INDUCTION RESONANT SYNCHRONOUS ELECTRIC MOTOR

1. The Technical Field

The present invention relates to the technical field which is, according to the IPC, International Patent Classification, indicated as H02K.

2. The Technical Problem

The technical problem, traditionally known both in the field of induction and in the field of synchronous electric motors, includes the fact that the conversion of electrical into mechanical energy as well as vice versa, results in minor losses in electrical conductors, and also, but to the much higher extent in the electric motor magnetic circuit, stator and rotor, where traditional and generally known hysteresis losses as well as eddy current losses occur, and convert into heat, which in addition to the energy loss in the conversion process also results in an unwanted and unavoidable electric motor heating.

The indicated technical problem is to be solved by a new concept of the technical solution relating to the electric motor according to the present invention, the concept of which is reflected in the title itself: induction, resonant, synchronous electric motor, and which is radically diminishing the mentioned ferromagnetic which also results in lower electric motor working temperatures.

In addition to this, generally known deficiencies and limitations of the existing technical solutions relating to classical electric motors, which show themselves in various ways, for example as a result of friction between brushes and slip rings as well as the emergence of sparks causing malfunctions and reducing a motor lifetime are also eliminated.

3. The State of the Art

As already known, electrical machines are electromechanical devices for energy conversion, which are divided according to the direction of the energy conversion into two basic groups: generators and electric motors, where generators are the machines which convert mechanical into electrical energy, while electric motors convert electrical into mechanical energy, whereat the conversion itself is being carried out by means of magnetic field within the stator and rotor. Normally, there is not any essential difference between the classical electric generators and motors, because both of them may convert energy into both directions: electrical into mechanical and mechanical into electrical, which means, if we supply a machine with a mechanical energy by means of a shaft, it will work as a generator, and if we supply a machine with electrical energy and if we use mechanical energy on the shaft, it will work as a motor.

Energy conversion by means of electric machines is carried out in the manner that the delivered energy, W _out is always smaller than the received one W _m , whereat the difference as occurred, the loss, is consumed within themselves, converted into heat (heating energy), so that regular efforts to achieve that this part be relatively as smaller as possible, and that the degree of action h is as near as possible to 1, respectively, and which is regularly, due to the imminent occurrence of loss in the conversion, always h < 1 .

The operation of any electric machine is carried out under three basic laws of electrical engineering:

• General Induction Law (Faraday's Law);

• Circuital Law (Ampere’s Circuital Law), and

• Force Law in the Magnetic Field (Ampere’s Force Law Effecting a Conductor in the Magnetic Field).

The representation of the example of basic mechanical parts of a classical asynchronous cage motor in Fig. 1 shows that the stator (1.1 ) consists of an iron core with a winding, and that it is located in a casing for mechanical fixation. The rotor (1.2) also consists of an iron core and a winding and it is located on a shaft. The connection between the stator casing and the machine rotating parts is created by means of bearings which are located in the bearing shields. The space between the stator and the rotor is an air gap.

The windings of the electric motor are used for:

• the creation of the magnetic flux (excitation winding) or

• voltage induction (armature winding), which can be located on the salient poles or in an iron core slots.

The cores of the rotor and stator of the classical electric motors, except from mechanically holding the windings, their basic task is to conduct the magnetic flux. Therefore, they are made of ferromagnetic materials, having a good magnetic conductivity, and therefore hysteresis and eddy current losses as smaller as possible, as well as the necessary mechanical firmness to be able to deliver (motors) or receive (generators) the mechanical energy by means of a shaft. The basic feature of the existing electric motors, induction and asynchronous ones, respectively, as well as synchronous motors, is that they are used as converters of electrical into mechanical energy and that they have a series of equivalent assemblies and parts whereby the conversion is carried out on the basis of the same electromagnetic laws along with several joint defects and deficiencies, among which a share in the losses occurring in the ferromagnetics during conversion is standing out.

