LINDSKOG LARS OLOV (SE)
| US4706544A | 1987-11-17 | |||
| US5111730A | 1992-05-12 |
| 1. | We hereby claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent the following. A method of preparing propellant charges for automatic loading by means of a flick rammer in artillery guns lfor firing in predetermined trajectories, the said propellant charges consisting of charge modules 20 the number of which is determined by the intended projectile type, projectile trajectory and gun elevation. The charge modules 20 are of uniform section and have mainly stiff combustible casings. A number of charge modules 20 which is predetermined for each individual round, is fed out from a magazine 13 designed for this purpose and holding continuous sets of compartments 14 which are connected to a conveyor and are driven forward mechanically. Each set of containers 14 initially holds a number of charge modules 20 that corresponds to the gun 1 maximum charge. The charge modules 20 are fed out on the level of a module feeding device opening 21 in the magazine and are transferred to a loading pendulum 27 which has a section adapted to that of the charge modules 20. The charge modules 20 are here arranged in a row one after the other or alternatively in a column above each other in order to be transferred to the gun 1 chamber. The method is further characterized by the charge modules 20 being separated from each other in compartments 1519 from which they are individually ejected, and that the charge modules 20 transferred to the loading pendulum 27 are compressed together between a fixed device 36 and a movable device 37 so as to form a closely compacted unit constituting the propellant charge required before they are transferred to the gun chamber and rammed. |
| 2. | A method as claimed in Claim 1 wherein the identical number of charge modules 20 is always fed to the module feeding device opening 21 and the charge modules 20 not used in the latest charge preparation are fed back to the magazine 13 at the same time as another complete set of charge modules 20 is fed to the module feeding device opening 21 for the next propellant charge. |
| 3. | A method as claimed in Claim 1 wherein the various compartments 1519 in the respective sets of compartments are arranged in connected rows containing charge modules and that compartments 1519 in the respective rows are connected to independent conveyors whose forward drive function is controlled individually so that a further set of compartments is moved forward to the module feeding device opening only when a previous compartment in the same row has been emptied. |
| 4. | A method as claimed in one or more of Claims 13 wherein charge modules are used which have a front end protruding heel and a rear end with protruding ringformed flange with an inner diameter which is adapted to the heel of another charge module of the same type thus allowing the charge modules 20 to be compressed to form a combined, mainly stiff unit which is suitable for mechanical operations. The charge modules 20 are mechanically ejected from the magazine 13 compartments 1519 in order to be conveyed via the module feeding device opening 21 following and above each other to loading pendulum 27. The long sides 3334 of loading pendulum 27 compress the charge modules 20 to form a straight column whilst the compacting heel 37 which moves in the longitudinal direction of the column compresses the charge modules into one unit against counter support 36 fixed in the end of loading pendulum 27. The combined propellant charge unit thus obtained is then transferred to gun rammer 38 and is automatically rammed immediately after the selected projectile. |
| 5. | A device which in combination with the methods as claimed in one or more of Claims 14 for the automatic loading (automatic ramming) using a flick rammer of prepared propellant charges in artillery guns 1 which are loaded with projectiles 7 and for each projectile, combinable charge modules 20 of uniform section with combustible, mainly stiff casings and of sizes and quantity which are adapted for each individual projectile. The device claimed has a module feeding device opening 21, a magazine 13 with a number of compartments 1519 for charge modules 20, and ejectors 2226 which can be activated individually for moving the selected charge modules 20 from the compartments 1519 in the magazine at the module feeding device opening 21 to the said loading pendulum 27. Loading pendulum 27 is on the same level as and covers the said module feeding device opening 21. Loading pendulum 27 has long sides 3334 which can be opened by the activation of hydraulic piston 35. When open the long sides 3334 allow for the transfer of the selected number of charge modules 20 for each individual projectile to loading pendulum 27 from module feeding device opening compartments 1519. In closed position, the loading pendulum long sides 3334 compress the various charge modules 20 so as to form a straight column. When activated, a protrudable device 37 in the longitudinal direction of the pendulum compresses the various charge modules 20 against fixed counter support 36 at the end of the loading pendulum 27. The charge modules 20 form a unified propellant charge and loading pendulum 27 is suspended in such a manner that it can be swung to a position in line with and immediately above the flick rammer 38 of the artillery gun 1 in question. The long sides 3334 of loading pendulum 27 now open and the propellant charge is transferred in the conventional manner and rammed into the artillery gun barrel 1. |
