17a-HYD OXYLASE/C ₁₇₎₂₀ -LYASE INHIBITORS

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to aryl and heteroaryl fused pyridinone, pyridine, pyrrol idinone, and pyrrolidine derivatives and their use for the treatment of various disease conditions mediated by the regulation of 17a-hydroxylase/Cn _j2 o-lyase.

BACKGROUND

The number of people diagnosed with cancer world wide has significantly increased and continues to rise at an alarming rate. Cancer is characterized by an increase in the number of abnormal cells derived from a given normal tissue, invasion of adjacent tissues by these abnormal cells, or lymphatic or blood-borne spread of malignant cells to regional lymph nodes and to distant sites (i.e., metastasis).

Of special interest are individuals diagnosed with androgen-dependent disorders, such as prostate cancer, and estrogen-dependent disorders, such as breast, uterine, and ovarian cancer.

Prostate cancer is currently the most common non-skin cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related death in men after lung cancer. The primary course of treatment for patients diagnosed with organ-confined prostate cancer is usually prostatectomy or radiotherapy. These treatments for prostate and breast cancer are highly invasive and characterized by undesirable and serious side effects.

Furthermore, a large percent of individuals who receive localized treatments such as surgery or radiotherapy may suffer from recurring cancer and widespread metastases. As with surgery and radiation therapies, there are several drawbacks to chemotherapy, including the fact that almost all chemotherapeutic agents are toxic, and

chemotherapy causes significant, and often dangerous, side effects, such as severe nausea, bone marrow depression, and immunosuppression. Additionally, many tumor cells are resistant or become resistant to chemotherapeutic agents through multi-drug resistance.

Treatments such as hormone therapy are another option for individuals diagnosed with hormone-dependent, hormone-responsive, or hormone-sensitive cancers, such as prostate or breast cancer. However, some individuals who have been administered current hormone therapy treatments may not show a significant response to such treatments and some may suffer from relapsing of cancer. Currently chemo-refractory and hormone-refractory cancer patients are left with very few treatment options and there remains an unmet need for more effective ways to treat cancer such as, but not limited to, prostate cancer and breast cancer.

The demonstration by Huggins and Hodges C.V. , ( Cancer Res., 1941, 1, 293 ) and Huggins et al in Arch. Surg., 1941, 43, 209 lead to androgen ablation being considered as a possible approach to treatment. It has been demonstrated that testosterone levels are reduced by orchidectomy or by administration of GnRH analogs (gonadotropic releasing hormones). GnRH analogs can have side effects such as cardiovascular degeneration and osteoporosis, which are the two most potentially serious conditions induced by the continuous presence of GnRH . Moreover these treatment options only eliminate testosterone production from the testes and not that produced by the adrenal.

In the adrenal glands, the biosynthetic cascade also leads to the formation of gluco- and mineralcorticoids.

Since androgen and estrogen are hormones having various physiological activities such as differentiation and proliferation of cells and the like, it was thought that potent and specific compounds that inhibit androgen synthesis in the testes, adrenals, and other tissue may be more effective for the treatment of PCa (Njar, V. C. O.; Brodie, A. M. H., "Inhibitors of 17a-hydroxylase-Ci _{7 2} o-lyase (CYP17): Potential agents for the treatment of prostate cancer", Current Pharm. Design, 1999, 5: 163- 180).

In order to avoid unwanted side effects, androgen biosnthesis inhibitors have to be specific enough not to influence corticosteroid biosynthesis. A promising novel strategy for the treatment of prostrate cancer is the development of strong and selective inhibitors of CYP 17 as this would result in complete and excusive elimination of androgen biosynthesis as suggested in Current Medicinal Chemistry, 2005,72, 1623-1629.

Steroid-type compounds and non-steroid-type compounds are already known as steroid Cn^o-lyase inhibitors. The steroid-type compounds are disclosed in, for example, WO 92/15404, WO 93/20097, EP-A 288053, EP-A 413270 and the like. As non-steroid-type compounds, for example, in W094/27989, WO96/14090 and WO97/00257 azole derivatives are described in WO95/09157 lH-benzimidazole derivatives are described in US 5.491,161. dihydronaphthalene derivatives are described in in W099/18075, and naphthalene derivatives are shown in

WO99/54309.

A variety of potent steroidal and non-steroidal inhibitors of CYP17 have been reported and some have been shown to be potent inhibitors of testosterone production in rodent models (Njar and Brodie, above). Jarman and colleagues have described the hormonal impact of their most potent CYP17 inhibitor, abiraterone in patients with prostate cancer (O'Donnell et al., "Hormonal impact of the 17a-hydroxylase/Cl 7,20- lyase inhibitors abiraterone acetate (CB7630) in patients with prostate cancer", Br. J. Cancer, 2004, 90: 2317-2325). Abiraterone has been discussed in patents such as WO 200900132, WO 2008024485, WO 2006021776, WO 09509178, WO 09320097 Non-steroidal small molecule inhibitors have been described for example in BMC 2004,12,(4313), YM116, 2-(lH-imidazol-4-ylmethyl) -9H-carbazole, and their effects in decreasing adrenal androgen synthesis by inhibiting CI 7-20 lyase activity in NCI-H295 human adrenocortical carcinoma cells has_been described by Ideyama Y, Kudoh M, Tanimoto K, Susaki Y, Nanya T, Nakahara T, Ishikawa H, Fujikura T, Akaza H, Shikama H in 2(213-20)". Novel nonsteroidal inhibitor of cytochrome P450 (17 alpha-hydroxylase/C 17-20 lyase), YM116, and its role in decreased prostatic weights by reducing the serum concentrations of testosterone and adrenal androgens in rats has been reported by Ideyama Y, Kudoh M, Tanimoto K, Susaki Y, Nanya T, Nakahara T, Ishikawa H, Yoden T, Okada M, Fujikura T, Shikama H

Proc.Am.Assoc.Cancer Res. 998^9:^9 Meet.(384)

Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel non-steroidal inhibitors of steroid 17,20 lyase has been described by - Yoden T, Okada M, Kawaminami E, Kinoyama I, Ideyama Y, Isomura Y in Abstr.Pap.Am.Chem.Soc.,\ 99T,2 B Meet.:Pt. 2(MEDI206) Further illustrative of the background of the invention are patent applications such as US20080280864A1 or W028154382A1.

SUMMARY

The present invention provides compounds of formula (I) which have been shown to be inhibitors of

(I)

wherein:

ring A is phenyl, naphthyl, or a 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl containing 1 to 3 heteroatoms each independently selected from N, O or S and optionally fused to a phenyl or a 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl containing 1 to 3 heteroaroms each independently selected from N, O or S;

n is 0, 1, 2, or 3;

R ¹ is halo, (C _r C ₄ )alkyl, halo-substituted (C _r C ₄ )alkyl, -OH, CN, -NR ^la R ^lb , - 0-R ^,c , or phenyl optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents selected from halo, (Ci-C ₄ )alkyl, or halo-substituted (Ci-C ₄ )alkyl, where R ^la is H or (C,-C )alkyl, R ^lb is (Ci-C ₄ )alkyl, -C(0)-(C _r C ₄ )alkyl, -C(0)-(C3-C ₆ )cycloalkyl, phenyl, or -CH ₂ -(C ₃ - C ₆ )cycloalkyl, and R ^,c is (Ci-C ₄ )alkyl, halo-substituted (C,-C )alkyl, -CH ₂ -(C ₃ - C ₆ )cycloalkyl, or 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl containing 1 to 3 heteroatoms selected from O, N or S and optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents selected from halo, (C _r C ₄ )alkyl, or halo-substituted (C _r C ₄ )alkyl;

R ² , R ³ , R ⁴ , and R ⁵ are each independently H or (C _r C )alkyl, or R ² or R ³ taken together with R ⁴ or R ⁵ forms a double bond or a cyclopropyl;

R ⁶ is quinolin-3-yl, pyridin-3-yl or lH-imidazol-5-yl optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents each independently selected from halo, -OH, -CN, (d- C ₄ )alkyl, halo-substituted(C _r C ₄ )alkyl, hydroxy-substituted (C _r C ₄ )alkyl, (C ₃ -

C ₅ )cycloalkyl, where said cycloalkyl is optionally substituted with hydroxy, -NH ₂ , - NH(Ci-C ₄ )alkyl, -N((C,-C ₄ )alkyl) ₂ , -NHC(0)-(C,-C ₄ )alkyl, -C(0)NH ₂ , -C(O)- NH(C _r C ₄ )alkyl, -C(0)-N((C ₁ -C ₄ )alkyl) _2j -C(0)-0(C _r C ₄ )alkyl, -(CH ₂ ) _r -0(C _r C ₄ )alkyl, -(CH ₂ ) _r -CH(0(C,-C ₄ )alkyl) ₂ ,

-(CH ₂ ) _r -NH-(C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkyl, or pyrrolidin 1 -yl-(CH ₂ ) _r -, where r is 0, 1 or 2;

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Another embodiment of a compound of Formula (I) is provided wherein ring A is phenyl, naphthyl, or a 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl containing 1 to 3 heteroatoms each independently selected from N, O or S and optionally fused to a phenyl or a 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl containing 1 to 3 heteroaroms each independently selected

n is 1, 2, or 3;

R ¹ is halo, (d-C ₄ )alkyl, halo-substituted (C _t -C ₄ )alkyl, -OH, CN, -NR ^la R ^lb , - 0-R ^Ic , or phenyl optionally substituted with I to 3 substituents selected from halo, (Ci-C ₄ )alkyl, or halo-substituted (C,-C ₄ )alkyl, where R ^la is H or (d-C ₄ )alkyl, R ^lb is (C,-C ₄ )alkyl, -C(0)-(Ci-C ₄ )alkyl, -C(0)-(C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkyl, phenyl, or -CH ₂ -(C ₃ - C ₆ )cycloalkyl, and R ^lc is (C|-C ₄ )alkyl, -CH ₂ -(C3-C6)cycloalkyl, or 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl containing 1 to 3 heteroatoms selected from O, N or S and optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents selected from halo, (Ci-C ₄ )alkyl, or halo- substituted (C _r C ₄ )alkyl;

R ² , R ³ , R ⁴ , and R ⁵ are each independently H or (Ci-C ₄ )alkyl, or R ² or R ³ taken together with R ⁴ or R ⁵ forms a double bond;

R ⁶ is quinolin-3-yl or pyridin-3-yl optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents each independently selected from halo, -OH, -CN, (C _r C )alkyl, halo- substituted(C ₁ -C ₄ )alkyl, hydroxy-substituted (Ci-C ₄ )alkyl, -NH ₂ , -NH(C _t -C ₄ )alkyl, - N((Ci-C ₄ )alkyl) ₂ , -NHC(0)-(d-C ₄ )alkyl, -C(0)NH ₂ , -C(0)-NH(C,-C ₄ )alkyl, -C(O)- N((d-C ₄ )alkyl) ₂ , -C(0)-0(Ci-C ₄ )alkyl, -(CH ₂ ) _r -0(Ci-C ₄ )alkyl, -(CH ₂ ) _r CH(0(d- C ₄ )alkyl) ₂ ,

where r is 0, 1 or 2; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

In one particular embodiment of Formula (I), R ⁶ is pyridin-3-yl optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents each independently selected from halo, -OH, -CN, (Ci-C ₄ )alkyl, halo-substituted(C ₁ -C ₄ )alkyl, hydroxy-substituted (Ci-C ₄ )alkyl, (C ₃ - C ₅ )cycloalkyl, where said cycloalkyl is optionally substituted with hydroxy, -(CH ₂ ) _r - 0(Ci-C ₄ )alkyl, -(CH ₂ ) _r -CH(0(C ₁ -C ₄ )alkyl) ₂₎ -NH ₂ , -NH(C,-C ₄ )alkyl, -N((Ci- C ₄ )alkyl) ₂ , -NHC(0)-(Ci-C ₄ )alkyl, -C(0)NH ₂ , -C(0)-NH(C,-C ₄ )alkyl, -C(0)-N((C,- C ₄ )alkyl) ₂ , or -C(0)-0(Ci-C )alkyl; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

In another particular embodiment of Formula (I), R ⁶ is pyridin-3-yl optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents each independently selected from halo, -OH, -CN, (C[-C ₄ )alkyl, halo-substituted(Ci-C ₄ )alkyl, hydroxy-substituted (Ci-C ₄ )alkyl, -(CH ₂ ) _r -0(Ci-C ₄ )alkyl, -(CH ₂ ) _r -CH(0(Ci-C ₄ )alkyl) ₂ , -NH ₂ , -NH(C]-C ₄ )alkyl, -N((Cj- C ₄ )alkyl) ₂ , -NHC(0)-(C|-C ₄ )alkyl, -C(0)NH ₂ , -C(0)-NH(C _r C ₄ )alkyl, -C(0)-N((C,- C ₄ )alkyl) ₂ , or -C(0)-0(C _r C ₄ )alkyl; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

More preferably, R ⁶ is grou of Formula (6)

(6)

where R ^a is H; R is H, halo, methyl, trifluoromethyl, methoxy, or -C(0)OCH ₃ ; and R ^6c is halo, -CN, methyl, ethyl, methoxy, hydroxymethyl, 1-hydroxyethyl, 2- hydroxypropan-2-yl, cyclopropyl, where said cyclopropyl is optionally substituted with hydroxy, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, dimethoxymethyl, -NH ₂ , or - NHC(0)CH ₃ . Preferably, R ^6a is H; R ⁶ is H; and ⁶⁰ is methyl or cyclopropyl.

In one particular embodiment, R ⁶ is a group of Formula (6) where R ⁶ is H; R ^6b is H, halo, methyl, trifluoromethyl, methoxy, or -C(0)OCH ₃ ; and R ^6c is halo, - CN, methyl, ethyl, methoxy, hydroxymethyl, 1-hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxypropan-2-yl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, dimethoxymethyl, cyclopropyl, where said cyclopropyl is optionally substituted with hydroxy, -NH ₂ , or -NHC(0)CH ₃ ; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Alternatively, R ⁶ is a group of Formula (6) where R ^6a is H; R ^6b is H, halo, methyl, trifluoromethyl, methoxy, or -C(0)OCH ₃ ; and R ^6c is halo, -CN, methyl, ethyl, methoxy, hydroxymethyl, 1-hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxypropan-2-yl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, dimethoxymethyl, -N¾, or -NHC(0)CH ₃ ; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Preferably, R ^6a is H; R ^6b is H; and R ^6c is methyl or cyclopropyl. In one particular embodiment, R ^6c is methyl. In another particular embodiment, R ^6c is cyclopropyl.

In one particular embodiment of any one of the embodiments described above, ring A is a phenyl or naphthyl; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Preferred compounds of Formula (I) where ring A is a phenyl or naphthyl, include 7-Chloro-2-pyridin-3-yl-3,4-dihydro-2H-isoquinolin-l-one; 7-Chloro-2-(4- methyl-pyridin-3-yl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-isoquinolin-l-one; 2-(4-Methyl-pyridin-3-yl)-7- trifluoromethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-isoquinolin- 1 -one; 2-(4-Methyl-pyridin-3-yl)-3,4- dihydro-2H-benzo[h]isoquinolin-l-one; 6- ethoxy-2-(4-methyl-pyridin-3-yl)-3,4- dihydro-2H-isoquinolin- 1 -one; 6-Hydroxy-2-(4-methyl-pyridin-3-yl)-3,4-dihydro- 2H-isoquinolin-l-one; 2-Pyridin-3-yl-7-trifluoromethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-isoquinolin- 1 -one; 2-(4-Methyl-pyridin-3-yl)-6-trifluoromethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-i soquinolin- 1 - one; 7-Trifluoromethyl-3,4-dihydro-[2,4']biisoquinolinyl-l-one; 7-Trifluoromethyl-2- (4-trifluoromethyl-pyridin-3-yl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-isoquinolin- l-one; 7-Methoxy-2-(4- methyl-pyridin-3-yl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-isoquinolin- 1 -one; 7-Hydroxy-2-(4-methyl- pyridm-3-yl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-isoquinolin-l-one; 7-Chloro-8-fluoro-2-(4- methylpyridin-3-yl)-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-l(2H)-one; 8-Chloro-7-fluoro-2-(4- methylpyridin-3-yl)-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin- 1 (2H)-one; 2-(Pyridin-3-yl)-7- (trifluoromethyl)isoquinolin- 1 (2H)-one; 3 -Methyl-2-(pyridin-3 -yl)-7- (trifluoromethyl)-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-l(2H)-one; 8-Fluoro-2-(4-methyl-pyridin-3- yl)-7-trifluoromethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-isoquinolin-l-one; 3-Methyl-2-(4-methyl- pyridin-3-yl)-7-trifluoromethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-isoquinolin-l -one; 6,7-Difluoro-2-(4- methylpyridin-3-yl)-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin- 1 (2H)-one; 2-(4-Methylpyridin-3-yl)-7- (trifluoromethoxy)-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-l(2H)-one; 2-(4-((Cyclopropylamino) methyl)pyridin-3-yl)-7-(trifluoromethyl)-3,4-dihydroisoquino lin-l(2H)-one; 2-(l- Methyl-lH-imidazol-5-yl)-7-(trifluoromethyl)-3,4-dihydroisoq uinolin-l(2H)-one; 6,7-Dichloro-2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-3,4-dihydro isoquinolin-l(2H)-one; 2-(4-Cyclopropylpyridin-3-yl)-7-(trifluoromethyl)-3,4-dihydr oisoquinolin-l (2H)-one; 7-Chloro-2-(4-cyclopropy lpyridin-3-yl) -3,4- dihydroisoqui nolin- 1 (2H)-one; 7-Chloro- 2-(4-ethylpyridin-3-yl)-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin- 1 (2H)-one; 6-Fluoro-7-iodo-2-(4- (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin- 1 (2H)-one; 7-Chloro-2-(4- cyclopropylpyridin-3-yl)-6-fluoro-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-l(2 H)-one; 7-Chloro-6- fluoro-2-(4-methylpyridin-3-yl)-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin- 1 (2H)-one; 6-Chloro-7-

(trifluoromethyl)-2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-3,4 -dihydroisoquinolin-l(2H)- one; 7-Chloro-6-methoxy-2-(4-methylpyridin-3-yl)-3,4-dihydroisoqu inolin- 1 (2H)- one; 7-Chloro-2-(4-methylpyridin-3-yl)-l-oxo-l,2,3,4-tetrahydrois oquinoline-6- carbonitrile; 7-Chloro-2-(4-cyclopropylpyridin-3-yl)-6-methoxy-3,4- dihydroisoquinolin-l(2H)-one; and 7-Chloro-2-(4-cyclopropylpyridin-3-yl)-l-oxo- l,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-6-carbonitrile; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

In another particular embodiment of any one of the embodiments described above, a compound of Formula (I) is provided where ring A is 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl containing 1 to 3 heteroatoms each independently selected from N, O or S and optionally fused to a phenyl or a 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl containing 1 to 3 heteroaroms each independently selected from N, O or S; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Preferred compounds of Formula (I) where ring A is a heteoaryl include 2-(4-

Methyl-pyridin-3-yl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[4,5]thieno[3,2- c]pyridin-l-one; 1-Ethyl- 6-(4-methyl-pyridin-3-yl)-l,4,5,6-tetrahydro-pyrrolo[2,3-c]p yridin-7-one; 9-Ethyl-2- (4-methylpyridin-3-yl)-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-l H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol- 1 -one; 9-Ethyl-3- methyl-2-(pyridin-3-yl)-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro- 1 H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol- 1 -one; 9-Ethyl-3- methyl-2-(4-methyl-pyridin-3-yl)-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-b-carbol in-l-one; 2-(4- Methylpyridin-3-yl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[4,5]thieno[3,2-c]py ridine-l-one; 8- Fluoro-2-(4-methylpyridine-3-yl)3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[4,5]thi eno[3,2-c]pyridin-l- one; 5-Ethyl-8-fluoro-2-(4-methyl pyridin-3-yl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro- 1 H-pyrido[4,3- b]indol-l-one; 8-Fluoro-2-(4-methylpyridin-3-yl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-pyri do[4,3- b]indol-l-one; 2-(4-Methyl pyridin-3-yl)-2,5-dihydro-lH-pyrido[4,3-b]indol-l-one; 8-(4-Methylpyridin-3-yl)-7,8-dihydrothiazolo[4,5-h]isoquinol in-9(6H)-one; 7-(4- Methyl pyridin-3-yl)-6,7-dihydro-lH-pyrazolo[4,3-g]isoquinolin-8(5H )-one; and 2- (4-Cyclopropylpyridin-3-yl)-3,4-dihydrobenzo[4,5]thieno[3,2- c]pyridin-l(2H)-one; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

In another aspect of the present invention, a compound of Formula (II) is provided.

wherein:

ring A is phenyl, naphthyl, or a 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl containing 1 to 3 heteroatoms each independently selected from N, O or S and optionally fused to a phenyl or a 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl containing 1 to 3 heteroaroms each independently selected from N, O or S;

n is 0, 1, 2, or 3;

R ¹ is halo, (C,-C ₄ )alkyl, halo-substituted (C ₁ -C ₄ )alkyl, -OH, CN, -NR ^la R ^lb , - 0-R ^lc , or phenyl optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents selected from halo, (C _r C ₄ )alkyl, or halo-substituted (d-C^alkyl, where R ^la is H or (C _r C ₄ )alkyl, R ^lb is (C,-C ₄ )alkyl, -C(0)-(C _! -C ₄ )alkyl, -C(0)-(C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkyl, phenyl, or -CH ₂ -(C ₃ - C ₆ )cycloalkyl, and R ^lc is (Ci-C ₄ )alkyl, halo-substituted (Ci-C ₄ )alkyl, -CH ₂ -(C ₃ - C ₆ )cycloalkyl, or 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl containing 1 to 3 heteroatoms selected from O, N or S and optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents selected from halo, (d-C ₄ )alkyl, or halo-substituted (d-C ₄ )alkyl;

R ² , R ³ , R ⁴ , and R ⁵ are each independently H or (C _r C ₄ )alkyl, or R ² or R ³ taken together with R ⁴ or R ⁵ forms a double bond or a cyclopropyl;

R ^6a is H;

R ^6b is H; and

R ^6c is a deuterium-substituted (Ci-C ₄ )alkyl or deuterium-substituted cyclopropyl; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

In a preferred embodiment, a compound of Formula (II) is provided where R ^6c is d ₃ -methyl; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Preferably, R ² , R ³ , R ⁴ , and R ⁵ are each independently H or methyl. More preferably, R ² , R ³ , R ⁴ , and R ⁵ are each H.

In yet another aspect of the present invention a pharmaceutical composition is provided which comprises a compound of Formula (I) (inlcuding compounds of Formulae (I-A), (I-B), (I-C), (I-D) and (I-E) described herein below) or Formula (II), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient. The pharmaceutical composition optionally comprises at least one additional pharmaceutical agent (suitable pharmaceutical agents are described herein below).

In yet another aspect of the present invention, a method of treating a disease, disorder, or syndrome mediated by Cypl7 inhibition is provided, where the method comprises administering to a subject in need of such treatment a Compound of Formula (I) (including compounds of Formulae (I-A), (I-B), (I-C), (I-D) and (I-E)) or Formula (II), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising the Compound of Formula (I) (including compounds of Formulae (I-A), (I-B), (I-C), (I-D) and (I-E)) or Formula (II), or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient.

Alternatively, the method for treating a disease, disorder or syndrome mediated by Cypl7 inhibition may include a combination therapy which comprises the step(s) of administering

(i) a first composition comprising a compound of Claim 1 through 12, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient; and

(ii) a second composition comprising at least one additional pharmaceutical agent and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient;

wherein said at least one additional pharmaceutical agent is an anticancer agent, chemotherapy agent, or antiproliferative compound.

The first composition and the second composition may be administered simultaneously or sequentially in any order.

Preferably, the disease, disorder, or syndrome is hyperproliferative in a subject, wherein said subject is an animal including humans, and is selected from the group consisting of cancer and inflammation.

Another aspect of the present invention includes a Compound of Formula (I) (including compounds of Formulae (I-A), (I-B), (I-C), (I-D) and (I-E)) or Formula (II) for use in therapy (e.g., the use of a Compound of Formula (I) for the treatment of a disease, disorder, or syndrome mediated by Cypl7 inhibition).

Definitions

As used herein, the terms "alkyl" refers to a hydrocarbon radical of the general formula C η¾ _η +ι· The alkane radical may be straight or branched. For example, the term "(C|-C6)alkyl" refers to a monovalent, straight, or branched aliphatic group containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms (e.g., methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, i- butyl, s-butyl, t-butyl, n-pentyl, 1-methylbutyl, 2-methylbutyl, 3-methylbutyl, neopentyl, 3,3-dimethylpropyl, hexyl, 2-methylpentyl, and the like). Similarly, the alkyl portion (i.e., alkyl moiety) of an alkoxy, acyl (e.g., alkanoyl), alkylamino, dialkylamino, and alkylthio group have the same definition as above.

"Halo-substituted alkyl" refers to an alkyl group, as defined above, substituted with at least one halogen atom. For example, when the halogen atom is fluoro, common haloalkyl groups include fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 2,2,2, 1,1-pentafluoroethyl, and the like. Mixed halogen substitution are also included (e.g., chlorofluoromethyl).

"Deuterium-substituted alkyl" refers to an alkyl group, as defined above, substituted with at least one deuterium atom ("D"). For example, a deuterium- substituted methyl would be represented by -CH ₂ D (also referred to as "dimethyl"), - CHD ₂ (also referred to as "d ₂ -methyl") or -CD (also referred to as "d3-methyl")

The term "alkenyl" refers to a monovalent group derived from a hydrocarbon having at least one carbon-carbon double bond. The term "C ₂ -C6-alkenyl" refers to a monovalent group derived from a hydrocarbon having two to six carbon atoms and comprising at least one carbon-carbon double bond. The alkenyl group can be unbranched or branched. Representative examples of alkenyl include vinyl, 1 - propenyl, 2-propenyl, 1 -methyl- 1-propenyl, l-methyl-2-propenyl, 2-methyl-l- propenyl, 2-methyl-2-propenyl, 1-butenyl, 2-butenyl, 3-butenyl, and so on.

The term "alkynyl" refers to a monovalent group derived from a hydrocarbon having at least one carbon-carbon triple bond. The term "C ₂ -C ₆ -alkynyl" refers to a monovalent group derived from a hydrocarbon having two to six carbon atoms and comprising at least one carbon-carbon triple bond. The alkynyl group can be unbranched or branched. Representative examples include ethynyl, propynyl, butyn- 1-yl, butyn-2-yl, and so on.

The term "hydroxy-substituted alkyl" refers to an alkyl group, as defined above, substituted with one or more hydroxyl (-OH) groups (e.g., -CH ₂ OH,

-CH(OH) ₂ , -CH(OH)-CH ₂ OH, -CH(OH)-CH ₃ , and so on). Preferably, the alkyl group is substituted with 1 to 2 hydroxyl groups, more preferably one hydroxyl group.

"Halogen" or "halo" may be fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine (preferred halogens as substituents are fluorine and chlorine).

The term "oxo" or -C(O)- refers to a carbonyl group. For example, a ketone, aldehyde, or part of an acid, ester, amide, lactone, or lactam group.

The terms "partially or fully saturated carbocyclic ring" (also referred to as "partially or fully saturated cycloalkyl") refers to nonaromatic rings that are either partially or fully hydrogenated and may exist as a single ring, bicyclic ring or a spiral ring. Unless specified otherwise, the carbocyclic ring is generally a 3- to 8-membered ring. For example, partially or fully saturated carbocyclic rings (or cycloalkyl) include groups such as cyclopropyl, cyclopropenyl, cyclobutyl, cyclobutenyl, cyclopentyl, cyclpentenyl, cyclopentadienyl, cyclohexyl, cyclohexenyl, cyclohexadienyl, norbornyl (bicyclo[2.2.1]heptyl), norbornenyl, bicyclo[2.2.2]octyl, and the like.

The term "fused phenyl" refers to a phenyl group fused to another ring, such as an another phenyl (i.e., naphthalenyl), or a heteroaryl (e.g., indolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzo[b]thiophenyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, indazolyl, benzofuranyl,

benzimidazolyl, quinoxalinyl, benzooxazolyl, benzo[d]isoxazo!yl, 1H- benzoimidazolyl, IH-benzotriazolyl, etc.). When substituted, the fused phenyl can be substituted on any of the atoms within the fused system. For example, a benzofuranyl group may be substituted on the phenyl or furanyl portion of the benzofuranyl group.

The term "heteroaryl" or "heteroaromatic ring" refers to aromatic moieties containing at least one heteratom (e.g., oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen or combinations thereof) within a 5- to 6-membered aromatic ring system (e.g., pyrrolyl, pyridyl, pyrazolyl, thienyl, furanyl, oxazolyl, imidazolyl, tetrazolyl, triazinyl, pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, etc.). A typical single heteroaryl ring is generally a 5- to 6-membered ring containing one to three heteroatoms each independently selected from oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen.

The term "fused heteroaryl" refers to a heteroaryl group fused to another ring, such as another heteroaryl (e.g. purinyl, thieno[3,2-c]pyridinyl, imidazo[l,2- a]pyridinyl, benzo[b]thiophenyl, quinolinyl, benzooxazolyl, benzothiazolyl, indolyl, isoquinolinyl, benzofuranyl, indazolyl, benzimidazolyl, etc.). When substituted, the fused heteroaryl can be substituted on any of the atoms within the fused system. For example, an imidazo[l,2-a]pyridinyl group may be substituted on the imidazole or pyridine portion of the fused system.

The phrase "therapeutically effective amount" means an amount of a compound of the present invention that (i) treats or prevents the particular disease, condition, or disorder, (ii) attenuates, ameliorates, or eliminates one or more symptoms of the particular disease, condition, or disorder, or (iii) prevents or delays the onset of one or more symptoms of the particular disease, condition, or disorder described herein. The term "animal" refers to humans (male or female), companion animals (e.g., dogs, cats and horses), zoo animals, marine animals, birds and other similar animal species. A preferred animal is human.

The phrase "pharmaceutically acceptable" indicates that the substance or composition must be compatible chemically and/or toxicologically, with the other ingredients comprising a formulation, and/or the mammal being treated therewith. The terms "treating", "treat", or "treatment" embrace both preventative, i.e., prophylactic, and palliative treatment.

The term "compounds of the present invention" (unless specifically identified otherwise) refer to compounds of Formula (I), (I- A), (I-B), (I-C), (I-D) (I-E) and (II), and pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds, as well as, all stereoisomers (including diastereoisomers and enantiomers), tautomers and isotopically labeled compounds.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The present invention provides compounds and pharmaceutical formulations thereof that are useful in the treatment of diseases, conditions and/or disorders modulated by the inhibition of 17a-hydroxylase/Cn _j2 o-lyase.

Compounds of the present invention may be synthesized by synthetic routes that include processes analogous to those well-known in the chemical arts, particularly in light of the description contained herein. The starting materials are generally available from commercial sources such as Aldrich Chemicals (Milwaukee, Wis.) or are readily prepared using methods well known to those skilled in the art (e.g., prepared by methods generally described in Louis F. Fieser and Mary Fieser, Reagents for Organic Synthesis, v. 1-19, Wiley, New York (1967-1999 ed.), or Beilsteins Handbuch der organischen Chemie, 4, Aufl. ed. Springer- Verlag, Berlin, including supplements (also available via the Beilstein online database)).

For illustrative purposes, the reaction schemes depicted below provide potential routes for synthesizing the compounds of the present invention as well as key intermediates. For a more detailed description of the individual reaction steps, see the Examples section below. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that other synthetic routes may be used to synthesize the inventive compounds. Although specific starting materials and reagents are depicted in the schemes and discussed below, other starting materials and reagents can be easily substituted to provide a variety of derivatives and/or reaction conditions. In addition, many of the compounds prepared by the methods described below can be further modified in light of this disclosure using conventional chemistry well known to those skilled in the art.

The schemes detailed below show general schemes for synthesizing compounds of the present invention (e.g., compounds of Formula (I-A), (I-B), (I-C), (I-D) and (I-E) or (II)). GENERAL SCHEMES

Scheme I below provides a synthetic route for making compounds of the present invention, especially where R ² and R ⁴ are other than hydrogen.

Scheme 1

The nitro- vinyl intermediate (la) can be made by condensing the desired aldehyde (SM-1) with nitromethane in a polar solvent (e.g., ethanol) at about 0°C followed by the addition of a strong base (e.g., NaOH). After warming to about room temperature and quenching with acid (e.g., aqueous HC1), intermediate (la) can be isolated. Intermediate (la) can then be reduced to the corresponding alkylamine derivative (lb) by treatment with a reducing agent, such as lithium aluminum hydride (LAH) or lithium borohydride (LiBH ₄ ) under an inert and dry atmosphere. Ethyl chloroformate is then added to the alkylamine intermediate ( 1 b) in the presence of a base (e.g., sodium carbonate) to produce the carbamate acid ethyl ester intermediate (lc). Intermediate (lc) can then be cyclized to the lactam intermediate (Id) by treatment with phosphorus pentoxide and phosphorus oxychloride at refluxing temperatures. When R ¹ is a halo group in the lactam intermediate (Id), further derivatives can be made via a Suzuki coupling of a desired borane (R ¹ -B(OH) ₂ ) with the lactam intermediate (Id) prior to the addition of the R ⁶ group. See, e.g., Examples 3 and 14 in the Example section below. The desired R ⁶ group may then be added to the lactam intermediate (Id) by coupling intermediate (Id) with the desired (R ⁶ -L), where L is a leaving group, such as bromo or iodo, to produce a compound of the present invention (I-A), where R ³ and R ⁵ are both hydrogen. For example, lactam intermediate (Id) is reacted with the desired R ⁶ -L in the presence of copper iodide, 1,4-dixoane, /raws-N,N'-dimemylcyclohexyl-l,2-diamine, and potassium phosphate.

Scheme II below provides an alternative synthetic route for making compounds of the present invention, especially where R ² and R ³ are other than hydrogen.

L-R ⁶

L = leavin group

(l-B)

Scheme II

Cyano intermediate (2a) can be prepared by reacting starting material (SM-2), where L is a leaving group, with sodium cyanide. The cyano group can then be reduced to the amine using methods well-known to those of skill in the art, e.g., reacting cyano intermediate (2a) under pressure in a parr hydrogenator in the presence of Raney nickel and methanolic ammonia. The compound of the present invention (I- B) can then be prepared from intermediate (2b) using procedures analogous to those described in Scheme I above for Intermediates (lc) and (Id) and Compound (I-A).

Scheme HI below provides yet an alternative synthetic route for making compounds of the present invention.

Scheme III

Carbamate acid ethyl ester intermediate (3 b) can be synthesized by condensing ethylchloroformate with the desired alkyl amino intermediate (3a) in the presence of a base (e.g., sodium carbonate). Cyclization to form lactam intermediate (3c) can be accomplished in the presence of polyphorphoric acid at elevated temperatures (e.g., about 120°C). Alternatively, the cyclization may be accomplished using the procedures described in Scheme I above (e.g., treatment with phosphorus pentoxide and phosphorus oxychloride at refluxing temperatures). The desired R ⁶ may then be attached using procedures analogous to those described in above in Schemes I and II (e.g., Suzuki coupling) to produce a compound of the present invention (I-C).

Scheme IV below illustrates how to prepare compounds of the present invention where R ² or R ³ is taken together with R ⁴ or R ⁵ to form a double bond.

Scheme IV

The acrylic acid intermediate (4b) is accessible by condensing a

carboxaldehyde with malonic acid in the presence of a base (e.g. piperidine) in a suitable solvent (e.g. pyridine) at room temperature. The temperature of the reaction can be raised to complete the reaction. The resulting acid is then converted to its acid chloride (4c) with thionyl chloride in an organic solvent (e.g. toluene or

dichloromethane) at room temperature up to the refluxing temperature of the reaction solvent. The unsaturated acid chloride (4c) is then stirred in dioxane under an inert atmosphere at 0°C and treated with an aqueous solution of sodium azide to give (4d). The acylazide (4d) is dissolved in dichloromethane and this solution is added to diphenyl ether. This mixture is then heated to the reflux temperature of the solvent to effect Curtius rearrangement and yielding the cyclization product (4e). The amide nitrogen may then be substituted with the requisite R ⁶ using procedures analogous to those described above for Schemes I and II to produce a compound of the present invention (I-D).

Scheme V below illustrates an alternative procedure for the preparation of compounds of the present invention where A is a phenyl. Although the scheme illustrates the preparation of compounds where A is a phenyl, one of skill in the art would know how to modify the procedure to include compounds where A is a fused phenyl.

CISO3H

J

(l-E)

Scheme V

The acrylic acid intermediate (5a) can be prepared from a dersired aldehyde (SM-5) and malonic acid using a standard aldo condensation reaction in pyridine (optionally, in the presence of piperidine) at elevated temperatures. Although intermediate 5 a is depicted above in the cis configuration, it is mostly likely trans or a cis/trans mixture. The acrylic acid unsaturation can then be reduced to the

hydrocarbon chain using standard hydrogenation processes well-know to those of skill in the art (e.g., H ₂ atmosphere in the presence of Pd/C). Cyclization to the cycloketo intermediate (5c) can be accomplished by treating intermediate (5b) with

chlorosulfonic acid. The 2,3-dihydro-lH-inden-l-one intermediate (5c) can then be treated with sodium azide in the presence of an acid (e.g., trifluoroacetic acid (TFA)) to produce 3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-l (2H)-one intermediate (5d). The amide nitrogen may then be substituted with the desired R ⁶ using procedures analogous to those described above for Schemes I and II to produce a compound of the present invention (I-E). For a more detailed description of the conditions and alternative starting materials, see Examples 85-90 below.

For compounds where A is an indole, procedures such as those described below for the preparation of Examples 59 and 60 below may also be used with the appropriate starting materials to produce the desired 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH- pyrido[4,3-b]indol-l-one derivatives or Examples 62, 63 and 64 to produce the desired 2,5-dihydro-lH-pyrido[4,3-b]indol-l-one derivatives. Those skilled in the art will know how to make the appropriate modifications to acquire the desired derivative. For compounds where A is a pyridine, procedures such as those described below for the preparation of Example 65 may also be used with the appropriate starting materials to produce a desired 3,4-dihydro-2,7-naphthyridin-l(2H)-one derivative or Example 67 may be used with the appropriate starting materials to produce a desired 3,4-dihydro-2,6-naphthyridin- 1 (2H)-one derivative. Those skilled in the art will know how to make the appropriate modifications to produce the desired derivative.

Alternative methods for making a variety of derivatives are exemplified in the Examples below. Those skilled in the art will know how to make the appropriate modifications to produce the desired compound."

The deuterium-substituted compounds (compounds of Formula II) may be prepared using the Schemes described above using a deuterium-substituted starting material. For example, 4-trideuteromethyl-3-bromopyridine can be prepared from 3- bromopyridine and iodomethane-d ₃ according to the procedure described in

Tetrahedron (1982), 38(20, 3035-3042 (see compound 1 1 therein below).

Alternatively, 4-trideuteromethyl-3-bromopyridine can be prepared from 3-bromo-4- ethynylpyridine using procedures well-known to those skilled in the art.

The compounds and intermediates described herein may be isolated and used as the compound per se or its corresponding salt. Many of the compounds of the present invention are capable of forming acid addition salts, particularly

pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts. Pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts of the compound of Formula (I) or (II) include those of inorganic acids, for example, hydrohalic acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid or hydroiodic acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid; and organic acids, for example aliphatic monocarboxylic acids such as formic acid, acetic acid, , propionic acid and butyric acid, aliphatic hydroxy acids such as lactic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid or malic acid, dicarboxylic acids such as maleic acid or succinic acid, aromatic carboxylic acids such as benzoic acid, p-chlorobenzoic acid, diphenylacetic acid or triphenylacetic acid, aromatic hydroxy acids such as o-hydroxybenzoic acid, p- hydroxybenzoic acid, 1 -hydroxynaphthalene-2-carboxylic acid or 3- hydroxynaphthalene -2 -carboxylic acid, and sulfonic acids such as methanesulfonic acid or benzenesulfonic acid. These salts may be prepared from compounds of Formula (I) or (II) by known salt-forming procedures. Compounds of the present invention which contain acidic, e.g. carboxyl, groups, are also capable of forming salts with bases, in particular pharmaceutically acceptable bases such as those well known in the art; suitable such salts include metal salts, particularly alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts such as sodium, potassium, magnesium or calcium salts, or salts with ammonia or pharmaceutically acceptable organic amines or heterocyclic bases such as ethanolamines, benzylamines or pyridine. These salts may be prepared from compounds of Formula (I) or (II) by known salt-forming procedures.

In those compounds where there is an asymmetric carbon atom the compounds exist in individual optically active isomeric forms or as mixtures thereof, e.g. as racemic or diastereomeric mixtures. The present invention embraces both individual optically active R and S isomers as well as mixtures, e.g. racemic or diastereomeric mixtures, thereof.

The present invention includes all pharmaceutically acceptable isotopically- labeled compounds of the present invention wherein one or more atoms are replaced by atoms having the same atomic number, but an atomic mass or mass number different from the atomic mass or mass number usually found in nature.

Examples of isotopes suitable for inclusion in the compounds of the invention comprises isotopes of hydrogen, such as ² H and ³ H, carbon, such as ⁿ C, ¹³ C and ^,4 C, chlorine, such as ³ C1, fluorine, such as ¹⁸ F, iodine, such as ¹²³ I and ^,25 I, nitrogen, such as ^l3 N and ¹⁵ N, oxygen, such as ¹⁵ 0, ^,7 0 and ¹⁸ 0, phosphorus, such as ³² P, and sulphur, such as ³⁵ S.

Substitution with heavier isotopes such as deuterium, i.e. ² H, may afford certain therapeutic advantages resulting from greater metabolic stability, for example, increased in vivo half-life or reduced dosage requirements, and hence may be preferred in some circumstances.

When a particular position is designated as having deuterium, it is understood that the abundance of deuterium at that position is greater than the natural abundance of deuterium (typically 0.015%). Unless otherwise stated, when a position is designated specifically as "D" or "deuterium", the position is understood to have deuterium at an abundance that is greater than the natural abundance of deuterium.

The term "isotopic enrichment factor" as used herein means the ratio between the isotopic abundance and the natural abundance of that isotope (or percentage of deuterium incorporation). For a compound of the present invention having a deuterated substitution, the isotopic enrichment factor for each deuterium present at a site designated as a potential site of deuteration on the compound is generally about 98% deuterium incorporation, preferably, > 98.5% deuterium incorporation.

Isotopically-labeled compounds of the present invention can generally be prepared by conventional techniques known to those skilled in the art or by processes analogous to those described in the accompanying Examples and Preparations Sections using an appropriate isotopically-labeled reagent in place of the non-labeled reagent previously employed.

The compounds of the present invention may exist in unsolvated as well as solvated forms with pharmaceutically acceptable solvents such as water, ethanol, and the like, and it is intended that the invention embrace both solvated and unsolvated forms. For purposes of the present invention, solvates (including hydrates) are considered pharmaceutical compositions, e.g., a Compound of the present invention in combination with an excipient, wherein the excipient is a solvent.

Compounds of the present invention are useful for treating diseases, conditions and disorders mediated by the regulation of 17a-hydroxylase/C] ₇₎ 2o-lyase; consequently, the compounds of the present invention (including the compositions and processes used therein) may be used in the manufacture of a medicament for the therapeutic applications described herein. Hence, another embodiment of the present invention is a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the present invention and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, diluent or carrier.

A typical formulation is prepared by mixing a compound of the present invention and a carrier, diluent or excipient. Suitable carriers, diluents and excipients are well known to those skilled in the art and include materials such as carbohydrates, waxes, water soluble and/or swellable polymers, hydrophilic or hydrophobic materials, gelatin, oils, solvents, water, and the like. The particular carrier, diluent or excipient used will depend upon the means and purpose for which the compound of the present invention is being applied. Solvents are generally selected based on solvents recognized by persons skilled in the art as safe (GRAS) to be administered to a mammal. In general, safe solvents are non-toxic aqueous solvents such as water and other non-toxic solvents that are soluble or miscible in water. Suitable aqueous solvents include water, ethanol, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycols (e.g., PEG400, PEG300), etc. and mixtures thereof. The formulations may also include one or more buffers, stabilizing agents, surfactants, wetting agents, lubricating agents, emulsifiers, suspending agents, preservatives, antioxidants, opaquing agents, glidants, processing aids, colorants, sweeteners, perfuming agents, flavoring agents and other known additives to provide an elegant presentation of the drug (i.e., a compound of the present invention or pharmaceutical composition thereof) or aid in the manufacturing of the pharmaceutical product (i.e., medicament).

The formulations may be prepared using conventional dissolution and mixing procedures. For example, the bulk drug substance (i.e., compound of the present invention or stabilized form of the compound (e.g., complex with a cyclodextrin derivative or other known complexation agent)) is dissolved in a suitable solvent in the presence of one or more of the excipients. The compound of the present invention is typically formulated into pharmaceutical dosage forms to provide an easily controllable dosage of the drug and to give the patient an elegant and easily handleable product.

The pharmaceutical composition (or formulation) for application may be packaged in a variety of ways depending upon the method used for administering the drug. Generally, an article for distribution includes a container having deposited therein the pharmaceutical formulation in an appropriate form. Suitable containers are well-known to those skilled in the art and include materials such as bottles (plastic and glass), sachets, ampoules, plastic bags, metal cylinders, and the like. The container may also include a tamper-proof assemblage to prevent indiscreet access to the contents of the package. In addition, the container has deposited thereon a label that describes the contents of the container. The label may also include appropriate warnings.

A Cypl 7 inhibitor of the present invention may be usefully combined with at least one additional pharmacologically active compound, particularly in the treatment of cancer. For example, a compound of the present invention, as defined above, may be administered simultaneously, sequentially or separately in combination with one or more agents selected from chemotherapy agents, e.g. mitotic inhibitors such as a taxane, a vinca alkaloid, paclitaxel, docetaxel, vincristine, vinblastine, vinorelbine or vinflunine, and other anticancer agents, e.g. cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil or 5-fluoro-2- 4(lH,3H)-pyrimidinedione (5FU), flutamide or gemcitabine. Such combinations may offer significant advantages, including synergistic activity, in therapy. A compound of the present invention may also be used in combination with other antiproliferative compounds. Such antiproliferative compounds include, but are not limited to aromatase inhibitors; antiestrogens; topoisomerase I inhibitors;

topoisomerase II inhibitors; microtubule active compounds; alkylating compounds; compounds which induce cell differentiation processes; cyclooxygenase inhibitors; MMP inhibitors; mTOR inhibitors; antineoplastic antimetabolites; platin compounds; compounds targeting decreasing a protein or lipid kinase activity and further anti- angiogenic compounds; compounds which target, decrease or inhibit the activity of a protein or lipid phosphatase; gonadorelin agonists; anti-androgens; methionine aminopeptidase inhibitors; bisphosphonates; biological response modifiers;

antiproliferative antibodies; heparanase inhibitors; inhibitors of Ras oncogenic isoforms; telomerase inhibitors; proteasome inhibitors; compounds used in the treatment of hematologic malignancies; compounds which target, decrease or inhibit the activity of Flt-3; Hsp90 inhibitors such as 17- A AG (17-allylamino-gelda-namycin, NSC330507), 17-DMAG (17-dimethyIaminoethylamino- 17-demethoxy- geldana-mycin, NSC707545), IPI-504, CNFIOIO, CNF2024, CNFIOIO from

Conforma Therapeutics; temozolomide (TEMODAL); kinesin spindle protein inhibitors, such as SB715992 or SB743921 from GlaxoSmithKline, or

pentamidine/chlorpromazine from CombinatoRx; PI3K inhibitors; RAF inhibitors; EDG binders, antileukemia compounds, ribonucleotide reductase inhibitors, S- adenosylmethionine decarboxylase inhibitors, antiproliferative anti-bodies or other chemotherapeutic compounds. Further, alternatively or in addition they may be used in combination with other tumor treatment approaches, including surgery, ionizing radiation, photodynamic therapy, implants, e.g. with corticosteroids, hormones, or they may be used as radiosensitizers. Also, in anti-inflammatory and/or

antiproliferative treatment, combination with anti-inflammatory drugs is included. Combination is also possible with antihistamine drug substances, bronchodilatatory drugs, NSA1D or antagonists of chemokine receptors.

