The proposed invention is the internal combustion engine with variable compression ratio and a mechanism for changing the compression ratio in it. The invention can be among others applicable as the internal combustion engine with a variable compression ratio, especially in the version of a two-row (two lines of cylinders) multi-cylinder internal combustion engine. It may also be used in other piston devices, such as a pump or a compressor. The invention can be considered as a variant of a conrod-crank mechanism in the classical internal combustion engine. Following the invention, the engine crankshaft is rotatably coupled to a mechanism used for varying the compression ratio, and the expansion stroke is preferably the longest.

Polish Patent No. 225176 describes a piston device with compression- expansion chambers, in particular a combustion engine, a compressor or a pump with a crank and piston mechanism and a control arm. The device, according to this invention operating as a combustion engine, has a crank and the piston mechanism consisting of: the crankshaft, connecting rod, control arm rod, control arm, camshaft, piston, cylinder, and head all being a part of the engine body.

In the case of a device used as a multi-row engine, preferably a two-row engine, the crankshaft axis is located in space between the rows of cylinders that are located on the opposite sides of the crankshaft axis. In one version, the control arm rod is rotatably mounted in the engine body, and its axis is parallel to the axis of the crankshaft. The control arm rod has an eccentricity on which a double- armed control arm is mounted. Each piston is connected to the connecting rod with a single control arm. The eccentricity (eccentric) is rigidly connected to the control arm rod, such as via a wedge, which means that it rotates with the crankshaft in the same direction. The pistons moving in cylinders with reciprocating movement connected by connecting rods with the control arm mounted on the control arm rod cause swinging movement of the control arm, and by connecting the control arm through the connecting rod with the crankshaft, which also results in the rotary movement of the crankshaft mounted in the engine body. The crankshaft is connected to the pistons via a control arm and connecting rods.

A known piston device with compression-expansion chambers equipped with a crankshaft piston mechanism with control arm allows obtaining a variable ratio of compression by rotating the control arm rod with the eccentricities, that are stiffly connected with the control arm rod. On these eccentricities there are control arms mounted and they are moving in swinging motion.

The design of a crankshaft mechanism with a control arm in the known piston device especially in a two-row multi-cylinder engine, makes it impossible to achieve the intended, preferably the same compression ratio set externally for all cylinders during operation. This is a drawback to the known reciprocating piston device.

A multi-cylinder combustion engine, especially in a two-row cylinder configuration with a mechanism for varying the compression ratio in which the crankshaft is rotatably coupled to it, which among others results in the piston path in the expansion stroke being the longest as it would be preferred, is a solution not known in the priorly mentioned designs.

In order to eliminate the above inconvenience, a piston device equipped with a mechanism for changing the compression ratio and the mechanism for changing the compression ratio itself have been developed, one that ensures that the same ratio of compression is obtained in each cylinder of the device during its operation.

Combustion engine with variable compression ratio, according to the invention described, consists of the following: a body, a crankshaft with crank pins mounted to rotate in the body, cylinders, pistons connected to the crankshaft through tension pins, connecting rods and control arms and a control arm rod located on the body, on which eccentricities are mounted, and with self-pivoting control arms for each piston on these eccentricities. , it is characterized by the fact that on the control arm rod, apart from rigidly mounted eccentricities on which control arms are pivoting, there are also pivoting eccentricities on which control arms are pivoting, while preferably there are control arms for just one row of cylinders embedded on the first eccentricity, and control arms for the second cylinder row on the second eccentrics. In addition, the engine contains a mechanism for varying the compression ratio consisted of as follows: the control arm rod with eccentricities mounted on it and the coupling elements used to join the mechanism elements and give eccentricities opposite rotation directions. The control arm rod has an axial hollow lubrication channel with open endings sticking out of the control arm rod at the points of rotatable mounting of the control arm rod, control arm and eccentricities, which comprise the lubrication system of the compression ratio adjustment mechanism.

In the first variant of the engine, the mechanism for changing the compression ratio has a control arm rod with eccentricities mounted thereon and a control shaft rotatably mounted in the fixtures connected to them with bolts, which are connected to the body, and some eccentricities are rigidly mounted on the control arm rod, while the other eccentricities are rotatably mounted thereon. On the control shaft, coupling elements are rigidly fixed, what interact with coupling elements mounted on the control arm rod eccentricities, and the control shaft is connected to the control arm rod by means of: coupling element rigidly mounted on the control arm rod, intermediate coupling element rotatably mounted in the fixtures of the body, and a coupling element rigidly mounted on the control shaft, where the intermediate coupling element is located between the other coupling elements, the control shaft being parallel to the control arm rod and having an axial hollow lubrication channel with open ends sticking out of the control arm rod at its rotational mounting positions and coupling elements that are preferably in the form of toothed wheels.

