EFFICIENCY IN WIND TURBINES

TECHNICAL FIELD

The invention relates to innovations for application to wind turbines used in wind energy systems, which increase efficiency with different stored and/or renewable external energy sources and enable the generation of extra electricity.

STATE OF THE ART

A wind turbine is a system that converts kinetic energy from wind into mechanical energy and then into electrical energy. The wind turns the main shaft through the wings. The better the wing yield, the higher the total yield. However, the total output from a wind turbine cannot exceed 59.3% according to the physics rules. By nature, the wind allows the generation of non-linear and time-varying electrical energy from wind turbines. And again the direction and intensity of the wind varies according to the nature of the wind. These externally variable characteristics of the wind reduce the efficiency of the wind turbines. In wind turbines, it is possible to eliminate this loss of efficiency with innovation and modernization on the turbine. This innovation, which will be made with low costs in addition to the existing turbine configuration, increases the gain from modernization wind turbines.

In the prior art, there is a system in which Aselsan introduces the so-called "hybrid energy system." These system elements consist of solar panels, wind 30 turbines, generators and energy management unit. System working logic as follows: The electricity generated by wind turbines and the electricity generated by solar panels are transmitted to the energy management unit independently and from different lines. The total electricity generated is added to the network. In this system, each source has the drivers and separators required to connect to the grid on its own line. Different separators must be available for the wind turbine and for sun. In short, these 5 systems are defined as hybrid micro-network system. Our invention is an integrated hybrid method for increasing wind turbine efficiency which mechanically combines energy with different energy sources and therefore is connected to the networks as a single electrical system. Said system of the respective company does not include the features of increasing the efficiency of wind turbines and providing more energy gain than the wind turbines which are the main object of our invention. The system concerned is to supply two different renewable energy sources independently of one another to a storage and distribution unit. In this context, our invention does not mean that a GES plant that will operate independently will also be connected with such a system. The hybrid structure according to the invention is to provide additional energy and power to compensate for the structural losses of the state of the art wind turbines and the difference between the calculated wind permeability of the wing aerodynamic structure and the speed under load.

Another company called “WindSteam Technologies” has built a similar system in Jamaica that will generate 106,000 kWh of energy per year on the roof of the company. This system established by WindSteam company works with the same working logic as the project "hybrid energy" of ASELSAN company. That is, two different renewable energy sources are connected to the same network at the same place through different lines. This has the same as its purpose and working logic as ASELSAN's micro grid system called “hybrid energy system”. Both systems do not cover the innovation and advantages of our invention. The following link can be reviewed: (https://www.pQwerenehi.com/hjbnd-enerjj- sistemleri-ruzgar-gunes-enerjisi-fiyatiari.html).

Another application is the Gediz University's project called "hybrid power plant." In 2012, the beneficiary of the invention implemented this project, which is the subject of the wind and solar energy hybrid system, with the Izmir Development Agency. Like the other two examples, this project does not cover the innovation of the invention. The related project is the power plant project accepted by the Izmir Development Agency (IZKA) "Financial Support Program for Renewable Energy and Environmental Technologies". This project; The project, which combines solar and wind energy, generates 500 kilowatt-hours of electricity and meets 60 percent of the power requirement of the Gediz University’s campus through the plant. The method used in this system has the same working logic as the above-mentioned projects and is not similar to the basic principles of our invention. Link to the system in question: (https ://dooplayer.biz.tr/10207000-Gediz-universitesi-hibrid- enerji-centraii-ve-100-kw-ruzqar-turbini-uyqulamasi.html).

