This application is a continuation-in-part of United Stat Application Serial No. 430,794, filed September 30, 1982, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference in thei entirety. Field of the Invention

This invention relates to a log debarking machine through which logs are axially inserted and restrained against rota¬ tion as their bark is removed. It also relates to a means for retrofitting existing debarking machines to accommodate greater feed speeds and logs that are uneven in thickness due to knots or other protrusions. It should be noted that this log-feeding means can apply to other log-feeding means used in the processing of logs into finished or semi-finished products. It further relates to hydraulic systems for hydrau¬ lic motors that turn the log-gripping rollers for such log debarking machines. The present invention is also concerned with the design of the feed rolls for log debarking machines and the design of the cutting tools or, more particularly, the mounting assemblies for the tools. Background of the Invention

This invention is an improvement to the hollow head log debarker disclosed in the parent application. Referring thereto, it is seen that hollow head type log debarkers gener¬ ally include a frame, a stator supported by the frame, and a rotor journaled in the stator for rotation about a longitudi¬ nal axis of the rotor. A rotating means rotates the stator about that longitudinal axis rotating a plurality of debarking tools attached to the rotor. The debarking tools cut away the layer of bark of a log which is passed through the rotor along the longitudinal axis.

The debarker also includes, generally speaking, a feed means for feeding the logs through the rotor axially along

2 the longitudinal axis. The feed means in the parent applica¬ tion includes an infeed means positioned on the infeed end of the stator and an outfeed means positioned on the outfeed end of the stator. Both the infeed and outfeed means include a plurality of log-gripping rollers spacedly positioned about the circumference of the log. A power means is operatively connected to each one of the rollers for rotating the individ¬ ual rollers at different and variable rotational speeds to accommodate logs of uneven surfaces.

In the parent application the infeed roll and a corres¬ ponding outfeed roll are connected in series via a hydraulic line. When the debarking tools get hung up on knots or other protrusions on logs, it is necessary to back the logs out. Of course, the quicker this can be done the more effi¬ cient and profitable the log debarking process is. The design of the parent application also allows for more poorly groomed logs to be debarked further increasing the machine's use¬ fulness. However, no provision is made in the teachings of the parent for effectively and quickly reversing the direction of the log without damaging the shafts. Further, that design required the use of internally "sloppy" motors which were in¬ efficient in their use of the hydraulic fluid.

In the prior art mechanical link-driven debarkers, it was known to provide individual "O" rings at the outside ends of the feed rolls to allow slippage between the outer spiked trac¬ tion surface of the feed roll and its feed roll drive shaft when the rolls were traveling at different speeds. However, dust, woodchips, and other debris would get into the lubri¬ cating means of the "0" rings thereby jamming them. Users of them would frequently just weld them shut to prevent the jamming, and thereby preventing the slippage.

Problems have also been experienced in the log debarking cutting tools and their mounting assemblies. The cutting tool load experienced as the log impacted the tools was

carried by jaws which were held in tension by bolts and these bolts could never be clamped tight enough. Also, the shock loading experienced by existing debarkers damages the debarker by breaking the feed roll shafts, spikes, and feed arm hubs. Further, the impact of the log against the outer end of the tools would damage the tools and the tool mounting assemblies. Objects of the Invention

Accordingly, it is the principal object of the present invention to provide an improved hollow head log debarking machine.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a novel log debarker with a greater feed speed.

A further object of the present invention is to provide a log debarker which accommodates logs that are not well groomed and have swelled butts, knots or other protrusions. A still further object of the present invention is to provide an improved log debarker using power means which power the individual log-gripping rollers so that they can rotate at different and varying speeds.

Another object is to provide a novel hydraulic system for feeding hydraulic fluid to each of the hydraulic motors that rotate the log-gripping rollers.

A further object is to provide a novel hydraulic circuit which does not require that the hydraulic motors have internal relief means.

A still further object is to provide a novel tool mounting assembly which reduces the amount of shock loading to each of the hydraulic motors when a log first enters the debarking machine.

Another object is to provide a novel hydraulic system which provides power control pressure to each of the feed rolls.

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A further object is to provide a means for insuring that hydraulic fluid always flows to each of the hydraulic motors.

A still further object is to provide a novel hydraulic circuit which reduces the amount of shock loading to each of the hydraulic motors.

Another object is to provide a hydraulic circuit which greatly reduces the total pressure required to turn the feed rolls and thereby reduces the amount of heat generated so that the system is more efficient.

