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Title:
AN IMPROVED REFRIGERATION EVAPORATOR
Document Type and Number:
WIPO Patent Application WO/2024/000030
Kind Code:
A1
Abstract:
A refrigeration evaporator comprising: a plurality of interconnected refrigerant conveying tubes arranged in a vertically spaced apart arrangement, wherein ends of the conveying tubes are interconnected to allow flow of liquid refrigerant between the interconnected refrigerant conveying tubes under gravity, the tubes defining internal tube walls that contact liquid refrigerant flowing therethrough; a plurality of flow barriers located along the internal surface of one or more of the tubes to form flow traps and induce turbulent flow to the liquid refrigerant flowing through the tubes wherein the flow barriers are located away from the ends of the conveying along a middle section of said one or more tubes; an inlet for receiving and introducing the liquid refrigerant into at least one of said refrigerant conveying tubes to allow flow of liquid refrigerant between the ends of the interconnected refrigerant conveying tubes under gravity such during influent flow of the refrigerant liquid through the inlet, the flow traps accumulate the refrigerant liquid sequentially to impede the flow of the refrigerant liquid; one or more vapour outlets being provided to facilitate vapour to be drawn out of said one or more interconnected refrigerant conveying tubes wherein one or more of said vapour outlets are located at an in-use height which is less than the inlet to facilitate the flow of liquid refrigerant through the conveying tubes under gravity.

Inventors:
RICHARDS ALAN (AU)
HELMRICH GEOFF (AU)
Application Number:
PCT/AU2023/050596
Publication Date:
January 04, 2024
Filing Date:
June 29, 2023
Export Citation:
Click for automatic bibliography generation   Help
Assignee:
ALGESACOOLING PTY LTD (AU)
International Classes:
F28F1/40; F25B39/02; F28D1/047; F28F13/04; F28F13/12
Foreign References:
US2292803A1942-08-11
US2446763A1948-08-10
US2877631A1959-03-17
JPH0297899A1990-04-10
US2300579A1942-11-03
GB489286A1938-07-22
Attorney, Agent or Firm:
MICHAEL BUCK IP (AU)
Download PDF:
Claims:
CLAIMS 1. A refrigeration evaporator comprising: one or more interconnected refrigerant conveying tubes arranged in a vertically spaced apart arrangement, wherein ends of the conveying tubes or tubular sections thereof are interconnected to allow flow of liquid refrigerant between the interconnected refrigerant conveying tubes under gravity, the tubes defining internal tube walls that contact liquid refrigerant flowing therethrough; a plurality of flow barriers located along the internal surface of one or more of the tubes to form flow traps and induce turbulent flow to the liquid refrigerant flowing through the tubes wherein the flow barriers are located away from the ends of the conveying along a middle section of said one or more tubes; an inlet for receiving and introducing the liquid refrigerant into at least one of said refrigerant conveying tubes to allow flow of liquid refrigerant between the ends of the interconnected refrigerant conveying tubes under gravity such during influent flow of the refrigerant liquid through the inlet, the flow traps accumulate the refrigerant liquid sequentially to impede the flow of the refrigerant liquid; one or more vapour outlets being provided to facilitate vapour to be drawn out of said one or more interconnected refrigerant conveying tubes wherein one or more of said vapour outlets are located at an in-use height which is less than the inlet to facilitate the flow of liquid refrigerant through the conveying tubes under gravity. 2. A refrigeration evaporator in accordance with claim 1 wherein the refrigerant conveying tubes are interconnected by U-shaped connecting tubes to allow flow of refrigerant liquid between the interconnected tubes under gravity and reverse direction of flow for the liquid refrigerant wherein the flow traps in each refrigerant conveying tube sequentially impede the flow of liquid refrigerant.

21 3. A refrigeration evaporator in accordance with claim 1 or claim 2 wherein the barriers are spaced apart from each other and arranged along the length of each refrigerant conveying tube between the ends of each said conveying tube. 4. A refrigeration evaporator in accordance with any one of the preceding claims wherein the flow barriers comprise indentations formed along the internal tube walls, each indentation being dimensioned to form a corresponding flow obstruction member. 5. A refrigeration evaporator in accordance with claim 4 wherein each flow obstruction member comprises a height that is less than half the diameter of the refrigerant conveying tube. 6. A refrigeration evaporator in accordance with any one of the preceding claims wherein the flow barriers are provided along a plurality of sections of the refrigerant tubes and wherein the turbulence inducing barriers are at least located along in-use lower portions of each section. 7. A refrigeration evaporator in accordance with any one of the preceding claims wherein each turbulence inducing flow barrier comprises an indentation with a first taper that extends in an opposite direction relative to a second taper that wherein the first and second taper intersect to form an edge portion extending transversely relative to the direction of flow of the refrigerant fluid. 8. A refrigeration evaporator in accordance with claim 7 wherein the first taper extends away from a first adjoining portion of the internal surface of the tube to terminate along the edge portion and the second taper extends in the opposite direction from the edge towards a second adjoining portion of the internal surface of the tube thereby resulting in the edge portion being elevated relative to the first and second adjoining portions of the internal surface.