Both the induction and synchronous motors have a rotating part, a rotor, on which the electrical energy is transmitted from the stator (to the rotor) by means of the rotary magnetic field, which is created by passing of a three-phase current through three-phase windings located on the stator and connected to the associated three-phase voltage source. The created rotary magnetic field induces in rotor conductors the voltages and currents that create their rotary magnetic field. Interaction between those two magnetic fields, the stator and rotor ones, create electromagnetic forces and torques, the result of which is the rotor rotation. In general, according to the design of the rotor winding the motors are divided into cage motors and slip ring motors, where the slide rings with the associated brushes, are located on the shaft, by means of which the rotor winding is supplied by a power.

Figure 2 shows the basic cross-section of the magnetic circuit of a cage asynchronous motor, whereas Figure 3 shows a representation of an iron core of a 2-pole synchronous motor with cylindrical rotors and Figure 4 shows a representation of an iron core of 6-pole synchronous motor with salient poles. A representation of the rotor, 5.1 and the cage of an asynchronous motor is shown in Fig. 5.

4. The Essence of the Invention

The starting point of the technical solution relating to the induction resonant synchronous electric motor according to the present invention is the performance of the magnetic circuit according to which the stator of an induction resonant synchronous motor is carried out with at least one pair of the stator windings, SN, Fig. 7, which are individually formed and located windings, 7.1 and 7.2, and each of them has a certain number of windings, whereat each of those two stator windings consists of two individually formed and located parts of the winding, having, as a rule, the identical number of windings, so that the winding 7.1 consists of two parts 7.1-1 and 7.1-2, which can be connected in series or parallelly, and the second winding 7.2, without electric connection with the winding 7.1 , equally consists of two parts: 7.2-1 and 7.2-2, where both of those two windings may be interconnected in series or parallelly, with a reasonable endeavor that the directions of action of individual magnetomotor forces Pos. 8.1 , of those two so connected windings, 7.1 and 7.2, are identical, in the manner that it is also achieved that their summary amount is maximum.

A part of the stator winding 7.1-1 is located on the stator salient pole SIP1 , Pos. 6.1 , and other parts of the stator windings are located in the same manner so that a part of the stator winding 7.1-2 is located on the stator salient pole SIP3, Pos. 6.3, a part of the stator winding 7.2-1 is located on the stator salient pole SIP2, Pos. 6.2, and a part of the stator winding 7.2-2 is located on the stator salient pole SIP4, Pos. 6.4.

In such a way the salient stator poles, for example according to representation shown in Fig. 6, are four salient stator poles, Pos. 6.1 , Pos 6.2, Pos 6.3, and Pos 6.4, which form part of the inner surface area of the stator part of the motor, where, also the rotor of the induction resonant synchronous electric motor is carried out with a certain number of the rotor salient poles, such as shown also in Fig.6, six salient rotor poles, Pos.6.5., Pos.6.6, Pos.6.7, Pos.6.8, Pos.6.9, Pos.6.10, which thus in the same manner form part of the outer surface of the rotor part of a motor.

The stator winding 7.1 with the associated part 7.1.1 is located on the stator salient pole SIP1 , Pos. 6.1, whereas its other part 7.1.2 is located on the stator salient pole SIP3, Pos. 6.3, where the centerline of the stator 6.11 and rotor 6.12 salient poles in the stationary state are coinciding, which shall also apply to identical arrangement in the case of the stator winding 7.2, being clear from all of this, that the stator windings 7.1 and 7.2 are located at an angle of 90° four stator salient poles.

Fig. 6, shows individual associated centerline of each of the stator salient poles SIP, Pos. 6.11, marked with SSIP, Pos 6.11 , whereas the centerline of each of the rotor salient poles, RIP, are marked with SRIP, Pos. 6.12.

