R ^C68 , R ^C69 ,

R ^C7 °, R ^C71 radicals is the bond to L ³ , L ⁵ or L ⁷ , where, when R ¹ , R ¹ ', R ² ' or R ³ ' have the structure (C19), one of the R ^C72 , R ^C73 radicals is the bond to L ¹ , L ¹ ', L ² ' or L ³ ',

and where, when R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ have the structure (C19), one of the R ^C72 , R ^C73 , R ^C74 , R ^C75 , R ^C76 , R ^C77 radicals is the bond to L ² , L ⁴ or L ⁶ and another of the R ^C72 , R ^C73 , R ^C74 , R ^C75 , R ^C76 , R ^C77 radicals is the bond to L ³ , L ⁵ or L ⁷ , where, when R ¹ , R ¹ ', R ² ' or R ³ ' have the structure (C20), one of the R ^C78 , R ^C79 , R ^C8 °, R ^C81 radicals is the bond to L ¹ , L ¹ ', L ² ' or L ³ ',

and where, when R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ have the structure (C20), one of the R ^C78 , R ^C79 , R ^C8 °, R ^C81 , R ^C82 , R ^C83 , R ^C84 , R ^C85 radicals is the bond to L ² , L ⁴ or L ⁶ and another of the R ^C78 , R ^C79 , R ^C8 °, R ^C81 , R ^C82 , R ^C83 , R ^C84 , R ^C85 radicals is the bond to L ³ , L ⁵ or L ⁷ , and where those of the R ^C11 C12 RC13 RC14 RC15 C16 RC17 RC18 RC19 RC20 C21 C22 C23 C24 p)C25 p)C26 C27 C28 C29 p)C30 p)C31 C32 C33 RC34 C36 RC37 C38 C39 RC40 C41 C42 RC43 C45 C46 C47 C48 RC49 C50 C51 RC54 C55 C56 RC57 C58 C60 C61 RC62 C63 RC64 C65 C67 C68 C69 C71 RC72 RC73 RC74 RC75 RC76 RC77 RC78 RC79 C80 C81

R ^c82 , C83^ RC84, ees _rac |j _ca | _s th _a t are not a bond to L ¹ , L ¹ ', L ² ', L ³ ', L ² , L ³ , L ⁴ , L ⁵ , L ⁶ or L ⁷ are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (halo)alkyl group, alkenyl group, alkynyl group, (halo)alkoxy group, cycloalkyl group, carbonylalkyl, -C(=0)-H, carboxylic acid, carboxamide, carboxylic ester, sulfonic ester, phosphoric ester, amine, mono(halo)alkylamino, di(halo)alkylamino, cyano, hydroxyl, halogen, preferably selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, (halo)alkyl group, (halo)alkoxy group, and where those of the R ^C35 , R ^C44 , R ^C52 , R ^C53 , R ^C59 , R ^C66 , R ^C7 ° radicals that are not a bond to L ¹ , L ¹ ', L ² ', L ³ ', L ² , L ³ , L ⁴ , L ⁵ , L ⁶ or L ⁷ are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (halo)alkyl group, alkenyl group, alkynyl group, (halo)alkoxy group, cycloalkyl group, carbonylalkyl, -C(=0)-H, carboxylic acid radical, carboxamide, carboxylic ester, cyano, hydroxyl, halogen, preferably selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, (halo)alkyl group, (halo)alkoxy group.

C.3 In a preferred embodiment of the aforementioned point C.2, what is meant in accordance with the invention in the cases in which the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' radicals or the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ radicals or the R ¹ , R ¹ ' radicals or the R ¹ radical in the structures (I), (II) and (III) in the first aspect of the invention as defined in point 1.1. a) and point I.1.b) are each a redox-active

anthraquinone/carbazole function (C) is that the R ¹ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' radicals or the R ¹ , R ¹ ' radicals or the R ¹ radical are selected from the following structures (C101), (C102), (C103), (C104), (C105), (C106), (C107), (C108), (C109), (C110), (C111), (C112), (C113), (C114), preferably from the group consisting of the following structures (C101), (C102), (C103), (C104), (C105), (C113):

(C113) (C114)

where the bond indicated by (ix ^c1 ) denotes the bond to L ¹ , L ^r , L ² ' or L ³ ', where X ^C101 , X ^C102 , x ^C105 is selected from the group consisting of O, S, and one of the structures (Y ^C11 ), (Y ^C12 ), (Y ^C13 ) defined in point C.1, where X ^C103 , X ^C104 , x ^C106 are selected from the group consisting of -O-, -S-, -NH-, -N(haloalkyl)-, - N(alkyl)-, preferably from the group consisting of -O-, -S-, -NH-, -N(alkyl)-, even more preferably from the group consisting of -O-, -S-, -NH-,

and X ^C104 , x ^C106 may also each be a direct bond, and where the R ^C101 R ^C102 R ^C1 ° ³ RCIO4 c-ios cio6 cio cios cio9 pcuo c-m RCH2 cn3 C114 C115 C116 RC117 C118 C119 C120 RC121 RC122 C123 RC124 C125 C126 RC127 C128 C129 C130 C131 C132 C133 C134 C135 C138 C139 C140 C141 RC142 C143 C145 C146

RC147 C148 C149 C150 C151 C152 C153 C154 C155 C157 C158 C159 C160 C161 C162 C163 C165 C166 C167 C168 C169 C170 RC172 C173 RC174 C176 RC177 C179 C180 C181

R ^C182 , RCI83 _^ ern RCI85 _^ RCI86 _^ RCI87 _^ RCI88 _^ RCI89, RC-I9O, RC191 _{rac|jca|s are} each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (halo)alkyl group, alkenyl group, alkynyl group, (halo)alkoxy group, cycloalkyl group, carbonylalkyl, -C(=0)-H, carboxylic acid, carboxamide, carboxylic ester, sulfonic ester, phosphoric ester, amine, mono(halo)alkylamino, di(halo)alkylamino, cyano, hydroxyl, halogen, preferably selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, (halo)alkyl group, (halo)alkoxy group, and where the R ^C136 , R ^C137 , R ^C144 , R ^C156 , R ^C164 , R ^C171 , R ^C175 , R ^C178 radicals are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (halo)alkyl group, alkenyl group, alkynyl group, (halo)alkoxy group, cycloalkyl group, carbonylalkyl, -C(=0)-H, carboxylic acid radical, carboxamide, carboxylic ester, cyano, hydroxyl, halogen, preferably selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, (halo)alkyl group, (halo)alkoxy group, and R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ are selected from the group consisting of the following structures (C201), (C202), (C203), (C204), (C205), (C206), (C207), (C208), (C209), (C210), (C211), (C212), (C213),

preferably from the group consisting of the following structures (C201), (C202), (C203), (C204), (C205) (C212):

(C210) (C211) (C212) (C213)

where the bond indicated by (xi ^C2 ) denotes the bond to L ² , L ⁴ or L ⁶ , and the bond indicated by (xii ⁰² ) denotes the bond to L ³ , L ⁵ or L ⁷ , where X ^C20 \ X ^C202 , x ^C205 is selected from the group consisting of O, S, and one of the structures (Y ^C11 ) _(Y ci ₂₎ (yds) _de fj _{ned in point} Q.1 , where X ^C203 , X ^C204 , x ^C206 are selected from the group consisting of -O-, -S-, -NH-, -N(haloalkyl)-, - N(alkyl)-, preferably from the group consisting of -O-, -S-, -NH-, -N(alkyl)-, even more preferably from the group consisting of -O-, -S-, -NH-, and X ^C204 , x ^C206 may also each be a direct bond, and where the R ^C201 R ^C202 R ^C203 RC204 C205 C206 C207 C208 C209 C210 RC211 C212 C213 RC214 C215 C216 RC217 C218 C219 C220 RC221 C222 C223 RC224 C225 C226 RC227 C228 C229 C230 C233 C234 C235 C236 C237 C238 C239 C240 RC241 RC242 C243 C244 C245 C246 RC247 C249 C250 C251 C252 C253 C254 C255 C256 C257 C258 C260 C261 C263

R ^C264 , RC265, RC266, RC267, RC268^ RC269^ RC27O, RC27I ^ RC272 _rac |j _ca | _{s are} each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (halo)alkyl group, alkenyl group, alkynyl group, (halo)alkoxy group, cycloalkyl group, carbonylalkyl, -C(=0)-H, carboxylic acid, carboxamide, carboxylic ester, sulfonic ester, phosphoric ester, amine, mono(halo)alkylamino, di(halo)alkylamino, cyano, hydroxyl, halogen, preferably selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, (halo)alkyl group, (halo)alkoxy group, and where the R ^C23 \ R ^C232 , R ^C248 , R ^C259 , R ^C262 radicals are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (halo)alkyl group, alkenyl group, alkynyl group, (halo)alkoxy group, cycloalkyl group, carbonylalkyl, -C(=0)-H, carboxylic acid radical, carboxamide, carboxylic ester, cyano, hydroxyl, halogen, preferably selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, (halo)alkyl group, (halo)alkoxy group. C.4 In a more preferred embodiment of the aforementioned point C.3, what is meant in accordance with the invention in the cases in which the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' radicals or the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ radicals or the R ¹ , R ¹ ' radicals or the R ¹ radical in the structures (I), (II) or (III) in the first aspect of the invention as defined in point 1.1. a) and point I.1.b) is in each case a redox-active

anthraquinone/carbazole function (C) is that the R ¹ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' radicals or the R ¹ , R ¹ ' radicals or the R ¹ radical are each independently selected from the group consisting of the following structures (C301), (C302), (C303), (C304), (C305), (C306), (C307):

g of hydrogen, halogen, (halo)alkyl group, (halo)alkoxy group, preferably from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl group, and are even more preferably all hydrogen, and where the bond indicated by (ix ^C3 ) in each case denotes the bond to L ¹ , L ^r , L ² ' or L ³ ', and the R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ radicals are selected from the group consisting of the structures (C401), (C402), (C403), (C404), (C405), (C406), (C407) defined below

and where the bond indicated by (xi ^C4 ) in each case denotes the bond to L ² , L ⁴ or L ⁶ ,

and where the bond indicated by (xii ^C4 ) denotes the bond to L ³ , L ⁵ or L ⁷ ,

independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, (halo)alkyl group,

(halo)alkoxy group, and more preferably from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl group, and are even more preferably all hydrogen.

C.5 In a more preferred embodiment of the aforementioned point C.4, what is meant in accordance with the invention in the cases in which the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' radicals or the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ radicals or the R ¹ , R ¹ ' radicals or the R ¹ radical in the structures (I), (II) or (III) in the first aspect of the invention as defined in point 1.1. a) and point I.1.b) are each a redox-active

anthraquinone/carbazole function (C) is that R ¹ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' radicals or the R ¹ , R ¹ ' radicals or the R ¹ radicals are selected from the group consisting of the structures (C301), (C302), (C303), (C304) defined in point C.4, and the R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ radicals are selected from the group consisting of the structures (C401), (C402), (C403), (C404) defined in point C.4, where (ix ^C3 ), (xi ^C4 ), (xii ^C4 ) and the C301 C302 C303 C304 C305 C306 C307 C308 C309 C310 C311 C312 C313 C314 C315 C316 p)C317 p)C318 C319 C320 C321 C322 C323 C324 C325 C326 C327 C328 C329 C330 C331 C332 C333 C401 C402 C403 C404 C405 C406 C407 C408 C409 C410 C411 RC412 C413 C414 C415 C416 RC417 C418 C419 C420 RC421 RC422 C423 C424 C425 C426 RC427

Re ⁴²⁸ RC429 _rac |j _ca | _s have the definition given in point C.4.

C.6 In a particularly preferred embodiment of the first aspect of the invention as defined in 1.1.b) or point C.5, the organic redox polymer P non-conjugated in the main chain which is encompassed by the electrode material in the first aspect of the invention especially comprises n ¹ mutually joined repeat units of the chemical structure (I)

where n ¹ is an integer > 4, more preferably an integer in the range of 4 to 10 ^® , more preferably an integer in the range of 10 to 10 ⁵ , more preferably an integer in the range of 100 to 10 ⁴ , where m ¹ is an integer > 0, preferably an integer in the range of 0 to 10 ^® , more preferably an integer in the range of 0 to 10 ⁵ , more preferably an integer in the range of 0 to 10 ⁴ , even more preferably an integer in the range of 0 to 10, and most preferably is in each case 0, where the repeat units of the chemical structure (I) within the polymer P are the same or at least partly different from one another, where the repeat units of the chemical structure (I) within the polymer are bonded to one another in such a way that the bond indicated by "**" in a particular repeat unit is joined by the bond indicated by "*" in the adjacent repeat unit, where X ¹ is a non-conjugated organic group which is formed by polymerization reaction from a group consisting of an organic double bond, an organic triple bond, an oxirane or an aziridine, or is a non-conjugated organic group which is formed by a polymer-analogous reaction, where Y ¹ is a non-conjugated organic spacer unit, where L ¹ , L ¹ ' are each independently selected from the group consisting of direct bond, organic linker unit, and, preferably, L ¹ is selected from the group consisting of direct bond, organic linker unit, L ¹ ' is a direct bond, where R ¹ , R ¹ ' are each independently a redox-active anthraquinone/carbazole function (C), and R ¹ ' may also be a hydrogen radical, and, preferably, R ¹ is a redox-active anthraquinone/carbazole function (C) and R ¹ ' is a hydrogen radical, and where the redox-active anthraquinone/carbazole function (C) more preferably has one of the structures (C301), (C302), (C303), (C304) defined in point C.4, even more preferably one of the structures (C301), (C302) defined in point C.4, and even more preferably still is a compound of the structure (C301) defined in point C.4, where, in the structures (C301), (C302), (C303), (C304), the R ^C301 RC302 RC303 RC304 RC305 RC306

independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, (halo)alkyl group, (halo)alkoxy group, and more preferably from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl group, and are even more preferably all hydrogen, and where the bond indicated by (ix ^C3 ) in each case denotes the bond to L ¹ or L ¹ '.

C.7 In a most preferred embodiment of the aforementioned point C.6, R ¹ ' is hydrogen and R ¹ is selected from the group consisting of the structures (C501), (C502):

(C501) (C502) even more preferably, R ¹ is a compound of the structure (C501) are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, (halo)alkyl group, (halo)alkoxy group, more preferably from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl group, and are even more preferably all hydrogen, and where the bond indicated by (ix ^C5 ) denotes the bond to L ¹ .

1.1.1.4 Redox-active dialkoxybenzene function (D) In the context of the invention, "redox-active dialkoxybenzene function" means a redox-active organic radical comprising a base skeleton derived from a phenoxy radical.

D.1 In the cases in which the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' radicals or the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ radicals or the R ¹ , R ¹ ' radicals or the R ¹ radical in the structures (I), (II) and (III) in the first aspect of the invention as defined in point 1.1. a) and point I.1.b) are in each case a redox-active dialkoxybenzene function (D), this means more particularly in accordance with the invention that the R ¹ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' or R ¹ , R ¹ ' or R ¹ radicals each independently have the following structure (D1) and the R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ radicals each independently have the following structure (D2):

(D1) (D2)

where, in the case that R ¹ = (D1), the bond indicated by (xiii ^D1 ) is the bond to L ¹ ,

where, in the case that R ¹ ' = (D1), the bond indicated by (xiii ^D1 ) is the bond to L ¹ ',

in the case that R ² ' = (D1), the bond indicated by (xiii ^D1 ) is the bond to L ² ',

in the case that R ³ ' = (D1), the bond indicated by (xiii ^D1 ) is the bond to L ³ ',

in the case that R ² = (D2), the bond indicated by (xiv ^D1 ) is the bond to L ² , and that indicated by (xv ^D1 ) is the bond to L ³ ,

in the case that R ⁴ = (D2), the bond indicated by (xiv ^D1 ) is the bond to L ⁴ , and that indicated by (xv ^D1 ) is the bond to L ⁵ ,

in the case that R ⁵ = (D2), the bond indicated by (xiv ^D1 ) is the bond to L ⁶ , and that indicated by (xv ^D1 ) is the bond to L ⁷ , and where at least two, preferably exactly two, of the A ^D1 , A ⁰² , A ⁰³ , A ⁰⁴ , A ⁰⁵ , A ⁰⁶ radicals are each independently selected from the group consisting of -0-, -S- and the others of the A ^D1 , A ⁰² , A ⁰³ , A ⁰⁴ , A ⁰⁵ , A ⁰⁶ radicals are each a direct bond, and where at least two, preferably exactly two, of the A ⁰⁷ , A ⁰⁸ , A ⁰⁹ , A ^D1 °, A ⁰¹¹ , A ⁰¹² radicals are each independently selected from the group consisting of -0-, -S- and the others of the A ⁰⁷ , A ⁰⁸ , A ^D9 , A ⁰¹⁰ , A ⁰¹¹ , A ⁰¹² radicals are each a direct bond, and where the R ^D1 , R ^D2 , R ^D3 , R ^D4 , R ^D5 , R ^D6 , R ^D7 , R ^D8 , R ^D9 radicals are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (hetero)aromatic radical, alkyl group, alkenyl group, alkynyl group, cycloalkyl group, preferably from the group consisting of hydrogen, (halo)alkyl group, cycloalkyl group, where the (hetero)aromatic radical, the alkyl group, the alkenyl group, the alkynyl group, the cycloalkyl group may each be substituted by at least one radical which is selected from the group consisting of nitro group, -NH2, -CN, -SH, -OH, halogen, and is preferably halogen, and where the alkyl group, the alkenyl group, the alkynyl group, the cycloalkyl group may have at least one group selected from the group consisting of ether, thioether, amino ether, carbonyl group, carboxylic ester, carboxamide group, sulfonic ester, phosphoric ester, preferably from the group consisting of ether, thioether, and where at least two radicals, preferably in ortho positions to one another, of the R ^D1 , R ^D2 , R ^D3 , R ^D4 , R ^D5 radicals or the R ^D6 , R ^D7 , R ^D8 , R ^D9 radicals may each also be bridged by a divalent aliphatic radical, where the aliphatic radical may be substituted by at least one group selected from the group consisting of nitro group, -NH2, -CN, -SH, -OH, halogen, alkyl group and may have at least one group selected from the group consisting of ether, thioether, amino ether, carbonyl group, carboxylic ester, carboxamide group, sulfonic ester, phosphoric ester, preferably selected from the group consisting of ether, thioether, and where the R ^D1 radical in the case that A ⁰² = direct bond, the R ^D2 radical in the case that A ⁰³ = direct bond, the R ^D3 radical in the case that A ⁰⁴ = direct bond, the R ^D4 radical in the case that A ⁰⁵ = direct bond, the R ^D5 radical in the case that A ⁰⁶ = direct bond, the R ^D6 radical in the case that A ⁰⁸ = direct bond, the R ^D7 radical in the case that A ⁰⁹ = direct bond, the R ^D8 radical in the case that A ⁰¹¹ = direct bond, the R ^D9 radical in the case that A ⁰¹² = direct bond may each independently be selected from the group consisting of nitro group, -CN, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -C(=0)NHR ^D13 , -NR ^D14 R ^D15 , -COOR ⁰¹⁶ , -COR ⁰¹⁷ , where R ⁰¹³ , R ⁰¹⁴ , R ⁰¹⁵ , R ⁰¹⁶ , R ⁰¹⁷ are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (hetero)aromatic radical, aliphatic radical optionally substituted by at least one group selected from nitro group, -NH2, -CN, -SH, -OH, halogen and optionally having at least one group selected from ether, thioether, amino ether, carbonyl group, carboxylic ester, carboxamide group, sulfonic ester, phosphoric ester.

D.2 In a preferred embodiment of the aforementioned point D.1 , what is meant in the cases in which the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' radicals or the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ radicals or the R ¹ , R ¹ ' radicals or the R ¹ radical in the structures (I), (II) and (III) in the first aspect of the invention as defined in point 1.1.a) and point 1.1 .b) are in each case a redox-active dialkoxybenzene function (D) is that the R ¹ , R ¹ , R ² , R ³ , R ¹ ', R ¹ ', R ¹ ' radicals each independently have the structure (D1) defined in point D.1 and the R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ radicals each independently have the structure (D2) defined in point D.1 , where (xiii ^D1 ), (xiv ^D1 ), (xv ^D1 ) have the meaning defined in point D.1 , and where at least two, preferably exactly two, of the A ^D1 , A ⁰² , A ⁰³ , A ⁰⁴ , A ⁰⁵ , A ⁰⁶ radicals are each - O- and the others of A ^D1 , A ⁰² , A ⁰³ , A ⁰⁴ , A ⁰⁵ , A ⁰⁶ are each a direct bond, and where at least two, preferably exactly two, of the A ⁰⁷ , A ⁰⁸ , A ⁰⁹ , A ^D1 °, A ⁰¹¹ , A ⁰¹² radicals are each -O- and the others of A ⁰⁷ , A ⁰⁸ , A ⁰⁹ , A ^D1 °, A ⁰¹¹ , A ⁰¹² are each a direct bond, and where the R ^D1 , R ^D2 , R ^D3 , R ^D4 , R ^D5 , R ^D6 , R ^D7 , R ^D8 , R ^D9 radicals are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, phenyl radical, benzyl radical, alkyl group, cycloalkyl group, where the phenyl radical, benzoyl radical, alkyl group, cycloalkyl group may each be substituted by halogen, and where the alkyl group and the cycloalkyl group may each have at least one group selected from ether, thioether, and where at least two radicals, preferably in ortho positions to one another, of the R ^D1 , R ^D2 , R ^D3 , R ^D4 , R ^D5 radicals and of the R ^D6 , R ^D7 , R ^D8 , R ^D9 radicals may each also be bridged by a divalent alkylene radical which may have at least one group selected from ether, thioether, and where the R ^D1 radical in the case that A ⁰² = direct bond, the R ^D2 radical in the case that A ⁰³ = direct bond, the R ^D3 radical in the case that A ⁰⁴ = direct bond, the R ^D4 radical in the case that A ⁰⁵ = direct bond, the R ^D5 radical in the case that A ⁰⁶ = direct bond, the R ^D6 radical in the case that A ⁰⁸ = direct bond, the R ^D7 radical in the case that A ⁰⁹ = direct bond, the R ^D8 radical in the case that A ⁰¹¹ = direct bond, the R ^D9 radical in the case that A ⁰¹² = direct bond may each independently be selected from the group consisting of nitro group, -CN, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -C(=0)NHR ^D18 , -NR ^D19 R ^D2 °, -COOR ⁰²¹ , -COR ⁰²² , where R ^D18 , R ^D19 , R ^D2 °, R ^D21 , R ^D22 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (hetero)aromatic radical, alkyl radical optionally substituted by at least one group selected from nitro group, -NH2, -CN, -SH, -OH, halogen and optionally having at least one group selected from ether, thioether.

D.3 In a preferred embodiment of the aforementioned point D.2, what is meant in the cases in which the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' radicals or the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ radicals or the R ¹ , R ¹ ' radicals or the R ¹ radical in the structures (I), (II) and (III) in the first aspect of the invention as defined in point 1.1.a) and point 1.1 b) are in each case a redox-active dialkoxybenzene function (D) is that the R ¹ , R ¹ , R ² , R ³ , R ¹ ', R ¹ ', R ¹ ' radicals each independently have the structure (D3) defined below and the

R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ radicals each independently have the structure (D4) defined below,

(D3) (D4) where, in the case that R ¹ = (D3), the bond indicated by (xiii ⁰² ) is the bond to L ¹ ,

in the case that R ¹ ' = (D3), the bond indicated by (xiii ⁰² ) is the bond to L ¹ ',

in the case that R ² ' = (D3), the bond indicated by (xiii ⁰² ) is the bond to L ² ',

in the case that R ³ ' = (D3), the bond indicated by (xiii ⁰² ) is the bond to L ³ ',

in the case that R ² = (D4), the bond indicated by (xiv ⁰² ) is the bond to L ² , and the bond indicated by

(xv ⁰² ) is the bond to L ³ ,

in the case that R ⁴ = (D4), the bond indicated by (xiv ⁰² ) is the bond to L ⁴ , and the bond indicated by (xv ⁰² ) is the bond to L ⁵ ,

in the case that R ⁵ = (D4), the bond indicated by (xiv ⁰² ) is the bond to L ⁶ , and the bond indicated by (xv ⁰² ) is the bond to L ⁷ , and where R ⁰³⁰ , R ⁰³¹ , R ⁰³² , R ⁰³³ , R ⁰³⁴ , R ⁰⁴⁰ , R ⁰⁴¹ , R ⁰⁴² , R ⁰⁴³ are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, phenyl radical, benzyl radical, (halo)alkyl group, cycloalkyl group, preferably from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl group, cycloalkyl group, and where the R ⁰³⁰ , R ⁰³¹ , R ⁰³³ , R ⁰³⁴ , R ⁰⁴⁰ , R ⁰⁴¹ , R ⁰⁴² , R ⁰⁴³ radicals may each also be hydroxyl, and where at least two radicals, preferably in ortho positions to one another, of the R ^D30 , R ^D31 , R ^D32 , R ^D33 , R ^D34 radicals and of the R ^D4 °, R ^D41 , R ^D42 , R ^D43 radicals may each also be bridged by a divalent alkylene radical which may have at least one ether. D.4 In a preferred embodiment of the aforementioned point D.3, what is meant in the cases in which the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' radicals or the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ radicals or the R ¹ , R ¹ ' radicals or the R ¹ radical in the structures (I), (II) and (III) in the first aspect of the invention as defined in point 1.1.a) and point 1.1 b) are in each case a redox-active dialkoxybenzene function (D) is that the R ¹ , R ¹ , R ² , R ³ , R ¹ ', R ¹ ', R ¹ ' radicals independently have the structure (D3) defined in point D.3 and the R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ radicals each independently have the structure (D4) defined in point D.3, where (xiii ⁰² ), (xiv ^D2 ) and (xv ^D2 ) have the definition given in point D.3, and where R ^D3 °, R ^D31 , R ^D33 , R ^D34 , R ^D4 °, R ^D41 , R ^D42 , R ^D43 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl group, cycloalkyl group, hydroxyl, and R ^D32 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl group, cycloalkyl group, and, preferably, R ^D3 °, R ^D31 , R ^D32 , R ^D33 , R ^D34 , R ^D4 °, R ^D41 , R ^D42 , R ^D43 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl group, cycloalkyl group.