22 9. A refrigeration evaporator in accordance with claim 7 wherein the first taper extends downwardly from a first adjoining portion of the internal surface of the tube into a recessed cavity to terminate along the edge portion and the second taper extends upwardly from the edge portion towards a second adjoining portion of the internal surface of the tube thereby resulting in the edge portion being recessed relative to the first and second adjoining portions of the internal surface to form said recessed cavity. 10. A refrigeration evaporator in accordance with any one of the preceding claims wherein the refrigerant conveying tubes further comprise strengthening structures located adjacent the turbulence inducing barriers. 11. A refrigeration evaporator in accordance with any one of claims 8 to 10 wherein the strengthening structure comprises internal wall portions of the tube being bonded at a location adjacent the turbulence inducing barriers. 12. A refrigeration evaporator in accordance with any one of the preceding claims wherein the refrigerant conveying tube comprises a plurality heat exchange fins disposed around an outer peripheral surface of the refrigerant conveying tube. 13. A refrigeration evaporator in accordance with any one of the preceding claims further comprising an additional vapour circuit comprising respective draw off vapour channels being provided to receive flow of refrigerant vapour from corresponding refrigerant conveying tubes. 14. A refrigeration evaporator comprising: one or more interconnected refrigerant conveying tubes, the tubes defining internal tube walls that contact liquid refrigerant flowing therethrough; 23 a plurality of serpentine flow barriers disposed lengthwise along a longitudinal direction of one or more of said conveying tubes to form flow traps and induce turbulent flow to the refrigerant flowing through the tube wherein the flow barriers are spaced away from an internal wall portion of the tube to form an in-use volume portion to provide a flow path for vapourised refrigerant to flow the tube; an inlet for receiving and introducing the liquid refrigerant into at least one of said refrigerant conveying tubes to allow flow of liquid refrigerant between the interconnected refrigerant conveying tubes under gravity such during influent flow of the refrigerant liquid through the inlet, the flow traps accumulate the refrigerant liquid sequentially to impede the flow of the refrigerant liquid; one or more vapour outlets being provided to facilitate vapour to be drawn out of said one or more interconnected refrigerant conveying tubes, wherein one or more of said vapour outlets are located at an in-use height which is less than the inlet to facilitate the flow of liquid refrigerant through the conveying tubes under gravity. 15. A refrigerant evaporator in accordance with claim 14 wherein the serpentine flow barriers are formed from bent wire. 16. A refrigerant evaporator in accordance with claim 15 wherein the serpentine flow barrier comprises a coil spring shape. 17. A refrigerant evaporator in accordance with claim 14 wherein the serpentine flow barriers are formed from a twisted planar body. 18. A refrigerant evaporator in accordance with any one of claims 14 to 17 wherein the serpentine flow barriers comprise protrusions or indentations. 19. A refrigerant evaporator in accordance with any one of claims 14 to 18 wherein the serpentine flow barriers are flexible.

24 20. A method of manufacturing a refrigerant evaporator, the refrigerant evaporator comprising one or more interconnected refrigerant conveying tubes, the tubes defining internal tube walls that contact liquid refrigerant flowing therethrough wherein the evaporator comprises an inlet for receiving and introducing the liquid refrigerant into at least one of said refrigerant conveying tubes to allow flow of liquid refrigerant between the interconnected refrigerant conveying tubes under gravity such during influent flow of the refrigerant liquid through the inlet, the flow traps accumulate the refrigerant liquid sequentially to impede the flow of the refrigerant liquid, the method comprising the step of: inserting serpentine flow barriers disposed lengthwise along a longitudinal direction of one or more of said conveying tubes to form flow traps for inducing turbulent flow to the refrigerant flowing through the tube by positioning the flow barriers away from an upper internal wall portion of the tubes in a spaced apart relationship to form an in-use volume portion to provide a flow path for vapourised refrigerant to flow the tube. 21. A method of manufacturing a refrigerant evaporator, the refrigerant evaporator comprising one or more interconnected refrigerant conveying tubes, the tubes defining internal tube walls that contact liquid refrigerant flowing therethrough wherein the evaporator comprises an inlet for receiving and introducing the liquid refrigerant into at least one of said refrigerant conveying tubes to allow flow of liquid refrigerant between the interconnected refrigerant conveying tubes under gravity such during influent flow of the refrigerant liquid through the inlet, the flow traps accumulate the refrigerant liquid sequentially to impede the flow of the refrigerant liquid, the method comprising the step of: forming indentations along the internal surface of the conveying tubes, the indentations being disposed lengthwise along a longitudinal direction of one or more of said conveying tubes to form flow traps for inducing turbulent flow to the refrigerant flowing through the tube wherein the indentations are formed in the tubes by leaving a sufficient volume between the indentations and an internal wall portion of the tubes by positioning the flow barriers away from an upper internal wall portion of the tubes to provide a flow path for vapourised refrigerant to flow the tube.

25 22. A refrigeration evaporator comprising: a plurality of interconnected refrigerant conveying tubes arranged in a vertically spaced apart arrangement, wherein ends of the conveying tubes are interconnected to allow flow of liquid refrigerant between the interconnected refrigerant conveying tubes under gravity, the tubes defining internal tube walls that contact liquid refrigerant flowing therethrough; a plurality of flow barriers located along the internal surface of one or more of the tubes to form flow traps and induce turbulent flow to the liquid refrigerant flowing through the tubes wherein the flow barriers are arranged radially along the internal surface relative to a longitudinal axis for each conveying tube such that the flow barriers are located along in-use lower portions, upper portions and intermediate portions located between said lower an upper portions of the internal surfaces for said one or more conveying tubes; an inlet for receiving and introducing the liquid refrigerant into at least one of said refrigerant conveying tubes to allow flow of liquid refrigerant between the ends of the interconnected refrigerant conveying tubes under gravity such during influent flow of the refrigerant liquid through the inlet, the flow traps accumulate the refrigerant liquid sequentially to impede the flow of the refrigerant liquid; one or more vapour outlets being provided to facilitate vapour to be drawn out of said one or more interconnected refrigerant conveying tubes wherein one or more of said vapour outlets are located at an in-use height which is less than the inlet to facilitate the flow of liquid refrigerant through the conveying tubes under gravity. 23. A refrigeration evaporator in accordance with claim 22 wherein the flow barriers are located away from the ends of the conveying along a middle section of said one or more tubes. 24. A refrigeration evaporator in accordance with claim 23 wherein the refrigerant conveying tubes are interconnected by U-shaped connecting tubes to allow flow of 26 refrigerant liquid between the interconnected tubes under gravity and reverse direction of flow for the liquid refrigerant wherein the flow traps in each refrigerant conveying tube sequentially impede the flow of liquid refrigerant. 25. A refrigeration evaporator in accordance with any one of the preceding claims wherein the flow barriers comprise indentations formed along the internal tube walls, each indentation being dimensioned to form a corresponding flow obstruction member. 26. A refrigeration evaporator in accordance with claim 25 wherein each flow obstruction member comprises a height that is less than half the diameter of the refrigerant conveying tube. 27. A refrigeration evaporator in accordance with any one of claims 22 to 25 wherein the refrigerant conveying tubes further comprise strengthening structures located adjacent the turbulence inducing barriers. 28. A refrigeration evaporator in accordance with claim 27 wherein the strengthening structure comprises internal wall portions of the tube being bonded at a location adjacent the turbulence inducing barriers. 29. A refrigeration evaporator in accordance with any one of claims 22 to 28 wherein the refrigerant conveying tube comprises a plurality heat exchange fins disposed around an outer peripheral surface of the refrigerant conveying tube. 30. A refrigeration evaporator in accordance with any one of claims 22 to 29 further comprising an additional vapour circuit comprising respective draw off vapour channels being provided to receive flow of refrigerant vapour from corresponding refrigerant conveying tubes.