The term "aromatase inhibitor" as used herein relates to a compound which inhibits the estrogen production, i.e. the conversion of the substrates androstenedione and testosterone to estrone and estradiol, respectively. The term includes, but is not limited to steroids, especially atame-stane, exemestane and formestane and, in part-icular, non-steroids, especially aminoglutethimide, roglethimide,

pyridoglutethimide, trilostane, testolactone, ketokonazole, vorozole, fadrozole, anastrozole and letrozole. Exemestane can be administered, e.g., in the form as it is marketed, e.g. under the trademark AROMASIN. Formestane can be administered, e.g., in the form as it is marketed, e.g. under the trademark LENTARON. Fadrozole can be administered, e.g., in the form as it is marketed, e.g. un-der the trademark AFEMA. Anastrozole can be administered, e.g., in the form as it is marketed, e.g. under the trademark ARIMIDEX. Letrozole can be administered, e.g., in the form as it is marketed, e.g. under the trademark FEMARA or FEMAR. Amino glutethimide can be administered, e.g., in the form as it is marketed, e.g. under the trademark, ORIMETEN. A combination of the invention comprising a chemo-therapeutic agent which is an aromatase inhibitor is particularly useful for the treatment of hormone receptor positive tumors, e.g., breast tumors.

The term "anti-estrogen" as used herein relates to a compound which antagonizes the effect of estrogens at the estrogen receptor level. The term includes, but is not limited to tamoxifen, fulvestrant, raloxifene and raloxifene hydrochloride. Tamoxifen can be administered, e.g., in the form as it is marketed, e.g. under the trademark NOLVADEX. Raloxifene hydrochloride can be administered, e.g., in the form as it is marketed, e.g. under the trademark EVISTA. Fulvestrant can be formulated as disclosed in US 4,659,516 or it can be administered, e.g., in the form as it is marketed, e.g. under the trademark FASLODEX. A combination of the invention comprising a chemotherapeutic agent which is an anti-estrogen is particularly useful for the treatment of estrogen receptor positive tumors, e.g. breast tumors.

The term "anti-androgen" as used herein relates to any substance which is capable of in-hibiting the biological effects of androgenic hormones and includes, but is not limited to, bicalutamide (CASODEX), which can be formulated, e.g. as disclosed in US 4,636,505.

The term "gonadorelin agonist" as used herein includes, but is not limited to abarelix, goserelin and goserelin acetate. Goserelin is disclosed in US 4,100,274 and can be administered, e.g., in the form as it is marketed, e.g. under the trademark ZOLADEX. Abarelix can be formulated, e.g. as disclosed in US 5,843,901.

The term "topoisomerase I inhibitor" as used herein includes, but is not limited to topotecan, gimatecan, irinotecan, camptothecin and its analogues, 9- nitrocamptothecin and the macromolecular camptothecin conjugate PNU-166148 (compound Al in W099/ 17804). Irinotecan can be administered, e.g. in the form as it is marketed, e.g. under the trademark CAMPTOSAR. Topotecan can be administered, e.g., in the form as it is marketed, e.g. under the trademark

HYCAMTIN.

The term "topoisomerase II inhibitor" as used herein includes, but is not limited to the anthracyclines such as doxorubicin (including liposomal formulation, e.g. CAELYX), daunorubicin, epirubicin, idarubicin and nemorubicin, the

anthraquinones mitoxantrone and losoxantrone, and the podophillotoxines etoposide and teniposide. Etoposide can be administered, e.g. in the form as it is marketed, e.g. under the trademark ETOPOPHOS. Teniposide can be administered, e.g. in the form as it is marketed, e.g. under the trademark VM 26-BRISTOL. Doxorubicin can be administered, e.g. in the form as it is marketed, e.g. under the trademark

ADRJBLASTIN or ADRIAMYCIN. Epirubicin can be administered, e.g. in the form as it is marketed, e.g. under the trademark FARMORUBICIN. Idarubicin can be administered, e.g. in the form as it is marketed, e.g. under the trademark ZAVEDOS. Mitoxantrone can be administered, e.g. in the form as it is marketed, e.g. under the trademark NOVANTRON.

The term "microtubule active compound" relates to microtubule stabilizing, microtubule destabilizing compounds and microtublin polymerization inhibitors including, but not limited to taxanes, e.g. paclitaxel and docetaxel, vinca alkaloids, e.g., vinblastine, especially vinblastine sulfate, vincristine especially vincristine sulfate, and vinorelbine, discodermolides, cochicine and epothilones and derivatives thereof, e.g. epothilone B or D or derivatives thereof. Paclitaxel may be administered e.g. in the form as it is marketed, e.g. TAXOL. Docetaxel can be administered, e.g., in the form as it is marketed, e.g. under the trademark TAXOTERE. Vinblastine sulfate can be administered, e.g., in the form as it is marketed, e.g. under the trademark VINBLASTIN R.P. Vincristine sulfate can be administered, e.g., in the form as it is marketed, e.g. under the trademark FARMISTIN. Discodermolide can be obtained, e.g., as disclosed in US 5,010,099. Also included are Epothilone derivatives which are disclosed in WO 98/10121, US 6,194,181, WO 98/25929, WO 98/08849, WO 99/43653, WO 98/22461 and WO 00/31247. Especially preferred are Epothilone A and/or B.

The term "alkylating compound" as used herein includes, but is not limited to, cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, melphalan or nitrosourea (BCNU or Gliadel).

Cyclophosphamide can be administered, e.g., in the form as it is marketed, e.g. under the trademark CYCLOSTIN. Ifosfamide can be administered, e.g., in the form as it is marketed, e.g., under the trademark HOLOXAN.

The term "antineoplastic antimetabolite" includes, but is not limited to, 5- Fluorouracil or 5-FU, capecitabine, gemcitabine, DNA demethylating compounds, such as 5-azacy-ti-dine and decitabine, methotrexate and edatrexate, and folic acid antagonists such as pemetrexed. Capecitabine can be administe-red, e.g., in the form as it is marketed, e.g. under the trademark XELODA. Gemcitabine can be

administered, e.g., in the form as it is marketed, e.g. under the trademark GEMZAR. The term "platin compound" as used herein includes, but is not limited to, carboplatin, cis-platin, cisplatinum and oxaliplatin. Carboplatin can be administered, e.g., in the form as it is marketed, e.g. under the trademark CARBOPLAT. Oxaliplatin can be administered, e.g., in the form as it is marketed, e.g. under the trademark

ELOXATIN.

The term "compounds targeting/decreasing a protein or lipid kinase activity"; or a "protein or lipid phosphatase activity"; or "further anti-angiogenic compounds" as used herein includes, but is not limited to, protein tyrosine kinase and/or serine and/or threonine kinase inhibitors or lipid kinase inhibitors, e.g., a) compounds targeting, decreasing or inhibiting the activity of the platelet-derived growth factor- receptors (PDGFR), such as compounds which target, decrease or inhibit the activity of PDGFR, especially compounds which inhibit the PDGF receptor, e.g. a N-phenyl- 2-pyrimidine-amine derivative, e.g. imatinib, SU101, SU6668 and GFB-1 11 ; b) compounds targeting, decreasing or inhibiting the activity of the fibroblast growth factor-receptors (FGFR); c) compounds targeting, decreasing or inhibiting the activity of the insulin-like growth factor receptor I (IGF-IR), such as compounds which target, decrease or inhibit the activity of IGF-IR, especially compounds which inhibit the kinase activity of IGF-I receptor, such as those compounds disclosed in WO 02/092599, or antibodies that target the extracellular domain of IGF-I receptor or its growth factors; d) compounds targeting, decreasing or inhibiting the activity of the Trk receptor tyrosine kinase family, or ephrin B4 inhibitors; e) compounds targeting, decreasing or inhibiting the activity of the Axl receptor tyrosine kinase family; f) compounds targeting, decreasing or inhibiting the activity of the Ret receptor tyrosine kinase; g) compounds targeting, decreasing or inhibiting the activity of the Kit/SCFR receptor tyrosine kinase, i.e C-kit receptor tyrosine kinases - (part of the PDGFR family), such as compounds which target, decrease or inhibit the activity of the c-Kit receptor tyrosine kinase family, especially compounds which inhibit the c-Kit receptor, e.g. imatinib; h) compounds targeting, decreasing or inhibiting the activity of members of the c-Abl family, their gene-fusion products (e.g. BCR-Abl kinase) and mutants, such as corn-pounds which target decrease or inhibit the activity of c- Abl family members and their gene fusion products, e.g. a N-phenyl-2-pyrimidine- amine derivative, e.g. imatinib or nilotinib (AMN107); PD 180970; AG957; NSC 680410; PD 173955 from ParkeDavis; or dasatinib (BMS-354825); i) compounds targeting, decreasing or inhibiting the activity of members of the protein kinase C (PKC) and Raf family of serine/threonine kinases, members of the MEK, SRC, JAK, F AK, PDK 1 , PKB/Akt, and Ras/MAPK family members, and/or members of the cyclin-dependent kinase family (CDK) and are especially those staurosporine derivatives disclosed in US 5,093,330, e.g. midostaurin; examples of further compounds include e.g. UCN-01, safingol, BAY 43-9006, Bryostatin 1, Perifosine; Ilmofosine; RO 318220 and RO 320432; GO 6976; Isis 3521; LY333531/LY379196; isochinoline compounds such as those disclosed in WO 00/09495; FTIs; BEZ235 (a P13K inhibitor) or AT7519 (CDK inhibitor); j) compounds targeting, decreasing or inhibiting the activity of protein-tyrosine kinase inhibitors, such as compounds which target, decrease or inhibit the activity of protein-tyrosine kinase inhibitors include imatinib mesylate (GLEEVEC) or tyrphostin. A tyrphostin is preferably a low molecular weight (mw<l 500) compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, especially a compound selected from the benzylidenemalonitrile class or the S-arylbenzenemalonirile or bisubstrate quinoline class of compounds, more especially any compound selected from the group consisting of Tyrphostin A23 RG-50810; AG 99; Tyrphostin AG 213; Tyrphostin AG 1748; Tyrphostin AG 490; Tyrphostin B44; Tyrphostin B44 (+) enantiomer; Tyrphostin AG 555; AG 494; Tyrphostin AG 556, AG957 and adaphostin (4-{[(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)methyl]amino}-benzoic acid adamantyl ester; NSC 680410, adaphostin); k) compounds targeting, decreasing or inhibiting the activity of the epidermal growth factor family of receptor tyrosine kinases (EGFR, ErbB2, ErbB3, ErbB4 as homo- or heterodimers) and their mutants, such as compounds which target, decrease or inhibit the activity of the epidermal growth factor receptor family are especially compounds, proteins or antibodies which inhibit members of the EGF receptor tyrosine kinase family, e.g. EGF receptor, ErbB2, ErbB3 and ErbB4 or bind to EGF or EGF related ligands, and are in particular those compounds, proteins or monoclonal antibodies generically and specifically disclosed in WO 97/02266, e.g. the compound of ex. 39, or in EP 0564 409, WO 99/03854, EP 0520722, EP 0 566 226, EP 0787 722, EP 0 837 063, US 5,747,498, WO 98/10767, WO 97/30034, WO 97/49688, WO 97/38983 and, especially, WO 96/30347 (e.g. compound known as CP 358774), WO 96/33980 (e.g. compound ZD 1839) and WO 95/03283 (e.g. compound ZM105180); e.g. trastuzumab (Herceptin), cetuximab (Erbitux), Iressa, Tarceva, OSI-774, CI-1033, EKB-569, GW-2016, El .l, E2.4, E2.5, E6.2, E6.4, E2.11, E6.3 or E7.6.3, and 7H-pyrrolo-[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives which are disclosed in WO 03/013541; and 1) compounds targeting, decreasing or inhibiting the activity of the c-Met receptor, such as compounds which target, decrease or inhibit the activity of c-Met, especially compounds which inhibit the kinase activity of c-Met receptor, or antibodies that target the extracellular domain of c-Met or bind to HGF.

Further anti-angiogenic compounds include compounds having another mechanism for their activity, e.g. unrelated to protein or lipid kinase inhibition e.g. thalidomide (THALOMID) and TNP-470.

Compounds which target, decrease or inhibit the activity of a protein or lipid phosphatase are e.g., inhibitors of phosphatase 1, phosphatase 2A, or CDC25, e.g. okadaic acid or a derivative thereof.

Compounds which induce cell differentiation processes are e.g. retinoic acid, or tocopherol or tocotrienol.

The term cyclooxygenase inhibitor as used herein includes, but is not limited to, e.g. Cox-2 inhibitors, 5-alkyl substituted 2-arylaminophenylacetic acid and derivatives, such as celecoxib (CELEBREX), rofecoxib (VIOXX), etoricoxib, valdecoxib or a 5-alkyl-2-arylaminophenylacetic acid, e.g. 5-methyl-2-(2'-chloro-6'- fluoroanilino)phenyl acetic acid, lumiracoxib.

The term "bisphosphonates" as used herein includes, but is not limited to, etridonic, clodronic, tiludronic, pamidronic, alendronic, ibandronic, risedronic and zoledronic acid. "Etridonic acid" can be administered, e.g., in the form as it is marketed, e.g. under the trademark DIDRONEL. "Clodronic acid" can be

administered, e.g., in the form as it is marketed, e.g. under the trademark BONEFOS. "Tiludronic acid" can be administered, e.g., in the form as it is marketed, e.g. under the trademark SKELID. "Pamidronic acid" can be administered, e.g. in the form as it is marketed, e.g. under the trademark AREDIA. "Alendronic acid" can be

administered, e.g., in the form as it is marketed, e.g. under the trademark FOSAMAX. "Ibandronic acid" can be administered, e.g., in the form as it is marketed, e.g. under the trademark BONDRANAT. "Risedronic acid" can be administered, e.g., in the form as it is marketed, e.g. under the trademark ACTONEL. "Zoledronic acid" can be administered, e.g. in the form as it is marketed, e.g. under the trademark

ZOMETA.

The term "mTOR inhibitors" relates to compounds which inhibit the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and which possess antiproliferative activity such as sirolimus (Rapamune), everolimus (CerticanO), CCI-779 and ABT578.

The term "heparanase inhibitor" as used herein refers to compounds which target, decrease or inhibit heparin sulfate degradation. The term includes, but is not limited to, PI-88.

The term "biological response modifier" as used herein refers to a lymphokine or interferons, e.g. interferon.

The term "inhibitor of Ras oncogenic isoforms", e.g. H-Ras, -Ras, or N-Ras, as used herein refers to compounds which target, decrease or inhibit the oncogenic activity of Ras e.g. a "farnesyl transferase inhibitor" e.g. L- 744832, D 8G557 or R1 15777 (Zamestra).

The term "telomerase inhibitor" as used herein refers to compounds which target, decrease or inhibit the activity of telomerase. Compounds which target, decrease or inhibit the activity of telomerase are especially compounds which inhibit the telomerase receptor, e.g. telomestatin.

The term "methionine aminopeptidase inhibitor" as used herein refers to compounds which target, decrease or inhibit the activity of methionine

aminopeptidase. Compounds which target, decrease or inhibit the activity of methionine aminopeptidase are e.g. bengamide or a derivative thereof.

The term "proteasome inhibitor" as used herein refers to compounds which target, decrease or inhibit the activity of the proteasome. Compounds which target, decrease or inhibit the activity of the proteasome include e.g. Bortezomid (Velcade) and MLN 341.

The term "matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor" or ("MMP" inhibitor) as used herein includes, but is not limited to, collagen peptidomimetic and nonpeptidomimetic inhibitors, tetracycline derivatives, e.g. hydroxamate peptidomimetic inhibitor batimastat and its orally bioavailable analogue marimastat (BB-2516), prinomastat (AG3340), metastat (NSC 683551) BMS-279251, BAY 12-9566, ΤΑΑ2Π, MMI270B or AAJ996.

The term "compounds used in the treatment of hematologic malignancies" as used herein includes, but is not limited to, FMS-like tyrosine kinase inhibitors e.g. compounds targeting, decreasing or inhibiting the activity of FMS-like tyrosine kinase receptors (Flt-3R); interferon, 1 -b-D-arabinofuransylcytosine (ara-c) and bisulfan; and ALK inhibitors e.g. compounds which target, decrease or inhibit anaplastic lymphoma kinase.

Compounds which target, decrease or inhibit the activity of FMS-like tyrosine kinase receptors (Flt-3R) are especially compounds, proteins or antibodies which inhibit members of the Flt-3R receptor kinase family, e.g. PKC412, TKI258, midostaurin, a staurosporine derivative, SU1 1248 and MLN518.

The term "HSP90 inhibitors" as used herein includes, but is not limited to, compounds targeting, decreasing or inhibiting the intrinsic ATPase activity of HSP90; degrading, targeting, decreasing or inhibiting the HSP90 client proteins via the ubiquitin proteosome pathway. Compounds targeting, decreasing or inhibiting the intrinsic ATPase activity of HSP90 are especially compounds, proteins or antibodies which inhibit the ATPase activity of HSP90 e.g., 17-allylamino,17- demethoxygeldanamycin (17AAG), a geldanamycin derivative; other geldanamycin related compounds; radicicol and HDAC inhibitors. An example HSP90 inhibitor is AUY922.

The term "antiproliferative antibodies" as used herein includes, but is not limited to, trastuzumab (Herceptin), Trastuzumab-DMl,erbitux, bevacizumab

(Avastin), rituximab (Rituxan), PR064553 (anti-CD40) and 2C4 Antibody. By antibodies is meant e.g. intact monoclonal antibodies, polyclonal antibodies, multispe-cific antibodies formed from at least 2 intact antibodies, and antibodies fragments so long as they exhibit the desired biological activity.

For the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), compounds of formula (I) can be used in combination with standard leukemia therapies, especially in combination with therapies used for the treatment of AML. In particular, compounds of formula (I) can be administered in combination with, e.g., farnesyl transferase inhibitors and/or other drugs useful for the treatment of AML, such as Daunorubicin, Adriamycin, Ara-C, VP- 16, Teniposide, Mitoxantrone, Idarubicin, Carboplatinum and PKC412. The term "antileukemic compounds" includes, for example, Ara-C, a pyrimidine analog, which is the 2-alpha-hydroxy ribose (arabinoside) derivative of deoxycytidine. Also included is the purine analog of hypoxanthine, 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) and fludarabine phosphate.

Somatostatin receptor antagonists as used herein refers to compounds which target, treat or inhibit the somatostatin receptor such as octreotide, and SOM230 (pasireotide).

Tumor cell damaging approaches refer to approaches such as ionizing radiation. The term "ionizing radiation" referred to above and hereinafter means ionizing radiation that occurs as either electromagnetic rays (such as X-rays and gamma rays) or particles (such as alpha and beta particles). Ionizing radiation is provided in, but not limited to, radiation therapy and is known in the art. See

Hellman, Principles of Radiation Therapy, Cancer, in Principles and Practice of Oncology, Devita et al., Eds., 4 ^th Edition, Vol. 1, pp. 248-275 (1993).

The term "EDG binders" as used herein refers a class of immunosuppressants that modulates lymphocyte recirculation, such as FTY720.

The term "ribonucleotide reductase inhibitors" refers to pyrimidine or purine nucleoside analogs including, but not limited to, fludarabine and/or cytosine arabinoside (ara-C), 6-thioguanine, 5-fluorouracil, cladribine, 6-mercaptopurine (especially in combination with ara-C against ALL) and/or pentostatin.

Ribonucleotide reductase inhibitors are especially hydroxyurea or 2-hydroxy-lH- isoindole-l,3-dione derivatives, such as PL-1, PL-2, PL-3, PL-4, PL-5, PL-6, PL-7 or PL-8 mentioned in Nandy et al., Acta Oncologica, Vol. 33, No. 8, pp. 953-961 (1994).

The term "S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase inhibitors" as used herein includes, but is not limited to the compounds disclosed in US 5,461 ,076.

Also included are in particular those compounds, proteins or monoclonal antibodies of VEGF disclosed in WO 98/35958, e.g. 1 -(4-chloroanilino)-4-(4- pyridylmethyl)phthalazine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, e.g. the succinate, or in WO 00/09495, WO 00/27820, WO 00/59509, WO 98/1 1223, WO 00/27819 and EP 0 769 947; those as described by Prewett et al, Cancer Res, Vol. 59, pp. 5209-5218 (1999); Yuan et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, Vol. 93, pp. 14765- 14770 (1996); Zhu et al., Cancer Res, Vol. 58, pp. 3209-3214 (1998); and Mordenti et al., Toxicol Pathol, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp. 14-21 (1999); in WO 00/37502 and WO 94/10202; ANGIOSTATIN, described by O'Reilly et al., Cell, Vol. 79, pp. 315-328 (1994); ENDOSTATIN, described by O'Reilly et al., Cell, Vol. 88, pp. 277-285 (1997); anthranilic acid amides; ZD4190; ZD6474; SU5416; SU6668; bevacizumab; or anti-VEGF antibodies or anti-VEGF receptor antibodies, e.g. rhuMAb and

RHUFab, VEGF aptamer e.g. Macugon; FLT-4 inhibitors, FLT-3 inhibitors, VEGFR- 2 IgGl antibody, Angiozyme (RPI 4610) and Bevacizumab (Avastin).

Photodynamic therapy as used herein refers to therapy which uses certain chemicals known as photosensitizing compounds to treat or prevent cancers.

Examples of photodynamic therapy includes treatment with compounds, such as e.g. VISUDYNE and porfimer sodium.

Angiostatic steroids as used herein refers to compounds which block or inhibit angiogenesis, such as, e.g., anecortave, triamcinolone, hydrocortisone, 11—

epihydrocotisol, cortexolone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, corticosterone,

desoxycorticosterone, testosterone, estrone and dexamethasone.

Implants containing corticosteroids refers to compounds, such as e.g. fluocinolone, dexamethasone.

"Other chemotherapeutic compounds" include, but are not limited to, plant alkaloids, hormonal compounds and antagonists; biological response modifiers, preferably lymphokines or interferons; antisense oligonucleotides or oligonucleotide derivatives; shRNA or siRNA; or miscellaneous compounds or compounds with other or unknown mechanism of action.

The structure of the active compounds identified by code nos., generic or trade names may be taken from the actual edition of the standard compendium "The Merck Index" or from databases, e.g. Patents International (e.g. IMS World Publications).

EXAMPLES

The following abbreviations used in the examples below have the

corresponding meanings:

DABCO l,4-Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane

DCM Dichloromethane

DEAD Diethyl azodicarboxylate

DIBAL-H Diisobutyl aluminium hydride

ΒΓΝΑΡ 2, 2'-bis(diphenylphosphino)- 1 , 1 '-binaphthyl

DIPEA Diisopropyl ethyl amine

DMAP 4 -Dimethylaminopyridine

DMF Dimethylformamide DMSO Dimethylsulfoxide

Dppf 1 , 1 '-Bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene

EDCI 1 -(3 - Dimethylatninopropyl )- 3 -ethylcarbodiimide

KHMDS Potassium hexamethyldisilazane

LAH Lithium Aluminum Hydride

Pd ₂ (dba) ₃ Tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0)

PTSA p-Toluene sulfonic acid

TBAF Tetrabutyl ammonium fluoride

TEA Triethylamine

THF Tetrahydrofuran

TLC Thin Layer Chromatography

X-Phos 2-Dicyclohexylphosphino-2',4',6'-triisopropylbiphenyl

Example 1

Preparation of 7-Chloro-2-pyridin-3-yl-3, 4-dihydro-2H-isoquinolin-l -one CIA):

(IA)

Step 1: Preparation of Intermediate I-Chloro-4-(2-nitro-vinyl)-benzene fl-Ia)

(I- la)

Nitro methane (1.156mL, 0.02135mmol) was added to a stirred solution of 4- chloro-benzaldehyde (3g, 0.02135mmol) in ethanol (lOOmL) at 0°C, followed by dropwise addition of ION NaOH solution (896mg, 0.0224mmol) over a period of 10 minutes. The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. The reaction was monitored by TLC (20% ethylacetate in hexane). The reaction mixture was quenched with HCl (50mL) and water (50mL) followed by stirring for an additional 1 hour at room temperature. The solid formed was collected and dried under reduced pressure to afford 3.4g of the product (87% yield). Ή NMR (CDC1 ₃ , 300 MHz): δ 8.16-7.84 (m, 1H), 7.71-7.34 (m, 5H) Step 2: Preparation of Intermediate 2-(4-Chloro-phenyl)-ethylamine (I- lb)

(Mb)

l-Chloro-4-(2-nitro-vinyl)-benzene (I- la: 3.4g, 0.0185mmol) dissolved in dry THF (50mL) was added dropwise to a stirred suspension of LAH (1.3g, 0.03707 mmol) in dry THF (50mL) over a period of 20 minutes at 0°C under nitrogen atmosphere. The resulting mixture was stirred at 45°C for 3 hours. The reaction was monitored by TLC (10% ethylacetate in hexane). The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, quenched with 10% NaOH solution (3mL), and filtered through Celite® bed. The filtrate was washed with ethylacetate and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford 2.6g of the crude product which was used in the next step without further purification.

1H NMR (CDC1 ₃ , 300 MHz): δ 7.49-7.00 (m, 6H), 2.9 (t, 2H), 2.6 (t, 2H)

Step 3: Preparation of Intermediate [2-(4-Chloro-phenyl)-ethyl]-carbamic acid ethyl ester (I-lc)

Chloro ethyl formate (1.92mL) and 2N Na ₂ C0 ₃ solution (20mL) were added to a stirred solution of 2-(4-chloro-phenyl)-ethylamine (I- lb: 2.6g, 0.01667mmol) in chloroform (20mL). The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hours. The reaction was monitored by TLC (20% ethylacetate in hexane). The reaction mixture was partitioned between water and chloroform. The organic layer was washed with water, brine solution, dried over Na ₂ S0 ₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (10% ethylacetate in hexane) afforded 2g of the product (52.6% yield).

1H NMR (CDCI3, 300 MHz): δ 7.6-6.8 (m, 4H), 4.9-4.4 (br s, 1H), 4.35-3.76 (m, 2H), 3.64-3.15 (m, 2H), 3.1-2.6 (m, 2H), 1.5-0.9 (m, 3H) Step 4: Preparation of Intermediate 7-CMoro-3.4-dihydro-2H-isoquinolin-l-one (1-

Idl

(I-ld)

P2O5 (3.1g, 0.0495mmol) was added to a stirred solution of [2-(4-chloro- phenyl)-ethyl]-carbamic acid ethyl ester (2.5g, 0.01097mmol) in POCl ₃ (lOmL). The resulting mixture was heated to reflux for 3 hours. The reaction was monitored by TLC (10% methanol in DCM). The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and concentrated under reduced pressure. The concentrate was quenched with chilled water, basified with NaHC0 ₃ solution and extracted with ethylacetate. The organic layer was washed with water, brine solution, dried over Na ₂ S0 and concentrated under reduced pressure. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (10% methanol in CHC1 ₃ ) afforded 500mg of the product (26.3% yield).

LCMS: m/z = 181.9 (M+l)

Preparation of 7-Chloro-2-pyridin~3-yl-3.4-dihvdro-2H-isoquinolin-l-one (1A)

Copper iodide (15.6mg, 0.0824mmol), trans-N,N'-dimethyl-cyclohexyl-l,2- diamine (28.3mg, 0.2472mmol) and potassium phosphate (437.3mg, 2.0604mmol) were added to 1,4-dioxane (20mL) degassed with argon for 30 minutes. The reaction mixture was purged with argon for a further 20 minutes followed by the addition of 7- chloro-3,4-dihydro-2H-isoquinolin- 1 -one (I- Id: 150mg, 0.82417mmol) and 3-bromo- pyridine (88.9mL, 0.9065mmol). The reaction mixture was heated to reflux at 1 10°C for 12 hours. The reaction was monitored by TLC (10% methanol in CHC1 ₃ ). The reaction mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (10% methanol in CHC1 ₃ ) afforded 90mg of the product (42.2% yield).

^] H NMR (DMSO-D6, 300 MHz): 6 8.90-8.24 (d, 2H), 8.1-7.0 (m, 5H), 4.20- 3.84 (m, 2H), 3.3-3.2 (m, 2H)

LCMS purity: 90.81%, m/z = 259.0 (M+l)

HPLC: 94.25% Example 2

Preparation of 7-Chloro-2-(4-methyl-pyridin-3-yl)-3.4-dihydro-2H-isoquinoli n-l-one

(2A)

Using analogous reaction conditions as described in Example 1, 7-chloro-3,4- dihydro-2H-isoquinolin-l-one (I- Id: 150mg, 0.824mmol) was reacted with 3-iodo-4- methyl-pyridine (216mg, 0.989mmol), 1, 4-dioxane (lOmL), copper iodide (15.69mg, 0.0824mmol), tra«s-N,N'-dimethyl-cyclohexyl-l ,2-diamine (35.10mg, 0.2472mmol) and potassium phosphate (524mg, 2.472mmol) to afford the crude product.

Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (1% methanol in CHCI3) afforded 70mg of the product (31.25% yield).

Ή NMR (DMSO-D ₆ , 300 MHz): δ 8.54-8.24 (m, 2H), 8.06-7.76 (br s, 1H), 7.74-7.20 (m, 3H), 4.15-3.65 (m, 2H), 3.30-3.02 (m, 2H), 2.2 (s, 3H)

LCMS purity: 99.36%, m/z = 273.0 (M+l)

HPLC: 95.59%

Example 3

Preparation of 7-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-2-(4-methyl-pyridin-3-yl)-3, 4-dihydr

isoquinolin-l-one (3A)

(3A)

Step 1: Preparation of Intermediate l-Bromo-4-(2-nitro~vinyl)-benzene (1-3 a)

(I-3a)

Using analogous reaction conditions and workup as described in Example 1, step 1, 4-bromo-benzaldehyde (lOg, 0.05404mmol) m ethanol (250mL) was reacted with nitro methane (2.92mL, 0.5404mmol) and 1 ON NaOH (2.26g, 0.05674mmol) to afford 10.7g of the product (84.2% yield).

Ή NMR (CDCI3, 300 MHz): δ 8.06-7.88 (m, 1H), 7.70-7.52 (m, 3H), 7.51- 7.32 (m, 2H) Step 2: Preparation of Intermediate 2-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-ethylamine (I-3b)

(I-3b)

Using analogous reaction conditions and workup as described in Example 1 , step 2, l-bromo-4-(2-nitro-vinyl)-benzene fl-3a: 10.5g, 0.046055mmol) in dry THF (1 OOmL) was reacted with LAH (3.4g, 0.0921 Ommol) in dry THF (1 OOmL) to afford 7.5g of the crude product which was used in the next step without further purification.

Ή NMR (CDCI3, 300 MHz): δ 7.79-6.90 (m, 4H), 3.15-2.58 (m, 4H).

LCMS purity: 82.92%, m/z = 199.9 (M+l) Step 3: Preparation of Intermediate [2-(4-Bromo-Dhenyl)-ethyl]-carbamic acid ethyl ester (I-3c)

(I-3c)

Using analogous reaction conditions and workup as described in Example 1 , step 3, 2-(4-bromo-phenyl)-ethylamine (I-3b: 7.5g, 0.0372mmol) in chloroform (60mL) was reacted with chloro ethyl formate (4.3mL, 0.045 lmmol) and 2N Na ₂ C0 ₃ solution (60mL) to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (10% ethylacetate in hexane) afforded 5. lg of the product (50% yield).

1H NMR (CDCI3, 300 MHz): δ 7.62-6.84 (m, 4H), 4.80-4.43 (br s, 1H), 4.40- 3.78 (m, 2H), 3.55-3.18 (m, 2H), 2.7 (t, 2H), 1.2 (t, 3H)

Step 4: Preparation of Intermediate 7-Bromo-3,4-dihvdro-2H-isoquinolin-l-one (I- m

(I-3d)

Using analogous reaction conditions and workup as described in Example 1, step 4, [2-(4-bromo-phenyl)-ethyl]-carbamic acid ethyl ester (I-3c: 5g, 0.01838mmol) in POCI3 (20mL) was reacted with P ₂ 0 ₅ (5.2g, 0.03676mmol) to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (50% ethylacetate in hexane) afforded 500mg of the product (12% yield).

LCMS: m/z = 228.1 (M+2)

Step 5: Preparation of Intermediate 7-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-3.4-dihvdro-2H- isoquinoHn-l-one (l-3e)

(I-3e)

1M Na ₂ C03 (21 1.8mg, 2.0175mmol) was added to a mixture of ethanol (lOmL) and toluene (lOmL) previously degassed with argon for 30 minutes. The reaction mixture was degassed with argon for a further 20 minutes. This was followed by the addition of 7-bromo-3,4-dihydro-2H-isoquinolin-l-one (I-3e: 200mg,

0.87719mmol), (4-fluoro-phenyl)-dihydroxy-borane (245mg, 1 ,7543mmol) and

Pd(PPh ₃ ) ₄ (20.2mg, 0.01754mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at 1 10°C for 5 hours. The reaction was monitored by TLC (50% ethylacetate in hexane). The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (40% ethylacetate in hexane) afforded 200mg of the product (94.7% yield).

LCMS: m/z = 242.0 (M+l) Preparation of 7-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-2-(4-methyl-i>widin-3-yl)-3.4-dihydro -2H- isoquinolin-l-one (3A)

Using analogous reaction conditions as described in example 1 , 7-(4-fluoro- phenyI)-3,4-dihydro-2H-isoquinolin-l-one (lOOmg, 0.4132mmol) was reacted with 3- iodo-4-methyl-pyridine (108.5mg, 0.4958mmol), 1, 4-dioxane (25mL), copper iodide (2.8mg, 0.01432mmol), trans-N,N'-dimethyl-cyclohexyl-l,2-diamine (14.2mg,

0.1239mmol) and potassium phosphate (219.2mg, 1.0330mmol) to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (2% methanol in

CHCI3), followed by preparative HPLC afforded 15mg of the product (11.1% yield).

1H NMR (CDCI3, 300 MHz): δ 8.72-8.17 (m, 3H), 7.86-6.96 (m, 7H), 4.25- 3.98 (m, 1H), 3.95-3.60 (m, 1H), 3.45-3.02 (m, 2H), 2.32 (s, 3H)

LCMS purity: 98.34%, m/z - 333.1 (M+l)

HPLC: 98.89%

Example 4

Preparation of 2-(4-Methyl-pyridin-3-yl)-7-trifluoromethyl-3, 4-dihvdro-2H- isoguinolin-l-one (4A)

(4A) Step 1: Preparation of Intermediate l-(2-Nitro-vinyl)-4-trifluoromethyl-benzene (I-

4al

(I-4a)

Using analogous reaction conditions and workup as described in Example 1 , step 1, 4-trifluoromethyl-benzaldehyde (3g, 17.24mmol) in ethanol (50mL) was reacted with nitro methane (1.052g, 17.24mmol) and ION NaOH (724mg,

18.10mmol) to afford 2.5g of the product (67.56% yield).

'H NMR (DMSO-D ₆ , 300 MHz): δ 8.45-8.30 (m, 1H), 8.28-8.15 (m, 1H), 8.08 (d, 2H), 7.85 (d, 2H)

Step 2: Preparation of Intermediate 2-(4-Trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-ethylamine (l-4b)

(I-4b)

Using analogous reaction conditions and workup as described in Example 1 , step 2, 1 -(2-nitro-vinvlV4-trifluoromethyl-benzene (I-4a: 2.5g, 1 1.52mmol) was reacted with LAH (856mg, 23.04mmol) in dry THF (50mL) to afford 2.1g of the product (96.77%).

LCMS: m/z = 189.9 (M+I)

Step 3: Preparation of Intermediate [2-(4-Trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-ethyl]-carbamic acid ethyl ester (I-4c)

(I-4c)

Using an analogous procedure and workup as described in Example 1, step 3, 2-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-ethylamine (Mb: 1.5g, 7.94mmol) in chloroform (1 OmL) was reacted with chloro ethyl formate (1.097g, 9.5mmol) and 2N Na ₂ C0 ₃ solution (5mL) at 0°C. The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (10% ethylacetate in hexane) afforded 700mg of the product (33.78% yield).

1H NMR (DMSO-D ₆ , 300 MHz): δ 7.78-7.56 (m, 2H), 7.56-7.34 (m, 2H), 7.2- 7.0 (m, 1H), 4.10-3.72 (m, 2H), 3.3-3.1 (m, 2H), 2.78 (t, 2H), 1.1 (t, 3H)

Step 4: Preparation of Intermeidate 7-Trifluoromethyl-3,4-dihvdro-2H-isoquinolin-l- one (I-4d)

(I-4d)

Using an analogous procedure and workup as described in Example 1, step 4, t2-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-ethyl]-carbamic acid ethyl ester (Mc: 700mg,

2.68mmol) in POCl ₃ (5mL) was reacted with P ₂ 0 ₅ (756mg, 5.36mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at 105°C for 2 hours to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel ( 10% ethylacetate in hexane) afforded 120mg of the product (20.83% yield).

LCMS: m/z = 216.2 (M+l)

Preparation of 2-(4-Methyl-pyridin-3-yl)- 7-trifluoromethyl-3.4-dihydro-2H- isoquinolin-l-one (4A)

Using analogous reaction conditions as described in Example 1, 7- trifluoromethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-isoquinolin-l-one (I-4d: 120mg, 0.558mmol) was reacted with 3-iodo-4-methyl-pyridine (134mg, 0.613mmol), 1, 4-dioxane (5mL), copper iodide (10.6mg, 0.0558mmol), trafw-N,N'-dimethyl-cyclohexyl- 1,2 -diamine (23.7mg, 0.167mmol) and potassium phosphate (354mg, 1.674mmol) to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (2% methanol in CHC1 ₃ ), followed by preparative HPLC afforded 20mg of the product (1 1.71% yield).

1H NMR (CDCI3, 300 MHz): δ 8.64-8.26 (m, 3H), 7.74 (d, 1H), 7.54-7.36 (m,

2H), 4.19-3.93 (m, 1H), 3.92-3.70 (m, 1H), 3.4-3.1 (m, 2H), 2.3 (s, 3H)

LCMS purity: 98.68%, m/z = 307.0 (M+l)

HPLC: 98.02% Example 5

Preparation of 6-(4-Methyl-pyridin-3-yl)-S.6-dihvdro-4H-thieno[2, 3-clpyridin- 7 -one mi-

(5A) Step 1: Preparation of intermediate 3-(2~Nitro-yinyl)-thiophene (1-5 a)

(I-Sa)

Using an analogous reaction procedure and workup as described in Example 1 , step 1 , thiophene-3-carbaldehyde (3g, 26.78mmol) in ethanol (50mL) was reacted with nitro methane (1.45mL, 26.78mmol) and ION NaOH (3.5mL, 28.1 lmmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at 0°C for 1.30 hours to afford 3g of the product (72.28% yield).

Ή NMR (CDC1 ₃ , 300 MHz): δ 8.10-7.93 (m, 1H), 7.80-7.65 (m, 1H), 7.59- 7.36 (m, 2H), 7.36-7.15 (m, 1H)

Step 2: Preparation of Intermediate 2-Thiophen-3-yl-ethylamine (I-5b)

(l-5b)

Using analogous reaction conditions and workup as described in Example 1, step 2, 3-(2-nitro-vinyl)-thiophene (I-5a: 3g, 19.35mmol) in dry THF (25mL) was reacted with LAH (2.14g, 58.05mmol) in dry THF (25mL) to afford 1.7g of the product (69.19%).

1H NMR (CDC1 ₃ , 300 MHz): δ 7.36-7.21 (m, 1H), 7.04-6.88 (m, 2H), 3.05- 2.90 (m, 2H), 2.90-2.65 (m, 2H)

Step 3: Preparation of Intermediate (2-Thiophen-3-yl-ethyl)-carbamic acid ethyl ester (I-5c)

(I-5c)

Using an analogous procedure and workup as described in Example 1 , 2- thiophen-3-yl-ethylamine (I-5b: 1.7g, 13.38mmol) in chloroform (lOmL) was reacted with chloro ethyl formate (1.6mL, 16.73mmol) and 2N Na ₂ C0 ₃ solution (lOmL) at 0°C. The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (6% ethylacetate in hexane) afforded 1.lg of the product (41.35% yield).

1H NMR (CDCI3, 300 MHz): δ 7.40-7.15 (m, 1 H), 7.08-6.84 (m, 2H), 4.80- 4.56 (br s, 1H), 4.1 (q, 2H), 3.42 (q, 2H), 2.82 (t, 2H), 1.23 (t, 3H)

Step 4: Preparation of Intermediate 5.6-Dihvdro-4H-thieno[2,3-c]pyridin-7-one (I-

(I-5d)

Using an analogous procedure and workup as described in Example 1, (2- thiophen-3-yl-ethyl)-carbamic acid ethyl ester (I-5c: 1.1 g, 5.527mmol) in POCI3

(lOmL) was reacted with P ₂ 0 ₅ (1.6g, 1 1.05mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at 110°C for 3hours to afford the crude product. Purification by column

chromatography on silica gel (1.5% methanol in DCM) afforded 280mg of the product (33.13% yield).

1H NMR (CDCI3, 300 MHz): δ 7.5 (d, 1H), 6.96 (d, 1H), 6.09-5.80 (br s, 1H), 3.72-3.49 (m, 2H), 2.92 (t, 2H)

LCMS purity: 83.21%, m/z = 154.0 (M+l)

Preparation of 6-{4-Methyl-pyridin-3-yl)~5, 6-dihvdro-4H-thienof2.3-clpwidin- 7 -one mi

Using analogous reaction conditions as described in example 1, 5,6-dihydro- 4H-thieno[2,3-c]pyridin-7-one (I-5d: 130mg, 0.849mmol) was reacted with 3-iodo-4- methyl-pyridine (185mg, 0.849mmol), 1, 4-dioxane (5mL), copper iodide (16mg, 0.0849mmol), iraws-N,N'-dimethyl-cyclohexyl-l,2-diamine (0.04mL, 0.254mmol) and potassium phosphate (538mg, 2.54mmol) to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (1% methanol in CHCI3) afforded 105mg of the product (51.4% yield). 1H NMR (CDCI3, 300 MHz): δ 8.62-8.21 (m, 2H), 7.56 (d, 1H), 7.40-7.13 (m, 1H), 7.0 (d, 1H), 4.2-4.0 (m, 1H), 3.95-3.71 (m, 1H), 3.26-3.00 (m, 2H), 2.3 (s, 3H) LCMS purity: 99.2%, m/z - 245.1 (M+l)

HPLC: 96.28%

Example 6

Preparation of 6-Pyridin-3-yl-5,6-dihvdro-4H-thienof2.3-cjDyridin-7-one (6A):

(6A)

Using analogous reaction conditions as described in example 1 , 5,6-dihydro-4H- thieno[2,3-c]pyridin-7-one (I-5d: 1 l Omg, 0.718mmol) was reacted with 3-bromo- pyridine (136mg, 0.861mmol), 1, 4-dioxane (5mL), copper iodide (13.5mg,

0.071mmol), tram-N,N'-dimethyl-cyclohexyl-l,2-diamine (0.033mL, 0.215mmol) and potassium phosphate (456mg, 2.15mmol) to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (1% methanol in DCM) afforded 65mg of the product (39.3% yield).

'H NMR (CDC1 ₃ , 300 MHz): δ 8.74-8.59 (m, 1H), 8.58-8.38 (m, 1H), 7.88- 7.70 (m, 1H), 7.7-7.5 (d, 1H), 7.49-7.30 (m, 1H), 7.0 (d, 1H), 4.1 (t, 2H), 3.1 (t, 2H) LCMS purity: 98.04%, m/z = 230.9 (M+l)

HPLC: 95.87%

Example 7

Preparation of 5-{4-MethvI-pyridw-3-yl)-6, 7-dihvdro-5H-thieno[3,2-c]pyridin-4-one <7A):

(7A)

Step 1: Preparation of Intermediate 2-(2-Nitro-viwl)-thiophene (1-7 a)

(I-7a)

Sodium acetate (3.6g, 43.90mmol) and methylamine hydrochloride (3.01g, 44.57mmol) were added to a stirred solution of thiophene-2-carbaldehyde (5g, 44.64mmol) in methanol (95.64mL). This was followed by dropwise addition of nitro methane ( 108.08g, 1770.14mmol) over a period of 5 minutes. The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The reaction was monitored by TLC (10% ethylacetate in hexane). The reaction mixture was partitioned between water and DCM. The organic layer was washed with water, brine solution, dried over Na ₂ S0 ₄ and concentrated. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (5% ethylacetate in hexane) afforded lg of the product (15% yield).

1H NMR (CDC1 ₃ , 300 MHz): δ 8.16 (d, 1H), 7.56 (d, 1H), 7.54-7.40 (m, 2H), 7.22-7.30 (m, 1H) Step 2: Preparation of Intermediate 2-Thiophen-2-yl-ethylamine (I-7b)

(I-7b)

Using analogous reaction conditions and workup as described in Example 1, step 2, 2-(2-nitro-vinyl)-thiophene (I- 7a: 1.5g, 9.677mmol) in dry THF (15mL) was reacted with LAH (730mg, 19.210mmol) in dry THF (15mL) to afford 1.2g of the crude product which was used in the next step without further purification.

Step 3: Preparation o f Intermediate (2-Thiophen-2-yl-ethyl)-carbamic acid ethyl ester (1-7 c)

(I-7c)

Using an analogous procedure and workup as described in Example 1, step 3, 2-thiophen-2-yl-ethylamine (I-7b: 1.2g, 9.448mmol) in chloroform (15mL) was reacted with chloro ethyl formate (1.22g, 11.296mmol) and 2N Na ₂ C0 ₃ solution (1.12g, 10.66mmol) at 0°C. The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (10% ethylacetate in hexane) afforded lOOmg of the product (10% yield).

1H NMR (CDC1 ₃ , 300 MHz): δ 7.2-7.1 (m, 1H), 7.0-6.9 (m, 1H), 6.9-6.79 (m, 1H), 4.9-4.7 (br s, 1H), 4.1 (q, 2H), 3.44 (q, 2H), 3.02 (t, 2H), 1.22 (t, 3H)

Step 4: Preparation of Intermediate 6 -Dihvdro-5H-thienof3,2-cJpyridin-4-one (I- 7d)

(I-7d)

Using an analogous procedure and workup as described in Example 1 , step 4, (2-thiophen-2-yl-ethyl)-carbamic acid ethyl ester (I-7c: 800mg, 3.50887mmol) in POCI3 (lOmL) was reacted with P ₂ 0 ₅ (996mg, 7.0175mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at 110°C for 4 hours to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (2% methanol in CHCI3) afforded 180mg of the product (33.5% yield).