In the second variant of the engine, the mechanism for changing the compression ratio has a control arm rod with eccentricities mounted thereon and two control shafts rotatably mounted in the fixtures connected to them via screws, which are connected to the body, and on the control shaft there are rigidly mounted coupling elements, that are connected with the coupling elements rigidly mounted on eccentricities which are rotatably mounted on the control arm rod. The control shafts are connected with each other, whereas each of the control shafts is parallel to the control arm rod and has an axial hollow lubrication channel with open ends sticking out of the control arm rod at its rotatable mounting positions and coupling elements that are preferably in the form of toothed wheels.

In the third variant of the engine, the mechanism of changing the compression ratio has a control arm rod with eccentrics mounted thereon and is devoid of a control shaft and has an coupling element mounted on the eccentrics, a coupling element rigidly mounted on the control arm rod, which through an intermediate coupling element whose axis is perpendicular to the axis of the control arm rod is coupled with the eccentrics rotatably mounted on the control arm rod, where the coupling elements are preferably in the form of toothed wheels. In this variant, the intermediate coupling element is rotatably mounted in the fitting connected to the body element via screws being rotatably mounted in a common batten.

In the fourth variant of the engine, the mechanism of changing the compression ratio has a control arm rod with eccentrics mounted thereon and is devoid of a control shaft and all eccentrics mounted on the control arm rod have coupling elements mounted on them that are interconnected via indirect coupling elements that are perpendicular to the axis of the control arm rod, where through the interaction of the coupling elements, adjacent eccentrics are coupled together, one of which is mounted on the control arm rod rotatably, while the other is mounted rigidly. The coupling elements are preferably in the form of toothed wheels. In this variant, the intermediate coupling elements are pivotably mounted in the fittings connected to the body element with bolts or are rotatably mounted in a common batten.

In a four-stroke engine structure variant, preferably multi-row, multi- cylinder internal combustion engine, especially in a two-row cylinder version, the engine crankshaft is pivotally coupled through the clutch to the step variation mechanism in a ratio of 1 :2 and rotates at twice the speed of the eccentrics mounted on the control arm rod. In this variant, the piston path in each cycle is different, and preferably the piston path in the expansion stroke is the longest, and the piston is in the top dead center - TDC - after the crankshaft rotation by an angle of 720 degrees.

In a four-stroke engine structure variant, preferably multi-row, multi- cylinder internal combustion engine, especially in a two-row cylinder version, the engine crankshaft is pivotally coupled to the compression ratio change mechanism via the intermediate crankshaft and clutch in a ratio of 1 :2 and rotates at twice the speed of intermediate crankshaft rotation and the oscillation period of eccentrics mounted on the control arm rod in the range of their oscillation angle less than 180 degrees corresponding to two revolutions of the crankshaft, preferably the piston path in the expansion stroke is the longest. In this version, the intermediate crankshaft axis is located outside of the plane formed by the engine crankshaft axis and the control arm rod axis.

The mechanism for varying the compression ratio in a combustion engine according to the invention of an engine with a variable compression ratio is characterized by a control arm rod rotatably mounted in the engine block, with eccentrics mounted on it, and which the single control arms pivotably mounted on those eccentrics as well as having coupling elements for connecting the mechanism elements and causing neighboring eccentrics to rotate in opposite directions.

The control arm rod has hollow lubrication channels with open ends reaching outside of the control arm rod thus forming the lubrication system.

In the first variant, the mechanism has a control shaft rotatably mounted in the fixtures connected with screws to the engine body, and with some eccentrics rigidly mounted on the control arm rod, while having the other eccentrics rotatably mounted on the control arm rod. Coupling elements are fixed rigidly on the control shaft, which interacts with coupling elements mounted on the control arm rod eccentrics, and the control shaft is preferably coupled to the control arm rod by: a coupling element rigidly mounted on the control arm rod, an intermediate coupling element rotatably mounted in the body fixture and a coupling element rigidly fixed to the control shaft, where the intermediate coupling is arranged between the fixed coupling elements and the control shaft being parallel to the control arm rod and having an axial hollow lubrication channel. The coupling elements are preferably in the form of toothed wheels.