Description:
AN IMPROVED REFRIGERATION EVAPORATOR TECHNICAL FIELD [001] The present invention relates to a heat exchanger, particularly an evaporator for a more thermodynamically efficient refrigerator. BACKGROUND [002] Any references to methods, apparatus or documents of the prior art are not to be taken as constituting any evidence or admission that they formed, or form part of the common general knowledge. [003] Currently known evaporator systems flood the evaporator tubes with liquid refrigerant. As the liquid is fed into the evaporator, the droplets combine into pools. This is due to the cohesion and surface tension of liquids. The pools continue to grow as they move through the evaporator. The liquid pools increase in size until they completely block sections of the pipe or evaporator structure. When the liquid pools increase in size enough to completely block sections of the pipe, they are generally referred to as ‘slugs of liquid’ as shown in Figures 1 to 4. These slugs in combination with the trapped pockets of vapour between the slugs, restrict the movement of liquid through the evaporator. Free movement of liquid through the evaporator is undesirable as any liquid leaving the evaporator could enter the compressor and cause damage. Liquid leaving the evaporator and moving through the suction line and or entering the compressor is generally referred to as ‘flood back’. Liquid can be fed from the top or bottom in evaporators. The liquid slugs and trapped pockets of vapour are used to push/pull the liquid through the evaporator. [004] Referring to Figure 3, a schematic diagram is shown for a section of an internal tube of a conventional evaporator. ‘A’ represents internal walls for the conveying tube of the evaporator. As discussed earlier liquid refrigerant ‘B’ forms pools as it moves through the evaporator tubes. Droplets of liquid are combined and pulled into a spherical shape by cohesive forces. ‘C’ denotes pressure from the surrounding vapour inhibiting liquid droplet ‘D’ from expanding. The liquid molecules within the droplet D absorb enough heat energy to break its molecular bond with the surrounding liquid molecules resulting in the formation of the liquid droplet. The liquid molecule needs to gain sufficient heat energy to break the molecular bond with the surrounding liquid molecules and overcome the cohesion and surface tension of the liquid pool. ‘E’ denotes bubbles of vapour forming and insulating the heat load from the liquid. When molecules of liquid change to vapour they are trapped by the cohesion and weight of the liquid and hence have reduced ability to grow or escape, this also forms an insulating barrier between the liquid and the heat load. ‘F’ denotes heat load and ‘G’ denotes mass of liquid holding vapour bubbles down. The weight of the liquid in combination with the cohesion of the liquid molecules reduce the ability of the liquid molecules to break their bond and expand to vapour. ‘H’ denotes thermal conduction into the surrounding liquid molecules. As the heat energy builds up in the liquid molecule some of the heat energy is dissipated into the surrounding liquid molecules due to conduction. This slows downs the liquid molecule breaking its molecular bond with the surrounding liquid droplets and expanding into vapour. [005] Figure 4 shows a schematic diagram depicting a sectional view of an evaporator tube with liquid slugs separated by vapour trapped there between. Liquid slugs are formed blocking off the pipe and trap pockets of vapour between them. The trapped vapour holds pressure against the liquid molecules, this slows down the liquid molecule from being able to expand and change to vapour. It is understood by the inventor that the liquid inside the slugs ability to absorb sufficient energy to break their molecular bonds with their surrounding liquid molecules is dependent on the difference between the pressure on the liquid and the thermal load. [006] Compressors for refrigerators generally are designed to remove the vapour being produced in the evaporator. The compressor needs to remove the vapour at a rate that will maintain a lower temperature/pressure of the vapour/liquid in the evaporator than the temperature in the cabinet. In order to drop the temperature of the refrigerated cabinet or space a TD (Temperature difference) needs to be established between the temperature of the heat load and the temperature/pressure inside the evaporator. This TD facilitates the movement of energy from the heat load into the liquid inside the evaporator causing it to boil off into vapour. [007] In currently known systems, the compressor is designed to provide a low enough pressure inside the evaporator to facilitate sufficient liquid boil off. [008] In conventional thinking it is assumed the entire evaporator is at the same or very similar pressure. It would be difficult to measure the micro pressure changes, pressure gradients and pressure waves going on in the sections of trapped vapour, liquid slugs and at the surface of the liquid where the thermal load forces the liquid molecules to break their bond. When a liquid molecule breaks its bond and becomes vapour the volume occupied by the molecules increases significantly. It is hypothesized that this volume could increase by as much as 100 times. This rapidly expanding vapour increases the instantaneous pressure around the surface of the liquid. A pressure gradient will be created from the surface of the liquid into the vapour. Any restriction or vapour lock will increase the effect of this pressure gradient. This pressure gradient will slow down the next liquid molecule from breaking the bond and changing to vapour. Any liquid that is inside the liquid pools will have a reduced thermal load and will not readily break the bond and change to vapour. To increase the boiling off for the liquid, a large TD is required so the temperature gradient transfers into the liquid pools. The system is designed for the compressor to provide the suction needed to maintain the required TD. [009] Excessive noise in the evaporator of vapour compression systems is also not desirable. Often the systems are installed in living and sleeping areas and users are expecting a fridge to be seen and not heard. The noise generated in evaporators are caused by the pressure waves generated by the rapid boiling of the liquid molecules and the resultant micro-bursts of pressure are trapped between the slugs of liquid and so they reverberate through the liquid and vapour and into the piping, evaporator and cabinet structure. SUMMARY OF INVENTION [0010] In an aspect, the invention provides a refrigeration evaporator comprising: one or more interconnected refrigerant conveying tubes arranged in a vertically spaced apart arrangement, wherein ends of the conveying tubes are interconnected to allow flow of liquid refrigerant between the interconnected