D.5 In a preferred embodiment of the aforementioned point D.4, what is meant in the cases in which the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' radicals or the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ radicals or the R ¹ , R ¹ ' radicals or the R ¹ radical in the structures (I), (II) and (III) in the first aspect of the invention as defined in point 1.1.a) and point 1.1 .b) are in each case a redox-active dialkoxybenzene function (D) is that the R ¹ ,

R ¹ , R ² , R ³ , R ¹ ', R ¹ ', R ¹ ' radicals each independently have the structure (D5) specified below and the R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ radicals each independently have the structure (D6) specified below,

(D5) (D6) where, in the case that R ¹ = (D5), the bond indicated by (xiii ⁰³ ) is the bond to L ¹ , in the case that R ¹ ' = (D5), the bond indicated by (xiii ⁰³ ) is the bond to L ¹ ',

in the case that R ² ' = (D5), the bond indicated by (xiii ⁰³ ) is the bond to L ² ',

in the case that R ³ ' = (D5), the bond indicated by (xiii ⁰³ ) is the bond to L ³ ',

in the case that R ² = (D6), the bond indicated by (xiv ⁰³ ) is the bond to L ² , and the bond indicated by

(xv ⁰³ ) is the bond to L ³ ,

in the case that R ⁴ = (D6), the bond indicated by (xiv ⁰³ ) is the bond to L ⁴ , and the bond indicated by (xv ⁰³ ) is the bond to L ⁵ ,

in the case that R ⁵ = (D6), the bond indicated by (xiv ⁰³ ) is the bond to L ⁶ , and the bond indicated by (xv ⁰³ ) is the bond to L ⁷ , and where R ⁰⁵⁰ , R ⁰⁵¹ , R ⁰⁵² , R ⁰⁵³ , R ⁰⁵⁴ , R ⁰⁶⁰ , R ⁰⁶¹ , R ⁰⁶² , R ⁰⁶³ are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms.

D.6 In a preferred embodiment of the aforementioned point D.5, what is meant in the cases in which the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' radicals or the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ radicals or the R ¹ , R ¹ ' radicals or the R ¹ radical in the structures (I), (II) and (III) in the first aspect of the invention as defined in point 1.1.a) and point 1.1 .b) are in each case a redox-active dialkoxybenzene function (D) is that the R ¹ , R ¹ , R ² , R ³ , R ¹ ', R ¹ ', R ¹ ' radicals independently have the structure (D5) specified in point D.5 and R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ each independently have the structure (D6) specified in point D.5, where (xiii ⁰³ ), (xiv ⁰³ ) and (xv ⁰³ ) have the meaning defined in point D.5, and where R ⁰⁵⁰ , R ⁰⁵³ , R ⁰⁶⁰ , R ⁰⁶² are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, and R ⁰⁵⁰ , R ⁰⁵³ , R ⁰⁶⁰ , R ⁰⁶² are preferably all hydrogen, and where R ⁰⁵¹ , R ⁰⁵⁴ , R ⁰⁶¹ , R ⁰⁶³ are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably from the group consisting of alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, more preferably from the group consisting of alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, and R ⁰⁵¹ , R ⁰⁵⁴ , R ⁰⁶¹ , R ⁰⁶³ are more preferably each an alkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, and even more preferably all ferf-butyl, and where R ⁰⁵² is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably methyl.

D.7 In a particularly preferred embodiment of the first aspect of the invention as defined in 1.1.b) or point D.6, the organic redox polymer P non-conjugated in the main chain which is encompassed by the electrode material in the first aspect of the invention especially comprises n ¹ mutually joined repeat units of the chemical structure (I)

where n ¹ is an integer > 4, more preferably an integer in the range of 4 to 10 ^® , more preferably an integer in the range of 10 to 10 ⁵ , more preferably an integer in the range of 100 to 10 ⁴ , where m ¹ is an integer > 0, preferably an integer in the range of 0 to 10 ^® , more preferably an integer in the range of 0 to 10 ⁵ , more preferably an integer in the range of 0 to 10 ⁴ , even more preferably an integer in the range of 0 to 10, and most preferably is in each case 0, where the repeat units of the chemical structure (I) within the polymer P are the same or at least partly different from one another, where the repeat units of the chemical structure (I) within the polymer are bonded to one another in such a way that the bond indicated by "**" in a particular repeat unit is joined by the bond indicated by "*" in the adjacent repeat unit, where X ¹ is a non-conjugated organic group which is formed by polymerization reaction from a group consisting of an organic double bond, an organic triple bond, an oxirane or an aziridine, or is a non-conjugated organic group which is formed by a polymer-analogous reaction, where Y ¹ is a non-conjugated organic spacer unit, where L ¹ , L" are each independently selected from the group consisting of direct bond, organic linker unit, and, preferably, L ¹ is selected from the group consisting of direct bond, organic linker unit and L ¹ ' is a direct bond, where R ¹ , R ¹ ' are each independently a redox-active dialkoxybenzene function (D), and R ¹ ' may also be a hydrogen radical, and, preferably, R ¹ is a redox-active dialkoxybenzene function (D) and R ¹ ' is a hydrogen radical, and where the redox-active dialkoxybenzene function (D) more preferably has the structure (D5) defined in point D.5, in which R ^D50 , R ^D53 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, and R ^D5 °, R ^D53 are preferably both hydrogen, and in which R ^D51 , R ^D54 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably from the group consisting of alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, even more preferably from the group consisting of alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, and R ^D51 , R ^D54 are more preferably each independently an alkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, and R ^D51 , R ^D54 are more preferably both tert- butyl, and where R ^D52 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably methyl, and where the bond indicated by (xiii ⁰³ ) for R ¹ denotes the bond to L ¹ and for R ¹ ' the bond to L ¹ '. 1.1.1.5 Redox-active benzoquinone function (E)

In the context of the invention, "redox-active benzoquinone function" means a redox-active organic radical comprising a base skeleton derived from benzoquinone. E.1 In the cases in which the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' radicals or the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ radicals or the

R ¹ , R ¹ ' radicals or the R ¹ radical in the structures (I), (II) and (III) in the first aspect of the invention as defined in point 1.1. a) and point I.1.b) are in each case a redox-active benzoquinone function (E), this means more particularly in accordance with the invention that the R ¹ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' or R ¹ , R ¹ ' or R ¹ radicals are each independently selected from the following structures (E1), (E2), (E3):

(E1) (E2) (E3) and the R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ radicals are each independently selected from the group consisting of the following structures (E4), (E5), (E6), (E7), (E8), (E9):

where,

in the case that R ¹ = (E1), (E2) or (E3), the bond indicated by (xvi ^E1 ) is the bond to L ¹ ,

in the case that R ¹ ' = (E1), (E2) or (E3), the bond indicated by (xvi ^E1 ) is the bond to L ¹ ', in the case that R ² ' = (E1), (E2) or (E3), the bond indicated by (xvi ^E1 ) is the bond to L ² ', in the case that R ³ ' = (E1), (E2) or (E3), the bond indicated by (xvi ^E1 ) is the bond to L ³ ', in the case that R ² = (E4), (E5), (E6), (E7), (E8) or (E9), the bond indicated by (xvii ^E1 ) is the bond to L ² and the bond indicated by (xviii ^E1 ) is the bond to L ³ ,

in the case that R ⁴ = (E4), (E5), (E6), (E7), (E8) or (E9), the bond indicated by (xvii ^E1 ) is the bond to L ⁴ and the bond indicated by (xviii ^E1 ) is the bond to L ⁵ ,

in the case that R ⁵ = (E4), (E5), (E6), (E7), (E8) or (E9), the bond indicated by (xvii ^E1 ) is the bond to L ⁶ and the bond indicated by (xviii ^E1 ) is the bond to L ⁷ , and where the R ^E1 , R ^E2 , R ^E3 , R ^E4 , R ^E5 , R ^E6 , R ^E7 , R ^E8 , R ^E9 , R ^E1 °, R ^E11 , R ^E12 , R ^E13 , R ^E14 , R ^E15 , R ^E16 , R ^E17 , R ^E18 , R ^E19 , R ^E2 °, R ^E20 *, R ^E2 \ R ^E22 , R ^E23 , R ^E24 , R ^E25 , R ^E26 , R ^E27 , R ^E28 , R ^E29 , R ^E3 ° radicals are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -OH, -SH, nitro group, -CN, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -C(=0)NHR ^E31 , -NR ^E32 R ^E33 , -COOR ^E34 , -COR ^E35 , sulfonic ester, phosphoric ester, (hetero)aromatic radical, alkyl group, alkenyl group, alkynyl group, preferably from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl group, -OH, -NR ^E32 R ^E33 , -COOR ^E34 , -COR ^E35 , sulfonic ester, even more preferably from the group consisting of hydrogen, -OH, -COOR ^E34 , -COR ^E35 , sulfonic ester, where the (hetero)aromatic radical, the alkyl group, the alkenyl group, the alkynyl group may each be substituted by at least one group selected from nitro group, -NH2, -CN, -SH, -OH, halogen and where the alkyl group, the alkenyl group, the alkynyl group may have at least one group selected from ether, thioether, amino ether, carbonyl group, carboxylic ester, carboxamide group, sulfonic ester, phosphoric ester, and where R ^E3 \ R ^E32 , R ^E33 , R ^E34 , R ^E35 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (hetero)aromatic radical, aliphatic radical optionally substituted by at least one group selected from nitro group, -NH2, -CN, -SH, -OH, halogen and optionally having at least one group selected from ether, thioether, amino ether, carbonyl group, carboxylic ester, carboxamide group, sulfonic ester, phosphoric ester, preferably from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl group, and where two radicals in ortho positions to one another among the R ^E1 , R ^E2 , R ^E4 , R ^E5 , R ^E6 , R ^E7 , E8 E10 E11 E12 E13 E14 E15 E20 E20* E21 E22 E23 E24 E25 E27 E28 E29 E30 radicals may be bridged by a divalent aliphatic radical, preferably alkylene radical, optionally substituted by at least one group selected from the group consisting of nitro group, -NH2, -CN, -SH, -OH, halogen, alkyl group and optionally having at least one group selected from the group consisting of ether, thioether, amino ether, carbonyl group, carboxylic ester, carboxamide group, sulfonic ester, phosphoric ester.

E.2 In a preferred embodiment of the aforementioned point E.1 , what is meant in the cases in which the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' radicals or the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ radicals or the R ¹ , R ¹ ' radicals or the R ¹ radical in the structures (I), (II) and (III) in the first aspect of the invention as defined in point 1.1. a) and point 1.1 .b) are in each case a redox-active benzoquinone function (E) is that the R ¹ , R ¹ , R ² , R ³ , R ¹ ', R ¹ ', R ¹ ' radicals are each independently selected from the structures (E1), (E2), (E3) defined in point E.1 and the R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ radicals are each independently selected from the structures (E4), (E5), (E6), (E7), (E8), (E9) defined in point E.1 ,

where (xvi ^E1 ), (xvii ^E1 ), (xviii ^E1 ) have the meaning defined in point E.1 , and where the R ^E1 , R ^E2 , R ^E3 , R ^E4 , R ^E5 , R ^E6 , R ^E7 , R ^E8 , R ^E9 , R ^E1 °, R ^E1 \ R ^E12 , R ^E13 , R ^E14 , R ^E15 , R ^E16 , R ^E17 , R ^E18 , R ^E19 , R ^E2 °, R ^E20 *, R ^E2 \ R ^E22 , R ^E23 , R ^E24 , R ^E25 , R ^E26 , R ^E27 , R ^E28 , R ^E29 , R ^E3 ° radicals are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl group, -OH, -SH, -NR ^E36 R ^E37 , -COOR ^E38 , - COR ^E39 , sulfonic ester, more preferably from the group consisting of hydrogen, -OH, -COOR ^E38 , COR ^E39 , sulfonic ester, and are more preferably all hydrogen, where the alkyl group may be substituted by at least one group selected from nitro group, - NH2, -CN, -SH, -OH, halogen and may have at least one group selected from ether, thioether, amino ether, carbonyl group, carboxylic ester, carboxamide group, sulfonic ester, phosphoric ester, and where the R ^E36 , R ^E37 , R ^E38 , R ^E39 radicals are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, aliphatic radical optionally substituted by at least one group selected from nitro group, -NH2, -CN, -SH, -OH, halogen and optionally having at least one group selected from ether, thioether, amino ether, carbonyl group, carboxylic ester, carboxamide group, sulfonic acid, phosphoric ester, preferably from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl group, which is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, more preferably an alkyl group selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, / ^' so-propyl.

E.3 In a preferred embodiment of the aforementioned point E.2, what is meant in the cases in which the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' radicals or the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ radicals or the R ¹ , R ¹ ' radicals or the R ¹ radical in the structures (I), (II) and (III) in the first aspect of the invention as defined in point 1.1. a) and point 1.1 .b) are in each case a redox-active benzoquinone function (E) is that the R ¹ , R ¹ , R ² , R ³ , R ¹ ', R ¹ ', R ¹ ' radicals are each independently selected from the structures (E1), (E2), (E3) defined in point E.1 and the R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ radicals are each independently selected from the structures (E4), (E5), (E6), (E7), (E8), (E9) defined in point E.1

where (xvi ^E1 ), (xvii ^E1 ), (xviii ^E1 ) have the meaning defined in point E.1 , and where the R ^E1 , R ^E2 , R ^E3 , R ^E4 , R ^E5 , R ^E6 , R ^E7 , R ^E8 , R ^E9 , R ^E1 °, R ^E1 \ R ^E12 , R ^E13 , R ^E14 , R ^E15 , R ^E16 , R ^E17 , R ^E18 , R ^E19 , R ^E2 °, R ^E20 *, R ^E21 , R ^E22 , R ^E23 , R ^E24 , R ^E25 , R ^E26 , R ^E27 , R ^E28 , R ^E29 , R ^E3 ° radicals are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -OH, -COOR ^E4 °, -COR ^E4 \ sulfonic ester, and are more preferably all hydrogen,

and where the R ^E4 °, R ^E41 radicals are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl group, which is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, more preferably an alkyl group selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, / ^' so-propyl.

E.4 In a preferred embodiment of the aforementioned point E.3, what is meant in the cases in which the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' radicals or the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ radicals or the R ¹ , R ¹ ' radicals or the R ¹ radical in the structures (I), (II) and (III) in the first aspect of the invention as defined in point 1.1. a) and point 1.1 .b) are in each case a redox-active benzoquinone function (E) is that the R ¹ , R ¹ , R ² , R ³ , R ¹ ', R ¹ ', R ¹ ' radicals are each independently selected from the structures (E1), (E2), (E3) defined in point E.1 and the R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ radicals are each independently selected from the structures (E4), (E5), (E6), (E8), (E9) defined in point E.1 ,

where (xvi ^E1 ), (xvii ^E1 ), (xviii ^E1 ) have the meaning defined in point E.1 , and where the R ^E1 , R ^E2 , R ^E3 , R ^E4 , R ^E5 , R ^E6 , R ^E7 , R ^E8 , R ^E9 , R ^E1 °, R ^E11 , R ^E12 , R ^E13 , R ^E14 , R ^E15 , R ^E16 ,

R ^E17 , R ^E18 , R ^E19 , R ^E23 , R ^E24 , R ^E25 , R ^E26 , R ^E27 , R ^E28 , R ^E29 , R ^E3 ° radicals are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -OH, -COOR ^E5 °, -COR ^E5 \ sulfonic ester, and are more preferably all hydrogen, and where the R ^E5 °, R ^E51 radicals are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl group, which is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, more preferably an alkyl group selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, /so-propyl.

E.5 In a preferred embodiment of the aforementioned point E.4, what is meant in the cases in which the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' radicals or the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ radicals or the R ¹ , R ¹ ' radicals or the R ¹ radical in the structures (I), (II) and (III) in the first aspect of the invention as defined in point 1.1. a) and point 1.1 .b) are in each case a redox-active benzoquinone function (E) is that the R ¹ , R ¹ , R ² , R ³ , R ¹ ', R ¹ ', R ¹ ' radicals are each independently selected from the structures (E1), (E2), (E3) defined in point E.1 and the R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ radicals are each independently selected from the structures (E6), (E9) defined in point E.1 , where (xvi ^E1 ), (xvii ^E1 ), (xviii ^E1 ) have the meaning defined in point E.1 , and where, in (E9), the two bonds indicated by (xvii ^E1 ) and (xviii ^E1 ) are preferably in para position to one another, and where the R ^E1 , R ^E2 , R ^E3 , R ^E4 , R ^E5 , R ^E6 , R ^E7 , R ^E8 , R ^E9 , R ^E1 °, R ^E11 , R ^E12 , R ^E13 , R ^E18 , R ^E19 , R ^E27 ,

R ^E28 , R ^E29 , R ^E3 °, R ^E23 , R ^E24 radicals are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -OH, - COOR ^E6 °, -COR ^E6 \ sulfonic ester, and are more preferably all hydrogen, and where the R ^E6 °, R ^E61 radicals are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl group, which is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, more preferably an alkyl group selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, /so-propyl.

E.6 In a particularly preferred embodiment of the first aspect of the invention as defined in I.1.b), the organic redox polymer P non-conjugated in the main chain which is encompassed by the electrode material in the first aspect of the invention especially comprises n ¹ mutually joined repeat units of the chemical structure (I) where n ¹ is an integer > 4, more preferably an integer in the range of 4 to 10 ^® , more preferably an integer in the range of 10 to 10 ⁵ , more preferably an integer in the range of 100 to 10 ⁴ , where m ¹ is an integer > 0, preferably an integer in the range of 0 to 10 ^® , more preferably an integer in the range of 0 to 10 ⁵ , more preferably an integer in the range of 0 to 10 ⁴ , even more preferably an integer in the range of 0 to 10, and most preferably is in each case 0, where the repeat units of the chemical structure (I) within the polymer P are the same or at least partly different from one another, where the repeat units of the chemical structure (I) within the polymer are bonded to one another in such a way that the bond indicated by "**" in a particular repeat unit is joined by the bond indicated by "*" in the adjacent repeat unit, where X ¹ is a non-conjugated organic group which is formed by polymerization reaction from a group consisting of an organic double bond, an organic triple bond, an oxirane or an aziridine, or is a non-conjugated organic group which is formed by a polymer-analogous reaction, where Y ¹ is a non-conjugated organic spacer unit, where L ¹ , L" are each independently selected from the group consisting of direct bond, organic linker unit, and, preferably, L ¹ is selected from the group consisting of direct bond, organic linker unit and L ¹ ' is a direct bond, where R ¹ , R ¹ ' are each independently a redox-active benzoquinone function (E), and R ¹ ' may also be a hydrogen radical, and, preferably, R ¹ is a redox-active benzoquinone function (E) and R ¹ ' is a hydrogen radical, and where the redox-active benzoquinone function (E) more preferably has one of the structures (E1), (E2), (E3) shown in point E.1 , where, in the case that R ¹ = (E1), (E2) or (E3), the bond indicated by (xvi ^E1 ) is the bond to L ¹ , and, in the case that R ¹ ’ = (E1), (E2) or (E3), the bond indicated by (xvi ^E1 ) is the bond to L ¹ ’, and where the R ^E1 , R ^E2 , R ^E3 , R ^E4 , R ^E5 , R ^E6 , R ^E7 , R ^E8 , R ^E9 , R ^E1 °, R ^E11 , R ^E12 , R ^E13 radicals are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -OH, -COOR ^E7 °, -COR ^E7 \ sulfonic ester, and are more preferably all hydrogen, and where the R ^E7 °, R ^E71 radicals are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl group, which is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, more preferably an alkyl group selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, /so-propyl.

1.1.1.6 Redox-active triphenylamine function (G¾

In the context of the invention, "redox-active triphenylamine function" means a redox-active organic radical comprising a base skeleton derived from triphenylamine.

G.1 In the cases in which the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' radicals or the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ radicals or the R ¹ , R ¹ ' radicals or the R ¹ radical in the structures (I), (II) and (III) in the first aspect of the invention as defined in point 1.1. a) and point I.1.b) are in each case a redox-active triphenylamine function (G), this means more particularly in accordance with the invention that the R ¹ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' or R ¹ , R ¹ ' or R ¹ radicals each independently have the following structure (G1) and the R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ radicals are each independently selected from the group consisting of the following structures (G2), (G3):

where,

in the case that R ¹ = (G1), the bond indicated by (xix ^G1 ) is the bond to L ¹ ,

in the case that R ¹ ' = (G1), the bond indicated by (xix ^G1 ) is the bond to L ¹ ',

in the case that R ² ' = (G1), the bond indicated by (xix ^G1 ) is the bond to L ² ', in the case that R ³ ' = (G1), the bond indicated by (xix ^G1 ) is the bond to L ³ ',

in the case that R ² = (G2) or (G3), the bond indicated by (xx ^G1 ) is the bond to L ² and the bond indicated by (xxi ^G1 ) is the bond to L ³ ,

in the case that R ⁴ = (G2) or (G3), the bond indicated by (xx ^G1 ) is the bond to L ⁴ and the bond indicated by (xxi ^G1 ) is the bond to L ⁵ ,

in the case that R ⁵ = (G2) or (G3), the bond indicated by (xx ^G1 ) is the bond to L ⁶ and the bond indicated by (xxi ^G1 ) is the bond to L ⁷ , where the R ^G1 , R ^G2 , R ^G3 , R ^G4 , R ^G5 , R ^G6 , R ^G7 , R ^G8 , R ^G9 , R ^G1 °, R ^G11 , R ^G12 , R ^G13 , R ^G14 , R ^G15 , R ^G16 , R ^G17 , G18 p)G19 p)G20 G21 G22 RG23 RG24 RG25 RG26 RG27 RG28 RG29 G30 G31 RG32 G33 RG34

RG35 _J RG36 RG37 RG38 RG39 RG4O _rac |j _ca | _{s are} each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (halo)alkyl group, alkenyl group, alkynyl group, (halo)alkoxy group, cycloalkyl group, carbonylalkyl, -C(=0)-H, carboxylic acid, carboxamide, carboxylic ester, sulfonic ester, phosphoric ester, amine, mono(halo)alkylamino, di(halo)alkylamino, cyano, hydroxyl, halogen, (hetero)aromatic radical, where the (hetero)aromatic radical may be substituted by at least one group selected from halogen, (halo)alkyl, (halo)alkoxy, cyano, carboxylic ester, preferably from the group consisting of hydrogen, (halo)alkyl group, (halo)alkoxy group,

(halo)cycloalkyl group, cyano, carboxylic ester, thiophene, preferably from the group consisting of hydrogen, cyano, alkyl group, more preferably from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkoxy group, cyano, where, even more preferably, the R ¹ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' or R ¹ , R ¹ ' or R ¹ radicals each independently have the structure (G1) and the R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ radicals each independently have the structure (G2), where the R ^G7 , R ^G12 , R ^G2 °, R ^G25 radicals are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkoxy, cyano, alkyl group and the R ^G1 , R ^G2 , R ^G3 , R ^G4 , R ^G5 , R ^G6 , R ^G8 , R ^G9 , R ^G1 °, R ^G11 , R ^G13 , R ^G14 , R ^G15 , R ^G16 , R ^G17 , R ^G18 , R ^G19 , R ⁶²¹ , R ^G22 , R ^G23 , R ^G24 , R ^G26 , R ^G27 radicals are each hydrogen.