In the second variant, the mechanism has two control shafts rotatably mounted in fixtures connected with screws to the engine body, and on the control shafts coupling elements are rigidly mounted, that are coupled with the coupling elements rigidly mounted on eccentrics which are rotatably mounted on the control arm rod. The control shafts are coupled with each other with aid of coupling elements, whereas each of the control shafts is parallel to the control arm rod and has an axial hollow lubrication channel. The coupling elements are preferably in the form of toothed wheels.

In the third variant, the mechanism is devoid of a control shaft and has a coupling element mounted on the eccentrics, a coupling element rigidly mounted on the control arm rod, which through an intermediate coupling element with an axis perpendicular to the axis of the control arm rod is coupled with the eccentric rotatably mounted on the control arm rod, where the coupling elements are preferably in the form of toothed wheels. In this variant, the intermediate coupling element is rotatably mounted in the fitting element connected to the body with screws being rotatably mounted in a common batten.

In the fourth variant, the mechanism is devoid of a control shaft and all eccentrics mounted on the control arm rod have coupling elements mounted on them that are interconnected via indirect coupling elements that are perpendicular to the axis of the control arm rod, where through the interaction of the coupling elements, neighboring eccentrics are coupled together, one of which is mounted on the control arm rod rotatably, while the other is mounted rigidly. The coupling elements are preferably in the form of toothed wheels. In this variant, the intermediate coupling elements are rotatably mounted in the fittings connected to the body element with screws or are rotatably mounted in a common batten.

The design and operation of the compression ratio adjustment mechanism causes a change in the compression ratio in the cylinders of the device, and with the assumed constructional elements of the device, it produces the same degree of compression in each cylinder of the device during its operation.

The subject of the invention is shown in the figures where Fig. 1 shows a cross-section of the combustion engine with variable compression ratio, Fig. 2 - mechanism for changing the compression ratio in a version with a control shaft, Fig. 3. Mechanism for changing the compression ratio from Fig. 2 in W-view, Fig. 4 - mechanism for changing the compression ratio with two control shafts, Fig. 5 - mechanism for changing the compression ratio from Fig. 4 in A-view, Fig. 6 - mechanism for changing the compression ratio in a version without a control shaft, Fig. 7 - mechanism for changing the compression ratio in a different version without a control shaft, Fig. 8 - mechanism for changing the compression ratio from Fig. 6 with a batten, Fig. 9 - mechanism for changing the compression ratio from Fig. 7 with a batten, Fig. 10 - a combustion engine in a four-stroke structure variant, preferably multi-row, multi-cylinder internal combustion engine, especially a two-row cylinder version with a mechanism for changing the compression ratio, Fig. 11 - an internal combustion engine in another four-stroke structure variant, preferably multi-row, multi-cylinder internal combustion engine, especially in a two-row cylinder version with a mechanism for changing the compression ratio.

A cross-section of a combustion engine with a variable compression ratio shown in Fig. 1, such as a two-row multi-cylinder combustion engine consists of a body l with the elements 4 ,10, 11, 12, 16 , crankshaft ! with crank pins 3 rotatably mounted in the body 1, with cylinders 5 , pistons 7_connected with crankshaft 2through pins 8 , H , 15 and connecting rods9 , 6and control arm rod 19 rotatably mounted in the elements 16_of the body 1. Eccentrics J_8 are mounted on the control arm rod 19_on which for each piston7there are separately mounted control arms 14. On the control arm rod 1 9 in addition to the rigidly mounted eccentrics 18_are also rotatably mounted eccentrics 23. The rigid mounting of the eccentrics JJL such as through a wedge connection causes the eccentrics !8to rotate with the control arm rod 19. Single control arms 14 are rotatably mounted on the eccentricsj_8, 23, where one set of eccentrics 18, is preferably rigidly mounted on the control arm rod 19 for one row of cylinders 5, while the others eccentrics 2 3 for the second row of cylinders 5 are rotatably mounted on the control arm rod 19.

The internal combustion engine according to the invention has a built-in mechanism for changing the compression ratio which is attached to the control arm rod 1 9 with eccentrics 18 , 2 3 attached to it, of which preferably the eccentrics 1 8 for one row of cylinders 5_are rigidly mounted on the control arm rod 19 while the other eccentrics 23 for the second row of cylinders 5_are rotatably mounted on the control arm rod 19. The engine also has coupling elements 28, 29 and 30_enabling, in a variation with the control shaft, the coupling of the control arm rod 19 with the control shaft 33 , and in the variant without the control shaft it has the coupling elements 24, 25 and the coupling intermediate element 26in a perpendicular axis to the control arm rod axis 19 thus connecting the eccentrics 18 an d 2 3 mounted on the control arm rod 19. The coupling of the mechanism elements results in the neighboring eccentrics 1 8 and 2 3 to rotate in opposite directions.