Ή NMR (CDCI3, 300 MHz): δ 7.45 (d, 1H), 7.13 (d, 1H), 5.9-5.7 (br s, 1H), 3.7-3.6 (m, 2H), 3.1 (t, 2H)

LCMS purity: 98.63%, m/z = 154.1 (M+l)

Preparation of 5-(4-Methyl-pyridin-3-yl)-6, 7-dihvdro-5H-thienof3,2-c]pyridin-4-one (2ΛΪ

Using analogous reaction conditions as described in example 1, 6,7-dihydro- 5H-thieno[3,2-c]pyridin-4-one (I-7d: lOOmg, 0.6527mmol) was reacted with 3-iodo- 4-methyl-pyridine (171.5mg, 0.7832mmol), 1, 4-dioxane (20mL), copper iodide (9.7mg, 0.0652mmol), fra/M-N,N'-dimethyl-cyclohexyl-l,2-diamine (27.8mg, 0.l958mmol) and potassium phosphate (346.3mg, 1.6318mmol) to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (2% methanol in

CHCI3) afforded 90mg of the product (56.2% yield). 'H NMR (DMSO-D ₆ , 300 MHz): δ 8.61-8.30 (m, 2H), 7.45 (d, 1H), 7.44-7.28 (m, 2H), 4.18-4.00 (m, 1H), 3.90-3.72 (m, 1H), 3.25 (t, 2H), 2.2 (s, 3H)

LCMS purity: 94.19%, m/z = 244.9 (M+l)

HPLC: 94.16%

Example 8

Preparation of 5-Pyridin-3-yl-6, 7-dihydro-5H-thieno[3,2-c]pyridin-4-one (8A):

(8A)

Using analogous reaction conditions as described in Example 1, 6,7-dihydro- 5H-thieno[3,2-c]pyridin-4-one (I-7d: 80mg, 0.5221mmol) was reacted with 3-bromo- pyridine (99mg, 0.6266mmol), 1, 4-dioxane (15mL), copper iodide (9.9mg,

0.05221mmol), trans-N,N'-dimethyl-cyclohexyl-l,2-diamine (22.2mg, 0.15667mmol) and potassium phosphate (277. lmg, 1.3054mmol) to afford the crude product.

Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (1% methanol in DCM) afforded 60mg of the product (50% yield).

Ή NMR (DMSO-D ₆ , 300 MHz): δ 9.03-8.21 (m, 2H), 7.82 (d, 1H), 7.64-7.16 (m, 3H), 4.25-3.96 (t, 2H), 3.40-3.15 (t, 2H)

LCMS purity: 97.99%, m/z = 231.0 (M+l)

HPLC: 98.24%

Example 9

Preparation of 2-(4-Methyl-pyridin-3-yl)-3, 4-dihydro-2H-benzo[4, 5]thieno[3, 2- cjpyridin-l-one (9A):

(9A)

Step 1: Preparation of Intermediate 2-(2-Nitro-vinyl)-benzo[b]thiophene (I-9a)

(I-9a)

Using an analogous reaction procedure and workup as described in Example 1 , step 1, benzo[b]thiophene-2-carbaIdehyde (2.1 g, 0.012mol) in ethanol (lOOmL) was reacted with nitro methane (0.7mL, 0.012mol) and ION NaOH (0.51g, 0.012mol). The resulting mixture was stirred at 0°C for lhr to afford 2. lg of the product (84% yield).

1H NMR (CDCI3, 300 MHz): δ 8.30-8.19 (m, 1H), 7.90-7.78 (m, 2H), 7.7 (s, 1H), 7.56-7.34 (m, 3H) Step 2: Preparation of Intermediate 2-Ben∑o[blthiophen-2-yl-ethylamine (I-9b)

(I-9b)

Using analogous reaction conditions and workup as described in Example 1 , step 2, 2-(2-nitro-vinyl)-benzo[b]thiophene (L9a: 2.1g, O.OlOmol) in dry THF (30mL) was reacted with LAH (0.81 g, 0.021 mol) in dry THF (20mL) to afford 1.6g of the product (87.91% yield).

LCMS: m/z = 178.0 (M+l)

Step 3: Preparation of Intermediate (2-BenzofblthioOhen-2-yl-ethyl)-carbamic acid ethyl ester (I-9c)

(I-9c)

Using an analogous procedure and workup as described in Example 1 , step 3, 2-beiizo[b]thiophen-2-yl-ethylamine (I-9b: 1.6g, 0.0090mol) in chloroform (30mL) was reacted with chloro ethyl formate (1.17g, O.OlOmol) and 2N Na ₂ C0 ₃ solution (1.13g, 0.01 Omol) at 0°C. The resulting mixture was stirred at 0°C for lhr to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (8% ethylacetate in hexane) afforded 1.2g of the product (54.5% yield). Ή NMR (CDCI3, 300 MHz): δ 7.86-7.62 (m, 2H), 7.40-7.22 (m, 2H), 7.06 (s, 1H), 5.0-4.7 (br s, 1H), 4.30-3.98 (q, 2H), 3.7-3.4 (q, 2H), 3.1 (t, 2H), 1.2 (t, 3H)

Step 4: Preparation of Intermediate 3, 4-Dihydro-2H-ben∑of 4, 5 lthieno[3.2-c pwidin- 1-one (l-9d)

(I-9d)

Using an analogous procedure and workup as described in Example 1 , step 4, (2-benzo[b]thiophen-2-yl-ethyl)-carbamic acid ethyl ester (I-9c: l.lg, 0.028mol) in POCI3 (15mL) was reacted with P ₂ 0 ₅ (1.37g, 0.0097mol). The resulting mixture was stirred at 105°C for 3 hours to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (40% ethylacetate in hexane) afforded 0.15g of the product (16.88% yield).

^L H NMR (CDCl ₃ , 300 MHz): 6 8.62 (d, 1H), 7.8 (d, 1H), 7.59-7.30 (m, 2H), 5.90-5.65 (br s, 1H), 3.79-3.65 (m, 2H), 3.18 (t, 2H)

LCMS purity: 95.05%, m z = 204.0 (M+l)

Preparation of 2-(4-Methyl-pyridin~3-yl)-3, 4-dihydro-2H-benzof4,5]thienof3.2- cjpyridin- 1-one (9A)

Using analogous reaction conditions as described in Example 1, 3,4-dihydro-

2H-benzot4,5]thieno[3,2-c]pyridin- 1-one (I-9d: 0.15g, 0.0007mol) was reacted with 3-iodo-4-methyl -pyridine (0.178g, 0.0008mol), 1, 4-dioxane (50mL), copper iodide (0.014g, 0.00007mol), /ra>w-l,2-diamino cyclohexane (0.03g, 0.0002mol) and potassium phosphate (0.39g, 0.0018mol) to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (1.5% methanol in CHCI3) afforded 90mg of the product (39.13% yield).

1H NMR (CDCI3, 300 MHz): δ 8.62 (d, 1H), 8.52 (s, 1H), 8.46 (d, 1H), 7.83 (d, 1H), 7.52-7.34 (m, 2H), 7.25 (s, 1H), 4.3-4.1 (m, 1H), 4.0-3.84 (m, 1H), 3.50-3.28 (m, 2H), 2.35 (s, 3H)

LCMS purity: 99.56%, m/z = 295.0 (M+l)

HPLC: 98.59% Example 10

Preparation of 2-(4-Methyl-pyridin-3-yl)-3.4-dihvdro-2H~ben∑o[h]isoQuinol in-l-one

(WAX:

(10A)

Step 1; Preparation of Intermediate 2-(2-Nitro-vinyl)-naphthalene (I-lOa)

(I- 10a)

Using an analogous reaction procedure and workup as described in Example 1 , step 1 , naphthalene-2-carbaldehyde (3g, 19.20mmol) in ethanol (35mL) was reacted with nitro methane (1.17g, 19.49mmol) and 10N NaOH (0.807g, 20.17mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at 0°C for 1 hour to afford 3.2g of the product (84.21% yield).

'H NMR (CDC1 ₃ , 300 MHz): δ 8.28-8.10 (m, 1H), 8.10-7.99 (br s, 1H), 7.98- 7.79 (m, 3H), 7.98-7.45 (ra, 4H)

Step 2: Preparation of Intermediate 2-Naphthalen-2-yl-ethyiamine (I- 10b)

(I- 10b)

Using analogous reaction conditions and workup as described in Example 1 , step 2, 2-(2-nitro-vinyl)-naphthalene (I- 10a: 3g, 15.00mmol) in dry THF (15mL) was reacted with LAH (1.14g, 30.00mmol) in dry THF (15mL) to afford 3.2g of the crude product which was used in the next step without further purification.

'H NMR (CDC1 ₃₎ 300 MHz): δ 7.94-7.70 (m, 3H), 7.70-7.58 (s, 1H), 7.58- 7.30 (m, 3H), 3.04 (t, 2H), 2.9 (t, 2H) Step 3: Preparation of Intermediate (2-Naphthalen-2-yl-ethyl)-carbamic acid ethyl ester fl-lOc)

(I- 10c)

Using an analogous procedure and workup as described in Example 1, step 3, 2-naphthalen-2-yl-ethylamine (I- 10b: 2.4g, 14.03mmol) in chloroform (25mL) was reacted with chloro ethyl formate (1.8g, 16.75mmol) and 2N Na ₂ C0 ₃ solution (1.76g, 16.75mmol) at 0°C. The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (20% ethylacetate in hexane) afforded 1.4g of the product (41.17% yield).

Ή NMR (CDC1 ₃ , 300 MHz): δ 7.99-7.71 (m, 3H), 7.65 (s, 1H), 7.56-7.28 (m, 3H), 4.85-4.49 (br s, 1H), 4.1 (q, 2H), 3.5 (q, 2H), 3.0 (t, 2H), 1.21 (t, 3H) Step 4: Preparation of Intermediate 3,4-Dihvdro-2H-benzofhlisoquinolin-l-one (I- Wd)

(I-10d)

Using an analogous procedure and workup as described in Example 1 , step 4, (2-naphthalen-2-yl-ethyl)-carbamic acid ethyl ester (I-10c: 1.3g, 5.349mmol) in

POCI3 (16mL) was reacted with P ₂ 0 ₅ (1 ,58g, 11.205mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at 110°C for 3 hours to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (20% ethylacetate in hexane) afforded 415mg of the product (40% yield).

1H NMR (CDC1 ₃ , 300 MHz): δ 9.4 (d, 1H), 8.06-7.75 (m, 2H), 7.69-7.40 (m,

2H), 7.33 (d, 1H), 6.5-6.26 (br s, 1H), 3.68-3.48 (m, 2H), 3.12 (t, 2H)

Preparation o f 2-(4-Methyl'pyridin-3-yl)-3, 4-dihydro-2H-benzo[h]isoquinolin' 1 -one aui Using analogous reaction conditions as described in Example 1 , 3,4-dihydro- 2H-benzo[h]isoquinolin-l-one (I-10d: 200mg, 1.015mmol) was reacted with 3-iodo- 4-methyl-pyridine (266mg, 1.214mmol), 1, 4-dioxane (15mL), copper iodide (19mg, O. lOmmol), trans-N,N'-dimethyl-cycIohexyl- 1,2 -diamine (43 mg, 0.302mmol) and potassium phosphate (538mg, 2.53mmol) to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (1% methanol in CHC1 ₃ ) afforded 162mg of the product (55.47% yield).

Ή NMR (CDCI3, 300 MHz): 6 9.34 (d, 1H), 8.69-8.34 (m, 2H), 8.10-7.74 (m, 2H), 7.71-7.46 (m, 2H), 7.45-7.16 (m, 2H), 4.20-3.93 (m, 1H), 3.92-3.67 (m, 1H), 3.50-3.12 (m, 2H), 2.36 (s, 3H)

LCMS purity: 99.93%, m/z = 288.7 (M+l)

HPLC: 97.65%

Example 11

Preparation of 6~Methoxy-2-(4-methyl-pyridin-3-yl)-3.4-dihydro-2H-isoquinol in-l- one (11 A) and 6-Hvdroxy~2~(4-methyl-pyridin-3-yl)-3 ~dihvdro-2H-isoquinolin-l~ one fl IB):

(11 A) (11B)

Step 1: Preparation of Intermediate l-Methoxy-3-(2-nitro-vmyl)-benzene (1-1 la)

(I-l la)

Using an analogous reaction procedure and workup as described in Example 1, step 1, 3-methoxy-benzaldehyde (16.0g, 118.518mmol) in ethanol (160mL) was reacted with nitro methane (7.0mL, 1 18.518mmol) and 10N NaOH (4.7g,

1 18.518mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at 0°C for 4 hours to afford 10.5g of the product (49% yield). 'H NMR (CDCI3, 300 MHz): δ 8.1-7.9 (d, 1H), 7.7-7.5 (d, 1H), 7.49-7.30 (m, 1H), 7.15 (d, 1H), 7.10-6.99 (m, 2H), 3.82 (s, 3H)

Step 2: Preparation of Intermediate 2-(3-Methoxy-phenyl)-ethylamine (l-llb)

(I I l )

Using analogous reaction conditions and workup as described in Example 1 , step 2, l-methoxy-3-(2-nitro-vinyl)-benzene (I- 11 a: 10.5g, 58.659mmol) in dry THF (1 lOmL) was reacted with LAH (6.68g, 175.97mmol) to afford 6.5g of the product (73% yield).

Ή NMR (CDC1 ₃ , 300 MHz): δ 7.32-7.00 (m, 2H), 6.86-6.54 (m, 4H), 3.90- 3.55 (s, 3H), 2.9 (t, 2H), 2.65 (t, 2H)

Step 3: Preparation of Intermediate [2-(3-Methoxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-carbamic acid ethyl ester (1-1 lc)

(I-l lc)

Using an analogous procedure and workup as described in Example 1, step 3, 2-(3-methoxy-phenyl)-ethylamine (I-l lb: 6.5g, 43.046mmol) in chloroform (65mL) was reacted with chloro ethyl formate (4.91mL, 51.655mmol) and 2N Na ₂ C0 ₃ solution (65mL) at 0°C. The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hours to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (10% ethylacetate in hexane) afforded 6.2g of the product (68% yield).

H NMR (CDC1 ₃ , 300 MHz): δ 7.43-7.10 (m, 1H), 6.92-6.52 (m, 3H), 4.89- 4.55 (m, 1H), 4.3-4.0 (m, 2H), 3.8 (s, 3H), 3.56-3.29 (m, 2H), 2.8 (t, 2H), 1.4-1.1 (m,

3H)

Step 4: Preparation of Intermediate 6-Methoxy-3,4-dihvdro-2H-isoquinolm-l-one (I- lld)

(I-l ld)

Using an analogous procedure and workup as described in Example 1, step 4, [2-(3-methoxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-carbamic acid ethyl ester (I-l lc: 6.2g, 29.5238mmol) in POCl ₃ (62mL) was reacted with P ₂ 0 ₅ (8.38g, 59.047mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at 120°C for 1 hour to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (2% methanol in DCM) afforded 0.400g of the product (7.6% yield).

LCMS purity: 100%, m/z = 178.0 (M+l)

Preparation of 6-Methoxy-2-(4-methvI-pyridin-3-vI)-3.4-dihvdro-2H-isoauinol in~l- one (11 A):

(1 1 A)

Using analogous reaction conditions as described in Example 1 , 6-methoxy-

3,4-dihydro-2H-isoquinolin-l-one (M id: 0.400g, 2.2471mmol) was reacted with 3- iodo-4-methyl-pyridine (0.492g, 2.247 lmmol), 1, 4-dioxane (40mL), copper iodide (0.042g, 0.2247mmol), tra/w-N,N'-dimethyl-cyclohexyl-l,2-diamine (0.095g, 0.6741mmol) and potassium phosphate (1.190g, 5.6177mmol) to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (80% ethylacetate in hexane) afforded 0.320g of the product (53% yield).

1H NMR (CDCI3, 300 MHz): δ 8.51-8.36 (m, 1H), 8.09 (d, 1H), 7.26-7.20 (m, 2H), 6.9 (dd, 1H), 6.80-6.72 (m, 1H), 4.15-3.95 (m, 1H), 3.89 (s, 3H), 3.82-3.64 (m, 1H), 3.3-3.0 (m, 2H), 2.3 (s, 3H)

Preparation of 6~Hydroxy-2-(4-methyl-pyridin-3-yl)-3, 4-dihvdro-2H-isoquinolin~l- one (1 IB)

(11B)

Boran tri-bromide (0.68mL, 0.6715mmol) was added dropwise to a solution of 6-methoxy-2-(4-methyl-pyridin-3-yl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-isoquinol in- 1 -one (HA:

0.120g, 0.4477 mmol) in DCM (2mL) at -78°C over a period of 5 minutes under nitrogen atmosphere. The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 hours. The reaction was monitored by TLC (80% ethylacetate in hexane). Since unreacted starting material was observed, a further 1.5 equivalents of boran tri- bromide (0.68mL, 0.6715mmol) was added and stirring was continued for a further 3 hours at room temperature. Methanol and saturated NaHC0 ₃ were added to the reaction mixture and diluted with DCM. The organic layer was dried over Na ₂ S0 ₄ and concentrated. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (80% ethylacetate in hexane), followed by preparative TLC afforded 0.01 lg of the product (9.7% yield).

1H NMR (CDC1 ₃ , 300 MHz): δ 8.60-8.31 (m, 2H), 7.95 (d, 1H), 7.4-7.1 (m, 1H), 6.91-6.58 (m, 2H), 4.11-3.86 (m, 1H), 3.86-3.62 (m, 1H), 3.5 (s, 1H), 3.30-2.92 (m, 2H), 2.3 (s, 3H)

LCMS purity: 100%, m/z = 255.0 (M+l)

HPLC: 94.53% Example 12

Preparation of 5-Chloro-2-(4-methyl^yridin-3-yl)-3A-dihydro-2H-isoquinolin- l-om am-

(12A)

Step 1: Preparation of Intermediate l-Chloro-2-{2-nitro-vinyl)-benzene (I-12a)

(I-12a)

Using an analogous reaction procedure and workup as described in Example 1 , step 1, 2-chloro-benzaldehyde (5g, 35.7142mmol) in ethanol (161mL) was reacted with nitro methane (1.93mL, 35.7142mmol) and ION NaOH (1.35g, 33.9607mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at 0°C for lhr to afford 4.5g of the product (75.73% yield).

1H NMR (CDC1 ₃ , 300 MHz): δ 8.4 (d, 1H), 7.72-7.27 (m, 5H) Step 2: Preparation of Intermediate 2-(2-Chloro-phenyl)-ethylamine (I-12b)

(I- 12b)

Using analogous reaction conditions and workup as described in Example 1 , step 2, l-chloro-2-(2-nitro-vinyl)-benzene (1-12a: 4.5g, 24.5901mmol) in dry THF (50mL) was reacted with LAH ( 1.86g, 49.1803mmol) in dry THF (50mL) to afford 2.6g of the crude product which was used in the next step without further purification.

Step 3: Preparation of Intermediate [2-C2-Chloro-vhenyl)-ethylJ-carbamic acid ethyl ester (I- 12c)

(I-12c)

Using an analogous procedure and workup as described in Example 1, step 3, 2-(2-chloro-phenyl)-ethylamine CI- 12b: 3g, 0.0193mmol) in chloroform (30mL) was reacted with chloro ethyl formate (2.50g, 0.023mmol) and 2N Na ₂ C0 ₃ solution (30mL) at 0°C. The resulting mixture was stirred at 5°C for 2hours to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (15% ethylacetate in hexane) afforded 1 ,62g of the product (37.2% yield).

1H NMR (CDCI3, 300 MHz): 6 7.44-7.08 (m, 4H), 4.85-4.57 (br s, 1H), 4.1 (q, 2H), 3.42 (q, 2H), 2.92 (t, 2H), 1.22 (t, 3H)

Step 4: Preparation of Intermediate 5-Chloro-3,4-dihvdro-2H-isoquinolin-l-one (1-

I2d)

(I-12d)

Using an analogous procedure and workup as described in Example 1 , step 4, [2-(2-chloro-phenyl)-ethyl]-carbamic acid ethyl ester (I- 12c: 1.4g, 6.167mmol) in POCI3 (14mL) was reacted with P ₂ 0 ₅ (1.75g, 12.334mmol). The resulting mixture was heated to reflux for 1 hour to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (2% methanol in DCM) afforded lOOmg of the product (9% yield).

LCMS: m/z = 182.1 (M+l)

Preparation of 5-Chloro-2-(4-methv!-pyridin-3~yl)-3.4-dihvdro-2H-isoquinoli n-l-one (12A):

Using analogous reaction conditions as described in example 1, 5-chloro-3,4- dihydro-2H-isoquinolin-l-one (I-12d: lOOmg, 0.552mmol) was reacted with 3-iodo-4- methyl-pyridine (121mg, 0.552mmol), 1, 4-dioxane (6mL), copper iodide (10.5mg, 0.05 2mmol), frans-N,N'-dimethyl-cyclohexyl-l,2-diamine (23. lmg, 0.165mmol) and potassium phosphate (190.44mg, 1.38mmol) to afford the crude product.

Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (35% ethylacetate in hexane) afforded 28mg of the product (18% yield).

1H NMR (CDCI3, 300 MHz): 6 8.66-8.34 (m, 2H), 8.1 (d, 1H), 7.58 (d, 1H), 7.36 (t, 1H), 7.25 (s, 1H), 4.15-3.98 (m, 1H), 3.93-3.72 (m, 1H), 3.45-3.20 (m, 2H), 2.3 (s, 3H)

LCMS purity: 84.87%, m/z = 273.0 (M+l) HPLC: 88.42%

Example 13

Preparation of 5-Methoxy-2-(4-methyl-pyridin-3-yl)-3, 4-dihvdro-2H-isoquinoUn-l- one (13 A):

(13A)

Step 1: Preparation of Intermediate l-Methox -2-(2-nitro~vinyl)-benzene (1-I3a)

(I-13a)

Using the same reaction procedure and workup as described in Example 1 , step 1, 2-methoxy-benzaldehyde (5g, 36.7242mmol) in ethanol (166mL) was reacted with nitro methane (1.98mL, 36.7242mmol) and ION NaOH (1.39g, 34.9602mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at 0°C for lhr to afford 4.5 g of the product (83.89% yield).

Ή NMR (CDCI3, 300 MHz): δ 8.14 (d, 1H), 7.88 (d, 1H), 7.60-7.34 (m, 2H), 7.18-6.84 (m, 2H), 4.0 (s, 3H)

Step 2: Preparation of Intermediate 2-(2-Methox -phenyl)-ethylamine (1-13b)

(I- 13b)

Using analogous reaction conditions and workup as described in Example 1, step 2, l-methoxy-2-(2-nitro-vinyl)-benzene (I- 13 a: 4.5g, 25. l396mmol) in dry THF (50mL) was reacted with LAH (1.91g, 50.2793mmol) in dry THF (50mL) to afford 2.7g of the crude product which was used in the next step without further purification.

Step 3: Preparation of Intermediate [2~(2-Methoxy-phenyl)-ethvtf-carbamic acid ethyl ester (I- 13c)

(I- 13c)

Using the same procedure and workup as described in Example 1, step 3, 2-(2- methoxy-phenyl)-ethylamine (I- 13b: 3g, 0.019mmol) in chloroform (30mL) was reacted with chloro ethyl formate (2.57g, 0.023 mmol) and 2N Na ₂ C<¾ solution (30mL) at 0°C. The resulting mixture was stirred at 5°C for 1.30hours to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (8% ethylacetate in hexane) afforded 1.02g of the product (25.2% yield).

1H NMR (CDC1 ₃ , 300 MHz): δ 7.34-7.10 (m, 2H), 7.00-6.78 (m, 2H), 4.90- 4.68 (br s, 1H), 4.1 (q, 2H), 3.81 (s, 3H), 3.4 (q, 2H), 2.8 (t, 2H), 1.2 (t, 3H)

Step 4: Preparation of Intermediate 5-Methoxy-3,4-dihvdro-2H-isoquinolin-l-one (I- 13d)

(I-13d)

Using the same procedure and workup as described in example 1, step 4, [2- (2-methoxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-carbamic acid ethyl ester fl-13c: 0.9g, 0.0040mmol) in POCI3 (5mL) was reacted with P2O5 (1.19g, 0.0084mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at 110°C for 3 hours to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (1% methanol in CHCI3) afforded 90mg of the product (12.8% yield).

LCMS purity: 100%, m/z = 178.1 (M+l) Preparation of 5-Methoxy-2-(4-methyl-pyridin-3-yl)-3, 4-dihvdro-2H-isoquinolin-l- one (13A)

Using analogous reaction conditions as described in Example 1, 5-methoxy- 3,4-dihydro-2H-isoquinolin-l-one (1-13d: 0.09g, 0.5mmol) was reacted with 3-iodo- 4-methyl-pyridine (0.133g, 0.0006mol), 1 , 4-dioxane (30mL), copper iodide (0.0096g, O.OSmmol), fraws-N.N'-dimethyl-cyclohexyl-l^-diamine (0.021g, 0.13mmol) and potassium phosphate (0.269g, 0.0012mmol) to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (1% methanol in DCM), followed by preparative TLC afforded 5mg of the product (38.46% yield).

^J H NMR (CDCI3, 300 MHz): δ 8.70-8.25 (m, 2H), 7.78 (d, 1H), 7.37 (t, 1H), 7.25 (s, 1H), 7.06 (d, 1H), 4.10-3.96 (m, 1H), 3.9 (s, 3H), 3.83-3.65 (m, 1H), 3.32- 3.02 (m, 2H), 2.3 (s, 3H)

LCMS purity: 87.32%, m/z = 269.1 (M+l)

HPLC: 87.69%

Example 14

Preparation of 2-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-5-(4-methyl-pyridin-3-yl)-6, 7-dihydro-5H- thieno[3,2-c]pyridin-4-one (14A):

(14A)

Step 1: Preparation of Intermediate 2-Bromo-5-(2-nitro-vinyl)-thiophene (I- 14a)

(I- 14a)

Using analogous reaction conditions and workup as described in Example 1 , step 1, 5-bromo-thiophene-2-carbaldehyde (5g, 26.17mmol) in ethanol (lOOmL) was reacted with nitro methane (1.4mL, 26.17mmol) and 10N NaOH (1.4mL, 27.47mmol) to afford 3 g of the product (48.99% yield).

1H NMR (CDCI3, 300 MHz): δ 8.04 (d, 1H), 7.38 (d, 1H), 7.31-7.06 (m, 2H) Step 2: Preparation of Intermediate 2-(5-Bromo-thiophen-2-yl)-ethylamine (1-I4b)

(I-14b)

Dry THF (30mL) and chloro trimethyl silane (12.42mL, 98.24mmol) were added dropwise to L1BH ₄ (1.128g, 51.28mmol) over a period of 10 minutes under nitrogen atmosphere. This was followed by dropwise addition of 2-bromo-5-(2-nitro- vinyl)-thiophene (I- 14a: 3g, 12.82mmoi) in dry THF (30mL) over a period of 20 minutes and the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 48 hours. The reaction was monitored by TLC (10% methanol in CHCI3). The reaction mixture was quenched with methanol and concentrated to afford 6.2g of the crude product which was used in the next step without further purification.

1H NMR (DMSO-D6, 300 MHz): δ 9.0-8.5 (br s, 2H), 7.0 (d, 1H), 6.8 (d, 1H), 3.28-3.06 (m, 2H), 3.02-2.82 (m, 2H)

Step 3: Prepartion of Intermediate [2-(5-Bromo-thiophen-2-yl)-ethyll-carbamic acid ethyl ester (I- 14c)

(I- 14c)

Using the same procedure and workup as described in Example 1, step 3, 2-(5- bromo-thiophen-2-yl)-ethylamine (1-14b: 2.64g, 12.81mmol) in DCM (30mL) was reacted with chloro ethyl formate (1.53mL, 16.01mmol) and 2N Na ₂ C0 ₃ solution (30mL) at 0°C. The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (10% ethylacetate in hexane) afforded 2.7g of the product (66.17% yield).

1H NMR (CDCI3, 300 MHz): δ 6.88 (d, 1H), 6.58 (d, 1H), 4.95-4.61 (br s, 1H), 4.1 (q, 2H), 3.4 (q, 2H), 2.94 (t, 2H), 1.22 (t, 3H)

Step 4: Preparation of Intermediate 2-Bromo-6.7-dihvdro-5H-thieno[3,2-c]pyridin- 4-one (I-I4d)

(I-14d)

Using analogous reaction conditions and workup as described in example 1 , step 4, t2-(5-bromo-thiophen-2-yl)-ethyl]-carbamic acid ethyl ester (I- 14c: 2.7g, 9.8mmol) in POCl ₃ (20mL) was reacted with P ₂ 0 ₅ (2.7g, 19.64mmol) to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (0.5% methanol in DCM) afforded 850mg of the product (37.56% yield).

1H NMR (CDC1 ₃₎ 300 MHz): δ 7.39 (s, 1H), 6.10-5.95 (br s, 1H), 3.76-3.52 (m, 2H), 3.0 (t, 2H)

LCMS purity: 99.14%, m/z = 233.9 (M+2)

Step 5. Preparation of Intermediate 2-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-6, 7-dihvdro-5H-thieno[3.2- cJpyridin-4-one (1-I4e)

(I-14e)

(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-dihydroxy-borane (232mg, 1.66mmol) was added to a stirred suspension of 2-bromo-6,7-dihydro-5H-thieno[3,2-c]pyridin-4-one fl-14d: 300mg, 1.38 mmol) and Na ₂ C0 ₃ (211.8 mg, 2.0175 mmol) in toluene (20mL) and water (3mL) with continuous argon purging. This was followed by the addition of Pd(PPh ₃ ) ₄ (159mg, 0.138mmol) and the resulting mixture was stirred at 100°C overnight. The reaction was monitored by TLC (50% ethylacetate in hexane). The reaction mixture was filtered; the filtrate was washed with water, dried over Na ₂ S0 ₄ and concentrated. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (30% ethylacetate in hexane) afforded 300mg of the product (88% yield).

LCMS purity: 94.98%, m/z = 248.0 (M+l )

Preparation of 2-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-5-(4-methyl-pyridin-3-yl)-6, 7-dihydro-5H- thieno[3, 2-c]pyridin-4-one (14A) Using analogous reaction conditions as described in Example 1 , 2-(4-fluoro- phenyl)-6,7-dihydro-5H-thieno[3,2-c]pyridin-4-one (I-14e: 150mg, 0.61mmol) was reacted with 3-iodo-4-methyl-pyridine (133mg _} 0.61mmol), 1, 4-dioxane (lOmL), copper iodide (11.6mg, 0.061mmol), tmns-N,N'-dimethyl-cyclohexyl-l,2-diamine (25.98mg, 0.183mmol) and potassium phosphate (323.3mg, 1.525mmol) to afford the crude product which was treated with 6N HCl and filtered. The residue was washed with ethylacetate, neutralized with NaHC0 ₃ solution and extracted with ethylacetate. The organic layer was dried over Na ₂ S(>4 and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford 30mg of the product (14.56% yield).

1H NMR (CDC1 ₃ , 300 MHz): δ 8.56-8.34 (m, 2H), 7.68-7.46 (m, 3H), 7.25 (s,

1H), 7.18-7.02 (t, 2H), 4.30-4.02 (m, 1H), 4.00-3.74 (m, 1H), 3.42-3.04 (m, 2H), 2.32 (s, 3H)

LCMS purity: 100%, m/z = 339.1 (M+l)

HPLC: 86.14%

Example 15

Preparation of 3-(4-Fluoro-Dhenyl)-5-(4-methyl-pyridin-3-yl)-6, 7-dihvdro-5H- thieno[3, 2-c pyridin-4-one (15 A):

(15A)

Step I: Preparation of Intermediate 4-Bromo-2-(2-nitro-vinyl)-thiophene (I-I5a)

(I-15a)

Using analogous reaction conditions and workup as described in Example 1 , step 1 , 4-bromo-thiophene-2-carbaldehyde (5g, 0.02617mmol) in ethanol ( 1 OOmL) was reacted with nitro methane (1.7mL, 0.0327mmol) and 10N NaOH (1.09g, 0.274mmol) to afford 5g of the product (81.9% yield). Ή NMR (CDCI ₃ . 300 MHz): δ 8.04 (d, 1H), 7.52-7.40 (m, 2H), 7.34 (s, 1H) Step 2: Preparation of Intermediate 2-(4-Bromo-thiophen-2-yl)~ethylamine (I-15b) (I- 15b)

Using analogous reaction conditions and workup as described in Example 14, step 2, 4-bromo-2-(2-nitro-vinyl)-thiophene (5g, 21.367mmol) in dry THF (150mL) was reacted with L1BH4 (1.86g, 85.470mmol), chloro trimethyl silane (21.6mL, 170.576mmol) to afford 4.4g of the crude product which was used in the next step without further purification.

Step 3: Preparation of Intermediate [2-(4-Bromo-thiophen-2-yl)-ethyl]-carbamic acid ethyl ester (I- 15c)

(I- 15c)

Using the same procedure and workup as described in Example 1, step 3, 2-(4- bromo-thiophen-2-yl)-ethylamine d-1 b: 4.4g, 0.02125mmol) in chloroform (50mL) was reacted with chloro ethyl formate (2.1mL, 0.0265mmol) and 2N Na ₂ C03 solution (50mL). The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 hours to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (10% ethylacetate in hexane) afforded 5.5g of the product (93% yield).

LCMS purity: 96.99%, m/z = 277.8 (M+l)

Step 4: Preparation of Intermediate 3-Bromo-6, 7-dihydro-5H-thieno[3,2-c]pyridin- 4-one (I-15d)

(I-15b) Using analogous reaction conditions and workup as described in Example 1, step 4, [2-(4-bromo-thiophen-2-yl)-ethyl]-carbamic acid ethyl ester (I- 15c: 6g, 21.73mmol) in POCl ₃ (60mL) was reacted with P ₂ 0 ₅ (6.217g, 43.782mmol) to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (2% methanol in CHC1 ₃ ) afforded 2.6g of the product (52% yield).

^! H NMR (CDCI3, 300 MHz): δ 7.1 (s, 1H), 6.3-5.8 (br s, 1H), 3.72-3.52 (m, 2H), 3.06 (t, 2H)

Step 5: Preparation of Intermediate 3-(4-Fl oro-phenyl)-6, 7-dihvdro-5H-thieno[3,2- c]pyridin-4-one (I-15c)

(I- 15c)

Using analogous reaction conditions and workup as described in Example 3, step 5, 3-bromo-6,7-dihydro-5H-thieno[3,2-c]pyridin-4-one (I-15b: 300mg,

1.293mmol) was reacted with (4-fluoro-phenyl)-dihydroxy-borane (217.1 1 mg,

L55mmol), Pd(PPh ₃ ) ₄ (149.4mg, 0.1293mmol), toluene (20mL) and water (3mL) to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (2% methanol in CHC1 ₃ ) afforded 300mg of the product (47.02% yield).

LCMS purity: 100%, m/z = 247.8 (M+l)

Preparation of 3-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-5-(4-methyl-pyridin-3-yl)-6, 7-dihvdro-5H- thieno[3.2-clpyridin-4-one (ISA)

Using analogous reaction conditions as described in Example 1, 3-(4-fluoro- phenyl)-6,7-dihydro-5H-thieno[3,2-c]pyridin-4-one (1-15c: lSOmg, 0.61mmol) was reacted with 3-iodo-4-methyl-pyridine (133mg, 0.61mmol), 1, 4-dioxane (l OmL), copper iodide (11.6mg, 0.061mmol), trans-N,N'-dimethyl-cyclohexyl-l,2-diamine

(25.98mg, 0.183mmol) and potassium phosphate (323.3mg, 1.525mmol) to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (1% methanol in

CHCI3) afforded 35mg of the product (17.5% yield).

1 H NMR (CDC1 ₃ , 300 MHz): 6 8.60-8.08 (m, 2H), 7.68-7.36 (m, 2H), 7.34-

6.80 (m, 4H), 4.35-4.05 (m, 1H), 4.03-3.70 (m, 1H), 3.50-3.09 (m, 2H), 2.3 (s, 3H) LCMS purity: 98.57%, m/z = 339.0 (M+l)

HPLC: 90.12%

Example 16

Preparation of 2-Pyridin-3-yl- 7-trifluoromethyl-3.4-dihvdro-2H-isoq inolin-l -one am:

(16A)

Step I: Preparation of Intermediate 2-(4~Trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-ethylamine (1-I6a)

(I- 16a)

(4-Trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-acetonitrile (2g, 10.81mmol) in methanolic ammonia (50mL) was added to Raney nickel (400mg) in methanol taken in a parr hydrogenator. The flask was stirred at 50 PSI overnight. The reaction was monitored by TLC (10% methanol in CHC1 ₃ ). The reaction mixture was filtered through celite bed and the filtrate was dried under reduced pressure to afford 2g of the product (97.89% yield).

LCMS purity: 98.73%, m/z = 190.0 (M+l) Step 2: Preparation of Intermediate [2-(4-Trifl oromethyl-phenyl)-ethyl -carbamic acid ethyl ester (I- 16b)

(I- 16b)

Using the same procedure and workup as described in Example 1, step 3, 2-(4- trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-ethylamine (I- 16a: 2g, 10.58mmol) in chloroform (20mL) was reacted with chloro ethyl formate (1.37g, 12.698mmol) and 2N Na ₂ C0 ₃ solution (20mL) at 0°C. The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes to afford 2.7g of the product (97.79% yield).

1H NMR (DMSO-D ₆ , 300 MHz): δ 7.78-7.56 (m, 2H), 7.56-7.34 (m, 2H), 7.2 (t, 1H), 3.95 (q, 2H), 3.23 (q, 2H), 2.8 (t, 2H), 1.1 (t, 3H)

Step 3: Preparation of Intermediate 7-Trifluoromethyl-3 _l 4-dihydro-2H-isoquinolin-l- one (I-16c)

(I-16c)

Using the same procedure and workup as described in Example 1, step 4, [2-

(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-ethyl]-carbamic acid ethyl ester (l-16b: 2.7g, 10.340mmol) in POCI3 (15mL) was reacted with P2O5 (2.92g, 20.69mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at 105°C for 2 hours to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (2% methanol in DCM) afforded 450mg of the product (20.24% yield).

Preparation of 2-Pyridin-3-yl- 7-trifluoromethyl-3, 4-dihydro-2H isoquinolin-l-one a

Using analogous reaction conditions as described in Example 1 , 7- trifluoromethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-isoquinolin-l-one (I- 16c: 150mg, 0.698mmol) was reacted with 3-bromo-pyridine (220mg, 1.395mmol), 1, 4-dioxane (l OmL), copper iodide (13.29mg, 0.0698mmol), im«5-N,N'-dimethyl-cyclohexyl-l,2-diamine (29.33mg, 0.209mmol) and potassium phosphate (369.9mg, 1.745mmol) to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (1.5% methanol in DCM) afforded 45mg of the product (22.05% yield).

1H NMR (CDCI3, 300 MHz): δ 8.82-8.60 (br s, 1H), 8.6-8.3 (m, 2H), 7.90- 7.61 (m, 2H), 7.5-7.3 (m, 2H), 4.08 (t, 2H), 3.25 (t, 2H),

LCMS purity: 97.93%, m/z = 292.8 (M+l)

HPLC: 95.2%

Example 17 Preparation of 2-(4-Methyl-pyridin-3-yl)-6-trifluoromethyl-3, 4-dihydro-2H- isoquinolin-l-one (17 A):

(17A)

Step 1: Preparation of Intermediate 2-(3-Trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-ethylamine (1-17 a)

(I-17a)

Using analogous reaction conditions as described in Example 16, step 1, (3- trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-acetonitrile (2g, I0.81mmol) in methanolic ammonia (50mL) was reacted with to Raney nickel (400mg) to afford 2g of the product (97.89% yield). LCMS: m/z = 189.9 (M+2)

Step 2: Preparation of Intermediate [2-(3-Trifluoromethyl-vhenyl)-ethyll-carbamic acid ethyl ester (1-17b)

(I- 17b)

Using the same procedure and workup as described in Example 1 , step 3, 2-(3- trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-ethylamine (I- 17a: 2g, 10.58mmol) in chloroform (25mL) was reacted with chloro ethyl formate (1.37g, 12.698mmol) and 2N Na ₂ C0 ₃ solution (20mL) at 0°C. The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes to afford 2.7g of the product (97.79% yield).

1H NMR (DMSO-De, 300 MHz): δ 7.70-7.42 (m, 4H), 7.2 (t, 1H), 3.92 (q, 2H), 3.22 (q, 2H), 2.8 (t, 2H), 1.1 (t, 3H) Step 3: Preparation of Intermediate 6-Tri luoromethyl-3,4-dihvdro-2H-isoquinolin-l- one (1-17c)

(I-17c)

Using the same procedure and workup as described in Example 1, step 4, [2- (3-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-ethyl]-carbamic acid ethyl ester (I- 17b: 2.7g, 10.34mmol) in POCI3 (15mL) was reacted with P ₂ 0 ₅ (2.9g, 20.68mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at 105°C for 2 hours to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (1.5% methanol in DCM) afforded 350mg of the product (15.74% yield).

Ή NMR (DMSO-D ₆ , 300 MHz): δ 7.63-7.40 (m, 3H), 5.9 (t, 1H), 3.22 (q, 2H), 2.65 (t, 2H)

Preparation of 2-(4-Methyl-pyridin-3-yl)-6-trifluoromethyl-3, 4-dihydro-2H- isoquinolin-l-one (1 A)

Using analogous reaction conditions as described in Example 1 , 6- trifluoromethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-isoquinolin-l-one (I- 17c: 150mg, 0.698mmol) was reacted with 3-iodo-4-methyl-pyridine (152.8mg, 0.698mmol), 1, 4-dioxane (lOmL), copper iodide (13.3mg, 0.0698mmol), /ratti-N,N'-dimemyl-cyclohexyl-l,2-diamine (29.73mg, 0.209mmol) and potassium phosphate (369.94mg, 1.745mmol) to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (1.5% methanol in DCM) afforded 20mg of the product (9.38% yield).

Ή NMR (CDCI3, 300 MHz): δ 8.58-8.40 (br s, 2H), 8.26 (d, 1H), 7.66 (d, 1H), 7.56 (s, 1H), 7.3 (m, 1H), 4.20-3.96 (m, 1H), 3.93-3.71 (m, 1H), 3.40-3.13 (m, 2H), 2.3 (s, 3H)

LCMS purity: 73.88%, m/z = 307.0 (M+l)

HPLC: 87.41%

Example 18

Preparation of 2-(5-Fluoro-pyridin-3-yl)- 7-trifluoromet yl-3, 4-dihydro-2H- isoguinolin-l-one (18A):

(18 A)

Using analogous reaction conditions as described in Example 1 , 7- trifluoromethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-isoquinolin-l-one (I- 16c: 90mg, 0.419mmol) was reacted with 3-bromo-5-fluoro-pyridine (73.67mg, 0.419mmol), 1, 4-dioxane (lOmL), copper iodide (7.98mg, 0.0419mmol), /raAW-N^'-dimethyl-cyclohexyl-l^-di amine (17.85mg, 0.126mmol) and potassium phosphate (222mg, 1.048mmol) to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (0.5% methanol in DCM) afforded 35mg of the product (27.19% yield).

Ή NMR (CDC1 ₃ , 300 MHz): δ 8.7-8.2 (m, 3H), 7.85-7.39 (m, 3H), 4.1 (t,

2H), 3.23 (t, 2H),

LCMS purity: 84.45%, m/z = 31 1.0 (M+l)

HPLC: 91.17% Example 19

Preparation of 7- Trifl uoromethyl-3, 4-dihydro-[2, 4 ']b iisoquinolinyl-l-one (19A):

(19A)

Using analogous reaction conditions as described in Example 1 , 7- trifluoromethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-isoquinolin-l-one ( 6c: 150mg, 0.698mmol) was reacted with 4-bromo-isoquinoline (145mg, 0.698mmol), 1, 4-dioxane (lOmL), copper iodide (13.29mg, 0.0698mmol), tra«i-N,N'-dimethyl-cyclohexyl-l,2-diamine (29.74mg, 0.209mmol) and potassium phosphate (369.94mg, 1.745mmol) to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (1.5% methanol in DCM) afforded 25mg of the product ( 10.50% yield).

1H NMR (CDC1 ₃ , 300 MHz): δ 9.45-9.13 (br s, 1H), 8.71-8.31 (m, 2H), 8.1 (d, 1H), 7.95-7.40 (m, 5H), 4.30-4.09 (m, 1H), 4.08-3.90 (m, 1H), 3.55-3.21 (m, 2H)

LCMS purity: 100%, m/z = 343.1 (M+l) HPLC: 89.17%

Example 20

Preparation of 4.4-Dimethyl-2-i4-methyl-pyridin-3-yl)-7-trifl oromethyl-3, 4-dihvdro- 2H-isoquinolin-l-one (20A):

(20A)

Step 1: Preparation of Intermediate 2-Methyl-2-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)- propionitrile (I-20a)

(I-20a)

(4-Trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-acetonitrile (lg, 5.4010mmol) in DMF (8.1mL) was added to a stirred mixture of NaH (518.49mg, 21.604mmol) in DMF (8. ImL) at 0°C. This was followed by the addition of methyl iodide (3.3mL, 54.0102mmol) and the resulting mixture was heated to 80°C for 3 hours. The reaction was monitored by TLC (10% ethylacetate in hexane). The reaction mixture was diluted with cold water and extracted with diethyl ether. The organic layer was washed with brine solution, dried over Na ₂ S0 ₄ and concentrated to afford 1.2g of the crude product which was used in the next step without further purification.

Ή NMR (CDC1 ₃ , 300 MHz): δ 7.80-7.49 (m, 4H), 1.8 (s, 6H)

Step 2: Preparation of Intermediate 2-Methyl-2-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)- propylamine (I-20b)

(I-20b) Using analogous reaction conditions as described in Example 16, step 1 , 2- methyl-2-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-propionitrile (I-20a: 1.2g, 5.6338mmol) in methanolic ammonia (lOmL) was reacted with to Raney nickel (200mg) to afford 1.3 g of the crude product which was used in the next step without further purification.

Ή N R (D SO-D ₆ , 300 MHz): δ 7.90-7.35 (m, 4H), 2.65 (s, 2H), 1.22 (s,

6H).

LCMS purity: 99.43%, m/z = 218.1 (M+l)

Step 3: Preparation of Intermediate [2-Methyl-2-i4-trifluoromethyI-phenvI)-propyl]- carbamic acid ethyl ester I-20c)

(l-20c)

Using the same procedure and workup as described in Example 1, step 3, 2- methyl-2-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-propylamine (I-20b: 1.3g, 5.9907mmol) in chloroform (1 OmL) was reacted with chloro ethyl formate (690.3mL, 7.1884mmol) and 2N Na ₂ C0 ₃ solution (5mL) at 0°C. The resulting mixture was stirred at 0°C for 1 hour to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (10% ethylacetate in hexane) afforded 1.1 g of the product (64.7% yield).

1H NMR (CDCI3, 300 MHz): δ 7.76-7.36 (m, 4H), 4.55-4.26 (br s, 1H), 4.05 (q, 2H), 3.4 (d, 2H), 1.35 (s, 6H), 1.2 (t, 3H)

LCMS purity: 99.38%, m/z = 290.0 (M+l)

Step 4: Preparation of Intermediate 4,4-Dimethv 7-trifluoromethyl-3,4-dihvdro-2H- isoq inolin-l-one (I-20d)

(I-20d)

Using the same procedure and workup as described in Example 1 , step 4, [2- methyl-2-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-propyl]-carbamic acid ethyl ester (I-20c: 1. lg, 3.8062mmol) in POCl ₃ (8mL) was reacted with P ₂ 0 ₅ (1.08g, 7.6162mmol) to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (1.5% methanol in DCM) afforded 360mg of the product (33.3% yield).

Ή NMR (CDCI3, 300 MHz): δ 7.68-7.30 (m, 3H), 3.9 (t, 1H), 3.33 (d, 2H), 1.3 (s, 6H)

LCMS purity: 82.39%, mix = 244.1 (M+l)

Preparation of 4, 4-Dimethyl-2-i4-methyl^yridin-3-yl)-7-trifIuoromethyl-3.4-di hvdro-- 2H-isoquinolin-l-one (20A)

Using analogous reaction conditions as described in Example 1, 4,4-dimethyl- 7-trifluoromethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-isoquinolin-l-one Q-20d: 200mg, 0.8230mmol) was reacted with 3-bromo-4-methyl-pyridine (91.9mL, 0.8230mmol), 1, 4-dioxane (3mL), copper iodide (15.6mg, 0.0823mmol), trans-N,N'-dimethyl-cyclohexyl-l,2- diamine (38.8mL, 0.2469mmol) and potassium phosphate (436. Img, 2.0575mmol) to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (50% ethylacetate in hexane) afforded 15mg of the product (5.44% yield).