| 6. | A device as claimed in Claim 5 wherein the said magazine 13 comprises a moving conveyor belt fitted on cog wheels 30 fixed at the end of the magazine. The conveyor includes a large number of sets of compartments 14 disposed across the direction of movement, which can be ejected transversely. Each set comprises a number of compartments 1519 above each other and each compartment is intended to hold one or more charge modules 20. The magazine 13 further comprises module feeding device opening 21 at one end with individually activated ejectors 2226 on a level with each separate compartment in the conveyor. When the said ejectors are activated, charge modules 20 in the compartments 1519 are transferred to loading pendulum 27 connected to the module feeding device opening 21. |
| 7. | A device as claimed in one or more of Claims 5 or 6 wherein one long side of the magazine 13 can be opened for the insertion of charge modules 20 in previously emptied compartments. |
| 8. | A device as claimed in one or more of Claims 57 wherein ejectors 2226 are programmed to eject a selected number of charge modules 20 beginning at the lowest level so that the charge modules 20 form a column from the bottom and upwards in loading pendulum 27. |
| 9. | A device as claimed in one or more of Claims 58 wherein loading pendulum 27 is suspended in a manner which allows it to be moved to the side in a pivotable cradle 28 joumalled in the magazine which makes it possible for loading pendulum to be swung down vertically to a position opposite the magazine 13 module feeding device opening 21 and further, to be swung up horizontally and to all intermediate positions for the transfer of completed propellant charges to rammer 38 the angle of which is determined by the gun's elevation. |
| 10. | A device as claimed in one or more of Claims 59 wherein the conveyor has several parallel linked chains above or besides each other each regulating the forward movement of a line of compartments for charge modules 20 and further, the control of the movements of these chains is coordinated so that all compartments at module feeding device opening 21 are filled on each occasion it is required to activate the ejectors for the transfer of the predetermined number of charge modules 20 to loading pendulum 27. |
Background of the invention
The present invention relates to a method and a device for the preparation of propellant charges for automatic loading into artillery guns of the type which are loaded for different firing ranges with what are usually called modular charges. The charges consist of a predetermined number of propellant units in the form of combustible propellant modules of uniform section with stiff outer casings. It is a requirement for one type of these propellant units or modular charges that they are so designed that it is possible to connect them to larger charges without any special preparation.
Propellant modules of modular charge type have many advantages over the conventional cartridged ammunition and such types which include soft, so-called bag charges. The drawbacks of the time-consuming cartridge handling procedures and the high cost and high weight of the cartridges are avoided, and one obtains propellant charges which are considerably easier to ram automatically than the soft charge bags.
A further advantage is that the modular charges are comparatively easy to adapt for the different firing ranges and/or projectiles which is achieved merely by choosing one or several of the charges.
It is not so easy, however, to design a complete fully-automatic loading system even for modular charges as such complete systems must include the means for selection of the required firing range using the appropriate quantity of charge modules which can be of varying length, and also the means for combining the selected number of charge modules in one unit. In cases where the propellant modules are of the interconnecting type, the actual connection of the said modules must also be carried out. The intention of these operations is to make it possible to automatically load the propellant charges with the high loading velocities now required by modern artillery systems.
As referred to in the first paragraph, the combustible modular charges in at least one of the configurations are fitted with the means of interconnection in the form of a front protruding heel of somewhat smaller diameter than the charge itself and at the rear, a protruding ring-formed flange with an inner diameter which is adapted to the heel on
another propellant module of the same type. This design allows several modular charges to be pressed together to form a more or less stiff unit which is well suited to be rammed by, for example a modern flick rammer. This type of rammer will probably be increasingly used as it is regarded as the best method for increasing the rate of fire of barrel artillery systems.