refrigerant conveying tubes under gravity, the tubes defining internal tube walls that contact liquid refrigerant flowing therethrough; a plurality of flow barriers located along the internal surface of one or more of the tubes to form flow traps and induce turbulent flow to the liquid refrigerant flowing through the tubes wherein the flow barriers are located away from the ends of the conveying along a middle section of said one or more tubes; an inlet for receiving and introducing the liquid refrigerant into at least one of said refrigerant conveying tubes to allow flow of liquid refrigerant between the ends of the interconnected refrigerant conveying tubes under gravity such during influent flow of the refrigerant liquid through the inlet, the flow traps accumulate the refrigerant liquid sequentially to impede the flow of the refrigerant liquid; one or more vapour outlets being provided to facilitate vapour to be drawn out of said one or more interconnected refrigerant conveying tubes wherein one or more of said vapour outlets are located at an in-use height which is less than the inlet to facilitate the flow of liquid refrigerant through the conveying tubes under gravity. [0011] In an embodiment, the refrigerant conveying tubes are interconnected by U- shaped connecting tubes to allow flow of refrigerant liquid between the interconnected tubes under gravity and reverse direction of flow for the liquid refrigerant wherein the flow traps in each refrigerant conveying tube sequentially impede the flow of liquid refrigerant. [0012] In an embodiment, the barriers are spaced apart from each other and arranged along the length of each refrigerant conveying tube between the ends of each said conveying tube. [0013] In an embodiment, the flow barriers comprise indentations formed along the internal tube walls, each indentations being dimensioned to form a corresponding obstruction member. [0014] In an embodiment, each flow barrier member comprises a height that is less than half the diameter of the refrigerant conveying tube. [0015] A refrigeration evaporator in accordance with any one of the preceding claims wherein the flow barriers are provided along a plurality of sections of the refrigerant tubes and wherein the turbulence inducing barriers are located along in-use lower portions of each section. [0016] In an embodiment, each turbulence inducing barrier comprises an indentation with a first taper that extends in an opposite direction relative to a second taper and wherein the first and second taper intersect to form an edge portion extending transversely relative to the direction of flow of the refrigerant fluid. [0017] In one embodiment, the first taper extends away from a first adjoining portion of the internal surface of the tube to terminate along the edge portion and the second taper extends in an opposite direction from the edge towards a second adjoining portion of the internal surface of the tube thereby resulting in the edge portion being elevated relative to the first and second adjoining portions of the internal surface. [0018] In an alternative embodiment, the first taper extends downwardly from a first adjoining portion of the internal surface of the tube into a recessed cavity to terminate along the edge portion and the second taper extends upwardly from the edge portion towards a second adjoining portion of the internal surface of the tube thereby resulting in the edge portion being recessed relative to the first and second adjoining portions of the internal surface to form said recessed cavity. [0019] In an embodiment, the refrigerant conveying tubes further comprise strengthening structures located adjacent the turbulence inducing barriers. [0020] In an embodiment, the strengthening structure comprises internal wall portions of the tube being bonded at a location adjacent the turbulence inducing barriers. [0021] In an embodiment, the refrigerant conveying tube comprises a plurality heat exchange fins disposed around an outer peripheral surface of the refrigerant conveying tube. [0022] In an embodiment, the evaporator further comprises an additional vapour circuit comprising respective draw off vapour channels being provided to receive flow of refrigerant vapour from corresponding refrigerant conveying tubes. [0023] In another aspect, the invention provides a refrigeration evaporator comprising: one or more interconnected refrigerant conveying tubes, the tubes defining internal tube walls that contact liquid refrigerant flowing therethrough; a plurality of serpentine flow barriers disposed lengthwise along a longitudinal direction of one or more of said conveying tubes to form flow traps and induce turbulent flow to the refrigerant flowing through the tube wherein the flow barriers are spaced away from an internal wall portion of the tube to form an in-use volume portion to provide a flow path for vapourised refrigerant to flow the tube; an inlet for receiving and introducing the liquid refrigerant into at least one of said refrigerant conveying tubes to allow flow of liquid refrigerant between the interconnected refrigerant conveying tubes under gravity such during influent flow of the refrigerant liquid through the inlet, the flow traps accumulate the refrigerant liquid sequentially to impede the flow of the refrigerant liquid; one or more vapour outlets being provided to facilitate vapour to be drawn out of said one or more interconnected refrigerant conveying tubes, wherein one or more of said vapour outlets are located at an in-use height which is less than the inlet to facilitate the flow of liquid refrigerant through the conveying tubes under gravity. [0024] In an embodiment, the serpentine flow barriers are formed from bent wire. [0025] In an embodiment, the serpentine flow barrier comprises a coil spring shape. [0026] In an embodiment, the serpentine flow barriers are formed from a twisted planar body. [0027] In an embodiment, the serpentine flow barriers comprise protrusions or indentations. [0028] In an embodiment, the serpentine flow barriers are flexible. [0029] In yet another aspect, there is provided a method of manufacturing a refrigerant evaporator, the refrigerant evaporator comprising one or more interconnected refrigerant conveying tubes, the tubes defining internal tube walls that contact liquid refrigerant flowing therethrough wherein the evaporator comprises an inlet for receiving and introducing the liquid refrigerant into at least one of said refrigerant conveying tubes to allow flow of liquid refrigerant between the interconnected refrigerant conveying tubes under gravity such during influent flow of the refrigerant liquid through the inlet, the flow traps accumulate the refrigerant liquid sequentially to impede the flow of the refrigerant liquid, the method comprising the step of: inserting serpentine flow barriers disposed lengthwise along a longitudinal