1H NMR (CDC1 ₃ , 300 MHz): δ 8.6-8.34 (m, 3H), 7.9-7.7 (m, 1H), 7.53 (d, 1H), 7.38-7.14 (m, 1H), 3.7 (q, 2H), 2.31 (s, 3H), 1.53 (s, 3H), 1.48 (s, 3H)

LCMS purity: 98.09%, m/z = 335.1 (M+l)

HPLC: 97.31%

Example 21

Preparation of 7-Trifluoromethyl-2-(4-trifluoromethyl-pyridin-3-yl)-3, 4-dihvdro-2H- isoquinolin-l-one (21A):

(21 A)

Using analogous reaction conditions as described in Example 1, 7-trifluoromethyl- 3,4-dihydro-2H-isoquinolin-l-one (I- 16c: 150 mg, 0.684 mmol) was reacted with 3- bromo-4-trifluoromethyl-pyridine (154.7mg, 0.684mmol), 1 , 4-dioxane (5mL), copper iodide (12.96 mg, 0.0684 mmol), trans- 1,2-diamino cyclohexane (23.39 mg, 0.2084 mmol) and potassium phosphate (434.6mg, 2.05mmol) to afford the crude product. Purification by preparative HPLC afforded 16mg of the product (6.5% yield). Ή NMR (CDCI3, 300 MHz): δ 8.99-8.60 (m, 2H), 8.41 (s, 1H), 7.89-7.65 (m, 2H), 7.42 (d, 1H), 4.19-3.70 (m, 2H), 3.55-3.04 (m, 2H)

LCMS purity: 99.14%, m/z = 360.9 (M+l)

HPLC: 97.47%

Example 22

Preparation of 2-(4-Methyl-pyridin-3-yl)-5-trifluoromethyl-3, 4-dihvdro-2H- isoquinolin-l-one (22A):

(23 A)

Step I: Preparation of Intermediate (2-Triiluoromethyl-phenyl)-acetonitrile (I-22a)

(I-22a)

A solution of l-bromomethyl-2-trifluoromethyl-benzene (3.5g, 14.641mmol) in DMSO (18mL) and sodium cyanide (1.076g, 21.962mmol) were taken in a flask and the flask was heated to 90°C for 3 hours. The reaction was monitored by TLC (2% ethylacetate in hexane). The reaction mixture was partitioned between water and ethylacetate. The organic layer was washed with brine solution, dried over Na ₂ S0 ₄ and concentrated to afford 2.4g of the crude product which was used in the next step without further purification.

FTIR showed the presence of CN group at 2254.10 cm ^'1

1H NMR (CDCI3, 300 MHz): δ 7.82-7.34 (m, 4H), 4.0 (s, 2H)

Step 2: Preparation of Intermediate 2-(2-TriiluoromethyUDhenyl)-ethylamine (I-22b)

(I-22b) Using analogous reaction conditions as described in Example 16, step 1, (2- trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-acetonitrile (I-22a: 2.4g) in methanolic ammonia (lOmL) was reacted with Raney nickel (5g) and methanol (30mL) to afford 1. lg of the product (44% yield).

Ή NMR (DMSO-D ₆ , 300 MHz): δ 7.76-7.28 (m, 4H), 2.98-2.62 (m, 4H), 1.6-

1.3 (m, 2H)

LCMS purity: 99.66%, m/z = 189.9 (M+l)

Step 3: Preparation of Intermediate [2-(2-Trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-ethyl]-carbamic acid ethyl ester (I- 22c)

(I-22c)

Using the same procedure and workup as described in example 1, step 3, 2-(2- trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-ethylamine (l .lg, 5.820mmol) in chloroform (1 ImL) was reacted with chloro ethyl formate (0.66mL, 6.984mmol) and 2N Na ₂ C0 ₃ solution (1 ImL) at 0°C. The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours to afford 1.2g of the product (79% yield).

LCMS purity: 80.69%, m/z = 261.8 (M+l) Step 4: Preparation of Intermediate 5-Trifluoromethyl-3A-dihvdro-2H-isoquinolin-l- one (I-22d)

(I-22d)

Using the same procedure and workup as described in Example 1, step 4, [2- (2-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-ethyl]-carbamic acid ethyl ester fl-22c: 1.2g, 4.5977mmol) in POCl ₃ (13mL) was reacted with P ₂ 0 ₅ (1.3g, 9.195mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at 115°C for 2 hours to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (60% ethylacetate in hexane) afforded 0.090g of the product (9.1% yield).

Ή NMR (CDC1 ₃ , 300 MHz): δ 8.32 (d, 1H), 7.8 (d, 1H), 7.49 (t, 1H), 6.4-6.2 (br s, 1H), 3.73-3.54 (m, 2H), 3.2 (t, 2H)

LCMS purity: 100%, m/z = 216.1 (M+ 1 )

Preparation of 2-(4-Methyl-vwidin-3-yl)-5-trifluoromethyl-3, 4-dihydro-2H- isoQuinolin-l-one (22A)

Using analogous reaction conditions as described in Example 1, 5- trifluoromethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-isoquinolin-l -one (I-22d: 0.090g, 0.4186mmol) was reacted with -iodo-4-methyl-pyridine (0.091g, 0.4186mmol), 1, 4-dioxane (l OmL), copper iodide (0.007g, 0.04186mmol), tram-N,N'-dimethyl-cyclohexyl-l,2-diamine (0.017g, 0.1255mmol) and potassium phosphate (0.221g, 1.0465mmol) to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (60% ethylacetate in hexane) afforded 0.031 g of the product (24% yield).

Ή NMR (CDCI3, 300 MHz): δ 8.56-8.46 (m, 2H), 8.38 (d, 1H), 7.86 (d, 1H), 7.52 (t, 1H), 7.25 (s, 1H), 4.20-3.95 (m, 1H), 3.94-3.62 (m, 1H), 3.50-3.29 (m, 2H), 2.32 (s, 3H)

LCMS purity: 81.17%, m/z = 307.0 (M+l)

HPLC: 95.25%

Example 23

Preparation of 2-(4-Methyl-pyridm-3-yl)-3,4~dihvdro-2H~isoauinolin-l-one (2 A):

Step 1: Preparation of Intermediate Phenethyl-carbamic acid ethyl ester (1-23a)

(I-23a)

Using the same procedure and workup as described in example 1, step 3, phenethylamine (7g, 57.7653mmol) in chloroform (60mL) was reacted with chloro ethyl formate (6.6mL, 69.3183mmol) and 2N Na ₂ C0 ₃ solution (30mL) at 0°C. The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (5% ethylacetate in hexane) afforded 9 g of the product (81% yield).

1H NMR (CDC1 ₃ , 300 MHz): δ 7.5-6.95 (m, 5H), 4.85-4.48 (br s, 1H), 4.1 (q,

2H), 3.42 (q, 2H), 2.8 (t, 2H), 1.22 (t, 3H)

Step 2: Preparation of Intermediate 3,4-Dihvdro-2H-iso uinolin-]-one (l-23b)

(I-23b)

Phenethyl-carbamic acid ethyl ester (I-23a: 9g, 46.875mmol) and poly phosphoric acid (187.5g) were taken in a flask and the flask was heated to 120°C for 4 hours. The reaction was monitored by TLC (30% ethylacetate in hexane). The reaction mixture was partitioned between chilled water and ethylacetate. The resulting mixture was stirred at 115°C for 2 hours to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (60% ethylacetate in hexane) afforded 0.090g of the product (9.1% yield).

Ή NMR (CDC1 ₃ , 300 MHz): δ 8.16-7.92 (m, 1H), 7.56-6.80 (m, 4H), 3.70- 3.46 (m, 2H), 2.96 (t, 2H)

LCMS purity: 100%, m/z = 148.0 (M+l)

Preparation of 2-(4-Methyl^yridin-3-yl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-isoquinolin-l-one (23 A)

Using analogous reaction conditions as described in Example 1, 3,4-dihydro- 2H-isoquinolin-l-one (I-23b: 150mg, 1.0204mmol) was reacted with 3-iodo-4- methyl-pyridine (223.4mg, 1.0204mmol), 1 , 4-dioxane (3mL), copper iodide (19.4mg, 0.1020mmol), trans-Ν,Ν -dimethyl -cyclohexyl-l,2-diamine (48.1mL, 0.3061mmol) and potassium phosphate (540.8mg, 2.5 1mmol) to afford the crude product.

Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (50% ethylacetate in hexane) afforded 85mg of the product (35% yield). 'HNMR (CDCI ₃ , 300 MHz): δ 8.54-8.38 (m, 2Η), 8.22-8.08 (m, IH), 7.60- 7.34 (m, 2Η), 7.34-7.19 (m, 2H), 4.15-3.95 (m, IH), 3.9-3.7 (m, IH), 3.40-3.05 (m, 2Η), 2.3 (s, 3H)

LCMS purity: 90.25%, m/z = 239.1 (M+l)

HPLC: 91.99%

Example 24

Preparation of Cvclopropanecarboxylic acid [2-(4-methyl-pyridin-3-yl)-l-oxo-l,2-

(24A)

Step 1: Preparation of Intermediate 7-Nitro-3,4-dihvdro-2H-isoquinolin-I-one (I-

24a)

(I-24a)

NO3 (348mg, 3.7414mmol) was added to a solution of 3,4-dihydro-2H- isoquinolin-l-one (I-23b: 500mg, 3.4013mmol) in concentrated H ₂ S0 ₄ (10.2mL) at 0°C and the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hours. The reaction was monitored by TLC (80% ethylacetate in hexane). The reaction mixture was quenched in chilled water and extracted with ethylacetate. The organic layer was washed with brine solution, dried over Na ₂ S0 ₄ and concentrated. The concentrate was crystallized from diethyl ether to afford 400mg of the product (61.2% yield).

1H NMR (DMSO-D ₆ , 300 MHz): δ 8.60-8.48 (m, IH), 8.40-8.24 (m, 2H), 7.63 (d, IH), 3.52-3.40 (m, 2H), 3.05 (t, 2H)

Preparation of Intermediate 2-(4-Methyl-pyridin-3-yl)-7-nitro-2H-isoquinolin-l-one

(I-24b)

(I-24b)

Using analogous reaction conditions as described in Example 1, 7-nitro-3,4- dihydro-2H-isoquinolin-l-one (I-24a: 400mg, 2.0833mmol) was reacted with 3-iodo- 4-methyl-pyridine (456.2mg, 2.0833mmol), 1, 4-dioxane (4.1mL), copper iodide (39.6mg, 0.2083mmol), tm«s-N,N'-dimethyl-cyclohexyl-l,2-diamine (88.7mg, 0.6249mmol) and potassium phosphate (l.lg, 5.2082mmol) to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (50% ethylacetate in hexane) afforded 140mg of the product (23.9% yield).

1H NMR (CDCI3, 300 MHz): δ 9.40-9.22 (m, 1H), 8.76-8.42 (m, 3H), 7.74 (d,

1H), 7.5-7.1 (m, 2H), 6.71 (d, 1H), 2.22 (s, 3H)

LCMS purity: 97.75%, m/z = 281.9 (M+l)

Preparation of Intermediate 7-Amino-2-(4-methyl-pyridin-3-yl)-2H-isoquinolin-l-one

(I-24c)

10% Pd-C (20mg) was added to a solution of 2-(4-methyl-pyridin-3-yl)-7- nitro-2H-isoquinolin-l-one (I-24b: 140mg, 0.4982mmol) in methanol (8mL) under nitrogen atmosphere. The resulting mixture was hydrogenated in a Parr hydrogenator at room temperature for 3.30 hours. The reaction was monitored by TLC (5% methanol in CHCI3). The reaction mixture was filtered; the filtrate was concentrated and dried to afford lOOmg of the product (79.9% yield).

1H NMR (DMSO-D ₆ , 300 MHz): δ 8.62-8.37 (m, 2H), 7.57-7.30 (m, 3H), 7.19-6.92 (m, 2H), 6.55 (d, 1H), 5.64 (s, 2H), 2.1 (s, 3H)

LCMS purity: 98.54%, m/z = 251.8 (M+l) Preparation of Cyclopropanecarboxylic acid [2-(4-methyl-pyridin-3-yl)-l-oxo-l,2- dihydro-isoquinolin- 7-yll -amide (24A):

TEA (25.1mL, 0.1792mmol) and cyclopropanecarbonyl chloride (12mL, 0.1314mmol) were added to a solution of 7-amino-2-(4-methyl-pyridin-3-yl)-2H- isoquinolin-l-one fl-24c: 30mg, 0.1195mmol) at 0°C. The resulting reaction mixture was stirred at 0°C for 30 minutes. The reaction was monitored by TLC (100% ethylacetate). The reaction mixture was diluted with water and extracted with ethylacetate. The organic layer was washed with brine solution, dried over Na ₂ S0 ₄ and concentrated. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (70% ethylacetate in hexane) afforded lOmg of the product (26.2% yield).

1H NMR (CDC1 ₃ , 300 MHz): δ 8.66-8.40 (m, 3H), 8.36-8.12 (m, 2H), 7.6 (d, IH), 7.40-7.29 (m, IH), 6.93 (d, IH), 6.63 (d, IH), 2.22 (s, 3H), 1.14-1.00 (m, 2H), 0.94-0.70 (m, 3H)

LCMS purity: 100%, m/z = 320.0 (M+l)

HPLC: 77.8%

Example 25

Preparation of Cyclopropanecarboxylic acid [2-{4-methyl-pyridin-3-yl)-l-oxo- l,2,3,4-tetrahvdro-isoauinolin-7-yl -amide (25A):

(25A)

Preparation of Intermediate 7-Amino-2-(4-methyl-pyridin-3-yl)-3,4-dihvdro-2H- isoquinolin-l-one (I-25a):

(I-25a)

Using analogous reaction conditions as described in Example 24, 2-(4-methyl- pyridin-3-yl)-7-nitro-2H-isoquinolin-l-one (I-24b: 120mg, 0.4240mmol) in methanol (lOmL) and acetic acid (O.lmL) was reduced using Pd/C (40mg) at 50 PSI in a Parr hydrogenator at room temperature for 3.30 hours..

LCMS purity: 93.95%, m/z = 254.1 (M+l) Preparation of Cyclopropanecarboxylic acid f2-(4-methyl-pyridin-3-yl)~J~oxo~ 1,2,3, 4-tetrahydro-isoquinolin- 7-yl ] -amide (25 A):

Using analogous reaction conditions as described in Example 24, 7-amino-2- (4-methyl-pyridin-3-yl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-isoquinolin-l-one (I-25a: lOOmg,

0.3533mmol) in THF (5mL) was reacted with cyclopropanecarbonyl chloride (35.5mL, 0.3886mmol) and TEA (74.4mL, 0.5299mmol) to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (80% ethylacetate in hexane), followed by preparative HPLC afforded 16mg of the product (14% yield).

1H NMR (CDC1 ₃ , 300 MHz): δ 8.75 (s, 1H), 8.56-8.36 (m, 2H), 8.3 (d, 1H), 8.06-7.85 (d, 1H), 7.35-7.25 (m, 2H), 4.05-3.69 (m, 2H), 3.15 (t, 2H), 2.3 (s, 3H), 1.08-0.76 (m, 3H), 0.72-0.50 (m, 2H)

LCMS purity: 97.38%, m/z = 322.1 (M+l)

HPLC: 98.54%

Example 26

Preparation of 7-Methoxy-2-(4-methyl-pyridin-3-yl)-3,4-dihvdro-2H-isoquinol in-l- one (26 A):

Step I: Preparation of Intermediate [2-(4-Methoxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-carbamic acid ethyl ester (1-26a)

(I-26a)

Using the same procedure and workup as described in Example 1, step 3, 2-(4- methoxy-phenyl)-ethylamine (5g, 33.1 lmmol) in chloroform (64mL) was reacted with chloro ethyl formate (4.3 lg, 39.73mmol) and 2N Na ₂ C0 ₃ solution (64mL) at 0°C. The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes to afford 6.5g of the product (94% yield).

1H NMR (CDC1 ₃ , 300 MHz): δ 7.26-7.00 (m, 2H), 6.96-6.74 (m, 2H), 4.8-4.5 (br s, 1H), 4.1 (q, 2H), 3.8 (s, 3H), 3.4 (q, 2H), 2.75 (t, 2H), 1.21 (t, 3H)

Step 2: Preparation of Intermediate 7-Methoxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-isoquinolin-l-one (I- 26b)

(I-26b)

Using the same procedure and workup as described in Example 1, step 4, [2- (4-methoxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-carbamic acid ethyl ester (I-26a: 3g, 13.452mmol) in POCI3 (30mL) was reacted with P ₂ 0 ₅ (3.793g, 26.905mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at 110°C for 1 hour to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (40% ethylacetate in hexane) afforded 400mg of the product (16.8% yield).

^■ H NMR (CDCI3, 300 MHz): δ 7.69-7.54 (d, 1H), 7.2-7.1 (m, 1H), 7.09-6.98 (m, 1H), 6.15-5.95 (br s, 1H), 3.86 (s, 3H), 3.62-3.50 (m, 2H), 2.94 (t, 2H) Preparation of 7-Methoxy-2-(4-methyl-Dyridin-3-yl)-3.4-dihvdro-2H-isoquinol in-l- one (26 A)

Using analogous reaction conditions as described in Example 1 , 7-methoxy- 3,4-dihydro-2H-isoquinolin-l-one (I-26b: 400mg, 2.259mmol) was reacted with 3- iodo-4-methyl-pyridine (495mg, 2.259mmol), 1, 4-dioxane (25mL), copper iodide (43mg, 0.225mmol), trans-N,N'-dimethyl-cyclohexyl- 1 ,2-diamine (96.23mg, 0.677mmol) and potassium phosphate (1.197g, 5.647mmol) to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (40% ethylacetate in hexane) afforded 170mg of the product (23% yield).

Ή NMR (CDCI3, 300 MHz): δ 8.54-8.40 (m, 2H), 7.66 (d, 1H), 7.24-7.14 (m, 2H), 7.1-7.0 (m, 1H), 4.12-3.92 (m, 1H), 3.87 (s, 3H), 3.81-3.65 (m, 1H), 3.30-2.95 (m, 2H), 2.32 (s, 3H)

LCMS purity: 97.33%, m/z = 269.1 (M+l) HPLC: 98.14%

Example 27

Preparation of 7-Hvdroxy-2-(4-methyl-pyridin-3-yl)-3, 4-dihydro-2H-isoquinolin-l- one (27A):

(27A)

1M solution of boran tri-bromide in DCM (0.839mL, 0.839mmol) was added to a stirred solution of 7-methoxy-2-(4-methyl-pyridin-3-yl)-3,4-dihydro-2H- isoquinolin-l-one (26A: 90mg, O.335mmol) in DCM (3mL) at 0°C. The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hours. The reaction was monitored by TLC (5% methanol in DCM). The reaction mixture was quenched with chilled water and extracted with DCM. The organic layer was washed with NaHC0 ₃ solution, brine solution, dried over Na ₂ S04 and concentrated. Purification by column

chromatography on silica gel (3% methanol in DCM) afforded 40mg of the product (47% yield).

1H NMR (CDC1 ₃ , 300 MHz): δ 8.56-8.34 (m, 2H), 7.56 (d, 1H), 7.25 (s, 1H), 7.2-7.1 (m, 1H), 7.04-6.94 (m, 1H), 4.10-3.94 (m, 1H), 3.82-3.65 (m, 1H), 3.26-2.98 (m, 2H), 2.3 (s, 3H)

LCMS purity: 97.06%, m/z = 255.1 (M+l)

HPLC: 93.79%

Example 28

Preparation of 1 -Ethyl -6-( 4-methyl-pyridin-3 - v/J - 1,4.5, 6-tetrahvdro-pyrrol of 2, 3- c]pyridin-7'One (28A):

(28A) Using similar reaction conditions as described in Example 5, 1 -ethyl- 1H-3- pyrrole-3-carbaldehyde was converted to l-ethyl-l,4,5,6-tetrahydro-pyrrolo[2,3- c]pyridin-7-one. By employing analogous reaction conditions as described in Example 1, l-ethyl-l,4,5,6-tetrahydro-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridin-7-one (75mg,

0.457mmol) was reacted with 3-iodo-4-methyl-pyridine (lOOmg, 0.457mmol), 1, 4- dioxane (5mL), copper iodide (8.5mg, 0.0457mmol), /ra/7£-N,N'-dimethyl- cyclohexyl-l,2-diamine (0.021mL, 0.137mmol) and potassium phosphate (290mg, 1.37mmol) to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (1% methanol in CHCI3) afforded 55mg of the product (47.4% yield).

'H NMR (CDCI3, 300 MHz): δ 8.53-8.30 (m, 2H), 7.25-7.13 (d, 1H), 6.82 (d, 1H), 6.02 (d, 1H), 4.47-4.28 (m, 2H), 4.10-3.91 (m, 1H), 3.81-3.69 (m, 1H), 3.10-2.82 (m, 2H), 2.3 (s, 3H), 1.4 (t, 3H)

LCMS purity: 98.5%, m/z = 255.9 (M+l)

HPLC: 91.47%

Example 29

Preparation of2-(4-Methyl^widin-3-yl)-7-trif}uoromethyl-2H-isoquinolin-l -one :

(29A)

Step 1: Preparation of Intermediate 3-f4-Trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-acrvtic acid (I-

29a)

(I-29a)

Malonic acid (3.58g, 0.03mol) and piperidine (0.28mL, 0.0028mol) were added to a solution of 4-trifluoromethyl-benzaldehyde (5g, 0.028mol) in pyridine (50mL) at room temperature under nitrogen atmosphere. The resulting mixture was refluxed at 105°C for 20 minutes under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction was monitored by TLC (50% ethylacetate in hexane). The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, followed by the addition of 6N HC1 and filtered. The residue was washed with n-hexane (20mL) and dried under reduced pressure to afford 7.2g of the crude product which was used in the next step without further purification.

Ή NMR (DMSO-D ₆ , 300 MHz): δ 13.00-12.21 (br s, 1H), 8.10-7.86 (m, 2H), 7.85-7.53 (m, 3H), 6.7 (d, 1H)

Step 2: Preparation of Intermediate 3-(4-Trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-acryloyl chloride (I-29b)

(I-29b)

DMF (0.3mL) was added to a solution of 3-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-acrylic acid (I-29a: 4g, 0.018mol) in DCM (30mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at 0°C under nitrogen atmosphere. This was followed by the addition of SOCl ₂ (2.62g, 0.022mol) and the resulting mixture was refluxed at 75°C for 3 hours. The reaction was monitored by TLC (30% ethylacetate in hexane). The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and concentrated to afford the crude product which was dissolved in 1,4-dioxane and used in the next step without further purification. Step 3: Preparation of Intermediate 3-(4-Trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-acryloyl azide (I- 29c)

(I-29c)

3-(4-Trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-acryloyl chloride (I-29b: 4.5g, 0.019mol) in 1 ,4- dioxane (20mL) was added to a stirred mixture of sodium azide (2.7g, 0.042mol) in water (lOmL) at 0°C under nitrogen atmosphere and the reaction mixture was stirred at 0°C for 20 minutes under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction was monitored by TLC (10% ethylacetate in hexane). The reaction mixture was partitioned between water and diethyl ether. The organic layer was washed with brine solution, dried over Na ₂ S0 ₄ and concentrated to afford 5.5 g of the crude product which was used in the next step without further purification.

Step 4: Preparation of Intermediate 7-Trifluoromethyl-2H-isoquinolin-l-one (I-29d)

(I-29d)

3-(4-Trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-acryloyl azide (I-29c: 5.5g, 22.82mmol) in DCM (20mL) was added to diphenyl ether (lOOmL) refluxed at 260°C. The reaction was monitored by TLC (40% ethylacetate in hexane). The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and concentrated. The concentrate was partitioned between water and DCM. The organic layer was washed with brine solution, dried over Na ₂ S0 ₄ and concentrated. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (18% ethylacetate in hexane) afforded 480mg of the product (9.6% yield).

LCMS purity: 95.49%, m/z = 214.0 (M+l)

Preparation of 2-(4-Methyl-pyridin-3-yl)-7-trifluoromethyl-2H- isoquinol in- 1 -one am

Using analogous reaction conditions as described in Example 1 , 7- trifluoromethyl-2H-isoquinolin-l-one (I-29d: 0.15g, 0.0007mol) was reacted with 3- iodo-4-methyl-pyridine (0.185g, 0.8mmol), DMSO (30mL), copper iodide (0.026g, 0.00014mol), quinolin-8-ol (0.02g, 0.14mmol) and potassium carbonate (0.126g, 0.9mmol) to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (8% ethylacetate in hexane) afforded 0.055g of the product (23.8% yield).

1H NMR (CDC1 ₃ , 300 MHz): δ 8.78 (s, 1H), 8.55-8.35 (m, 2H), 8.12-7.85 (m, 3H), 7.4 (d, 1H), 7.35-7.20 (m, 1H), 2.2 (s, 3H)

LCMS purity: 93.84%, m/z = 305.0 (M+l)

HPLC: 94.39%

Example 30

Preparation of 2-(4-metnylpyridin-3-yl)-7-(phenylamino)-3, 4 dihvdroisoauinolin- l(2H)-one (30A):

(30A)

Preparation of Intermediate 2-(4-Methyl-pyridin-3-yl)~7-nitro-3.4-dihvdro-2H- isoauinolin-l-one (I-30a):

(I-30a)

Using analogous reaction conditions as described in Example 1, 7-nitro-3,4- dihydro-2H-isoquinolin-l-one (I-24a: 600mg, 3.125mmol) was reacted with 3-iodo-4- methyl-pyridine (684.3mg, 3.125mmol), 1, 4-dioxane (lOmL), copper iodide (59.5mg, 0.3125rnmol), trans-N,N'-dimethyl-cyclohexyl-l,2-diamine (147.5mL, 0.9375mmol) and potassium phosphate (1.65g, 7.8125mmol) to afford the crude product.

Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (50% ethylacetate in hexane) afforded 150mg of the product (17% yield).

H NMR (300 MHz, CDC1 ₃ ): δ 9.04-8.94 (d, 1H), 8.55-8.44 (m, 2H), 8.36 (dd, 1H), 7.50 (d, 1H), 7.34-7.22 (m, 1H), 4.15-4.05 (m, 1H), 3.9-3.8 (m, 1H), 3.4-3.3 (m, 2H), 2.30 (s, 3H)

LCMS: 100%, m/z = 284.0 (M+l)

Preparation of Intermediate 7-Amino-2-(4-methyl-Dyridin-3-yl)-3, 4~dihvdro-2H- isoquinolin-l-one (I-30b):

(I-30b)

Using analogous reaction conditions as described in Example 25, 2-(4-methyl- pyridin-3-yl)-7-nitro-3,4-dihydro-2H-isoquinolin-l-one fl- 0a: 150mg, 0.53mmol) in methanol (lOOmL) was reacted with 10% Pd/C (30mg) to afford 1 lOmg of the product (82.02% yield).

1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO): δ 8.50-8.35 (m, 2H), 7.35 (d, 1H), 7.18 (d, 1 H), 7.0 (d, 1H), 6.75-6.70 (dd, 1H), 5.20 (s, 2H), 3.95-3.80 (m, 1H), 3.7-3.6 (m, 1 H), 3.10-2.85 (m, 2H), 2.2 (s, 3H)

LCMS: 96.15%, m/z - 254.1 (M+l)

Preparation of 2-(4-Methyl-pyridin-3-yl)-7-phenylamino-3, 4-dihydro-2H-isoauinolin- 1-one (30A)

Palladium acetate (14.6mg, 0.0652mmol), BINAP (40.6mg, 0.0652mmol), cesium carbonate (212.4mg, 0.06520mmol) were dissolved in toluene (3mL) and the resulting mixture was degassed for 10 mins at room temperature. This was followed by the addition of 7-amino-2-(4-methyl-pyridin-3-yl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-isoquinolin -l- one (1 lOmg, 0.4347mol) and 3-iodo-4-methyl-pyridine (53.6mL, 0.4782mol) at room temperature under argon atmosphere. The resulting mixture was heated to 110°C for 24 hours. The reaction was monitored by TLC (100% ethylacetate). The reaction mixture was filtered and the filtrate was partitioned between water and ethylacetate. The organic layer was washed with brine solution, dried over Na ₂ S04 and

concentrated. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (70% ethylacetate in hexane), followed by preparative HPLC afforded 22mg of the product (15.37% yield).

Ή NMR (300 MHz, CDC1 ₃ ): δ 8.5-8.4 (m, 2H), 7.8 (d, 1H), 7.43-7.12 (m, 5H), 7.12-6.90 (m, 3H), 5.95 (s, 1H), 4.1-3.9 (m, 1H), 3.8-3.7 (m, 1H), 3.25-3.0 (m, 2H), 2.3 (s, 3H)

LCMS: 100%, m/z = 329.9 (M+l)

HPLC: 98.34%

Example 31

Preparation of 7-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-2-(4-methylDyridin-3-yl)-3, 4- dihydroisoauinolin-l(2H)-o

(31 A) 7-hy droxy-2-(4-methyl-pyridin-3 -yI)-3 ,4-dihydro- 2H-isoquinolin- 1 -one (27A: 50mg, 0.196mmol) was reacted with bromomethyl-cyclopropane (32mg, 0.236mmol) and 60% NaH (lOmg, 0.236mmol) in DMF (2mL) to afford the crude product.

Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (15% ethylacetate in hexane) afforded 250mg of the product (50% yield).

Ή NMR (300 MHz, CDC1 ₃ ): δ 8.5-8.4 (m, 2H), 7.60 (d, 1H), 7.30-7.15 (m, 2H), 7.16-7.02 (m, 1H), 4.10-3.93 (m, 1H), 3.93-3.80 (d, 2H), 3.80-3.70 (m, 1H), 3.2- 3.0 (m, 2H), 2.3 (s, 3H), 0.9-0.8 (m, 1H), 0.7-0.6 (m, 2H), 0.4-0.3 (m, 2H)

LCMS: 100%, m/z = 309.2 (M+l)

HPLC: 90.10%

Example 32

Preparation of2-(4-methylDyridin-3-yl)-l-oxo-l,2 ,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-7- carbonitrile (32 A):

Preparation of Intermediate 7-Amino-3, 4-dihvdro-2H-isoquinolin-l-one (I-32a)

(I-32a)

10% Pd/C (1 OOmg) was added to a solution of 7-nitro-3,4-dihydro-2H- isoquinolin-l-one (I-24a: 900mg, 4.6875mmol) in methanol (20mL) at room temperature under nitrogen atmosphere. The resulting mixture was hydrogenated at room temperature for 3.5 hours. The reaction was monitored by TLC (100% ethylacetate). The reaction mixture was filtered; the filtrate was concentrated and dried to afford 8 OOmg of the crude product which was used in the next step without further purification.

'H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO): 6 7.85-7.63 (bs, 1H), 7.10 (d, 1H), 6.93 (d, 1H), 6.7-6.6 (dd, 1H), 5.15 (s, 2H), 3.35-3.21 (m, 2H), 2.68 (t, 2H)

LCMS: 99.94%, m/z = 163.0 (M+l) Preparation of Intermediate 7-Iodo-3,4-dihvdro-2H-isoauinolin-l-one (I-32b):

(I-32b)

NaN0 ₂ (340mg, 4.9382mmol) was added to a solution of 7-amino-3,4- dihydro-2H-isoquinolin-l-one (I- 32a: 800mg, 4.9382mmol) in concentrated HC1 (2mL) and water (2mL) at 0°C. The reaction mixture was stirred at 0°C for 15 minutes. The resulting diazonium salt solution was added portion wise to a vigorously stirred biphasic mixture of DCM (25mL), potassium iodide (4.9g, 29.6242mmol), copper iodide (47mg, 0.25mmol) and water (8mL). The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction was monitored by TLC (80%

ethylacetate in hexane). The reaction mixture was diluted with DCM. The organic layer was washed with 10% Na ₂ S ₂ SC>3 solution, dried over Na ₂ S0 ₄ and concentrated. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (50% ethylacetate in hexane) afforded 640mg of the product (44.50% yield).

1H NMR (300 MHz, CDC1 ₃ ): δ 8.53-8.31 (m, 1H), 7.80-7.70 (m, 1H), 7.0 (d, 1H), 6.40-6.25 (bs, 1H), 3.70-3.51 (m, 2H), 3.0 (t, 2H)

LCMS: 100%, mix = 274.0 (M+l) Preparation of Intermediate l-Oxo-l,2,3.4'tetrahvdro-isoquinoline-7-carbonitrile (I- 32c):

(I-32c)

7-Iodo-3,4-dihydro-2H-isoquinolin-l-one (I-32b: 200mg, 0.7326mmol) in DMA (lmL) was added to a stirred solution of Pd(dba) ₃ (4.02mg, 0.0043mmol), Zn dust (1.9mg, 0.0293mmol), Dppf (7.77mg, 0.0095mmol) in DMA (lmL) previously degassed with argon for 15 mins. The reaction mixture was stirred for 5 mins. This was followed by the addition of Zn(CN) ₂ (51.6mg, 0.4395mmol) and the resulting mixture was heated to 120°C for 4hrs. The reaction was monitored by TLC (80% ethylacetate). The reaction mixture was diluted with ethylacetate and washed with 2N N¾OH solution. The organic layer was dried over Na ₂ S0 ₄ and concentrated.

Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (70% ethylacetate in hexane) afforded 80mg of the product (63.48% yield).

1H NMR (300 MHz, CDC1 ₃ ): δ 8.40 (s, 1H), 7.70 (d, 1H), 7.40-7.35 (d, 1H), 6.5-6.4 (bs, 1H), 3.7-3.6 (m, 2H), 3.10 (t, 2H)

Preparation of2-( 4-MethvI-pyridin-3-yl) - 1 -oxo- 1,2,3, 4-tetrahvdro-isoauinoline- 7- carbonitrile (32A):

Using analogous reaction conditions as described in Example 1, 1-oxo-l ,2,3,4- tetrahydro-isoquinoline-7-carbonitrile (I-32c: 120mg, 0.6976mmol) was reacted with 3-iodo-4-methyl-pyridine (152.7mg, 0.6976mmol), 1, 4-dioxane (5mL), copper iodide (13.2mg, 0.06976mmol), /rans-N,N'-dimemyl-cyclohexyl-l,2-diamine (40mL, 0.2092mmol) and potassium phosphate (369.7mg, 1.744mmol) to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (80% ethylacetate in hexane) afforded 70mg of the product (38.14% yield).

Ή NMR (300 MHz, CDC1 ₃ ): δ 8.55-8.40 (m, 3H), 7.86-7.70 (m, 1H), 7.43 (d, 1H), 7.25 (s, 1H), 4.1-4.0 (m, 1H), 3.90-3.76 (m, 1H), 3.38-3.20 (m, 2H), 2.3 (s, 3H)

LCMS: 98.61%, m/z = 264.0 (M+l)

HPLC: 98.08 %

Example 33

Preparation of 7-chloro-8-fluoro-2-(4-methylpyridin-3-yl)-3, 4-dihvdroisoquinolin- l(2H)-one (33A):

(33A)

Preparation of Intermediate I-Chloro-2-fluoro-4-(2-nitro-vinyl)-benzene (l-33a):

Using the same reaction procedure and workup as described in Example 1 , 4- chloro-3-fluoro-benzaldehyde (2g, 12.61mmol) in ethanol (20mL) was reacted with nitro methane (0.7mL, 12.61 mmol), ION NaOH solution (529mg, 12.61mmol) at 0°C for 2 hours to afford 1.1 g of the product (44% yield).

Ή NMR (300 MHz, CDC1 ₃ ): δ 8.0-7.9 (d, 1H), 7.60-7.45 (m, 2H), 7.40-7.25 (m, 2H)

Preparation of Intermediate 2-(4-Chloro-3-fluoro-vhenyl)-ethylamine 0-33b):

(I-33b)

l-Chloro-2-fluoro-4-(2-nitro-vinyl)-benzene (1-33 a: l .lg, 4.97mmol) in dry THF (8mL) was added to a stirred solution of lithium borohydride (433mg,

19.90mmol) and trimethylsilyl chloride (5mL, 39.66mmol) in dry THF (8mL) at 0°C. The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 78 hours. The reaction was monitored by TLC (10% methanol in DCM). The reaction mixture was cooled to 0°C, quenched with methanol and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford lg of the product (100% yield).

Ή NMR (300 MHz, DMSO): δ 7.55-7.50 (t, 1H), 7.40-7.30 (d, 1H), 7.2-7.1 (d, 1H), 3.0-2.85 (m, 4H)

LCMS: 87.44%, m/z = 174.0 (M+l)

Preparation of Intermeidate [2-(4-Chloro-3-fluoro-phenyl)-ethyll-carbamic acid ethyl ester (l-33c):

(I-33c)

Using the same reaction procedure and workup as described in Example 1 , 2- (4-chloro-3-fluoro-phenyl)-ethylamine (lg, 5.78mmol) in chloroform (12mL) was reacted with chloro ethyl formate (0.75g, 6.95mmol) and 2N Na ₂ C0 ₃ solution (12mL) at 0°C to afford 1.3g of the product (92% yield).

1H NMR (300 MHz, CDC1 ₃ ): δ 7.36-7.28 (m, 1H), 7.02-6.90 (m, 2H), 4.72- 4.60 (bs, 1H), 4.12 (q, 2H), 3.50-3.35 (m, 2H), 2.8 (t, 2H), 1.23 (t, 3H)

Preparation of Intermediate 7-Chloro-8-fluoro-3.4-dihvdro-2H-isoquinolin-l-one (I- 33d):

(I-33d)

Using the same reaction procedure and workup as described in example 1, [2-

(4-chloro-3-fluoro-phenyl)-ethyl]-carbamic acid ethyl ester (I-33c: 1.3g, 5.30mmol) in POCl ₃ (lOmL) was reacted with P ₂ 0 ₅ (1.5g, 10.60mmol) at 1 10°C for 1 hour to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (30% ethylacetate in hexane) afforded 1 0mg of the product (14% yield).

LCMS: 65.71%, m/z = 200.1 (M+l)

HPLC: 82.76%

Preparation of 7-Chloro-8-fluoro-2-(4-methyl-pyridin-3-yl)-3, 4-dihvdro-2H- isoauinolin-l-one (3 A)

Using analogous reaction conditions as described in Example 1 , 7-chloro-8- fluoro-3,4-dihydro-2H-isoquinolin-l-one (I-33d: 150mg, 0.753mmol) was reacted with 3 -iodo-4-methyl -pyridine (165mg, 0.73mmol), 1, 4-dioxane (lOmL), copper iodide (143mg, O.075mmol), tranii-N^'-dimethyl-cyclohexyl-l^-diamine (32mg, 0.225mmol) and potassium phosphate (399mg, 1.88mmol) to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (1 % methanol in CHC1 ₃ ) afforded 60mg of the product (27.6% yield).

1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO): δ 8.50 (s, 1H), 8.41 (d, 1H), 8.01 (d, 1H), 7.56 (d, 1H), 7.38 (d, 1H), 4.10-3.93 (m, 1H), 3.83-3.66 (m, 1H), 3.27-3.10 (m, 2H), 2.22 (s, 3H)

LCMS: 100%, m/z = 291.3 (M+l)

HPLC: 98.09% Example 34

Preparation of 8-chloro-7-il oro-2-(4-methylpyridin~3-yl)-3, 4~dihydroisoQuinolin-

Preparation of Intermediate 2-Chloro~l-fluoro-4-(2-nitro-vin l)-benzene (I-34a):

(I-34a)

Using the same reaction procedure and workup as described in Example 1, 3- chloro-4-fluoro-benzaldehyde (2g, 12.6135mmol) in ethanol (63mL) was reacted with nitro methane (0.68mL, 12.6135mmol), lON NaOH solution (529.7mL,

13.2441mmol) at 0°C for 1 hr to afford 1.7g of the product (67.05% yield).

1H NMR (300 MHz, CDC1 ₃ ): δ 7.95-7.90 (d, 1H), 7.65-7.40 (m, 3H), 7.3-7.2 (m, 1H)

Preparation of Intermediate 2-{3-Chloro-4-fluoro-phenyl)-ethylamine (I-34b):

(I-34b)

Using the same reaction procedure and workup as described in Example 33, 2-

Chloro-l-fluoro-4-(2-nitro-vinyl)-benzene (I-34a: 1.7g, 8.4577mmol) in dry THF (17mL) was reacted with lithium borohydride (736.8mg, 33.8308mmol) and trimethylsilyl chloride (8.6mL, 67.6616mmol) in dry THF (9mL) to afford 1.3g of the product (100% yield).

LCMS: 98.27%, m/z = 174.0 (M+l) Preparation of Intermediate [2-(3-Chloro-4-fluoro-phenyl)-ethyll-carbamic acid ethyl ester (I-34c):

(I-34c)

Using the same reaction procedure and workup as described in Example 1 , 2-

(3-chloro-4-fluoro-phenyl)-ethylamine (1-34b: 1.3g, 7.5144mmol) in chloroform (12mL) was reacted with chloro ethyl formate (0.918mL, 9.0173mmol) and 2N Na ₂ C0 ₃ solution (6mL) at 0°C to afford 1.3g of the product (92% yield).

Ή NMR (300 MHz, CDC1 ₃ ): δ 7.25-7.20 (d, 1H), 7.18-7.02 (m, 2H), 4.75- 4.62 (bs, 1H), 4.12 (q, 2H), 3.40 (q, 2H), 2.75 (t, 2H), 1.20 (t, 3H)

LCMS: 100%, m/z = 246.0 (M+l)

Preparation of Intermediate 8-ChlorO'7~fluoro-3,4-dihydro-2H-isoquinolin-l-one (I- 34d):

(I-34d)

Using the same reaction procedure and workup as described in Example 1 , [2- (3-chloro-4-fluoro-phenyl)-ethyl]-carbamic acid ethyl ester (I-34c: 1.4g, 5.7142mmol) in POCl ₃ (11.4mL) was reacted with P ₂ 0 ₅ (1.62g, 1 1.4285mmol) at 110°C for 2 hours to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (35% ethylacetate in hexane) afforded 250mg of the product (21.98% yield).

LCMS: 95.45%, m/z = 200.1 (M+l)

Preparation of 8-Chloro- 7-fluoro-2-f4-methyl-pyridin-3-yl)-3, 4-dihvdro-2H- isoquinolin-l-one (34A):

Using analogous reaction conditions as described in Example 1, 8-chloro-7- fluoro-3,4-dihydro-2H-isoquinolin-l-one (250mg, 1.2562mmol) was reacted with 3- iodo-4-methyl-pyridine (275.12mg, 1.2562mmol), 1 , 4-dioxane (lOmL), copper iodide (23.9mg, 0.12562mmol), rani-N,N'-dimethyl-cyclohexyl-l,2-diamine (60mL, 0.3768mmol) and potassium phosphate (665.7mg, 3.1405mmol) to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (40% ethylacetate in hexane) afforded lOOmg of the product (27.44% yield).

1H NMR (300 MHz, CDC1 ₃ ): δ 8.50-8.40 (bs, 2H), 7.91 (d, 1H), 7.36 (d, 1H), 7.31-7.22 (m, 1H), 4.10-3.96 (m, 1H), 3.85-3.72 (m, 1H), 3.28-3.04 (m, 2H), 2.3 (s, 3H)

LCMS: 99.79%, m/z = 291.0 (M+l)

HPLC: 94.67%

Example 35

Preparation of 2-(4-methylpyridin-3-yl)- 7-(4-(triiluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yloxy)-3, 4- dihydroisoquinolin-1 (2H)-one (35C) :

(35C)

Preparation of Intermediate [2-(4-Methoxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-carbamic acid ethyl ester

MM:

(I-35a)

Using the same reaction procedure and workup as described in Example 1 , 2-

(4-methoxy-phenyl)-ethylamine (lOg, 66.22mmol) in chloroform (128mL) was reacted with chloro ethyl formate (8.623g, 79.47mmol) and 2N Na C0 ₃ solution (128mL) at 0°C to afford 14g of the product (95% yield).

1H NMR (300 MHz, CDC1 ₃ ): δ 7.10 (d, 2H), 6.85 (d, 2H), 4.78-4.56 (bs, 1H), 4.10 (q, 2H), 3.80 (s, 3H), 3.51-3.21 (m, 2H), 2.74 (t, 2H), 1.2 (t, 3H)

Preparation of Intermediate 7-Methoxy-3A-dihvdro-2H-isoquinolin-l-one (1- 5b):

(1-35b)

[2-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-carbamic acid ethyl ester (1-35 a: lOg,

44.84mmol) was added to PPA (lOOmg) at 145°C. The resulting mixture was stirred at 145°C for 45 minutes. The reaction was monitored by TLC (50% ethylacetate in hexane). The reaction mixture was quenched with chilled water and extracted with ethylacetate. The organic layer was washed with brine solution, dried over Na ₂ S0 ₄ and concentrated. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (40% ethylacetate in hexane) afforded 1.8g of the product (22.69% yield).

1H NMR (300 MHz, CDC1 ₃ ): δ 7.62-7.54 (d, 1H), 7.15-7.10 (d, 1H), 7.05-6.95

(m, 1H), 6.20-6.04 (bs, 1H), 3.85 (s, 3H), 3.6-3.5 (m, 2H), 2.94 (t, 2H)

LCMS: 100%, m/z = 178.1 (M+l)

Preparation of 7-Methoxy-2-(4-methyl-pwidin-3-yl)-3, 4-dikvdro-2H-isoquinolin~l- one (35A):

Using analogous reaction conditions as described in Example 1, 7-methoxy- 3,4-dihydro-2H-isoquinolin-l-one (I-35b: lg, 5.64mmol) was reacted with 3-iodo-4- methyl-pyridine (1.237g, 5.64mmol), 1 , 4-dioxane (300mL), copper iodide (107.4mg, 0.564mmol), ira«5-N,N'-dimethyl-cycIohexyl-l,2-diamine (240.2mg, 1.69mmoI) and potassium phosphate (2.98g, 141mmol) to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (40% ethylacetate in hexane) afforded 850mg of the product (56% yield).

1H NMR (300 MHz, CDC1 ₃ ): δ 8.52-8.40 (bs, 2H), 7.72-7.64 (bs, 1 H), 7.3-7.0

(m, 3H), 4.10-3.95 (m, 1H), 3.95-3.70 (m, 4H), 3.3-3.0 (m, 2H), 2.30 (s, 3H)

LCMS: 73.83%, m/z = 269.1 (M+l)

Preparation of 7-Hvdroxy-2-(4-methyl-pyridin-3-yl)-3 -dihvdro-2H-isoquinolin-l- one (35B):

Boran tri-bromide in DCM (lOmL) was added to a stirred solution of 7- methoxy-2-(4-methyl-pyridin-3-yl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-isoquinolin - 1 -one (35A: 1.1 g, 4.104mmol) in DCM (20mL) at 0°C. The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hours. The reaction was monitored by TLC (10% methanol in DCM). The reaction mixture was quenched with methanol and concentrated. The concentrate was partitioned between water and DCM. The organic layer was washed with brine solution, dried over Na ₂ S0 and concentrated. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (3% methanol in DCM) afforded 850mg of the product (77% yield).

1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO): δ 9.81-9.52 (bs, 1H), 8.92 (s, 1H), 8.72 (d, 1H), 7.93 (d, 1H), 7.35 (d, 1H), 7.23 (d, 1H), 7.0 (dd, 1H), 4.1-4.0 (m, 1H), 3.82-3.70 (m, 1H), 3.19 (s, 2H), 2.40 (s, 3H)

LCMS: 98.6%, m/z = 255.2 (M+l)

Preparation of 2-(4-Methyl-pyridin-3-yl) -7-( 4-trifl uoromethyl-pyridin-2-yloxy)-3, 4- dihydro-2H-isoquinolin-l -one (35 C) :

2-Chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-pyridine (97mg, 0.59mmol), KOH (26.4mg, 0.47 lmmol) and 18-crown-6-ether (156mg, 0.59mmol) were added to a solution of 7- hydroxy-2-(4-methyl-pyridin-3-yl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-isoquinolin - 1-one (35B: lOOmg, 0.393mmol) in toluene (3mL). The resulting mixture was heated to 110°C for 3 hours. The reaction was monitored by TLC (50% ethylacetate in hexane). The reaction mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (30% ethylacetate in hexane) afforded 20mg of the product (12.8% yield).