In summary, projects that are already introduced in the market or implemented under the name of a "hybrid energy system" include two independent renewable energy sources feeding one unit. There is no major innovation in these systems. The existing structures are based on the use of two different renewable energy sources in a system. The present invention describes the innovation and modernization of existing wind turbine embodiments. Thanks to this innovation and modernization, high efficiency is achieved with low costs. The invention relates to supplying energy to an existing wind turbine from an external source to provide this claim. This external energy source is obtained by storing at very low costs, recovering from the turbine and / or from renewable energy sources. By accelerating the wind turbine main shaft with a very low cost energy obtained from the system and / or obtained from renewable sources, by compensating the losses of the alternator, bearing, power line, gear, friction, drive, as well as the aerodynamic structure of the propeller, the turbine main High efficiency is achieved by accelerating the shaft. This electrical energy applied to the wind turbine from external energy source is the main technical method that enables the wind turbine to increase its overall efficiency. And the technical and specific configuration, which is still not available in the systems and applications on the market, which generates extra electrical energy from wind turbines, is the subject of this invention. Since the two different energy sources are connected to the grid in the systems already introduced under the name of hybrid system, separate circuit breakers and measurement systems are required for each source by separate drives. The innovation in the invention requires a single network breaker and measuring system as it uses existing wind turbine configurations. In this aspect, the invention performs the same similar function at a lower cost. In particular, the invention increases yields in agricultural, rural, irrigation, greenhouse, domestic, industrial areas, inefficient, turbulent wind areas below 50 meters. Therefore, high efficiency is achieved by increasing the current efficiency at low cost in wind energy systems.

Consequently, there is a need for a wind turbine in which the prior art is overcome and its disadvantages are overcome. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVESTMENT

The invention is a wind turbine, in which the state of the art is overcome, its disadvantages are overcome, and additionally it has extra advantages. The main object of the invention is to increase the efficiency of a wind turbine and to increase the electrical energy obtained even at low wind intensities by accelerating the main shaft. In this way, the total electrical energy obtained from the wind turbines will be increased at each wind intensity in the power curve of the turbine. In order to increase the overall efficiency of wind turbines, the main shaft acceleration method is carried out at low costs. In addition, the energy required by the acceleration system is stored at very low costs, recovered from the turbine and / or obtained from renewable energy sources. By accelerating the wind turbine main shaft with a very low cost energy obtained from the system and / or obtained from renewable resources in this way, alternator, bearing, power line, gear, friction, drive, loss losses, as well as the propeller's aerodynamic structure allows the rate of turbine It is the original and innovative object of the invention to achieve high efficiency by accelerating the main shaft.

Said modernization comprises a drive structure constructed on the electromechanical configuration of existing wind turbines and receiving the drive source from a very low-cost energy source as mentioned above. The invention includes an embodiment not currently in use in wind turbines. This unique and innovative configuration is more advantageous than any existing wind turbine in terms of energy recovery. This innovative structure, which increases the energy gain from wind turbines, has very low energy costs. (For example, renewable energy sources are generated and stored in excess of the turbine grid connection limit.) In short, the total efficiency of wind turbines is increased by transferring any energy generated, maintained or additionally generated to existing wind turbines by the methods of the invention. In particular, the invention increases yields in agricultural, rural, irrigation, greenhouse, domestic and industrial areas, abn the inefficient turbulent wind areas below 50 meters. Therefore, it is the main object of the invention to obtain high efficiency at low cost in wind power systems.

In order to realize all the objects mentioned above and which will emerge from the following detailed description, the present invention is a wind turbine for use in wind energy systems, in which innovations which increase efficiency and power generation capacity are applied; the power storage unit and/or the energy received from the external energy source and the electrical machine driver in the light of the commands received from the accelerator additional electric machine, transmits power to rotate the main shaft more efficiently and/or stores the movement energy received from the main shaft to the energy storage unit, such as an electricity generator, turbine operation and in the light of the data received from the power control system, the electrical machine driver, which regulates and controls the electrical machine used as the electric motor or electricity generator, which is included in the inventory, analyzes the data received from the sensors located in the various parts of the turbine, a turbine operation and power control system, which collects or sends data to the electric machine driver by using the energy storage unit and the electric machine drive by using the transmission 2 and transmission 3. The wind turbine includes any software that calculates the yield/gain balance of the wind turbine and, depending on the amount of energy in the energy storage unit and external energy sources, the wind turbine includes software that activates and/or does not take efficiency enhancers, the components on the turbine and the electric machine, and it is characterized that it includes sensors that collect data, and that it comprises an external energy source that provides the electrical machine driver and energy storage unit with low-cost, renewable and/or waste energy to for use when necessary. Description of the Figures

The invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, so that the features of the invention will be more clearly understood. However, it is not intended to limit the invention to these particular embodiments. On the contrary, it is intended to cover all alternatives, modifications and equivalents which may be included within the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. It should be understood that the details shown are only shown for the purpose of illustrating preferred embodiments of the present invention and are provided to allow the most useful and easily-to understood description of both the shaping of the methods and the rules and conceptual features of the invention. In these drawings;

Figure 1 is a representative view of the wind turbine subject of the invention. The figures, which help to understand the present invention, are numbered as indicated in the attached drawing and are given below with their names.

Description of the Figures 1. Electric machine

2. Flange

3. Alternator

4. Coupling

5. Planetary gear box 6. Main shaft

7. Propeller cone

8. Propeller

9. Transmission line 1 10. Sensors

11. Electric machine driver

12. Turbine operation and power control system

13. Power storage unit 14. External energy source

15. Transmission line 2

16. Transmission line 3

17. Transmission line 4

18. Transmission line 5 19. Transmission line 6

20. Mains breaker and measuring system

21. Network

Description of the Invention

In this detailed description, the wind turbine according to the invention is explained by way of example only, for better understanding of the subject matter, with no limiting effect. The specification describes innovations to increase efficiency and generate extra electricity with different stored and/or renewable external energy sources for application to wind turbines used in wind energy systems.

The generation of electrical energy from wind turbines depends on the intensity of the wind acting on the turbine. The wind does not always affect the turbine with a high and balanced value. Due to these low and variable values of wind, the amount of energy obtained is reduced. This is a problem for wind power systems since the total benefit from the turbine is low compared to the nominal power of the turbine. The invention seeks to achieve high profitability at a low cost by using existing wind turbine components and adding an accelerator connected to the software, charging energy with the accelerator at the points where efficiency drops, in order to eliminate the problem mentioned in the preceding paragraph. In the wind energy systems of the present invention, the present circular movement on the main shaft (6) is accelerated by the effect of external energy in addition to wind energy in order to increase the efficiency obtained even at low wind intensities. The energy sources of this external impact include renewable energy sources, stored energy, nuclear energy, hydrogen energy, water gas and other very low-cost energy sources on demand. This accelerating energy source is obtained from cheap sources to be brought in and / or outside the area where the system is installed. The structure acting on the main shaft (6) and providing an external rotational movement to the main shaft (6) is the electrical machine (1) positioned on the same main shaft (6). The electrical machine (1) and the software driving it also ensure that the total electrical energy obtained from the wind turbine is linear and stable. This mode of operation relates to the use of the electric machine (1), which is directly connected to the turbine main shaft (6), as both an electric motor and an electric generator.

The electric machine (1) also acts as an electricity generating element in the construction of the wind turbine. The electric machine (1) acts as an electricity generating element with the excess energy received from the main shaft (6) at operating times with reference intervals determined by the user. It transfers the obtained electrical energy to the energy storage unit via the electrical machine driver unit (11).

The use of the electric machine (1) as the electric motor and the power generation unit in respect to the parameters determined by the user of the main shaft (6) is an innovation in this field as well as a functional structure that increases the total efficiency.

The determination of the operating patterns of the said electric machine (1) and the electrical rotation of the shaft and the electrical value of the torque to be applied are determined by the turbine operation and power control system. And by the command given therefrom, the electric machine is applied to the electric machine (1) to be transferred via the drive unit (11) to the turbine main shaft (6). All the commands given by the automation and power control system of the turbine use innovative and original software to ensure that the entire wind turbine operates with a certain calculation and logic.