In Fig. 6 in combination with Fig. 7, the associated numbers of positions, relating to the parts are used as follows: The rotor winding Pos. 7.3, is located on the rotor salient pole: RIP1 , Pos. 6.5;

The rotor winding Pos. 7.4, is located on the rotor salient pole: RIP2, Pos. 6.6;

The rotor winding Pos. 7.5, is located on the rotor salient pole: RIP3, Pos. 6.7;

The rotor winding Pos. 7.6, is located on the rotor salient pole: RIP4, Pos. 6.8;

The rotor winding Pos. 7.7, is located on the rotor salient pole: RIP5, Pos. 6.9;

The rotor winding Pos. 7.8, is located on the rotor salient pole: RIP6, Pos. 6.10.

The direction of action of all the windings both of the rotor and stator ones, is marked with the corresponding signs which are represented in Fig. 8, whereas the directions of action of each of the rotor windings is marked with the corresponding signs such as represented in Fig. 10.

Each of the mentioned windings that are winded has a certain number of windings with the associated beginnings and ends of the windings, known under the name: connection, with the endeavor to be interconnected in the manner to achieve the same directions of their magnetomotive forces marked with Q (AZ), Pos. 8.1 and therewith of the magnetic fluxes (F), Pos. 8.2, the same also applying to their magnetic inductions B (T), whereat it is understood that the mark according to Pos. 8.3 refers to the north N magnetic pole whereas the mark according to Pos. 8.4, refers to the south magnetic pole S.

As a rule, individual windings both the rotor and stator ones, are interconnected and form a single unit in the way that all the windings are individually winded and connected so that the directions of activity of their magnetomotive forces marked with Q, (AZ), Pos. 8.1 and Pos. 8.2, respectively, be mutually harmonized so that the sum of their individual magnetomotive forces Q, (AZ), be cumulatively maximal. To avoid any misunderstanding in the representation of drawings or sketches the use of generally known symbols shown in Fig. 8 have been applied.

The total stator winding, SN, consists of one or more windings, where each of them has a specific number of windings whereas those windings may be interconnected in series or parallelly, as well as in one of those combinations, whereas each of those windings is individually formed and located on the associated stator pole. Fig. 9 shows the case where two stator windings are connected in series Pos. 7.1 and Pos. 7.2.

Fig. 9 illustrates a connection in series of partial stator windings, but their parallel connection is also possible, where the voltage source U1 Pos. 9.1 of their connection in combination with source U2, Pos. 9.4 is also marked. The rotor windings, individually winded and located on the associated rotor salient poles, are connected in series such as shown in Fig. 10, and that in the way that the directions of action of magnetomotive fluxes Q (AZ), Pos. 8.1 , and with that the magnetic fluxes F, Pos. 8.2, of each of the individual rotor windings be in opposite to those which are in two neighboring rotor windings, and which are usually established by the induction of the alternating magnetic flux, which produces, in an individual time sequence, a flow of current through the rotor windings of the electric current in the associated stator windings, whereas a block capacitor C, Fig. 10, is being connected to the rotor windings connected in series, so that the summary induction resistance X _L , Pos. 11.1.1 and the summary capacitive resistance, X _c Pos. 11.2.1 make an oscillating circuit and in the case of the identical amounts X _L and X _c or close to that state, where the amounts X _L and X _c are not identical, but their amounts differ to a certain extent, the emergence of resonance is possible.

Normally, a block capacitor, C, Pos. 10.1 , and Pos. 11.2, respectively, is connected inn series into the rotor electric circuit together with the inductivity of the rotor windings and is appropriately located on the rotor of the electric motor, and it may be carried out also with several parallely connected block capacitors.