Ή NMR (300 MHz, CDC1 ₃ ): δ 8.5-8.4 (bs, 2H), 8.35 (d, 1H), 7.95 (d, 1H), 7.48-7.20 (m, 5H), 4.2-4.0 (m, 1H), 3.90-3.73 (m, 1H), 3.39-3.10 (m, 2H), 2.3 (s, 3H) LCMS: 100%, m/z = 399.7 (M+l)

HPLC: 95.8 %

Example 36 Preparation of 2-(pwidin-3-yl)-7-(trifluoromethyl)isoquinolin-l(2H)~one (36A):

(36A)

Preparation of Intermediate 2-Pwidin-3-yl-7-trifluoromethyl-2H-isoquinolin-l-one

(I-36a)

Using analogous reaction conditions as described in Example 1, 7- trifluoromethyl-2H-isoquinolin-l-one (I-29d: 0.12g, 0.56mmol) was reacted with 3- bromo-pyridine (0.106g, 0.6mmol), DMSO (2mL), copper iodide (0.021 g,

0.12mmol), 8-hydroxy-quinoline (0.018g, 0.12mmol) and potassium carbonate

(0.15g, 1.lmmol) to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (0.5% methanol in DCM) afforded 96mg of the product (70.58% yield).

Ή NMR (300 MHz, DMSO): δ 9.0-8.6 (m, 2H), 8.5 (s, 1H), 8.2-7.9 (m, 3H), 7.75-7.60 (m, 2H), 6.91 (d, 1H)

LCMS: 92.35%, m/z = 291.0 (M+l)

HPLC: 93.28%

Example 37

Preparation of 7-(5-fluoropyrimidin-2-yloxy)-2-(4-methylpyridin-3-yl)-3, 4- dihydroisoquinolin-l(2H)-one (37 A):

(37A)

60% NaH (13mg, 0.33mmol) was added to a stirred solution of 7-hydroxy-2- (4-methyl-pyridin-3-yl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-isoquinolin-l-one Γ27Α: 70mg, 0.275mmol) in DMF (2mL) at 0°C. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. This was followed by the addition of 2-chloro-5-fluoro-pyrimidine (44mg, 0.33mmoi) at 0°C and stirring was continued for a further 1 hour at room temperature. The reaction was monitored by TLC (5% methanol in DCM). The reaction mixture was quenched with chilled water and extracted with ethylacetate. The organic layer was washed with brine solution, dried over Na ₂ S0 ₄ and concentrated. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (2% methanol in DCM) afforded lOmg of the product (10.4% yield).

1H NM (300 MHz, CDC1 ₃ ): 5 8.50-8.40 (m, 3H), 7.95 (d, 1H), 7.4-7.3 (m, 2H), 7.25 (m, 2H), 4.16-4.0 (m, 1H), 3.88-3.74 (m, 1H), 3.36-3.12 (m, 2H), 2.3 (s, 3H)

LCMS: 100%, m/z - 351.0 (M+l)

HPLC: 98.73% Example 38

Preparation of 9-ethyl-2-(4-methylpyridin-3-yl)-2, 3, 4.9-tetrahydro-l H-pyridof 3.4- blindol-l-one (38A):

(38A)

Preparation of Intermediate JH-Jndole-3-carbaldehvde (I-38a):

(1-38a)

lH-Indole (lOg, 85.360mmol) in DMF (lOmL) was added dropwise to a stirred solution of POCI3 (8.67mL, 93.896mmol) in DMF over a period of 10 minutes at 0°C. The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. The reaction was monitored by TLC (40% ethylacetate in hexane). The reaction mixture was quenched with chilled water, followed by the addition of aqueous NaOH solution and refluxed at 100°C for 15 minutes. The reaction mixture was cooled to room

temperature and maintained at 0°C overnight. The precipitate formed was collected, washed with water and dried to afford 11.6g of the product (94% yield).

1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO): δ 12.40-12.0 (bs, 1H), 9.93 (s, 1H), 8.30 (s, 1H), 8.1 (d, 1H), 7.5 (d, 1H), 7.30-7.20 (m, 2H)

LCMS: 100%, m/z = 146.0 (M+l)

Preparation of Intermediate l-Ethyl-IH-indole-3-carbaldehvde (1-38b):

(1-38b)

NaH (1.51g, 37.891mmol) was added to a solution of lH-indole-3- carbaldehyde (1-38a: 5g, 34.447mmol) in dry DMF (40mL) at 0°C and the reaction mixture was stirred for 5 minutes. This was followed by dropwise addition of ethyl iodide (6.45g, 41.336mmol) over a period of 5 mins and stirring was continued for a further lhr. The reaction was monitored by TLC (40% ethylacetate in hexane). The reaction mixture was quenched with chilled water and filtered. The residue was washed with water and dried to afford 5.2g of the product (86% yield).

1H NMR (300 MHz, CDC1 ₃ ): δ 10.0 (s, 1H), 8.3 (d, 1H), 7.79 (s, 1H), 7.4-7.2 (m, 3H), 4.25 (q, 2H), 1.60 (t, 3H)

LCMS: 100%, m/z = 174.0 (M+l)

Preparation of Intermediate l-Ethyl-3-(2-nitro-vinyl)-lH-indole (I-38c):

(1-38c)

1 -Ethyl- lH-indole-3-carbaldehyde (I-38b: 5.2g, 29.885mmol), nitromethane (46.81mL, 866.66mmol) and ammonium acetate (1.17g, 15.241mmol) were taken in a reaction flask. The flask was refluxed for 16 hours under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction was monitored by TLC (25% ethylacetate in hexane). The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and the reaction mixture was partitioned between water and ethylacetate. The organic layer was washed with water, brine solution, dried over Na ₂ S0 ₄ and concentrated to afford 4.8g of the product (75% yield).

Ή NMR (300 MHz, CDC1 ₃ ): δ 8.30 (d, 1H), 7.89-7.70 (m, 2H), 7.60 (s, 1H),

7.50-7.29 (m, 3H), 4.24 (q, 2H), 1.62-1.42 (t, 3H)

LCMS: 98.73%, m/z = 217.0 (M+l)

Preparation of Intermediate 2-( -Ethyl-lH~indol-3-yl)-ethylamme (I-38d):

(1-38d)

Using analogous reaction conditions and workup as described in Example 1 , l-ethyl-3-(2-nitro-vinyl)- lH-indole (4.8g, 22.018mmol) in dry THF (25mL) was reacted with LAH (4.17g, 110.09 lmmol) in dry THF (25mL). The resulting mixture was refluxed for 16 hours under nitrogen atmosphere to afford 4.1 g of the product (98% yield).

Ή NMR (300 MHz, CDC1 ₃ ): δ 7.62 (d, 1H), 7.38-7.30 (d, 1H), 7.28-7.16 (m, 1H), 7.16-7.02 (t, 1H), 6.97 (s, 1H), 4.2-4.1 (q, 2H), 3.05-3.0 (t, 2H), 2.95-2.90 (t, 2H), 1.5-1.4 (t, 3H)

Preparation of Intermediate [2~(l-Eth.yl-lH-indol-3-yl)-ethyll-carbamic acid ethyl ester (l-38e):

(1-38e)

2-(l-Ethyl-lH-indol-3-yl)-ethylamine fl-38d: 4.1 g, 21.578mmol) in chloroform (40mL) was reacted with chloro ethyl formate (2.46mL, 25.894mmol) and 2N Na ₂ C0 ₃ solution (40mL) at 0°C to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (10% ethylacetate in hexane) afforded 4.2g of the product (72% yield).

1H NMR (300 MHz, CDC1 ₃ ): δ 7.62 (d, 1H), 7.35 (d, 1H), 7.28-7.20 (m, 1H), 7.16-7.10 (m, 1H), 6.98 (s, 1H), 4.8-4.7 (bs, 1H), 4.20-4.10 (m, 4H), 3.60-3.40 (q, 2H), 2.98 (t, 2H), 1.48 (t, 3H), 1.24 (t, 3H)

LCMS: 71.96%, m/z - 261.1 (M+l) :

(I-38f)

[2-(l-Ethyl-lH-indol-3-yl)-ethyl]-carbamic acid ethyl ester (1-38e: 4.2g, I6.091mmol) in POCl ₃ (42mL) was reacted with P ₂ O _s (4.56g, 32.183mmol) at 120°C for lhr to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (70% ethylacetate in hexane) afforded 0.3 lOg of the product (9% yield).

1H NMR (300 MHz, CDC1 ₃ ): δ 7.62 (d, 1H), 7.44-7.30 (m, 2H), 7.20-7.12 (m,

1H), 5.70-5.50 (bs, 1H), 4.69 (q, 2H), 3.70-3.60 (m, 2H), 3.08 (t, 2H), 1.40 (t, 3H) LCMS: 95.59%, m/z = 215.1 (M+l)

Prevaration of 9-Ethyl-2-(4-methyl-pyridin-3-yl)-2, 3, 4, 9-tetrahydro-b-carbolin-l-one (38A):

9-Ethyl-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-b-carbolin-l-one (I-38f: O. lg, 0.4672mmol) was reacted with 3-iodo-4-methyl-pyridine (0.102g, 0.4672mmol), 1, 4-dioxane (15mL), copper iodide (0.0089g, 0.0467mmol), /rara-N,N'-dimethyl-cyclohexyl-l,2-diamine (0.019g, 0.01401mmol) and potassium phosphate (0.247g, 1.168mmol) to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (70% ethylacetate in hexane), followed by preparative HPLC afforded 0.019g of the product (13.3% yield).

1H NMR (300 MHz, CDC1 ₃ ): δ 8.55-8.40 (m, 2H), 7.65 (d, 1H), 7.52-7.33 (m, 2H), 7.32-7.12 (m, 2H), 4.78-4.58 (m, 2H), 4.20-4.10 (m, 1H), 4.0-3.8 (m, 1H), 3.32- 3.19 (m, 2H), 2.32 (s, 3H), 1.4 (t, 3H)

LCMS: 100%, m/z = 306.0 (M+l)

HPLC: 95.19% Example 39

Preparation of 8-(cyclopropylmethylamino)-7-fluoro-2-< ^' 4-methylpyridin-3-yl)-3.4- dihydroisoquinoUn-l(2H)-one, acetate salt (39 A):

(39A)

Palladium acetate (0.58mg, 0.0025mmol), X-Phos (3.69g, 0.0077mmol), t- BuOH (0.66g, 0.005mol) and water were taken in a sealed tube under argon atmosphere. The reaction mixture was heated to 80°C for 1 minute. This was followed by the addition of K ₂ C0 ₃ (49.9mg, 0.3620mmol), 8-chloro-7-fiuoro-2-(4-methyl- pyridin-3-yl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-isoquinolin-l-one (34A: 75mg, 0.2586mmol) and C- cyclopropyl-methylamine (22mg, O.3103mmol) under argon atmosphere. The resulting mixture was refluxed at 110°C for 1 hour. The reaction was monitored by TLC (100% ethylacetate). The reaction mixture was partitioned between water and ethylacetate. The organic layer was washed with brine solution, dried over Na ₂ S0 ₄ and concentrated. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (50% ethylacetate in hexane), followed by preparative HPLC afforded 9mg of the product (10.72% yield).

Ή NMR (300 MHz, CDC1 ₃ ): δ 8.50-8.40 (m, 1H), 7.7 (d, 1H), 7.22 (d, 1H), 6.43 (d, 1H), 5.7-5.1 (m, IH), 4.65-4.40 (bs, 1H), 4.1-3.9 (m, 1H), 3.8-3.6 (m, IH), 3.26-2.95 (m, 4H), 2.3 (s, 3H), 2.0 (s, 2H), 1.22-1.06 (m, IH), 0.62 (m, 2H), 0.3 (m, 2H)

LCMS: 95.3%, m/z - 326.1 (M+l)

HPLC: 90.43%

Example 40

Preparation of 6, 7-dimethoxy-2-{4-met ylpyridin-3-yl)-3.4-dihvdroisoquinolin-l(2H)- one (40A):

(40A)

Preparation of Intermediate l 2-Dimethoxy-4-(2-nitro-vinyl)-benzene (I-40a):

(I-40a)

Using analogous reaction conditions and workup as described in Example 1, 3,4-dimethoxy-benzaldehyde (10g, 0.06017mmol) in ethanol (200mL) was reacted with nitro methane (3.4mL, 0.06017mmol) and 10N NaOH (2.52g) to afford lOg of the product (79.55% yield).

Preparation of Intermediate 2- 3,4-Dimethoxy-phenyl)-ethylamine (I-40b):

(I-40b)

Using the same procedure and workup as described in Example 15, 1,2- dimethoxy-4-(2-nitro-vinyl)-benzene (I-40a: 4g, 19.13mmol) in dry THF (66mL) was reacted with L1BH4 (1.6g, 76.55mmol) and chloro trimethyl silane (19.3mL,

152.6mmol) at 0°C, The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 72 hours to afford 3.46g of the product (100% yield).

1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO): δ 8.50-8.18 (bs, 2H), 7.10-6.51 (m, 3H), 3.84- 3.60 (d, 6H), 3.21-2.61 (m, 4H)

Preparation of Intermediate f2-(3.4~Dimethoxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-carbamic acid ethyl ester (1-4 Oc):

(I-40c) Using analagous conditions and workup as described in Example 1, 2 -(3,4- dimethoxy-phenyl)-ethylamine (I-40b: 3.4g, 18.784mmol) in chloroform (38mL) was reacted with chloro ethyl formate (2.2mL, 22.54mmol) and 2N Na ₂ C03 solution (38mL) to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (5% ethylacetate in hexane) afforded 2.8g of the product (60% yield).

1H NMR (300 MHz, CDC1 ₃ ): δ 6.85-6.65 (m, 3H), 4.75-4.60 (bs, 1H), 4.22- 4.02 (m, 2H), 3.87 (s, 6H), 3.40 (q, 2H), 2.75 (t, 2H), 1.22 (t, 3H)

Preparation of Intermediate 6 -Dimethoxy~3,4-dihydro-2H-isoquinolin~l-one (I- 40d):

(I-40d)

Using an analogous procedure and workup as described in Example 35, [2- (3,4-dimethoxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-carbamic acid ethyl ester (I-40c: 2.8g) was reacted with PPA (28g) at 140°C for 10 minutes to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (40% ethylacetate in hexane) afforded 400mg of the product (17.4% yield).

1H NMR (300 MHz, CDC1 ₃ ): δ 7.58 (s, 1H), 6.68 (s, 1H), 5.94-5.80 (bs, 1H), 3.94 (s, 6H), 3.60-3.50 (m, 2H), 3.0-2.9 (t, 2H)

LCMS: 100%, m/z = 208.1 (M+ 1)

Preparation of 6, 7-Dimethoxy~2~(4-methyl^yridin~3-yl)-3 -dihvdro-2H-isoquinolin- 1-one (40A):

Using analogous reaction conditions as described in Example 1, 6,7- dimethoxy-3.4-dihydro-2H-isoquinolin- 1 -one (I-40d: lOOmg, 0.483mmol) was reacted with 3-iodo-4-methyl-pyridine (105mg, 0.483mmol), 1 , 4-dioxane (lOmL), copper iodide (9.2mg, 0.0483mmol), frans-N^'-dimethyl-cyclohexyl-l^-diamine (21.5mg, 0.144mmol) and potassium phosphate (255mg, 1.207mmol) to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (40% ethylacetate in hexane) afforded 35mg of the product (24% yield). Ή NMR (300 MHz, CDC1 ₃ ): 6 8.50-8.40 (m, 2H), 7.64 (s, IH), 7.32-7.20 (m, IH), 6.72 (s, IH), 4.10-3.92 (m, 7H), 3.84-3.70 (m, IH), 3.29-3.0 (m, 2H), 2.30 (s, 3H)

LCMS: 100%, m/z = 299.1 (M+l)

HPLC: 95.20%

Example 41

Preparation of 6, 7~dichloro-2-(4-methylpyridin-3-yl)-3A~dihvdroisoquinolin-l( 2H)~ one (41A):

(1-4 la)

Using an analogous reaction procedure and workup as described in Example 1 ,

3,4-dichloro-benzaldehyde (5.6g, 41.481mmol) in ethanol (56mL) was reacted with nitro methane (2.3mL, 41.481mmol), 10N NaOH solution (1.65g, 41.481mmol) at 0°C for 1 hour to afford 5. lg of the product (75% yield).

1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCI3): δ 7.95 (d, IH), 7.7-7.5 (m, 3H), 7.40 (dd, IH)

Preparation of Intermediate 2-{3.4-Dichloro-phenyl)-ethylamine (1-4 lb):

(1-4 lb)

Using an analogous procedure and workup as described in Example 15, 1,2- dichloro-4-(2-nitro- viny l)-benzene (1-4 la: 5.1 g, 23.831 mmol) in dry THF (51 mL) was reacted with L1BH4 (2.1g, 95.327mmol) and chloro trimethyl silane (20.71g, 190.64mmol) at 0°C. The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 72 hours to afford 3.43g of the crude product which was used in the next step without further purification.

Preparation of Intermediate f2-(3,4-Dichloro-phenyl)-ethylJ-carbamic acid ethyl ester (1-4 lc):

(I-41c)

Using an analogous reaction procedure and workup as described in Example 1, 2-(3,4- dichloro-phenyl)-ethylamine (1-4 lb: 4.3g, 22.75 lmmol) in chloroform (43mL) was reacted with chloro ethyl formate (2.6mL, 27.30 lmmol) and 2N Na ₂ C0 ₃ solution (43mL) to afford 3.5g of the product (59% yield).

1H NMR (300 MHz, CDC1 ₃ ): δ 7.40-7.25 (m, 2H), 7.05-7.0 (d, 1H), 4.82-4.60 (bs, 1H), 4.20-4.05 (m, 2H), 3.40 (q, 2H), 2.75 (t, 2H), 1.25 (t, 3H)

LCMS: 96.39%, m/z - 261.9 (M+l)

Preparation of Intermediate 6, 7-Dichloro-3,4-dihydro-2H-isoquinolin-l-one (1-41 d):

(1-41 d)

Using an analogous reaction procedure and workup as described in Example 1 , [2-(3,4-dichloro-phenyl)-ethyl]-carbamic acid ethyl ester (I-41c: 3.5g, 13.409mmol) in POCl ₃ (35mL) was reacted with P ₂ 0 ₅ (3.80g, 26.819mmol) at 120°C for 1 hour to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (30% ethylacetate in hexane) afforded 0.350g of the crude product which was used in the next step without further purification.

LCMS: 64.62%, m/z = 216.0 (M+l)

Preparation of 6.7~Dichloro-2-(4-methyl-pyridin-3~yl)-3 -dihydro-2H-isoquinolin-l- one (41A): Using an analogous reaction conditions as described in example 1 , 6,7- dichloro-3,4-dihydro-2H-isoquinolin-l-one f 1-4 Id: 0.15g, 0.6944mmol) was reacted with 3-iodo-4-methyl-pyridine (0.152g, 0.6944mmol), 1,4-dioxane (20mL), copper iodide (0.013g, 0.0494mmol), trans-N,N'-dimemyl-cyclohexyl-l ,2-diamine (0.032 mL, 0.2083 mmol) and potassium phosphate (0.368g, 1.736mmol) to afford the crude product. Purification by preparative HPLC afforded 18mg of the product (8.4% yield).

1H NMR (300 MHz, CDC1 ₃ ): δ 8.50-8.45 (m, 2H), 8.22 (s, 1H), 7.41 (s, 1H), 7.34-7.25 (m, 1H), 4.10-3.95 (m, 1H), 3.87-3.72 (m, 1H), 3.30-3.09 (m, 2H), 2.30 (s, 3H)

LCMS: 99.25%, m/z = 309.0 (M+2)

HPLC: 99.3%

Example 42

Preparation of 9-ethvI-3-methyl-2-{pyridin~3-vI)-2,3,4.9-tetrahvdro-lH-Dyri do[3.4- bjindol-l-one (42A):

(42A)

Preparation of Intermediate l-Ethyl-3-(2-nitro-propenyl)-lH-indole (nitroethane)(l- 42al:

(I-42a)

Using an analogous reaction procedure and workup as described in Example 38, 1 -ethyl- lH-indole-3-carbaldehyde (1-38b: 6g, 34.482mmol) was reacted with nitro ethane (71.7mL, lOOO.Ommol), ammonium acetate (1.65g, 41.481mmol) to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (25% ethylacetate in hexane) afforded 6g of the product (75% yield). 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDC1 ₃ ): δ 8.55 (s, 1H), 7.85 (d, 1H), 7.50 (s, 1H), 7.45- 7.28 (m, 3H), 4.30 (q, 2H), 2.59 (s, 3H), 1.60 (t, 3H)

LCMS: 94.74%, m/z = 231.1 (M+l) Preparation of Intermediate 2-(l-Ethyl-lH-indol-3-yl)-l-methyl-ethylamine (I-42b):

(I-42b)

Using analogous reaction conditions and workup as described in Example 1, l-ethyl-3-(2-nitro-propenyl)-lH-indole (I-42a: 6g, 25.9740mmol) in dry THF (30mL) was reacted with LAH (4.92g, 129.870mmol) in dry THF (30mL). The resulting mixture was refluxed for 12 hrs under nitrogen atmosphere to afford 5.2g of the product (98% yield).

1H NMR (300 MHz, CDC1 ₃ ): δ 7.66-7.60 (d, 1H), 7.38-7.18 (m, 2H), 7.14- 7.08 (m, 1H), 6.98 (s, 1H), 4.2-4.1 (q, 2H), 3.35-3.20 (m, 1H), 2.95-2.85 (m, 1H), 2.7- 2.6 (m, 1H), 1.46 (t, 3H), 1.2-1.1 (d, 3H)

Preparation of Intermediate f2-(l-Ethyl-lH-indol-3-yl)-I -methyl-ethyl] -carbamic acid ethyl ester (I-42c):

(I-42c)

Using an analogous reaction procedure and workup as described in Example 1 , 2-(l -ethyl- lH-indol-3-yl)-l-methyl-ethylamine (I-42b: 5.2g, 25.6157mmol) in chloroform (52mL) was reacted with chloro ethyl formate (2.92mL, 30.7389mmol) and 2N Na ₂ C0 ₃ solution (52mL) to afford 6g of the product (85% yield). 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDC1 ₃ ): δ 7.64 (d, 1H), 7.36-7.18 (m, 2H), 7.14-7.06 (m, 1H), 6.96 (s, 1H), 4.7-4.5 (bs, 1H), 4.2-4.0 (m, 4H), 3.10-2.80 (m, 2H), 1.45 (t, 3H), 1.30-1.10 (m, 6H) Preparation of Intermediate 9-Ethyl-3-methyl-2,3.4,9-tetrahydro-b-carbolin-l-one (I-

42d):

(I-42d)

Using an analogous reaction procedure and workup as described in Example 1, [2-(l -ethyl- lH-indol-3-yl)-l -methyl-ethyl] -carbamic acid ethyl ester (I-42c: 3g, 10.8695mmol) in POCl ₃ (30mL) was reacted with P ₂ 0 ₅ (3.080g, 21.739mmol) at 120°C for 1 hour to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (25% ethylacetate in hexane) afforded 0.400g of the product (16.1% yield).

1H NMR (300 MHz, CDC1 ₃ ): δ 7.60 (d, 1H), 7.45-7.30 (m, 2H), 7.20-7.10 (m,

1H), 5.42-5.38 (bs, 1H), 4.78-4.55 (m, 2H), 4.10-3.95 (m, 1H), 3.14-3.04 (dd, 1H), 2.84-2.72 (m, 1H), 1.44-1.36 (m, 6H)

LCMS: 92.16%, m/z = 229.1 (M+l) Preparation of 9-Ethyl-3-methyl-2-pyridin-3-yl-2, 3, 4, 9-tetrahvdro-b-carbolin-l-one (42ΑΪ:

Using analogous reaction conditions as described in Example 1 , 9-ethyl-3- methyl-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-b-carbolin-l-one (I-42d: O.lg, 0.4386mmol) was reacted with 3-bromo-pyridine (0.069g, 0.4386mmol), 1, 4-dioxane (15mL), copper iodide (0.008g, 0.0438mmol), trans-N,N'-dimethyl-cyclohexyl-l ,2-diamine (0.018mg, O.1315mmol) and potassium phosphate (0.232g, 1.096mmol) to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (70% ethylacetate in hexane) afforded 46mg of the product (34% yield).

1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCI3): δ 8.68 (d, 1H), 8.55 (d, 1H), 7.78-7.72 (m, 1 H), 7.65 (d, 1H), 7.53-7.32 (m, 3H), 7.26-7.12 (m, 1H), 4.8-4.6 (m, 2H), 4.45-4.30 (m, 1H), 3.65-3.46 (dd, 1H), 3.10-3.0 (dd, 1H), 1.50-1.32 (m, 6H) LCMS: 100%, m/z = 306.4 (M+l)

HPLC: 90.23%

Example 43

Preparation of 3-Methyl-2-pyridin-3-yl- 7-trifluoromethyl-3, 4-dihydro-2H- isoquinolin-l-one (43A):

(43A)

Preparation of Intermediate I-f2-Nitro-propenyl)-4-trifluoromethyl-benze (I-43a):

(I-43a)

Nitro ethane (30.94mL, 430.73mmol) was added to 4-trifluoromethyl- benzaldehyde (5g, 28.71mmol) and ammonium acetate (6.64g, 86.15mmol) and the resulting mixture was refluxed at 115°C overnight. The reaction was monitored by TLC (10% ethylacetate in hexane). The reaction mass was cooled and partitioned between ethylacetate and water. The organic layer was washed with water, brine solution, dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate and concentrated. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (2% ethylacetate in hexane) afforded 2.85g of the product (42.93% yield).

1H NMR (300 MHz, CDC1 ₃ ): δ 8.09 (s, 1H), 7.76-7.68 (m, 2H), 7.58-7.50 (m, 2H), 2.42 (s, 3H)

Preparation of Intermediate l-Methyl-2-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-ethylamine (I-

43b):

(I-43b)

l-(2-Nitro-propenyl)-4-trifluoromethyl-benzene (1-43 a: 2.85g, 12.33mmol) was reacted with L1AIH4 (1.87g, 49.3 lmmol) in dry THF (40mL). The resulting mixture was refluxed for 5 hours at 70°C. The reaction was monitored by TLC (20% ethylacetate in hexane). The reaction mass was cooled to 0°C, quenched with 10% NaOH solution (2mL) and stirred for 20 minutes. The precipitated solid was filtered, washed with DCM and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford 2.5g of the crude product which was used for the next step without further purification. LCMS: m/z = 204.1 (M+l)

Preparation of Intermediate []-Methyl-2-f4-trifluoromethvI-phenyl)-ethyl]-carbamic acid ethyl ester (1-43c):

(I-43c)

1 -Methyl -2-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-ethylamine (l-43b: 2.5g,

0.01476mmol) in CHCI3 (25mL) was reacted with chloro ethyl formate (1.69mL, 0.0177mmol) and 2N Na ₂ C0 ₃ solution (25mL) at 0°C. The resulting mixture was stirred at 0°C for 3 hours to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (2% ethylacetate in hexane) afforded 420mg of the product (12.4% yield).

Ή NMR (300 MHz, CDC1 ₃ ): δ 7.62-7.52 (m, 2H), 7.34-7.24 (m, 2H), 4.6-4.3 (m, 1H), 4.15-4.05 (m, 2H), 3.0-2.7 (m, 2H), 1.4-1.1 (m, 6H). LCMS: 72.15%, m/z = 277.0 (M+2)

Preparation of Intermediate 3~Methyl-7-trifluoromethyl-3.4-dihvdro-2H-isoquinolin- 1-one (I-43d):

(I-43d)

[l-Methyl-2-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-ethyl]-carbamic acid ethyl ester Q- 43c: 420mg, 1.525mmol) in POCl ₃ (4.2mL) was refluxed with P ₂ 0 ₅ (433mg, 3.05mmol) at 1 10°C for 2 hours to afford the crude product. The reaction was monitored by TLC (20% ethylacetate in hexane). Purification by column

chromatography on silica gel (40% ethylacetate in hexane) afforded 40mg of the product (11.46% yield).

1H NMR (300 MHz, CDC1 ₃ ): δ 8.37 (s, 1H), 7.72 (d, 1H), 7.36 (d, 1H), 6.1-6.0 (m, 1H), 4.0-3.85 (m, 1H), 3.10-2.80 (m, 2H), 1.36 (d, 3H)

Preparation of 3-Methyl-2-pyridin-3-yl- 7-trifluoromethyl-3, 4-dihvdro-2H- isoquinolin-l-one (43A):

3-Methyl-7-trifluoromethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-isoquinolin-l-one (I-43d: 40mg, 0.1745mmol) was reacted with 3-bromo-pyridine (19mg, 0.1163mmol), 1,4-dioxane (5mL), copper iodide (4mg), tra/i^N,N'-dimethyl-cyclohexyl-l,2-diamine (8mg) and potassium phosphate (93mg, 0.4363mmol). The reaction was monitored by TLC (50% ethylacetate in hexane). The reaction mass was concentrated under reduced pressure and partitioned between ethylacetate and water. The organic layer was washed with water, brine solution, dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate and concentrated. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (100%

ethylacetate in hexane) followed by washing with hexane and ether afforded 22mg of the product (41.15% yield).

1H NMR (300 MHz, CDC1 ₃ ): δ 8.75-8.40 (m, 3H), 7.75 (t, 2H), 7.4 (d, 2H), 4.4-4.2 (m, 1H), 3.62 (dd, 1H), 2.98 (dd, 1H), 1.25 (d, 3H). LCMS: 99.55%, m/z = 307.0 (M+l). HPLC: 94.33%.

Example 44

Preparation of 5-fluoro-8-methoxy-2-(4-methylpyridin-3-yl)-3, 4-dihydroisoquinolin- l(2H)-one (44A):

(44A)

Preparation of Intermediate l-Fluoro-4-methoxy-2-(2-nitro-vim>l)-benzene (I-44a):

(I-44a)

2-Fluoro-5-methoxy-benzaldehyde (4g, 25.95mmol) was reacted with nitro methane (1.58g, 25.95mmol), ION NaOH (2.2mL, 27.24 mmol) to afford 3g of the product (58.7% yield).

1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCI3): δ 8.0 (d, 1H), 7.7 (d, 1H), 7.20-6.95 (in, 3H), 3.81 (s, 3H)

Preparation of Intermediate 2-(2-Fluoro-5-methoxy-phenyl)-ethylamine (I-44b):

(I-44b)

l-Fluoro-4-methoxy-2-(2-nitro-vinyl)-benzene (3g, l5.22mmol) was reacted with chlorotrimethylsilane (13.2g, 121.51mmol) and L1BH4 (1.32g, 60.91mmol) in dry THF ( 0mL) at 0°C. The resulting mixture was stirred for 72 hours at room temperature to afford 2.6g of the crude product which was used in the next step without further purification.

1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO): δ 8.70-8.52 (bs, 2H), 7.1 (t, 1H), 6.96-6.78 (m, 2H), 3.73 (s, 3H), 2.96 (s, 4H). Prepartion of [2-(2-Fluoro-5-methoxy~phenyl)-ethyl7-carbamic acid ethyl ester (I- 44c):

2CH3 (I-44c)

2-(2-Fluoro-5-methoxy-phenyl)-ethylamine (l-44b: 2.6g, 15.2mmol) was reacted with chloro ethyl formate (1.979g, 18.24mmol), 2N Na ₂ C0 ₃ solution (30mL) and chloroform (30mL) at 0°C. The resulting mixture was stirred for 30 minutes at 0°C to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (5% ethylacetate in hexane) afforded 3g of the product (81% yield).

1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCI3): δ 7.0-6.9 (m, 1H), 6.76-6.66 (m, 2H), 4.80-4.68 (bs, 1H), 4.15-4.0 (m, 2H), 3.76 (s, 3H), 3.4 (q, 2H), 2.8 (t, 2H), 1.30-1.20 (t, 3H).

Prepartion of 5-Fluoro-8-methoxy-3 -dihydro-2H-isoquinolin-l-one (l-44d):

(I-44d)

[2-(2-Fluoro-5-methoxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-carbamic acid ethyl ester (I-44c: 1.6g, 0.006mol) was reacted with P ₂ 0 ₅ (1.87g, 0.013mol) and POCl ₃ (16mL) and the resulting mixture was refluxed for 4hrs at 100°C. The reaction was monitored by TLC (100% ethylacetate). The reaction mass was cooled to room temperature and concentrated under reduced pressure. The concentrate was quenched with ice- water and basified with 2N Na ₂ C0 ₃ solution to pH 8. The resulting solution was partitioned between ethyl acetate and water. The organic layer was washed with water, brine solution, dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate and concentrated. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (2% methanol in DCM) afforded 0.3g of the product (23.25% yield).

1H NMR (300 MHz, CDC1 ₃ ): δ 7.20-7.10 (t, 1H), 6.90-6.75 (m, 2H), 3.92 (s, 3H), 3.52-3.42 (m, 2H), 2.94 (t, 2H). LCMS: 93.04%, m/z = 196.0 (M+l)

Preparation of 5-Fluoro-8-methoxy-2-(4-methyl-pyridin-3-yl)-3.4-dihvdro-2H- isoquinolin-l-one (44A):

5-Fluoro-8-methoxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-isoquinolin-l-one (I-44d: 0.12g,

0.6mmol) was refluxed with ₃ P0 ₄ (0.32g, 1.5mmol), 3-Iodo-4-methyl-pyridine (0.175g, 0.79mmol), traM^-N,N'-dimethyl-cyclohexane-l,2-diamine (0.026g,

0.18mmol) and Cul (0.0 lg, 0.06mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (20mL) at 120°C overnight.

The reaction was monitored by TLC (80% ethylacetate in hexane). The reaction mass was cooled to room temperature, filtered and partitioned between DCM and water.

The organic layer was washed with water, brine solution, dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate and concentrated. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (2% methanol in chloroform) followed by preparative HPLC afforded 25mg of the product (14.75% yield).

1H NMR (300 MHz, CDC1 ₃ ): δ 8.55-8.30 (bs, 2H), 7.30-7.15 (m, 2H), 6.95-

6.85 (m, 1H), 4.05-3.85 (m, 4H), 3.75-3.60 (m, l H), 3.25-3.10 (m, 2H), 2.3 (s, 3H). LCMS: 93.12%, m/z = 287.1 (M+l). HPLC: 99.39%

Example 45

Preparation of 6-Fluoro-2-(4-methyl-pyridin-3-yl)-3, 4-dihvdro-2H- benzof 4, 5 Jthieno[2, 3-cJpyridin- 1 -one ( 45 A) :

(45A)

Preparation of Intermediate 3-Bromomethyl-5-fiuoro-benzofb]thiophene (1-45 a):

(I-45a)

5-Fliioro-3-nriethyl-benzo[b]ihiop ene (L7g, I0,24ramol) was reacted with N- brorno suceiniinide (2g, 1 L26mmol) and benzoyl peroxide (2mg) in CC! (ISmL), The resulting reaction mass was refluxed using photoelectric. adiation, The reaction was momiored by TLC (100% hexane). The reaction mass was quenched with water and separated the CCI4 layer. The aqueous layer was extracted with chloroform and the organic layer was washed with water, brine solution, dried over anhydrous -sodium sulphate and concentrated. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (100% hexane) afforded 1 ,3g of the product (52% yield).

1H NMR (300 MI¾ CDCI ₃ ): δ 7.84-7.75- (m, 1H), 7.60-7.52 (i¾ 2H), .22- 7.10 (m, 1H), 4.7 (s, 2H)

(l-45b)

50% NaCN solution (443ing, 9.05mmol) in water (2mL) was added drop wise to a solution oi 3~b omonleΐh l-5-ί]uoro-b nzo bJίhί hene fl-45 _. a: 1.3g, 5.32mmol) in DMF (1 OmL) over a period of 5 minutes at 0°C. The resulting reaction mass was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The reaction was monitored by TLC (5% eihy!aoetate in hexane). The reaction mass was quenched with sodium hypochlorite solution and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with water, brine solution, dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate and concentrated. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (6% eihylacetate in hexane) afibrded 700mg of the product (68.89% yield).

¹ H NMR (300 H¾ CDC ₃ ): δ 7.9-7.8 (m, 1H), 7.60 (s, 7,40-7.35 (m, 1H), 7.25-7.14 (m. I I I ). 3.88 (s, 2H) Prepar<ttim#fjntermedigte if 45 c):

(l- 5c)

Methanolic ammonia solution (1 SmL) and thiophene sol tion (1 raL) were added to Raney Ni (5g) taken in a reaction flask. This was followed by the addition of (5-Piuoro~benzo bJthiopheji-3--yl)-acetonttrile (¾-45b: 700mg, 3.66mmol) in methanolic ammonia solution (1 SmL) at 0°€, The resulting reaction mass was stirred at.10°C overnight under hydrogen atmosphere. The reaction was monitored b TLC (5% methanol in chloro ^' ibtrn). The reaction mass was filtered, washed with methanol and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to afford.50Gmg of the crude product which was used for the next step without further purification. LCMS:

92.76%, m/z = 196.1 (M+l) Preparation of Intermediate {2-(5-Fluo o-benzo{b/thi0ph ^S-yi)- thy

acid ethyl ester {I-45d):

(i-45d)

Using the same reaction conditions and work up as described in example 1 , step 3, 2-{5~ih¾ ro-benzoi¥|thiophen-3-yl)-ethylairiine 0-45e; 500mg, 2.56mmol) was reacted with chloro ethyl formate (0.3ml., 2,82mmol), 2N Na ₂ CO-3 solution (l OmL) and chloroform (15mL). The resulting mixture was stirred ai room temperature for lhour to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (12% ethyl acetate ia hexane) afforded 550mg of the product (80.52% yield).

H NM (300 MHz, CDCI ₃ ): δ 7.84-7.74 (m, 1H), 7.50-7.40 (m, 1 ΪΙ), 7.32-

7.22 (m, 1 H), 7.20-7.08 (m, 111), 4.90-470 (bs, H i). 4.15 (q, 2Π). 3.60-3.40 (q, 2H), 3.05 (t, 2H), 1.25 (1, 3 H) Preparation of Intermediate 6-Phioro-3, 4"diMvI ~2B-foemo[4, 5]thieno[2 - cJpyrkMn-I-om (I~45e):

(1-4Se)

[2-(S-F ioro- eiizo[b]thiophen~3-yl)-ethyl]-cai-baiiiic acid ethyl ester (i-45d: 550mg, 2.059mmoi) was .reacted with P2O (461 mg, 4.1 Immol) and POCI3 (7mL). The resulting mixture was rerluxed at 1 10 ^e C for 2 hours to afford the crude product Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (2% methanol in chloroform) afforded 90rag of the product (19,7.8% yield) .

'H NMR (300 MHz, CDCI3): δ 7.9-7.8 (m, I U\ 7.45-7.39 (dd, \H% ^' 7.30-7.20 (m, IB), 6.2-6.0 (bs, ΙΤί), 3.85-3.70 (m ₅ 2H), 3.1 (t, 2P1)

Preparation of

0.384m.mol) was reacted with 3-iodo-4-methyi-pyri.dine (10img,.0.46Jramol),

(244nig, 1.152rnffioi), /mm-N^'-dimeihyl-cyelohexane-l, 2-diamiiie (16.3mg, 0.1 lSniniol), CuJ (7.2nig, 0.038mmol) and 1^4-dioxane (1 OmL). The resultin mixture was refluxed at 120°C overnight to afford the crude product. Purification. y column chromatography on silica gel (2% methanol in chloroform) afforded 45mg of the product (37.81% yield).

Ή NK R (300 MHz, CDC¾): δ 8.80-8.25 (bs, 2H), 7.95-7.80 (111, 1 H), 7.45 (d _s mi 7.35-7.7.20 (m _s 20), 4.3-4.15 (m, 1H), 4.05-3.9 (m ₄ 1 I ), 3.25 (1 2H), 2.32 (s _> 30). LCMS; 95.75%, ra/z - 313.0 (M+l). HPLC: 97.60%

Example 46

Reparation of 9-Etky!-^

carbolin-l^m (46A):

(46A)

9 ¾hyl-3-meihyl-2 _? 3 _i 4,9 eti-ahydro-b-carboiin-i-one (3-42d: 0.150g _;

0.657raniol) was reacted with 3-iodo-4-iTiethyl-p>Tidine (0,144g, 0.657mmol) _s K ₃ PQ ( .348g _s I.644ffimoi) _J Cul (O.Ql2g, 0.065rnrool), /mm-.N,N'-dimeih.yl~cyclohexane- l,2-diamirie (0.028g, 0J97mmol) and t ,4-diaxane (15mL). The resulting mixture was heated at 120 C for 23 hours to afford the crude product. .Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (30% ethyl acetate in hexane) followed by preparative HPLC afforded 9mg of the product (4.3% yield).

l N R. (300 MHz, CDCls): δ 8.55-8.4 {n% 2H), 7.65 (d, 1 H), 7.50-7.1 (m,

4H),.::4j4.6-(m _s 2H), 4.45-4.0 (rri, 111), 3.6-3.4 (m, IH), 3.15-3.0 <m, 1H), 2,32 (s, M 1.5-1.15 (m, 6H). LC S: 100%, m/z = 320.2 (M+l). HPLC: 96.45%

Example 47

freparafwn OfB

is qumdlm l-on (47 A)

(47A)

Preparation · of intermediate 2-FfaorQ~4-(2-nitro-vim4}~l~triMuor

47a):

(l-47a)

3-F.luoro-4-tnfluoromelhyl-beii2aldehyde (5g, 25.9mmoi) was reacted with nitro methane (ί .58g, 25.9mmol), 1 ON NaOH (1.0%, 27.20 mmol) to afford 2.8g of the product (46.6% yield).

^J H N .R (300 MHz, CDCi ₃ ): 8 8.04-7.92 (m _s 1 H), 7.8-7.5 (m ₅ 2H), 7,50-7,36 (m, 2H)

Preparation of 2~(3'Flm (Ϊ-47Μ:

(I-47b)

2-Flyoro-4-(2-nitro-vinyl)- 1 -Mf! oromethyl-benzene (I-47a 2.8g,

1 1 ,914nimol) was reacted with chlomtrimethylsiiane (10.328g, 95.07mmol), LiB¾ (1.03g, 47.65mmoi) and 11 IF (40roL). The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for ^' 72 hours to afford 2.4&g of the product (100% yield), LCMS:

99.49%, 208.0 (M+t )

Preparation of Intermediate [2-(3-Fluoro-4-trifluommeth}^heny -efhyl

acid ethyl ester (1-47 c):

(l~47c)

2-{3-Flm?ro-4 riiluororaeihyl-plienyI)-ethylamine (I-47b: 2,46g, 1 LSSmmol) was reacted with etbylchldtoformate (L54g, 14,26mmol) _s 2N Na-jCOs solution (24.0mL) and chloroform (24mL), The resulting mixture was stirred for 30 minutes at 0°C to afford 3,0g of the crude product.

Ή NMR (300 MH¾ CDCI ₃ ): δ 7.55 (t, IH), 7,0 (t, 2H), 4.75-4.60 (hs _s |H), 4.1 (¾ 2H), 3.50-3.35 fq, 2H), 2.89 (t, 2H¾ 1.22 (t, 3H

47ά)

[2-(3-Ftuoro-4 rifluoromethyi-phenyl)~ethy]|-cfii-bainic acid ethyl ester (f- 47c: 1 ,5g, 5.376mmol) was reacted with P ₂ 0 (1.52g, lG.75mmol) and POCI3 (15ml,). The resulting mixture was refluxed for 1 hour at 1 10°C to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromaiography on silica gel (50% eihyteeetaie in hexane) afforded 350mg of the product (27,97% yield).

^! H NMR (300 MHz, CDCU): δ 7.52 (t, 1H), 7.1 -7.0 (t, 2H), 4.33-4.20 (bs, 1 H), 3.45 (q, 2H), 2.86 ^" (t, 2H). LCMS: m/z = 234.2 (M+l )

0,643mmol) was reacted with. 3-iodo-4-meihyl-pyridme (140.98mg _s 0.643mmoi), .3PO4 (346.76mg ₅ L607mmol), fra -N, N'-dimethyl-cyc-lohexane-l, 2-diamine (0.03mL, 0.192nmiol), Cul (12.24mg, 0.0643mmol) and 1 ,4-dioxane (lOmL). The resulting mixture was refiuxed for 16 hours at 1 10°C to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (40% ethylacetate in hexane) followed by preparative HPLC afforded 1 Omg of the product (4.8% yield ).

1H NMR (300 MHz, CDC¾): δ 8.52-8.42 (in, 2H), 7.3-7.25 (m, 2H), 7.15 (d, 1 H), 4.12-4.0 (m, 1H), 3.9-3.75 (m, 1H), 3.32-3.20 (m, 2H), 2.30 (s, 3H). LCMS: 100%, m z = 325.2 (M+l). HPLC: 94.20%

Example 48

Preparation af 3-Met yl-2 ~m&

isoquinolm-S -one (48A):

(48A)

3 -Meth l -7-trii]uororneihyl-3 ,4-dihydro~2H soquinolin- 1 -one (1-434· 200mg, :0 ^' .872mmo ) was reacted with 3-iodo-4-meihyl-pyridine (287mg _i 1 08χηιηο1¾ 3PO ₄ (463rag, 2 _< 18«¾mol), /m«i-N,N'-dimethyl-eyc!ohexane-l , 2 -diamine (40tng), Cul (20mg) and 1,4-dioxane (5mL). The resulting mixture was refiuxed for 64 hours at 1 10°C to afford the cmde product. Purification b column chromatography on silica gel (90% ethylacetate in hexane) followed by preparative HPLC afforded lOmg of the product (3.58% yield),

Ή NMR (300 MHz, CDCI3): S 8.60-8.35 (ra, 3H), 7.75 (d _s 1H), 7.48-7.22 (m, 2H), 4.4-3.9 ( , I E), 3.65-3.50 (m, 1 H), 3.1-2.9 (m, II I), 2.3 (d, 3H), 1.35-1.10 (m, 3H). LCMS: 90.81%, /z = 320.9 (M+l). HPLC: 99.29%

Example 49

Preparation of 6 ~difitiorQ-2-{4-methylpyridm^

one

(49A)

Preparation of Intermediate (E)-l, 2-Difluoro-4-(2-nitrovinyl) benzene (f -49a):

(l-49a)

Using analogous reaction conditions and workup .as described in example ϊ , 3,4-diiluorobenzaide !vde (5g, 35.1864mmo!) in ethanol (175mL) was reacted with nitt-o methane (1.9mL, 35.1 864mmol) and ION NaOH (1.47g, 36.9457π«ηο!)1ρ afford 5g of the product (76.80% yield). ^! H NMR (CDC)a, 300 MHz): δ 7.92 (d, IB), 7.58^7.0 (m _? 4H).