G.2 In a particularly preferred embodiment of the first aspect of the invention as defined in I.1.b), the organic redox polymer P non-conjugated in the main chain which is encompassed by the electrode material in the first aspect of the invention especially comprises n ¹ mutually joined repeat units of the chemical structure (I) where n ¹ is an integer > 4, more preferably an integer in the range of 4 to 10 ^® , more preferably an integer in the range of 10 to 10 ⁵ , more preferably an integer in the range of 100 to 10 ⁴ , where m ¹ is an integer > 0, preferably an integer in the range of 0 to 10 ^® , more preferably an integer in the range of 0 to 10 ⁵ , more preferably an integer in the range of 0 to 10 ⁴ , even more preferably an integer in the range of 0 to 10, and most preferably is in each case 0, where the repeat units of the chemical structure (I) within the polymer P are the same or at least partly different from one another, where the repeat units of the chemical structure (I) within the polymer are bonded to one another in such a way that the bond indicated by "**" in a particular repeat unit is joined by the bond indicated by "*" in the adjacent repeat unit, where X ¹ is a non-conjugated organic group which is formed by polymerization reaction from a group consisting of an organic double bond, an organic triple bond, an oxirane or an aziridine, or is a non-conjugated organic group which is formed by a polymer-analogous reaction, where Y ¹ is a non-conjugated organic spacer unit, where L ¹ , L" are each independently selected from the group consisting of direct bond, organic linker unit, and, preferably, L ¹ is selected from the group consisting of direct bond, organic linker unit and L ¹ ' is a direct bond, where R ¹ , R ¹ ' are each independently a redox-active triphenylamine function (G), and R ¹ ' may also be a hydrogen radical, and, preferably, R ¹ is a redox-active triphenylamine function (G) and R ¹ ' is a hydrogen radical, and where the redox-active triphenylamine function (G) more preferably has the structure (G1) defined in point G.1 , in which the R ^G1 , R ^G2 , R ^G3 , R ^G4 , R ^G5 , R ^G6 , R ^G7 , R ^G8 , R ^G9 , R ^G1 °, R ^G11 , R ^G12 , R ^G13 , R ^G14 radicals are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (halo)alkyl group, alkenyl group, alkynyl group, (halo)alkoxy group, cycloalkyl group, carbonylalkyl, -C(=0)-H, carboxylic acid, carboxamide, carboxylic ester, sulfonic ester, phosphoric ester, amine, mono(halo)alkylamino, di(halo)alkylamino, cyano, hydroxyl, halogen, (hetero)aromatic radical, where the (hetero)aromatic radical may be substituted by at least one group selected from halogen, (halo)alkyl, (halo)alkoxy, cyano, carboxylic ester, preferably from the group consisting of hydrogen, (halo)alkyl group, (halo)alkoxy group,

(halo)cycloalkyl group, cyano, carboxylic ester, thiophene, more preferably from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl group, cyano, alkoxy group, and, more preferably, the R ^G7 , R ^G12 radicals are each independently selected from the group consisting of alkoxy, cyano, hydrogen, alkyl group, and the R ^G1 , R ^G2 , R ^G3 , R ^G4 , R ^G5 , R ^G6 , R ^G8 , R ^G9 , R ^G10 , R ^G11 , R ^G13 , R ^G14 radicals are each hydrogen, and where, in the case that R ¹ = (G1), the bond indicated by (xix ^G1 ) is the bond to L ¹ ,

in the case that R ¹ ' = (G1), the bond indicated by (xix ^G1 ) is the bond to L ¹ '.

G.3 In a preferred embodiment of the aforementioned point G., the redox-active triphenylamine function (G) is selected from the structures (G4), (G5), (G6)

R ^G74 , R ^G75 , R ^G76 , R ^G77 , R ^G78 , R ^G79 , R ^G8 °, R ^G81 , R ^G82 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (halo)alkyl group, alkenyl group, alkynyl group, (halo)alkoxy group, cycloalkyl group, carbonylalkyl, -C(=0)-H, carboxylic acid, carboxamide, carboxylic ester, sulfonic ester, phosphoric ester, amine, mono(halo)alkylamino, di(halo)alkylamino, cyano, hydroxyl, halogen, (hetero)aromatic radical, where the (hetero)aromatic radical may be substituted by at least one group selected from halogen, (halo)alkyl, (halo)alkoxy, cyano, carboxylic ester, preferably from the group consisting of hydrogen, (halo)alkyl group, (halo)alkoxy group,

(halo)cycloalkyl group, cyano, carboxylic ester, thiophene, more preferably from the group consisting of hydrogen, cyano, alkyl group, alkoxy group, and are even more preferably all hydrogen, even more preferably, the R ^G47 , R ^G52 , R ^G61 , R ^G66 , R ^G75 , R ^G80 radicals are each independently selected from the group consisting of alkoxy, cyano, hydrogen, alkyl group, and R ^G41 , R ^G42 , R ^G43 ,

hydrogen, and where the bond indicated by (xix ^G2 ) in each case is the bond to L ¹ . G.4 In a preferred embodiment of the aforementioned point G.3, the redox active triphenylamine function (G) has the structure (G4) defined in point G.3 where the R ^G41 , R ^G42 , R ^G43 , R ^G44 , R ^G45 , R ^G46 , R ^G47 , R ^G48 , R ^G49 , R ^G5 °, R ^G51 , R ^G52 , R ^G53 , R ^G54 radicals are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (halo)alkyl group, alkenyl group, alkynyl group, (halo)alkoxy group, cycloalkyl group, carbonylalkyl, -C(=0)-H, carboxylic acid, carboxamide, carboxylic ester, sulfonic ester, phosphoric ester, amine, mono(halo)alkylamino, di(halo)alkylamino, cyano, hydroxyl, halogen, (hetero)aromatic radical, where the (hetero)aromatic radical may be substituted by at least one group selected from halogen, (halo)alkyl, (halo)alkoxy, cyano, carboxylic ester, preferably from the group consisting of hydrogen, (halo)alkyl group, (halo)alkoxy group,

(halo)cycloalkyl group, cyano, carboxylic ester, thiophene, more preferably from the group consisting of hydrogen, cyano, alkyl group, alkoxy group, and are even more preferably all hydrogen, even more preferably, the R ^G47 , R ^G52 radicals are each independently selected from the group consisting of alkoxy, cyano, hydrogen, alkyl group, and the R ^G41 , R ^G42 , R ^G43 , R ^G44 , R ^G45 , R ^G46 , R ^G48 , R ^G49 , R ^G5 °, R ^G51 , R ^G53 , R ^G54 radicals are each hydrogen, and where the bond indicated by (xix ^G2 ) in each case is the bond to L ¹ . 1.1.1.7 Redox-active violoqen function (H)

In the context of the invention, "redox-active viologen function" means a redox-active organic radical comprising a base skeleton derived from viologen.

H.1 In the cases in which the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' radicals or the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ radicals or the R ¹ , R ¹ ' radicals or the R ¹ radical in the structures (I), (II) and (III) in the first aspect of the invention as defined in point 1.1. a) and point I.1.b) are in each case a redox-active viologen function (H), this means more particularly in accordance with the invention that the R ¹ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' or R ¹ , R ¹ ' or R ¹ radicals are each independently selected from the group consisting of the structures (H1), (H2),

and the R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ radicals are each independently selected from the group consisting of the structures (H3), (H4), (H5), (H6), (H7)

wherein,

in the case that R ¹ = (H1) or (H2), the bond indicated by (xxii ^H1 ) is the bond to L ¹ ,

in the case that R ¹ ' = (H1) or (H2), the bond indicated by (xxii ^H1 ) is the bond to L ¹ ',

in the case that R ² ' = (H1) or (H2), the bond indicated by (xxii ^H1 ) is the bond to L ² ',

in the case that R ³ ' = (H1) or (H2), the bond indicated by (xxii ^H1 ) is the bond to L ³ ',

in the case that R ² = (H3), (H4), (H5), (H6) or (H7), the bond indicated by (xxiii ^H1 ) is the bond to L ² and the bond indicated by (xxiv ^H1 ) is the bond to L ³ ,

in the case that R ⁴ = (H3), (H4), (H5), (H6) or (H7), the bond indicated by (xxiii ^H1 ) is the bond to L ⁴ and the bond indicated by (xxiv ^H1 ) is the bond to L ⁵ ,

in the case that R ⁵ = (H3), (H4), (H5), (H6) or (H7), the bond indicated by (xxiii ^H1 ) is the bond to L ⁶ and the bond indicated by (xxiv ^H1 ) is the bond to L ⁷ , and where the R ^H1 , R ^H2 , R ^H3 , R ^H4 , R ^H6 , R ^H7 , R ^H8 , R ^H9 , R ^H11 , R ^H12 , R ^H13 , R ^H15 , R ^H16 , R ^H17 , R ^H18 , R ^H2 °,

are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (halo)alkyl group, alkenyl group, alkynyl group, (halo)alkoxy group, cycloalkyl group, carbonylalkyl, -C(=0)-H, carboxylic acid, carboxamide, carboxylic ester, sulfonic ester, phosphoric ester, amine, mono(halo)alkylamino, di(halo)alkylamino, cyano, hydroxyl, halogen, preferably selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (halo)alkyl, halogen, and are more preferably all hydrogen, and where the R ^H5 , R ^H1 °, R ^H14 , R ^H19 , R ^H23 , R ^H31 , R ^H42 , R ^H46 , R ^H5 ° radicals are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (halo)alkyl group, alkenyl group, alkynyl group, (halo)alkoxy group, cycloalkyl group, carbonylalkyl, preferably from the group consisting of hydrogen, (halo)alkyl, halogen, and are more preferably all hydrogen, and where the X ^H1 , X ^H2 , X ^H3 , X ^H4 , X ^H5 , X ^H6 , X ^H7 radicals are each independently selected from the group consisting of direct bond, divalent conjugated aliphatic radical, divalent conjugated

(hetero)aromatic radical, preferably from direct bond, divalent (hetero)aromatic radical, more preferably from the group consisting of direct bond, phenylene, and are more preferably each a direct bond.

H.2 In a preferred embodiment of the aforementioned point H.1 , what is meant in the cases in which the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ’ radicals or the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ radicals or the R ¹ , R ¹ ' radicals or the R ¹ radical in the structures (I), (II) and (III) in the first aspect of the invention as defined in point 1.1.a) and point 1.1.b) are each a redox-active viologen function (H) is that the R ¹ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' or R ¹ ,

R ¹ ' or R ¹ radicals each independently have the structure (H1) defined in point H.1 with the meanings of X ^H1 , R ^H1 , R ^H2 , R ^H3 , R ^H4 , R ^H5 , R ^H6 , R ^H7 , R ^H8 , R ^H9 defined in point H.1 , and R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ each independently have the structure (H7) defined in point H.1 with the meanings X ^H7 , R ^H51 , R ^H52 , R ^H53 , RH54, RH55, RH56, RH57, RH58 specified IP point H.1.

H.3 In a particularly preferred embodiment of the first aspect of the invention as defined in I.1.b), the organic redox polymer P non-conjugated in the main chain which is encompassed by the electrode material in the first aspect of the invention especially comprises n ¹ mutually joined repeat units of the chemical structure (I) where n ¹ is an integer > 4, more preferably an integer in the range of 4 to 10 ^® , more preferably an integer in the range of 10 to 10 ⁵ , more preferably an integer in the range of 100 to 10 ⁴ , where m ¹ is an integer > 0, preferably an integer in the range of 0 to 10 ^® , more preferably an integer in the range of 0 to 10 ⁵ , more preferably an integer in the range of 0 to 10 ⁴ , even more preferably an integer in the range of 0 to 10, and most preferably is in each case 0, where the repeat units of the chemical structure (I) within the polymer P are the same or at least partly different from one another, where the repeat units of the chemical structure (I) within the polymer are bonded to one another in such a way that the bond indicated by "**" in a particular repeat unit is joined by the bond indicated by "*" in the adjacent repeat unit, where X ¹ is a non-conjugated organic group which is formed by polymerization reaction from a group consisting of an organic double bond, an organic triple bond, an oxirane or an aziridine, or is a non-conjugated organic group which is formed by a polymer-analogous reaction, where Y ¹ is a non-conjugated organic spacer unit, where L ¹ , L" are each independently selected from the group consisting of direct bond, organic linker unit, and, preferably, L ¹ is selected from the group consisting of direct bond, organic linker unit and L ¹ ' is a direct bond, where R ¹ , R ¹ ' are each independently a redox-active viologen function (H), and R ¹ ' may also be a hydrogen radical, and, preferably, R ¹ is a redox-active viologen function (H) and R ¹ ' is a hydrogen radical, and where the redox-active viologen function (H) more preferably has the structure (H1) shown in point H.1 , where R ^H1 , R ^H2 , R ^H3 , R ^H4 , R ^H5 , R ^H6 , R ^H7 , R ^H8 , R ^H9 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (halo)alkyl group, alkenyl group, alkynyl group, (halo)alkoxy group, cycloalkyl group, carbonylalkyl, -C(=0)-H, carboxylic acid, carboxamide, carboxylic ester, sulfonic ester, phosphoric ester, amine, mono(halo)alkylamino, di(halo)alkylamino, cyano, hydroxyl, halogen, preferably from the group consisting of hydrogen, (halo)alkyl, halogen, and are more preferably all hydrogen, and where the X ^H1 radical is selected from the group consisting of direct bond, divalent conjugated aliphatic radical, divalent conjugated (hetero)aromatic radical, preferably from the group consisting of direct bond, divalent (hetero)aromatic radical, more preferably from the group consisting of direct bond, phenylene, and is more preferably a direct bond, and where,

in the case that R ¹ = (H1), the bond indicated by (xxii ^H1 ) is the bond to L ¹ ,

in the case that R ¹ ' = (H1), the bond indicated by (xxii ^H1 ) is the bond to L ¹ ’.

I.1.1.8 Redox-active ferrocene function (J)

In the context of the invention, "redox-active ferrocene function" means a redox-active organic radical comprising a base skeleton derived from ferrocene.

J.1 In the cases in which the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' radicals or the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ radicals or the R ¹ , R ¹ ' radicals or the R ¹ radical in the structures (I), (II) and (III) in the first aspect of the invention as defined in point 1.1.a) and point 1.1.b) are in each case a redox-active ferrocene function (J), this means more particularly in accordance with the invention that the R ¹ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' or R ¹ , R ¹ ' or R ¹ radicals each independently have the following structure (J1) and the R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ radicals are each independently selected from the group consisting of the following structures (J2), (J3), (J4):

where,

in the case that R ¹ = (J1), the bond indicated by (xxv ^J1 ) is the bond to L ¹ ,

in the case that R ¹ ' = (J1), the bond indicated by (xxv ^J1 ) is the bond to L ¹ ',

in the case that R ² ' = (J1). the bond indicated by (xxv ^J1 ) is the bond to L ² ',

in the case that R ³ ' = (J1). the bond indicated by (xxv ^J1 ) is the bond to L ³ ',

in the case that R ² = (J2), (J3) or (J4), the bond indicated by (xxvi ^J1 ) is the bond to L ² and the bond indicated by (xxvii ^J1 ) is the bond to L ³ ,

in the case that R ⁴ = (J2), (J3) or (J4), the bond indicated by (xxvi ^J1 ) is the bond to L ⁴ and the bond indicated by (xxvii ^J1 ) is the bond to L ⁵ ,

in the case that R ⁵ = (J2), (J3) or (J4), the bond indicated by (xxvi ^J1 ) is the bond to L ⁶ and the bond indicated by (xxvii ^J1 ) is the bond to L ⁷ , and where the R ^J1 , R ^J2 , R ^J3 , R ^J4 , R ^J5 , R ^J6 , R ^J7 , R ^J8 , R ^J9 , R ^J1 °, R ^J11 , R ^J12 , R ^J13 , R ^J14 , R ^J15 , R ^J16 , R ^J17 _; J18 J19 RJ ²⁰ R ^J 21 RJ22 J23 J24 J25 J26 J27 J28 J29 J30 p^J31 J32 J33 ra(jjQa|s are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (halo)alkyl group, alkenyl group, alkynyl group, (halo)alkoxy group, cycloalkyl group, carbonylalkyl, -C(=0)-H, carboxylic acid, carboxamide, carboxylic ester, sulfonic ester, phosphoric ester, amine, mono(halo)alkylamino, di(halo)alkylamino, cyano, hydroxyl, halogen, more preferably from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl group, which is preferably methyl, and are especially preferably all hydrogen.

J.2 In a particularly preferred embodiment of the first aspect of the invention as defined in 1.1.b), the organic redox polymer P non-conjugated in the main chain which is encompassed by the electrode material in the first aspect of the invention especially comprises n ¹ mutually joined repeat units of the chemical structure (I)

where n ¹ is an integer > 4, more preferably an integer in the range of 4 to 10 ^® , more preferably an integer in the range of 10 to 10 ⁵ , more preferably an integer in the range of 100 to 10 ⁴ , where m ¹ is an integer > 0, preferably an integer in the range of 0 to 10 ^® , more preferably an integer in the range of 0 to 10 ⁵ , more preferably an integer in the range of 0 to 10 ⁴ , even more preferably an integer in the range from 0 to 10, and most preferably is in each case 0, where the repeat units of the chemical structure (I) within the polymer P are the same or at least partly different from one another, where the repeat units of the chemical structure (I) within the polymer are bonded to one another in such a way that the bond indicated by "**" in a particular repeat unit is joined by the bond indicated by "*" in the adjacent repeat unit, where X ¹ is a non-conjugated organic group which is formed by polymerization reaction from a group consisting of an organic double bond, an organic triple bond, an oxirane or an aziridine, or is a non-conjugated organic group which is formed by a polymer-analogous reaction, where Y ¹ is a non-conjugated organic spacer unit, where L ¹ , L ¹ ' are each independently selected from the group consisting of direct bond, organic linker unit, and, preferably, L ¹ is selected from the group consisting of direct bond, organic linker unit and L ¹ ' is a direct bond, where R ¹ , R ¹ ' are each independently a redox-active ferrocene function (J), and R ¹ ' may also be a hydrogen radical, and, preferably, R ¹ is a redox-active ferrocene function (J) and R ¹ ' is a hydrogen radical, and where the redox-active ferrocene function (J) more preferably has the structure (J1) defined in point J.1 , where the R ^J1 , R ^J2 , R ^J3 , R ^J4 , R ^J5 , R ^J6 , R ^J7 , R ^J8 , R ^J9 radicals are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (halo)alkyl group, alkenyl group, alkynyl group, (halo)alkoxy group, cycloalkyl group, carbonylalkyl, -C(=0)-H, carboxylic acid, carboxamide, carboxylic ester, sulfonic ester, phosphoric ester, amine, mono(halo)alkylamino, di(halo)alkylamino, cyano, hydroxyl, halogen, preferably from the group consisting of hydrogen, (halo)alkyl group, more preferably from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl group, which is preferably methyl, and are especially preferably all hydrogen, and where,

in the case that R ¹ = (J1), the bond indicated by (xxv ^J1 ) is the bond to L ¹ ,

and, in the case that R ¹ ' = (J1). the bond indicated by (xxv ^J1 ) is the bond to L ¹ '. 1.1.2 Linker units

L ¹ , L ² , L ³ , L ⁴ , L ⁵ , L ⁶ , L ⁷ , L ¹ ', L ² ', L ³ ' or L ¹ , L ¹ ', in the first aspect of the invention as defined in point 1.1. a) or point I.1.b), in the structures (I), (II) and (III), are each independently selected from the group consisting of direct bond, organic linker unit. Organic linker units of this kind are not subject to any further restriction and are known to those skilled in the art.

In the cases in which L ¹ , L ² , L ³ , L ⁴ , L ⁵ , L ⁶ , L ⁷ , L ¹ ', L ² ', L ³ ' or L ¹ , L ¹ ', in the first aspect of the invention as defined in point 1.1. a) or point I.1.b), in the structures (I), (II) and (III), are each an organic linker unit, this means more particularly in accordance with the invention that L ¹ , L ² , L ³ , L ⁴ , L ⁵ , L ⁶ , L ⁷ , L ¹ ', L ² ', L ³ ' or L ¹ , L ¹ ' in that case are each independently selected from the group consisting of (L11),

(1-12): where p1 , p2, p3 are each 0 or 1 , excluding the case that“p2 = 0, p1 = p3 = 1”, where q1 , q2, q3 are each 0 or 1 , excluding the case that“q2 = 0, q1 = q3 = 1”,

where q4, q5, q6 are each 0 or 1 , where at least one of q4, q5, q6 = 1 and excluding the case that

“q5 = 0, q4 = q6 = 1”, where X ^L2 , Y ^L2 , Y ^L5 are each independently selected from the group consisting of O, S, where X ^L1 , X ^L3 , Y ^L1 , Y ^L3 , Y ^L4 , Y ^L6 are each independently selected from the group consisting of O,

S, NH, N[(halo)alkyl], where B ^L1 is selected from the group consisting of divalent (hetero)aromatic radical, divalent aliphatic radical optionally substituted by at least one group selected from nitro group, -NH2, -CN, - SH, -OH, halogen and optionally having at least one group selected from ether, thioether, amino ether, carbonyl group, carboxylic ester, carboxamide group, sulfonic ester, phosphoric ester, and where, in the cases in which L ¹ , L ² , L ³ , L ⁴ , L ⁵ , L ⁶ , L ⁷ , L ¹ ', L ² ' or L ³ ' binds to a non-carbon atom in the respective redox-active R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ¹ ', R ² ' or R ³ ' group, for the structure (L11) the additional condition is applicable that“q3 = 0, q2 = 1 , q1 = 1 or q3 = q2 = q1 = 0 or q3 = 0, q2 = 1 , q1 = 0”, preferably the condition that“q3 = q2 = q1 = 0”, and for the structure (L12) the additional condition is applicable that“q6 = 0, q5 = 1 , q4 = 1 or q6 = 0, q5 = 1 , q4 = 0”, and where“4” for L ¹ denotes the bond pointing toward R ¹ , for L ¹ ' denotes the bond pointing toward R ¹ ', for L ² denotes the bond pointing toward R ² , for L ² ' denotes the bond pointing toward R ² ', for L ³ denotes the bond pointing toward R ² , for L ³ ' denotes the bond pointing toward R ³ ', for L ⁴ denotes the bond pointing toward R ⁴ , for L ⁵ denotes the bond pointing toward R ⁴ , for L ⁶ denotes the bond pointing toward R ⁵ , for L ⁷ denotes the bond pointing toward R ⁵ , for L ¹ denotes the bond pointing toward X ¹ , for L ¹ ' denotes the bond pointing toward X ¹ ', for L ² denotes the bond pointing toward X ² , for L ² ' denotes the bond pointing toward X ² ', for L ³ denotes the bond pointing toward X ³ , for L ³ ' denotes the bond pointing toward X ³ ', for L ⁴ denotes the bond pointing toward X ⁴ , for L ⁵ denotes the bond pointing toward X ⁵ , for L ⁶ denotes the bond pointing toward X ⁴ , for L ⁷ denotes the bond pointing toward X ⁵ .

The condition "where at least one of q4, q5, q6 = 1 " relates here merely to the definition of the respective variables in the structure (L12), and is not intended to rule out the possibility that L ¹ , L ² , L ³ , L ⁴ , L ⁵ , L ⁶ , L ⁷ , L ¹ ', L ² ', L ³ ’ may each also be direct bonds. 1.1.2.1 Preferred linker units in redox-active aromatic imide functions (A)

LA.1 In a preferred embodiment, in the first aspect of the present invention, in the cases in which the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ’ radicals or the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ radicals or the R ¹ , R ¹ ' radicals or the R ¹ radical in the structures (I), (II) and (III) in the first aspect of the invention as defined in point 1.1.a) and point 1.1.b) are each a redox-active aromatic imide function (A), and especially in the cases in which the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' radicals or the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ radicals or the R ¹ , R ¹ ' radicals or the R ¹ radical have the structures defined in the above point A.1 , more preferably A.2, even more preferably A.3, even more preferably still A.4, and also in the case in which the organic redox polymer P non-conjugated in the main chain, in the first aspect of the invention, comprises a structure as defined in point A.5,

L ¹ , L ² , L ³ , L ⁴ , L ⁵ , L ⁶ , L ⁷ , L ¹ ', L ² ', L ³ ' in that case are preferably selected from the group consisting of direct bond, (LA11), (LA12)

where pA1 , pA2, pA3 are each 0 or 1 , excluding the case that“pA2 = 0, pA1 = pA3 = 1”, where qA1 , qA2, qA3 are each 0 or 1 , excluding the case that“qA2 = 0, qA1 = qA3 = 1”, where qA4, qA5, qA6 are each 0 or 1 , where at least one of qA4, qA5, qA6 = 1 and where the case that“qA5 = 0, qA4 = qA6 = 1” is excluded, where X ^LA2 , Y ^LA2 , Y ^LA5 are each independently selected from the group consisting of O, S, where X ^LA1 , X ^LA3 , Y ^LA1 , Y ^LA3 , Y ^LM , Y ^LA6 are each independently selected from the group consisting of O, S, NH, N[(halo)alkyl], where B ^LA1 is selected from the group consisting of

divalent (hetero)aromatic radical,

divalent aliphatic radical optionally substituted by at least one group selected from nitro group, -NH2, -CN, -SH, -OH, halogen and optionally having at least one group selected from ether, thioether, amino ether, carbonyl group, carboxylic ester, carboxamide group, sulfonic ester, phosphoric ester, and where, in the cases in which L ¹ , L ² , L ³ , L ⁴ , L ⁵ , L ⁶ , L ⁷ , L ¹ ', L ² ', L ³ ' binds to a non-carbon atom in the respective redox-active R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' group, for the structure (LA11) the additional condition is applicable that“qA3 = 0, qA2 = 1 , qA1 = 1 or qA3 = qA2 = qA1 = 0 or qA3 = 0, qA2 = 1 , qA1 = 0”, preferably the condition that“qA3 = qA2 = qA1 = 0”, and for the structure (LA12) the additional condition is applicable that“qA6 = 0, qA5 = 1 , qA4 = 1 or qA6 = 0, qA5 = 1 , qA4 = 0”, and where“4” for L ¹ denotes the bond pointing toward R ¹ , for L ¹ ' denotes the bond pointing toward R ¹ ', for L ² denotes the bond pointing toward R ² , for L ² ' denotes the bond pointing toward R ² ', for L ³ denotes the bond pointing toward R ² , for L ³ ' denotes the bond pointing toward R ³ ', for L ⁴ denotes the bond pointing toward R ⁴ , for L ⁵ denotes the bond pointing toward R ⁴ , for L ⁶ denotes the bond pointing toward R ⁵ , for L ⁷ denotes the bond pointing toward R ⁵ , for L ¹ denotes the bond pointing toward X ¹ , for L ¹ ' denotes the bond pointing toward X ¹ ', for L ² denotes the bond pointing toward X ² , for L ² ' denotes the bond pointing toward X ² ', for L ³ denotes the bond pointing toward X ³ , for L ³ ' denotes the bond pointing toward X ³ ', for L ⁴ denotes the bond pointing toward X ⁴ , for L ⁵ denotes the bond pointing toward X ⁵ , for L ⁶ denotes the bond pointing toward X ⁴ , for L ⁷ denotes the bond pointing toward X ⁵ .