By bringing the corresponding amount and form of the voltage from the source Pos.9.1, or U ₂ , Pos.9.2, to each of the stator windings, 7.1 or 7.2, as well as with the flow of the electric current of the associated amount through the stator winding Pos. 7.1 or 7.2, and with that also by the action of the appropriate amount of megamotive force Q, Pos. 8.1, magnetization of the stator salient poles, SIP1 and SIP3, or SIP2 and SIP4, is created, whereby between the associated salient stator poles, SIP1 and SIP3, or SIP2 and SIP4 a magnetic flux of the corresponding form and arrangement Pos. 12.1 or in the following position, Pos.13.1 , is established. The established magnetic flux passes through the rotor and the rotor salient poles, respectively, whereby the magnetization occur of the rotor salient poles, which are, also as the stator salient poles made of feromagnetic material.

Where thus established magnetic fluxes pass through the rotor, and through the associated salient rotor poles, respectively, the induction of voltage occurs in the electric current circuit of the rotor windings made of the windings of the rotor salient poles connected in series with a block capacitor, what, for the whole time of the voltage action from the source, results in the charging of the existing capacitor in such a circuit. At the moment of weakening, and finally after cessation of the impact of the voltage from the previously active voltage source, U1 Pos.9.1 or source U2, Pos. 9.4, the condition found of the rotor electric circuit is a fully charged block capacitor C, Pos. 10.1, and Pos. 11.2, respectively, which is connected in series to the rotor circuit with the inductivity L, Pos. 11.1, and the discharge of the bloc capacitor occurs in that circuit, and, with the neglect of the active resistance R, a kind of oscillating circuit, in which, with the identical amounts X _c - XL _, the occurrence of the state of resonance is also possible.

With the mentioned magnetization arising from the flow of the magnetic flux, Pos. 12.1 , and 13.1 , respectively, both of the stator and rotor salient poles, between individual stator poles SIP1 to SIP 4, and Pos. 6.1 to Pos. 6.4, respectively, in relation to their neighboring poles RIP1 to RIP6, Pos. 6.5 to Pos. 10, the formation of identical or opposite poles, N, north, or S, south occurs, between which the action of repulsive or attractive forces occur, the result of which is the action of torque to the rotor, meaning that the rotation of the rotor for a specific angle occurs, and in the case of the represented example such an angle is 30°.

The voltage source of the frequency Pos. 14.1 or impulse 15.1 power supply, using the associated schemes for connecting the components indicated in the associated Figures, Fig. 14 or Fig. 15, enable a power supply of the stator windings Pos. 7.1 as well as Pos. 7.2.

5. Short Description of the Drawings

Figure 1 Basic Mechanical Parts of the Asynchronous Motor

Pos. 1.1 Stator:

Pos. 1.2 Rotor;

Pos. 1.3 Bearings;

Pos. 1.4 Bearing shield;

Pos. 1.5 Fan;

Pos. 1.6 Fan cap;

Pos. 1.7 Wedge shaft

Figure 2 Basic Cross-Section of the Magnetic Circuit of the Cage Asynchronous Motor

2a) - STATOR

Pos. 2a.1 Stator yoke;

Pos. 2a.2 Stator slot;

Pos. 2a.3 Stator teeth;

2b) - ROTOR. Pos. 2b.1 Rotor yoke;

Pos. 2b.2 Rotor slot;

Pos. 2b.3 Rotor tooth Pos. 2b.4 Shaft bore

Figure 3 Representation of the Stator and Rotor Cross-Sections of a 2 - Pole Synchronous Motor with Cylindrical Rotor

Pos. 3.1 Stator;

Pos. 3.2 Rotor;

Pos. 3.3 Stator yoke;

Pos. 3.4 Rotor yoke;

Pos. 3.5 Pole;

Pos. 3.6 Stator teeth;

Pos. 3.7 Stator slot;

Pos. 3.8 Rotor slot.