Prmaration of Intermediate 2-/3. 4-Difl aro,

(]-49b)

Using an analogous procedure and workup as described in for the preparation of intermediate I- 15b above, (E)~l,2-difluoro-4~(2-nitrovinyl)beri2;ene (1-49 a: 5g, 27.027mmol) in dry THF (SlniL) was reacted with Li8H (2.35g _t H)8J08 !mmol) and chloro triroethyl silane (27.63mL. 216.216m.moi) at OT, The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 days to afford 4.2g of the product (100% yield). lU NMR (DMSO, 300 MHz): δ 8.7 (bs, 2H), 7.5-7.3 (ra, 2E1), 7.2-7.0 (m, 1 H),

3.0-2.8 (m, 4H). LCMS: 98.87%, m z = 158.1 (M+ )

Preparation of Intermediate Eihyl 3, 4~difluorophenethvk rb mate (I~49c);

(i-49c)

Using an analogous procedure and workup as described for the preparation of intermediate 1-1 c above, 2-(3,4-difluoix>phenyl)ethanainine (1-4%: 4,2g,

26,75.15mniol) in chloroform (32mL) was reacted with ch!oro ethyl formate (3m L,

which was used in the next step without further purification.

Ή NMR (300 MHz, CDC¾): δ 7.2-6.9 (m ₃ 3H), 4.7 (bs, 1 H) _» 4.1 (q, 2H% 3.5- 3.3 (m, 2H), 2.76 (t, 2H), 2.22 (t, 3H).

Preparation of Intermediate 6, ?~Difl oro-3, 4-difo oi o ^' quiw!in*l(2.ffi-om iJ*49d):

(1-490

Using an analogous reaction procedure and workup as described in example 1 for the prepatati on of intermediate I* 1 d above, ethyl 3 ,4-difluoropheneihylcai-bamate

(I-49e. 5g, 21.8340mmol) in POCl ₃ (43.6mL) was reacted with P ₂ Q ₅ (< 9g _?

43.6681 mmol) at 1 10°C for 2 hours to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (50% ethylacetaie in hexane) afforded 800mg of the product (18.91 % yield).

Ή NMR (300 Mife, CDC1 ₃ ): δ 7.9-7.8 (ra, 1 H), 7.10-6.84 (m, 1 H), 6,70-6.56

(bs, IH), 3.63-3.53 (m, 2H), 2.95 (t, 2H). LOWS: 78.07%, m/z = 184.0(M+1)

Preparation of 6, 7~Difl oro-2-f4-meihylpvridm-3--vt)-3, 4~dihy& ^, oisoqwnoMn~l{2H)- one {4914):

Using analogous conditions as described in example 1 for the preparation of

Compound 3 A, 6,7~difluoro~3, 4-dihydroisoquinolm-l(2H)-one (l-49d: 300mg, 1.6393.mmol) was reacted with 3-iodo-4-methyI -pyridine (359mg, 1.6393mmoI), 1 , 4- dioxane (15mL), copper iodide (3 L2mg, 0.1639mmol), /raM_i-N,N'-dimethyl- cyclohexyl-l,2-diamine (77.3mL, 0.4917mmol) and potassium phosphate (868.8mg, 4.0982mmol) to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (80% ethylacetate in hexane) afforded 1 1 Omg of the product (24% yield).

1H NMR (300 MHz, CDC1 ₃ ): δ 8.5-8.44 (m, 2H), 8.0-7.92 (m, 1H), 7.26 (d, 1H), 7.16-7.06 (m, 1H), 4.1-3.98 (m, 1H), 3.84-3.74 (m, 1H), 3.26-3.06 (m, 2H), 2.3 (s, 3H).

LCMS: 98.58%, m/z - 275.0 (M+l). HPLC: 97.58%.

Example 50

Preparation of 8-Fluoro-2-C4-methylpyridin-3'yl)-3.4'dihydrobenzo[4.5]thien o[3, 2- cJpyridin- 2H)-one (SPA):

(50A)

Preparation of intermediate methyl 5-fluorobenzofb]thiophene-2-carboxylate (l-SOa):

(I-50a)

TEA (3.705g, 36.619mmol) was added to a solution of methyl 2- mercaptoacetate (3.293g, 30.985mmol) in CH ₃ CN (12.5mL). This was followed by the addition of 2,5-difluorobenzaldehyde (4g, 28.169mmol) in CH ₃ CN (12.5mL) and the resulting reaction mass was refluxed overnight under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction was monitored by TLC (5% ethyl acetate in hexane). The reaction mass was concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (15% ethyl acetate in hexane) afforded 2g of the product (33.89% yield).

Preparation of Intermediate (5-fluorobenzo[b]thiophen-2-yl) methanol (I-SOb): 65965

(I-50b)

DIBAL-H (59.4mL, 59.41mmol) was added to a solution of methyl 5- fluorobenzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylate (I-50a: 2.5g, 1 1.882mmol) in THF (75mL) at -70°C and the resulting reaction mass was stirred at -10°C for 2 hours. The reaction was monitored by TLC (30% ethyl acetate in hexane). The reaction mass was quenched with methanol at -70° C and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude residue obtained was partitioned between water and ethyl acetate. The organic layer was dried over Na ₂ SO ₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (15% ethyl acetate in hexane) afforded 1.8g of the product (83.33% yield).

Preparation of Intermediate 5-fluorobenzo[b]thiophene-2-carbaldehvde (I-50c):

(I-50c)

MnO ₂ (4.298g, 49.45mmol) was added to a solution of (5-fluorobenzo[b]- thiophen-2-yl)methanol (I- 50b: 1.8g, 9.89mmol) in DCM (50mL) and the resulting reaction mass was stirred at 52°C for 2 hours. The reaction was monitored by TLC (30% ethyl acetate in hexane). The reaction mass was cooled to room temperature, filtered off the catalyst through a celite bed and washed the celite bed with DCM. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure and dried under vacuum to afford 1.5g of the product (88.23% yield).

Preparation of Intermediate (E)-5'fluoro-2-(2-nitrovinyl) benzofbj thiophene (I-50d):

(I-50d)

Using an analogous procedure and workup as described in example 1, for the preparation of Intermediate I- la above, 5-fluorobenzo[b]thiophene-2-carbaldehyde (1.7g, 9.444mmol) was reacted with nitro methane (576.1 lmg, 9.444mmol), ION NaOH (396.64mg, 9.916mmol) and ethanol (25mL) at 0°C for 2 hours to afford 1.2g of the product (57.14% yield). Preparation of Intermediate 2-(5-fluorobenzo b] thiophen-2-yl) ethanamine fl-SOe):

(I-50e)

Using analogous conditions and workup as described for the preparation of I- 14b above, (E)-5-fluoro-2-(2-nitrovinyl)benzo[b]thiophene (I-50d: 1.2g, 5.375mmol) was reacted with L1BH4 (468.34mg, 21.503mmol), trimethylsilyl chloride (4.649g, 43mmol) and THF (50mL) to afford lg of the product (100% yield). LCMS: 98.10%, m/z = 196.0 (M+l)

Preparation of Intermediate ethyl 2-(5-fl orobenzofb] thiophen-2-yl) ethylcarbamate (I-50f):

(I-50f)

Using an analogous procedure and workup as described for the preparation of Intermediate I-lc above, 2-(5-fluorobenzo[b]thiophen-2-yl)ethanamine (I-50e: lg, 5.128mmol) was reacted with chloro ethyl formate (667.8mg, 6.153mmol), 2N Na ₂ C0 ₃ solution (lOmL) and CHC1 ₃ (25mL) at 0°C for 2 hours to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (5% ethyl acetate in hexane) afforded 700mg of the product (53.84% yield).

H NMR (300 MHz, CDC1 ₃ ): δ 7.72 (m, 1H), 7.40-7.32 (m, 1H), 7.1-7.0 (m, 2H), 4.8 (bs, 1H), 4.1 (q, 2H), 3.5 (q, 2H), 3.1 (t, 2H), 1.2 (t, 3H). LCMS: 63.84%, m/z = 178.9 (M+l)

Preparation of Intermediate 8-Fluoro~3.4-dihvdro-2H-benzo[4,5]thieno[3,2~ cjpyridin-l-one (I-50g):

(I-50g)

Using analogous conditions and workup as described for the preparation of Intermediate I- Id above, ethyl 2-(5-fluorobenzo[b]thiophen-2-yl)ethylcarbamate ( 50f: 700mg, 2.622mmol) was reacted with P ₂ 0 ₅ (749.78mg, 5.28mmol) and POCl ₃ (lOmL) to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (50% ethyl acetate in hexane) afforded 280mg of the product (48.27% yield).

1H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): δ 8.32 (dd, 1H), 7.7 (m, 1H), 7.15-7.08 (m, 1H),

6.1 (bs, 1H), 3.75-3.68 (m, 2H), 3.2 (t, 2H). LCMS: 78.08%, m/z = 221.9 (M+l)

Preparation of8-Fluoro-2-(4-methylpyridine-3-yl) 3, 4-dihvdro-2H-benzo [4, 5] thieno [3, 2-cJ pyridin-l-one (50A):

Using analogous conditions and workup as described for the preparation of Compound 1A, 8-Fluoro-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[4,5]thieno[3,2-c]pyridin-l-one Q- 50g: 1 OOmg, 0.452mmol) was reacted with 3-iodo-4-methylpyridine (99.09mg,

0.452mmol), 1, 4-dioxane (5mL), copper iodide (8.64mg, 0.0452mmol), frara-N,N'- dimethyl-cyclohexyl-l,2-diamine (19.25mg, 0.1356mmol) and potassium phosphate (287.44mg, 1.356mmol) at 1 15°C overnight under nitrogen atmosphere to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (1.5% methanol in CHCI3) afforded 95mg of the product (67.37% yield).

1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO): δ 8.5 (d, 2H), 8.1 (d, 2H), 7.42-7.26 (m, 2H),

4.2 (m, 1H), 3.9 (m, 1H), 3.4(m, 2H), 2.2(s, 3H). LCMS: 99.26%, m/z - 313.0 (M+l).

HPLC: 95.0%.

Example 51

Preparaion of 2-(4-Methylpyridin 3-yl)- 7-(trifluoromethoxy)-3, 4-dihydroisoawnolin- l(2H)-one(5lA):

(51A)

Preparation of Intermediate 2-(4-(Trifluoromethoxy) phenyl) acetonitrile (I~51a):

(1-5 la)

Using analogous conditions and workup as described for the preparation of I- 24a above, l-(bromomethyl)-4-(trifluoromethoxy) benzene (5g, 19.607mmol) in DMSO (30mL) was reacted with NaCN (1.44g, 35.1864mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at 90°C for 1 hour to afford 3.8g of the product (95% yield). 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDC1 ₃ ): δ 7.45-7.20 (m, 4H), 3.8 (s, 2H)

Preparation of Intermediate 2-(4-(Trifluoromethoxy) phenyl) ethanamine (1-5 lb):

(1-5 lb)

Using analogous conditions as described for the preparation of Intermediate I-

17b, 2-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)acetonitrile (1-5 la: 3.8g) in methanolic ammonia (50mL) was reacted with raney nickel (7g) and methanol (40mL) to afford 3.1 g of the product (80% yield).

1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCI3): δ 7.30-7.10 (m, 4H), 3.0 (t _} 2H), 2.76 (t, 2H), 2.0 (s, 1H), 1.72 (s, 1H). LCMS: 74.12%, m/z = 206.0 (M+l)

Preparation of Intermediate Ethyl 4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenethylcarbamate (l-51c):

(I-51C) Using an analogous procedure and workup as described for the preparation of intermediate I-lc above, 2-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)ethanamine (1-5 lb: 3.1g, 15.1219mmol) in chloroform (31mL) was reacted with chloro ethyl formate (1.72mL, 18.146mmol) and 2N Na ₂ CC>3 solution (31mL) at 0°C. The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hours to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (10% ethylacetate in hexane) afforded 3.2g of the product (76% yield).

'H NMR (300 MHz, CDC1 ₃ ): 6 7.30-7.10 (m, 4H), 4.75-4.65 (m, 1H), 4.15- 4.05 (m, 2H), 3.4 (q, 2H), 2.8 (t, 2H), 1.3-1.2 (m, 3H). LCMS: 70.91%, m/z = 278.1 (M+l)

Preparation of Intermediate 7-(Trifluoromethoxy)-3A-dihvdroisoquinolin-l(2H)-one g-51d):

(1-5 Id)

Using an analogous procedure and workup as described for the preparation of intermediate I- Id above, ethyl 4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenethylcarbamate (1-5 lc: 3.2g, 11.5523mmol) in POCl ₃ (32mL) was reacted with P ₂ 0 ₅ (3.27g, 23.104mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at 1 10°C for 1 hour to afford the crude product.

Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (1.5% methanol in DCM) afforded 1 lOmg of the product (4.1% yield).

Ή NMR (300 MHz, CDCI3): 6 7.30-7.10 (m, 3H), 4.22 (t, 1H), 3.42 (q, 2H), 2.8 (t, 2H) Preparation of 2-(4-Methylpyridin-3-yl)-7-(trifluoromethoxy)-3, 4-dihvdroisoquinolin- l(2H)-one (51A):

Using analogous conditions as described for the preparation of Example 1 A above, 7-(trifluoromethoxy)-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-l(2H)-one (1-5 Id: 160mg, 0.6896mmol) was reacted with 3-iodo-4-methyl-pyridine (151mg, 0.6896mmol), 1, 4- dioxane (20mL), copper iodide (13.1mg, 0.0689mmol), /r<7«s-N,N'-dimethyI- cyclohexyl-l,2-diamine (29.3mg, 0.2068mmol) and potassium phosphate (365mg, 1.724mmol) to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (40% ethylacetate in hexane), followed by preparative HPLC afforded 12mg of the product (5.4% yield).

Ή NMR (300 MHz, CDC1 ₃ ): δ 8.54-8.42 (bs, 2H), 8.0 (s, 1H), 7.40-7.24 (m, 3H), 4.1-4.0 (m, 1H), 3.85-3.75 (m, 1H), 3.3-3.1 (m, 2H), 2.3 (s, 3H). LCMS:

87.22%, m/z = 323.1 (M+l). HPLC: 99.14%

Example 52

Preparation of2-(4-(Pyrrolidin-l-ylmethyl)pwidin-3-yl)-7-(trifluoromethy l)-3A^ dihvdroisoquinolin-1 (2H)-one (52A):

Preparation of Intermediate 3-Brorno-4-(Dyrrolidin-l-ylrnethvttDyridme (1-52a):

(I-52a)

Catalytic amount of acetic acid (0.3mL) was added to a mixture of 3- bromoisonicotinaldehyde (200mg, 1.075mmol) and pyrrolidine (0.12mL, 1.34mmol) in DCE (20mL) under nitrogen atmosphere and the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2.3 hours. This was followed by the addition of sodium triacetoxy-borohydride (342mg, 1.6l2mmol) at 0°C. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction was monitored by TLC (50%

ethylacetate in hexane). The reaction mixture was washed with NaHC0 ₃ solution and separated the layers. The organic layer was dried over Na ₂ S0 ₄ and concentrated to afford 250mg of the product (96.52% yield).

'HNMR (300 MHz, CDC1 ₃ ): δ 8.65 (s, 1H), 8.5 (d, 1H), 7.5 (d, 1H), 3.7 (s, 2H), 2.65-2.55 (m, 4H), 1.90- 1.78 (m, 4H). Preparation of 2-(4-(Pyrrolidin-l-ylmethyl) pyridin-3-yD- 7-(trifluoromethyl)-3, 4- dihvdroisoquinolin-1 (2H)-one (52A):

Using analogous conditions as described for the preparation of Example 1 A above, 7-(trifluoromethyl)-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-l(2H)-one fl-4d: lOOmg,

0.465mmol) was reacted with 3-bromo-4-(pyrrolidin- 1 -ylmethyl)pyridine (1-52a: 140mg, 0.558mmol), 1, 4-dioxane (lOmL), copper iodide (8.8mg, 0.0465mmol), /ra«5-N,N'-dimethyl-cyclohexyl-l,2-diamine (19.8mg, 0.139mmol) and potassium phosphate (295mg, 1.395mmol) to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel ( 12% methanol in CHC1 ₃ ), followed by preparative HPLC afforded 7mg of the product (4.02% yield).

1H NMR (300 MHz, CDC1 ₃ ): δ 8.56 (d, IH), 8.5 (s, IH), 8.42 (s, IH), 7.76 (d, IH), 7.54 (d, IH), 7.42 (d, IH), 4.1-4.0 (m, IH), 3.9-3.8 (m, IH), 3.75-3.65 (m, I H), 3.5 (d, IH), 3.40-3.26 (m, IH), 3.25-3.10 (m, IH), 2.5 (d, 4H), 1.7 (m, 4H). LCMS: 92.94 %, m/z = 376.1 (M+l). HPLC: 94.42%

Example 53

Preparation of 2-f4-{{cvclopropylamino)methyl)pyridin-3-yl)- 7-(trifluoromethyl)-3, 4- dihvdroisoquinolin-1 (2H)-one (53A):

(53A)

Preparation of Intermediate 3-bromo-4-(dimethoxymethyl)Dyridine (1-53a): 3

(I-53a)

p-Toluene sulphonic acid (PTSA) (613.5mg, 3.225mmol) was added to a stirred solution of 3-bromoisonicotinaldehyde (500mg, 2.688mmol) in methanol (20mL) and the resulting reaction mixture was stirred for 3 hours at 75°C. The reaction was monitored by TLC (10% ethyl acetate in hexane). The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude residue was diluted with ice, basified using saturated NaHC0 ₃ solution and extracted using ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with water, brine solution, dried over Na ₂ S04 and concentrated under reduced pressure. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (10% ethyl acetate in hexane) afforded 600mg of the product (96.3% yield). Preparation of Intermediate 2-(4-(dimethoxymethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-7-(trifluoromethyl)- 3.4-dihvdroisoquinolin-I(2H)-one d-53b): 3

(I-53b)

Using analogous conditions as described for the preparation of Example 1 A above, 7-trifluoromethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-isoquinolin-l-one fl-4d: 505.4mg,

2.3503mmol) was reacted with 3-Bromo-4-dimethoxymethyl-pyridine (I-52a: 600mg, 2.5854mmol), 1, 4-dioxane (20mL), copper iodide (44.6mg, 0.2348mmol), trans- N,N'-dimethyl-cyclohexyl-l,2-di amine (80.9mg, 0.7052mmol) and potassium phosphate (1.49g, 7.0507mmol) to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (1% methanol in CHCI3) afforded 850mg of the product (98.8% yield).

Preparation of Intermediate 3-(lOxo-7-(triiluoromethyl)-3,4-dihvdroisoauinolin- 2(lH)-yl) isonicotinaldehvde -53c):

(I-53c)

p-Toluene sulphonic acid (PTSA) (4.3g, 23.093mmol) was added to a stirred solution of 2-(4-dimemoxymethyl-pyridin-3-yl)-7-trifluoromethyl-3,4-dihy dro-2H- isoquinolin- 1 -one (I-53b: 900mg, 2.4568mmol) in acetone (30mL) and water (30mL) and resulting reaction mixture was stirred for 48 hours at room temperature. The reaction mass was distilled under vacuum and the crude residue was dissolved in methanol (20mL). This was followed by the addition of 2 N HCl (lOmL) and refluxed the resulting reaction mass for 3 hours. The reaction was monitored by TLC (10% methanol in CHCI3). The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude residue was diluted with ice, basified using saturated NaHC0 ₃ solution and extracted using CHCI3. The organic layer was washed with water, brine solution, dried over Na ₂ S0 ₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (2% methanol in

CHCI3) afforded 1 lOmg of the product (14% yield).

LCMS: 58.53 %, m/z - 321.1 (M+l).

Preparation of 2-(4-((cvclopropylamino)methyl)pyridin-3-yl)- 7-(trifluoromethyl)-3.4- dihydroisoquinolin-1 (2H)-one (53A):

Cyclopropanamine (25.8μί, 0.3737mmol) was added to a stirred solution of 3-(l-oxo-7-(trifluoromethyl)-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(lH)-yl )isonicotinaldehyde (l^ 53c: l OOmg, 0.31 14mmol) in acetic acid (5mL) and resulting reaction mixture was stirred for 4 hours at room temperature. The reaction mass was cooled to 0°C and added NaBH (OCH ₃ )3 (99mg, 0.4674mmol). The resulting reaction mass was stirred for 12 hours at room temperature. The reaction was monitored by TLC (10% methanol in CHC1 ₃ ). The reaction mass was concentrated under reduced pressure, the crude residue obtained was diluted with ice, basified using saturated NaHC<¾ solution to pH 7 and extracted using CHCI3. The organic layer was washed with water, brine solution, dried over Na ₂ S0 ₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (2% methanol in CHCI3) afforded 25mg of the product (22% yield).

Ή NMR (400 MHz, CDC1 ₃ ): δ 8.56 (d, 1H), 8.5 (s, 1H), 8.42 (s, 1H), 7.76 (dd, 1H), 7.46 (dd, 2H), 4.1-4.0 (m, 1H), 3.90-3.76 (m, 4H), 3.40-3.15 (m, 2H), 2.2- 2.1 (m, 1H), 0.46-0.40 (m, 2H), 0.38-0.28 (m, 2H). LCMS: 50.16 %, m/z = 362.1 (M+l). HPLC: 96.65%

Example 54 Preparation of 2-(l -methyl- lH-imidazol-5-yl)- 7~(trifluoromethyl)-$, 4- dihvdroisoquinolin-1 (2H)-one (54 A):

(54A)

Using analogous conditions as described for the preparation of Example above, 7-(trifluoromethyl)-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-l(2H)-one Q_ d". 150mg, 0.6849mmol) was reacted with 5 -bromo-1 -methyl- lH-imidazole (165mg,

1.0273mmol), 1, 4-dioxane (3mL), copper iodide (13.01mg, 0.0685mmol), trans- N,N'-dimethyl-cyclohexyl-l,2-diamine (29.17mg, 0.205mmol) and potassium phosphate (434.6mg, 2.05mmol) to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (2% methanol in CHC1 ₃ ) afforded 50mg of the product (24.75% yield).

'H NMR (300 MHz, CDC1 ₃ )-. δ 8.4 (s, 1H), 7.76 (d, 1H), 7.42 (d, 1H), 3.94 (bs, 2H), 3.54 (s, 3H), 3.24 (s, 2H). LCMS: 65.43 % (34.56%), m/z = 296.0 (M+l). HPLC: 97.28%

Example 55

Preparation of 6, 7-dichloro-2-(4-(trif! oromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-3,4- dihydroisoquinolin-1 (2H)-one (55):

(55A)

Preparation of Intermediate ( -J, 2-dichloro-4-(2-nitrovinyl)benzene (I-55a):

(I-55a)

Using analogous conditions and workup as described for the preparation of intermediate I- la above, 3,4-dichlorobenzaldehyde (lOg, 74.074mmol) in ethanol (lOOmL) was reacted with nitro methane (4.12mL, 74.074mmol) and ION NaOH (2.96g in 7.4mL of H ₂ 0, 74.074mmol) to afford 6.2g of the product (39% yield).

Preparation of Intermediate 2- -dichlorophen l)ethanamine (1-55b):

(I-55b)

Using an analogous procedure and workup as described for the preparation of intermediate I- 15b, (E)-l,2-dichloro-4-(2-nitrovinyl)benzene (I-55a: 6.2g,

28.97mmol) in dry THF (62mL) was reacted with L1BH4 (2.52g, 1 15.887mmol) and chlorotrimethylsilane (25.17g, 231.768mmol) at 0°C. The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 40 hours to afford 5.3g of the product (98% yield).

Preparation of Intermediate Ethyl 3, 4-dichloroOhenethylcarbamate (1-55 c):

(I-55c)

Using an analogous procedure and workup as described for the preparation of intermediate I-lc above, 2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)ethanamine (I-55b: 5.3g,

28.042mmol) in chloroform (53mL) was reacted with chloroethylformate (3.2mL, 33.65mmol) and 2N Na ₂ C0 ₃ solution (53mL) to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel ( 15% ethyl acetate in hexane) afforded 7g of the product (95.7% yield).

Preparation of Intermediate 6. 7-Dichloro-3> 4-dihydroisoquinolin-l(2H)-one (I- 55d):

(I-55d)

Using an analogous procedure and workup as described for the preparation of intermediate I- Id above, ethyl 3,4-dichlorophenethylcarbamate (I-55c: 6g, 22.989mmol) in POCl ₃ (60mL) was reacted with P ₂ 0 ₅ (6.52g, 45.977mmol) at 120°C for 1 hour to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (30% ethylacetate in hexane) afforded l .Olg of the product. LCMS: 53.61 %, m/z = 216.0 (M+l)

Preparation of 6, 7-dichloro-2-(4-(tri1luoromethyl)pwidin-3-yl)-3.4- dihvdroisoquinolin- 1 (2 )-one (55 A ) :

Using an analogous procedure and workup as described for the preparation of Example 1A above, 6,7-dichloro-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-l(2H)-one (I-55d: lOOmg, 0.463mmol) was reacted with 3-bromo-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine (115mg,

0.509mmol), 1, 4-dioxane (3mL), copper iodide (7mg, 0.046mmol), trans-N,N'- dimethyl-cyclohexyl- 1 ,2-diamine (20mg, 0.1388mmol) and potassium phosphate (245mg, 1.157mmol) in a sealed tube at 120°C for 16 hours to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (20% ethylacetate in hexane) afforded 14mg of the product (8.3% yield).

1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3): δ 8.84 (d, 1H), 8.7 (s, 1H), 8.2 (s, 1H), 7.7 (d, 1H), 7.4 (s, 1H), 4.04-3.95 (m, 1H), 3.82-3.74 (m, 1H), 3.35-3.25 (m, 1H), 3.1-3.0 (m, 1 H). LCMS: 89.53 %, m/z = 362.0 (M+l). HPLC: 92.73% Example 56

Preparation of 2-(5-fluorovyridin-3-yl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)-3, 4-dihvdroisoquinolin- l(2H)-one (56A):

(56A)

Using an analogous procedure as described for the preparation of example 1 A above, 6-(trifluoromethyl)-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-l(2H)-one (I- 17c: 120mg,

0.558mmol) was reacted with 3-hromo-5-fluoropyridine (147mg, 0.8372mmol), 1, 4- dioxane (lOmL), copper iodide (32mg, 0.1674mmol), /rarts-N,N'-dimethyl- cyclohexyl-l,2-diamine (24mg, 0.1674mmol) and potassium phosphate (400mg, 1.395mmol) in a microwave vial at 115°C overnight. The reaction was monitored by TLC (50% ethyl acetate in hexane). The reaction mass was concentrated under reduced pressure and the crude residue was partitioned between water and DCM. The organic layer was washed with water, brine solution, dried over Na ₂ S0 ₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (35% ethyl acetate in hexane) afforded 60mg of the product (34.68% yield).

1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3): δ 8.52 (s, 1H), 8.4 (d, 1H), 8.28 (d, 1H), 7.70- 7.62 (m, 2H), 7.56 (s, 1H), 4.1 (t, 2H), 3.28 (t, 2H). LCMS: 98.80%, m/z = 311.0 (M+l). HPLC: 99.09%

Example 57

Preparation of8-Fluoro-2-(4-trifluoromethylpyridine-3-yl)-3,4-dihvdro-2H ~ benzo[4,5] thieno [3. 2-cl pyridin-l-one (57 A):

(57A)

Using analogous conditions and workup as described for the preparation of

Example 1A above, 8-fluoro-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[4,5]thieno[3,2-c]pyridin-l-one ( 50g: lOOmg, 0.452mmol) was reacted with 3-bromo-4-trifluoromethylpyridine (102.26mg, 0.452mmol), 1, 4-dioxane (3mL), copper iodide (8.58mg, 0.0452mmol), /ra»5-N,N'-dimethyl-cyclohexyl-l,2-diamine (19.25mg, 0.135mmol) and potassium phosphate (286.56mg, 1.35mmol) in a vial at 115°C overnight under nitrogen atmosphere to afford the crude product. Purification by preparative HPLC afforded 15mg of the product (9.09% yield).

1H NMR (300 MHz, CDC1 ₃ ): δ 8.85 (d, 1H), 8.75 (s, 1H), 8.3 (dd, 1H), 7.85- 7.68 (m, 2H), 7.2-7.1 (m, 1H), 4.25-4.10 (m, 1H), 3.9-3.8 (m, 1H), 3.6-3.4 (m, 1H), 3.3-3.2 (m, 1H). LCMS: 100 ¾, m/z = 366.8 (M+l). HPLC: 98.88%

Example 58

Preparation of 2-(4-trifluoromethylpyridine-3-yl)-3, 4-dihvdro-2H- benzo[4,5]thieno[3. 2-cl pyridin-l-one (58A):

(58A)

X-Phos (35mg, 0.0739mmol) and Pd ₂ (dba) ₃ (45mg, 0.0492mmol) were added to a previously degassed solution of 3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[4,5]thieno[3,2-c]pyridin- 1-one q-9d: lOOmg, 0.4919mmol), ₃ P0 ₄ (313mg, 1.4759mmol) and 1,4-dioxane (5mL) in a sealed tube. This was followed by the addition of 3-bromo-4- (trifluoromethyl)pyridine (134mg, 0.5903mmol) and the resulting reaction mass was heated at 120°C for 48 hours. The reaction was monitored by TLC (50% ethyl acetate in hexane). The reaction mass was partitioned between water and ethylacetate. The organic layer was washed with water, brine solution, dried over Na ₂ S0 ₄ and concentrated to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (30% ethyl acetate in hexane), followed by preparative HPLC afforded 14mg of the product (8.18% yield).

1H NMR (400 MHz, CDC1 ₃ ): δ 8.85 (d, 1H), 8.78 (s, 1H), 8.6 (d, 1H), 7.85 (d, 1H), 7.7 (d, 1H), 7.50-7.38 (m, 2H), 4.2-4.1 (m, 1H), 3.92-3.86 (m, 1H), 3.58-3.45 (m, 1H), 3.3-3.2 (m, 1H). LCMS: 98.93%, m/z = 348.7 (M+l). HPLC: 95.59%

Example 59

Preparation of 5-ethyl-8-fluoro-2-(4-methylpyridin-3-yl)-2, 3, 4, 5-tetrahydro-lH- pyridof4.3-blindol-l-one (59A):

(59A)

Preparation of Intermediate 3~(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)propanoic acid (I-59a):

(I-59a)

Boc anhydride (79.61 g, 0.3647mmol) was added slowly to a cooled solution of 3-aminopropanoic acid (25g, 0.2806mmol) in 10% NaOH (250mL) and the resulting reaction mass was allowed to stir at room temperature for 3 hours. The reaction was monitored by TLC (10% methanol in CHCI3). The reaction mass was diluted with ethyl acetate, neutralized using citric acid and separated the layers. The organic layer was washed with water, brine solution, dried over anhydrous Na ₂ S04, washed with hexane at 0°C and concentrated to afford 50g of the product (94.17% yield).

Ή NMR (300 MHz, CDCI3): δ 5.1 (s, 1H), 3.4 (t, 2H), 2.6 (q, 2H), 1.4 (s, 9H). LCMS: 90.97%, m/z -134.0 (M+l)

Preparation of Intermediate tert-butyl 3-(2, 2-dimethyl-4. 6-dioxo-L 3-dioxan-5-yl)-3- oxopropylcarbamate (1-59b):

(I-59b)

EDCI (59.39g, 310.8mmol) was added at 0°C to a stirred solution of 3-(tert- butoxycarbonylamino)propanoic acid (I-59a: 49g, 258.9mmol), meldrum's acid (41.05g, 284.8mmol) and DMAP (47.4g, 388.5mmol) in DCM (490mL) and the resulting reaction mass was allowed to stir at room temperature overnight. The reaction was monitored by TLC (10% methanol in CHCI3). The reaction mass was washed with 5% KHSO4 solution and separated the layers. The organic layer was dried over Na ₂ S0 ₄ and concentrated to afford 70g of the product (85.8% yield).

Ή NMR (300 MHz, CDC1 ₃ ): δ 4.9 (bs, 1H), 3.55 (q, 2H), 3.45-3.25 (t, 3H),

1.75 (s, 6H), 1.4 (s, 9H)

Preparation of Intermediate tert-butyl 2, 4-dioxopiperidine-I -carboxylate (l-59c):

(I-59c)

Tert-buty\ 3-(2,2-dimethyl-4,6-dioxo-l,3-dioxan-5-yl)-3-oxopropylcarbam ate (1-59b: 50g, 158.57mmol) was dissolved in ethyl acetate (500mL) at room

temperature under nitrogen atmosphere and the resulting reaction mass was heated at 105°C for 20 hours. The reaction was monitored by TLC (10% methanol in DCM). The reaction mass was cooled to room temperature and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the crude product. Purification by ether-wash afforded 28g of the product (83% yield).

Ή NMR (300 MHz, CDC1 ₃ ): δ 4.1 (t, 2H), 3.5 (s, 2H), 2.6 (t, 2H), 1.55 (s, 9H)

Preparation of Intermediate piper idine-2, 4-dione (1-59 d):

(I-59d)

TFA (140mL) was added drop wise to a solution of fert-butyl 2,4- dioxopiperidine-l-carboxylate (I-59c: 28g, 131.45mmol) in DCM (280mL) at 0°C and the resulting reaction mass was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. The reaction was monitored by TLC (10% methanol in DCM). The reaction mass was concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the crude product which was dried under high vacuum and washed with ether to afford 14g of the product (94% yield).

Preparation of Intermediate 4-(4-fluorophenylamino)-5, 6-dihvdropyridin-2(lH)-one (I-59e):

(I-59e)

Piperidine-2, 4-dione (I-59d: lOg, 88.40mmol) and 4-fluoroaniline (9.82g, 88.40mmol) were heated at 120°C for 5 hours under argon atmosphere. The reaction was monitored by TLC (10% methanol in DCM). The reaction mass was cooled to room temperature, diluted with ether and stirred for 20 minutes. The solid precipitated was collected by filtration to afford 7g of the product (38.46% yield).

Preparation of Intermediate 8-fluoro-2. 3. 4, 5-tetrahvdrO'lH-pyridof4.3-b]indol-l- one (I-59f):

(I-59f)

Cu(OAc) ₂ (9.69g, 53.39mmoi) was added to a stirred solution of 4-(4- fluorophenylamino)-5,6-dihydropyridin-2(lH)-one (I-59e: 5g, 24.27mmol) and Pd(OAc) ₂ (490mg, 2.18mmol) in DMF (96mL) under argon atmosphere and the resulting reaction mass was heated at 130°C for 2 hours. The reaction was monitored by TLC (5% methanol in DCM). The reaction mass was cooled to room temperature and filtered through a celite bed. The filtrate was partitioned between water and ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with water, brine solution, dried over Na ₂ S0 ₄ and concentrated to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (1% methanol in DCM) afforded 2.2g of the product (44.7% yield).

Ή NMR (300 MHz, DMSO): δ 11.8 (s, 1H), 7.54-7.30 (m, 1H), 7.12-6.90 (m, 2H), 3.5-3.4 (m, 2H), 2.96 (t, 2H).

Preparation of intermediate 5-ethyl-8-fluorO'2 ,5-tetrahvdro-lH-Dyrido[4 - blindol-l-one (I-59s):

(I-59g)

8-Fluoro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-pyrido[4,3-b]indol-l-one (I-59f: 500mg, 2.44mmol) in DMF (200mL) was reacted with 60% NaH (196mg, 8.16mmol) and ethyl iodide (456mg, 2.92mmol) to afford the crude product. The reaction mass was quenched with chilled water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with water, brine solution, dried over Na ₂ S0 and concentrated to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (1% methanol in DCM) afforded 120mg of the product (21.2% yield).

1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO): δ 7.60-7.52 (m, 2H), 7.16-6.96 (m, 2H), 4.2 (q,

2H), 3.52-3.40 (m, 2H), 3.0 (t, 2H), 1.25 (t, 3H). LCMS: 94.55%, m/z - 233.1 (M+l)

Preparation of 5-Ethyl-8-fluoro-2-(4-methylpyridin-3-yl)-2, 3, 4.5-tetrahydro-lH- pyridof4, 3-b]indol-l-one (59A):

5-Ethyl-8-fluoro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-pyrido[4,3-b]indol-l- one (t59g:

120mg, 0.517mmol) was reacted with 3-iodo-4-methylpyridine (147.2mg,

0.672mmol), 1, 4-dioxane (15mL), copper iodide (9.8mg, 0.0517mmol), trans-N,W- dimethyl-cycIohexyl-l,2-diamine (23. Img, 0.155mmol) and potassium phosphate (273.4mg, 1.29mmol) at 120°C overnight to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (1% methanol in DCM) afforded 80mg of the product (48.1% yield).

Ή NMR (300 MHz, CDC1 ₃ ): δ 8.55-8.4(m, 2H), 7.85 (dd, 1H), 7.32-7.2(m, 2H), 7.05-6.98 (m, 1H), 4.30-4.15 (m, 3H), 3.98-3.88 (m, 1H), 3.3-3.1 (m, 2H), 2.3 (s, 3H), 1.45 (t, 3H). LCMS: 98.65%, m/z = 324.2 (M+l). HPLC: 90.19%

Example 60

Preparation of 8-fluoro-2-(4-methylpyridin-3-yl)-2, 3, 4, 5-tetrahydro-lH-pyrido[4, 3- b]indol-l-one (60A):

(60A)

Preparation of Intermediate 8-fluoro-5-(phenylsulfonyl)-2.3.4.5-tetrahydro-lH- pyrido[4.3-b] indol-l-one (l-60a):

(I-60a)

60% NaH (196mg, 8.16mmol) was added to a stirred solution of 8-fluoro- 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-pyrido[4,3-b]indol-l-one (500mg, 2.44mmol) in DMF (20mL) at -10°C and stirred for 10 minutes at room temperature. This was followed by the addition of benzene sulfonyl chloride (517mg, 2.92mmol) at 0°C and the resulting reaction mass was stirred at room temperature for 5 minutes. The reaction was monitored by TLC (5% methanol in DCM). The reaction mass was quenched with ice and extracted using ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with water, brine solution, dried over Na ₂ S0 ₄ and concentrated to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (0.5% methanol in DCM) afforded 450mg of the product (53.6% yield).

1H NMR (300 MHz, CDC1 ₃ ): δ 8.1 (m, 1H), 7.90-7.76 (m, 3H), 7.68-7.56 (m, 1H), 7.5(m, 2H), 7.14-7.04 (m, 1 H), 5.6 (s, 1H), 3.7-3.6 (m, 2H), 3.4 (t, 2H). LCMS: 96.11%, m/z = 345.0 (M+l)

Preparation of 8-iluoro-2-(4-methylpyridin-3-yl)-5-(phenylsulfonyl)-2, 3, 4, 5- tetrahydro-lH-pyrido[4, 3 -bl indol-l-one (I-60b):

(I-60b)

Using analogous reaction conditions and work up as described for the preparation of Example 1A, 8-fluoro-5-(phenylsulfonyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH- pyrido[4,3-b]indol- 1-one (I-60a: 450mg, 1.308mmol) was reacted with 3-iodo-4- methylpyridine (286mg, 1.308mmol), 1, 4-dioxane (25mL), copper iodide (25mg, 0.13mmol), ra«i-N,N'-dimethyl-cyclohexyl-l,2-diamine (58.46mg, 0.392mmol) and potassium phosphate (693mg, 3.27mmol) at 120°C overnight to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (5% methanol in DCM) afforded 60mg of the product (15% yield).

Preparation of 8-Fluoro~2-(4-methylpyridin-3-yl)-2, 3, 4,5-tetrahydro-lH-pyrido[4, 3- blindol- 1-one (60 A):

1M TBAF (0.3mL, 0.274mmol) was added to a solution of 8-fluoro-2-(4- memylpyridin-3-yl)-5-(phenylsulfonyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH- pyrido[4,3-b]indol-l- one (I-60b: 60mg, 0.137mmol) in THF (5mL) at 0°C and the resulting reaction mass was refluxed for 1 hour. The reaction was monitored by TLC (5% methanol in DCM).

The reaction mass was concentrated under reduced pressure and the crude residue was partitioned between water and ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with water, brine solution, dried over Na ₂ S0 and concentrated to afford the crude product.

Purification by preparative HPLC afforded 20mg of the product (52% yield).

Ή NMR (400 MHz, DMSO): δ 8.5-8.3 (m, 2H), 7.6-7.3 (m, 3H), 7.02-6.98

(m, 1H), 4.2-4.1 (m, 1H), 3.82-3.68 (m, 1H), 3.1-3.25(m, 2H), 2.2(s, 3H). LCMS:

100%, m/z = 296.0 (M+l). HPLC: 96.36%

Example 61

Preparation of2-(4' ethylpyridin-3-yl)-2 ,4,9-tetrahydro-lH-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-l- one (61 A)

(61A)

Preparation of Intermediate l-(4-methoxyben∑yl)-lH-indole-3-carbaldehvde (I-61a):

O

(I-61a)

Using analogous procedure as those described to prepare intermediate 1-38b, lH-Indole-3-carbaldehyde (lOg, 68.96mmol) was reacted with 1 -(chloromethyl)-4- methoxybenzene (1 1.26mL, 82.75mmol) and 60% NaH (5.5g, 137.92mmol) in DMF (140mL) at room temperature for 1 hour to afford 20g of the product.

1H NMR (400MHz, CDC1 ₃ ): δ 10 (s, 1H), 8.3 (d, 1H), 7.7 (s, 1H), 7.40-7.25 (m, 3H), 7.15 (d, 2H), 6.9 (d, 2H), 5.3 (s, 2H), 3.8(s, 3H). LCMS: 92.67%, m/z = 266.0 (M+l)

Preparation of Intermediate (Z)-l -(4-methoxybenzyl)~3-(2-nitrovinyl)-l H-indole (I- 61b):

(1-6 lb)

l-(4-Methoxybenzyl)-lH-indole-3-carbaldehyde (1-6 la: 22g, 83.01mmol) was refluxed overnight with nitromethane (146g, 2407mmol) and ammonium acetate (3.26g, 42.33mmol) to afford the crude product. The reaction mass was cooled to 5 room temperature and filtered. The solid collected was washed with water and dried under reduced pressure to afford 20g of the product (76% yield).

Ή NMR (400MHz, CDC1 ₃ ): δ 8.24 (d, 1H), 7.82-7.74 (m, 2H), 7.52 (s, 1H), 7.44-7.30 (m, 3H), 7.14 (d, 2H), 6.9 (d, 2H), 5.3(s, 2H), 3.8(s, 2H)

Preparation of Intermediate 2'(l-(4~methoxybenzyl)-IH-indol-3-yl)ethanamine (I- 61c):

(1-61 c)

(Z)-l-(4-Methoxybenzyl)-3-(2-nitrovinyl)-lH-indole (5g, 15.72mmol) in dry THF (32mL) was reacted with LAH (2.98g, 78.61mmol) in dry THF (32mL). The resulting mixture was refluxed for 16 hours under nitrogen atmosphere to afford 4.6g of the product (100% yield).

LCMS: 87.49%, m z = 264.1 (M+l).

Preparation of Intermdiate ethyl 2'(l-(4-methoxyben∑yl)-lH-indol-3- vDethylcarbamate (l-61d):

(1-61 d)

2-Π -f 4-MethoxybenzyP- 1 H-indol-3 -vDethanamine (1-61 c: 5g, 17.85mmol) was reacted with chloro ethyl formate (2.32g, 21.42mmol) and 2N Na ₂ C0 ₃ solution (36mL) in chloroform (36mL) to afford 5.6g of the product (90% yield).

Preparation of Intermediate 2,3,4.9-tetrahvdro-lH-pyrido[3.4-b]indol-l-one (L6Ie):

(1-6 le)

Ethyl 2-(l-(4-methoxybenzyl)-lH-indol-3-yl)ethylcarbamate (1-6 Id: 4.5g, 12.78mmol) and poly phosphoric acid (45g) were heated at 120°C for 1 hour. The reaction mass was quenched with ice and extracted using ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with brine solution, dried over Na ₂ S0 and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (40% ethyl acetate in hexane) afforded 250mg of the product (10% yield).

Preparation of 2- (4-methylpyridin-3-yl)-2.3, 4.9-tetrahvdro-l H-pyrido[3, 4-b lindol- 1 - one (61 A):

2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-lH-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-l-one (1-6 le: 250mg, 1.34mmol) was reacted with 3-iodo-4-methylpyridine (294.3mg, 1.34mmol), 1 , 4-dioxane (lOmL), copper iodide (25.6mg, 0.134mmol), tra«s-N,N'-dimethyl-cyclohexyl-l,2- diamine (59.8mg, 0.402mmol) and potassium phosphate (710mg, 3.35mmol) at 120°C overnight to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (40% ethyl acetate in hexane), followed by preparative HPLC afforded 5mg of the product (2% yield).

Ή NMR (400 MHz, CDC1 ₃ ): δ 9.2 (s, 1H), 8.54-8.42 (m, 2H), 7.62 (d, 1H),

7.44-7.30 (m, 2H), 7.26-7.16 (m, 2H), 4.25-4.15 (m, 1H), 4.0-3.88 (m, 1H), 3.3-3.2 (m, 2H), 2.3 (s, 3H). LCMS: 96.64%, m/z = 278.2 (M+l). HPLC: 96.90%

Example 62

Preparation of 2-(4-methylpyridin-3-yl)-2,5-dihvdro-l H-pyrido[4,3-b]indol-l -one (62A):

(62A)

Preparation of Intermediate 2.5-* dihvdro-1 H-pyrido[4.3-b]indol-l-one (I-62a):

(I-62a)

4-Hydroxypyridin-2(lH)-one (3g, 27mmol) and phenylhydrazine (8.74g, 81mmol) in diphenyl ether (54mL) were heated at 240°C for 5 hours in a Dean Stark apparatus. The reaction mass was cooled to room temperature, diluted with benzene, stirred for 2 hours and filtered. The solid collected was dried under high vacuum and washed with ether to afford 3 g of the product (60% yield).

Ή NMR (300 MHz, DMSO): δ 1 1.8 (s, 1H), 1 1.1 (s, 1H), 8.1 (d, 1H), 7.5 (d, 1H), 7.35-7.15 (m, 3H), 6.5 (d, 1H). LCMS: 84.53%, m/z = 185.0 (M+l)

Preparation of 2~(4-methylpyridin-3-yl)-2,5-dihydro-lH-pyrido[4, 3-bJindol-l-one (62A):

2,5-dihydro-lH-pyrido[4,3-b]indol-l-one fl-62a: 500mg, 2.71mmol), 3-iodo- 4-methylpyridine (892mg, 4mmol), 8-hydroxy quinoline (79mg, 0.542mmol) and K ₂ C0 ₃ (560mg, 4.06mmol) were added to a previously degassed solution of DMSO (lOmL). This was followed by the addition of Cul (103.2mg, 0.542mmol) and the resulting reaction mass was heated at 150°C for 16 hours in a sealed tube. The reaction was monitored by TLC (5% methanol in DCM). The reaction mass was quenched with water, diluted using ethyl acetate and filtered. The filtrate was extracted using ethyl acetate, washed the organic layer with water, brine solution, dried over Na ₂ S0 ₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (1% methanol in DCM), followed by preparative HPLC afforded 40mg of the product (5.4% yield).

1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO): δ 8.55 (d, IH), 8.45 (s, IH), 8.1 (d, IH), 7.55- 7.45 (m, 3H), 7.3 (t, IH), 7.2 (t. IH), 6.7 (d, IH), 2.2(s, 3H). LCMS: 100%, m/z = 276.1 (M+l). HPLC: 97.43%

Example 63

Preparation of 2-(4-(trifIuoromethyl)pyridm-3-yl)-2, 5-dihvdro-lH-pyrido[4, 3- bjindol-l-one (6 A):

(63A)

Using analogous reaction conditions and work up as described for the preparation of 62A above, 2,5-dihydro-lH-pyrido[4,3-b]indoI-l-one (I-62a: 200mg, 1.08mmol) was reacted with 3-bromo-4-trifluoromethylpyridine (368.4mg,

1.63mmol), 8-hydroxy quinoline (31.3mg, 0.216mmol), K2CO3 (223.5mg,

1.62mmol), copper iodide (41.14mg, 0.216mmol) and DMSO (5mL) to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (2% methanol in DCM), followed by preparative HPLC afforded 5mg of the product (1.5% yield).