We have, however, now discovered that it is not only these interconnectable modular charges which can be used in the present invention, but also those charges which have no interconnection function and have only unconnected propellant modules which together form a composite charge and which, following preparation can be automatically rammed by a flick rammer. That this is possible seems to be a direct consequence of the fact that the propellant units, despite being comprised of several relatively independent modules, are sufficiently combined and aligned by the present invention when delivered to the flick rammer.
The principles of the actual propellant modules or modular charges referred to in this context are described in US-A-4949640 and DE-A-7000615.4.
To connect manually the required numbers of modular charges and then carry out automatic ramming as has been the case hereto does not constitute a good solution to the problem as in order to meet the requirement for high rate of fire, it is necessary to increase the gun crew by a number of loaders whose sole task is to prepare the charges which then leads to the problem of providing the increased personnel and consequently larger area with at least adequate protection against fragments.
The requirement for fully-automatic loading systems even for large calibre and medium calibre artillery has recently been accentuated due to the improvement in methods of locating enemy guns in operation. Modern artillery tactics now strive to have a number of shells on the way to the target simultaneously before the first shell has reached the target, at the same time as it is recognized that one shall preferably change firing position immediately after the final shell in the salvo has been fired. This obviously places very high demands on the rates of fibre. Further requirements result from the fact that the simplest manner of having several rounds in the air on the way to the same target relies on the rounds being fired with different trajectories and different propellant charges. Besides the requirement for high firing rates it is also necessary for the right amounts and types of propellant charges to be readily available.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to propose a method and a device for the preparation of propellant charges adapted for automatic ramming with charge weights determined immediately prior to ramming for such artillery guns that are loaded with a number of propellant modules of the type described above with stiff, combustible cartridges and selected according to the projectile types, projectile trajectories and consequent elevations. The present invention provides for all operations from the selection of the number of propellant modules to be carried out automatically without the gun crew being required to handle the shells or propellant modules manually. It will be possible for the gun crew to carry out all operations from a position which is provided at least with fragment protection and mainly from the front section of the gun vehicle. The invention, however, allows complete operation of the gun by remote control.
A further advantage provided by the present invention is that the gun is rendered completely independent for at least shorter periods as the invention provides sufficient gun service in the form of own fire control system and a complete loading system together with a short term supply of rounds and propellant charges. Gun flexibility is thereby greatly increased as once in firing position, the gun can perform at least shorter missions without the need of a service vehicle in the immediate vicinity. This obviously results in less time being required before the gun is ready to fire and a reduced risk of detection and thereby increased protection against enemy fire.
The artillery system which results from the improvements provided by the present invention has many familiar components such as the gun itself, the loading system with rammer, the rounds and propellant charges, the fire control system etc. However, as the entire magazine system and loading pendulum and the associated sub-systems for preparing the propellant charges are completely new, the entire artillery system must also be regarded as new especially as some novel improvements have been achieved.
The idea behind the invention is that there shall always be a number of charge modules available in the module feeding device opening of the on-gun automatic magazine for apportioning the charge modules. The number of modules shall correspond to the maximum charge for the gun. Each round is prepared by feeding
out the calculated number of charge modules from the magazine to a loading pendulum or equivalent where the modules are arranged in a straight column by the sides of the pendulum pressing inwards and forcing the modules into alignment. A protrudable device in the longitudinal direction of the pendulum is then activated so that the charge modules are compressed against a counter support and form a tightly packed unit. If the modules are of the connectable type, a simultaneous connection operation between the heels and ring-form flanges of the various modules is carried out so that the individual modules form a single propellant charge. Irrespective of the type of charge module, the propellant charge obtained shall now be transferred to the rammer for automatic ramming into the gun immediately following the ramming of the selected round. For the method to function well, the magazine must always provide the required number of propellant charges and the loading pendulum must arrange the modules in a sufficiently accurate column to enable the modules to be compressed to form the units required for the continuation of the process.