Figure 1 is a representative view of the wind turbine to which the novelty of the invention is applied. The most important element of the wind turbine of the present invention is the innovation electric machine (1) which can be integrated into the newly produced or in use wind turbines. The electric machine (1) is a structure that works and is used with two different working patterns as electric motor and electric generator unit. In order to increase the wind turbine efficiency, the main shaft (6), the external energy source (14) and the energy are provided in accordance with the mathematical strengths, the the aerodynamic and electrical components of the wind turbine structure (if any, any components such as gear box, propeller (8), alternator (3), etc.) are accelerated by power the main shaft (6), external source (14) and power storage unit (13). In this way, it applies mechanical load to the main shaft (6) for acceleration as an electric motor if necessary, for energy storage and load as an electricity generator when necessary. The movements of the main shaft (6) in the references previously determined by the turbine operation and power control system (12) are monitored. During the reduction of the wind force acting on the blades of the propeller (8), the speed of the main shaft (6) decreases and the reduction/decrease of the total electrical energy generated accordingly, the electrical machine (1) transmits mechanical additional power as motor. Otherwise, it generates electrical energy by transferring the mechanical energy received from the main shaft (6) directly to the energy storage unit (13) to which it is connected.

The flange (2) in the wind turbine is an auxiliary interface, which connects the turbine alternator (3) and the electric machine (1) each other, and the alternator (3) converts the circular movement of the wind turbine into electrical energy. The coupling (4) is a component that connects the alternator (3) to the planetary gearbox (5) and is not present in direct drive wind turbines without gearboxes. The planetary gearbox (5) transmits the circular movement obtained from the blades of the propeller (8) to the alternator (3) by increasing its speed by means of gear wheels. The main shaft (6) is the unit in which the rotational movement obtained from the blades is transmitted circularly and directly. The impeller cone (7) changes the blade angles in the wind turbine and provides control of the wind turbine efficiency, the generated power and the impeller (8) revolution. The impeller (8) is the movable part of the wind turbine which is placed at an angle to allow the wind blowing to move the main shaft (6) circularly or whose autonomous angle changes according to the intensity of the wind.

The transmission line 1 (9) of the present invention transfers power between the electric machine (1) and the electric machine driver (11). The turbine sensors (10) collect all the data on the turbine and the electric machine (1). This data is transmitted to the turbine operation and power control system (12) by the respective connecting element (wired or wireless).

The electrical machine driver (11) is the power control unit of the electrical machine (1). This electronic unit is the structure that regulates and controls the electric machine (1) as an electric motor or electric generator. In order to provide said operating patterns, received relevant information from the turbine operation and power control system (12). In this way, the electrical machine (1), if necessary, is applied to the main shaft (6) mechanically by applying the load to the main shaft (6), for acceleration as an electric motor, for energy storage and load as an electrical generator. The movements of the main shaft 6 in the references 5 previously determined by the turbine operation and power control system 12 are followed. During the reduction of the wind force acting on the blades, the rotational speed of the main shaft (6) and the reduction / decrease of the total electrical energy generated accordingly, the electric machine driver (11) drives the electric machine (1) as a motor and transmits mechanical additional power. Otherwise, it stores the mechanical energy received by the electric machine (1) from the main shaft (6) as the electricity generator as electrical energy directly to the energy storage unit (13) to which it is connected.