A further object is to provide a circuit for controlling the flow of hydraulic fluid to the individual motors driving the individual feed rolls which permits an individual feed roll that encounters a knot or other log protrusion to speed up to accommodate the additional distance it must travel to traverse the protrusion.

Another object is to provide an improved hydraulic system for a log debarker which allows the direction of the feed mean to be quickly reversed when the logs are jammed in the machine because the cutting tools encounter knots, butts or other protrusions without causing damage to the feed means.

A further object is to provide a clutch mechanism posi¬ tioned between the outer spiked surface of. the feed roll and the rotating feed roll drive shaft which will not be jammed by dust, woodchips and other debris.

A still further object is to provide a novel log debarker cutting tool which reduces the amount of damage to the tool and the tool mount and the shock loading to the system when a log first impacts the cutting tools.

Other objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent to those persons having ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention pertains from the foregoing description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

5 The Drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic view of the hydraulic circuit of the preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 2 is a schematic view of a hydraulic circuit of a second embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 3 is a schematic view of a hydraulic circuit of a third embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of a feed roll con¬ struction for a log debarker illustrating one aspect of the present invention.

Figure 5 is a side elevational view of a tool mounting assembly of the present invention, illustrated in isolation.

Figure 6 is a front view of the tool mounting assembly of Figure 5.

Description of the Preferred Embodiment

Referring to Figure 1, the preferred hydraulic system powering the hydraulic motors which run the individual log- gripping feeding rollers is illustrated. Details of the log-gripping feeding rollers are found in the parent applica¬ tion. This system can be used to drive 18", 24" or 30" curren models of debarkers or any other size or make machine that may adapt to these principles through field conversions. This system can be used on newly-manufactured hydraulic feed debarkers as well. Generally, the system is shown to comprise a pumping means shown generally at 12 pumping hydraulic fluid to a 4-way control valve means shown generally at 14. A pressure relief system shown generally at 16 is provided be¬ tween the pumping means and the 4-way hydraulic valve means. The hydraulic fluid flows from the 4-way valve means to the control block shown generally at 18. Control block 18 regu¬ lates the flow of the hydraulic fluid to each of the infeed hydraulic motors shown generally at 20 and the outfeed hydrau¬ lic motors shown generally at 24.

Pumping means 12 generally includes a low-level cutoff switch 26 connected to an electric motor with a C flange 28 and with a coupling 30 which powers the pressure compen¬ sated or non-compensated variable pump 32 which pumps fluid from the tank 34 through a line 36 past the needle valve 38 and the pressure gauge 40 to a 4-way valve 14. When the pres¬ sure exceeds a set pressure, the excess hydraulic fluid is diverted through a line 42 to the adjustable relief valve 44 and then to a return oil filter 46 which dumps in tank 34. Relief valve 44 will chop off the "spikes" in the oil pres¬ sure as control valve 14 shifts. When the fluid pressure differential exceeds the rating of the element in filter 46, the check valve with spring 48 is popped open and the excess fluid flows through line 50 directly to tank 34.

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The 4-way control valve 14 is shown to be a properly-siz double solenoid valve with an open center spool and a back pressure check valve. Another embodiment could utilize a single solenoid valve, a manual three-position valve or a manual two-position valve. Similar configurations of air pilot operated or hydraulically operated valves can also be utilized. The valve can be set so that the hydraulic fluid goes through line 52 to control block 18 for powering the hydraulic motors so that they turn in a direction whereby the logs are fed into the stator or through a second line 54 whereby the hydraulic fluid flows through control block 18 into the opposite ports of each of the infeed and outfeed motors 20 and 24, thereby causing the output shafts of the motor to rotate in the opposite directions. The respective log-gripping rollers are thereby rotated in the opposite direction so that the logs are driven through the stator in the opposite direction. When one line has been selected by the setting of the 4-way valve 14, the other lines acts as a return from control block 18 to tank 34 by passing down line 56 to the return oil filter 46, as previously described, and then into tank 34. Spring-loaded check valve 57 on line 56 provides sufficient pressure within the 4-way valve to pilot the valve 14 on command.