Such an interconnection of engine, compressor or pump components allows the engine to convert the reciprocating movement of the pistons 7_into a rotational movement of the crankshaft 2 placed in the engine body J_or in the case of a pump or compressor converting the rotational movement of the crankshaft into the reciprocating motion of the pistons.

The control arm rod 19 has a hollow lubrication channel 20 with open ends 3 5 reaching out of the control arm rod 1 9 at its rotatable mounting positions forming the lubrication system. The control shaft 3 3 has a hollow lubrication channel 34 as well as openings reaching outside at its rotational mounting points. The engine in one of the variations of the compression ratio change mechanism shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 is characterized by a control arm rod 19 with a lubrication channel 20 mounted to the engine body 1 and with rigidly mounted coupling element 28, with eccentrics 18 and 23 mounted on the control arm rod 19, of which the eccentrics 23 have a coupling element J_7_such as a toothed wheel and are rotatably mounted on the control arm rod 19, while the other eccentrics 18 are mounted rigidly, with at least one control shaft 33 with a lubrication channel 3 4 rotatably mounted in the fittings 3 1 that are rigidly connected with screws 21 with fittings 36, which are then rigidly connected with other screws with the engine bodyl . Coupling elements 32 are rigidly mounted on the control shaft 33, those can be toothed wheels, connected with coupling elements 17 mounted on the eccentrics 23 . The control shaft 33 is coupled with the control arm rod 1 9 with: a coupling element 28_such as a toothed wheel mounted rigidly on the control arm rod 19 , an intermediate coupling element 30 such as a toothed wheel rotatably mounted in the fitting 36 of the engine body las well as coupling elements 29 such as a toothed wheel rigidly mounted on the control shaft 33 _{. .} The intermediate coupling element 3 0 is located between the other coupling elements 28 ,29. The control shaft 33 is set parallel to the control arm rod 19 .The eccentrics 18 preferably for one row of cylinders 5_of the engine are rigidly mounted on the control arm rod 19 , and eccentrics 23 for the other row of cylinders 5_are rotatably mounted on the control arm rod 19 .

The engine in another variant of the compression ratio changing mechanism shown in Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 is characterized by the mechanism having two control shafts 33 with lubricating channels 34 , rotatably mounted in the fittings 31 which are rigidly mounted withscrews 2 1 with the fittings 36 , which are then rigidly mounted with other screws on the engine body 1 . The control shafts 3 3 have rigidly mounted coupling elements 3 2 on them, such as toothed wheels also connected with the coupling elements 17 such as toothed wheels rigidly fixed on the eccentrics 18 23 which are in turn rotatably mounted on the control arm rod 19 . The control shafts33are preferably coupled with each other, where the coupling elements 29 , can be in the form of toothed wheels. Each of the control shafts 33 is placed in parallel to the control arm rod 19 .

The engine in another variant of the compression ratio change mechanism shown in Fig. 6 and Fig. 8 is characterized by the mechanism not having a control shaft. The mechanism in this case consists of one rotatably mounted control arm rod 19 with a lubrication channel 20 and with eccentrics 18_and 23 mounted on it, of which some eccentrics 23_along with the coupling elements 24 mounted on them, in the form of toothed wheels for example, are rotatably mounted on the control arm rod 19, with a coupling element 25, such as a toothed wheel, rigidly mounted on the control arm rod 19 , which through an intermediate coupling element 2 6 such as a toothed wheel is connected to an eccentric 23 rotatably mounted on the control arm rod 19. The coupling element 2 6 whose axis is perpendicular to the axis of the control arm rod 1 9 is rotatably mounted in the fitting 22_connected rigidly with the element 16_of the body l_by screws 21 - as shown in Fig. 6 or rotatably mounted on a common batten 27 - as shown in Fig. 8.

