KUMAR K SANJEEV (IN)
RATHOD L B LAXMIKANTH (IN)
WO2017216736A1 | 2017-12-21 |
IN201911024980A | 2021-01-01 |
CLAIMS 1. A method for identifying and authentication of efficient host- specific Rhizobial species using Homogenous Soil Mixture (HSM), by cultivatable method of steps comprising: Collecting forest soils from six districts (Adilabad, Karimnagar, Khammam, Mahabubnagar, Medak and Warangal) for sampling process, 3 different forests from each district are considered (3x6=18) and soils from 9 sites of each forest (9x18=162) total of 162 samples; Mixing the 162 samples to form a single homogenous mixture of soil (HMS) sample; the homogenous mixture of rhizospheric soils being specific to each different plant; Selecting undamaged and healthy Vigna radiata (green gram) seeds of proper shape and size from a single lot; Sterilizing the surface of seeds firstly with 0.1% HgCl2 solution and then washing with sterile distilled water for 5 time to remove the traces of HgCl2 ; Implanting 5 seeds in each pot with homogenous mixture of soil (HMS), later thinning to one; Irrigating the pots regularly and giving Hoagland’s solution course now and then, also maintaining the triplicates; Sowing and extracting after 60 days the best grown plants in terms of length, weight and health and washing the roots with jet of water to remove adhering dirt/soil particles ; Selecting the root nodules of large size, pink in color, similar in shape and know to be efficient; Taking the surface sterilized root nodules into a sterile tube containing YEM broth and crushing the root nodules with a sterile glass rod; Inoculating the obtained root nodule extract onto sterile YEMA medium plates by spread plate method; Incubating the Petri plates at room temperature for 3-5 days under aseptic conditions until visible colonies of Rhizobium are developed; Collecting the Rhizobium sample for identifying the efficient Rhizobium species; 2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein collecting soils from six districts (Adilabad, Karimnagar, Khammam, Mahabubnagar, Medak and Warangal) for sampling process, considering 3 different forests from each district (3x6=18) and soils from 9 sites of each forest (9x18=162) total of 162 samples; 3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the 162 samples are mixed to form a single Homogenous Soil Mixture (HSM), sample; 4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the undamaged and healthy seeds of proper shape and size are selected for sowing and the seeds were first surface sterilized with 0.1 % HgCl2 solution, then washed with sterile distilled water for 5 times to remove the traces of HgCl2; 5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein 5 seeds are implanted in each pot with Homogenous Soil Mixture (HSM), later thinned to one; 6. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pots are regularly irrigated and Hoagland’s solution course was given now and triplicates are maintained; 7. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the best grown plants in terms of length, weight and health after 60 days are selected and extracting the root nodules of large size, pink in colour and similar in shape and sterilize the root nodules; 8. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein taking the surface sterilized root nodules into a sterile tube containing YEM broth and crushing the root nodules with a sterile glass rod and inoculating the obtained root nodule extract onto a sterile YEMA medium by spread plate method and incubating at room temperature for 3-5 days under aseptic conditions until visible colonies of Rhizobium are developed and collecting the identified Rhizobium species ; 9. A method for authentication of Rhizobium species comprising: Taking a sterile screw capped container of 50ml and filling it with substratum (sterilized soil); Placing surface sterilized seeds into the soil; Covering the base with aluminium foil, protecting the roots from light; Placing the container near the window, allowing sufficient sunlight for photosynthesis; Inoculating with the Rhizobium after 2-3 days (seed germination); Irrigating regularly with sterile water and now and then with Hoagland’s solution; Evaluating the plants between 35-45 days inoculation; Authentication of isolates by observing the inoculated plants with the root nodules, un-inoculated plants remain nodule free. 10. A method of isolating of host specific efficient Rhizobium species and identification of Rhizobium species WG strain [WGMH290562.1 (Culture deposition number MTCC 12969 & JCM 33803)] with broad application range. |
Table 3: Nodulation score chart. Table 4: Lab plants results growth of Vigna radiata (green gram) after 45 days [0040] Referring to FIG.3 is a flow chart depicting a method for authentication and isolating of host- specific Rhizobium, in accordance with one or more exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. The method 300 may be carried out in the context of the details of FIG.1.FIG.2. Further, the aforementioned definitions may equally apply to the description below. [0041] The method commences, growing of seedlings for authentication of Rhizobium species. At step 301, taking a sterile screw capped container of 50ml and filling it with substratum (sterilized soil) supporting the growth of green gram. Thereafter, at step 303, placing surface sterilized seeds into the soil, hereby at step 305, covering the base with aluminium foil for protecting the roots from light. At step 307, place the container near the window by allowing sufficient sunlight