The condition "where at least one of qA4, qA5, qA6 = 1 " relates here merely to the definition of the respective variables in the structure (LA12), and is not intended to rule out the possibility that L ¹ ,

L ² , L ³ , L ⁴ , L ⁵ , L ⁶ , L ⁷ , L ¹ ', L ² ', L ³ ’ may each also be direct bonds.

LA.2 In a preferred embodiment of the aforementioned point LA.1 , X ^LA2 , Y ^LA2 , Y ^LA5 are each independently selected from the group consisting of O, S, preferably O, and X ^LA1 , X ^LA3 , Y ^LA1 , Y ^LA3 , Y ^LM , Y ^LA6 are each independently selected from the group consisting of O, S, NH, N(alkyl), preferably from the group consisting of O, S, and B ^LA1 is selected from the group consisting of benzylene, phenylene, divalent anthraquinone radical, divalent alkylene radical optionally having at least one group selected from ether, thioether. LA.3 In a preferred embodiment of the aforementioned point LA.2, L ¹ , L ² , L ³ , L ⁴ , L ⁵ , L ⁶ , L ⁷ , L ¹ ', L ² ',

L ³ ' are each independently selected from the group consisting of direct bond, benzylene, phenylene, divalent anthraquinone radical, alkylene radical, which is preferably a methylene radical, *-C(=0)-4, *-(NR ^LA3 )-B ^LA2 -4, where, in the cases in which L ¹ , L ² , L ³ , L ⁴ , L ⁵ , L ⁶ , L ⁷ , L ¹ ', L ² ', L ³ ' binds to a carbon atom in the respective redox-active R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' group, the linker units L ¹ , L ² , L ³ , L ⁴ , L ⁵ , L ⁶ , L ⁷ , L ¹ ', L ² ', L ³ ' may also be selected from the group consisting of

*-0-4, *-(NR ^LA3 )-B ^LA2 -(NR ^LM )-4, *-B ^LA2 -(NR ^lm )-4 where R ^LA3 , R ^LM are each independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, and are preferably both hydrogen, and B ^LA2 is an alkylene radical optionally having ether groups, and where, more preferably, L ¹ , L ² , L ³ , L ⁴ , L ⁵ , L ⁶ , L ⁷ , L ¹ ', L ² ', L ³ ' are each independently selected from the group consisting of direct bond, *-C(=0)-4, methylene radical,

and where“4” and have the definition given in point LA.1. 1.1.2.2 Preferred linker units for redox-active organic functions comprising at least one stable oxygen radical (B)

LB.1 In a preferred embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, in the cases in which the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ’ radicals or the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ radicals or the R ¹ , R ¹ ' radicals or the R ¹ radical in the structures (I), (II) and (III) in the first aspect of the invention as defined in point 1.1.a) and point I.1.b) are each a redox-active organic function comprising at least one stable oxygen radical (B), and especially in the cases in which the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' radicals or the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ radicals or the R ¹ , R ¹ ' radicals or the R ¹ radical have the structures defined in the above point B.1 , more preferably B.2, and also in the case in which the organic redox polymer P non- conjugated in the main chain, in the first aspect of the invention, comprises a structure as defined in point B.3,

L ¹ , L ² , L ³ , L ⁴ , L ⁵ , L ⁶ , L ⁷ , L ¹ ', L ² ', L ³ ' in that case are preferably selected from the group consisting of direct bond, (LB11), (LB12)

where pB1 , pB2, pB3 are each 0 or 1 , excluding the case that“pB2 = 0, pB1 = pB3 = 1”, where qB1 , qB2, qB3 are each 0 or 1 , excluding the case that“qB2 = 0, qB1 = qB3 = 1”, where qB4, qB5, qB6 are each 0 or 1 , where at least one of qB4, qB5, qB6 = 1 and where the case that“qB5 = 0, qB4 = qB6 = 1” is excluded, where X ^LB2 , Y ^LB2 , Y ^LB5 are each independently selected from the group consisting of O, S, where X ^LB1 , X ^LB3 , Y ^LB1 , Y ^LB3 , Y ^LB4 , Y ^LB6 are each independently selected from the group consisting of O, S, NH, N[(halo)alkyl],

where B ^LB1 is selected from the group consisting of

divalent (hetero)aromatic radical,

divalent aliphatic radical optionally substituted by at least one group selected from nitro group, -NH2, -CN, -SH, -OH, halogen and optionally having at least one group selected from ether, thioether, amino ether, carbonyl group, carboxylic ester, carboxamide group, sulfonic ester, phosphoric ester, and where, in the cases in which L ¹ , L ² , L ³ , L ⁴ , L ⁵ , L ⁶ , L ⁷ , L ¹ ', L ² ', L ³ ' binds to a non-carbon atom in the respective redox-active R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' group, for the structure (LB11) the additional condition is applicable that“qB3 = 0, qB2 = 1 , qB1 = 1 or qB3 = qB2 = qB1 = 0 or qB3 = 0, qB2 = 1 , qB1 = 0”, preferably the condition that“qB3 = qB2 = qB1 = 0”, and for the structure (LB12) the additional condition is applicable that“qB6 = 0, qB5 = 1 , qB4 = 1 or qB6 = 0, qB5 = 1 , qB4 = 0”, and where“4” for L ¹ denotes the bond pointing toward R ¹ , for L ¹ ' denotes the bond pointing toward R ¹ ', for L ² denotes the bond pointing toward R ² , for L ² ' denotes the bond pointing toward R ² ', for L ³ denotes the bond pointing toward R ² , for L ³ ' denotes the bond pointing toward R ³ ', for L ⁴ denotes the bond pointing toward R ⁴ , for L ⁵ denotes the bond pointing toward R ⁴ , for L ⁶ denotes the bond pointing toward R ⁵ , for L ⁷ denotes the bond pointing toward R ⁵ , for L ¹ denotes the bond pointing toward X ¹ , for L ¹ ' denotes the bond pointing toward X ¹ ', for L ² denotes the bond pointing toward X ² , for L ² ' denotes the bond pointing toward X ² ', for L ³ denotes the bond pointing toward X ³ , for L ³ ' denotes the bond pointing toward X ³ ', for L ⁴ denotes the bond pointing toward X ⁴ , for L ⁵ denotes the bond pointing toward X ⁵ , for L ⁶ denotes the bond pointing toward X ⁴ , for L ⁷ denotes the bond pointing toward X ⁵ .

The condition "where at least one of qB4, qB5, qB6 = 1 " relates here merely to the definition of the respective variables in the structure (LB12), and is not intended to rule out the possibility that L ¹ ,

L ² , L ³ , L ⁴ , L ⁵ , L ⁶ , L ⁷ , L ¹ ', L ² ', L ³ ’ may each also be direct bonds.

LB.2 In a preferred embodiment of the aforementioned point LB.1 , X ^LB2 , Y ^LB2 , Y ^LB5 are each O, and X ^LB1 , cΐ_B3 gΐ_Bΐ gΐ_B3 gΐ_B4 gΐ_B6 _{are eac} h independently selected from the group consisting of O, NH, N(alkyl), preferably O, and B ^LA2 is a divalent alkylene radical optionally having at least one ether group.

LB.3 In a preferred embodiment of the aforementioned point LB.2, L ¹ , L ² , L ³ , L ⁴ , L ⁵ , L ⁶ , L ⁷ , L ¹ ', L ² ', L ³ ' are selected from the group consisting of

direct bond, alkylene radical which is preferably methylene,

phenylene, *-C(=0)-4, *-0-C(=0)-4, *-(NH)-C(=0)-4, *-(Nalkyl)-C(=0)-4,

an alkylene radical that has ether groups and is preferably a radical of the formula 4- (CH2CH20)mi_B-i-* with ITI ^lb1 = 1-1000, preferably m ^LB1 = 1-10, or a radical of the formula

4-(CH ₂ 0)mLB2-* with m ^LB2 = 1-1000, preferably m ^LB2 = 1-10, and, in the cases in which L ¹ , L ² , L ³ , L ⁴ , L ⁵ , L ⁶ , L ⁷ , L ¹ ', L ² ', L ³ ' binds to a carbon in the respective redox-active R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' group, L ¹ , L ² , L ³ , L ⁴ , L ⁵ , L ⁶ , L ⁷ , L ¹ ', L ² ', L ³ ' may also be selected from the group consisting of *-C(=0)-0-4, *-C(=0)-(NH)-4, *-C(=0)-(Nalkyl)-4, *-0-4, *- (CH ₂ CH ₂ 0)m _LB3 -4 with m ^LB3 = 1-1000, preferably m ^LB3 = 1-10,

*-(CH ₂ 0)m _LB4 -4 with m ^LB4 = 1-1000, preferably m ^LB4 = 1-10,

particular preference being given to *-C(=0)-0-4, especially when R ¹ , R ¹ ' are a compound of the structure (B111),

have the definition given in point LB.1. 1.1.2.3 Preferred linker units for redox-active anthraquinone/carbazole function (C¾

LC.1 In a more preferred embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, in the cases in which the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ’ radicals or the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ radicals or the R ¹ , R ¹ ' radicals or the R ¹ radical in the structures (I), (II) and (III) in the first aspect of the invention as defined in point 1.1. a) and point I.1.b) are each a redox-active anthraquinone/carbazole function (C), and especially in the cases in which the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' radicals or the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ radicals or the R ¹ , R ¹ ' radicals or the R ¹ radical have the structures defined in the above point C.1 , preferably C.2, more preferably C.3, even more preferably C.4, even more preferably still C.5, and also in the case in which the organic redox polymer P non-conjugated in the main chain, in the first aspect of the invention, comprises a structure as defined in point C.6, preferably C.7,

L ¹ , L ² , L ³ , L ⁴ , L ⁵ , L ⁶ , L ⁷ , L ¹ ', L ² ', L ³ ' in that case are preferably selected from the group consisting of direct bond, (LC11), (LC12) where pC1 , pC2, pC3 are each 0 or 1 , excluding the case that“pC2 = 0, pC1 = pC3 = 1”, where qC1 , qC2, qC3 are each 0 or 1 , excluding the case that“qC2 = 0, qC1 = qC3 = 1”, where qC4, qC5, qC6 are each 0 or 1 , where at least one of qC4, qC5, qC6 = 1 and where the case that“qC5 = 0, qC4 = qC6 = 1” is excluded,

where X ^LC2 , Y ^LC2 , Y ^LC5 are each independently selected from the group consisting of O, S, where X ^LC1 , X ^LC3 , Y ^LC1 , Y ^LC3 , Y ^LC4 , Y ^LC6 are each independently selected from the group consisting of O, S, NH, N[(halo)alkyl], where B ^LC1 is selected from the group consisting of

divalent (hetero)aromatic radical,

divalent aliphatic radical optionally substituted by at least one group selected from nitro group, -NH2, -CN, -SH, -OH, halogen and optionally having at least one group selected from ether, thioether, amino ether, carbonyl group, carboxylic ester, carboxamide group, sulfonic ester, phosphoric ester, and where, in the cases in which L ¹ , L ² , L ³ , L ⁴ , L ⁵ , L ⁶ , L ⁷ , L ¹ ', L ² ', L ³ ' binds to a non-carbon atom in the respective redox-active R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' group, for the structure (LC11) the additional condition is applicable that“qC3 = 0, qC2 = 1 , qC1 = 1 or qC3 = qC2 = qC1 = 0 or qC3 = 0, qC2 =

1 , qC1 = 0”, preferably the condition that“qC3 = qC2 = qC1 = 0”, and for the structure (LC12) the additional condition is applicable that“qC6 = 0, qC5 = 1 , qC4 = 1 or qC6 = 0, qC5 = 1 , qC4 = 0”, and where“4” for L ¹ denotes the bond pointing toward R ¹ , for L ¹ ' denotes the bond pointing toward R ¹ ', for L ² denotes the bond pointing toward R ² , for L ² ' denotes the bond pointing toward R ² ', for L ³ denotes the bond pointing toward R ² , for L ³ ' denotes the bond pointing toward R ³ ', for L ⁴ denotes the bond pointing toward R ⁴ , for L ⁵ denotes the bond pointing toward R ⁴ , for L ⁶ denotes the bond pointing toward R ⁵ , for L ⁷ denotes the bond pointing toward R ⁵ , for L ¹ denotes the bond pointing toward X ¹ , for L ¹ ' denotes the bond pointing toward X ¹ ', for L ² denotes the bond pointing toward X ² , for L ² ' denotes the bond pointing toward X ² ', for L ³ denotes the bond pointing toward X ³ , for L ³ ' denotes the bond pointing toward X ³ ', for L ⁴ denotes the bond pointing toward X ⁴ , for L ⁵ denotes the bond pointing toward X ⁵ , for L ⁶ denotes the bond pointing toward X ⁴ , for L ⁷ denotes the bond pointing toward X ⁵ .

The condition "where at least one of qC4, qC5, qC6 = 1" relates here merely to the definition of the respective variables in the structure (LC12), and is not intended to rule out the possibility that L ¹ ,

L ² , L ³ , L ⁴ , L ⁵ , L ⁶ , L ⁷ , L ¹ ', L ² ', L ³ ’ may each also be direct bonds.

LC.2 In a preferred embodiment of the aforementioned point LC.1 , X ^LC2 , Y ^LC2 , Y ^LC5 are each O, and X ^LCI c ^ΐ _ ⁰³ yLci yi_c ³ yL ^C 4 yL ^C6 _{are eac} h independently selected from the group consisting of O, NH, N(alkyl), preferably O, and B ^LC1 is a divalent alkylene radical optionally having at least one ether group.

LC.3 In a preferred embodiment of the aforementioned point LC.2, L ¹ , L ² , L ³ , L ⁴ , L ⁵ , L ⁶ , L ⁷ , L ¹ ', L ² ',

L ³ ' are selected from the group consisting of direct bond, alkylene radical, which is preferably methylene, phenylene, *-C(=0)-4, *-0-C(=0)-4, *-(NH)-C(=0)-4, *-(Nalkyl)-C(=0)-4,

an alkylene radical that has ether groups and is preferably a radical of the formula 4- (CH2CH20)mi_c-i-* with m ^LC1 = integer from 2 to 1000, preferably 3 to 500, more preferably 10 to 100, and where, in the cases in which L ¹ , L ² , L ³ , L ⁴ , L ⁵ , L ⁶ , L ⁷ , L ¹ ', L ² ', L ³ ' binds to a carbon atom in the respective redox-active R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' group, the linker units L ¹ , L ² , L ³ , L ⁴ , L ⁵ , L ⁶ , L ⁷ , L ¹ ', L ² ', L ³ ' may also be selected from *-(CH ₂ CH ₂ 0)mi_c ₂ -4 with m ^LC2 = integer from 2 to 1000, preferably 3 to 500, more preferably 10 to 100, *-C(=0)-0-4,*-C(=0)-(NH)-4, *-C(=0)-(Nalkyl)-4, *-0-4, particular preference being given to direct bond, especially when R ¹ , R ¹ ' are a compound of the structure (C501) or (C502), have the definition given in point LC.1. 1.1.2.4 Preferred linker units for redox-active dialkoxybenzene function (D)

LD.1 In a more preferred embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, in the cases in which the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ’ radicals or the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ radicals or the R ¹ , R ¹ ' radicals or the R ¹ radical in the structures (I), (II) and (III) in the first aspect of the invention as defined in point 1.1.a) and point 1.1.b) are each a redox-active phenoxy compound (D), and especially in the cases in which the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' radicals or the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ radicals or the R ¹ , R ¹ ' radicals or the R ¹ radical have the structures defined in the above point D.1 , preferably D.2, more preferably D.3, even more preferably D.4, yet more preferably D.5, even more preferably still D.6, and also in the case in which the polymer P, in the first aspect of the invention, comprises a structure as defined in point D.7,

L ¹ , L ² , L ³ , L ⁴ , L ⁵ , L ⁶ , L ⁷ , L ¹ ', L ² ', L ³ ' in that case are preferably selected from the group consisting of direct bond, (LD11), (LD12) where pD1 , pD2, pD3 are each 0 or 1 , excluding the case that“pD2 = 0, pD1 = pD3 = 1”, where qD1 , qD2, qD3 are each 0 or 1 , excluding the case that“qD2 = 0, qD1 = qD3 = 1”, where qD4, qD5, qD6 are each 0 or 1 , where at least one of qD4, qD5, qD6 = 1 and where the case II that“qD5 = 0, qD4 = qD6 = 1” is excluded, where X ^LD2 , Y ^LD2 , Y ^LD5 are each independently selected from the group consisting of O, S, where X ^LD1 , X ^LD3 , Y ^LD1 , Y ^LD3 , Y ^LD4 , Y ^LD6 are each independently selected from the group consisting of O, S, NH, N[(halo)alkyl], where B ^LD1 is selected from the group consisting of

divalent (hetero)aromatic radical,

divalent aliphatic radical optionally substituted by at least one group selected from nitro group, -NH2, -CN, -SH, -OH, halogen and optionally having at least one group selected from ether, thioether, amino ether, carbonyl group, carboxylic ester, carboxamide group, sulfonic ester, phosphoric ester, and where, in the cases in which L ¹ , L ² , L ³ , L ⁴ , L ⁵ , L ⁶ , L ⁷ , L ¹ ', L ² ', L ³ ' binds to a non-carbon atom in the respective redox-active R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' group, for the structure (LD11) the additional condition is applicable that“qD3 = 0, qD2 = 1 , qD1 = 1 or qD3 = qD2 = qD1 = 0 or qD3 = 0, qD2 =

1 , qD1 = 0”, preferably the condition that“qD3 = qD2 = qD1 = 0”, and for the structure (LD12) the additional condition is applicable that“qD6 = 0, qD5 = 1 , qD4 = 1 or qD6 = 0, qD5 = 1 , qD4 = 0”, and where“4” for L ¹ denotes the bond pointing toward R ¹ , for L ¹ ' denotes the bond pointing toward R ¹ ', for L ² denotes the bond pointing toward R ² , for L ² ' denotes the bond pointing toward R ² ', for L ³ denotes the bond pointing toward R ² , for L ³ ' denotes the bond pointing toward R ³ ', for L ⁴ denotes the bond pointing toward R ⁴ , for L ⁵ denotes the bond pointing toward R ⁴ , for L ⁶ denotes the bond pointing toward R ⁵ , for L ⁷ denotes the bond pointing toward R ⁵ , for L ¹ denotes the bond pointing toward X ¹ , for L ¹ ' denotes the bond pointing toward X ¹ ', for L ² denotes the bond pointing toward X ² , for L ² ' denotes the bond pointing toward X ² ', for L ³ denotes the bond pointing toward X ³ , for L ³ ' denotes the bond pointing toward X ³ ', for L ⁴ denotes the bond pointing toward X ⁴ , for L ⁵ denotes the bond pointing toward X ⁵ , for L ⁶ denotes the bond pointing toward X ⁴ , for L ⁷ denotes the bond pointing toward X ⁵ .

The condition "where at least one of qD4, qD5, qD6 = 1 " relates here merely to the definition of the respective variables in the structure (LD12), and is not intended to rule out the possibility that L ¹ ,

L ² , L ³ , L ⁴ , L ⁵ , L ⁶ , L ⁷ , L ¹ ', L ² ', L ³ ’ may each also be direct bonds.

LD.2 In a preferred embodiment of the aforementioned point LD.1 , X ^LD2 , Y ^LD2 , Y ^LD5 are each O, and X ^LD1 , X ^LD3 , Y ^LD1 , Y ^LD3 , Y ^LD4 , Y ^LD6 are each independently selected from the group consisting of O, NH, N(alkyl), preferably O, and B ^LD1 is selected from the group consisting of divalent

(hetero)aromatic radical, divalent aliphatic radical optionally substituted by at least one group selected from nitro group, -NH2, -CN, -SH, -OH, halogen and optionally having at least one group selected from ether, thioether, amino ether, carbonyl group, carboxylic ester, carboxamide group, sulfonic acid, phosphoric ester.

LD.3 In a more preferred embodiment of the aforementioned point LD.2, L ¹ , L ² , L ³ , L ⁴ , L ⁵ , L ⁶ , L ⁷ , L ¹ ', L ² ', L ³ ' are selected from the group consisting of direct bond, alkylene radical, which is preferably methylene, phenylene, benzylene, *-C(=0)- , *-0-C(=0)- , *-(NH)-C(=0)- , *-(Nalkyl)-C(=0)- , alkylene radical having at least one group selected from ether, carbonyl group, carboxylic ester, carboxamide group,

*-[X ^LD4 ]pD4-[C(=0)]pD5-[X ^LD5 ]pD6-B ^LD4 -[X ^LD6 ]qD6-[C(=0)]qD7-* where X ^LD4 , X ^LD5 , X ^LD6 are independently selected from the group consisting of O, S, NH, Nalkyl, N(haloalkyl), preferably O,

and where pD4, PDS, PD6 are each 0 or 1 , excluding the case that“PDS = 0, pD4 = PD6 = 1”, and where qD6, qD7 are each 0 or 1 , excluding the case that“qD7 = 0, qD6 = 1”, and where B ^LD4 is an alkylene group that may have ether groups and/or carbonyl groups, preferably an alkylene group, and is more preferably selected from the group consisting of methylene group, ethylene group, n-propylene group, n-butylene group, n-pentylene group, n-hexylene group, have the definition given in point LD.1. LD.4 In an even more preferred embodiment of the aforementioned point LD.3, L ¹ , L ² , L ³ , L ⁴ , L ⁵ , L ⁶ , L ⁷ , L ¹ ', L ² ', L ³ ' are selected from the group consisting of direct bond, alkylene radical, which is preferably methylene, phenylene, benzylene, *-C(=0)-4, *-0-C(=0)-4, *-(NH)-C(=0)-4, «-(Nalkyl)- G(— 0)-4, alkylene radical having at least one group selected from ether, carbonyl group, carboxylic ester, carboxamide group, or *-0-C(=0)-B ^LD5 -4, and is most preferably selected from the group consisting of direct bond, methylene, *-0-C(=0)-B ^LD5 -4, phenylene, where B ^LD5 is an alkylene group, preferably a methylene group, ethylene group, propylene group, butylene group, pentylene group, hexylene group, and is most preferably selected from the group consisting of methylene, ethylene, propylene, have the definition given in point LD.1.

1.1.2.5 Preferred linker units for redox-active benzoquinone function (E)

LE.1 In an even more preferred embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, in the cases in which the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ’ radicals or the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ radicals or the R ¹ , R ¹ ' radicals or the R ¹ radical in the structures (I), (II) and (III) in the first aspect of the invention as defined in point 1.1. a) and point I.1.b) are each a redox-active benzoquinone function (E), and especially in the cases in which the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' radicals or the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ radicals or the R ¹ , R ¹ ' radicals or the R ¹ radical have the structures defined in the above point E.1 , preferably E.2, more preferably E.3, even more preferably E.4, even more preferably still E.5, and also in the case in which the organic redox polymer P non-conjugated in the main chain, in the first aspect of the invention, comprises a structure as defined in point E.6,

L ¹ , L ² , L ³ , L ⁴ , L ⁵ , L ⁶ , L ⁷ , L ¹ ', L ² ', L ³ ' in that case are preferably selected from the group consisting of direct bond, (LE11), (LE12)

where pE1 , pE2, pE3 are each 0 or 1 , excluding the case that“pE2 = 0, pE1 = pE3 = 1”, where qE1 , qE2, qE3 are each 0 or 1 , excluding the case that“qE2 = 0, qE1 = qE3 = 1”, where qE4, qE5, qE6 are each 0 or 1 , where at least one of qE4, qE5, qE6 = 1 and where the case that“qE5 = 0, qE4 = qE6 = 1” is excluded,

where X ^LE2 , Y ^LE2 , Y ^LE5 are each independently selected from the group consisting of O, S, where X ^LE1 , X ^LE3 , Y ^LE1 , Y ^LE3 , Y ^LE4 , Y ^LE6 are each independently selected from the group consisting of O, S, NH, N[(halo)alkyl],

where B ^LE1 is selected from the group consisting of

divalent (hetero)aromatic radical,

divalent aliphatic radical optionally substituted by at least one group selected from nitro group, -NH2, -CN, -SH, -OH, halogen and optionally having at least one group selected from ether, thioether, amino ether, carbonyl group, carboxylic ester, carboxamide group, sulfonic ester, phosphoric ester,

and where, in the cases in which L ¹ , L ² , L ³ , L ⁴ , L ⁵ , L ⁶ , L ⁷ , L ¹ ', L ² ', L ³ ' binds to a non-carbon atom in the respective redox-active R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' group, for the structure (LE11) the additional condition is applicable that“qE3 = 0, qE2 = 1 , qE1 = 1 or qE3 = qE2 = qE1 = 0 or qE3 = 0, qE2 = 1 , qE1 = 0”, preferably the condition that“qE3 = qE2 = qE1 = 0”, and for the structure (LE12) the additional condition is applicable that“qE6 = 0, qE5 = 1 , qE4 = 1 or qE6 = 0, qE5 = 1 , qE4 = 0”, and where 4 for L ¹ denotes the bond pointing toward R ¹ , for L ¹ ' denotes the bond pointing toward R ¹ ', for L ² denotes the bond pointing toward R ² , for L ² ' denotes the bond pointing toward R ² ', for L ³ denotes the bond pointing toward R ² , for L ³ ' denotes the bond pointing toward R ³ ', for L ⁴ denotes the bond pointing toward R ⁴ , for L ⁵ denotes the bond pointing toward R ⁴ , for L ⁶ denotes the bond pointing toward R ⁵ , for L ⁷ denotes the bond pointing toward R ⁵ , for L ¹ denotes the bond pointing toward X ¹ , for L ¹ ' denotes the bond pointing toward X ¹ ', for L ² denotes the bond pointing toward X ² , for L ² ' denotes the bond pointing toward X ² ', for L ³ denotes the bond pointing toward X ³ , for L ³ ' denotes the bond pointing toward X ³ ', for L ⁴ denotes the bond pointing toward X ⁴ , for L ⁵ denotes the bond pointing toward X ⁵ , for L ⁶ denotes the bond pointing toward X ⁴ , for L ⁷ denotes the bond pointing toward X ⁵ .