Fluid flowing through line 58 flows to each of the hydrau lic motors through their individual pressure compensated adjustable flow control valves with check valve, each shown generally at 60. Each of these flow control valves is indi¬ vidually set so as to insure that its respective hydraulic motor 20 or 24 receives the hydraulic fluid necessary to rotat at the desired speed. After passing through the flow control valves 60a, 60b, 60c, 60d, 60e, or 60f, the fluid flows through lines 62a, 62b, 62c, 62d, 62e or 62f to the port side of its respective hydraulic motor as indicated at A. The hydraulic fluid after running the hydraulic motor passes out

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of the motor at port B and flows through lines 64a, 64b, 64c, 64d, 64e or 64f back to the opposite side of the control block and through the check valves of each of the opposing pressure compensated adjustable flow control valves as indicated at 66a, 66b, 66c, 66d, 66e and 66f. It then flows through line 68 back through the 4-way control valve to the tank. It is thus seen that the present system puts power controlled pressure to each of the six feed rolls.

When the pressure in line 58 exceeds the setting of relief valve 70, fluid then flows through the crossover adjustable pressure relief valve shown at 70 and through line 72 back to the 4-way valve and the tank. A similar crossover adjust¬ able pressure relief valve shown at 74 is provided for line 76 when the fluid is directed by the 4-way valve through line 68 to each of the pressure-compensated adjustable flow control valves 66.

Thus, it is noted that although the system of Figure 1 requires no special internally-relieved motors or a positive six-way flow divider, a specially designed pressure compensated flow system must be provided. Adjustment Procedures for the Preferred Embodiment

The adjustment procedures required to receive proper performance from the pressure-compensated flow control of • the hydraulic system of Figure 1 on existing machines on which this type of control conversion is installed and on new hydrau¬ lic feed debarkers are as follows:

1. Plug both "A" and "B" ports on control valve 14, or cause flow to be prohibited to lines 52 and 54.

2. Adjust the volume control of the pump 32 so that full volume is reached.

3. Adjust the compensator screw to reduce pressure to its minimum level.

4. Check motor 28 for rotation and start the motor.

5. Open needle valve 38 so that gauge 40 can be read.

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6. Adjust the pressure compensator on pump 32 until the pressure level exceeds the maximum operating pressure by about 300 - 500 PSI.

7. Set relief 44 so that it relieves at this setting pressure or above.

8. Reset the compensator screw at pump 32 down to the desired compensator pressure, typically 2400. PSI.

9. Shut motor 28 off and remove the plugs from ports "A" and B" and reconnect the hoses, or provide means for permitting flow to lines 52 and/or 54.

10. Start motor 28 and shift valve 14 into forward speed that is, to the appropriate ports of the infeed and the out¬ feed motors through line 52.

11. Adjust the rp of the first feed roll in forward speed by utilizing the adjusting mechanism of the pressure- compensated flow control valve 60 in control block 18. Follow the same procedure until all six (3 infeed and 3 outfeed) feed rolls speeds are set. This rpm should be slightly higher than is required.

12. Reverse valve 14 so that oil will flow through line 54 through pressure-compensated flow control 66 of the con¬ trol block 18. Follow the procedure set forth previously to set machine feed rolls in reverse on all six (3 infeed and 3 outfeed) machine feed rolls. The outfeed speed is not to exceed the infeed speed.

13. The crossover relief valves 70 and 74 in control block 18 are typically preset at the factory but should have an adjustment screw available should changes be required in the field.

14. After all six (3 infeed and 3 outfeed) machine feed rolls have been set in both forward and reverse, one of the critical stages for setting the pressure of compensated feed control system is reached. One must return to the hydrau lic pump 32 and look at gauge 40; the reading should be of the

full compensated pressure, which, it is noted, is not the desired pressure for operation. To achieve the desired sys¬ tem pressure, the volume control lever is moved (reducing flow until the pressure drops off sharply; the volume control device is moved further so that it reduces flow until the pressure on the gauge becomes stationary. This reading is the no-load pressure reading. This flow from the pump 32 is below the accumulated flow settings of the feed motors. Typi¬ cally, this will be approximately 90% of the total accumulated flow settings of the PCFC valves. With all of the rolls in contact with a log, the synchronized speeds of the feed rolls will represent the feed speed of the machine.

15. All controls are then locked in this position, and the system of Figure 1 is ready to operate. Operation of the Preferred Embodiment

Assuming that each of the six valves is set to take three gallons per minute, and the pump is set to pump only seventeen gallons per minute, the operation of the preferred embodiment is explained below. If all six feed rolls are on a smooth log, then each generally requires an equal volume of fluid. Although each is set to take a maximum of three gallons per minute, only seventeen gallons is available so each will theoretically use seventeen/sixths or two and five- sixths gallons. When one encounters a knot or other deformity on the log, the feed roll contacting the knot will have to travel a greater distance. Since the rolls are spiked and thus do not slip relative to the log and since the rolls do not generally move relative to one another with respect to a plane perpendicular to the axis of the log, that feed roll will have to speed up relative to the other feed rolls. The setting on the flow control permits it to take more oil (up to three gallons per minute) . It should be noted though that when that feed roll does get more oil it means that there will be less oil for the remaining five feed roll motors.