The engine in yet another variation of the compression ratio changing mechanism shown in Fig. 7 and Fig. 9 is characterized by the mechanism not having a control shaft and not having a coupling element rigidly fixed directly on the control arm rod 19 .The mechanism in this case consists of a single control arm rod 19 with a lubrication channel 20 rotatably mounted on the engine bodyland with eccentrics 18,23 mounted on it. All the eccentrics 18 , 23 have coupling elements 24 in the form of toothed wheels mounted on them, which are rotatably connected through coupling elements 26, such as toothed wheels with their axis perpendicular to the control arm rod 19 axis, with the fittings 22 as shown in Fig. 7 or a common batten 27 as shown in Fig. 9. The intermediate coupling element 2 6 connects the neighboring eccentrics 18 ,23, of which the eccentric 23 is mounted rotatably on the control arm rod 19, while the eccentric 18 is mounted rigidly on the control arm rod 19. Each fitting 22 is rigidly connected with the element 16 of the engine body J_with screws 21 . The combustion engine in a four-stroke multi-row multi-cylinder engine construction variant, in particular a two-row cylinder engine with a control arm and piston mechanism, shown in cross-section in Fig. 1, having a mechanism for changing the compression ratio as specified in the description and claims No. 14 to No. 23 with the control arm and piston mechanism located in the engine bodylconsists of the body 1 , crankshaft 2 , pistons 7, cylinders 5_and the engine head, a single control arm rod 19 for both cylinder rows 5_with eccentrics 18, 23 , control arms 1 4 mounted rotatably on the eccentrics 18, 2 3 for each piston 7 separately, connecting rods 9 , 6_connecting the piston 7 with the crankshaft 2 via pins 15, H, 8_and control arm 14 , preferably with a compression ratio changing mechanism as specified previously in the description and patent claims No 1 through No 3 and No 5 through No 20 has an operating mechanism, where the piston path is preferably the longest for the expansion stroke, it consists of a toothed wheel 37 mounted on the crankshaft 2_of the engine, rotatably mounted in the body 1, an intermediate crankshaft 40 with a toothed wheel 37 connected to it, connecting rod 39 , clutch 41 mounted on the control arm rod l_9_and the control arm rod itself 19 with the eccentrics 18, 23 rotatably mounted in the engine body 1. The intermediate crankshaft 40 axis is located outside of the plane created by the control arm rod 19 axis and the crankshaft 2 axis. The control arm rod 19 or control shaft 33 is rotatably coupled through the intermediate crankshaft 40 and connecting rod 3 9 with the crankshaft 2 in a 2: 1 ratio and it performs an oscillating motion at half the engine crankshaft rotation speed 2_in the oscillation angle below 180 degrees, where the eccentrics 18. 23 oscillate once per two crankshaft rotations 2.

The goal of the invention in this construction variant is to achieve the operation of a four-stroke internal combustion engine, in which the path of the piston 7_is preferably the longest in the expansion stroke.

The essence of the invention in the construction variant shown in Fig. 11 is the oscillating motion of the control arm rod J_9_or the control shaft 33_and thus the oscillation movement of the eccentrics 18. 23 mounted on the control arm rod 19 in a four-stroke combustion engine as specified in the description and as shown in Fig. 11, which takes place in its angle of oscillation below 180 degrees.

Each rotation of the crankshaft 2 by 360 degrees corresponds to one oscillating motion of the control arm rod 1 9 bv an angle less than 180 degrees. This oscillating motion of the control arm rod 19 is correlated and synchronized with the position and rotation of the crankshaft 2 .

The point of the invention and its operation in the proposed construction variant is specified in the description and shown in Figure 11 where the crankshaft 2_mounted rotatably in the engine body J_is coupled with the control arm rod 19 through the intermediate crankshaft 40 mounted rotatably in the engine body 1 , which through the connecting rod 39 mounted on it and on the control arm rod 19 and the clutch 41 mounted in this construction variant on the control arm rod 19 or in other construction variants mounted on the crankshaft 2_or the control shaft 33, which is not shown on the picture, causes the control arm rod 19 to perform oscillating motion. The intermediate crankshaft 4 0 coupled rotatably with the crankshaft 2, preferably via toothed wheels 37, 42 mounted on them as well as via a toothed belt 37 or chain in a 2: 1 ratio, i.e. the intermediate crankshaft 40 rotates at half the rotation speed of the engine crankshaft 2.

As a result of this coupling and by a connecting rod 39 rotatably mounted on the pin of the intermediate crankshaft 40, which is also mounted rotatably on the other end on the clutch pin 4 1 mounted on the control arm rod 1 9 or the control shaft 33 the control arm rod 19_along with the eccentrics 18, 23 mounted on it becomes coupled with the crankshaft 2_and performs an oscillating motion in the angle range belowl80 degrees, which causes the oscillation period of the eccentrics 18, 23, which oscillate in the opposite directions to correspond to two rotations of the engine crankshaft 2.

The intermediate crankshaft 40 coupled with the control arm rod 19 and the crankshaft 2_performs a rotational motion at half the crankshaft 2 rotational speed.