The turbine operation and power control system (12) is a unit that analyzes the data received from the turbine sensors (10) located in various parts of the turbine and manages the turbine connected to any software. The operating criteria of the electric machine 1 (electric motor or electric generator) are also determined on the basis of these data. The turbine operation and power control system 12 collects or sends data from the electrical machine driver 11 to the energy storage unit (13) using transmission line 2 (15) and transmission line 3 (16). Thus, it provides bidirectional data transfer between them. The turbine operation and power control system (12) performs the operation and performance methods of the wind turbine according to the data received from the sensors (10) according to a command and logic. The software installed in turbine operation and power control system (12) ensures that all equipment of the wind turbine (alternator (3), electric machine (1), electric machine driver (11), energy storage unit (13)) and external energy sources (14)) serve the main purpose in harmony. This software calculates the yield/gain balance of the wind turbine based on the external force acting on the wind turbine, and activates or deactivates the wind turbine efficiency-enhancing elements according to the amount of energy in the energy storage unit (13) and external energy sources (14).

The energy storage unit (13) of the present invention is an area, where the excess or residual electrical energy obtained by the turbine structure is stored by the storage elements. The external energy source (14) is the source of low-cost, renewable and/or residual residue and waste energy to the electrical machine driver (11) and energy storage unit (13). The external energy source (14) referred to herein can be any of the sources recovered and/or renewable through the turbine by storing at very low costs. Transmission line 2 (15) provides data flow between the automation and power control system (12) and the electrical machine driver (11). The transmission line 3 (16) provides the data flow between the automation and power control system (12) and the energy storage unit (13). The transmission line 4 (17) provides the energy flow between the electrical machine driver (11) and the energy storage unit (13) and is in communication with the transmission line (6). The transmission line 5 (18) provides the energy transfer between the electrical machine drive (11) and the energy storage unit (13). This energy transfer is bidirectional. The transmission line 6 (19) provides the energy transfer between the external energy source (14) and the energy storage unit (13). It is bidirectional. The mains circuit breaker and the metering system (20) encompass legally necessary equipment for connection to the mains (21). The network (21) is the city power distribution/transmission system and/or the internal power lines for self-consumption. The operation of the wind turbine in which the innovations are applied is explained in the following description. A wind turbine carries the energy generated in the propeller (8) to the alternator (3) by the propeller (8), propeller cone (7) and main shaft (6). If the turbine is directly driven, the main shaft (6) is directly connected to the alternator (3). The turbine gearbox (5) is connected to the alternator (3) with the planetary gearbox (5) and coupling (4). In any case, the main shaft (6) transfers or receives load to the electric machine (1) having two different operating patterns, the electric motor and the electric generator unit. The electric machine (1) is connected to the main shaft (6) via the flange (2) and the alternator (3) shaft. In this way, the electric machine (1) applies mechanical load to the main shaft (6) for acceleration as an electric motor if necessary, for energy storage and load as an electricity generator when necessary. The movements of the main shaft (6) in the references previously determined by the turbine operation and power control system (12), the wind data and the data from the sensors (10) are followed. In the event of a decrease in the wind force acting on the blades of the propeller (8), the speed of the main shaft (6) decreases and the level of the total electrical energy generated accordingly decreases, and the electrical machine (1) transmits mechanical additional power as motor. Otherwise, it generates electrical energy from the main shaft (6) as an electrical generator to be transferred directly to the energy storage unit (13) to which it is connected.