direction of one or more of said conveying tubes to form flow traps for inducing turbulent flow to the refrigerant flowing through the tube by positioning the flow barriers away from an upper internal wall portion of the tubes in a spaced apart relationship to form an in-use volume portion to provide a flow path for vapourised refrigerant to flow the tube. [0030] In another embodiment, the invention provides a method of manufacturing a refrigerant evaporator, the refrigerant evaporator comprising one or more interconnected refrigerant conveying tubes, the tubes defining internal tube walls that contact liquid refrigerant flowing therethrough wherein the evaporator comprises an inlet for receiving and introducing the liquid refrigerant into at least one of said refrigerant conveying tubes to allow flow of liquid refrigerant between the interconnected refrigerant conveying tubes under gravity such during influent flow of the refrigerant liquid through the inlet, the flow traps accumulate the refrigerant liquid sequentially to impede the flow of the refrigerant liquid, the method comprising the step of: forming indentations along the internal surface of the conveying tubes, the indentations being disposed lengthwise along a longitudinal direction of one or more of said conveying tubes to form flow traps for inducing turbulent flow to the refrigerant flowing through the tube wherein the indentations are formed in the tubes by leaving a sufficient volume between the indentations and an internal wall portion of the tubes by positioning the flow barriers away from an upper internal wall portion of the tubes to provide a flow path for vapourised refrigerant to flow the tube. [0031] In another aspect, the invention provides a refrigeration evaporator comprising: a plurality of interconnected refrigerant conveying tubes arranged in a vertically spaced apart arrangement, wherein ends of the conveying tubes are interconnected to allow flow of liquid refrigerant between the interconnected refrigerant conveying tubes under gravity, the tubes defining internal tube walls that contact liquid refrigerant flowing therethrough; a plurality of flow barriers located along the internal surface of one or more of the tubes to form flow traps and induce turbulent flow to the liquid refrigerant flowing through the tubes wherein the flow barriers are arranged radially along the internal surface relative to a longitudinal axis for each conveying tube such that the flow barriers are located along in-use lower portions, upper portions and intermediate portions located between said lower an upper portions of the internal surfaces for said one or more conveying tubes; an inlet for receiving and introducing the liquid refrigerant into at least one of said refrigerant conveying tubes to allow flow of liquid refrigerant between the ends of the interconnected refrigerant conveying tubes under gravity such during influent flow of the refrigerant liquid through the inlet, the flow traps accumulate the refrigerant liquid sequentially to impede the flow of the refrigerant liquid; one or more vapour outlets being provided to facilitate vapour to be drawn out of said one or more interconnected refrigerant conveying tubes wherein one or more of said vapour outlets are located at an in-use height which is less than the inlet to facilitate the flow of liquid refrigerant through the conveying tubes under gravity. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS [0032] Preferred features, embodiments and variations of the invention may be discerned from the following Detailed Description which provides sufficient information for those skilled in the art to perform the invention. The Detailed Description is not to be regarded as limiting the scope of the preceding Summary of the Invention in any way. The Detailed Description will make reference to a number of drawings as follows: Figures 1 and 2 depict build of liquid “slugs” in conventional evaporator systems of the prior art. Figure 3 is a sectional view of a liquid pool or droplet formed inside a tube of a conventional evaporator system from the prior art. Figure 4 is a schematic illustration shown the building up of liquid slugs with refrigerant vapour being trapped between liquid slugs in conventional evaporator system from the prior art. Figure 5 is a sectional view of an evaporator 100 in accordance with an embodiment. Figure 6A is an enlarged sectional view of the tubular section 110 being used in a suction line evaporator 100 showing the flow path of liquid refrigerant and vapour phase refrigerant during use. Figure 6B is another enlarged sectional view of the tubular section 110 showing the flow path of liquid refrigerant in a standard evaporator whereby the tubular section 110 is subject to heat loading with no insultation.. Figures 7 and 8 show frontal and perspective views of an 100 in accordance with a preferred embodiment. Figures 9 and 10 show embodiments of the evaporator 100A and 100B respectively whereby the tubular sections 110 have been arranged in two different serpentine configurations around a tank. Figures 11 and 12 illustrate side views and top views of the evaporator 100 with optional vapour bypass channels 150. Figures 13 to 15 illustrate sectional views of the tubular section 110 with indented flow controlling barriers that are projecting (140) and recessed (140') with optional strengthening structures 145. Figures 16 and 17 illustrate roll-bonded evaporator versions 100''' and 100'''A. Figures 18 to 24 various embodiments of fin and tube type evaporators generally denoted by 1000 in accordance with another embodiment. Figures 25 to 42 illustrate various alternative embodiments of the tubular sections 110 denoted by 110A to 110N respectively. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS [0033] The refrigeration cycle will be explained for ease of explanation. The refrigeration cycle is a closed circuit and comprises a compressor, a condenser, a capillary tube, a drier, an evaporator, and interconnecting refrigerant tubes. The compressor compresses a refrigerant into a high-temperature and high-pressure gas- phase refrigerant. The condenser condenses the refrigerant from the compressor into a high-temperature and high-pressure liquid-phase refrigerant. [0034] Figures 5, 6, 9 and 10 illustrate a first non-limiting embodiment of an improved refrigeration evaporator 100 in accordance with a first embodiment for use in a refrigeration cycle for improved efficiency. The evaporator 100 comprises a plurality of conveying tube sections 110 that are interconnected in a generally serpentine configuration that often use U-shaped connectors 115. The embodiment shown in Figure 9, however, does not use the U-shaped connectors which indicates that the use of the U-shaped connectors is not limiting. The evaporator 100 includes at least one inlet 120 for receiving