In the case of an internal combustion engine construction variant having a compression ratio changing mechanism according to patent 4 with two control shafts 3 3 described in the previous section and shown in Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, the crank shaft 2_is rotatably coupled in a 2: 1 ratio with the control shaft 33 through a mechanism as shown in Fig. 11 with a clutch 41 mounted on one of the rotatably coupled control shafts 33 _{. .} The clutch 4l_can be mounted on the engine crankshaft 2.

Such a coupling between the crankshaft 2_and a given control shaft 33 via a clutch 41, an intermediate crankshaft 40_and a connecting rod 39 results in the opposite direction of the oscillating motion of the coupled control shafts 33 and the coupled with them eccentrics 18, 23 rotatably mounted on the control arm rod 19 , where the motion is within the oscillation motion angle range below 180 degrees and oscillating with half the rotational speed of the crankshaft 2_i.e. the eccentrics 18, 23 oscillation period corresponds to two crankshaft 2 rotations.

The internal combustion engine in the construction variant shown in Fig. 10 has a control arm rod 1 9 on which eccentrics 18, 23_are mounted and in this construction variant also a control shaft 3 3 and crankshaft 2 mounted with a toothed wheel 37. which is coupled rotatably via a toothed belt 38_or via a chain and a clutch with the toothed wheel 43 in a 2: 1 ratio, i.e. the control arm rod 19 or control shaft 33 rotates at half the rotational speed of the engine crankshaft 2. The clutch with the toothed wheel 43 can be mounted on the control arm rod 19, as shown in the example on Fig. 10 or alternatively on the crankshaft 2_or on the control shaft 33.

The control arm rod 19 and the control shaft 33 perform rotational motion with half the rotational speed of the engine crankshaft 2_in a correlated and synchronized manner with the speed and position of the engine crankshaft 2. Such a coupling of the control arm rod l_9_and eccentrics!!, 23 mounted on it or the control shaft 31 with the crankshaft 2_results in the opposite direction of rotation of the eccentrics 18, 23 rotatably mounted on the control arm rod 19 at half the rotational speed of the engine crankshaft 2_and the motion of the piston 7_is different for each stroke, where preferably the piston pathway would be the longest in the expansion stroke, where the piston reaches its maximum i.e. its TDC point when the crankshaft 2_rotates by 720 degrees.

In the case of an internal combustion engine construction variant with a compression ratio changing mechanism according to the patent claim 4 with two control shafts 33. previously described, and shown in Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, crankshaft 2 is coupled rotatably in 2: 1 ratio with the chosen control shaft 33 via a mechanism as shown in Fig. 10 with the clutch 43 mounted on one of the rotatably coupled control shafts 33. .The clutch 43_can be mounted on the engine crankshaft 2.

Such a coupling of the crankshaft 2_with a given control shaft 3 3 via a clutch 4 3 means that the coupled control shafts 3 3 and coupled with them eccentrics 18, 23 rotatably mounted on the control arm rod 19 perform a rotational motion at half the rotational speed of the engine crankshaft 2.

The engine in a four-stroke construction variant, preferably multi-row, multi-cylinder internal combustion engine, especially in the two-row cylinder variant, with a mechanism for changing the compression ratio as specified in the description and patent claims No. 14 through No. 23 of the invention is characterized by the engine crankshaft 2 being coupled rotatably with the compression ratio changing mechanism via the clutch with a toothed wheel 43 in a 1 :2 ratio and rotates with twice the rotational speed of the eccentrics 18. 23 mounted on the control arm rod 19. The clutch with a toothed wheel 4 3 is mounted on the crankshaft 2_or on the compression ratio change mechanism i.e. on the control arm rod 19_or the control shaft 33 . In this variant the piston stroke 7 is different in each cycle, and preferably the piston 7_path is the longest in the expansion stroke. Piston 7_is located in the top dead center - TDC-after the crankshaft 2_rotation by 720 degrees. In this variant as shown in Fig. 10 the clutch with a toothed wheel 43 was mounted on the control arm rod 19 as an example.