for photosynthesis to take place. At step 309, inoculate with the Rhizobium after seed germination (say about 2-3 days) at this step the control is maintained without inoculating the Rhizobium. Thereafter, at step 311, the pots are regularly irrigated with sterile water and now and then with sterile Hoagland’s solution which is a hydroponic nutrient solution. At step 313, the plants are evaluated between 35-45 days if inoculation for observation of nodules. Thereafter, at step 315, authentication of isolates by observing the inoculated plants with the root nodules, un-inoculated plants remain nodule free. Further biochemical analysis of the root nodules is conducted for testing the efficiency of identified Rhizobium species. [0042] In an exemplary embodiment, the biochemical tests are carried out like Nitrogen estimation, chlorophyll estimation, total protein estimation, estimation of leghaemoglobin for testing the efficiency of the Rhizobium species are explained in detailed. [0043] In another exemplary embodiment, tests for authentication of Rhizobium species are performed. Nitrogen estimation test is carried out by taking 1gram of root nodules extract in digestion tube, is added with 15g of potassium sulphate, 16.7 g of potassium sulphate, 0.01g of copper sulphate, 0.6g of TiO2, 0.3g of Pumice. To the same tube 20ml of sulphuric acid was added and heated the flask at 390oC for 40 minutes to one hour. After heating, cooling and diluting with 250ml of distilled water. Distillate the flask with 75ml of HCl, and add 2-3 drops of methyl red indicator. The collected distillation sample is titrated with 0.1N NaOH until it changes color from red to yellow. Percentage of nitrogen is calculated by using the formula =[(ml standard acid x N of acid) - (ml blank x N of base)] - (ml std base x N of base) x 1.4007 \ Weight of sample in grams. [0044] In another exemplary embodiment, Chlorophyll Estimation test is carried out by taking fresh leaves weighed 500 mg, cleaned and ground in pestle and mortar by adding 10 ml of 80 % acetone. Crushed leaf extract is collected in test tube and centrifuged at 1000 rpm for 15 min. Supernatant is collected and the pellet is re-extracted twice by grinding with 80% acetone. Collected supernatant is estimated for total chlorophyll content by spectrophotometer at 663 nm. [0045] In another exemplary embodiment total protein estimation is carried out in the following way, root nodules are crushed, the sample is collected in test tube and added with 5ml of reagent A (2% Na2CO3, 1% NaK Tartrate and 0.5% CuSO4.5 H2O). Test tube is mixed properly and kept in dark for 10 minutes. After completion of incubation, sample is added with 0.5ml of reagent B (Folin Phenol) and incubated in dark for 30 min, total protein content is estimated in spectrophotometer at 660nm. [0046] In another embodiment, estimation of Leghaemoglobin is carried out. The amount of nitrogen (N) fixed in the symbiotic association between the rhizobia and the plant is closely correlated with the amount of leghaemoglobin (LHb) content of the root nodules of leguminous plants. 50 to 100mg nodules are collected and crushed in 9 volumes of Drabkin's solution in a microfuge tube with a glass rod before centrifugation at 12,000 for 15 minutes. A 0.2m syringe filter is used to filter the supernatant. The filtrate is collected in a micro cuvette, and its absorbance at 540 nm is measured using a spectrophotometer (Kannan, 2015). The above mentioned tests are carried out for identifying efficient Rhizobium species and isolating the species. [0047] Referring to FIG. 4 is a flow chart depicting a method for isolating of host- specific Rhizobium species from Homogenous Soil Mixture (HSM), in accordance with one or more exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. The method 400 may be carried out in the context of the details of FIG.1.FIG.2. FIG.3. Further, the aforementioned definitions may equally apply to the description below. [0048] The method commences at step 400, isolating Rhizobium by using homogenous soil mixture as source sample. Thereafter, at step, 403 adding 1gm soil to sterile distilled water and subjecting to 10 fold serial dilutions. At step 405, placing the dilutions (10 -6 , 10 -7 and 10 -8 ) on YEMA medium using spread plate method under aseptic conditions at room temperature and observed for 3-6 days until the colonies are developed. Hereafter, observing the obtained Rhizobium for morphological characteristics of the identified species. At step 407, observing the obtained Rhizobium for morphological characteristics of the identified species. Hereafter, at step 409, performing confirmatory tests for microbial identification of the Rhizobium species. [0049] In an exemplary embodiment, Isolation of DNA from rhizobial colonies .The DNA is isolated from the Rhizobial colony. The obtained DNA sample is analysed by colony PCR. DNA is isolated from the bacterial culture; the DNA used in PCR to amplify bacterial 16s rDNA PCR Kit (800). PCR process in the present disclosure uses the rDNA PCR Kit obtained from (TAKARA), Catalog number-RR182A. Using primers from the kit, amplified a 1500bp amplicon and no amplicon was visible in the negative (no DNA) control and the expected sized amplicon (1500bp) was seen in the positive control. The test amplicon of 1500 bp was purified using magnetic beads and the product sequenced by Sanger’s method of DNA sequencing. The sequencing results were assembled and compared with NCBI data base. [0050] In another exemplary embodiment PCR Analysis in polymerase chain