and introducing the liquid refrigerant from the condenser via an expansion device (eg. capillary) into interconnected conveying tubes 110 to allow flow of the liquid refrigerant between the interconnected refrigerant conveying tubes under gravity. The evaporator also includes a vapour outlet 130 to allow vapourised refrigerant to exit the evaporator and be returned to the compressor. It is important to note that the inlet 120 is located at a greater vertical elevation (in-use height) when compared with the vapour outlet 130 and 125 shows the general direction of liquid refrigerant flow along gravity. [0035] Each of the interconnected sections 110 includes a plurality of flow barriers 140 in the form of indentations that are located along an internal surface of the tubes 110 to form flow traps along the flow path of the liquid refrigerant during use and introduce turbulent flow which creates a liquid vapour mixture due to the positioning of the flow traps . These indentations or flow barriers 140 are spaced apart from each other and generally arranged along the length of each tube section 110 between two opposite ends of each conveying tube. [0036] We refer to Figures 6 and 6A which shows an enlarged sectional view for the evaporator 100. The indentations 140 are located along an in-use lower internal surface for each tubular section 110 and each indentation comprises a height that is less than the diameter of the tubular section 110. In the currently illustrated embodiment, the height (h B ) for each indentation 140 which forms a flow restricting barrier that comprises a height that is less than half the height (hD) of the tubular section 110. As is evident from the figures, each indentation comprises a first taper 142 that extends upwardly and a second taper 144 that extends downwardly and wherein the first and second taper intersect to form an edge portion 143 extending transversely relative to the direction of flow of the refrigerant fluid. [0037] It is hypothesised by the inventor that the indentations in the tubular sections 110 improve the efficiency in the evaporator 100 as a result of improved thermal transfer rate and or improving the ability of liquid molecules to change to vapour by reducing the thermal and or mechanical effects of the surrounding liquid and vapour in the evaporator 100 between the heat load and the liquid refrigerant while maintaining as small a TD as possible. (TD-Temperature difference between the thermal load and the temperature/pressure of the liquid/vapour in the evaporator). As shown best in Figure 6, pooling of the liquid phase refrigerant occurs due to the provision of the barriers 140 along the flow path of the liquid refrigerant. The internal surface of the tubular sections 110 is curved and oily and these characteristics assists the liquid to form spherical shapes due to the cohesive forces of the liquid refrigerant. [0038] The flow barriers or indentations 140 with the tapering surfaces provide restrictions, obstacles and different design shapes to oppose the spherical cohesive forces combining the liquid droplets into larger pools. It is understood by the inventors that the dispersion and breakup of the liquid pools into small droplets and or the turbulence creates a vapour liquid gaseous mixture. This reduces the individual liquid molecules from being affected thermally and or mechanically by the surrounding liquid or vapour, therefore improving the ability of the liquid molecules to break their molecular bond with the surrounding liquid molecules and be able to expand mostly uninhibited into the vapour areas. This may also occur due to an increase in the quantity of liquid molecules of which are in direct contact or in close proximity with the heat load and are able to expand into vapour without being trapped, weighed down or effected thermally or mechanically by the surrounding liquid or being restricted by the pressure of trapped vapour pockets. The provision of the indentation barriers 140 contains and mitigates the flow of liquid in the evaporator 100 and flood-back is reduced significantly. By trapping or placing barriers that contain and mitigate the flow of the liquid in the evaporator flood-back is significantly reduced. When the liquid flow rate of the refrigerant is considerably larger (when compared to the scenario shown in Figure 6A and 6B), the liquid refrigerant during flow isn’t being broken into droplets and the indentations 140 give rise to turbulence which produces dispersion. The dispersion is achieving the result of allowing the liquid molecules more degrees of freedom. [0039] Importantly, as vapour phase refrigerant moves across the surface of the liquid, waves are created and these waves build up along the length of the conveying tubes 110. As the vapour velocity increases the waves start to break and droplets of liquid are carried in suspension with the vapour. By adding restrictions or barriers to the liquid flow the wave formation is broken. This reduces the liquid being carried in suspension past the barriers 140 or being pushed over the barriers 140 by the vapour. The barriers 140 positioned along the flow path of the liquid phase refrigerant break up the liquid refrigerant flow into smaller droplets and or create turbulence and a vapour liquid gaseous mixture to the liquid flow and the vapour is free to bypass the liquid droplets thrown into suspension are carried by the vapour, gravity will cause the droplets to fall. The velocity of the vapour will determine the distance the droplets will travel before they fall out of the vapour flow. The vapour areas especially above the barriers need to have a sufficient volume to lower the vapour velocity to significantly reduce the carrying of liquid in suspension by the vapour. The design is for the liquid to flow over the barriers not to be carried or pushed by the vapour. It has been found that the vapour riser 150 and 155 is critical by design of the length angle and diameter to prevent the liquid refrigerant from being carried into the suction line. The vapour velocity needs to be low enough for the gravity effects on the liquid to overcome the vapour flow. The length, angle and size of tube 110 needs to be designed to allow enough time for gravity to pull the liquid out of suspension and allow it to flow back into the liquid traps. [0040] As far as the working of the compressor is concerned, ideally the vapour available at the cylinder should be at a positive pressure so it fills the cylinder on the suction stroke without putting any extra load on the motor. To achieve maximum efficiency the rate of liquid boiling off to vapour and being removed by the compressor should be a similar amount. Such a scenario would result in the compressor using minimal power each time the piston completes the downward stroke in the cylinder. [0041] When the vapour is allowed to flow freely through