The engine in a four-stroke construction variant, preferably multi-row, multi-cylinder internal combustion engine, especially in the two-row cylinder variant, with a mechanism for changing the compression ratio as specified in the description and patent claims No. 14 through No. 23 of the invention is characterized by the engine crankshaft 2 being coupled rotatably with the compression ratio changing mechanism via the intermediate crankshaft 40 and connecting rod 39 as well as the clutch 41 in a 1 :2 ratio and rotates twice faster than the rotational speed of the intermediate crankshaft 4 0 and the period of oscillation of the eccentrics 18, 23 mounted on the control arm rod 19 corresponds to two rotations of the crankshaft 2 . The angle of the eccentrics 18, 23 rotation is below 180 degrees. The clutch 4 1 is mounted on the crankshaft 2 or on the compression ratio changing mechanism i.e. on the control arm rod 1 9 or the control shaft 33.The axis of the intermediate crankshaft 40 is located outside the plane of the crankshaft axis 2 .Preferably the piston 7_motion is longest in the expansion stroke. The variant shown in Fig 11 has the clutch 41 mounted on the control arm rod 19.

In the construction variants described previously and shown in Fig. 10 and Fig. 11, the position of the engine crankshaft 2_corr elated and synchronized with the position of the eccentrics 18, 23 mounted on the control arm rod.

The operation of the engine in construction variants, where the crankshaft 2 is rotatably coupled in a 1 :2 ratio with the compression ratio change mechanism leading to, among others, that the expansion stroke is preferably the longest. The author of this design solution referred to such a cycle henceforth as a Szymkowiak cycle.

The mechanism for changing the compression ratio of a piston device according to the invention in the form of a multi-row multi-cylinder engine, in particular a two-row multi-cylinder internal combustion engine, pump or compressor comprises of a control arm rod 19 mounted inside the engine body 1 with eccentrics 18, 23 mounted on the control arm rod 19. The control arm rod 19 has a lubrication channel 20 with open ends 35 reaching outside of the control arm rod 19_at points where it is rotatably mounted, as well as through the eccentrics 18 and 23 in points where the control arms 14 are mounted on the eccentrics 18 and 23, as well as in locations where they are rotatably mounted on the control arm rod 19, thus forming the lubrication system. Single control arms 14 are rotatably mounted on the eccentrics 18, 23. The mechanism also has coupling elements for connecting the mechanism elements and to make the neighboring eccentrics 18 , 23 rotate preferably in opposite directions.

In one of the compression ratio change mechanism variants shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, the mechanism consists of: an engine body 1 on which a control arm rod 19 with a lubrication channel 20 is rotatably mounted, on which there is a rigidly mounted coupling element 28, and eccentrics 1 8 and 23 mounted on the control arm rod 19, of which the eccentrics 23 for one row of cylinders 5_have a coupling element J_7_such as a toothed wheel and are rotatably mounted on the control arm rod 19, while the other eccentrics !8for the other row of cylinders 5 are mounted on it rigidly, at least one control shaft 33 with a lubrication channel 3 4 rotatably mounted in the fixtures 3 1 rigidly connected with screws 2 1 with other fixtures 36, that are rigidly connected with other screws to the engine body!. Coupling elements 32 such as toothed wheels are rigidly mounted on the control shaft 33, and are connected with the coupling elements 17 rigidly mounted on the eccentrics 23. The control shaft 33 is connected with the control arm rod 19 via: a coupling element 28_such as a toothed wheel mounted rigidly on the control arm rod 19, and intermediate coupling element 30 such as a toothed wheel mounted rotatably in the fixture 36_of the bodylas well as coupling element 29_such as a toothed wheel rigidly mounted on the control shaft 33 . The intermediate coupling element 30 is located between the coupling elements 28 and 29 .The control shaft 33 is positioned in parallel to the control arm rod 19 .The eccentrics 18, preferably for one row of cylinders 5_of the device are mounted rigidly on the control arm rod 19, while the eccentrics 23 from the other row of cylinders 5_are rotatably mounted on the control arm rod 19 .

The externally driven rotation of the control arm rod!9created manually or mechanically by a servomotor, or a stepper motor controlled by signals from the engine control system for example leads to the rotation of the control shaft33 coupled with it as well as the eccentrics 2 3 coupled rotatably on the control arm rod 19, whose direction of rotation is opposite to the direction of control arm rod 19 rotation which also means opposite to the rotation direction of the eccentrics 1 8 rigidly mounted on the control arm rod 19 .Preferably the eccentrics 18 with the control arm 14 mounted on them for one row of cylinders will move in a direction opposite to the eccentrics 23 with the control arm 14 mounted on them for the second row of cylinders. The change in the position of eccentrics JJ and 23 mounted on the control arm rod 19 ,and hence the control arms 14 mounted on them, as a result of the invention mechanism operation leads to a change in the compression ratio and allows obtaining the desired pressure, preferably of the same value in all cylinders of the device.