The condition "where at least one of qE4, qE5, qE6 = 1 " relates here merely to the definition of the respective variables in the structure (LE12), and is not intended to rule out the possibility that L ¹ ,

L ² , L ³ , L ⁴ , L ⁵ , L ⁶ , L ⁷ , L ¹ ', L ² ', L ³ ’ may each also be direct bonds. LE.2 In a preferred embodiment of the aforementioned point LE.1 , X ^LE2 , Y ^LE2 , Y ^LE5 are each O and X ^LE1 , X ^LE3 , Y ^LE1 , Y ^LE3 , Y ^LE4 , Y ^LE6 are each independently selected from the group consisting of O, NH, N(alkyl), preferably O, and B ^LE1 is a divalent alkylene radical optionally having at least one ether group. LE.3 In a more preferred embodiment of the aforementioned point LE.2, L ¹ , L ² , L ³ , L ⁴ , L ⁵ , L ⁶ , L ⁷ , L ¹ ', L ² ', L ³ ' are selected from the group consisting of direct bond, alkylene radical, which is preferably methylene, phenylene, *-C(=0)-4, *-0-C(=0)-4, *-(NH)-C(=0)-4, *-(Nalkyl)-C(=0)-4,

an alkylene radical that has ether groups and is preferably a radical of the formula 4- (CH2CH20)mi_E-i-* with ITI ^le1 = integer from 2 to 1000, preferably 3 to 500, more preferably 10 to 100, and where, in the cases in which L ¹ , L ² , L ³ , L ⁴ , L ⁵ , L ⁶ , L ⁷ , L ¹ ', L ² ', L ³ ' binds to a carbon in the respective redox-active R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' group, L ¹ , L ² , L ³ , L ⁴ , L ⁵ , L ⁶ , L ⁷ , L ¹ ', L ² ', L ³ ' may also be selected from *-(CH2CH20)mi_E2- with m ^LE2 = integer from 2 to 1000, preferably 3 to 500, more preferably 10 to 100, *-C(=0)-0-4, *-C(=0)-(NH)-4, *-C(=0)-(Nalkyl)-4, *-0-4, *-S-4, have the definition given in point LE.1.

1.1.2.6 Preferred linker units for redox-active triphenylamine function (G¾

LG.1 In an even more preferred embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, in the cases in which the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ’ radicals or the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ radicals or the R ¹ , R ¹ ' radicals or the R ¹ radical in the structures (I), (II) and (III) in the first aspect of the invention as defined in point 1.1. a) and point I.1.b) are each a redox-active triphenylamine function (G), and especially in the cases in which the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' radicals or the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ radicals or the R ¹ , R ¹ ' radicals or the R ¹ radical have the structures defined in the above point G.1 , and also in the case in which the organic redox polymer P non-conjugated in the main chain, in the first aspect of the invention, comprises a structure as defined in point G.2, preferably G.3, more preferably G.4,

L ¹ , L ² , L ³ , L ⁴ , L ⁵ , L ⁶ , L ⁷ , L ¹ ', L ² ', L ³ ' in that case are preferably selected from the group consisting of direct bond, (LG11), (LG12)

where pG1 , pG2, pG3 are each 0 or 1 , excluding the case that“pG2 = 0, pG1 = pG3 = 1”, where qG1 , qG2, qG3 are each 0 or 1 , excluding the case that“qG2 = 0, qG1 = qG3 = 1”, where qG4, qG5, qG6 are each 0 or 1 , where at least one of qG4, qG5, qG6 = 1 and where the case that“qG5 = 0, qG4 = qG6 = 1” is excluded, where X ^LG2 , Y ^LG2 , Y ^LG5 are each independently selected from the group consisting of O, S, where X ^LG1 , X ^LG3 , Y ^LG1 , Y ^LG3 , Y ^LG4 , Y ^LG6 are each independently selected from the group consisting of O, S, NH, N[(halo)alkyl], where B ^LG1 is selected from the group consisting of

divalent (hetero)aromatic radical,

divalent aliphatic radical optionally substituted by at least one group selected from nitro group, -NH2, -CN, -SH, -OH, halogen and optionally having at least one group selected from ether, thioether, amino ether, carbonyl group, carboxylic ester, carboxamide group, sulfonic ester, phosphoric ester,

and where, in the cases in which L ¹ , L ² , L ³ , L ⁴ , L ⁵ , L ⁶ , L ⁷ , L ¹ ', L ² ', L ³ ' binds to a non-carbon atom in the respective redox-active R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' group, for the structure (LG11) the additional condition is applicable that“qG3 = 0, qG2 = 1 , qG1 = 1 or qG3 = qG2 = qG1 = 0 or qG3 = 0, qG2 = 1 , qG1 = 0”, preferably the condition that“qG3 = qG2 = qG1 = 0”, and for the structure (LG12) the additional condition is applicable that“qG6 = 0, qG5 = 1 , qG4 = 1 or qG6 = 0, qG5 = 1 , qG4 = 0”, and where 4 for L ¹ denotes the bond pointing toward R ¹ , for L ¹ ' denotes the bond pointing toward R ¹ ', for L ² denotes the bond pointing toward R ² , for L ² ' denotes the bond pointing toward R ² ', for L ³ denotes the bond pointing toward R ² , for L ³ ' denotes the bond pointing toward R ³ ', for L ⁴ denotes the bond pointing toward R ⁴ , for L ⁵ denotes the bond pointing toward R ⁴ , for L ⁶ denotes the bond pointing toward R ⁵ , for L ⁷ denotes the bond pointing toward R ⁵ , for L ¹ denotes the bond pointing toward X ¹ , for L ¹ ' denotes the bond pointing toward X ¹ ', for L ² denotes the bond pointing toward X ² , for L ² ' denotes the bond pointing toward X ² ', for L ³ denotes the bond pointing toward X ³ , for L ³ ' denotes the bond pointing toward X ³ ', for L ⁴ denotes the bond pointing toward X ⁴ , for L ⁵ denotes the bond pointing toward X ⁵ , for L ⁶ denotes the bond pointing toward X ⁴ , for L ⁷ denotes the bond pointing toward X ⁵ .

The condition "where at least one of qG4, qG5, qG6 = 1 " relates here merely to the definition of the respective variables in the structure (LG12), and is not intended to rule out the possibility that L ¹ , L ² , L ³ , L ⁴ , L ⁵ , L ⁶ , L ⁷ , L ¹ ', L ² ', L ³ ’ may each also be direct bonds.

LG.2 In a preferred embodiment of the aforementioned point LG.1 , X ^LG2 , Y ^LG2 , Y ^LG5 are each O and X ^LG1 , X ^LG3 , Y ^LG1 , Y ^LG3 , Y ^LG4 , Y ^LG6 are each independently selected from the group consisting of O, NH, N(alkyl), preferably O and B ^LG1 is selected from the group consisting of a divalent alkylene radical optionally having at least one ether group, divalent (hetero)aromatic radical. LG.3 In a more preferred embodiment of the aforementioned point LG.2, L ¹ , L ² , L ³ , L ⁴ , L ⁵ , L ⁶ , L ⁷ , L ¹ ', |_2' |_3> _{are se|ec} t _ec| f _r0 m the group consisting of direct bond, alkylene radical, which is preferably methylene, phenylene, *-C(=0)-4, *-0-C(=0)-4, *-(NH)-C(=0)-4, *-(Nalkyl)-C(=0)-4, alkylene radical having at least one group selected from ether, carbonyl group, carboxylic ester, carboxamide group,

*-[X ^LG4 ]pG4-[C(=0)]pG5-[X ^LG5 ]pG6-B ^LG4 -[X ^LG6 ]qG6-[C(=0)]qG7- where X ^LG4 , X ^LG5 , X ^LG6 are each independently selected from the group consisting of O, S, NH, Nalkyl, N(haloalkyl), preferably O,

and where pG4, PGS, PG6 are each 0 or 1 , excluding the case that“PGS = 0, pG4 = PG6 = 1”, and where qG6, qG7 are each 0 or 1 , excluding the case that“qG7 = 0, qG6 = 1”,

and where B ^LG4 is selected from the group consisting of divalent (hetero)aromatic group, which is preferably benzylene or phenylene,

alkylene group which may have ether groups and/or carbonyl groups,

and B ^LG4 is preferably a phenylene group or an alkylene group, more preferably a methylene group, ethylene group, propylene group, butylene group, pentylene group or hexylene group,

and even more preferably, in the more preferred embodiment of the aforementioned point LG.2, L ¹ , L ² , L ³ , L ⁴ , L ⁵ , L ⁶ , L ⁷ , L ¹ ', L ² ', L ³ ' are selected from the group consisting of direct bond, alkylene radical, which is preferably methylene, phenylene, *-C(=0)-4, *-0-C(=0)-4, *-(NH)-C(=0)-4, *- (Nalkyl)-C(=0)- , most preferably from direct bond, methylene, have the definition given in point LG.1.

1.1.2.7 Preferred linker units for redox-active violoqen function (H)

LH.1 In an even more preferred embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, in the cases in which the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ’ radicals or the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ radicals or the R ¹ , R ¹ ' radicals or the R ¹ radical in the structures (I), (II) and (III) in the first aspect of the invention as defined in point 1.1. a) and point I.1.b) are each a redox-active viologen function (H), and especially in the cases in which the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' radicals or the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ radicals or the R ¹ , R ¹ ' radicals or the R ¹ radical have the structures defined in the above point H.1 , preferably in the above point H.2, and also in the case in which the organic redox polymer P non-conjugated in the main chain, in the first aspect of the invention, comprises a structure as defined in point H.3,

L ^I , L ² , L ³ , L ⁴ , L ⁵ , L ⁶ , L ⁷ , L ¹ ', L ² ', L ³ ' in that case are preferably selected from the group consisting of direct bond, (LH11), (LH12)

where pH 1 , pH2, pH3 are each 0 or 1 , excluding the case that“pH2 = 0, pH1 = pH3 = 1”, where qH 1 , qH2, qH3 are each 0 or 1 , excluding the case that“qH2 = 0, qH1 = qH3 = 1”, where qH4, qH5, qH6 are each 0 or 1 , where at least one of qH4, qH5, qH6 = 1 and where the case that“qH5 = 0, qH4 = qH6 = 1” is excluded, where X ^LH2 , Y ^LH2 , Y ^LH5 are each independently selected from the group consisting of O, S, where X ^LH1 , X ^LH3 , Y ^LH1 , Y ^LH3 , Y ^LH4 , Y ^LH6 are each independently selected from the group consisting of O, S, NH, N[(halo)alkyl], where B ^LH1 is selected from the group consisting of

divalent (hetero)aromatic radical,

divalent aliphatic radical optionally substituted by at least one group selected from nitro group, -NH2, -CN, -SH, -OH, halogen and optionally having at least one group selected from ether, thioether, amino ether, carbonyl group, carboxylic ester, carboxamide group, sulfonic ester, phosphoric ester,

and where, in the cases in which L ¹ , L ² , L ³ , L ⁴ , L ⁵ , L ⁶ , L ⁷ , L ¹ ', L ² ', L ³ ' binds to a non-carbon atom in the respective redox-active R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' group, for the structure (LH11) the additional condition is applicable that“qH3 = 0, qH2 = 1 , qH1 = 1 or qH3 = qH2 = qH1 = 0 or qH3 = 0, qH2 = 1 , qH 1 = 0”, preferably the condition that“qH3 = qH2 = qH 1 = 0”, and for the structure (LH12) the additional condition is applicable that“qH6 = 0, qH5 = 1 , qH4 = 1 or qH6 = 0, qH5 = 1 , qH4 = 0”, and where 4 for L ¹ denotes the bond pointing toward R ¹ , for L ¹ ' denotes the bond pointing toward R ¹ ', for L ² denotes the bond pointing toward R ² , for L ² ' denotes the bond pointing toward R ² ', for L ³ denotes the bond pointing toward R ² , for L ³ ' denotes the bond pointing toward R ³ ', for L ⁴ denotes the bond pointing toward R ⁴ , for L ⁵ denotes the bond pointing toward R ⁴ , for L ⁶ denotes the bond pointing toward R ⁵ , for L ⁷ denotes the bond pointing toward R ⁵ , for L ¹ denotes the bond pointing toward X ¹ , for L ¹ ' denotes the bond pointing toward X ¹ ', for L ² denotes the bond pointing toward X ² , for L ² ' denotes the bond pointing toward X ² ', for L ³ denotes the bond pointing toward X ³ , for L ³ ' denotes the bond pointing toward X ³ ', for L ⁴ denotes the bond pointing toward X ⁴ , for L ⁵ denotes the bond pointing toward X ⁵ , for L ⁶ denotes the bond pointing toward X ⁴ , for L ⁷ denotes the bond pointing toward X ⁵ . The condition "where at least one of qH4, qH5, qH6 = 1 " relates here merely to the definition of the respective variables in the structure (LH12), and is not intended to rule out the possibility that L ¹ ,

L ² , L ³ , L ⁴ , L ⁵ , L ⁶ , L ⁷ , L ¹ ', L ² ', L ³ ’ may each also be direct bonds.

LH.2 In a preferred embodiment of the aforementioned point LH.1 , X ^LH2 , Y ^LH2 , Y ^LH5 are each O and X ^LH1 , cΐ_H3 gΐ_Hΐ gΐ_H3 gΐ_H4 gΐ_H6 _{are eac} h independently selected from the group consisting of O, NH, N(alkyl), preferably O and B ^LH1 is selected from the group consisting of divalent alkylene radical optionally having at least one ether group, divalent (hetero)aromatic radical.

LH.3 In a more preferred embodiment of the aforementioned point LH.2, especially when R ¹ , R ¹ ' have the structure (H1) shown in point H.1 , L ¹ , L ² , L ³ , L ⁴ , L ⁵ , L ⁶ , L ⁷ , L ¹ ', L ² ', L ³ ' are selected from the group consisting of direct bond, alkylene radical, which is preferably methylene, ethylene, propylene, butylene, pentylene, hexylene, more preferably propylene, divalent (hetero)aromatic group, which is preferably benzylene or phenylene, and is at the very most preferably phenylene.

1.1.2.8 Preferred linker units for redox-active ferrocene function (J)

LJ.1 In an even more preferred embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, in the cases in which the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ’ radicals or the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ radicals or the R ¹ , R ¹ ' radicals or the R ¹ radical in the structures (I), (II) and (III) in the first aspect of the invention as defined in point 1.1.a) and point 1.1.b) are each a redox-active ferrocene function (J), and especially in the cases in which the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' radicals or the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ radicals or the R ¹ , R ¹ ' radicals or the R ¹ radical have the structures defined in the above point J.1 , and also in the case in which the organic redox polymer P non-conjugated in the main chain, in the first aspect of the invention, comprises a structure as defined in point J.2,

L ¹ , L ² , L ³ , L ⁴ , L ⁵ , L ⁶ , L ⁷ , L ¹ ', L ² ', L ³ ' in that case are preferably selected from the group consisting of direct bond, (LJ11), (LJ12) where pj 1 , pJ2, pJ3 are each 0 or 1 , excluding the case that“pJ2 = 0, pj 1 = pJ3 = 1”, where qJ1 , qJ2, qJ3 are each 0 or 1 , excluding the case that“qJ2 = 0, qj 1 = qJ3 = 1”, where qJ4, qJ5, qJ6 are each 0 or 1 , where at least one of qJ4, qJ5, qJ6 = 1 and where the case that“qJ5 = 0, qJ4 = qJ6 = 1” is excluded, where X ^LJ2 , Y ^LJ2 , Y ^LJ5 are each independently selected from the group consisting of O, S, where X ^LJ1 , X ^LJ3 , Y ^LJ1 , Y ^LJ3 , Y ^LJ4 , Y ^LJ6 are each independently selected from the group consisting of O, S, NH, N[(halo)alkyl], where B ^LJ1 is selected from the group consisting of

divalent (hetero)aromatic radical,

divalent aliphatic radical optionally substituted by at least one group selected from nitro group, -NH2, -CN, -SH, -OH, halogen and optionally having at least one group selected from ether, thioether, amino ether, carbonyl group, carboxylic ester, carboxamide group, sulfonic ester, phosphoric ester,

and where, in the cases in which L ¹ , L ² , L ³ , L ⁴ , L ⁵ , L ⁶ , L ⁷ , L ¹ ', L ² ', L ³ ' binds to a non-carbon atom in the respective redox-active R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' group, for the structure (LJ11) the additional condition is applicable that“qJ3 = 0, qJ2 = 1 , qj 1 = 1 or qJ3 = qJ2 = qj 1 = 0 or qJ3 = 0, qJ2 = 1 , qj 1 = 0”, preferably the condition that“qJ3 = qJ2 = qj 1 = 0”, and for the structure (LJ12) the additional condition is applicable that“qJ6 = 0, qJ5 = 1 , qJ4 = 1 or qJ6 = 0, qj5 = 1 , qH4 = 0”, and where 4 for L ¹ denotes the bond pointing toward R ¹ , for L ¹ ' denotes the bond pointing toward R ¹ ', for L ² denotes the bond pointing toward R ² , for L ² ' denotes the bond pointing toward R ² ', for L ³ denotes the bond pointing toward R ² , for L ³ ' denotes the bond pointing toward R ³ ', for L ⁴ denotes the bond pointing toward R ⁴ , for L ⁵ denotes the bond pointing toward R ⁴ , for L ⁶ denotes the bond pointing toward R ⁵ , for L ⁷ denotes the bond pointing toward R ⁵ , for L ¹ denotes the bond pointing toward X ¹ , for L ¹ ' denotes the bond pointing toward X ¹ ', for L ² denotes the bond pointing toward X ² , for L ² ' denotes the bond pointing toward X ² ', for L ³ denotes the bond pointing toward X ³ , for L ³ ' denotes the bond pointing toward X ³ ', for L ⁴ denotes the bond pointing toward X ⁴ , for L ⁵ denotes the bond pointing toward X ⁵ , for L ⁶ denotes the bond pointing toward X ⁴ , for L ⁷ denotes the bond pointing toward X ⁵ .

The condition "where at least one of qJ4, qJ5, qJ6 = 1 " relates here merely to the definition of the respective variables in the structure (LJ12), and is not intended to rule out the possibility that L ¹ , L ² , L ³ , L ⁴ , L ⁵ , L ⁶ , L ⁷ , L ¹ ', L ² ', L ³ ’ may each also be direct bonds.

LJ.2 In a preferred embodiment of the aforementioned point LJ.1 , X ^LJ2 , Y ^LJ2 , Y ^LJ5 are each O and X ^LJ1 , X ^LJ3 , Y ^LJ1 , Y ^LJ3 , Y ^LJ4 , Y ^LJ6 are each independently selected from the group consisting of O, NH, N(alkyl), preferably O, and B ^LJ1 is a divalent alkylene radical optionally having at least one ether group.

LJ.3 In a more preferred embodiment of the aforementioned point LJ.2, L ¹ , L ² , L ³ , L ⁴ , L ⁵ , L ⁶ , L ⁷ , L ¹ ', L ² ', L ³ ' are selected from the group consisting of direct bond, alkylene radical, which is preferably methylene, phenylene, *-C(=0)-*, *-0-C(=0)-*, *-(NH)-C(=0)-*, *-(Nalkyl)-C(=0)-*, *-C(=0)-0- *, *-C(=0) -(NH)-*, *-C(=0)-(Nalkyl)-*, *-0-*, *-S-*, even more preferably each independently selected from the group consisting of direct bond, *-0- C(=0)-*,*-C(=0)-0-*.

1.1.2.9 Preferred linker units if R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' are each hydrogen

LK.1 In an even more preferred embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, in the cases in which the R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' radicals or the R ¹ ' radical in the structures (I), (II) and (III) in the first aspect of the present invention as defined in point 1.1. a) and point I.1.b), and especially in the above-described cases A.5, B.3, C.6, C.7, D.7, E.6, G.2, G.3, G.4, H.3, J.2, are each a hydrogen radical, L ¹ ', L ² ', L ³ ' in that case are preferably selected from the group consisting of direct bond, (LK11), (LK12):

where pK1 , pK2, pK3 are each 0 or 1 , excluding the case that“pK2 = 0, pK1 = pK3 = 1”, where qK1 , qK2, qK3 are each 0 or 1 , excluding the case that“qK2 = 0, qK1 = qK3 = 1”, where qK4, qK5, qK6 are each 0 or 1 , where at least one of qK4, qK5, qK6 = 1 and where the case that“qK5 = 0, qK4 = qK6 = 1” is excluded,

where X ^LK2 , Y ^LK2 , Y ^LK5 are each independently selected from the group consisting of O, S, where X ^LK1 , X ^LK3 , Y ^LK1 , Y ^LK3 , Y ^LK4 , Y ^LK6 are each independently selected from the group consisting of O, S, NH, N[(halo)alkyl],

where B ^LK1 is selected from the group consisting of

divalent (hetero)aromatic radical,

divalent aliphatic radical optionally substituted by at least one group selected from nitro group, -NH2, -CN, -SH, -OH, halogen and optionally having at least one group selected from ether, thioether, amino ether, carbonyl group, carboxylic ester, carboxamide group, sulfonic ester, phosphoric ester, and where 4 for L ¹ ' denotes the bond pointing toward R ¹ ', for L ² ' the bond pointing toward R ² ', for L ³ ' the bond pointing toward R ³ ',

for L ¹ ' denotes the bond pointing toward X ¹ ', for L ² ' the bond pointing toward X ² ', for L ³ ' the bond pointing toward X ³ .

The condition "where at least one of qK4, qK5, qK6 = 1 " relates here merely to the definition of the respective variables in the structure (LK12), and is not intended to rule out the possibility that L ¹ ', L ² ', L ³ ' may each also be direct bonds.

LK.2 In a preferred embodiment of the aforementioned point LK.1 , X ^LK2 , Y ^LK2 , Y ^LK5 are each O and X ^LK1 , c ^ΐ _k ³ g ^ΐ _ki g ^ΐ _k ³ g ^ΐ _k ⁴ g ^ΐ _k ⁶ _{are eac} h Q, and B ^LK1 is selected from the group consisting of phenylene radical, benzylene radical, divalent alkylene radical optionally having at least one group selected from ether.

LK.3 In a preferred embodiment of the aforementioned points LK.1 and LK.2, L ¹ ', L ² ', L ³ ' are each a direct bond.

1.1.3 Polymerized X ¹ X ² X ³ X ⁴ X ⁵ groups

The non-conjugated organic groups selectable for X ¹ , X ² , X ³ , X ⁴ , X ⁵ in the structures (I), (II) and (III) in the first aspect of the invention as defined in point 1.1. a) and point 1.1 .b), and especially in the above-described cases A.5, B.3, C.6, C.7, D.7, E.6, G.2, G.3, G.4, H.3, J.2, are not subject to any further restriction except that no conjugation must occur in the backbone formed by these groups. The person skilled in the art is aware of such groups. They are formed by polymerization reaction from a group consisting of an organic double bond, an organic triple bond, an oxirane or an aziridine, or are each a non-conjugated organic group which is formed by a polymer-analogous reaction. Such groups are described, for example, in WO 2015/003725 A1.

What is essential in the context of the invention is that no conjugation, i.e. no p electron delocalization, takes place in the main chain, i.e. the polymer backbone of P. This can be assured in that only sp ³ bonds occur in the main chain or sp and sp ² bonds are in such isolated form that no conjugation occurs.

The person skilled in the art knows how to distinguish conjugated systems from non-conjugated systems. For example, poly(thiophene), poly(pyridine), poly(pyrrolidine), poly(imide) are conjugated within the polymer backbone and form conjugation in the main chain, and so cannot form non- conjugated organic redox polymers. It has been found that, surprisingly, polyacetylene derivatives are also usable in the polymer backbone in the context of the invention since, although there are adjacent double bonds within this backbone, no conjugation takes place owing to the Peierls distortion.

In the context of the invention, this prerequisite with regard to non-conjugation relates merely to the backbone of the polymer P which is formed in the structures (I), (II) and (III) by the X ¹ , X ² , X ³ , X ⁴ or X ⁵ radicals and, if present, the spacer units Y ¹ , Y ² , Y ³ , Y ⁴ or Y ⁵ (defined below in section 1.1.4). Within the redox-active functions encompassed by the polymer, i.e. within the radicals represented by the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ or R ⁵ radicals in the structures (I), (II) and (III), and, if R ¹ ', R ² ' or R ³ ' is a redox- active radical, within these as well, it is of course possible for conjugation to occur, i.e.

delocalization of the p electrons.