the evaporator and the flow of the liquid has restrictions or barriers which mitigate and create turbulence and a vapour liquid gaseous mixture to increase the boil off rate, a feedback loop is expected be established between the evaporator 100 heat load and the compressor. The feedback loop will continually adjust to maintain the highest possible evaporator pressure at the current heat load. This feedback loop is self-adjusting as when the compressor lowers the pressure on the liquid in the evaporator 100, the liquid will rapidly boil off to vapour until the pressure of the liquid/vapour mixture is corresponding to the evaporator temperature. The evaporator 100 temperature is being influenced by the heat load in the cabinet. When the pressure in the evaporator 100 reaches and corresponds to the evaporator 100 temperature no more liquid will boil off to vapour until the compressor removes some of the vapour again dropping the pressure. The improvement in the liquid molecules being able to easily break their bonds and change into vapour, in addition to the free movement of vapour through the evaporator 100, results in a boil off rate that responds very quickly to either small changes in temperature from the heat load or suction from the compressor. This results in the system being able to operate at a lower TD (Temperature difference between the cabinet heat load and the liquid/vapour pressure) Reduction in TD increases the suction pressure and this reduces the compression ratio which improves efficiency. [0042] This feedback loop continually adjusts the vapour flow verses compressor suction to reach and maintain equilibrium. The equilibrium is achieved when the generation of vapour by the boiling off of the liquid due to the heat load on the evaporator 100 and the removal of the vapour from the evaporator by the compressor is equal. This point will continually adjust to maintain the optimum point, based on changes in heat load and compressor operation. [0043] It will be understood that convection, conduction and forced airflow are used in conjunction with and in addition to the design of the evaporator 100 to achieve improved efficiency. This also includes utilising thermal differences and gravity (as indicated by 125) to facility the required flow of vapour and liquid through the evaporator. [0044] Figures 7 and 8 show frontal and perspective views of the evaporator 100 comprising multiple tubular sections 110 that are interconnected by U-shaped tubular connectors 115 with a liquid inlet 120 on top and a vapour outlet 130 at the bottom with the liquid refrigerant flowing under gravity along several lengths of interconnected tubular sections 110 which have the flow barriers 140. [0045] Figures 9 and 10 illustrate additional embodiments of the evaporator in the form of evaporators 100A and 100B. Like reference numerals denote like features that have been previously described. The serpentine configuration of the tubular sections 110 may be achieved in a plurality of ways in a tank like configuration which could be useful for portable refrigerators. [0046] Figures 11 and 12 illustrate embodiments of the evaporator 100 with an additional vapour circuit comprising draw off vapour channels 150 associated with each tubular section 110 to receive flow of refrigerant vapour from each tubular section 110 having the flow barriers 140. The vapour bypass or draw off channels are located to allow the vapour to expand away from the liquid without pushing the liquid through the entire length of all the tubular sections 110 of the evaporator 100. Each vapour bypass channel 150 would be connected to a vapour bypass header 155 that is then connected to the suction of the vapour outlet 130. The height and size of these rises connecting to the vapour outlet 130 is important to prevent liquid refrigerant from being thrown up or liquid being carried in suspension by the velocity of the vapour flow. [0047] Figures 13 to 15 show a comparison of two different types of flow barriers 140. The tapering configuration of the upwardly projecting flow barrier indentations 140 may be replaced by recessed indentations which provide flow traps to form pools of liquid refrigerant in the evaporator 100'. Figure 15 shows a further embodiment in which inner portions 140'' of the tubular sections 110 located adjacent and upwardly relative to the flow barriers 140 are bonded to strengthen the tubular sections 110. [0048] Figure 16 depicts yet another embodiment of the evaporator 100''' where the tubular interconnected sections 110 form an evaporator in a flat plate configuration. Figure 17 shows the evaporator 100'''A in a roll-bonded tank like configuration which can be suitable for use in portable refrigerators. [0049] Figures 18 to 24 illustrate additional embodiments of the fin and tube type evaporators that have been generally denoted by 1000. Like reference numerals denote like features that have been previously described. Unlike the previously described embodiments, each tubular section 110 comprises a plurality heat exchange fins 112 disposed around an outer peripheral surface of the refrigerant conveying tube. The tubular sections also include the plurality of spaced apart flow obstructing indentations 140. Figure 21 shows a fin and tube evaporator 1000' with a single vapour bypass 150 provided for each tubular section 110 with all the vapour bypass channels 150 feeding into the vapour head 155. Figures 22 to 24 shows a fin and tube evaporator 1000'' with two vapour bypass channels 150 located at either end of the tubular section 110 with the vapour bypass channels for either side being connected to a respective vapour head 155. In some embodiments a single or multiple bypass as shown in Figures 21 to 24 is need to enable the vapour to flow directly to the suction line without passing through other sections of the evaporator. This reduces the flow rate and velocity of the vapour in the evaporator and hence reduces the vapour creating waves on the liquid surface. These reduce the possibility of the vapour pushing the liquid waves over the barriers. [0050] The aforementioned evaporators in accordance with the various embodiments provide an increased volume for the vapour path inside the evaporator to prevent the liquid flow from restricting, impeding or blocking the free flow of the vapour through the evaporator of the present invention. The liquid flow can be mitigated/ trapped and turbulence created by the addition of the following - 1. Tanks 2. Bumps, crimps or spirals, or any other change to the evaporator structure that restricts or impedes the flow of the liquid 3. The tanks, barriers, spirals or any other restriction to the liquid flow may be in combination or in sequential or random intervals. 