reaction 16S rRNA Universal primers are used to amplify the small subunit rRNA of each sample’s culture DNA. The reaction mixture 50 µl contains 4µl bacterial DNA (nearly 200ng), 1µl Taq-DNA polymerase, 5µl of Taq buffer, 5µl of 2mM dNTP mix, 5 µl of forward primer (10 pM/µl) and 5 µl of reverse primer (10 pM/µl). PCR Amplification is carried out in a Bio-Rad thermo cycler run for 30 cycles. Denaturation was done for 94ºC for 20s, annealing at 48ºC for 20s and extension was done at 72ºC for 40s for each cycle, final extension was carried out for 5min at 72ºC at the end of all 30 cycles. The amplified PCR product of approximately 1500 bp is separated on a 1% agarose gel and purified by Qiagen spin columns. [0051] In another exemplary embodiment, 16S rRNA gene sequencing the purified 1542bp PCR product was sequenced using universal primers. The complete 16S rRNA gene sequence of the isolate is subjected to BLAST sequence similarity search and Ez Taxon to identify the nearest taxa. The entire related 16S rRNA gene sequence was downloaded from the database (http://www. nbi .nlm.nih-gov) aligned using the celestial – program. [0052] Referring to FIG.5A and FIG.5B is a schematic representation of preparation of Homogenous Soil Mixture (HSM) in accordance with one or more exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. [0053] In an exemplary embodiment, 500A is a schematic representation of preparation of Homogenous Soil Mixture(HSM) explains the process of collecting forest soil samples from 9 differently located forests; 3 sites of each forest , about 162 samples from an undisturbed forest area where, KH denotes forest soil of Khammam district, KR denote forest soil of Karimnagar district, ME denotes forest soil of Medak district, MB denotes forest soil of Mahabubnagar district , WG denotes forest soil of Warangal district, AD denotes forest soil of Adilabad district and C as control , n = 3 (experiments were done in triplicates) Homogenous Soil Mixture (soil mixture containing soil samples from KH, KR, ME, MB, WG and AD) [0054] In another embodiment, 500B is a schematic representation of selected sample with efficient rood nodules produced and further used root nodule study for identification, isolation and authentication of Rhizobium species. [0055] Referring to FIG.6 is a schematic representation of method of isolation of Rhizobium species to enhance crop productionin accordance with one or more exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. [0056] In another exemplary embodiment , 600 is a schematic representation of method of isolation of Rhizobium species to enhance crop production, various soil samples are collected from different forest regions to form a Homogenous Soil Mixture (HSM) and triplicates are maintained with Vigna radiata (green gram), from which the best plants with suitable growth parameters are selected , their root nodules are collected , crushed and sprayed to fresh batch of seeds and these are grown by suitable cultivatable methods, later are selected for isolation of DNA by 16S rRNA sequencing for constructing phylogenetic tree for Rhizobium species for identifying the host- specific efficient Rhizobium species. [0057] Referring to FIG.7 is a schematic representation of phylogenetic tree of Rhizobia present in the Homogenous mixture of all collected Rhizospheresoil. [0058] Referring to FIG.8 is a schematic representation of phylogenetic tree identifying Rhizobium species WG MH290562.1 (Culture deposition number MTCC 12969 &; JCM 33803), in accordance with one or more exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. [0059] In another exemplary embodiment, 800 is a schematic representation of phylogenetic tree identifying Rhizobium species. WG MH290562.1 (Culture deposition number MTCC 12969 & JCM 33803). [0060] In another exemplary embodiment, the present disclosure studies reveal a highly specific species of Rhizobia that contributes plant growth via nitrogen fixing in Vigna radiata (green gram). Out of 26 species of Rhizobium, WG Strain is found to be efficient in nodule formation and in turn aiding in the enhanced growth and yield of Vigna radiata (green gram). Geographical acclimatization is the reason for physical and compositional analogy of the soil samples. This infers that the growth in the top four plant growth supporting soils is due to the microbial biomass, especially nitrogen fixing bacteria which was proved by means of nitrogen fixing in root nodule by Rhizobium sps. WG. The 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed the Rhizobium as Rhizobium species WG strain [WGMH290562.1 (Culture deposition number MTCC 12969 &; JCM 33803)] and has shown positive result in growth of Vigna radiata (green gram). This species of Rhizobium which is host-specific proved to be the best bio-fertilizer with broad application range. [0061] Although the present disclosure has been described in terms of certain preferred embodiments and illustrations thereof, other embodiments and modifications to preferred embodiments may be possible that are within the principles of the invention. The above descriptions and figures are therefore to be regarded as illustrative and not restrictive. [0062] Thus the scope of the present disclosure is defined by the appended claims and includes both combinations and sub-combinations of the various features described hereinabove as well as variations and modifications thereof, which would occur to persons skilled in the art upon reading the foregoing description.
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