The basic idea regarding the magazine in accordance with the invention, is that it shall have a number of propellant compartments on an endless conveyor, each one holding one single or alternatively, several ready-connected propellant charges. According to the invention, the magazine shall include not only a row of such compartments but several rows arranged alongside or preferably above each other. A complete collection of such compartments, ie one from each row, arranged above or besides each other forms what in future will be called a set of compartments. The number of filled compartments in a set corresponds to the gun's maximum charge. In the basic version, the positions of the various compartments are the same in each set of compartments and each set of compartments is identical. The sets of compartments are fed as fixed units by one or several coordinated conveyors up to the magazine module feeding device opening. In the preparation of propellant charges for each round, the number of modules required are pushed out of the compartments by devices designed for this purpose and are transferred to the loading pendulum. The propellant charges which are not used are moved with the set of departments to the magazine return and filling side which can advantageously be designed so it is possible to open completely in order to facilitate the refilling of empty compartments.
Another possibility is to allow each row of compartments to be manoeuvred by its own conveyor system so that the new compartments are delivered to the set of compartments only to the extent that the previous compartments have been emptied.
It should be clear from the above that there is an ejector at the magazine module feeding device opening for each compartment placed at the device. The ejectors are activated as soon as the loading pendulum is swung in against the magazine module feeding device opening and its sides are opened sufficiently to receive the propellant modules. Prior to this, the ejectors must have received the signal regarding the propellant charge modules to be included in the charge in question.
The loading pendulum is free to swing and possibly extendible and suspended in the magazine but such detailed design is described only in the enclosed drawings.
The invention is defined in the following patent claims.
Fig 1 shows a partly sectioned angled projection of an artillery gun designed in accordance with the invention but for purposes of clarity without the mounting.
Figs 2 and 3: two different partly sectioned angled projections of the magazine feeding end
Fig 4: in principle the same as Fig 2 but without the loading pendulum
Fig 5 a-d: loading pendulum only in four different projections.
The figures have been drawn on different scales so that each is as clear as possible within the available space.
The artillery gun shown in Fig 1 includes the barrel 1 with recoil buffers and recuperator 2, muzzle brake 3, gun cradle 4 and a conventional mechanism 5 which is shown in open position in the figure.
The figure also shows some of the most important components on the gun which are not discussed elsewhere in this text as they are not affected by the invention. These include the shell magazine 6 which holds the three rows of shells 7 of the three main types which can be fed out individually. There is a pivotable cradle 8 beside the shell magazine 6. A shell pendulum 9 which is pivotable and protrudable is suspended in the cradle 8. The pendulum can be swung from the horizontal position shown in the figure to a vertical position adjacent to the shell magazine 6 feeding device opening 10.
The pendulum can also be set in position directly in front of the shell required for loading into the gun. Using the shell pendulum 9 grabs 11, the shell in question is lifted from its location in the magazine to the horizontal position shown in Fig 1. The pendulum is then moved transversely to a position in line with and above the rammer 12 upon which the shell pendulum cradle 8 (which is joumalled in the gun trunnion centre) with the shell pendulum 9 swings to a position corresponding to the gun elevation and the shell can be directly transferred to the flick rammer 12. This also follows the gun elevation and the shell can be rammed when the rammer has swung into alignment with the barrel 1.