H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO): δ 9 (d, IH), 8.9 (s, IH), 8.1-8.0 (m, 2H), 7.6 (dd, 2H), 7.35 (t, IH), 7.2 (t, IH), 6.75 (d, IH). LCMS: 97.04%, m/z - 329.8 (M+l). HPLC: 98.92%

Example 64

Preparation of 8~iluoro-2- (4-(trifl uoromethyl )pyridin-3-yl)-2.5-dihydro- 1 H- pyrido[4,3-b] indol-l-one (64A):

(64A)

Preparation of Intermediate 8-fluoro-2.5-dihvdro-lH-pyrido[4.3-b]indol-l~one (I- 64a):

(I-64a)

4-Hydroxypyridin-2(lH)-one (Ig, 0.009mol) and (4-fluorophenyl)hydrazine (3.6g, 0.027mol) in diphenyl ether (20mL) were heated at 250°C for 5 hours to afford the crude product. Purification by washing with hexane, followed by column chromatography on silica gel ( 1.5% methanol in DCM) afforded 330mg of the product (17.36% yield).

1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO): δ 11.8 (s, 1H), 11.2 (s, 1H), 7.74 (dd, 1H), 7.5 (m, 1H), 7.32 (t, 1H), 7.2-7.1 (m, 1H), 6.5 (d, 1H). LCMS: 85.96 %, m/z = 202.9 (M+l)

Preparation of Intermediate 8-fluoro-5-(4-methoxybenzyl)-2,5-dihvdro-lH- pyridof 4, 3-b Jindol-l-one (I-64b) :

(I-64b) 8-Fluoro-2,5-dihydro-lH-pyrido[4,3-b]indol-l-one (I-64a: 0.15g, 0.00074mol) was reacted with l-(chloromethyl)-4-methoxybenzene (0.14g, 0.00092mol), NaH (0.058g, 0.058mol) and DMF (lOmL) to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (1.5% methanol in DCM) afforded 0.15g of the product (65.21 % yield).

Ή NMR (400 MHz, DMSO): 6 11.4 (s, 1H), 7.8 (dd, 1H), 7.65 (m, 1H), 7.4 (t, 1H), 7.2-7.1 (m, 3H), 6.8 (dd, 3H), 5.55 (s, 2H) , 3.8(s, 3H). LCMS: 84.57 %, m/z = 322.9 (M+l) Preparation of Intermediate 8-fluoro-5-(4-methoxybenzyl)-2-(4-

(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-2, 5-dihvdro-lH-pyrido[4, 3-blindol-l-one (I-64c):

(I-64c)

8-Fluoro-5-(4-methoxybenzyl)-2,5-dihydro-l H-pyrido[4,3-b]indol- 1 - 64b: 0.15g, 0.00046mol) was reacted with 3-bromo-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine (0.13g, 0.00058mol), 8-hydroxy quinoline (0.016g, 0.0001 lmol), K ₂ C0 ₃ (0.19g, 0.0013mol), Cul (0.026g, 0.00013mol) and DMSO (3mL) to afford the crude product. The reaction mass was cooled to room temperature, added to ammonia solution in water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with brine solution and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the crude product.

Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (1% methanol in CHC1 ₃ ) afforded 95mg of the product (45.23% yield).

Preparation of 8-iluoro-2-(4- (trifluoromethyl )pyridin-3 -νΙ)-2, 5-dihydro-l H- pyridof 4, 3-b]indol-l-one (64A):

Anisole (0.25mL) was added to a stirred solution of 8-ftuoro-5-(4- methoxybenzyl)-2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-2,5-dihyd ro-lH-pyrido[4,3- b]indol-l-one (I-64c: 95mg, 0.203mmol) in TFA (lOmL) under nitrogen atmosphere and the resulting reaction mass was refluxed at 80°C overnight. The reaction was monitored by TLC (80% ethyl acetate in hexane). The reaction mass was cooled to room temperature, concentrated under reduced pressure, basified using NaHC0 ₃ solution to pH 8 and extracted using ethyl acetate. The aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate and the combined organic layers were concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (2% methanol in DCM), followed by preparative HPLC afforded 9 mg of the product (75% yield).

1H NMR (400 MHz, CDC1 ₃ ): δ 8.9 (d, 1H), 8.8 (d, 2H), 8.0 (dd, 1H), 7.75 (d, 1H), 7.4 (m, 1H), 7.2-7.1 (m, 2H), 6.6 (d, 1H). LCMS: 100 %, m/z = 348.0 (M+l). HPLC: 98.27%

Example 65

Preparation of 2-(4-methylpyridin-3-yl)-3.4-dihydro-2, 7-naphthyridin-l (2H)-one (65A):

(65A)

Preparation of Intermediate methyl 2-(3 cvanoDyridin-4-yl)acetate (I-65a):

(I-65a)

1M LiHMDS (45mL, 44.794mmol) was added to a solution of 4- methylnicotinonitrile (2.52g, 21.33mmol) in THF (15mL) at -78°C and the resulting reaction mass was stirred at -78°C for 1 hour. This was followed by the addition of dimethyl carbonate (1.98mL, 23.464mmol) and stirred the resulting reaction mass at - 78°C for 1 hour and further at 0°C for 2 hours. The reaction was monitored by TLC (30% ethyl acetate in hexane). The reaction mass was quenched with saturated NH ₄ C1 solution and extracted using ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with water, brine solution, dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (25% ethyl acetate in hexane) afforded 530 mg of the product (14.10% yield).

1H NMR (300 MHz, CDC1 ₃ ): δ 8.9 (s, 1H), 8.79 (d, 1H), 7.4 (d, 1H), 3.9 (s, 2H), 3.79 (s, 3H)

Preparation of Intermediate 4-(2-hvdroxyethyl)nicotinonitrile (I-65b):

(I-65b)

NaBH ₄ (228mg, 6.023mmol) was added portion wise over a period of 20 minutes to a solution of methyl 2-(3-cyanopyridin-4-yl)acetate (1-65 a: 530mg, 3.01 lmmol) in ethanol (6mL) at 0°C and the resulting reaction mass was stirred at 0°C for 4 hours. The reaction was monitored by TLC (50% ethyl acetate in hexane). The reaction mass was quenched with saturated NH4C1 solution and extracted using ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with water, brine solution, dried over Na ₂ S0 ₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the crude product.

Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (2% methanol in DCM) afforded 100 mg of the product (22.42% yield).

Ή NMR (300 MHz, CDC1 ₃ ): δ 8.85 (s, 1H), 8.7 (d, 1H), 7.4 (d, 1H), 4.0 (t, 2H), 3.1 (t, 2H). LCMS: 99.03%, m/z = 149.1 (M+l)

Preparation of Intermediate 3,4~dihvdro~lH-pwano[3,4-c]pyridin~l-one (I-65c):

(I-65c)

4-(2-Hydroxyethyl) nicotinonitrile (I-65b: l .lg) in concentrated HC1 (30mL) was refluxed overnight. The reaction was monitored by TLC (10% methanol in CHC1 ₃ ). The reaction mass was concentrated under reduced pressure and the crude residue was dissolved in water. The resulting reaction mass was basified with saturated NaHC0 ₃ solution and extracted using ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with brine solution, dried over Na ₂ S0 ₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford 750mg of the product (67.75% yield).

Ή NMR (300 MHz, CDC1 ₃ ): δ 9.21 (s, 1H), 8.78 (d, 1H), 7.21 (d, 1H), 4.6 (t,

2H), 3.1 (t, 2H)

Preparation of Intermediate 4-(2-hvdroxyethyl)-N-(4-methoxybenzyl)nicotinamide (I- 65d):

(I-65d)

(4-Methoxyphenyl) methanamine (6.57mL, 50.676mmol) was added to a solution of 3,4-dihydro-lH-pyrano[3,4-c]pyridin-l-one (I-65c: 750mg, 5.068mmol) in THF (15mL) and the resulting reaction mass was refluxed for 48 hours. The reaction was monitored by TLC (10% methanol in CHC1 ₃ ). The reaction mass was cooled to 0°C, neutralized with IN HC1 and extracted using DCM. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous Na ₂ S0 ₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford 1.5g of the product.

Ή NMR (300 MHz, DMSO): 6 9.1 (t, 1H), 8.55 (m, 2H), 7.45-7.20 (m, 3H), 6.9 (m, 2H), 4.4 (d, 2H), 3.8-3.6 (m, 5H), 2.9 (t, 2H). LCMS: 99.31%, m/z = 287.1 (M+l)

Preparation of2-(4-methoxybenzyl)-3,4-dihvdro-2, 7-naphthyridin-l(2H)-one (I-65e):

(I-65e) DEAD (1.094g, 6.286mmoI) was added drop wise to a solution of 4-(2- hydroxyethyl)-N-(4-methoxybenzyI)nicotinamide (I-65d: 1.5g, 5.238mmoI) and PPh ₃ (2.784g, I0.477mmol) in THF (40mL) at 0°C and the resulting reaction mass was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. The reaction was monitored by TLC (10% methanol in CHC1 ₃ ). The reaction mass was concentrated under reduced pressure and the crude residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (3% methanol in DCM) to afford 700 mg of the product (49.82% yield).

1H NMR (300MHz, CDC13): 6 9.3 (s, 1H), 8.6 (d, 1H), 7.28 (m, 2H), 7.1 (d, I H), 6.88 (d, 2H), 4.71 (s, 2H), 3.8 (s, 3H), 3.5 (t, 2H), 2.91 (t, 2H). LCMS: 91.79%, m/z = 269.0 (M+l)

Preparation of Intermediate 3.4-dihvdro-2, 7-naphthyridin-l (2H)-one (1-650:

(I-65f)

2-(4-Methoxybenzyl)-3,4-dihydro-2,7-naphthyridin- l(2H)-one (I-65e: 700mg, 2.6089mmol) and p-toluene sulphonic acid (1.985g, 10.436mmol) in toluene (15mL) were refluxed for 6 hours. The reaction was monitored by TLC (10% methanol in CHC1 ₃ ). The reaction mass was neutralized with sodium carbonate solution, distilled off the solvent and added 10% methanol in CHCI3. The solid precipitated was filtered and distilled off the solvent to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (7% methanol in DCM) afforded 280mg of the product (72.53% yield).

1H MR (300MHz, CDC13): δ 9.2 (s, 1H), 8.65 (d, 1H), 7.18 (d, 1H), 6.3 (bs, IH), 3.65-3.58 (m, 2H), 3.0 (t, 2H)

Preparation of 2-(4-methylpyridin~3-yl)-3,4-dihydro-2, 7-naphthyridin-l (2 'W-one

(65 A):

3,4-Dihydro-2,7-naphthyridin-l(2H)-one (I-65f: 80mg, 0.5399mmol) was reacted with 3-iodo-4-methylpyridine (177mg, 0.8099mmol), copper iodide (8mg, 10% w/w), tmra-N,N'-dimethyl-cyclohexyl-l ,2-diamine (16mg, 20% w/w) and potassium phosphate (287mg, 1.3498mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (5mL) to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (3% methanol in CHC1 ₃ ), followed by preparative HPLC afforded 16mg of the product (12.4% yield).

1H NMR (300 MHz, CDC1 ₃ ): δ 9.3 (s, 1H), 8.7 (d, 1H), 8.5 (s, 2H), 7.27 (d, 2H), 4.15-4.0 (m, 1H), 3.90-3.78 (m, 1H), 3.3-3.1 (m, 2H), 2.3 (s, 3H). LCMS:

99.26%, m/z = 240.1 (M+l). HPLC: 96.11%

Example 66

Preparation of 8-(4-methylpwidin-3-yl)-7, 8-dihydrothiazolo[4, 5-h]isoquinolin-9(6H)- one (66A):

(66A)

Preparation of Intermediate 7-amino-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-l(2H)-one (I-66a):

(I-66a)

Using analogous reaction conditions, work up and purification as described for the preparation of intermediate I-24c above, 7-Nitro-3,4-dihydro-2H-isoquinolin-l- one (I-24a: 2.5g, 0.013mol) in methanol (50mL) was reacted with 10% Pd-C (0.5g) to afford the crude product, which was washed with n-hexane to afford 1.8g of the product (85.71% yield).

Ή NMR (300 MHz, DMSO): δ 7.9 (s, 1H), 7.4 (s, 1H), 7.1 (d, 1H), 6.9 (d, 1H), 3.3 (s, 2H), 2.8 (t, 2H). LCMS: 95.63%, m/z = 163.1 (M+l)

Preparation of Intermediate 2-amino-7,8-dihvdrothiazolo[4,5-h]isoquinolin-9(6H)- one (I-66b):

(I-66b) Potassium thiocyanate (8.62g, 0.088mol) was added to a stirred solution of 7- amino-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-l(2H)-one (I-66a: 1.8g, 0.01 mol) in acetic acid (60mL) at -10°C and this was followed by the addition of bromine (5.33g, 0.033mol). The resulting reaction mass was stirred at -10°C for 3 hours and further at room

temperature overnight. The reaction was monitored by TLC (100% ethyl acetate). The reaction mass was diluted with ice water and filtered. The resulting mixture was basified at 0°C using KOH solution to pH 10 and extracted using ethyl acetate. The organic layer was concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (20% ethyl acetate in hexane) afforded 1.4g of the product (58.33% yield).

1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO): δ 8.04 (s, 1H), 7.4 (t, 3H), 7.14 (d, 1H), 3.46- 3.3(m, 2H), 2.9 (t, 2H). LCMS: 94.14%, m/z = 294.3 (M+l)

Preparation of 7, 8-dihydrothiazolo 4, 5-h isoquinol in-9( 6H)-one (I~66c) :

2-Amino-7,8-dihydrothiazolo[4,5-h]isoquinolin-9(6H)-one (I-66b: 1.4g, 0.006mol) in orthophosphorous acid (30mL) was heated at 40°C when a clear solution was formed. This was followed by the addition of NaN0 ₂ (2.64g, 0.038mol) and H ₂ 0 (lOmL) at 0°C. The resulting reaction mass was stirred at 0°C for 30 minutes and added hypo phosphorous acid (35mL). The reaction mass was stirred at 0°C for 2 hours. The reaction was monitored by TLC (100% ethyl acetate). The reaction mass was diluted with ice-water, basified with KOH solution to pH 10 and extracted using ethyl acetate. The organic layer was concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (60% ethyl acetate in hexane) afforded 130mg of the product (10% yield). LCMS: 99.03%, m/z = 205.1 (M+l )

Preparation of 8-f4~methylpyridin-3-yl)- 7,8-dihvdrothiazolo[4, 5-h]isoquinolin-9(6H)- one (66 A):

7,8-Dihydrothiaz»lo[4,5-h]isoquinolin-9(6H)-one ri-66c: 0.13g, 0.0006mol) was reacted with 3-iodo-4-methylpyridine (0.15g, 0.0007mol), copper iodide (0.036g, 0.00019mol), trarts-N,N'-dimethyl-cydohexyl-l,2-diamine (0.027g, 0.00019mol) and potassium phosphate (0.45g, 0.0015mol) in 1,4-dioxane (lOmL) to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (2% methanol in DCM) afforded 36mg of the product (20.2% yield).

]H NMR (300 MHz, CDC1 ₃ ): δ 9.1 (s, 1H), 8.55-8.45 (m, 2H), 8.3 (d, 1H), 7.5

(d, 1H), 7.3 (s, 1H), 4.25-4.10 (m, 1H), 3.95-3.80 (m, 1H), 3.5-3.3 (m, 2H), 2.35 (s, 3H). LCMS: 100 %, m/z = 296.1 (M+l). HPLC: 95.35%

Example 67

Synthesis of2-(4-methylpyridin-3-yl)-3,4-dihydro-2, 6-naphthwidin-l (2H)-one (67 A):

(67A)

Preparation of Intermediate 3-(2-eihoxy-2-oxoethyl)wridine-l-oxide (I-67a):

Θ

(I-67a)

m-Chloro perbenzoic acid (6.2g, 36.06mmol) in CHC1 ₃ (30mL) was added drop wise to a solution of ethyl 2-(pyridin-3-yl)acetate (3.5g, 21.21mmol) in CHCI3 (30mL) at room temperature under nitrogen atmosphere and the resulting reaction mass was stirred at room temperature for 5 hours. The reaction was monitored by TLC (10% methanol in chloroform). The reaction mass was basified using aqueous NaHC0 ₃ solution to pH 7 and extracted using CHCI3. The organic layer was dried over sodium sulphate and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford 4.8 g of the crude product. LCMS: 60.09 %, m/z = 182.0 (M+ 1 )

Preparation of Intermediate 3-(2-ethoxy-2-oxoethyl)pyridine-l -oxide ethyl iodide (I- 67b):

(l~67b)

3-(2-Eihoxy-2~oxoethy!) pyridine- 1 -oxide (i-67a: 4.8g, 26.66mmo!) in iodoethane (7.67mL ₅ 95,99mmo]) was stirred at room temperature for 144 hours under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction was monitored by TLC (10% methanol in chiorofomi). The reaction mass was concentrated under reduced pressure to afford 5.3g of the crude product.

(I-67c)

K.CN (2.64g _? 3 l,44mnioi) in water (SrnL) was added drop wise over a period of 20 minutes to a

(i-6?b: 5-.3g, 15.72 ^' rnmol) iii ethanol -water (7:3 ratio, 30mL) at 50°C and heating was further continued for another 30 minutes, The reaction was monitored by TLC (50% ethyl acetate in hexatie). The reaction mass was quenched usin ice and extracted using DCM, The organic layer was dried over sodium sulphate and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (1% methanol in CHCI3) afforded 2.4g of the product, ! H/NMR {300 MHz, CDCI3): S 8.78-8.68 (ra, 211). 7.56 (d _s 1 H), 4.25 (q _f 2H),

3.9 (s, 2H), I .3(t, 3B). LCMS: 90.94 %, m/z - 191.0 (M+l)

Preparation of Intermediate 3~(2 hykmyel vlHsow oti

(ϊ-67ά)

Ethyl 2-(4-eyanapyridin-3-yl)acetate (2.3g, 12.10mmo!) was reacted with NaB¾ {919mg, 24.21mmoi) and ethanol (20mL) at room temperature for 72 hours to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gef (2% methanol in CHCI3) .afforded 650 mg of the product.

Preparation of intermediate 3, 4 dihy -lH~p}vano[4,3-c}p}ridin-i-am (I~67e):

(I-67e)

3-(2-I:iydroxyethyi) isonieotinomtrile f i-67d: 65Gmg _} .362nimoi) was heated with concentrated HQ (lOmL) at 100 ^P C overnight. The reaction mass w¾s neutralized wit NaHCOj solution _^ extracted using DCM and the organic layer was concentrated under reduced pressure to .afford the crude product, Purification by column

chromatography on silica gel (1 % methanol in CHCI ₃ ) afforded 100 mg of the product (15.29% yield).

H NM (300 MHz, CDCI3): δ 8.76 (d, 2H), 7.9 (dj e), 4.62 (t, 2H) _> 3. ! (t,

211) Preparation of Intermediate 3~(2-hy^ox\^

(M

(i-67f) 3 _} 4-Dihydro-1 i'i-pyra«o[4,3-c]pyrtdiii-l -one (M7e: I GGmg, 0.666mmol) in THF (ImL) was refluxcd with -raethoxybenzylaminc (0.9mL> 6.66raniol) to afford 220mg of the crude product, LCMS: 95.54%, mlz = 287.1 (M+l) Pr^ar^ianpflntermediaie 2~f4-mefhmybemyl}-3, 4-dih dro- 6-naphthyridm~ l(2H)-one (I~67g):

(1-67

0 J69mmol) was reacted with PPh ₃ (403mg, L53Smmol), DEAD (O.iSraL,

0,922Ϊ ΙΪΙΟΙ) and THF (lOmL) to afford the crude ^■ product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (1% methanol in CHC¾) afforded 300 ing of the product. LCMS: 66.95%, mfz = 269.0 (M+l) Preparation of Intermediate 3,

(L6?h)

2-(4- ethOxyben¾yJ)~3 ₅ 4-dthydro~2, 6-naphthyridin- 1 (2H)-one ii-67gi

300mg, 1.1 19mino!) was reacted with p-toluene sulfonic acid (851mg, 4.476mmoi) and toluene ( 1 OmL) at 1 1 (PC for 4 hours. The reaction mass was concentrated under reduced pressure, neutralized with IN HQ solution to pH 7 and extracted using DCM. The organic layer was dried over .anhydrous Na ₂ SC> ₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the crude product, Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (2% methanol in CHCI.3) afforded 45mg of the product (27.10% yield).

!H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3): δ 8.7-8.6 (m, 2H), 7.9 (s, lH), 6.2 (s, 1 H), 3.6 (t,

2H), 3.0 (i, 2H). LCMS: 98,8%, fz = 149.0 (M+l) ynih , 2^ ~m hylpy 6-wpht yridin-l (21i)-am (67 A): 3, 4-Dmydro~2. 6-i»aphfliyridi¾- ^' l (2H)-one (I-67h: 45mg, 0.304mtnol) was reacted with 3-iodo-4~methylp} i.dme (100mg _¾ 0.456mmoi), copper iodide (5.7mg, 0.0304mtnol), /mi¾s-N,N'-dimethyl-cycio-hexyi-l ,2-diarnine (12.95mg, O.0912mmol) and potassium phosphate (193.3-ng, O..912mmoi) in 1 ,4-dioxane (5ml-) to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography .on silica gel (4% methanol in ^■ CHCI3), followed by preparative HPLC afforded 1 Img of the product (i 5.27% yield).

^! H NM (400 MHz, CDCl ₃ ): δ 8.75-8.63 (ra, 2H), 8.47 (s, 2H), 7.95 (d, IH), 7.30-7.23 (m, 1H), 4.12-4.02 (m, IH), 3.88-3.80 (m, I B), 3.26-3.18 (m, 2H) _? 2.3 (s, 3H). IX'MS: 99.27%, m/z - 240, 1 (M+i). HPLC: 98.39%

Example 68

Preparation of 2-{5-ftttot ^y rtdin-3-yti-?-

(68Λ):

(68A)

7-1 rifluommeth l-2H-isoquinolin- 1 -one (l-29d: 0.1 g, 0.00046mol) was reacted with 3-bromo*5-fiuoropyridirie (0.099g, O.O0Q56molJ, 8~hydroxy quinoiine (0.0 3g, Q.00009mol), 2CO3 (0.161g, 0.001 l mol), Cul (0.017g, 0.0( ⁾ 009raol) and 1 ,4-dioxane (5mL) to afford the crude prodaci. The reaction mass was cooled to room temperature, diluted with DCM, washed with ammonia solution and separated the layers. The organic layer was washed with brine solution, dried over Na^S ^ and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (0,5% methanol in DCM), followed by hexane- wash afforded 66.5mg of the product. (47.14% yield),

SH NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3): δ 8.74 (s, I H) _> 8.56 (d, 2B), 7.92 (m, ΪΗ), 7.72-

7.66 (m, 2H), 7.28 (m, 1 H), 6.7 (d, 1 H). LCMS: 89.34 %, m/z ^■■ 309.0 (M+l ).

HPLC: 95.28%

Example 69

Preparation of ?-(4-methylpyridin-S-yl)-6, 7-dih\ r0-lH-pyra∑olo[4 -%Ji$oqumotm

S(5H}~one (69 A):

(69Λ)

Preparation of Jftigrmedi te ⁽ 1-69 ):

(i-69a)

3-Methyibenz.aldehyde (21 g, 174.273mmol) was reacted with nitro methane (9.67mL, l74.273j«mof), MaOH solution (6.7g _s 174.273mmo! in 1732ml, H ₂ 0) and ethahol (21 OmL) at 0°C for.2 hours. The reaction mass was quenched using cold 50% HC1 solution (6QmL) and extracted using ethyl acetate. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous NaaSC>4 and concentrated under reduced pressure to aflbrd 27g of the product (95% yield).

^S H NM (300 MHz, CDC1 ₃ ): δ SJ (d, 1H), 7.7 (d, IH), 7.5-7.4 (m, 4H), 2.5

(s* 3H) Preparation of Intermediate -m~toli>lethcmam me (f69b) :

(T-69b)

(E)-i _' Methyi-3-(2-iiitrovinyl)benxene (9g, 55.21 mmo!) was reacted with LIBH ₄ (4,81gv 2220.85minol) _s trimethylsilyl chloride (55.86mL, 441.7 Immol) and dry THF ( i 20raL) to afford 15g of the crude product.

Preparation of Intermediate ethyl S-meihylphenethvkarbamate (I~69c):

(]-69c)

2-m-Tolyieihanamine (l Ig, 81.48irraiol} in chloroform (1 lOmL) was reacted with chloro ethyl formate (9.30inL, 97.777mmol) and 2N Na- Gs solution ( 1 1 OmL) at 0**C to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silic gel (7% ethyl acetate in hexane) afforded 7>5g of the product (44% yield).

Prep mtion of Intermediate 6-methyi-3 ~M

(I-69d)

Ethyl 3-methylphenethyicai'bamate (I-69c: I3.5g, 65. 17mmol) was reacted with jOs (18.51g, 13( 434mraol) and POCl ₃ (135mL) at 1 10°C for 1 hour. The reaction mass was coventrated under reduced pressure, quenched with ice, basifted using saturated NaHCOs solution and extracted using ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with brine solution, dried over Na-jSC and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel 0 % methanol in DCM) afforded 2g of the product (19% yield). LCMS: 75.24%, m z = 16X3 (M+l)

(J-69e)

6-Methyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinoiin- 1 (2 H)-one ( 69f: 2g, 12.422mmoi) was reacted with 3 odo-4-methyl~pyridine (2.72g, 12.422mmoi), 1 , 4 ^« dioxaae (70mL)„ copper iodide (23.6mg, L2422raraol), traiis-Nj^N'-dimethyl-cycIohexyi-l ^-diamine (530nig. 3.727mrnoi) and potassium phosphate (6.58g, 3L055mmol) to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on siiica gel ( 1 % methanol in DCM) afforded 1 g of the product (31 ,8% yield).

LCMS: 98.66%, m/z = 253.0 (M+l ) Preparation of Intermediate 6~methyl~2~{4-me.thylpyridm-3-yi}- 7-nUro~3 _t 4~ dih droisQqmffllin-lQW-om (I~69f):

(I-69f)

6-Meftyl-2-(4-met¾yipyridm-3-yl 3,4 lihydroi.soqumolin- ί (2H)-one Q-69e; lg, 3.953mmol) in conc.fkSO* (1 1.9mL) was reacted with KN<¾ (439mg,

4.348mmo!) to afford 940mg of the product (80.3% yield).

1H NMR (400 MBz _s DMSO): δ 9.1 (s, !H), 8.8 (d, IH), 8.5 (s, IH), 8.0 (d _> IH), 7.65 (s, IH), 4.2-4.1 (m, 113), 3.96-3.86 (m, I H), 3,4-3,3 (m, 2H), 2.66 (s, 3H), 2.48 (s, 3Π). LCMS: 99.15%, m/z - 298.1 (Jtf + 1 )

Preparation of Intermediate 7-timmo^*m&hyl-2-( i-meihylpwidm^. _' -vft _' -X 4-

(I~69g

6-Meibyl-2-(4-meihylpyridin-3-yI)*7-iiitfo-3,4- (l-69f: 940mg, 3.154mmol) was reacted with 10% Pd~C (200mg) and methanol ( 1 SmL) to afford 40Gmg of the product (36% yield). LCMS: 79.1 %, m z - 268.1 (M+l )

Preparation of Intermediate J -acetyl- ?-(4-methvlpwidin~3~yl 6> 7-dihydro-.

pyrazo f4, 3-g] Lmqiunolin-8i5H}-(me fl~69h):

(I~69h) Potassium acetate (153nig, L567mmol) and acetic anhydride (0.282mL, 2,985ramol) were added to a solution of 7-amino-6-methyl-2-f4-methylpyridin-3-yl)- 3,4-dihydroisoquinoMn-l (2H)-one (I-69g: 400mg. 1.4925mniol) in CHCl^l 5mL) at 0°C and the resulting reaction mass was stirred at room temperature for 10 minutes. This was followed by the addition of 18«crown-6-eihei ^< (78mg, 0.2985mmol) and isoamyl nitrite (0.44m!,, 3.2§4mmol) and the reaction mass was refluxed for 24 hours. The reaction was monitored by TLC (100% ethyl acetate). The reaction mass was extracted using chloroform. The organic layer was washed with saturated NaBCi¾ solution, dried over anhydrous NazSC^ and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (100% ethyl acetate) afforded 80mg of the product (16,7% yield).

LCMS: 67.73 % _v m/z - 321.1 (M+l)

8(5H mm (69Λ):

6N HQ (5mL) was added drop wise to a solution of I -acetyl- 7-(4~

methylpyridm-3-yl)-6,7~d ^ Cl~69h: SOmg, 0.249inmol) in methanol (5aiL) at 0°€ and the resulting reaction mass was stirred at room temperature for 36 hours. The reaction was monitored by TLC (100% ethyl acetate). The reaction mass was concentrated under reduced pressure* basified using : saturated NaHCOj solution and extracted using ethyl acetate. The organic layer was dried over N¾2 _. S0 and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the exude product. Purification by column chromatograph ^' on silica gel (100% ethyl acetate),, followed by preparative HPLC afforded 8mg of the product (1 1.5% yield).

lH NMR (400 MH¾ CD(¾): δ 8.54-8.42 (m, 2H), 8.12 (s, 1 H), 7.66 (s, 1 H),

7.3 (d, 1H), 4.12-4.02 (m, I H), 3.88-3.80 (m, IB), 3.44-3.26 (m, 2H), 2.36 (s, 3H). LCMS: 100 %, m/z - 279.1 (M+l). HPLC: 97.50%

Example 70

Pr pm iiion of3'msihyl~7-(hifltmro e

dihydraisoquim>lm-i(2H}-om (70A):

(70A)

3 -Methyl- 7-( ifluorom.ethyI)-3 ,4-dihydroisc^uinoiin- 1 (2H)-one (!-43d 60m g, 0.26mrnol) was reacted with 3-bromo-4-(trifluoromethyl)-pyridiiie (88mg,

0.39mmoIX 1,4-diOxane (SmL), copper iodide (14mg, G,078mmoi), tmm-NJs ^' '- di.t ethyl-cye3ohexyl-l,2-diaiTtme (3.7mg, 0.026mfflol) and potassium phosphate (166mgj 1.78mrrioi) to afford the crude product Purification by column

chromatography on silica gel (1.5% methanol in CHCla), followed by preparative HPLC afforded 3.8 mg of the product (3.8% yield),

1HNMR (CD€1¾ 300MHz): δ 8 J2-8J0 (d, 1 H), 8.67 (s, 1 H), 8.38 (s, 1 H),

7.8-7.66 (m, ,2H>, 7.46-7,38. (d, 1 H), 4.1 -3.97 (IM, IH), 3.7-3.6 (dd, IB), 3,00-2.88 (dd ₅ mi l ,35-1.28 (dd, 3.H). LGMSr 97.76%, mlz - 375.0 (M+l). HPLC: 95.00%.

Example 71

(71A)

6-MethyI-3 -dihydroisoquinoliB~l(2H)~one (I-69d: SOOmg, 3.1 mmol) was reacted with 3~bromo-4-(trifluoromethyl)^yrid:ine (842rng, 3.72mmol), 1 ,4-dioxane (20mL), copper iodide (S9mg, OJ lm oi), . r^m'-N _^ N'-dimethyl-cyclbhexyl- 1 ,2- diaraine (44mg, 0.31mmo ) and potassium phosphate (1 ,64g ₅ 7.76inmoi) 2 days ai 120°C to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (2% methanol in CHCI3) afforded 150 mg of the product (15.7% yield),

Example 72 Prepar tiim of ^r 7-(4-(tnfluoromethyl)pyridin~-3~yl)-6, 7-di drp~lH~pymmio[4 - g}isoqwnoUn-8(5H)-om (72

(7.2A)

Preparation of Intermediate

(I-72a)

6-Methyl -2 -(4-(tri ftuoromethy])pyri d;in~3 -y 1 )-3 ;4-dihydroisoquinoIinrl(2H)- one (71 A: 450mg, 1 ,465mmoI _: ) was reacted with concentrated H2SO (4.4niL) and KNO ₃ (163mg, L6!26.ffiniol) for 2 hours to afford 350rog of the product (68% yield).

1H MR (300 MHz, CDCI ₃ ): δ 8,86-8.84 (d, I H), 8.7 (s, IH), 7.72-7.69 (d, IH), 7.29 (s, IH), 4.07-3.98 (m, 1 H) ₅ 3.85-3.77 (m, IH), 3,41-3.32 (m, IH), 3,17-3.10 (Hi, IH), 2.68 (s,.3H), LCMS: 97.281%, m/z - 351.9 (M+l).

Pr paralimi itf

(I-72b)

6~Methyl-7-miro-2-(4-(trifluom

i (2H)~orie (72Λ: 350ηι¾, l mol) in methanol (l OmL) was reduced with 10%Pd/C (l OOffig) to afford 3Q0mg of the product (93.7% yield). 'Η NMR (300 MHz, CD(¾): 5 8,79-8.78 (d, I H), 8.70-8.68 (d, I H), 7.66-7.64 (d, IH), 7.42 (8* IH), 7.00-6.97 (d, HI), 3.96-3.88 (m, IH), 3.75-3.70 (m, IH), 2,99- 2.89 (m, 2H), 2.23 (s, 3H). LCMS: 54.09%, m z = 322.0 (M+l) Preparation af l icetyl-?~{4-{trifIitorometh\4}pw

pVf'a∑a [4.3- isoquinolw~8{5Hham (I- 72c}:

(I~72e)

7~Amino-6-methyl-2-(4-(trifliiGromethyl)pyridin-3

dihydroiso dn lin-l(2B)-one (¾-72 : 300mg. 1.1 Immoi) iivchiorofonn (lOmL) was reacted with potassium acetate (153ing. 1.56mmol), acetic anhydride (0.213mL, 2.23mmol), 18-crown-6-ether (59mg, 0.223mmol) and isoamylnitrite (0.33mL, 2.46mnioi) for 24 hours to afford tlie crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (100% ethyl acetate) afforded 80mg of _. the product (16.7% yield).

*H NMR (300 MHz, CDCI ₃ ); S 9.25 (s, I H), 8.89-.8.S2 (<1, I¾ 8.73 (s, H), 8.16 (s, IH), 8.69-8.67 (d, IH), 8.63 (s, IH), 4,04-3.98 (m, I H). 3.88-3.80 (in, IH), 3.50-3,4 (m, 1 H), 3.32-3.2 m, 1 H), 2.8 (s, 3H). LCMS: 98.44%, m z = 375.1 (M+ ί) Prep raiHm of7~(4-(trffltmrometh\$)py i$n-3-vl)-6 _< 7~ ihydre-lH~pw z lo[4 _l 3~ g]isoq ylin-B(5H}~om (72A):

l-Acetyl-7-(4-(tnfluoromethyi)pYndin~3-yl)-6J^ihydro-l H-pyrazolo 4,3- g]isoquinoIin-8(5H)-one (i-72c; 45rng, I2nimol) in chloroform was deac lated with 6 HC1 for 1.6 hours. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (4% methanol in DCM) afforded 15mg of the product (37.5% yield).

Ή ΜΚ (CD ¾, 400MHz): .8 10.33 (s, I H), 8.83-8.82 (d, I H), 8.73 (s, I H), 8.37 (s, I H), 8.12 (s, IH), 7.69-7.68 (d, HI), 7.65 (s, I H), 4.53-3.98 (td, I H), 3.86- 3.80 (m, IH), 3.49-3.41 (rn, IH), 3.26-3.20 (dt, IH). LCMS: 96.02%, m/z = 333.1 (M+l ), HPLC: 91.76%

Example 73 Preparation of 2-(4-cyclopropylpyridin-3-yl)-7-(trifluoromethyl)-3, 4- dihydroisoquinolin- I(2H) -on

(I-73a)

4-Chloro-3-nitropyridine (lOOmg, 0.630mmol) and cyclopropyl boronic acid (10.0 mg, 0.091mmol) were added to a solution of xylene (3mL) previously purged with argon (10 min). The reaction mixture was purged with argon for a further

15mins, followed by the addition of potassium carbonate (174.35mg, 1.26mmol) and Pd(PPh ₃ ) ₄ (34.5mg, 0.063mmol). The resulting mixture was heated to reflux at 130 °C overnight. The reaction was monitored by TLC (30% ethyl acetate in hexane). The reaction mixture was cooled and concentrated to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel ( 15% ethyl acetate in hexane) afforded 1 lOmg of the product (100% yield). LCMS: 99.09 %, m/z = 165 (M+l)

(I-73b)

inc powder (223.2mg, 3.41mmol) and ammonium chloride solution (365mg, 6.8mmol) were added to a stirred solution of 4-cyclopropyl-3-nitropyridine (70mg, 0.426mmol) in dry THF (2mL) at 0°C and the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for lhour. The reaction was monitored by TLC (10% methanol in CHC1 ₃ ). The organic layer was concentrated and washed with pentane to afford 450mg of the product (100% yield). 1H NMR (CDCI3, 300 MHz): δ 8.10 (s, 1H), 7.95 (d, 1H), 6.90 (d, 1H), 4.1 (bs, 2H), 1.75-1.60 (m, 1H), 1.10-0.95 (q, 2H), 0.70-0.60 (q, 2H). LCMS: 84.5 %, m/z=135.1 (M+l) :

(I-73c)

Isoamyl nitrite (2.62gm, 22.38mmol) was added to a stirred solution of 4- cyclopropylpyridin-3-amine (I-73b: .Ogm, 7.46mmol) in dry THF (15mL) under argon atmosphere. This was followed by the addition of diiodomethane (3.0 mL, 22.38mmol) and copper iodide (1.42gm, 7.46mmol). The resulting mixture was refluxed at 80°C for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was cooled, filtered and the filtrate was partitioned between ethyl acetate and water. The organic layer was concentrated to yield the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (15% ethyl acetate in hexane) afforded 600mg of the product (34% yield).

'H NMR (CDC1 ₃ , 400MHZ): δ 8.84 (s, 1H), 8.35-8.34 (d, 1H), 6.73-6.71 (d, 1H) 2.10-2.04 (m, 1H), 1.17-1.12 (m, 2H), 0.78-0.74 (m, 2H).

Preparation of2-(4-cvcloproDylpyridin-3-yl)-7-(trifluoromethyl)-3,4- dihydroisoquinolin-l (2H) -one (73 A ) :

7-(trifluoromethyl)-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-l(2H)-one (I-4d: lOOmg, 0.465mmol) was reacted with 4-cyclopropyl-3-iodopyridine (I-73c: 125.3mg, 0.51mmol), 1,4-dioxane (5mL), copper iodide (8.8mg, 0.0465mmol), trans-N,W- dimethyl-cyclohexyl-l,2-diamine (6.6mg, 0.0465mmol) and potassium phosphate (246mg, 1.16mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred for 24 hours at 120 °C. The reaction was monitored by TLC (10% methanol in CHCI3). The reaction mixture was concentrated to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (2% methanol in CHCI3), followed by preparative HPLC afforded 20 mg of the product (12.9% yield).

1H NMR (CDC1 ₃ , 400MHz) : δ 8.4 (s, 3H), 7.7-7.75 (d, 1H), 7.44-7.42 (d,

1H), 6.87-6.85 (d, 1H), 4.03-4.0 (m, 1H), 3.95-3.90 (m, 1H), 3.3-3.25 (m, 2H), 1.95- 1.93 (m, IH), 1.12-1.06 (m, 2H), 0.99-0.95 (m, IH), 0.73-0.69 (m,lH). LCMS: 100%, m/z -333 (M+l). HPLC: 99.48%

Example 74

Preparation of 7-chloro-2-(4-cyclopropylpwidin-3-yl)-3, 4-dihvdroisoq inolin-l C2W- one (74A):

(74A)

7-Chloro-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-l(2H)-one fl-ld: lOOmg, 0.552mmol) was reacted with 4-cyclopropyl-3-iodopvridine (I- 73c: 162mg, 0.662mmol), 1,4-dioxane (5mL), copper iodide (31mg, 0.165mmol), tra/w-N,N'-dimethyI-cycIohexyl-l,2- diamine (8mg, O.055mmol) and potassium phosphate (351mg, 1.657mmol for 48 hours at 120 °C. to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (2% methanol in CHC1 ₃ ) afforded 42 mg of the product (25.45% yield). lH NMR (CDC1 _3, 300MHz): 68.44-8.42 (m, 2H), 8.134-8.132 (d, IH), 7.48- 7.44 (dd, IH), 7.26-7.21 (m, IH), 6.83-6.82 (d, IH), 3.99-3.86 (m, 2H), 3.22-3.14 (m, 2H), 2.02-1.45 (m, IH), 1.09-0.92 (m, 3H), 0.71-0.6 (m, IH). LCMS: 98.89%, m/z = 299.0 (M+l). HPLC: 94.47%.

Example 75

Preparation of 7-chloro-2-(4-ethv\pyridin-3-y\)-3, 4-dihydroisoqumolin-l(2H)-one GUI:

(75A)

7-Chloro-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-l(2H)-one (I- Id: lOOmg, 0.552mmol) was reacted with 3-bromo-4-ethyl pyridine (133.5mg,0.718mmol), 1,4-dioxane (5mL), copper iodide (10.48mg, 0.0555mmol), /ra «-N,N'-dimethyl-cyclohexyl-l ,2-diamine (7.8mg, O.055mmol) and potassium phosphate (351mg, 1.657mmol for 48 hours at 120°C to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (50% ethyl acetate in hexane), followed by preparative HPLC afforded 25mg of the product (15.72% yield).

1H NMR (CDC1 _3, 400 ΜΗζ):δ 8.52-8.51 (d, IH), 8.44 (s, IH), 8.12-8.11 (d. IH), 7.48-7.44 (dd, IH), 7.36-7.29 (d, IH), 7.24-7.22 (d, IH), 4.04-3.08 (m, IH), 3.77.3.71 (m, IH), 3.34-3.09 (m, 2H), 2.70-2.58 (m, 2H), 1.27-1.20 (m, 3H). LCMS: 100% m/z = 287.1 (M+l). HPLC: 99.54%.

Example 76

Preparation of 2-(4-cvclopropylpyridin-3-yl)-3, 4-dihydrobenzof4.5]thieno[3, 2- c]pyridin-l(2H)-one (76A):

3,4-Dihydro-2H-benzo[4,5]thieno[3,2-c]pyridin- 1 -one fl-9d:

100mg,0.491mmol) was reacted with 4-cyclopropyl-3-iodo-pyridine (I-73c: 133mg, 0.65mmol), 1,4-dioxane (3mL), copper iodide (9.3 lmg, 0.049mmol), irans-N,N'- dimethyl-cyclohexyl-l,2-diamine (6.9mg, 0.049mmol) and potassium phosphate (313.3mg, 1.47mmol) to afford the crude product. Purification by column

chromatography on silica gel (1% methanol in CHCI3) afforded 46.8mg of the product (29.8% yield).

1H NMR (CDCI3, 300 MHz): δ 8.626-8.62 (d, IH), 8.49-8.44 (m, 2H), 7.83- 7.81 (d, IH), 7.46-7.38 (m, 2H), 6.84-6.83 (d, IH), 4.17-4.12 (m, IH), 4.0-3.98 (m, IH), 3.42-3.34 (m, 2H), 2.03-1.9 (m, IH), 1.1-0.9 (m, 2H), 0.7-0.69 (m, 2H). LCMS: 94.04%, m/z = 321.1 (M+l )

HPLC: 95.09%. Example 77

Preparation of 8-iluoro- 7-(trifluoromethyl)-2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-3.4- dihydroisoquinolin-l (2H)-one (77 A):

(I-77a)

Malonic acid (3.09g, 0.02976mol) and piperidine (0.168mL, 0.00198mol) were added to a solution of 3-fluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzaldehyde (5g, 0.0198mol) in pyridine (50mL) at room temperature under nitrogen atmosphere. The resulting mixture was refluxed at 70°C for 12 hours under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction was monitored by TLC (5% methanol in CHC1 ₃ ). The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, acidified to pH~2 using 6N HC1 and filtered. The residue was washed with n-hexane (20mL) and dried under reduced pressure to afford 5.5 g of the crude product which was used in the next step without further purification.

'H NMR (DMSO-D ₆ , 400 MHz): δ 13.00-12.21 (bs, 1H), 8.10-7.86 (m, 2H),

7.85-7.53 (m, 3H).

Preparation of Intermediate 3-(3-fluoro-4-(trifl oromethyl)phenyl)propanoic acid (I-

(I-77b)

10% Pd/C was added to a stirred solution of 3-(3-fluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-acrylic acid fl-77a: 5.5g, 0.0234mol) in methanol. The resulting mixture was stirred under hydrogen atmosphere for 4 hours. The reaction was monitored by TLC (5% methanol in CHCI3). The catalyst was filtered through celite bed and the solvent distilled under reduced pressure to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (2% methanol in CHC1 ₃ ) afforded 4.5g of the product (81.8% yield).

Ή NMR (DMSO-De, 400 MHz): 6 12.7-12.21 (bs, 1H), 7.86-7.6 (m, 1H), 7.5- 7.35 (d, H), 7.31-7.22 (d, 1H), 3.2-2.83 (m, 2H), 2.67-2.52 (m, 2H).

Preparation of Intermediate 7-fluoro~6-(trifluoromethyl)-2,3-dihvdro-lH-inden-I-one

(I-77c)

Chlorosulfonic acid (12.6 mL) was added to a stirred solution of 3-(3-fiuoro-4- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl)propanoic acid (I-77b: 1.0g, 4.2707mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred for 5 hours at 0°C. The reaction was monitored by TLC (20% ethyl acetate in hexane). The reaction mixture was quenched with ice water and extracted with chloroform (2x150 mL). The organic layer was dried over Na ₂ S0 ₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (5% ethyl acetate in hexane), afforded 550mg of the product (58.9% yield).

'H NMR (CDC1 ₃ , 400 MHz): 6 8.09-8.02 (d, 1H), 7.35-7.3 (d, 1H), 3.23-3.2 (m, 2H), 2.81 -2.73 (m, 2H).

Preparation of Intermediate 8-fluoro-7-ftrifluoromethyl)-3,4-dihvdroisoquinolin~ U2H)-one (l-77d):

(I-77d)

Sodium azide (492mg, 7.5688mmol) was added portion wise to a stirred solution of 7-fluoro-6-(trifluoromethyl)-2,3-dihydro-lH-inden-l-one (I-77c: 500mg, 2.2935mmol) in TFA (15mL) over a period of 5 hours at 80°C. The reaction was monitored by TLC (5% methanol in CHC1 ₃ ). The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, followed by the addition of ice. The precipitated solid was filtered, washed with water (20mL) and dried under reduced pressure to yield the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (2% methanol in CHC1 ₃ ) afforded 300mg of the product (56.1% yield).

'H MR (CDCI3, 400MHz): δ 8.4-8.3 (d, 1H), 7.1-7.0 (d, 1H), 6.4-6.2 (bs, 1H), 3.72-3.6 (m, 2H), 3.1-3.0 (m, 2H).

Preparation of 8-fluoro- 7-(trifluoromethyl)-2-(4~(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-3, 4- dihydroisoquinol in- 1 (2H) -one (77 A ) :

8-Fluoro-7-(trifluoromethyl)-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-l(2H)-on e (I-77d:

lOOmg, 0.4288mmol) was reacted with 3-bromo-4-(trifluoromethyl)-pyridine (120mg, 0.5575mmol), 1 ,4-dioxane (5mL), copper iodide (8. lmg, 0.0428mmol), /ra«_r-N,N'- dimethyl-cyclohexyH,2-diamine (6. lmg, 0.0428mmol) and potassium phosphate

(273mg, 1.2866mmol) to afford the crude product. Purification by column

chromatography on silica gel (2% methanol in CHCI3), followed by preparative

HPLC afforded 25 mg of the product (15.4% yield).