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11 Thus, the log will slow down slightly, but this reduction in speed would not be readily perceptive to the eye. Thus, when one roll encounters a knot, the motors driving the other rolls try to cavitate the motor driving that roll, but there is no σavitation since each orifice flow control is set so that it can accommodate more oil than it is consuming.

Prior to a log entering the debarker, each of the motors is trying to run its full three gallons per minute but it cannot since only seventeen and not eighteen gallons are being supplied. When a log with an uneven end is fed int the debarker and one feed roll contacts the log end before the others, a work load is presented to that roll but not yet to the others. The oil would rather flow to the other five rolls — the path of least resistance — and it will but each is limited to three gallons. The two-gallon excess (seventee minus fifteen) must then go through that one roll. The pres¬ sure will then rise to the extent necessary to rotate that roll on to the log, for example, 1,000, 1,500 or 2,000 PSI. However, if it reaches a certain point, 2,400 PSI, for exampl then the motor will stall. Assuming the stalling pressure has not been reached, that roll will cause the log to move further towards the debarker until the other rolls come into contact with the log. When the total load is being carried b all of the motors, the pressure accordingly drops down to loa pressure.

It is thus seen that there are three principal advantage inherent in the present hydraulic system over that of the par ent application. They are that (1) more efficient motors can be used; (2) a significantly lower pressure is required to ad vance the log through the machine and only the pressure requi is provided as needed; and (3) it is possible to get instant control in reverse. A Second Embodiment

Referring to Figure 2, a second embodiment of the presen invention is shown. Generally, it includes a similar pumping

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and pressure relief system as in Figure 1, including pump 84 which pumps fluid through control valve 90 and then through line 91 to a six-way flow divider means shown generally at 92. Suitable gauge 94, pressure relief control valve 95, and oil filter 96 with check valve 97 similar to that of Figure 1 are also provided. The fluid then flows through lines 100a, 100b, and 100c to the outfeed motors 102a, 102b, and 102c, respectively, and through-lines 104a, 104b and 104σ to the infeed motors 106a, 106b and 106c, respectively. After the fluid passes through the motors causing them to turn the feed rolls, it flows through line 108 through valve 90 then through filter 96 and to tank 109.

Six-way flow divider means 92 comprises three systems shown generally at 110a, 110b and 110c. Inasmuch as they are all integral and identical, only one portion (110a) will be described in detail. System 110a is understood to comprise two parallel hydraulic positive displacement flow dividers 116a and 116b. Flow divider compartments 116a, 116b, 116c, 116d, 116e and 116f are sized so that all will produce the same output volume. Flow divider compartment 116a feeds fluid through line 100a to its outfeed motor 102a and 116b feeds fluid through line 104a to its infeed motor 106a. Lines 100a and 104a both pass through a pressure relief control valve assembly shown at 124a, relief valves 125a and 127a in valve assembly 124a serve to relieve excess pressure in lines 100a and 104a respectively. Flow from these valves flows through lines 126a and 128a then through line 108, valve 90 and ulti¬ mately to tank 109. A Third Embodiment

Referring to Figure 3, a third embodiment of the present invention is shown. Generally, it includes the same pumping and pressure relief systems as in Figure 2, including pump 130, tank 132, needle-valve and pressure gauge 134, control valve 136, adjustable relief valve 138, and return oil filter

13 with spring-loaded check valve 140. Fluid flows from valve 136 through line 142 to an oil splitting device 144 which divides the fluid equally to lines 146 and 148. Line 146 the flows to a three-way flow divider shown generally at 150 to the infeed motors 151a, 151b and 151c and line 148 to a three way flow divider shown generally at 150 to the infeed motors 151a, 151b and 151c and line 148 to a three-way flow divider shown generally at 152 and then to the outfeed motors 153a, 153b and 153c. Three-way flow divider 150 includes three pos tive displacement flow divider compartments with internal relief, 154a, 154b and 154c, each connected in series to its feed roll motor. Three-way positive displacement type divider compartments with internal relief 152 include 155a, 155b and 155c, each connected in series to its feed roll moto As is shown in the top portion of Figure 3, the fluid from each of the infeed motors passes through line 160 to oil splitting device 162 and similarly from the outfeed motors through line 164 to oil splitting device 162. The fluid then travels through line 166 to the four-way control valve and then to tank. Another embodiment could eliminate the need of splitting device 162. Feed Roll Construction