1.1.3.1

In a preferred embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, the X ¹ , X ² , X ³ , X ⁴ , X ⁵ radicals in the structures (I), (II) and (III) in the first aspect of the invention as defined in point 1.1. a) and point I.1.b), and especially in the above-described cases A.5, B.3, C.6, C.7, D.7, E.6, G.2, G.3, G.4, H.3, J.2, are each independently non-conjugated organic groups that are selected from the following structures (X1), (X2), (X3), (X4), (X5), preferably from the structures (X1), (X2), (X3), (X5), even more preferably from the structures (X1), (X2), (X5):

(xii

(X1) (X2) (X3)

where, in the case that (X1) = X ¹ , one of R ^X1 , R ^X2 , R ^X3 , R ^X4 denotes the bond to L ¹ and another of R ^X1 , R ^X2 , R ^X3 , R ^X4 the bond to L ¹ ',

where, in the case that (X1) = X ² , one of R ^X1 , R ^X2 , R ^X3 , R ^X4 denotes the bond to L ² and another of

RX1 , _R X2_ _R X3_ _R X4 _{the bond to L} 2'_

where, in the case that (X1) = X ³ , one of R ^X1 , R ^X2 , R ^x3 , R ^X4 denotes the bond to L ³ and another of

R ^X1 , R ^X2 , R ^X3 , R ^X4 the bond to L ³ ', where, in the case that (X1) = X ⁴ , one of R ^X1 , R ^X2 , R ^X3 , R ^X4 denotes the bond to L ⁴ and another of R ^X1 , R ^X2 , R ^X3 , R ^X4 the bond to L ⁶ ,

where, in the case that (X1) = X ⁵ , one of R ^X1 , R ^X2 , R ^X3 , R ^X4 denotes the bond to L ⁵ and another of

RX1 , _R X2_ _R X3_ _R X4 _{the bond to L} 7_ where, in the case that (X2) = X ¹ , one of R ^X5 , R ^X6 , R ^X7 , R ^X8 denotes the bond to L ¹ and another of R ^X5 , R ^X6 , R ^X7 , R ^X8 the bond to L ¹ ',

where, in the case that (X2) = X ² , one of R ^X5 , R ^X6 , R ^X7 , R ^X8 denotes the bond to L ² and another of R ^X5 , R ^X6 , R ^X7 , R ^X8 the bond to L ² ',

where, in the case that (X2) = X ³ , one of R ^X5 , R ^X6 , R ^X7 , R ^X8 denotes the bond to L ³ and another of R ^X5 , R ^X6 , R ^X7 , R ^X8 the bond to L ³ ',

where, in the case that (X2) = X ⁴ , one of R ^X5 , R ^X6 , R ^X7 , R ^X8 denotes the bond to L ⁴ and another of _R xs, R ^X6 , R ^X7 , R ^X8 the bond to L ⁶ ,

where, in the case that (X2) = X ⁵ , one of R ^X5 , R ^X6 , R ^X7 , R ^X8 denotes the bond to L ⁵ and another of R ^X5 , R ^X6 , R ^X7 , R ^X8 the bond to L ⁷ ,

where, in the case that (X3) = X ¹ , R ^X9 denotes the bond to L ¹ and R ^X1 ° the bond to L ¹ ',

where, in the case that (X3) = X ² , R ^X9 denotes the bond to L ² and R ^X1 ° the bond to L ² ',

where, in the case that (X3) = X ³ , R ^X9 denotes the bond to L ³ and R ^X1 ° the bond to L ³ ',

where, in the case that (X3) = X ⁴ , R ^X9 denotes the bond to L ⁴ and R ^X1 ° the bond to L ⁶ ,

where, in the case that (X3) = X ⁵ , R ^X9 denotes the bond to L ⁵ and R ^X1 ° the bond to L ⁷ , where, in the case that (X4) = X ¹ , one of R ^X11 , R ^X12 denotes the bond to L ¹ and another of R ^X11 ,

R ^X12 the bond to L ¹ ',

where, in the case that (X4) = X ² , one of R ^X11 , R ^X12 denotes the bond to L ² and another of R ^X11 ,

R ^X12 the bond to L ² ',

where, in the case that (X4) = X ³ , one of R ^X11 , R ^X12 denotes the bond to L ³ and another of R ^X11 ,

R ^X12 the bond to L ³ ',

where, in the case that (X4) = X ⁴ , one of R ^X11 , R ^X12 denotes the bond to L ⁴ and another of R ^X11 ,

R ^X12 the bond to L ⁶ ,

where, in the case that (X4) = X ⁵ , one of R ^X11 , R ^X12 denotes the bond to L ⁵ and another of R ^X11 ,

R ^X12 the bond to L ⁷ ,

where, in the case that (X5) = X ¹ , one of R ^X13 , R ^X14 , R ^X15 , R ^X16 denotes the bond to L ¹ and another of R ^X13 , R ^X14 , R ^X15 , R ^X16 denotes the bond to L ¹ ',

where, in the case that (X5) = X ² , one of R ^X13 , R ^X14 , R ^X15 , R ^X16 denotes the bond to L ² and another of R ^X13 , R ^X14 , R ^X15 , R ^X16 denotes the bond to L ² ',

where, in the case that (X5) = X ³ , one of R ^X13 , R ^X14 , R ^X15 , R ^X16 denotes the bond to L ³ and another of R ^X13 , R ^X14 , R ^X15 , R ^X16 denotes the bond to L ³ ',

where, in the case that (X5) = X ⁴ , one of R ^X13 , R ^X14 , R ^X15 , R ^X16 denotes the bond to L ⁴ and another of R ^X13 , R ^X14 , R ^X15 , R ^X16 denotes the bond to L ⁶ , where, in the case that (X5) = X ⁵ , one of R ^X13 , R ^X14 , R ^X15 , R ^X16 denotes the bond to L ⁵ and another of R ^X13 , R ^X14 , R ^X15 , R ^X16 denotes the bond to L ⁷ , and where those of R ^X1 , R ^X2 , R ^X3 , R ^X4 , R ^X5 , R ^X6 , R ^X7 , R ^X8 , R ^X13 , R ^X14 , R ^X15 , R ^X16 that do not denote a bond to L ¹ , L ¹ ', L ² , L ² ', L ³ , L ³ ', L ⁴ , L ⁵ , L ⁶ or L ⁷ are radicals that are each independently selected from the group consisting of

hydrogen,

(hetero)aromatic radical,

aliphatic radical optionally substituted by at least one group selected from nitro group, -NH2, -CN, - SH, -OH, halogen and optionally having at least one group selected from ether, thioether, amino ether, carbonyl group, carboxylic ester, carboxamide group, sulfonic ester, phosphoric ester, preferably from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl group, halogen, cyano, phenyl, benzyl, and are more preferably all hydrogen, and where X ^x1 , X ^x2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of O, S and are preferably each O, and where X ^x3 is selected from the group consisting of O, S, -CH2-, more preferably from the group consisting of O, -CH2-, and is even more preferably -CH2-, and where the bond indicated in each case by (xii ^x1 ) corresponds to that indicated in each case by structures (I), (II) and (III), and where the bond indicated in each case by (xiii ^X1 ) corresponds to that which, in the structures (I), (II) and (III), in the cases in which m ¹ = 0, m ² = 0, m ³ = 0, m ⁴ = 0 or m ⁵ = 0, binds in each case and, in the cases in which m ¹ > 0, m ² > 0, m ³ > 0, m ⁴ > 0 or m ⁵ > 0, binds in each case to Y ¹ , Y ² , Y ³ , Y ⁴ or Y ⁵ .

1.1.3.2

In a preferred embodiment of the aforementioned point 1.1.3.1 , the X ¹ , X ² , X ³ , X ⁴ , X ⁵ radicals are each independently non-conjugated organic groups that are selected from the following structures (X11), (X12), (X13), (X14), (X15), preferably from the structures (X11), (X12), (X13), (X14), (X15), more preferably from the structures (X11), (X12), (X15):

where, in the case that X ¹ is selected from (X11), (X12), (X13), (X14), (X15), the bond (xiv ^X2 ) in each case denotes the bond to L ¹ and the bond (xv ^X2 ) in each case the bond to L ¹ ', where, in the case that X ² is selected from (X11), (X12), (X13), (X14), (X15), the bond (xiv ^X2 ) in each case denotes the bond to L ² and the bond (xv ^X2 ) in each case the bond to L ² ', where, in the case that X ³ is selected from (X11), (X12), (X13), (X14), (X15), the bond (xiv ^X2 ) in each case denotes the bond to L ³ and the bond (xv ^X2 ) in each case the bond to L ³ ', where, in the case that X ⁴ is selected from (X11), (X12), (X13), (X14), (X15), the bond (xiv ^X2 ) in each case denotes the bond to L ⁴ and the bond (xv ^X2 ) in each case the bond to L ⁶ , where, in the case that X ⁵ is selected from (X11), (X12), (X13), (X14), (X15), the bond (xiv ^X2 ) in each case denotes the bond to L ⁵ and the bond (xv ^X2 ) in each case the bond to L ⁷ , and where the R ^X21 , R ^X22 , R ^X23 , R ^X24 , R ^X25 , R ^X26 radicals are each independently selected from the group consisting of

hydrogen,

(hetero)aromatic radical,

aliphatic radical optionally substituted by at least one group selected from nitro group, -NH2, -CN, - SH, -OH, halogen and optionally having at least one group selected from ether, thioether, amino ether, carbonyl group, carboxylic ester, carboxamide group, sulfonic ester, phosphoric ester, preferably from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl group, halogen, cyano, phenyl, benzyl, and are preferably all hydrogen, and where the bond indicated in each case by (xii ^X2 ) corresponds to that indicated in each case by structures (I), (II) and (III), and where the bond indicated in each case by (xiii ^X2 ) corresponds to that which, in the structures (I), (II) and (III), in the cases in which m ¹ = 0, m ² = 0, m ³ = 0, m ⁴ = 0 or m ⁵ = 0, binds in each case and, in the cases in which m ¹ > 0, m ² > 0, m ³ > 0, m ⁴ > 0 or m ⁵ > 0, binds in each case to Y ¹ , Y ² , Y ³ , Y ⁴ or Y ⁵ .

1.1.3.3

In a more preferred embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, the X ¹ , X ² , X ³ , X ⁴ , X ⁵ radicals each independently have the structure (X11) defined in point 1.1.3.2,

where, in the case that X ¹ has the structure (X11), the bond (xiv ^X2 ) in each case denotes the bond to L ¹ and the bond (xv ^X2 ) in each case the bond to L ¹ ', where, in the case that X ² has the structure (X11), the bond (xiv ^X2 ) in each case denotes the bond to L ² and the bond (xv ^X2 ) in each case the bond to L ² ', where, in the case that X ³ has the structure (X11), the bond (xiv ^X2 ) in each case denotes the bond to L ³ and the bond (xv ^X2 ) in each case the bond to L ³ ', where, in the case that X ⁴ has the structure (X11), the bond (xiv ^X2 ) in each case denotes the bond to L ⁴ and the bond (xv ^X2 ) in each case the bond to L ⁶ , where, in the case that X ⁵ has the structure (X11), the bond (xiv ^X2 ) in each case denotes the bond to L ⁵ and the bond (xv ^X2 ) in each case the bond to L ⁷ , and where the R ^X21 , R ^X22 radicals are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl group, halogen, cyano, phenyl, benzyl, preferably R ^X21 = hydrogen or alkyl, the most preferred alkyl being a methyl group, and R ^X22 = hydrogen, most preferably R ^X21 = R ^X22 = hydrogen, and where the bond indicated by (xii ^X2 ) corresponds to that indicated in each case by“*”,

“§” and”$” in the structures (I), (II) and (III), and where the bond indicated by (xiii ^X2 ) corresponds to that which, in the structures (I), (II) and (III), in the cases in which m ¹ = 0, m ² = 0, m ³ = 0, m ⁴ = 0 or m ⁵ = 0, binds in each case to“**”,“##”, and, in the cases in which m ¹ > 0, m ² > 0, m ³ > 0, m ⁴ > 0 or m ⁵ > 0, binds in each case to Y ¹ , Y ² , Y ³ , Y ⁴ or Y ⁵ .

1.1 .4 Non-coniuqated organic spacer units Y ¹ , Y ² , Y ³ Y ⁴ , Y ⁵

The non-conjugated organic spacer units selectable for Y ¹ , Y ² , Y ³ , Y ⁴ , Y ⁵ in the structures (I), (II) and (III) in the first aspect of the invention are accordingly not subject to any further restriction except that no conjugation must occur in the backbone formed by these groups.

1.1.4.1

In a preferred embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, the Y ¹ , Y ² , Y ³ , Y ⁴ , Y ⁵ radicals in the structures (I), (II) and (III) in the first aspect of the invention as defined in point 1.1. a) and point I.1.b), and especially in the above-described cases A.5, B.3, C.6, C.7, D.7, E.6, G.2, G.3, G.4, H.3, J.2, are each independently non-conjugated organic spacer units that are selected from the following structures (Y1), (Y2), (Y3), (Y4), (Y5):

where R ^Y1 , R ^Y2 , R ^Y3 , R ^Y4 , R ^Y5 , R ^Y6 , R ^Y7 , R ^Y8 , R ^Y9 , R ^Y1 °, R ^Y1 \ R ^Y12 , R ^Y13 , R ^Y14 , R ^Y15 , R ^Y16 are each independently selected from the group consisting of

hydrogen,

(hetero)aromatic radical,

aliphatic radical optionally substituted by at least one group selected from nitro group, -NH2, -CN, - SH, -OH, halogen and optionally having at least one group selected from ether, thioether, amino ether, carbonyl group, carboxylic ester,

carboxamide group, sulfonic ester, phosphoric ester, preferably from the group consisting of hydrogen, phenyl, benzyl, (halo)alkyl group, (halo)cycloalkyl group, hydroxyl, carboxylic ester, carboxyl group, carboxamide, where the (halo)alkyl group may also have ether groups, and where X ^Y1 , X ^Y2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of O, S and are preferably both O, and where X ^Y3 is selected from the group consisting of O, S, -CH2-, preferably O, -CH2-, and more preferably -CH2-, and where the bonds indicated by (xv ^Y1 ) correspond to those indicated by“**”,“##”, “§§” and”$$” in the structures (I), (II) and (III), and where the bonds indicated by (xiv ^Y1 ) correspond to those which bind to X ¹ , X ² , X ³ , X ⁴ or X ⁵ in the structures (I), (II) and (III).

1.1.4.2

In a preferred embodiment of the aforementioned point 1.1.4.1 , the Y ¹ , Y ² , Y ³ , Y ⁴ , Y ⁵ radicals in the structures (I), (II) and (III) are each independently non-conjugated organic spacer units that are selected from the structures (Y1), (Y2), (Y3), (Y5) mentioned in point 1.1.4.1 , more preferably from the structures (Y1), (Y2), (Y5), even more preferably from the structures (Y1), (Y2), and most preferably have a structure (Y1), where R ^Y1 , R ^Y2 , R ^Y3 , R ^Y4 , R ^Y5 , R ^Y6 , R ^Y7 , R ^Y8 , R ^Y9 , R ^Y1 °, R ^Y13 , R ^Y14 , R ^Y15 , R ^Y16 are each

independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, phenyl, benzyl, (halo)alkyl group, (halo)cycloalkyl group, hydroxyl, carboxylic ester, carboxamide, where the (halo)alkyl group may also have ether groups and is preferably selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, phenyl, benzyl, alkyl group, carboxylic ester, carboxamide, carboxyl group, and even more preferably from the group consisting of hydrogen, phenyl, methyl, carboxylic ester, -C(=0)-NH ₂ , carboxyl group, and are even more preferably all hydrogen, and where X ^Y1 , X ^Y2 are each O, and where X ^Y3 is selected from the group consisting of O, -CH2-, and is more preferably -CH2-.

1.1.4.3

In the cases in which an organic redox polymer P which is non-conjugated in the main chain and comprises at least one of the structures (I), (II) and (III) comprises a non-conjugated organic spacer unit Y ¹ , Y ² , Y ³ , Y ⁴ , Y ⁵ , the person skilled in the art will be able here, with the aid of his art knowledge, to select this non-conjugated organic spacer unit Y ¹ , Y ² , Y ³ , Y ⁴ , Y ⁵ advantageously in accordance with the X ¹ , X ² , X ³ , X ⁴ or X ⁵ group encompassed by the respective organic redox polymer P non-conjugated in the main chain.

In a preferred embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, the X ¹ , X ² , X ³ , X ⁴ , X ⁵ radicals in the structures (I), (II) and (III) are each independently selected from the structures (X1), (X2), (X3), (X4) according to the aforementioned point 1.1.3.1 , preferably each independently selected from the structures (X11), (X12), (X13), (X14) according to the aforementioned point 1.1.3.2, and even more preferably each independently have a structure (X11) according to the aforementioned point 1.1.3.3, and the Y ¹ , Y ² , Y ³ , Y ⁴ , Y ⁵ radicals are each independently selected from the structures (Y1), (Y2), (Y3), (Y4) according to the aforementioned point 1.1.4.1 , more preferably according to the aforementioned point 1.1 .4.2, or the X ¹ , X ² , X ³ , X ⁴ , X ⁵ radicals in the structures (I), (II) and (III) are each independently a structure (X5) according to the aforementioned point 1.1.3.1 , preferably a structure (X15) according to the aforementioned point 1.1.3.2, and the Y ¹ , Y ² , Y ³ , Y ⁴ , Y ⁵ radicals are each independently a structure (Y5) according to the aforementioned point 1.1.4.1 , more preferably according to the

aforementioned point 1.1.4.2.

1.1.4.4

In an even more preferred embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, the X ¹ , X ² , X ³ , X ⁴ , X ⁵ radicals in the structures (I), (II) and (III) are each independently a structure (X1) according to the aforementioned point 1.1.3.1 , preferably each independently a structure (X11) according to the aforementioned point 1.1.3.2, even more preferably according to the aforementioned point 1.1.3.3, and the Y ¹ , Y ² , Y ³ , Y ⁴ , Y ⁵ radicals are each independently a structure (Y1) according to the aforementioned point 1.1 .4.1 , more preferably according to the aforementioned point 1.1 .4.2; or the X ¹ , X ² , X ³ , X ⁴ , X ⁵ radicals in the structures (I), (II) and (III) are each independently a structure (X2) according to the aforementioned point 1.1.3.1 , preferably each independently a structure (X12) according to the aforementioned point 1.1.3.2, and the Y ¹ , Y ² , Y ³ , Y ⁴ , Y ⁵ radicals are each independently a structure (Y2) according to the aforementioned point 1.1.4.1 , more preferably according to the aforementioned point 1.1.4.2; or the X ¹ , X ² , X ³ , X ⁴ , X ⁵ radicals in the structures (I), (II) and (III) are each independently a structure (X3) according to the aforementioned point 1.1.3.1 , preferably each independently a structure (X13) according to the aforementioned point 1.1.3.2, and the Y ¹ , Y ² , Y ³ , Y ⁴ , Y ⁵ radicals are each independently a structure (Y3) according to the aforementioned point 1.1.4.1 , more preferably according to the aforementioned point 1.1 .4.2; or the X ¹ , X ² , X ³ , X ⁴ , X ⁵ radicals in the structures (I), (II) and (III) are each independently a structure (X4) according to the aforementioned point 1.1.3.1 , preferably each independently a structure (X14) according to the aforementioned point 1.1.3.2, and the Y ¹ , Y ² , Y ³ , Y ⁴ , Y ⁵ radicals are each independently a structure (Y4) according to the aforementioned point 1.1.4.1 , more preferably according to the aforementioned point 1.1.4.2; or the X ¹ , X ² , X ³ , X ⁴ , X ⁵ radicals in the structures (I), (II) and (III) are each independently a structure (X5) according to the aforementioned point 1.1.3.1 , preferably each independently a structure (X15) according to the aforementioned point 1.1.3.2, and the Y ¹ , Y ² , Y ³ , Y ⁴ , Y ⁵ radicals are each independently a structure (Y5) according to the aforementioned point 1.1.4.1 , more preferably according to the aforementioned point 1.1.4.2.

1.1.5 Process for preparing the polymers P according to the invention

The polymers P encompassed by the electrode material according to the invention in the first aspect of the invention can be obtained by processes known to those skilled in the art. The corresponding processes are summarized in Muench et al.

In addition, the synthesis of the polymers P comprising a redox-active aromatic imide function (A) is also described in WO 2015/003725 A1 and US 4,898,915 A.

In addition, polymers comprising a redox-active aromatic function comprising at least one stable oxygen radical (B) and the synthesis of the corresponding polymers P are also known to the person skilled in the art from WO 2017/207325 A1 , EP 1 752 474 A1 , WO 2015/032951 A1 , ON 104530424 A, ON 104530426 A, T. Suga, H. Ohshiro, S. Sugita, K. Oyaizu, H. Nishide, Adv. Mater. 2009, 21, 1627-1630 and T. Suga, S. Sugita, H. Ohshiro, K. Oyaizu, H. Nishide, Adv. Mater. 2011 , 3, 751-754.

In addition, the synthesis of the polymers P comprising a redox-active anthraquinone/carbazole function (C) and the synthesis of the polymers P comprising a redox-active benzoquinone function (E) is also described, or is possible as a matter of routine for the person skilled in the art on the basis of his art knowledge, from WO 2015/132374 A1 , WO 2015/144798 A1 , EP 3 279 223 A1 ,

WO 2018/024901 A1 , US 2017/0077518 A1 , US 2017/0077517 A1 , US 2017/0104214 A1 , D.

Schmidt, B. Haupler, C. Stolze, M.D. Hager, U.S. Schubert, J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015, 53, 2517-2523, M.E. Speer, M. Kolek, J.J. Jassoy, J. Heine, M. Winter, P.M. Bieker, B.

Esser, Chem. Commun. 2015, 51, 15261-15264 and M. Baibarac, M. Lira-Cantii, J. Oro Sol, I. Baltog, N. Casah-Pastor, P. Gomez-Romero, Compos. Sci. Technol. 2007, 67, 2556-2563. In addition, the synthesis of the polymers P comprising a redox-active dialkoxybenzene function (D) is also described in WO 2017/032583 A1 , EP 3 136 410 A1 , EP 3 135 704 A1 , WO 2017/032582 A1 , P. Nesvadba, L. B. Folger, P. Maire, P. Novak, Synth. Met. 2011 , 161, 259-262; W. Weng, Z.C. Zhang, A. Abouimrane, P.C. Redfern, L.A. Curtiss, K. Amine, Adv. Fund Mater. 2012, 22, 4485- 4492.

In addition, the synthesis of the polymers P comprising a redox-active triphenylamine function (G) is also described in JP 201 1-74316 A, JP 201 1-74317 A.

In addition, the synthesis of the polymers P comprising a redox-active viologen function (H) is also described in ON 1071 18332 A.

In addition, the synthesis of the polymers P comprising a redox-active ferrocene function (J) is also described in K. Tamura, N. Akutagawa, M. Satoh, J. Wada, T. Masuda, Macromol. Rapid Commun. 2008, 29, 1944-1949.

1.1.6 Crosslinkinqs The polymers P encompassed by the electrode material according to the invention in the first aspect of the invention may be either homopolymers or copolymers. Homopolymers are polymers which have been synthesized only from one monomer. Copolymers are polymers which have been synthesized from two or more monomers. Further monomers ("co-monomers") used may be those that have a polymerizable group, or else have two or more polymerizable groups, for example divinylbenzenes, diethynylbenzenes, diethynylthianthrenes, oligo- or polyethylene glycol di(meth)acrylates. This then leads to additional crosslinks in the polymer. This is known to the person skilled in the art (described, for example, in WO 2018/060680 A1 , paragraph [0028]). The degree of crosslinking of the polymers that are then obtained can be controlled by processes known to the person skilled in the art via the amount of comonomer added or else via a time delay (for instance in that the comonomer is not added until the polymerization is at an advanced stage).

If two or more monomers are used in the synthesis, the monomers of the repeat units in the polymer P, according to this invention, may be present in the polymer in random distribution, as blocks or in alternation. Thus, the polymer P encompassed by the electrode material of the invention may also have repeat units attributable to the use of crosslinkers during the synthesis of the polymer P. It will thus be apparent that repeat units attributable to the crosslinker may also be present in the resulting polymer P between the repeat units of the structure (I), (II) and (III). Suitable crosslinkers are compounds having more than one polymerizable group, the crosslinker preferably being selected from the group consisting of polyfunctional compounds based on (meth)acrylic acid, polyfunctional compounds based on allyl ether, polyfunctional compounds based on vinylic compounds. Polyfunctional compounds based on (meth)acrylic acid are particularly preferred.

Polyfunctional compounds based on (meth)acrylic acid are especially selected from ethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, diethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, triethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, polyethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, propane-1 , 3-diol di(meth)acrylate, butane-2, 3-diol di(meth)acrylate, butane-1 , 4-diol di(meth)acrylate, pentane-1 , 5-diol di(meth)acrylate, hexane-1 , 6- diol di(meth)acrylate, heptane-1 , 7-diol di(meth)acrylate, octane-1 , 8-diol di(meth)acrylate, nonane- 1 , 9-diol di(meth)acrylate, decane-1 , 10-diol di(meth)acrylate, trimethylolpropane tri(meth)acrylate, glycerol di(meth)acrylate, 2-hydroxy-3-(meth)acryloyloxypropyl (meth)acrylate.

Polyfunctional compounds based on allyl ether are especially selected from the group consisting of diethylene glycol diallyl ether, dibutylene glycol diallyl ether.

A polyfunctional compound based on vinylic compounds is especially divinylbenzene.

I.2 Ionic liquids

The present invention is based on the surprising finding that, in an electrode material comprising the redox-active polymer P, a distinct increase in capacity can be achieved when this electrode material also comprises an ionic liquid. The improved increase in capacity is based on the interaction of the intercalated ionic liquid with the polymer P. It is suspected that the reason for this exceptionally significant improvement lies in the specific structure of the polymer P, which assures a particularly good interaction with the ionic liquid. This is because it is an organic polymer, which has particularly good swelling capacity when it is admixed with ionic liquids. This swelling capacity is based on the organic nature of the polymer P and enables it to bind a high proportion of ionic liquid. In the case of metal-based batteries for which the intercalation of ionic liquids has been described (for example zinc-manganese dioxide batteries as described in US 9,397,341 B1 ), this mechanism is not possible merely because of the metallic properties of the electrode material. The binding capacity thereof for ionic liquids is therefore much smaller, and the tendency to "bleeding" of the ionic liquid out of the electrode material is much more pronounced.