4. Any indent or expanded section or structure placed in the liquid or vapour path of which effects the flow. This could be spirals, crimps, bumps, spikes, expanded sections or lumps. [0051] Figures 25 to 42 show alternative structures for the flow controlling barriers 140 (described in previous sections) shown in tubular sections 110A to 110N that can allow accumulation of liquid pooling in a lower volume portion of the tubular section 110 and still allow sufficient volume for the vapour phase refrigerant to flow along an upper volume portion of the tubular section 110. It is important to note that any one or more of the tubular sections 110A to 110N described herein and illustrated in Figures 25 to 42 may be used in any of the evaporators including 100, 100A, 100B, 100’, 100’’, 100''' or 1000 without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. [0052] Figures 25 to 30 denote sectional views of various tubular sections 110A to F whereby an in-use lower part of the conveying tube 110 comprises the flow controlling barriers. Figure 25 denotes a sectional view of a tubular section 110A having a flow control barrier forming a chord across the cross section for the internal volume of the tubular section 110A. Figures 26 to 28 illustrate various projecting structures in the form of protrusions or spiral projections formed integrally with the internal surface of the tubular sections 110B to 110E to impede the flow of liquid refrigerant and allow accumulation of liquid refrigerant in flow traps while still provide sufficient volume across the cross section of the conveying tube 110 to allow vapour phase refrigerant to flow along an upper volume portion of the tubular section 110. Figure 30 illustrates the provision of a serpentine flow controlling member 140F which can be formed by inserting the serpentine flow barriers 140F disposed lengthwise along a longitudinal direction of one or more of said conveying tubes 110 to form flow traps for inducing turbulent flow to the refrigerant flowing through the tube 110. The serpentine flow controlling barriers 140F would need to be positioned away from an upper internal wall portion of the tubes in a spaced apart relationship to form an in-use volume portion to provide a flow path for vapourised refrigerant to flow the tube in order for the evaporator using such conveying tubes 110F to work in the intended manner and achieve the goal of improving flow of liquid refrigerant and reducing the possibility of slug formation in the tubes 110. [0053] Figures 31 to 40 illustrate various alternative structures for the flow controlling barriers 140 (described in previous sections) shown in tubular sections 110G to 110M whereby the barriers are not just located along the in-use lower regions of the tubular sections 110G to 110M but additionally distributed or arranged radially along the internal surface relative to a longitudinal axis for each conveying tube (110G to 110M). As a result, the flow barriers are located along in-use lower portions, upper portions and intermediate portions located between said lower an upper portions of the internal surfaces for the conveying tubes which results in better operability of the evaporator when the evaporator is positioned in an inclined or uneven surface or when the evaporator is subjected to frequent movements in applications such as portable appliances like portable fridges or freezers. The provision of the radially arranged flow barriers enable the formation of flow traps even when the evaporator incorporating tubular sections 110G to 110M is not placed on a generally level surface. [0054] Figures 31 and 32 depict a tubular section 110G in which the internal surface includes recessed channels extending radially along the internal surface of the tubular section 110G with respect to the longitudinal axis of the tube 110G to form ring-like recesses that can form flow traps irrespective of the specific orientation of the evaporator which incorporates tubular sections 110G. [0055] Figures 33 and 34 depict a tubular section 110H in which the internal surface includes recessed protrusions extending radially along the internal surface of the tubular section 110H with respect to the longitudinal axis of the tube 110G to form ring- shaped projections that can form flow traps irrespective of the specific orientation of the evaporator which incorporates tubular sections 110G. [0056] Figures 35 and 36 depict a tubular section 110J in which the internal surface includes recessed channels extending spirally along the internal surface of the tubular section 110J with respect to the longitudinal axis of the tube 110J to form spiral recesses that can form flow traps irrespective of the specific orientation of the evaporator which incorporates tubular sections 110J. [0057] Figure 36 illustrates yet another embodiment of a serpentine flow controlling barrier that has been formed integrally with the internal surface of the tubular section 110K. The working of the tubular section 110K is similar to the tubular section 110F that has been previously discussed in the earlier sections. [0058] Figures 37 and 38 depict a tubular section 110L in which the internal surface includes a first type of projections extending spirally along the internal surface of the tubular section 110L with respect to the longitudinal axis of the tube 110L to form spiral recesses that can form flow traps irrespective of the specific orientation of the evaporator which incorporates tubular sections 110L. These projections have been formed by indentation of the tube walls forming the tubular sections 110L. Figures 39 and 40 depict a tubular section 110M in which the internal surface includes a second type of projections extending spirally along the internal surface of the tubular section 110M with respect to the longitudinal axis of the tube 110M to form spiral projections that can form flow traps irrespective of the specific orientation of the evaporator which incorporates tubular sections 110M. These projections have been integrally formed with the internal surface without causing indentations on the tubular sections 110M. [0059] Figures 40 and 41 illustrate a tubular section 110N which includes the provision of spaced apart nipple members provided along an internal surface of the tubular section 110N. [0060] In compliance with the statute, the invention has been described in language more or less specific to structural or methodical features. The term “comprises” and its variations, such as “comprising” and “comprised of” is used throughout in an inclusive sense and not to the exclusion of any additional features. [0061] It is to be understood that the invention is not limited to specific features shown or described since the means herein described comprises preferred forms of putting the invention into effect. [0062] The invention is, therefore, claimed in any of its forms or modifications within the proper scope of the appended claims appropriately interpreted by those skilled in the art.