Figure 4 Representation of the Cross-Section of a 6-Pole Synchronous Motor with Salient Poles

Pos. 4.1 Stator;

Pos. 4.2 Rotor;

Pos. 4.3 Stator yoke;

Pos. 4.4 Rotor yoke;

Pos. 4.5 Pole;

Pos. 4.6 Stator teeth;

Pos. 4.7 Stator slot;

Pos. 4.8 Slot for damping winding

Figure 5 Representation of a Cage Rotor of an Asynchronous Motor

Pos. 5.1 : Rotor;

Pos. 5.2: Cage;

Figure 6 Representation of a Magnetic Circuit with Salient Poles, Stator and Rotor, Induction, Resonant, Synchronous Electric motor

Pos. 6.1 Stator salient pole, SIP1 ;

Pos. 6.2 Stator salient pole, SIP2;

Pos. 6.3 Stator salient pole, SIP3;

Pos. 6.4 Stator salient pole, SIP4;

Pos. 6.5 Rotor salient pole, RIP1 ;

Pos. 6.6 Rotor salient pole, RIP2; Pos. 6.7 Rotor salient pole, RIP3;

Pos. 6.8 Rotor salient pole, RIP4;

Pos. 6.9 Rotor salient pole, RIP5;

Pos.6.10 Rotor salient pole, RIP6;

Pos.6.11 Centerlines of the Stator Salient Poles, (SSIP);

Pos.6.12 Centerlines of the Rotor Salient Poles, (SRIP);

Figure 7 Representation of the Stator and Rotor Windings Induction, Resonant, Synchronous Motor

Pos.7.1-1 Part of the stator winding located on the stator salient pole SIP1 , Pos.6.1 ;

Pos.7.1-2 Part of the stator winding located on the stator salient pole SIP3, Pos.6.3;

Pos.7.1 Two-piece stator winding which consists of connected windings 7.1-1 and 7.1-2;

Pos.7.2-1 Part of the stator winding located on the stator salient pole SIP2, Pos.6.2;

Pos.7.2-2 Part of the stator winding located on the stator salient pole SIP4, Pos.6.4;

Pos.7.2 Two-Piece stator winding which consists of windings a 7.2-1 and 7.2-2;

Pos. 7.3 RN3 Part of the rotor winding located on the rotor salient pole RIP1 ;

Pos. 7.4 RN4 Part of the rotor winding 4, located on the rotor salient pole RIP2;

Pos. 7.5 RN5 Part of the rotor winding 5, located on the rotor salient pole RIP3;

Pos. 7.6 RN6 Part of the rotor winding 6, located on the rotor salient pole RIP4;

Pos. 7.7 RN7 Part of the rotor winding 7, located on the rotor salient pole RIP5;

Pos. 7.8 RN8 Part of the rotor winding 8, located on the rotor salient pole RIP6;

Figure 8 Representation of the Correlation of Directions of Action of Magnetomotive Force (Q) and Magnetic Flux (F) with an Example of a Winding with a Certain Number of Windings

Pos. 8.1 Magnetomotive Force, Q, (AZ), of the indicated direction of action;

Pos. 8.2 Magnetic flux, F, of the indicated direction of action;

Pos. 8.3 North magnetic pole, N;

Pos. 8.4 South magnetic pole, S;

Figure 9 Scheme of the Stator Winding Connection

Pos. 9.1 Voltage source for winding connection 7.1-1 and 7.1-2;

Pos. 9.2 Voltage source for winding connection 7.2-1 and 7.2-2;

Figure 10 Scheme of the Rotor Winding Connection

Pos. 10.1 Block capacitor;

Pos. 10.2 Induced electric current in the rotor windings;

Figure 11 Representation of the Electrical Components of the Rotor Circuit of the Induction, Resonant, Synchronous Electric motor Pos.11.1 Inductivity, L;

Pos.11 .1 .1 Induction resistance, X _L;

Pos.11.2 Block capacitor C;

Pos.11 .2.1 Capacitive resistance, X _C;

Figure 12 Illustration of the Shape and Arrangement of the Magnetic Flux in the Motor Magnetic Circuit under the Action of the Stator Winding 7.1