Ionic liquids as constituents of the electrode material of organic batteries that are based on a polymer P are yet to be described. The prior art (for example EP 3 279 223 A1 ) merely mentions the option of using these as electrolyte in a battery cell.

Organic batteries comprising ionic liquids within the electrode material have additionally been described only for those polymers in which the main chain is in conjugated form (WO 2017/220965 A1 ; WO 2018/060680 A1 ). Since the charges in the polymer P according to the present invention are localized onto the individual redox-active units and not "smeared" across the main chain as in prior art polymers, however, this enables a much better interaction of the ionic liquid with the redox- active units in the polymer P compared to the interaction that would be expected for the interaction of the ionic liquid with prior art conjugated polymers.

The fact that the polymer P according to the present invention would enable such advantageous interaction with the ionic liquid was accordingly completely surprising.

Accordingly, the ionic liquids usable in the first aspect of the present invention are not subject to any further restriction, and it is possible, for example, to use those described in WO 2004/016631 A1 , WO 2006/134015 A1 , US 201 1/0247494 A1 or US 2008/0251759 A1.

In particular, the ionic liquid which is used in the electrode material in the first aspect of the invention has the structure Q ⁺ A .

1.2.1 Preferred cations for the ionic liquids

Q ⁺ here is a cation selected from the group consisting of the following structures (Q1), (Q2), (Q3), (Q4), (Q5):

where R ^Q1 , R ^Q2 , R ^Q3 , R ^Q4 , R ^Q5 , R ^Q6 , R ^Q7 , R ^Q8 are each independently selected from the group consisting of (halo)alkyl group, cycloalkyl group, and where R® ⁹ p>Q ¹⁰ RQ11 p>Q12 p>Q13 pQ14 pQ15 p>Q16 p>Q17 p>Q18 p>Q19 p>Q20 pQ21 p>Q22 p>Q23

R ^Q24 , R ^Q25 , R ^Q26 , R ^Q27 , R ^Q28 , R ^Q29 , R ^Q3 °, R ^Q31 , R ^Q32 , R ^Q33 , R ^Q34 , R ^Q35 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (halo)alkyl group which may have at least one ether group, cycloalkyl group.

Preferably, Q ⁺ is a cation selected from the group consisting of the structures (Q1), (Q2), (Q3), (Q4), (Q5) where R ^Q1 , R ^Q2 , R ^Q3 , R ^Q4 , R ^Q5 , R ^Q6 , R ^Q7 , R ^Q8 are each independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl group having 6 to 40, more preferably 10 to 30, carbon atoms, cycloalkyl group having 6 to 40, more preferably 10 to 30, carbon atoms, and where R ^®9 R ^®10 R ^®11 R ^®12 R ^®13 R ^®14 R ^®15 R ^Q16 R® ¹⁷ R ^Q18 R ^Q IS ^Q 2o R ^Q 2I R ^Q 22 R ^Q 23

R ^Q24 , R ^Q25 , R ^Q26 , R ^Q27 , R ^Q28 , R ^Q29 , R ^Q3 °, R ^Q31 , R ^Q32 , R ^Q33 , R ^Q34 , R ^Q35 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl group having 1 to 25, preferably 1 to 10, carbon atoms, which may have at least one ether group.

More preferably, Q ⁺ is a cation selected from the group consisting of the structures (Q1), (Q3) where R ^Q1 , R ^Q2 , R ^Q3 , R ^Q4 are each independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl group having 6 to 30, preferably 10 to 25, carbon atoms, where R ^Q9 , R ^Q1 °, R ^Q11 , R ^Q12 , R ^Q13 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl group having 1 to 25, preferably 1 to 10, carbon atoms and R ^Q1 °, R ^Q11 , R ^Q13 are more preferably each hydrogen and R ^Q9 , R ^Q12 are each independently an alkyl radical having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.

Even more preferably, Q ⁺ is a cation of the structure (Q3) where R ^Q1 °, R ^Q11 , R ^Q13 are each hydrogen and R ^Q9 is selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, /so-propyl, n- butyl, sec-butyl, tert- butyl, and R ^Q12 is selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, /so-propyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert- butyl.

Even more preferably, Q ⁺ is a cation of the structure (Q3) where R ^Q1 °, R ^Q11 , R ^Q13 are each hydrogen and R ^Q9 is selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, n-butyl, preferably selected from the group consisting of ethyl, n-butyl, where R ^Q9 is most preferably ethyl, and R ^Q12 is selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, where R ^Q12 is most preferably methyl.

Particularly preferred as Q ⁺ is the 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium cation.

I.2.2 Preferred anions for the ionic liquids

In the aforementioned formula Q ⁺ A , A is an anion, especially selected from the group consisting of phosphate, phosphonate, alkylphosphonate, monoalkylphosphate, dialkylphosphate,

bis[trifluoromethanesulfonyl]imide, (halo)alkylsulfonate, (halo)alkylsulfate, bis[fluorosulfonyl] imide, halide, dicyanamide, hexafluorophosphate, sulfate, tetrafluoroborate, trifluoromethanesulfonate, perchlorate, hydrogensulfate, (halo)alkylcarboxylate, formate, bisoxalatoborate,

tetrachloroaluminate, dihydrogenphosphate, monoalkylhydrogenphosphate, nitrate.

In the aforementioned formula Q ⁺ A , A is preferably selected from the group consisting of phosphate, phosphonate, alkylphosphonate, monoalkylphosphate, dialkylphosphate, bis[trifluoromethanesulfonyl]imide, alkylsulfonate, alkylsulfate, bis[fluorosulfonyl]imide, halide, dicyanamide, hexafluorophosphate, sulfate, tetrafluoroborate, trifluoromethanesulfonate, perchlorate, hydrogensulfate, alkylcarboxylate, formate, bisoxalatoborate, tetrachloroaluminate, dihydrogenphosphate, monoalkylhydrogenphosphate, nitrate, where the alkyl groups in alkylphosphonate, monoalkylphosphate, dialkylphosphate, alkylsulfonate, alkylsulfate,

alkylcarboxylate, monoalkylhydrogenphosphate each have 1 to 10, preferably 1 to 6, more preferably 1 to 4, carbon atoms.

In the aforementioned formula Q ⁺ A , A is more preferably selected from the group consisting of dialkylphosphate, bis[trifluoromethanesulfonyl]imide, alkylsulfonate, bis[fluorosulfonyl]imide, chloride, dicyanamide, hexafluorophosphate, tetrafluoroborate, trifluoromethanesulfonate, perchlorate, acetate, propionate, formate, tetrachloroaluminate, monoalkylhydrogenphosphate, nitrate, where the alkyl groups in dialkylphosphate, alkylsulfonate, monoalkylhydrogenphosphate each have 1 to 10, preferably 1 to 6, more preferably 1 to 4, carbon atoms.

In the aforementioned formula Q ⁺ A , A is even more preferably selected from the group consisting of diethylphosphate, bis[trifluoromethanesulfonyl]imide, methanesulfonate, bis[fluorosulfonyl]imide, chloride, dicyanamide, hexafluorophosphate, tetrafluoroborate, trifluoromethanesulfonate, perchlorate, acetate, propionate, formate, tetrachloroaluminate, monoethylhydrogenphosphate, nitrate.

In the aforementioned formula Q ⁺ A , A is even more preferably selected from the group consisting of trifluoromethanesulfonate, bis[trifluoromethanesulfonyl]imide, diethylphosphate, dicyanamide, most preferably from the group consisting of trifluoromethanesulfonate,

bis[trifluoromethanesulfonyl]imide, and the very most preferably trifluoromethanesulfonate.

1.2.3 Amount of the ionic liquid used

The amount of the ionic liquid used is not subject to any further restriction. However, it is preferable that the total weight of the ionic liquid encompassed by the electrode material in the first aspect of the invention, based on the total weight of the organic redox polymer P non-conjugated in the main chain which is encompassed by the electrode material, is in the range of 0.1 % to 1000% by weight, more preferably in the range of 1 % to 500% by weight, yet more preferably in the range of 5% to 200% by weight, even more preferably in the range of 40% to 160% by weight, even more preferably still in the range of 80% to 120% by weight, and is most preferably 100% by weight. 1.3 Conductivity additive

The electrode material in the first aspect of the present invention also comprises a conductivity additive.

1.3.1 Preferred conductivity additives

The conductivity additive is at least one electrically conductive material, especially selected from the group consisting of carbon materials, electrically conductive polymers, metals, semimetals, (semi)metal compounds, preferably selected from carbon materials, electrically conductive polymers.

According to the invention,“(semi)metals” are selected from the group consisting of metals, semimetals, and are preferably metals.

The conductivity additive is more preferably a carbon material. Carbon materials are especially selected from the group consisting of carbon fibres, carbon nanotubes, graphite, graphene, carbon black, fullerenes. Electrically conductive polymers are especially selected from the group consisting of polypyrroles, polyanilines, polyphenylenes, polypyrenes, polyazulenes, polynaphthylenes, polycarbazoles, polyindoles, polyazepines, polyphenylene sulfides, polythiophenes, polyacetylenes, poly(3,4- ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrenesulfonate (= PEDOT SS), polyarcenes, poly-(p- phenylenevinylenes).

Metals are especially selected from the group consisting of zinc, iron, copper, silver, gold, chromium, nickel, tin, indium.

Semimetals are especially selected from silicon, germanium, gallium, arsenic, antimony, selenium, tellurium, polonium.

1.3.2 Preferred amount of the conductivity additives

The amount of the conductivity additive used is not subject to any further restriction. However, it is preferable that the total weight of the conductivity additive encompassed by the electrode material in the first aspect of the invention, based on the total weight of the redox polymer P encompassed by the electrode material, is in the range of 0.1 % to 1000% by weight, preferably in the range of 10% to 500% by weight, more preferably in the range of 30% to 100% by weight, yet more preferably in the range of 40% to 80% by weight, even more preferably in the range of 50% by weight to 60% by weight, and is most preferably 58.3% by weight.

1.4 Binder additive

The electrode material in the first aspect of the present invention optionally also comprises a binder additive.

Binder additives are familiar to the person skilled in the art as materials having binding properties. Preference is given to polymers selected from the group consisting of polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyhexafluoropropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polycarbonate, polystyrene, polyacrylate, polymethacrylate, polysulfone, cellulose derivatives, polyurethane, and the binder additive is more preferably polyvinylidene fluoride.

In the cases in which the electrode material in the first aspect of the invention comprises a binder additive, the amount thereof used is not subject to any further restriction. However, it is preferable in these cases that the total weight of the binder additive encompassed by the electrode material, based on the total weight of the organic redox polymer P encompassed by the electrode material, is in the range of 0.001 % to 100% by weight, more preferably in the range of 0.083% to 90% by weight, yet more preferably in the range of 3% to 70% by weight, even more preferably in the range of 5% to 50% by weight, even more preferably still in the range of 8.3% to 20% by weight, and is most preferably 16.6% by weight.

1.5 Electrode and charge storage means

1.5.1 Electrode

The present invention also relates to an electrode (another word "electrode element") comprising the inventive electrode material of the first aspect of the present invention, and especially a substrate. The substrate of the electrode element is especially selected from conductive materials, preferably metals, carbon materials, oxide substances.

Metals suitable with preference as substrate for the electrode element are selected from platinum, gold, iron, copper, aluminium, zinc or a combination of these metals. Preferred carbon materials suitable as substrate for the electrode element are selected from glassy carbon, graphite foil, graphene, carbon skins. Preferred oxide substances suitable as substrate for the electrode element are, for example, selected from the group consisting of indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), antimony zinc oxide (AZO), fluorine tin oxide (FTO) or antimony tin oxide (ATO), zinc oxide (ZO).

The surface layer of the electrode element comprises at least the electrode material according to the invention in the first aspect of the invention as redox-active material for charge storage.

The electrode material according to the invention in the first aspect of the invention is especially applied as electrode slurry to the substrate of the electrode element.

The electrode slurry in this case is especially a solution or suspension and comprises the polymer P according to the invention, the above-described ionic liquid and, in particular, the above- described conductivity additive and optionally the above-described binder additive.

The electrode slurry preferably comprises a solvent.

Solvents used for the electrode slurry are independently one or more solvents, preferably solvents having a high boiling point, more preferably selected from the group consisting of A/-methyl-2- pyrrolidone, water, dimethyl sulfoxide, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, g-butyrolactone, tetrahydrofuran, dioxolane, sulfolane, L/,L/ ¹ - dimethylformamide, A/./V-dimethylacetamide, preferably A/-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, water, more preferably A/-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. The concentration of the redox-active material, especially of the redox polymer P according to the invention, for storage of electrical energy in the abovementioned electrode slurry is preferably between 1 and 100 mg/ml, more preferably between 5 and 50 mg/ml.

In the embodiment in which the electrode material according to the invention takes the form of an at least partial surface coating of electrode elements for electrical charge storage means, especially secondary batteries, an electrode element has an at least partial layer on a substrate surface. This layer especially comprises the electrode material in the first aspect of the invention, comprising at least one conductivity additive, at least one ionic liquid and at least one organic redox polymer P non-conjugated in the main chain, redox-active material for charge storage and optionally also at least one binder additive.

The application of the electrode material according to the invention in the first aspect of the invention (another expression for composition: "composite") on the substrate is possible by means of methods known to those skilled in the art. More particularly, the electrode material according to the invention, in the first aspect of the invention, is applied as electrode slurry to the substrate by means of bar coating, slot die coating, screenprinting or stencil printing. 1.5.2 Charge storage means

The present invention also relates to an electrical charge storage means, especially a secondary battery, comprising the electrode according to the invention.

In general, redox-active electrode materials for storage of electrical energy are materials that can store electrical charge and release it again, for example by accepting and releasing electrons. The electrode material according to the invention in the first aspect of the invention may accordingly be used, for example, as active electrode material in an electrical charge storage means. Such electrical charge storage means for storage of electrical energy are especially selected from the group consisting of secondary batteries (also called "accumulators"), redox flow batteries, supercapacitors, and preferably secondary batteries.

Preferably, the electrical charge storage means is a secondary battery. A secondary battery comprises a negative electrode and a positive electrode which are separated from one another by a separator, and an electrolyte which surrounds the electrodes and the separator.

The separator is a porous layer which is ion-permeable and enables the balancing of the charge. The task of the separator is to separate the positive electrode from the negative electrode and to enable balancing of charge through permeation of ions. The separator used in the secondary battery is especially a porous material, preferably a membrane consisting of a polymeric compound, for example polyolefin, polyamide or polyester. In addition, it is possible to use separators made from porous ceramic materials, glass microfibres. The main task of the electrolyte is to assure ion conductivity, which is needed to balance the charge. The electrolyte of the secondary battery may be either a liquid or an oligomeric or polymeric compound having high ion conductivity (“gel electrolyte" or“solid state electrolyte"). Preference is given, however, to an oligomeric or polymeric compound.

If the electrolyte is liquid, it is especially composed of one or more solvents and one or more conductive salts.

The solvent of the electrolytes preferably independently comprises one or more solvents having a high boiling point and high ion conductivity but low viscosity, for example acetonitrile, dimethyl sulfoxide, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, g-butyrolactone, tetrahydrofuran, dioxolane, 1 ,2-dimethoxyethane, 1 ,2- diethoxyethane, diglyme, triglyme, tetraglyme, ethyl acetate, 1 ,3-dioxolane or water.

The conductive salt in the electrolyte consists of a cation of the formula M ^e+ and an anion of the formula An ^f of the formula (M ^e+ ) _a (An ^f )b where e and f are integers depending on the charge of M and An, and a and b are integers that represent the molecular composition of the conductive salt. Cations used in the abovementioned conductive salt are positively charged ions, preferably metals of the first and second main groups, for example lithium, sodium, potassium or magnesium, but also other metals of the transition groups, such as zinc, and organic cations, for example quaternary ammonium compounds such as tetraalkylammonium compounds.

Anions used in said conductive salt are preferably inorganic anions such as hexafluorophosphate, tetrafluoroborate, triflate, hexafluoroarsenate, hexafluoroantimonate, tetrafluoroaluminate, tetrafluoroindate, perchlorate, bis(oxalato)borate, tetrachloroaluminate, tetrachlorogallate, but also organic anions, for example N(CF3S0 ₂ ) ₂ , CF3SO3 , alkoxides, for example ferf-butoxide or iso- propoxide, but also halides such as fluoride, chloride, bromide and iodide.

If ionic liquids are used, they can be used either as solvent of the electrolyte, as conductive salt, or else as complete electrolyte.

If the polymer P used in accordance with the invention is used as redox-active material for electrical charge storage means as the positive electrode element, the redox-active material used for electrical charge storage in the negative electrode may be a material which exhibits a redox reaction at a lower electrochemical potential than the polymer of this invention. Preference is given to those materials selected from the group consisting of carbon materials, which are especially selected from the group consisting of graphite, graphene, carbon black, carbon fibres, carbon nanotubes, metals or alloys, which are especially selected from the group consisting of lithium, sodium, magnesium, lithium-aluminium, Li-Si, Li-Sn, Li-Ti, Si, SiO, S1O2, Si-SiC complex, Zn, Sn, SnO, SnC>2, PbO, PbOå, GeO, GeOå, WO2, M0O2, Fe203, Nb20s, T1O2, LUTisO^, and L TisOz, and organic redox-active materials. Examples of organic redox-active materials are compounds having a stable organic radical, compounds having an organosulfur unit, having a quinone structure, compounds having a dione system, conjugated carboxylic acids and salts thereof, compounds having a phthalimide or naphthalimide structure, compounds having a disulfide bond and compounds having a phenanthrene structure and derivatives thereof. If an abovementioned redox- active oligomeric or polymeric compound is used in the negative electrode, this compound may also be a composite, i.e. a composition, consisting of this oligomeric or polymeric compound, a conductivity additive and a binder additive in any ratio. The conductivity additive in this case too is especially at least one electrically conductive material, preferably selected from the group consisting of carbon materials, electrically conductive polymers, and especially carbon materials. Carbon materials are especially selected from the group consisting of carbon fibres, carbon nanotubes, graphite, carbon black, graphene, and are more preferably carbon fibres. Electrically conductive polymers are especially selected from the group consisting of polyanilines, polythiophenes, polyacetylenes, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrenesulfonate (= "PEDOT SS"), polyarcenes. Binder additives in this case too are especially materials having binder properties and are preferably polymers selected from the group consisting of

polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyhexafluoropropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polycarbonate, polystyrene, polyacrylate, polymethacrylate, polysulfone, cellulose derivatives, polyurethane.

This composite may, as described above, be applied as a layer on a substrate by a known filmforming process with the aid of an electrode slurry.

II. Second aspect of the invention: process for producing an electrode

The present invention also relates, in a second aspect, to a process for producing electrodes, comprising the following steps:

(a) mixing at least one organic redox polymer P non-conjugated in the main chain, at least one ionic liquid, at least one conductivity additive, optionally at least one solvent and optionally at least one binding additive to obtain a mixture M,

(b) applying the mixture M to a substrate,

(c) optionally at least partly removing the solvent.

Step (a) of the process according to the invention

In step (a) of the process according to the invention,

at least one organic redox polymer P non-conjugated in the main chain;

at least one ionic liquid;

at least one conductivity additive;

optionally at least one solvent;

and optionally at least one binder additive;

are mixed to give a mixture M.

The mixture M obtained after step (a) of the process according to the invention is especially an electrode slurry.

11.1 Redox polymer P used in the process according to the invention

The organic redox polymer P non-conjugated in the main chain which is used in the process according to the invention for producing an electrode in the second aspect of the present invention, for the purposes of the invention, is composed of two structural features:

(1 ) a polymer backbone (the“main chain”) in which there is no conjugation,

(2) redox-active organic radicals bonded regularly or irregularly to the polymer backbone, within which there is conjugation or no conjugation. II.I .a) For the purposes of the invention, the organic redox polymer P non-conjugated in the main chain which is used in the process according to the invention for producing an electrode in the second aspect of the present invention especially comprises n ¹ mutually joined repeat units of the chemical structure (I) and/or n ² mutually joined repeat units of the chemical structure (II) and/or n ³ mutually joined repeat units of the chemical structure (III), preferably n ¹ mutually joined repeat units of the chemical structure (I) and/or n ³ mutually joined repeat units of the chemical structure (III), more preferably n ¹ mutually joined repeat units of the chemical structure (I), wherein chemical structures (I), (II), and (III) as well as the respective variables are as defined in point 1.1.a). The repeat units of the chemical structure (I) within the polymer P according to point 11.1. a) are the same or at least partly different from one another. The repeat units of the chemical structure (II) within the polymer P according to point 11.1.a) are the same or at least partly different from one another. The repeat units of the chemical structure (III) within the polymer P according to point 11.1. a) are the same or at least partly different from one another.

II.I .b) In a preferred embodiment of the second aspect of the invention as defined in point 11.1. a), the organic redox polymer P non-conjugated in the main chain which is used in the process according to the invention for producing an electrode in the second aspect of the present invention comprises n ¹ mutually joined repeat units of the chemical structure (I), wherein chemical structure (I) as well as the respective variables are as defined in point 1.1.b).

The repeat units of the chemical structure (I) within the polymer P according to point 11.1.b) are the same or at least partly different from one another.

11.1.1 Redox-active groups

The organic redox-active groups selectable for R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' in the structures (I), (II) and (III), in the second aspect of the invention, preferably as defined in point 11.1.a) and more preferably in point 11.1.b), are not subject to any further restriction. The person skilled in the art is aware of organic redox-active groups that can be used in organic batteries, and they are described, for example, in Muench et al. together with the synthesis of the respective polymers. As described in point 11.1.a) and point 11.1.b), the organic redox-active groups are preferably selected from the group consisting of redox-active aromatic imide function (A), redox-active organic function comprising at least one stable oxygen radical (B), redox-active anthraquinone/carbazole function (C), redox-active dialkoxybenzene function (D), redox-active benzoquinone function (E), redox- active triphenylamine function (G), redox-active viologen function (H), redox-active ferrocene function (J), and more preferably selected from the group consisting of redox-active aromatic imide function (A), redox-active organic function comprising at least one stable oxygen radical (B), redox- active anthraquinone/carbazole function (C), and even more preferably from the group consisting of redox-active organic function comprising at least one stable oxygen radical (B), redox-active anthraquinone/carbazole function (C), and the organic redox-active group is most preferably a redox-active organic function comprising at least one stable oxygen radical (B).

11.1 .1.1 Redox-active aromatic imide function (A)

AA.1 In the cases in which the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' radicals or the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ radicals or the R ¹ , R ¹ ' radicals or the R ¹ radical in the structures (I), (II) and (III) in the second aspect of the invention as defined in point 11.1. a) and point II.I .b) are in each case a redox-active aromatic imide function (A), this means more particularly in accordance with the invention that the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' radicals or the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ radicals or the R ¹ , R ¹ ' radicals or the R ¹ radical may each independently have the structure (A1) defined in point 1.1.1.1 , A.1 and, in the case of R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , may also each independently have the structure (A2) defined in point 1.1.1.1 , A.1.

AA.2 In a preferred embodiment of the afore mentioned point AA.1 , Ar ¹ has a structure selected from the group consisting of (A11), (A12), (A13), (A14), (A15), (A16), (A17), (A18), (A19), (A20), (A21) defined in point 1.1 .1 .1 , A.2, and Ar ² has a structure selected from the group consisting of (A22), (A23), (A24), (A25), (A26), (A27), (A28), (A29), (A30), (A31), (A32) defined in point 1.1 .1 .1 , A.2. AA.3 In a preferred embodiment of the aforementioned point AA.1 or AA.2, what is meant in accordance with the invention in the cases in which the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' radicals or the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ radicals or the R ¹ , R ¹ ' radicals or the R ¹ radical in the structures (I), (II) or (III) in the second aspect of the invention as defined in point 11.1. a) and point II. I .b) is in each case a redox- active aromatic imide function (A) is that R ¹ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' are in that case each independently selected from the group consisting of the structures (A101), (A102), (A103), (A104) defined in point 1.1 .1 .1 , A.3, and R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ in that case are each independently selected from the group consisting of the structures (A201), (A202), (A203), (A204) defined in point 1.1.1.1 , A.3.

AA.4 In a preferred embodiment of the aforementioned point AA.3, what is meant in accordance with the invention in the cases in which the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' radicals or the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ radicals or the R ¹ , R ¹ ' radicals or the R ¹ radical in the structures (I), (II) or (III) in the second aspect of the invention as defined in point 11.1. a) and point II. I .b) is in each case a redox-active aromatic imide function (A) is that the R ¹ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' radicals or the R ¹ , R ¹ ' radicals or the R ¹ radical are in that case each independently selected from the group consisting of the structures (A101), (A103) defined in AA.3, and preferably each have a structure (A101), where the definitions of (iii ^A1 ), R ^A101 , R ^A102 , _R A1¥ _R A104 _R A112, _R A11 _{3 > R} A114 _R A115, _R A1 ie _{> R} A117 _{are d efj ned in} point AA.3, and the R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ radicals in that case are each independently selected from the group consisting of the structures (A201), (A202) defined in AA.3, and preferably each have a structure (201), where the definitions of (v ^A2 ), (vi ^A2 ), X ^A202 , R ^A201 A202 A203 A204 A205 A206 A207 A208 are as defined in point AA.3.

AA.5 In a particularly preferred embodiment of the second aspect of the invention as defined in II. I .b) or point AA.4), the organic redox polymer P non-conjugated in the main chain which is used in the process according to the invention for producing an electrode in the second aspect of the present invention especially comprises n ¹ mutually joined repeat units of the chemical structure (I), wherein the chemical structure (I) and the variables are as defined in point 1.1 .1.1 , A.5.