In this variant, but in another version, the mechanism for changing the compression ratio does not have an intermediate coupling 30_of the control arm rod 19 with the control shaft 33. .In this case, the coupling of the control arm rod 1 9 with the control shaft 3 3 is done through a toothed belt or similar. In this variant, but in yet another version, there is no coupling between the control arm rod 19 and the control shaft 33. In this case the control arm rod J_9_and the control shaft 33_are rotated independently of each other but their rotations correlate with each other to produce the change of compression ratio in the cylinders.

In another variant of the compression ratio change mechanism shown in Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, the mechanism has two control shafts 3 3 with lubrication channels 34, that are rotatably mounted in the fittings 3 1 rigidly connected with screws 21 with fittings 36, which are then rigidly connected to the engine body 1 with other screws. The control shafts 3 3 have rigidly mounted coupling mechanisms 32, such as toothed wheels coupled with other coupling elements 17 such as toothed wheels that are rigidly mounted on the eccentrics 18, 23 which are then rotatably mounted on the control arm rod 19 .The control shafts 3 3 are preferably coupled with one another via coupling elements 2 9 that are rigidly mounted on them, where those coupling elements 29, may be in the form of toothed wheels. Each of the control shafts 3 3 is positioned in parallel to the control arm rod 19 . A given rotation of the control shafts 33_and the eccentrics 18, 23 connected to them causes change in the position of the eccentrics 18, 23and the control arms 14 mounted on the mas well as preferably identical compression ratio in all the cylinders 5 .

In another variant of the compression ratio change mechanism shown in Fig. 6 and Fig. 8, the mechanism does not have a control shaft. The mechanism in this case in the engine body 1 has one rotatably mounted crank shaft 1 9 with a lubrication channel 20_and eccentrics 18 and 23 mounted on it, of which some eccentrics, for example 23 for one row of cylinders 5_along with the coupling mechanisms mounted on them 24 such as in the form of toothed wheels, are rotatably mounted on the control arm rod 19, and rigidly mounted on the control arm rod 1 9 coupling element 2 5 such as a toothed wheel, which via an intermediate coupling element 26_such as a toothed wheels rotatably mounted on the control arm rod 19 via an eccentric 23 .The control arm rod rotation 19 causes the eccentrics 23 that are rotatably mounted on the control arm rod 19 to move in a direction opposite to that of the control arm rod rotation 19, and thus in the same direction as the eccentrics 18 for the other row of cylinders 5 rigidly mounted on it. The coupling element 26 with an axis perpendicular to the control arm rod axis 19 is rotatably mounted in the fitting 22 rigidly connected to the element 16_of the engine body J_via screws 21 - as shown in Fig. 6 or is rotatably mounted in a common batten 27 - as shown in Fig. 8.

In another variant of the compression ratio change mechanism shown in Fig. 7 and Fig. 9, the mechanism does not have a control shaft and does not have a coupling element, which was rigidly mounted directly on the control arm rod 19 .The mechanism in this case consists of a single, rotatably mounted on the engine body lcontrol arm rod 19 with a lubrication channel 20 and the eccentrics 18. 23 mounted on it. All the eccentrics 18, 23 have coupling elements 24_such as toothed wheels mounted on them that are rotatably mounted in the fittings 22 - as shown in Fig. 7 or on a common batten 27 - as shown in Fig. 9 and interacting through the intermediate coupling elements 26_such as toothed wheels whose axis is perpendicular to the axis of the control arm rod 19 The interacting coupling elements 24 connect neighboring eccentrics 18, 23, of which the eccentric 23 is mounted rotatably on the control arm rod 19, while the eccentric 18 is mounted rigidly on the control arm rod 19. Each fitting 22 is rigidly connected with an element 16_of the engine bodylwith screws 21 .Control arms of one of the rows of cylinders 5_are mounted on the eccentrics 18 and the control arms of the second row of cylinders 5 are mounted on the other eccentrics 23.

In all variations of the compression ratio change mechanism the desired change of the compression ratio takes place through the external rotation of the control arm rod 1 9 or the control shaft 3 3 and is performed manually or mechanically by, for example, a servomotor, stepper motor or similar, which are coupled, depending on the compression ratio mechanism construction variant with either the control arm rod J_9_or the control shaft 33 and are controlled from the engine supply and control system which in turn makes the eccentrics 18, 23 mounted on the control arm rod 1 9 move in opposing directions preferably resulting in an even compression ratio change in all of the engine cylinders 5.

The desired result of such motion of the eccentrics 18. 2 3 is preferably achieving the same compression ratio value in all the engine cylinders 5 .