The turbines generate a different power at the value corresponding to each wind speed depending on the wind speed. During this production, the energy obtained from the propeller (8) is reduced to a certain extent due to the structure of the components due to the losses of the alternator, bearing, power line, gear, friction and drive. This loss corresponds to each production value of the turbines. The turbine operation and power control system (12) compensates for the loss by accelerating the electric machine (1) at the loss rate with the data received from the sensors (10) and calculations in the software algorithm. Due to the wind speed, the turbine structure generates a different power at the value corresponding to each wind speed. Depending on the structural condition of the propeller (8), the rotational speeds per minute are evident when generating the power it can generate at each wind speed and at no load at the same wind speed. The electric machine (1) accelerates the impeller (8) using the previously accumulated energy, as much as the revolutions per minute between these two speeds. The benefit of the invention is the sum of the total losses of the turbine and the forces to be added for the speed increase as well as the speed difference in the loaded and unloaded states of the propeller (8). The energy which is the sum of these two powers is realized by the acceleration of the main shaft (6) by the calculated value of the electric machine (1). The energy used for the acceleration is very low cost as explained above. Accelerating energy is a low- cost energy that is produced instantly with pre-stored or renewable energy sources. The flange (2) is the auxiliary interface connecting the turbine alternator (3) and the electric machine (1). The alternator (3) is the unit that converts the circular movement of the wind turbine into electrical energy, the coupling (4), the unit connecting the alternator (3) and the gearbox. Not for direct drive wind turbines without gearboxes. The planetary gearbox (5) transmits the circular movement obtained from the blades to the alternator (3) in multiples by means of gear wheels. The main shaft (6) is the unit through which the rotational movement obtained from the blades is directly transmitted circularly. The propeller cone (7) provides control of the wind turbine efficiency, the generated power and the propeller (8) revolution by changing the blade angles in the wind turbine. The impeller (8) is the moving part of the wind turbine which is arranged at an angle to change the main shaft (6) in a circular direction or the autonomous angle changes according to the intensity of the wind. The transmission line 1 (9) transfers the power between the electrical machine (1) and the electrical machine driver (11). The turbine sensors (10) collect all the data on the turbine and the electric machine (1). This information is transmitted to the turbine operation and power control system (12) by the respective connection element. The electrical machine driver (11) is the power control unit of the electrical machine (1). This is the structure that enables and regulates the use of the electric machine (1) as an electric motor or a power generation unit, and at compensates it the same time. In order to determine said operating patterns, received information from the turbine operation and power control system (12) related to the current state of the main shaft (6) and to the power pressed to the network. As a result of the movements of the main shaft (6) in the predetermined references (reduction of the wind force acting on the blades, the number of revolutions of the main shaft (6) and the decrease/decrease of the total electrical energy generated accordingly) is directly connected to the electric machine (1). It applies the energy by the storage unit 13 and/or by external electrical sources (14) at predetermined values, or at the highest speed at which the flap can exit without aerodynamic resistance, and therefore at power.

When the wind turbine is producing below the grid connection power limit, the previously stored energy (13) is transferred by the electrical machine (1) to the turbine alternator (3) through the mechanical structure of the turbine, thereby transferring said stored energy (13) to the grid (21). It is provided. In this way, the turbine generates the energy it needs to generate at the current wind speed, while simultaneously pressing the additional energy accumulated into the grid. The system will continue to operate with the same characteristics without being connected to the network (21). In this case, the demand for self-consumption point will be met to the maximum extent and the excess demand will be stored again. The turbine operation and power control system 12 is the unit that analyzes and manages the data received from the turbine sensors 10 located in various parts of the turbine. The operating method of the electric machine 1 (electric motor or electric generator) is determined with reference to the data obtained. The turbine operation and power control system (12) performs these operation and performance methods of the wind turbine based on this data received from the sensors (10) according to a command and logic. The software installed in turbine operation and power control system (12) ensures that all equipment of the wind turbine (alternator (3), electric machine (1), electric machine driver (11), energy storage unit (13)) and external energy sources (14)) serve the main purpose in harmony. This software calculates the yield/gain balance of the wind turbine based on the external force acting on the wind turbine, and activates or deactivates the wind turbine efficiency-enhancing elements according to the amount of energy in the energy storage unit (13) and external energy sources (14).

The projects called “hybrid energy system” currently implemented or introduced in the market include the supply of one unit by two different renewable energy sources independently of each other. There is no major innovation in these systems. These are structures that involve the use of two different renewable energy sources in a system. Since two different energy sources are connected to the network (21) in the systems which are currently called hybrid systems, there is a need by law for two network breakers and measuring systems (20). The innovation in the invention requires a single network cutter and measuring system (20) as it uses existing wind turbine configurations. In this aspect, the invention has a similar function with lower cost.