Pos. 12.1 Shape and arrangement of the magnetic flux in the motor magnetic circuit under the action of the stator winding 7.1-1 + 7.1-2, and 7.1 , respectively;

Figure 13 Illustration of the Shape and Arrangement of the Magnetic Flux in the Motor Magnetic Circuit under the Action of the Stator Winding 7.2

Pos. 13.1 Shape and arrangement of the magnetic flux in the motor magnetic circuit under the action of the stator winding 7.2-1 + 7.2-2, and 7 2, respectively;

Figure 14 Illustration of the Power Supply of the Stator Windings in the Case of the Frequency Semi-Wave Corrected Source

Pos. 14.1 Source of frequency power supply;

Pos. 14.2 Appearance of the frequency power supply wave;

Pos. 14.3.1 and 14.3.2 Connections 1A and 1B to the stator winding 7.1 ;

Pos. 14.4.1 and 14.4.2 Connections 1A and 1B to the stator winding 7.2;

Figure 15 Illustration of the Power Supply of the Stator Windings by the Impulse Source of Power Supply

Pos. 15.1 Source of impulse power supply

Figure 16 Illustration of the Establishment of both the North and the South Magnetic Poles by Means of the Winding Current Flow

Pos. 16.1 A winding having a specific number of windings W, flowed through by an electric current I.

Figure 17 Representation of the Voltage Semi-Waves from the Frequent Power Supply Source

Figure 18 Representation of the Voltage Semi-Waves from the Impulse Power Supply Source 6. Description of the Manner for Carrying Out the Invention

Carrying out the technical solution according to the present invention, or the induction synchronous electric motors, respectively, is to be achieved by the use of generally known materials and the application of classical technological metal processing processes as well as by achieving the required processing precision.

The application of the technical solution according to the invention is possible in an extremely wide range and on the global scale where the need for electric motors for conversion of the electrical into the mechanical energy exists, first of all in the achievement of that conversion with the reduction of non-negligible losses, especially losses due to hysteresis and eddy currents.

The production of all the components of the solution according to the invention is to be realized by the usual technological processes which are known and represent a more than centuries-old practice.

The present invention achieves a completely new technical design of the rotor with six windings which are in series with the capacitor, whereat permanent magnets for functioning are not necessary, as well as without slide rings and brushes, whereas the stator of the concerned motor is carried out as the stator in the bipolar stepping motor, as well as with two windings at an angle of 90 degrees and four poles.

The motors which have been in the use up to now have a significant energy losses in their work when converting electrical into mechanical energy and have in addition to the useful energy significant energy losses, which is converted into heat and create additional problems.

The technical solution according to the present invention contains two stator windings whereat each of the two of them consists of two parts which are located on four stator salient poles, that conditions that at a single voltage impulse at one of the stator windings rotates the rotor for 30°, after which the second equal impulse follows, by the action of which a turn of further 30° occurs, that is for 60° in total. The speed of the rotor rotation depends on the alternating current frequency or the impulse frequency in the sources to which the electric motor is connected, so that at 50 Hz, 3000 impulses per minute are generated, resulting, in the case of 6 salient poles, in 500 revolutions of the rotor per minute. 7. The Manner of Industrial Application of the Invention

The present invention finds its industrial application in the field of production of electric motors and their use within the framework of all the branches of industry.

The manner of industrial application of the invention is obvious from the description and the nature itself of the invention, being additionally clarified by the manner in which the invention is to be carried out. Industrial application of the invention apart from not being doubtful, refers in particular to the fact that the technical solution according to the invention represents a better, more reliable and more economical alternative solution in relation to the already existing solutions which form part of the known state of the art or which are used in the production of electric motors globally.

In the industrial application of the invention simple forms of parts of the associated assemblies come to the fore, representing a decisive advantage in their production by the application of the metal processing technology.

A further advantage of the technical solution according to the invention is that the application of the invention is also possible to all the sizes of electric motors.