11.1 .1.2 Redox-active organic function comprising at least one stable oxygen radical (B)

BB.1 In the cases in which the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' radicals or the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ radicals or the R ¹ , R ¹ ' radicals or the R ¹ radical in the structures (I), (II) and (III) in the second aspect of the invention as defined in point 11.1. a) and point II.I .b) are in each case a redox-active organic function comprising at least one stable oxygen radical (B), this means more particularly in accordance with the invention that the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' radicals or the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ radicals or the R ¹ , R ¹ ' radicals or the R ¹ radical are each independently selected from one of the structures (B1), (B2) defined in point 1.1 .1.2, B1. BB.2 In a preferred embodiment of the aforementioned point BB.1 , the structure (B1) has a structure selected from the group consisting of the structures (B11), (B12), (B13) defined in point 1.1 .1 .2, B2, preferably from the structure (B11) defined in point 1.1.1.2, B2.

BB.3 In a particularly preferred embodiment of the second aspect of the invention as defined in II. I .b), the organic redox polymer P non-conjugated in the main chain which is used in the process according to the invention for producing an electrode in the second aspect of the present invention especially comprises n ¹ mutually joined repeat units of the chemical structure (I) defined in point 1.1 .1 .2, B3.

11.1 .1.3 Redox-active anthraquinone/carbazole function (C¾

CC.1 In the cases in which the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' radicals or the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ radicals or the R ¹ , R ¹ ' radicals or the R ¹ radical in the structures (I), (II) and (III) in the second aspect of the invention as defined in point 11.1. a) and point II.I .b) are in each case a redox-active

anthraquinone/carbazole function (C), this means more particularly in accordance with the invention that the R ¹ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' or R ¹ , R ¹ ' or R ¹ radicals are each independently selected from one of the structures (C1), (C2) defined in point 1.1.1.3, C1 , and the R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ radicals are each independently selected from the group consisting of the following structures (C3), (C4) defined in point 1.1 .1 .3, C1. CC.2 In a preferred embodiment of the aforementioned point CC.1 , what is meant in the cases in which the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' radicals or the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ radicals or the R ¹ , R ¹ ' radicals or the R ¹ radical in the structures (I), (II) and (III) in the second aspect of the invention as defined in point 11.1 .a) and point 11.1.b) are each a redox-active anthraquinone/carbazole function (C) is that the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' radicals or the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ radicals or the R ¹ , R ¹ ' radicals or the R ¹ radical are each independently selected from one of the structures (C11), (C12), (C13), (C14), (C15), (C16), (C17), (C18), (C19), (C20) defined in point 1.1.1.3, C2. CC.3 In a preferred embodiment of the aforementioned point CC.2, what is meant in accordance with the invention in the cases in which the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' radicals or the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ radicals or the R ¹ , R ¹ ' radicals or the R ¹ radical in the structures (I), (II) and (III) in the second aspect of the invention as defined in point 11.1. a) and point II. I .b) are each a redox-active anthraquinone/carbazole function (C) is that the R ¹ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' radicals or the R ¹ , R ¹ ' radicals or the R ¹ radical are selected from the structures (C101), (C102), (C103), (C104), (C105), (C106), (C107), (C108), (C109), (C110), (C111), (C112), (C113), (C114) defined in point 1.1.1.3, C3, preferably from the group consisting of the structures (C101), (C102), (C103), (C104), (C105), (C113) defined in point 1.1.1.3, C3, and R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ are selected from the group consisting of the following structures (C201), (C202),

(C203), (C204), (C205), (C206), (C207), (C208), (C209), (C210), (C211), (C212), (C213) defined in point 1.1 .1 .3, C3, preferably from the group consisting of the following structures (C201), (C202), (C203), (C204), (C205) (C212) defined in point 1.1.1.3, C3. CC.4 In a more preferred embodiment of the aforementioned point CC.3, what is meant in accordance with the invention in the cases in which the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' radicals or the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ radicals or the R ¹ , R ¹ ' radicals or the R ¹ radical in the structures (I), (II) or (III) in the second aspect of the invention as defined in point 11.1. a) and point II. I .b) is in each case a redox- active anthraquinone/carbazole function (C) is that the R ¹ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' radicals or the R ¹ , R ¹ ' radicals or the R ¹ radical are each independently selected from the group consisting of the structures (C301), (C302), (C303), (C304), (C305), (C306), (C307) defined in point 1.1.1.3, C4, and the R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ radicals are selected from the group consisting of the structures (C401), (C402), (C403), (C404), (C405), (C406), (C407) defined in point 1.1.1.3, C4. CC.5 In a more preferred embodiment of the aforementioned point CC.4, what is meant in accordance with the invention in the cases in which the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' radicals or the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ radicals or the R ¹ , R ¹ ' radicals or the R ¹ radical in the structures (I), (II) or (III) in the second aspect of the invention as defined in point 11.1. a) and point II. I .b) are each a redox-active anthraquinone/carbazole function (C) is that R ¹ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' radicals or the R ¹ , R ¹ ' radicals or the R ¹ radical are selected from the group consisting of the structures (C301), (C302), (C303), (C304) defined in point C.4, and the R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ radicals are selected from the group consisting of the structures (C401), (C402), (C403), (C404) defined in point C.4, where (ix ^C3 ), (xi ^C4 ), (xii ^C4 ) and the C301 C302 C303 C304 C305 C306 C307 C308 C309 C310 C311 C312 C313 C314 C315 C316 C317 C318 C319 C320 C321 C322 C323 C324 C325 C326 C327 C328 C329 C330 C331 C332 C333 C401 C402 C403 C404 C405 C406 C407 C408 C409 C410 C411 RC412 C413 C414 C415 C416 RC417 C418 C419 C420 RC421 RC422 C423 C424 C425 C426 RC427

Re ⁴²⁸ RC429 _rac |j _ca | _s have the definition given in point C.4.

CC.6 In a particularly preferred embodiment of the second aspect of the invention as defined in II.I.b) or point CC.5, the organic redox polymer P non-conjugated in the main chain which is used in the process according to the invention for producing an electrode in the second aspect of the present invention especially comprises n ¹ mutually joined repeat units of the chemical structure (I) defined in point 1.1.1.3, C6. CC.7 In a most preferred embodiment of the aforementioned point CC.6, R ¹ ' is hydrogen and R ¹ is selected from the group consisting of the structures (C501), (C502) defined in point 1.1.1.3, C7, even more preferably, R ¹ is a compound of the structure (C501) defined in point 1.1.1.3, C7.

11.1.1.4 Redox-active dialkoxybenzene function (D) DD.1 In the cases in which the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' radicals or the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ radicals or the R ¹ , R ¹ ' radicals or the R ¹ radical in the structures (I), (II) and (III) in the second aspect of the invention as defined in point 11.1. a) and point II.I.b) are in each case a redox-active

dialkoxybenzene function (D), this means more particularly in accordance with the invention that the R ¹ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' or R ¹ , R ¹ ' or R ¹ radicals each independently have the structure (D1) defined in point 1.1.1.4, D1 and the R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ radicals each independently have the structure (D2) defined in point 1.1.1.4, D1.

DD.2 In a preferred embodiment of the aforementioned point DD.1, what is meant in the cases in which the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' radicals or the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ radicals or the R ¹ , R ¹ ' radicals or the R ¹ radical in the structures (I), (II) and (III) in the second aspect of the invention as defined in point 11.1.a) and point 11.1.b) are in each case a redox-active dialkoxybenzene function (D) is that the R ¹ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' or R ¹ , R ¹ ' or R ¹ radicals each independently have the structure (D1) defined in point 1.1.1.4, D2 and the R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ radicals each independently have the structure (D2) defined in point 1.1.1.4, D2.

DD.3 In a preferred embodiment of the aforementioned point DD.2, what is meant in the cases in which the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' radicals or the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ radicals or the R ¹ , R ¹ ' radicals or the R ¹ radical in the structures (I), (II) and (III) in the second aspect of the invention as defined in point 11.1.a) and point 11.1.b) are in each case a redox-active dialkoxybenzene function (D) is that the R ¹ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' or R ¹ , R ¹ ' or R ¹ radicals each independently have the structure (D3) defined in point 1.1.1 .4, D3 and the R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ radicals each independently have the structure (D4) defined defined in point 1.1.1.4, D3.

DD.4 In a preferred embodiment of the aforementioned point DD.3, what is meant in the cases in which the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' radicals or the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ radicals or the R ¹ , R ¹ ' radicals or the R ¹ radical in the structures (I), (II) and (III) in the second aspect of the invention as defined in point 11.1 .a) and point 11.1 .b) are in each case a redox-active dialkoxybenzene function (D) is that the R ¹ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' or R ¹ , R ¹ ' or R ¹ radicals independently have the structure (D3) defined in point defined in point 1.1.1.4, D4 and R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ each independently have the structure (D4) defined in point 1.1 .1 .4, D4.

DD.5 In a preferred embodiment of the aforementioned point DD.4, what is meant in the cases in which the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' radicals or the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ radicals or the R ¹ , R ¹ ' radicals or the R ¹ radical in the structures (I), (II) and (III) in the second aspect of the invention as defined in point 11.1 .a) and point 11.1 .b) are in each case a redox-active dialkoxybenzene function (D) is that the R ¹ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' or R ¹ , R ¹ ' or R ¹ radicals independently have the structure (D5) defined in point 1.1 .1.4, D5 and the R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ radicals each independently have the structure (D6) defined in point 1.1 .1.4, D5.

DD.6 In a preferred embodiment of the aforementioned point DD.5, what is meant in the cases in which the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' radicals or the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ radicals or the R ¹ , R ¹ ' radicals or the R ¹ radical in the structures (I), (II) and (III) in the second aspect of the invention as defined in point 11.1 .a) and point 11.1 .b) are in each case a redox-active dialkoxybenzene function (D) is that the R ¹ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' or R ¹ , R ¹ ' or R ¹ radicals independently have the structure (D5) defined in point

I.1 .1.4, D6 and R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ each independently have the structure (D6) defined in point 1.1.1.4, D6.

DD.7 In a particularly preferred embodiment of the second aspect of the invention as defined in II. I .b) or point DD.6), the organic redox polymer P non-conjugated in the main chain which is used in the process according to the invention for producing an electrode in the second aspect of the present invention especially comprises n ¹ mutually joined repeat units of the chemical structure (I) defined in point 1.1.1.4, D7.

II.1 .1.5 Redox-active benzoquinone function (E)

EE.1 In the cases in which the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' radicals or the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ radicals or the R ¹ , R ¹ ' radicals or the R ¹ radical in the structures (I), (II) and (III) in the second aspect of the invention as defined in point 11.1. a) and point II.I .b) are in each case a redox-active benzoquinone function (E), this means more particularly in accordance with the invention that the R ¹ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' or R ¹ , R ¹ ' or R ¹ radicals are each independently selected from the structures (E1), (E2), (E3) defined in point 1.1.1.5, E1 ,

and the R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ radicals are each independently selected from the group consisting of the structures (E4), (E5), (E6), (E7), (E8), (E9) defined in point 1.1.1.5, E1.

EE.2 In a preferred embodiment of the aforementioned point EE.1 , what is meant in the cases in which the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' radicals or the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ radicals or the R ¹ , R ¹ ' radicals or the R ¹ radical in the structures (I), (II) and (III) in the second aspect of the invention as defined in point 11.1 .a) and point 11.1 .b) are in each case a redox-active benzoquinone function (E) is that the R ¹ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' or R ¹ , R ¹ ' or R ¹ radicals are each independently selected from the structures (E1), (E2), (E3) defined in point 1.1 .1.5, E2 and the R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ radicals are each independently selected from the structures (E4), (E5), (E6), (E7), (E8), (E9) defined in point 1.1 .1.5, E2.

EE.3 In a preferred embodiment of the aforementioned point EE.2, what is meant in the cases in which the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' radicals or the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ radicals or the R ¹ , R ¹ ' radicals or the R ¹ radical in the structures (I), (II) and (III) in the second aspect of the invention as defined in point 11.1.a) and point 11.1.b) are in each case a redox-active benzoquinone function (E) is that the R ¹ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' or R ¹ , R ¹ ' or R ¹ radicals are each independently selected from the structures (E1), (E2), (E3) defined in point 1.1.1.5, E3 and the R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ radicals are each independently selected from the structures (E4), (E5), (E6), (E7), (E8), (E9) defined in point 1.1.1.5, E3.

EE.4 In a preferred embodiment of the aforementioned point EE.3, what is meant in the cases in which the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' radicals or the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ radicals or the R ¹ , R ¹ ' radicals or the R ¹ radical in the structures (I), (II) and (III) in the second aspect of the invention as defined in point 11.1 .a) and point 11.1 .b) are in each case a redox-active benzoquinone function (E) is that the R ¹ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' or R ¹ , R ¹ ' or R ¹ radicals are each independently selected from the structures (E1), (E2), (E3) defined in point 1.1 .1.5, E4 and the R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ radicals are each independently selected from the structures (E4), (E5), (E6), (E8), (E9) defined in point 1.1.1.5, E4.

EE.5 In a preferred embodiment of the aforementioned point EE.4, what is meant in the cases in which the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' radicals or the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ radicals or the R ¹ , R ¹ ' radicals or the R ¹ radical in the structures (I), (II) and (III) in the second aspect of the invention as defined in point 11.1 .a) and point 11.1 .b) are in each case a redox-active benzoquinone function (E) is that the R ¹ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' or R ¹ , R ¹ ' or R ¹ radicals are each independently selected from the structures (E1), (E2), (E3) defined in point 1.1 .1.5, E5 and the R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ radicals are each independently selected from the structures (E6), (E9) defined in point 1.1.1.5, E5.

EE.6 In a particularly preferred embodiment of the second aspect of the invention as defined in II. I .b), the organic redox polymer P non-conjugated in the main chain which is used in the process according to the invention for producing an electrode in the second aspect of the present invention especially comprises n ¹ mutually joined repeat units of the chemical structure (I) defined in point 1.1.1.5, E6.

11.1 .1.6 Redox-active triphenylamine function (G¾

GG.1 In the cases in which the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' radicals or the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ radicals or the R ¹ , R ¹ ' radicals or the R ¹ radical in the structures (I), (II) and (III) in the second aspect of the invention as defined in point 11.1. a) and point II.I .b) are in each case a redox-active triphenylamine function (G), this means more particularly in accordance with the invention that the R ¹ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' or R ¹ , R ¹ ' or R ¹ radicals each independently have the structure (G1) defined in point 1.1.1 .6, Gland the R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ radicals are each independently selected from the group consisting of the structures (G2), (G3) defined in point 1.1.1 .6, G1.

GG.2 In a particularly preferred embodiment of the second aspect of the invention as defined in II. I .b), the organic redox polymer P non-conjugated in the main chain which is used in the process according to the invention for producing an electrode in the second aspect of the present invention especially comprises n ¹ mutually joined repeat units of the chemical structure (I) defined in point 1.1.1.6, G2. GG.3 In a preferred embodiment of the aforementioned point GG.2, the redox-active

triphenylamine function (G) is selected from the structures (G4), (G5), (G6) defined in point 1.1.1 .6, G3.

GG.4 In a preferred embodiment of the aforementioned point GG.3, the redox active

triphenylamine function (G) has the structure (G4) defined in point 1.1 .1.6, G4.

11.1 .1.7 Redox-active violoqen function (H)

HH.1 In the cases in which the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' radicals or the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ radicals or the R ¹ , R ¹ ' radicals or the R ¹ radical in the structures (I), (II) and (III) in the second aspect of the invention as defined in point 11.1.a) and point 11.1.b) are in each case a redox-active viologen function (H), this means more particularly in accordance with the invention that the R ¹ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' or R ¹ , R ¹ ' or R ¹ radicals are each independently selected from the group consisting of the structures (H1), (H2) defined in point 1.1.1.7, H1 ,

and the R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ radicals are each independently selected from the group consisting of the structures (H3), (H4), (H5), (H6), (H7) defined in point 1.1 .1 .7, H1.

HH.2 In a preferred embodiment of the aforementioned point HH.1 , what is meant in the cases in which the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ’ radicals or the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ radicals or the R ¹ , R ¹ ' radicals or the R ¹ radical in the structures (I), (II) and (III) in the second aspect of the invention as defined in point 11.1.a) and point 11.1.b) are each a redox-active viologen function (H) is that the R ¹ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' or R ¹ , R ¹ ' or R ¹ radicals each independently have the structure (H1) defined in point 1.1.1.7, H2, and R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ each independently have the structure (H7) defined in point 1.1.1.7, H2. HH.3 In a particularly preferred embodiment of the second aspect of the invention as defined in II.I .b), the organic redox polymer P non-conjugated in the main chain which is used in the process according to the invention for producing an electrode in the second aspect of the present invention especially comprises n ¹ mutually joined repeat units of the chemical structure (I) defined in point

1.1.1.7, H3. 11.1.1.8 Redox-active ferrocene function (J)

JJ.1 In the cases in which the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' radicals or the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ radicals or the R ¹ , R ¹ ' radicals or the R ¹ radical in the structures (I), (II) and (III) in the second aspect of the invention as defined in point 11.1. a) and point II.I .b) are in each case a redox-active ferrocene function (J), this means more particularly in accordance with the invention that the R ¹ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' or R ¹ , R ¹ ' or R ¹ radicals each independently have the structure (J1) defined in point 1.1.1.8, J1 and the R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ radicals are each independently selected from the group consisting of the structures (J2), (J3), (J4) defined in point 1.1.1.8, J1. JJ.2 In a particularly preferred embodiment of the second aspect of the invention as defined in

II.I .b), the organic redox polymer P non-conjugated in the main chain which is used in the process according to the invention for producing an electrode in the second aspect of the present invention especially comprises n ¹ mutually joined repeat units of the chemical structure (I) defined in point

1.1.1.8, J2. 11.1.2 Linker units

L ¹ , L ² , L ³ , L ⁴ , L ⁵ , L ⁶ , L L ¹ ', L ² ', L ³ ' or L ¹ , L ¹ ', in the second aspect of the invention as defined in point 11.1. a) or point II.I .b), in the structures (I), (II) and (III) or the structure (I), are each independently selected from the group consisting of direct bond, organic linker unit. Organic linker units of this kind are not subject to any further restriction and are known to those skilled in the art.

In the cases in which L ¹ , L ² , L ³ , L ⁴ , L ⁵ , L ⁶ , L ⁷ , L ¹ ', L ² ', L ³ ' or L ¹ , L ¹ ', in the second aspect of the invention as defined in point 11.1. a) or point II.I .b), in the structures (I), (II) and (III), are each an organic linker unit, this means more particularly in accordance with the invention that L ¹ , L ² , L ³ , L ⁴ , L ⁵ , L ⁶ , L ⁷ , L ¹ ', L ² ', L ³ ' in that case are each independently selected from the group consisting of

(L11), (L12) defined in point 1.1.2. 11.1.2.1 Preferred linker units in redox-active aromatic imide functions (A)

LAA.1 In a preferred embodiment, in the second aspect of the present invention, in the cases in which the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ’ radicals or the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ radicals or the R ¹ , R ¹ ' radicals or the R ¹ radical in the structures (I), (II) and (III) in the second aspect of the invention as defined in point 11.1 .a) and point 11.1 b) are each a redox-active aromatic imide function (A), and especially in the cases in which the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' radicals or the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ radicals or the R ¹ ,

R ¹ ' radicals or the R ¹ radical have the structures defined in the above point AA.1 , more preferably AA.2, even more preferably AA.3, even more preferably still AA.4, and also in the case in which the organic redox polymer P non-conjugated in the main chain, in the second aspect of the invention, comprises a structure as defined in point AA.5,

L ¹ , L ² , L ³ , L ⁴ , L ⁵ , L ⁶ , L ⁷ , L ¹ ', L ² ’ or L ³ ' in that case are preferably selected from the group consisting of direct bond, (LA11), (LA12) defined in point 1.1.2.1 , LA.1.

LAA.2 In a preferred embodiment of the aforementioned point LAA.1 , X ^LA2 , Y ^LA2 , Y ^LA5 , X ^LA1 , X ^LA3 , Y ^LA1 , Y ^LA3 , Y ^LM , Y ^LA6 , B ^la1 , respectively, have the meaning defined in point 1.1.2.1 , LA2.

LAA.3 In a preferred embodiment of the aforementioned point LAA.2, L ¹ , L ² , L ³ , L ⁴ , L ⁵ , L ⁶ , L ⁷ , L ¹ ',

L ² ', L ³ ' are as defined in point 1.1.2.1 , LA3.

11.1.2.2 Preferred linker units for redox-active organic functions comprising at least one stable oxygen radical (B)

LBB.1 In a preferred embodiment of the second aspect of the present invention, in the cases in which the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ’ radicals or the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ radicals or the R ¹ , R ¹ ' radicals or the R ¹ radical in the structures (I), (II) and (III) in the second aspect of the invention as defined in point 11.1. a) and point II. I .b) are each a redox-active organic function comprising at least one stable oxygen radical (B), and especially in the cases in which the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' radicals or the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ radicals or the R ¹ , R ¹ ' radicals or the R ¹ radical have the structures defined in the above point BB.1 , more preferably BB.2, and also in the case in which the polymer P in the second aspect of the invention comprises a structure as defined in point BB.3,

L ¹ , L ² , L ³ , L ⁴ , L ⁵ , L ⁶ , L ⁷ , L ¹ ', L ² ', L ³ ' in that case are preferably selected from the group consisting of direct bond, (LB11), (LB12) defined in point 1.1.2.2, LB.1.

LBB.2 In a preferred embodiment of the aforementioned point LBB.1 , X ^LB2 , Y ^LB2 , Y ^LB5 , X ^LB1 , X ^LB3 , yLBi yi_B3 yLB4 yLB6 gi_A2 respectively, have the meaning defined in point 1.1.2.2, LB2.

LBB.3 In a preferred embodiment of the aforementioned point LBB.2, L ¹ , L ² , L ³ , L ⁴ , L ⁵ , L ⁶ , L ⁷ , L ¹ ', L ² ', L ³ ' are as defined in point 1.1.2.2, LB3. 11.1.2.3 Preferred linker units for redox-active anthraquinone/carbazole function (C¾

LCC.1 In a more preferred embodiment of the second aspect of the present invention, in the cases in which the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ’ radicals or the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ radicals or the R ¹ , R ¹ ' radicals or the R ¹ radical in the structures (I), (II) and (III) in the second aspect of the invention as defined in point 11.1 .a) and point 11.1 b) are each a redox-active anthraquinone/carbazole function (C), and especially in the cases in which the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' radicals or the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ radicals or the R ¹ , R ¹ ' radicals or the R ¹ radical have the structures defined in the above point CC.1 , preferably CC.2, more preferably CC.3, even more preferably CC.4, even more preferably still CC.5, and also in the case in which the organic redox polymer P non-conjugated in the main chain, in the second aspect of the invention, comprises a structure as defined in point CC.6, preferably CC.7,

L ¹ , L ² , L ³ , L ⁴ , L ⁵ , L ⁶ , L ⁷ , L ¹ ', L ² ', L ³ ' in that case are preferably selected from the group consisting of direct bond, (LC11), (LC12) defined in point 1.1 .2.3, LC.1.

LCC.2 In a preferred embodiment of the aforementioned point LCC.1 , X ^LC2 , Y ^LC2 , Y ^LC5 , X ^LC1 , X ^LC3 , y ^L c ⁱ y ^LC3 y ^LC4 y ^LC6 g ⁱ _c ⁱ respectively, have the meaning defined in point 1.1.2.3, LC.2.

LCC.3 In a preferred embodiment of the aforementioned point LCC.2, L ¹ , L ² , L ³ , L ⁴ , L ⁵ , L ⁶ , L ⁷ , L ¹ ', L ² ', L ³ ' are as defined in point 1.1.2.3, LC.3.

11.1.2.4 Preferred linker units for redox-active dialkoxybenzene function (D)

LDD.1 In a more preferred embodiment of the second aspect of the present invention, in the cases in which the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ’ radicals or the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ radicals or the R ¹ , R ¹ ' radicals or the R ¹ radical in the structures (I), (II) and (III) in the second aspect of the invention as defined in point 11.1 .a) and point 11.1.b) are each a redox-active phenoxy compound (D), and especially in the cases in which the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ¹ ', R ² ', R ³ ' radicals or the R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ radicals or the R ¹ , R ¹ ' radicals or the R ¹ radical have the structures defined in the above point DD.1 , preferably DD.2, more preferably DD.3, even more preferably DD.4, yet more preferably DD.5, even more preferably still DD.6, and also in the case in which the organic redox polymer P non-conjugated in the main chain, in the second aspect of the invention, comprises a structure as defined in point DD.7,

L ¹ , L ² , L ³ , L ⁴ , L ⁵ , L ⁶ , L ⁷ , L ¹ ', L ² ', L ³ ' in that case are preferably selected from the group consisting of direct bond, (LD11), (LD12) as defined in point 1.1.2.4, LD.1.

LDD.2 In a preferred embodiment of the aforementioned point LDD.1 , X ^LD2 , Y ^LD2 , Y ^LD5 , X ^LD1 , X ^LD3 , y ^LDi y ^LD3 y ^LD4 y ^LD6 g ^LDi respectively, have the meaning defined in point 1.1.2.4, LD.2. LDD.3 In a more preferred embodiment of the aforementioned point LDD.2, L ¹ , L ² , L ³ , L ⁴ , L ⁵ , L ⁶ , L ⁷ , L ¹ ', |_2' |_3> _{are as} d _e fj _nec | j _n point 1.1.2.4, LD.3.