Ή NMR (CDCI3, 300 MHz): δ 8.86-8.82 (d, 1H), 8.7 (s, 1H), 8.45-8.41 (d, lH), 7.72-7.68 (d, 1H), 7.18-7.12 (d, 1H), 4.34-4.2 (bs, 1H), 4.1-3.8 (m, 1H), 3.86-

3.74 (m, 1H), 3.48-3.1 (m, 1H), 3.2-3.06 (m, 1H). LCMS: 91.17%, m/z = 379.1

(M+l). HPLC: 99.50%. Example 78

Prevaration of 6-1luoro-2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)pwidin-3-yl)-3, 4-dihvdroisoquinolin- l(2H)-one (78A):

(78A)

Preparation of Intermediate 3-(3-il orophenyl)acrylic acid (l-78a):

(I-78a)

3-Fluorobenzaldehyde (5g, 40.28mmol) in pyridine (50mL) was reacted with malonic acid (5.4g, 52.3rnmol) and piperidine (343mg, 4.0mmol) at 75°C for 12 hours to afford 6.6g (96.9%) of the crude product which was used in the next step without further purification.

1H NMR (DMSO-D ₆ , 300 MHz): δ 13.00-12.21 (bs, 1H), 7.64-7.4 (m, 4H), 7.3-7.2 (t, 1H), 6.68-6.58 (d, 1H).

Preparation of Intermediate 3-(3-fluorophenyl)propanoic acid (l-78b):

(I-78b)

3-(3-Fluorophenyl)acrylic acid (I-78a: 6.4 gm,38.5mmol) in methanol (1 OOmL) was reduced with 10% Pd/C (640mg) to afford the crude product, 5g (80.69% yield).

1H NMR (CDCI3, 300 MHz): δ 11.00-10.00 (bs, 1H), 7.4-7.3 (m, 1H), 7.1-6.8 (m, 3H), 3.0-2.9 (t, 2H), 2.75-2.64 (t, 2H). Preparation of Intermediate 5-fluor -2,3-dihvdro-lH-inden-l-one (1-78c):

(I-78c)

3-(3-Fluorophenyl)propanoic acid fl-78b: 2.0 gm, 1 l.Smmol) was cyclized with chlorosulfonic acid (20 mL) to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (10% ethyl acetate in hexane), afforded 1.2g of the product (70.5% yield).

'H NMR (CDCI3, 300 MHz): δ 7.8-7.74 (m, 1H), 7.18-7.02 (m, 2H), 3.24-3.18 (t, 2H), 2.8-2.7 (t, 2H). Preparation of Intermediate 6-fluo -3,4-dihvdroisoquinolin-l(2H)-one (l-78d):

(I-78d) 5-Fluoro-2,3-dihydro-lH-inden- l-one Q-78c: 1.2g,8.0mmol) in TFA (20mL) was reacted with sodium azide (1.7g, 26.4mmol) to afforded 550mg of the product (46.2% yield).

lH NMR (CDC1 ₃ , 300 MHz): δ 8.8 (bs, IH), 6.9-6.84 (t, 2H), 6.8-6.7 (m, IH), 3.0-2.9 (t, 2H), 2.7-2.6 (t, 2H).

Preparation of 6-fluoro-2-f4-ftrifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-3.4-dihvdroisoq uinolin-

6-Fluoro-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-l(2H)-one fl-78d: 500mg, 3.029mmol) was reacted with 3-bromo-4-(trifluoromethyl)-pyridine (890mg, 3.93mmol), 1,4-dioxane (15mL), copper iodide (57.5mg, OJOmmol), /ra/M ^, -N,N'-dimethyl-cyclohexyl-l,2- diamine (43mg, 0.302mmol) and potassium phosphate (1.92g, 9.08mmol) for 36 hours at 120 °C to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (2% methanol in CHCI3), afforded 600 mg of the product (64.5% yield).

'H NMR (CDC1 ₃ , 300MHZ): δ 8.86-8.80 (d, IH), 8.7 (s, IH), 8.2-8.1 (m, IH),

7.7-7.64 (d, IH), 7.19-7.0 (m, IH), 6.99-6.96 (d, IH), 4.03-3.9 (m, IH), 3.83-3.73 (m, IH), 3.3-3.3 (m, IH), 3.09-3.02 (m, IH). LCMS: 87.32%, m/z = 311.1 (M+l).

HPLC: 96.54% Example 79

Preparation of 6-fluoro- 7-iodo-2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)Dyridin-3-yl)-3.4- dihvdroisoauinolin-l(2H)-one

(79A)

Preparation of Intermediate 6-fluoro-7-nitro~2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-3,4- dihvdro isoquinolin-1 (2H)-on - 79a) :

(I-79a) 6-Fluoro -2-(4- (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3 -yl)-3 ,4-dihydroisoquinolin- 1 (2H)- one (78 A: 600mg, 1.93mmol) was reacted with concentrated H ₂ S0 ₄ (5mL) and KN0 ₃ (215.2mg, 2.12mmol) for 4 hours to afford 550mg of the product (79.9% yield).

H NMR (CDCI3, 300MHz): 68.86-8.83 (m, 2H), 8.7 (s, 1H), 7.71-7.67 (d,

1H), 7.22 (s, 1H), 4.13-4.0 (m, 1H), 3.9-3.8 (m, 1H), 3.5-3.3 (m, 1H), 3.25-3.02 (m, 1H). LCMS: 84.59%, m/z = 357.1 (M+l).

Preparation of Intermediate 7-amino-6-fluoro-2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)Oyridin-3-yl)-3.4- dihydroisoauinolin-1 (2H)-on - 79b):

(I-79b)

Iron powder (431.4mg, 7.72) and acetic acid (lOmL) were added to a stirred solution of 6-fluoro-7-nitro-2-(4-(trifiuoromethyl)pyridin-3-yI)-3 _? 4- dihydroisoquinolin-1 (2H)-one (I-79a: 550mg, 1.54mmol) in THF (5mL). The resulting mixture was stirred for 4 hours at 70°C. The reaction was monitored by TLC (30% ethyl acetate in hexane). The catalyst was filtered through celite bed and the solvent concentrated under reduced pressure to afford 400mg of the product (80% yield).

Preparation of 6-fluoro-7-iodo-2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-3.4- dihydroisoqumoUn-l (2H) -one (79 A ) :

Isoamylnitrite (0.4mL, 3.2198mmol), diiodomethane (0.4mL, 5.36mmol) and Cul (203.9mg, 1.07mmol) were added to a stirred solution of 7-amino-6-fluoro-2-(4- (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-l (2H)-one (I-79b:

350mg,l .07mmol) in dry THF(lOmL). The resulting mixture was stirred for 1 hour at 70°C. The reaction was monitored by TLC (40% ethyl acetate in hexane). The reaction mixture was concentrated to yield the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (30% ethyl acetate in hexane), followed by preparative HPLC afforded 15 mg of the product (10% yield). 1HNMR (CDCI3, 300MHz) : 68.9-8.6 (m, 2H), 8.54-8.5 (d, IH), 7.7 (s, IH), 7.0-6.86 (d, IH), 4.1-3.9 (td, IH), 3.83-3.73 (m, IH), 3.35-3.32 (m, IH), 3.1-2.96 (dt, IH). LCMS: 100% m/z = 436.9 (M+l). HPLC: 91.85%

Example 80

Preparation of 7-chloro-6-fluoro-2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-vI)-3, 4- dihydroisoquinolin-I {2H)-one

(80A)

Isoamylnitrite (107.7mg, 0.91mmol) was added to the stirred solution of 7- amino-6-fluoro-2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3 -yI)-3 ,4-dihydroisoquinolin- 1 (2H)-one (I-79b: lOOmg, O.306mmol) in CCI ₄ (lOmL). The resulting mixture was stirred for 1 hour at 70 °C. The reaction was monitored by TLC (5% methanol in CHCI3). The reaction mixture was concentrated to yield the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (2% methanol in CHCI3), followed by preparative HPLC afforded 10 mg of the product (10% yield).

1H NMR (CDCI3, 300MHz): 5 8.82-8.80 (d, IH), 8.7 (s, IH), 8.2 (d, IH), 7.72-7.6 (d, IH), 7.1-7.08 (d, IH), 4.03-3.9 (m, IH), 3.83-3.73 (m, IH), 3.34-3.3 (m, IH), 3.1-3.02 (m, IH). LCMS: 100%, m/z = 345 (M+l). HPLC: 90.144%

Example 81

Preparation of 2-{4-cvclopropylpyridin-3~yl)-6-fluoro-3, 4-dihvdroisoquinolin-l f2H)- one (81 A):

(81A)

6-Fluoro-3 ,4-dihydroisoquinolin- l(2H)-one d-78d: 500mg, 3.02938mmol) was reacted with 3-iodo-4-cyclopropyl-pyridine (1-73 c: 816mg, 3.3323mmol), 1,4- dioxane (lOmL), copper iodide (57.3mg, 0.3mmol), ircr«s-N,N'-dimethyl-cyclohexyl- 1,2-diamine (43mg, 0.30mmol) and potassium phosphate (1.92g, 9.0mmol) to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (2% methanol in CHCI3) afforded 700mg of the product (81.9% yield).

Ή NMR (CDC-3, 300 MHz): δ 8.5-8.4 (bs, 2H), 8.19-8.14 (m, IH), 7.1-7.04 (m, IH), 6.99-6.95 (dd, IH), 6.83-6.8 (d, IH), 4.0-3.96 (m, IH), 3.9-3.86 (m, IH), 3.25-3.1 (m, 2H), 2.0-1.9 (m, IH), 1.1-1.0 (m, 2H), 0.95-0.9 (m, IH) ), 0.7-0.6 (m, IH). LCMS: 100%, m/z - 283.2 (M+l).

Example 82

Preparation of 7-chloro-2-(4-cvclopropylpyridin-3-yl)-6-fluoro-3.4- dihvdro isoq uinolin- 1 (2H) -one

(82A)

Preparation of2-f4-cvclopropylpyridin-3-yl)-6-fluoro-7-nitro-3 -dihvdroisoauinolin- l(2H)-one (I-82a):

(I-82a)

2-(4-Cyclopropylpyridin-3-yl)-6-fluoro-3,4-dihydroisoquinoli n-l(2H)-one (81 A: 700mg, 2.482mmol) was reacted with cone. H ₂ S0 ₄ (5mL) and KN0 ₃ (276mg, 2.73mmol) for 4 hours to afford 400mg of the product (49.14% yield).

1H NMR (DMSO-D _6, 300 MHz): δ 8.85 (s, IH), 8.7-8.65 (d, IH), 8.6-8.55 (d, IH), 7.8-7.7 (d, IH), 7.45-7.4 (d, IH), 3.5-3.3 (m, 3H), 2.3-2.1 (m, IH), 1.4-0.9 (m, 5H). LCMS: 98.82%, m/z = 328.1(M+1)

Preparation of Intermediate 7-amino-2-(4-cvclopropylpyridin-3-yl)-6-fluoro-3.4- dihydroisoquinolin-l (2H)-one (I-82b):

(I-82b)

2-(4-Cyclopropylpyridin-3-yl)-6-fluoro-7-nitro-3,4-dihydrois oquinolin-l(2H)- one (I-82a: 400mg, 1.219mmol) was reduced with iron powder (340mg, 6.09mmol) and acetic acid (1 OmL) in THF (1 OmL) at 75°C for 4 hours to afford 350mg of the product (96.6% yield).

1H NMR (DMSO-D _6, 300 MHz): δ 8.4-8.3 (m, 2H), 7.4-7.3 (d, 1H), 7.06-6.9 (m, 2H), 5.26 (s, 2H), 3.95-3.85 (m, 1H), 3.75-3.65 (m, 1H), 3.01-2.98 (m, 2H), 1.95- 1.85 (m, 1H) 1.2-0.6 (m, 5H). LCMS: 96.01%, m/z - 298.1(M+1)

Preparation of 7-chloro-2-(4-cvclopropylpyridin-3-yl)-6-fluoro-3,4- dihvdroisoquinolin-1 (2H)-one (82A):

Isoamylnitrite (39mg, 0.335mmol), CuCl ₂ (33.69mg, 0.25mmol) were added to a stirred solution of 7-amino-2-(4-cyclopropylpyridin-3-yl)-6-fluoro-3,4- dihydroisoquinolin- 1 (2H)-one (I-82b: 5 Omg, 0.167mmol) in acetonitnle (5mL). The resulting mixture was stirred for 4 hours at room temperature. The reaction was monitored by TLC (100% ethyl acetate). The reaction mixture was concentrated to yield the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (100% ethyl acetate), followed by preparative HPLC afforded 15 mg of the product (10% yield).

lH NMR (CD ₃ OD 400 MHz): δ 8.41-8.37(m, 2H), 8.09-8.07 (d, 1H), 7.32- 7.30 (d, 1H), 7.05-7.04 (d, 1H), 4.06-4.01 (m, 1H), 4.00-3.88 (m, 1H), 3.28-3.19 (m, 2H), 2.02-1.96 (m, 1H), 1.12-1.08 (m, 2H), 1.02-0.93 (m, 1H), 0.8-0.77 (m, 1H). LCMS: 99.11%, m/z = 317(M+1). HPLC: 99.15%.

Example 83

Preparation of 6-fluoro-2-(4-methylpyridin-3-yl)-3, 4'dihydroisoquinolin-l C2H)~orte

(83A):

(83A)

6-Fluoro-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-l(2H)-one (I-78d: 250mg, 1.5146mmol) was reacted with 3-iodo-4-methyl-pyridine (365mg, 1.66mmol), 1,4-dioxane (lOmL), copper iodide (29mg, 0.15 lmmol), i/ <3/i5-N,N'-dimethyl-cyclohexyl-l,2-diamine (21.5mg, 0.l51mmol) and potassium phosphate (965mg, 4.54mmol) for 14 hours at 120 °C to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (2% methanol in CHC1 ₃ ) afforded 350 mg of the product (90.4% yield).

Ή NMR (CDCls, 300MHz): 68.55-8.45 (m, 2H), 8.19-8.14 (m, 1H), 7.25 (s, 1H), 7.15-7.05 (td, 1 H), 7.00-6.96 (dd, 1H), 4.04-4.00 (m, 1H), 3.80-3.76 (m, 1H), 3.24-3.15 (m, 2H), 2.30 (s, 3H).

Example 84

Preparation of 7-chloro-6-fluoro-2-(4-methylpyridin-3-yl)-3, 4-dihydroisoquinolin-

(84A)

Preparation of Intermediate 6-fluoro-7-nitro-2-(4-methyl-Oyridin-3-yl)-3,4- dihvdroisoauinolin-1 (2H)-one (l-84a):

(I-84a) 6-Fluoro-2-(4-methylpyridin-3-yl)-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-l(2 H)-one (83A: 350mg, 1.38mmol) was reacted with cone. H2SO4 (4mL) and NO3 (154mg, 1.52mmol) for 4 hours to afford 250mg of the product (60.0% yield).

'H NMR (DMSO-D ₆ , 400MHZ): 58.84 (s, IH), 8.68-8.67 (d, IH), 8.56-8.54 (d, IH), 7.83-7.82 (d, IH), 7.76-7.73 (d, IH), 4.15-4.05 (m, IH), 3.92-3.80 (m, IH), 3.38-3.31 (m, 2H), 2.39 (s, 3H).

Preparation of Intermediate 7-amino~6-fluoro-2-{4-methylpyridin-3-yl)-3,4- dihvdroisoq uinolin- 1 (2H)-one (I-84b):

(I-84b)

6- Fluoro-7-nitro-2-(4-methyl-pyridin-3-yl)-3,4-dihydroisoquino lin-l(2H)-one (I-84a: 150mg, 0.498mmol) was reduced with iron powder (139mg, 2.4mmol) and acetic acid (5mL) in THF (5mL) at 70°C for 4 hours to afford 130mg of the product (96.2% yield).

'HNMR (DMSO-D ₆ , 300MHz): 68.45 (s, IH), 8.39-8.37 (d, IH), 7.41-7.34 (m, 2H), 7.06-7.02 (d, IH), 5.27 (s, 2H), 3.92-3.87 (m, IH), 3.68-3.64 (m, IH), 3.06- 2.91 (m, 2H) 2.19 (s, 3H). Preparation of 7-chloro-6-ftuoro-2-(4-methylpyridin-3-yl)-3.4-dihydroisoqui noIin- U2H)-one (84A):

7- Amino-6-fluoro-2-(4-methylpyridin-3-yl)-3,4-dihydroisoquinol in-l(2H)-one (I- 84b: 130mg, 0.47mmol) in acetonitrile (lOmL) was reacted with isoamylnitrite

(1 12.2mg, 0.959mmol), and CuCl ₂ (96.7mg, 0.719mmol) to yield the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (2% methanol in CHCI3), followed by preparative HPLC afforded 35 mg of the product (25.1% yield).

'HNMR (CDCl ₃₎ 400MHz): 68.5-8.42 (m, 2H), 8.22-8.18 (d, IH), 7.23 (s, IH), 7.08-7.06 (m, IH), 4.05-3.9 (m, IH), 3.80-3.76 (m, IH), 3.24-3.09 (m, 2H), 2.28 (s, IH). LCMS: 99.37%, m/z = 291 (M+l). HPLC: 99.5%.

Example 85 Preparation of 6-chloro-7-(trifluoromethyl)-2-f4-{trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3 -yl)-3, 4- dihvdroisoquinolin-1 (2H)-one (85 A):

(85A)

Preparation of Intermediate ethyl 3-(3-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)acrylate (I- 85a):

(I-85a)

DABCO (86.4mg, 0.7mmol), Pd(OAc) ₂ (86.5mg, 0.38mmol), 4-bromo-2- chloro-l-(trifluoromethyl)benzene (5.0g, 19.2minol) and ethyl acrylate (2.86g, 28.9mmol) were added to a stirred solution of K ₂ C0 ₃ (2.6g, 19.27mmol) in DMF degassed previously for 20 minutes. The resulting mixture was stirred for 1 hour at 1 10 °C. The reaction was monitored by TLC (5% ethyl acetate in hexane).

Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (5% ethyl acetate in hexane) afforded 5.0g of the product (94.3% yield).

Ή NMR (CDCI3, 400 MHz): δ 7.75-7.7 (d, 1H), 7.68-7.62 (d, 1H), 7.6 (s, 1H), 7.54-7.46 (d, 1H), 6.54-6.48 (d, 1H), 4.3-4.2 (q, 2H), 1.4-1.32 (t, 3H).

Preparation of Intermediate ethyl 3-(3-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)propanoate (I-85b):

(I-85b)

10% Pd/C (300mg) and ZnBr (807mg, 3.58mmol) were added to a stirred solution of ethyl 3-(3-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl acrylate (I-85a: 5.0g, 17.92mmol) in ethyl acetate (100 mL) and the resulting mixture was stirred for 3 days at room temperature. The reaction was monitored by TLC (1% ethyl acetate in hexane). The catalyst was filtered through celite bed and the solvent concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the product 4.8g (96.0%)

1H NMR (CDC1 ₃ , 400 MHz): δ 7.64-7.58 (d, 1H), 7.38 (s, 1H), 7.24-7.18 (d, 1H), 4.22-4.1 (m, 2H), 3.02-2.9 (m, 2H), 2.7-2.6 (m, 2H), 1.3-1.2 (m, 3H).

Preparation of Intermediate 3-(3 loro-4-(trifl orometh l)ph nyl)propanoic acid (1- 85c):

(I-85c)

IN NaOH solution was added to a stirred solution of ethyl 3-(3-chloro-4- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl)propanoate (I-85b: 4.8g, 17.8 mmol) in ethanol and the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. The reaction was monitored by TLC (2% ethyl acetate in hexane). The reaction mixture was

concentrated under reduced pressure, quenched with ice, acidified with IN HCl and extracted with DCM (2xl50mL). The organic layer was dried over Na ₂ S0 ₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the product 4.2g (97.6%).

Ή NMR (CDCI3, 400 MHz): δ 7.62-7.6 (d, 1H), 7.38 (s, 1H), 7.24-7.14 (d, 1H), 3.04-2.96 (t, 2H), 2.76-2.68 (t, 2H).

Preparation of Intermediate 5-chloro-6-(trifluoromethyl)-2.3-dihydro-lH-inden-I-one g-85d):

(I-85d)

3-(3-Chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)propanoic acid (I-85c: 1.0 g,

3.96mmol) was reacted with chlorosulfonic acid (12.6 mL) for 5 hours at 0 °C.

Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (10% ethyl acetate in hexane) afforded 650mg of the product 69.8% yield).

1H NMR (CDC1 ₃ , 400 MHz): δ 8.1 (s, 1H), 7.68 (s, 1H), 3.24-3.18 (t, 2H), 2.8- 2.76 (t, 2H). Preparation of Intermediate 6-chloro-7-(trifluoromethyl)-3,4-dihvdroisoquinolin-

(I-85e)

5-Chloro-6-(trifluoromethyl)-2,3-dihydro-lH-inden-l-one (I-85d: 600mg, 2.5575mmol) in TFA (25mL) was reacted with sodium azide (549mg, 8.439mmol) for 5 hours at 80°C. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (1% methanol in CHC1 ₃ ), afforded 350mg of the product (54.8% yield).

1H NMR (CDCI3, 400MHz): δ 8.4 (s, 1H), 7.4 (s, 1H), 6.5-6.45 (bs, 1H), 3.68-

3.58 (m, 2H), 3.08-3.02 (m, 2H).

Preparation of 6-chlorO'7-(trifluoromethyl)'2~(4-{trifluoromeihyl)Oyridin-3 -yl)'3, 4- dihydroisoquinolin- 1 (2H)-one (85 A ) :

6-Chloro-7-(trifluoromethyl)-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-l(2H)-on e d-85e;

lOOmg, 0.4mmol) was reacted with 3-bromo-4-(trifluoromethyl)-pyridine (1 17.6mg, 0.520mmol), 1,4-dioxane (5mL), copper iodide (7.6mg, 0.04mmol), trans-Ν,Ν'- dimethyl-cyclohexyl-l,2-diamine (5.6mg, 0.04mmol) and potassium phosphate (255.6mg, 1.2mmol) to afford the crude product. Purification by preparative HPLC afforded 15 mg of the product ( 10% yield).

1H NMR (CDCI3, 400 MHz): δ 8.85-8.84 (d, 1H), 8.71 (s, 1H), 8.4 (s, 1H), 7.70-7.68 (d, 1H), 7.4 (s, 1H), 4.1-4.0 (m, 1H), 3.83-3.73 (m, 1H), 3.48-3.32 (m, 1H), 3.1-3.08 (m, 1H). LCMS: 97.0%, m/z = 395.0 (M+l). HPLC: 95.0%. Example 86

Preparation of 7-chloro~6-methoxy-2-(4-methylpyridin-3-yl)-3, 4-dihvdroisoquinolin- l(2H)-one (86A):

(86A) Preparation of Intermediate l-ch,loro-2-methoxy-4-(2-nitrovinyl)benzene (I-86a):

(I-86a)

4-Chloro-3-methoxybenzaldehyde (lg, 5.88mmol) in ethanol (lOmL) was reacted with nitro methane (358mg,5.88mmol) and ION NaOH (0.6mL, 28.1 lmmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at 0°C for 3 hours to afford 800 mg of the product (66.6% yield).

1H NM (CDC1 ₃ , 300 MHz): δ 7.97-7.93 (m, 1H), 7.59-7.55 (m, 1H), 7.45- 7.426 (m, 1 H), 7.1-7.09 (dd, 1H), 7.03-7.0 (d, 1H), 3.95 (s, 3H).

Preparation of Intermediate 2-(4-chloro-3-methoxyphenyl)ethanamine (I-86b):

(I-86b)

l-Chloro-2-methoxy-4-(2-nitrovinyl)benzene (I-86a: 800mg, 3.74mmol) in dry THF (1 OmL) was reacted with LAH (278mg, 7.48mmol) in dry THF (1 OmL) to afford 700mg of the product (100%).

1H NMR (CDCI3, 300 MHz): δ 7.28-7.26 (m, 1H), 6.76-6.73 (m, 2H), 3.89 (s, 3H), 2.99-2.94 (m, 2H), 2.75-2.70 (m, 2H). Preparation of Intermediate ethyl 4-chloro-3'methoxyphenethylcarbamate (I-86c):

(I-86c)

2-(4-Chloro-3-methoxyphenyl)ethanamine (I-86b: 700mg, 3.743mmoI) in chloroform (lOmL) was reacted with chloro ethyl formate (487mg, 4.49mmol) and 2N Na ₂ C03 solution (lOmL) at 0°C. The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (10% ethyl acetate in hexane) afforded 500mg of the product (51.8% yield).

1H NMR (CDCI3, 300 MHz): δ 7.29-7.26 (m, 1H), 6.75-6.71 (m, 2H), 4.7-4.6 (bs, 1H), 4.10-4.07 (m, 2H), 3.9 (s, 3H), 3.43-3.39 (m, 2H), 2.81-2.76 (m, 2H), 1.28- 1.20 (m, 2H).

Preparation of Intermediate 7-chloro-6-methoxy-3,4-dihydroisoqmnolin-l(2H)-one

(l-86d):

(I-86d)

Ethyl 4-chloro-3-methoxyphenethylcarbamate (I- 86c: 500mg, 1.7063mmol) in POCI3 (lOmL) was reacted with P2O5 (484mg, 3.41mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at 110°C for 1 hour to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (2% methanol in CHCI3) afforded 200mg of the product (55.5% yield).

Ή NMR (DMSO-De, 300 MHz): δ 7.9-7.8 (bs, 1H), 7.751 (s, 1H), 7.10 (s, 1H), 3.9 (s, 3H), 3.43-3.39 (m, 2H), 2.91-2.89 (m, 2H).

Preparation of 7-chloro-6-methoxy-2-(4-methylpyridin-3-yl)-3, 4-dihydroisoquinolin- lQW-one (86A):

7-Chloro-6-methoxy-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-l(2H)-one (I-86d: 200mg, 0.946mmol) was reacted with 3-iodo-4-methylpyridine (228.2mg, 1.042mmol), 1,4- dioxane (5mL), copper iodide (18mg, 0.094mmol), tmra-N,N'-dimethyl-cyclohexyl- 1,2-diamine (13.4mg, 0.095mmol) and potassium phosphate (603.3mg, 2.84mmol) for 48 hours at 120°C to afford the crude product. Purification by column

chromatography on silica gel (2% methanol in CHCI3) afforded 150 mg of the product (52.4% yield).

Ή NMR (DMSO-D _6, 300 MHz): δ 8.5-8.3 (d, 2H), 7.8 (s, 1H), 7.4 (d, 1H), 7.3 (s, 1H), 4.03-3.80 (m, 4H), 3.6-3.50 (m, 1H), 3.3-3.0 (m, 2H), 2.2 (s, 1H). LCMS: 98.37%, m/z = 303.2 (M+l). HPLC: 94.28%

Example 87 Prepartion of 7-chloro-6-hvdroxy-2-(4-methylpyridin-3-yl)-3.4-dihvdroisoqu inolin-

(87A)

BBr ₃ (4.4mL) was added to a stirred solution of 7-chloro-6-methoxy-2-(4- methylpyridin-3-yl)-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-l(2H)-one (86A: 450mg, 1.480mmol) in DCM (lOmL) at 0°C. The resulting mixture was stirred for 14 hours at room temperature. The reaction was monitored by TLC (5% methanol in CHCI3). The mixture was slowly quenched with ice water extracted with chloroform (2x50 mL). The organic layer was dried over Na ₂ S0 ₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (2% methanol in CHCI3), afforded 300mg of the product (70.4% yield).

1H NMR (DMSO-D6, 300 MHz): δ 11.3-11.1 (bs, IH), 8.93 (s, IH), 8.74-8.72 (d, IH), 7.96-7.94 (d, IH), 7.8 (s, IH), 6.94 (s, IH), 4.02-3.79 (m, 4H), 2.41 (s, 3H). LCMS: 98.68%, m/z = 289.0 (M+l).

Example 88

Preparation of7-chloro-2-(4-methylpyridin-3-yl)-l-oxo-1.2.3.4- tetrahydroisoquinoline-6-carbonitrile (88A ) :

(88A)

Preparation of Intermediate 7-chloro-2-(4-methylpyridin-3-yl)-l-oxo-l.2.3,4- tetrahvdroisoquinolin-6-yl trifluoromethanesulfonate (I-88a):

(I-88a)

HMDS (0.23mL (0.91 ),0.21mmol) was added to a solution of 7-chloro-6- hydroxy-2-(4-methylpyridin-3-yl)-3 ,4-dihydroisoquinolin- 1 (2H)-one (87A : 5 Omg, 0.1736mmol) in THF (5mL) at -78°C and stirred at -10°C for 20 minutes, then cooled to -78°C, followed by the addition of N-phenyl trifluoromethanesulfonamide

(68.2mg, 0.190mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 60 minutes. The reaction was monitored by TLC (5% methanol in CHC1 ₃ ). The reaction mixture was quenched with saturated NH4CI solution and partitioned between water and ethyl acetate. The organic layer was dried over Na ₂ S0 ₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (2% methanol in CHCI3) afforded 50mg of the product (70% yield).

1H NMR (CDCI3 _, 400 MHz): δ 8.6-8.4 (m, 2H), 8.31 (s, 1H), 7.32-7.27 (m, 2H), 4.22-4.0 (m, IH), 3.84-3.83 (m, lH), 3.24-3.22 (m, 2H), 2.91 (s, 3H).

Preparation of 7-chloro-2-(4-methylpyridin-3-yl)- 1 -oxo- 1.2.3, 4- tetrahvdroisoquinoline-6-carbonitrile (88A):

Pd ₂ (dba) ₃ (17.4mg, 0.018mmol), dppf (42.2mg, 0.076mmol) and Zn(CN) ₂

(65mg, 0.6mmol) were added to previously degassed 7-chloro-2-(4-methylpyridin-3- yl)-l-oxo-l,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-6-yl trifluoromethane sulfonate (I-87a:

200mg, 0.476mmol) in DMF (3mL). The resulting mixture was stirred for 18 hours at

80°C. The reaction was monitored by TLC (5% methanol in CHC1 ₃ ). The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, poured into saturated Na ₂ CC>3 solution and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was dried over Na ₂ S0 ₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (2% methanol in CHCI3), followed by preparative HPLC afforded 5 mg of the product (10.6% yield).

Ή NMR (CDCI3 _, 400 MHz): δ 8.6-8.4 (m, 2H), 8.31 (s, 1H), 7.8 (s, 1H), 7.3

(s, 1H), 4.1-4.0 (m, 1H), 3.84-3.73 (m, 1H), 3.24-3.21 (m, 2H), 2.29 (s, 3H). LCMS: 95.70%, m/z = 298 (M+l). HPLC: 97.73% 65965

Example 89

Prepartion of 7-chloro-2-(4-cvclopropylpyridin-3-yl)-6-methoxy-3, 4- dihvdroisoauinolin-1 (2H)-one (89 A):

(89A)

7-Chloro-6-methoxy-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-l(2H)-one (I-86d: lOOmg, 0.473mmol) was reacted with 4-cyclopropyl-3-iodopyridine (1-73 c: 127.6mg,

0.521mmol), 1,4-dioxane (5mL), copper iodide (9.3mg, 0.047mmol), trans-N,~N'- dimethyl-cyclohexyl- 1 ,2-diamine (6.7mg, 0.047mmol) and potassium phosphate (301.6mg, 1.421mmol) for 12 hours at 120°C to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (2% methanol in CHCI3), followed by preparative HPLC afford 35 mg of the product

HNMR (CDC1 _3, 400MHz): δ 8.5-8.4 (bs, 2H), 8.19 (s, 1H), 6.85-6.8 (d, 1H),

6.7 (s, 1H), 4.0 (s, 3H), 3.95-3.7 (m, 2H), 3.2-3.1 (m, 2H), 2.0-1.9 (m, 1H), 1.1-1.0 (m, 2H), 1.0-0.9 (m, 1H), 0.8-0.7 (m, 1H). LCMS: 100%, m/z = 329.1(M+1). HPLC: 99.0%

Example 90

Preparation of Intermediate 7~Moro-6-hvdroxy-2-(4-cvcloproOylpyridin-3-yl)-3, 4- dihvdroisoquinolin-U2H)-one

(90A)

7-Chloro-6-methoxy-2-(4-cyclopropylpyridin-3-yl)-3,4-dihydro isoquinolin- l(2H)-one (89A: 200mg, 0.6mmol) in DCM (5mL) was demethylated with BBr ₃ (1.8 mL) at 0°C for 2 hours to afford 180mg of the product (94.7% yield). Ή NMR (DMSO-D _6> 300 MHz): 6 1 1.1 (bs, 1H), 8.87 (s, 1H), 8.67-8.65 (d, 1H), 7.85-7.83 (m, 1H), 7.48-7.46 (d, 1H), 6.95 (s, 1H), 3.18-3.12 (m, 4H), 2.20-2.10 (m, 1H) 1.33-0.87 (m, 4H).

Example 91

Preparation of 7-chloro-2-(4-cvclopropylpyridin-3-yl)-l-oxo-l, 2.3, 4- tetrahydroisoquinoHne-6~carbonitrile (91 A):

(91A)

Preparation of Intermediate 7-chloro-2-(4-cvcloprovylpyridin-3-yl)-l-oxo-l, 2,3.4- tetrahvdroisoqumolin-6-yl trifluoromethanesulfonate (1-9 la):

(I-91a)

7-CUoro-6-hydroxy-2-(4-cyclopropylpyridin-3-yl)-3,4-dihydroi soquinolin- 1 (2H)-one (90A: 180mg, 0.57mmol) was reacted with KHMDS (0.71 mL, 0.71 mmol) in THF (lOmL) and N-phenyl trifluoromethanesulfonamide (226mg, 0.630mmol) to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (1% methanol in CHCI3) afforded 170mg of the product (66.6% yield).

1H NMR (CDCI3 _, 300 MHz): 58.50-8.40 (m, 2H), 8.35 (s, 1H), 7.35-7.30 (bs, 1H), 6.90-6.80 (d, 1H), 4.10-3.90 (m, 2H), 3.30-3.10 (m, 2H), 1.95-1.85 (m, 1H) 1.15- 0.95 (m, 2H), 0.85-0.75 (m, 2H). LCMS: 97.1 1%, m/z = 447 (M+l)

Preparation of 7-chloro-2-(4-cvclopropylpyridin-3-yl)-l -oxo-1.2, 3.4- tetrahvdroisoquinoline-6~carbonitrile (91 A):

7-Chloro-2-(4-cyclopropylpyridin-3-yl)- 1 -oxo- 1 ,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-

6-yl trifluoromethanesulfonate (1-91 a: 170mg, 0.381 mmol) in DMF (3mL) was reacted with Pd ₂ (dba) ₃ (6.97mg, 0.007mmol), dppf (16.9mg, 0.003mmol) and

Zn(CN) ₂ (26.8mg, 0.228mmol) for 24 hours at 80°C to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (2% methanol in CHCI3) followed by preparative HPLC afforded 30 mg of the product (24.3% yield).

Ή NMR (CDCI3 _, 400 MHz): δ 8.46-8.45 (d, 1H), 8.42 (s, 1H), 8.28 (s, 1H), 7.63 (s, 1H), 6.86-6.84 (d, 1H), 4.05-3.97 (m, 1H), 3.94-3.87 (m, 1H), 3.29-3.17 (m, 2H), 1.90-1.84 (m, 1H), 1.1-1.0 (m, 2H), 0.97-0.95 (m, 1H), 0.7-0.67 (m, 1H).

LCMS: 98.75%, m/z = 324.1(M+1). HPLC: 99.37%.

PHARMACOLOGICAL TESTING

The abbreviations listed below and used in the preparations below have the corresponding meanings.

CYP Cytochrome P450

CPM Counts per minute

Cyt b5 Cytochrome b5

DMSO Dimethyl sulfoxide

DHEA Dehydroepiandrosterone

NADPH Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate

Human and rat -Cytochrome P450, 17-20 lyase

1) Cytochrome P450, J 7-20 lyase (CYP17 -lyase) assay development usine recombinant human CYP 17 enzyme and 17-a-hvdroxy pregnenolone [21-3H] as the substrate.

Cytochrome P450, 17-ot-Hydroxylase, 17-20 lyase (CYP 17) is a multi functional enzyme that plays a key role in the biosynthesis of steroid hormones. It catalyses both conventional hydroxylation and also the carbon-carbon bond cleavage reactions (Peter Lee-Robichaud et al, Biochem , (1997) 321, 857-63). In the hydroxylation reaction, it converts progesterone and pregnenolone to the

corresponding hydroxylated products 17-ot-hydroxy progesterone and 17-a-hydroxy pregnenolone. In the lyase reaction, it catalyzes the conversion of these hydroxylated substrates to Androstenedione and Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) respectively. In the Cypl 7 lyase assay described here, the conversion of 17-a- hydroxy pregnenolone to Dehydroepiandrosterone and acetic acid is being monitored.

The hydroxylation and cleavage activities are catalyzed sequentially at the common active site of Cy l 7 and proceed through transfer of two electrons from NADPH via its redox partner, cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR). The reaction mechanism for each activity is thought to involve formation of distinct iron-oxygen complexes. CytochromebS selectively stimulates the lyase activity and has no significant effect on its hydroxylase activity. Lyase activity is stimulated by cytochrome b5 up to 10-fold in reconstituted assays with insignificant stimulation of the hydroxylase activity (MK Akthar et al, Journal of Endocrinology (2005) 187, 267- 274 and Katagiri M et al, Biophysical Research Communications (1982) 108, 379- 384).

Assay method was adopted from a published protocol with some

modifications to suit our requirements (Dmitry N Grigoryev et al, Analytical

Biochemistry, (1999) 267, 319-330). The conversion of 17-a-hydroxy pregnenolone to Dehydroepiandrosterone is accompanied by the release of acetic acid. In the Cypl7 lyase assay, 17-a-hydroxy pregnenolone labeled with tritium (3H) at position 21 is used as the substrate. Chloroform extraction removes the radioactive steroids and acetic acid is taken into aqueous layer. The tritiated acetic acid released in the assay thus extracted is quantified to determine the enzyme activity.

Initial buffer conditions were, 50 mM Phosphate buffer, pH 7.5 was used as the starting buffer for Cypl 7 lyase activity based on the data published in US patent publication No. US2004/0198773 Al. This buffer was found to be suitable for regular Cypl 7 lyase assay. Human Cyp 17 gene was cloned and expressed in

Adenoviral expression system in A549 cell lines. The purified cell membrane preparations were used as the source for Human CYP 17 enzyme. Total protein concentration: 8 mg/mL.

To identify the appropriate concentration of the enzyme required for the assay, concentration dependent enzyme activity was determined at a substrate (17-a- hydroxypregnenolone [21-3 H]) concentration of 0.5 μΜ (Vincent CO. Nijar, et al., J Med Chem, (1998) 41, 902-912). The protein activity was found to be in the linear range up to 20 μg, the highest concentration tested. Based on the enzyme

concentration curve and stock concentration, 15 g was selected for the assay. At this protein concentration, the S/N ratio was 30, with a good signal window (CPMp _os ctri - CPMeiank = 1650)

K _m (Michaelis Menton constant) is a measure of the binding affinity of substrate to the enzyme. 17-a-hydroxy pregnenolone [21 -3 H] is a substrate for 17, 20 lyase enzyme. K _m for this substrate was determined by monitoring the tritiated acetic acid release as a function of substrate concentration. Concentration of 17-a-hydroxy- pregnenolone [21-3H] was varied from 0.03125 μΜ to 1 μΜ. For the K _m

determination, the data was fit to a hyperbolic equation (Graphpad Prism® software IV). The K _m was estimated as 0.25 μΜ, close to the reported value. (Dmitry N.

Grigoryev et al, Analytical Biochemistry (1999) 267, 319-330)

For routine screening, the assay was set up with 16 μg of enzyme in 50 μί reaction volume. 17a- hydroxy pregnenolone [21-3H] was added to a final

concentration of 0.25 μΜ. NADPH is used at a final concentration of 4.2 mM. Total reaction volume was made up to 50 μΐ, with 50 mM Phosphate buffer pH 7.5. The reaction mixture was incubated at room temperature for 90 minutes with gentle shaking. The reaction was stopped by the addition of 100 μΐ, of buffer. 500 μί of 5% freshly prepared activated charcoal was added to the solution and mixed well by vortexing. The samples were centrifuged at 17568 x g for 5 minutes. (14000 rpm). The supernatant was carefully transferred to fresh tube and 1.3 mL of scintillation fluid was added, mixed by vortexing.

The radioactivity was measured in a 1450 MicroBeta TriLux™ scintillation counter from Wallac-Perkin Elmer®, USA. The measurements were carried out in 2.0 mL eppendorf™ tubes. Each tube was counted for 1 minute. The amount of tritiated acetic acid released is proportional to the lyase activity. Percent lyase activity in presence of inhibitor was calculated using the formula given below.

CPM sample - CPM blank

% Lyase activity = x 100

CPM Pos. Ctrl - CPM Blank

Sample: Enzyme reaction in presence of inhibitor.

Positive control: Enzyme reaction without inhibitor but containing DMSO at 1% final concentration.

Blank- Contains all reagents except enzyme.

% Inhibition = 100% - % Lyase activity

For IC50 determination, the % inhibition was plotted as a function of inhibitor concentration. The data was fitted to sigmoidal equation using Graphpad Prism® software IV to generate IC50 values.

Dose-response studies by standard compounds Abiraterone and Ketoconazole were carried out as part of assay optimization.

For the rat CYP 17 lyase model : The same procedure described above was used but using rat testes microsomes as the source and with a substrate concentration of 0.5 μΜ.

The results for the compounds tested from the Examples above using the assay above are listed in Table 1 below.

Table 1

Lyase IC 50 hCYP17

Example

Compound DM Lyase No.

Human %Inb

5-Methoxy-2-(4-methyl-pyridin-

13A 3-yl)-3,4-dihydro-2H- 917 ~

isoquinolin-l-one

2-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-5-(4- methyl-pyridin-3 -yl)-6,7-

14A 755 —

dihydro-5 H-thieno[3 ,2- c]pyridin-4-one

3-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-5-(4- methyl-pyridin-3-yl)-6,7- 35% at 10

15A —

dihydro-5H-thieno[3,2- μΜ c]pyridin-4-one

2-Pyridin-3-yl-7-trifluoromethyl-

16A 3 ,4-dihydro-2H-isoquinolin- 1 - 175 —

one

2-(4-Methyl-pyridin-3-yl)-6-

17A trifluoromethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H- 95

isoquinolin-l-one

2-(5-Fluoro-pyridin-3-yl)-7-

18A trifluoromethyl-3 ,4-dihydro-2H- 334 —

isoquinolin-l-one

7-Trifluoromethyl-3 ,4-dihydro-

19A 44 —

[2,4']biisoquinolinyl-l-one

4,4-Dimethyl-2-(4-methyl- pyridin-3 -yl)- 7-trifluoromethyl-

20A 369 —

3,4-dihydro-2H-isoquinolin-l - one

7-Trifluoromethyl-2-(4- trifluoromethyl-pyridin-3 -y 1)-

21A 56 —

3,4-dihydro-2H-isoquinolin- 1 - one

2-(4-Methyl-pyridin-3-yl)-5-

42% at 10

22A trifluoromethyl-3 ,4-dihydro-2H- μΜ isoquinolin-l-one

2-(4-Methyl-pyridin-3 -yl)-3 ,4-

23A 227 —

dihydro-2H-isoquinolin-l -one

Cyclopropanecarboxylic acid [2- (4-methyl-pyridin-3-yl)- 1 -oxo- 53% at 10

24A —

1 ,2-dihydro-isoquinolin-7-yl]- μΜ amide

Cyclopropanecarboxylic acid [2- (4-methyl-pyridin-3-yl)- 1 -oxo- 35% at 10

25A ~

1 ,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinolin-7- μΜ yl]-amide

7-Methoxy-2-(4-methyl-pyridin-

26A 3-yl)-3,4-dihydro-2H- 17 —

isoquinolin-l-one

dihydroisoquinolin- 1 (2H)-one Lyase IC 50 HCYP17

Example

Compound nM Lyase No.

Human %Inh

6,7-dichloro-2-(4-methylpyridin-

10% at 10

41A 3-yl)-3 ,4-dihydroisoquinolin- ~

μΜ l(2H)-one

9-ethyl-3-methyl-2-(pyridin-3-

42A yl)-2,3 ,4,9-tetrahydro- 1 H- 55 —

pyrido [3 ,4-b] indol- 1 -one

3 -methyl-2 -(pyridin-3-yl)-7-

43A (trifluoromethyl)-3 ,4- 15 —

dihydroisoquinolin- 1 (2H)-one

5-fluoro-8-methoxy-2-(4-

8% at 10

44A methylpyridin-3-yl)-3,4- —

μΜ dihydroisoquinolin- 1 (2H)-one

6-Fluoro-2-(4-methyl-pyridin-3- yl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-

45A 211 —

benzo[4,5]thieno[2,3-c]pyridin- 1-one

9-Ethyl-3 -methyl-2-(4-methyl-

46A pyridin-3-yl)-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro- 44 ~

b-carbolin-l-one

8-Fluoro-2-(4-methyl-pyridin-3-

47A yl)-7-trifluoromethyl-3 ,4- 12 ~

dihydro-2H-isoquinolin- 1 -one

3-Methyl-2-(4-methyl-pyridin-3-

48A yl)-7-trifluoromethyl-3,4- 16 —

dihydro-2H-isoquinolin- 1 -one

6,7-Difluoro-2-(4-methyl

pyridin-3-yl)-3,4-

49A 159 ~

dihydroisoquinolin- 1 (2H)-one

8-Fluoro-2-(4-methylpyridine-3- yl)3,4-dihydro-2H-

50A benzo[4,5]thieno[3,2-c]pyridin- 6 ~

1-one

2-(4-Methylpyridin-3-yl)-7- (trifluoromethoxy)-3 ,4-

51A 22 —

dihydroisoquinolin- 1 (2H)-one

2-(4-(PyiTolidin- 1 -ylmethyl)

pyridin-3-yl)-7-

52A 556 ~

(trifluoromethyl)-3 ,4- dihydroisoquinolin- 1 (2H)-one Lyase IC 50 hCYP17

Example

Compound nM Lyase No.

Human %Tnh

2-(4-((Cyclopropylamino)

methyl)pyridin-3 -yl)-7-

53A 50

(trifluoromethyl)-3 ,4- - dihydroisoquinolin- 1 (2H)-one

2-(l-Methyl-lH-imidazol-5-yl)- 7-(trifluoromethyl)- 3 ,4-

54A 19 —

dihydroisoquinolin- 1 (2H)-one

6,7-Dichloro-2-(4- (trifluoromethyl)pyridin- 3 -y 1)-

55A 3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-l (2H)- 125 —

one

2-(5-Fluoropyridin-3-yl)-6- (trifluoromethyl)-3 ,4-

56A 1 1 11

dihydroisoquinolin-1 (2H)-one

8-Fluoro-2-(4- trifluoromethylpyridine-3-yl)3,4- dihydro-2H-

57A 548 ~

benzo[4,5]thieno [3 ,2-c]pyridin- 1-one

2-(4-Trifluoromethylpyridine-3 - yl)3,4-dihydro-2H-

58A benzo [4, 5] thieno[3 ,2-c]pyridin- 218 —

1-one

5-Ethyl-8-fluoro-2-(4-methyl

pyridin-3-yl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-

59A 29 ~

1 H-pyrido [4, 3 -b] indol- 1 -one

8-Fluoro-2-(4-methylpyridin-3- yl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro- 1 H-

60A 9 —

pyrido[4,3-b]indol- 1 -one

2-(4-Methylpyridin-3-yl)- 2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-lH-

61A 1507 —

pyrido[3 ,4-b] indol- 1 -one

2-(4-Methyl pyridin-3-yI)-2,5- dihydro- 1 H-pyrido [4,3 -b] indol-

62A 17 —

1-one

dihydroisoquinoin- 1 (2H)-one

dihydroisoquinolin- 1 (2H)-one