Fig 1 shows the propellant magazine 13 which is the result of the present invention but Fig 2-5d shows the magazine with subsidiary systems in greater detail on a larger scale. An automatically protrudable conveyor (see eg Fig 3) consisting of several hinged vertical sets of compartments 14 runs in the propellant charge magazine 13. These are shown as chutes open on one side in the drawings. Each of these sets of compartments 14 or chutes holds a number of compartments 15-19 each originally holding one or, in the case of compartment 15, two propellant modules 20. The number of propellant modules in each compartment can of course vary between one and several depending on the gun to be loaded and the size of the propellant modules. The compartment set 14 is designed to be fed by the conveyor to a vertical feeding device opening 21 in the magazine. In this position all the charge modules 20 in the various compartments in the set can be influenced by the ejectors 22-26 designed for this purpose. The intention is that the feeding device opening 21 shall be fed with new compartment sets with all compartments 15-19 filled with charge modules 20 to the extent required. Ejectors 22-26 adapted for each individual shell are moved so as to be in line with the feeding device opening 21 swung down by the loading pendulum 27 which has firstly a swinging function 39 (which is out of view in Fig 1 but visible on Fig 2) which is used for swinging down the pendulum in line with feeding device opening 21 and secondly, a swinging function in the form of the cradle 28 joumalled in the gun trunmon centre. From here it can be swung down to an angle which is adjusted to gun elevation in order, in the same manner as for the shell, to be in line with the adjusted angle of its own loading pendulum 38 for direct transfer of the modular charge to the propellant charge rammer which itself is at an angle adjusted in accordance with gun elevation. The loading pendulum is fixed in cradle 28 so that it can be moved to the side along guidance beam 29 shown on Fig 2. This is so that its transverse position can also be adjusted relative to the charge module rammer 38.
When the required amount of charge modules 20 are transferred to loading pendulum 27, the conveyor is advanced by cog wheel 30 being turned one step and the charge modules 20 not included in the previous set of compartments are returned to the system. At the same time, a complete set of charge modules corresponding to the maximum charge for the gun becomes available in the feeding device opening 21 for the next loading operation. See Fig 5a-d which shows the design of loading pendulum 27 for a more detailed description of the operations concerning the charge modules 20 which are transferred to loading pendulum 27.
The transfer of the predetermined quantity of charge modules 20 to loading pendulum 27 by ejection from their compartments 15-19 by ejectors 22-26 is carried out with loading pendulum 27 in swung down vertical position in line with the feeding device opening 21.
The loading pendulum operates round main beam 31 which has a journal 32 for guide beam 29 along which the pendulum can be moved. The loading pendulum also has long side walls 33, 34 which are adapted to the external form of charge modules 20 and which are hinged-journalled and can be opened by an hydraulic piston 35 and a fixed counter support 36 arranged in the end of the loading pendulum so as to be pointed downwards when the pendulum is swung down against the magazine feeding device opening. There is a moveable compacting heel 37 inside the loading pendulum but it is partly hidden in the drawing between the fixed counter support 36 and the opposite end.
Loading pendulum 27 now operates so that when it is first swung down vertically against module feeding device opening 21 and the pendulum long sides 33, 34 are opened sufficiently for a charge modules 20 to be inserted, the correct number of charge modules 20 are moved over to the loading pendulum 27. As soon as this operation is completed, hydraulic piston 35 is activated and the loading pendulum long sides 33, 34 are closed and the charge modules are compressed into a straight column. The hydraulic piston then activates compacting heel 37 so that it projects and presses the charge modules 20 together so at the heels and flanges engage and form a unified charge which is ready for ramming. The loading pendulum is then swung up and to the side so as to be in line and above flick rammer 38 (shown in Fig 1) upon which the loading pendulum cradle 28 (which is joumalled in the gun trunnion centre) swings together with the loading pendulum
to a position corresponding to the gun elevation with the pendulum immediately above the flick rammer. The propellant charge is then inserted into the rammer when the loading pendulum sides are opened. The subsequent swinging of the flick rammer towards the barrel chamber and ramming of the propellant charge are conventional techniques which will not be dealt with further in this context.
The figures all show propellant modules (modular charges) of the connectable type. Function is, however, identical for comparable non-connectable charges with the same transfer to the loading pendulum, the same arrangement into a straight column by the sides of the loading pendulum compressing the charges, and the compacting heel pressing the charges together lengthways followed by their subsequent transfer to the rammer and ramming in the gun.