The novel feed roll construction of the present inven¬ tion is illustrated generally at 170 in Figure 4. It is seen to comprise a drive shaft 172 driven by a motor (not shown). Cylindrical spiked roll 174 is positioned about drive shaft 172 and is held in place by inner end plate 176 and outer end plate 178. Inner end plate 176 is secured to spiked roll 174 by bolts 180 and 182 and outer end plate 178 is similarly secured by bolts 184 and 186. Drive shaft 172 is positioned through openings in the inner and outer end plates and a suitable gasket 188 is positioned at the inner end plate and a bronze gasket 190 with suitable grease fitting 192 at the outer end plate are used to insure air tightness.

Additional gaskets 194, 196, 198 and 200 are provided adjacent bolts 180, 182, 184 and 186, respectively, as well.

The clutch mechanism shown generally at 204 is positioned in the interior of this air-tight container formed by inner end plate 176, outer end plate 178, and spiked roll 174. The clutch mechanism is thus effectively sealed from woodchips, wood dust, dirt and other contaminants which have damaged prior mechanisms. Clutch mechanism 204 is shown to comprise a disc plate 206 welded to the inner surface of spiked roll 174. Disc plate 206 has a hole through which drive shaft 172 passes. Housing 208 is fixed to a splined portion of drive shaft 172 via bolts 210 and 212 and collar 214, which is mounted to the drive shaft. Parallel disc plates 216 and 218 mounted to housing 208 are positioned directly adjacent and on opposite sides of disc plate 206. A suitable adjustable pressure control shown generally at 220 and 222 is used to insure that under normal operating condi¬ tions disc plate 206 is firmly held between disc plates 216 and 218 so that spiked roll 174 rotates with drive shaft 172. However, when a certain resistance to rotation of spiked roll 174 is encountered, pressure control 220 and 222 allows for a certain slippage between disc plate 206 and disc plates 216 and 218 and thus between spiked roll 174 and drive shaft 172. Thus, the breaking of the drive shaft or other components pre¬ viously experienced when the spiked roll was caught on a log is prevented. Cutting Tool Mounting Assembly

Referring to Figures 5 and 6, the tool mounting assembly is generally illustrated at 230. It includes a tool shaft 232 having a tool shaft head 234. An insert 236 is slotted into shaft head 234 into which the debarking tool is positioned. Debarking tool shown generally at 238 has a curved cutting portion 240, a head plate 242, and a key portion 244. Key

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15 portion 244 is fitted into insert 236 and the back side of head plate 242 is positioned against the outer surface 246 of shaft head 234. Four studs 248, 250, 252 and 254 are bolted through openings in head plate 242 and into tool shaft head 234 securing debarking tool 238 to tool shaft 232. Set screws such as shown at 256 and 258 in Figure 5, can be provided to lock the studs in place. The load against the tool is there¬ by carried in the key portion. As best shown in Figure 5, outer surface 246 is machined to give a five-degree recess and the tool being generally straight and positioned flush against the outer surface will then be sloped five degrees relative to the tool shaft.

Extension washer 260 is positioned between bearing 262 and shaft head 234 on generally half of the tool mounting assemblies used in a debarker so that half of the tools extend a slight distance farther toward the incoming log than the remaining tools. Since fewer tools initially are rammed against by the log the shock loading to the system is reduced.

Also, in the past, the tools were generally mounted in a plane perpendicular to the incoming log so that the log would typically initially contact the end of the tool. Inas¬ much as this created a long moment arm — from the outer end of the tool to the tool shaft — the tool assemblies fre¬ quently broke. As previously discussed, the present invention mounts the cutting tools at an angle, e.g., five degrees, angling in the direction of log travel. Thus, the log initial ly contacts the tool at a location on the tool closer to the tool shaft than if the tool were mounted perpendicular as was done in the past. The moment arm is accordingly reduced and the likelihood that the tool breaks is reduced markedly. From the foregoing detailed description, it will be evident that there are a number of changes, adaptations, and modifications of the present invention which come within the province of those persons having ordinary skill in the

art to which the aforementioned invention pertains. However, it is intended that all such variations not departing from the spirit of the invention be considered as within the scope thereof as limited solely by the appended claims.