MAGNETIC OVERLAYS FOR MODULAR ASSEMBLIES

FIELD

[0001] The present disclosure relates to modular spaces, modular wall assemblies, and modular components for adapting and customizing the modular spaces and wall assemblies.

BACKGROUND

[0002] Modular assemblies may be assembled and disassembled for use as temporary, semi-permanent, and/or permanent spaces, dividing walls, and other modular assemblies, for example. Such modular assemblies may be difficult to assembly and/or disassemble. Moreover, they may not lend themselves to significant customization regarding different configurations, functionalities, and/or aesthetics.

SUMMARY

[0003] In various aspects, a modular wall assembly can include a framework comprising a rectangular frame, wherein the rectangular frame comprises an inner perimeter and a plurality of grooves along the inner perimeter. The modular wail assembly can further include a panel assembly comprising a base panel, a first layer comprising a first array of permanent magnets, and a second layer comprising a second array of permanent magnets. The base panel can comprise an outer perimeter, and a rim extending around at least a portion of the outer perimeter, wherein the rim is configured to fit into the grooves to secure the base panel to the rectangular frame. The orientation of magnetic poles in the first array of permanent magnets and the second array of permanent magnets can be configured to draw the first layer and the second layer together and into alignment on opposite sides of the base panel.

[0004] A kit for assembling a modular wall can include a first frame member comprising a first groove, a second frame member comprising a second groove, a third frame member comprising a third groove, a fourth frame member comprising a fourth groove, and plurality of locks configured to releasably lock the first frame member, the second frame member, the third frame member, and the fourth frame member to form a rectangular frame. The kit can also include a base panel comprising an outer perimeter and a rim extending around at least a portion of the outer perimeter, wherein the rim is dimensioned to slide into the first groove, the second groove, the third groove, and the fourth groove to securely seat the base panel in the rectangular frame. The kit can also include a first overlay comprising a first array of permanent magnets and a second overlay comprising a second array of permanent magnets complementary to the first array of permanent magnets such that positive poles of the first array of permanent magnets are aligned with negative poles of the second array of permanent magnets when the first overlay and the second overlay are magnetically-attached to the base panel.

[0005] A panel assembly for a wall frame can include a base panel secured to the wall frame, a first overlay comprising a first array of permanent magnets oriented in a first checkerboard arrangement of alternating positive and negative polarities, and a second overlay comprising a second array of permanent magnets oriented in a second checkerboard arrangement of alternating positive and negative polarities, wherein the first checkerboard arrangement and the second checkerboard arrangement are configured to draw the first overlay and the second overlay toward the base panel and into alignment on opposite sides of the base panel.

FIGURES

[0006] Features of various aspects are set forth with particularity in the appended claims. The described aspects, however, both as to organization and methods of operation, may be best understood by reference to the following description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0007] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of modular components arranged to form wall segments and a modular space, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0008] FIG. 2 is a perspective view of various modular spaces formed from various modular components of FIG. 1 arranged in different configurations, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0009] FIGS. 3-6 depict an assembly series for certain modular components of FIG. 1 , in which FIG. 3 depicts a lock being aligned with an opening in a first frame member, FIG. 4 depicts the lock being installed in the first frame member, FIG. 5 depicts the lock fully installed in the first frame member, and FIG. 6 depicts the lock in the first frame member being secured to a second frame member oriented orthogonally with respect to the first frame member, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0010] FIGS. 7 A and 7B depict the lock of FIGS. 3-6 being moved from an unlocked configuration (FIG. 7A) to an actuated, locked configuration (FIG. 7B), in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0011] FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a portion of a corner of the modular space of FIG. 1 in which a comer frame member has been removed to expose internal features of the corner, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0012] FIG. 9 is an elevation view of a modular wall assembly, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. [0013] FIG. 10 is a perspective view of the modular wall assembly of FIG. 9, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0014] FIG. 11 is an exploded, perspective view of frame members forming a framework for the modular wall assembly of FIGS. 9 and 10, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure,

[0015] FIGS. 12-14 depict an assembly series for the modular wall assembly of FIGS. 9- 11 , in which FIG. 12 depicts a pair of base panels installed in a portion of the framework of FIG. 11 , FIG. 13 depicts a pair of horizontal frame components assembled to the framework of FIG. 12 and a pair of base panels installed in the framework, and FIG. 14 depicts another pair of horizontal frame components assembled to the framework of FIG. 13 and another pair of base panels installed in the framework, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0016] FIG. 15 is an elevation view of a modular wall assembly, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0017] FIG. 16 is a perspective view of the modular wall assembly of FIG. 15, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0018] FIG. 17 is a perspective, exploded view of frame members forming a framework for the modular wall assembly of FIGS. 15 and 16, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0018] FIGS. 18 and 19 depict an assembly series for the modular wall assembly of FIGS. 15-17, in which FIG. 18 depicts a pair of base panels installed in a portion of the framework of FIG. 17, and FIG. 19 depicts a pair of horizontal frame components assembled to the framework of FIG. 18 and a pair of base panels installed in the framework, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0020] FIGS. 20A-20C depict different arrangements of three panel assemblies for forming a modular wall assembly, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0021] FIGS. 21 A-21 C depict different arrangements of four panel assemblies for forming a modular wall assembly, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0022] FIG. 22 depicts an exemplary arrangement of five panel assemblies for forming a modular wall assembly, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0023] FIG. 23 depicts an exemplary arrangement of six panel assemblies for forming a modular wall assembly, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0024] FIG. 24 is an elevation view of an overlay layer, a spacer layer, and a magnetic array for a panel assembly, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. [0025] FIG. 25 is an elevation view of a panel assembly including the overlay layer, the spacer layer, and the magnetic array of FIG. 24, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. [0026] FIG. 26 is an exploded view of panel assemblies for modular wall segments of FIG.

14, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure,

[0027] FIG. 27 is an exploded view of panel assemblies for modular wall segments of FIG. 19, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure,

[0028] FIG. 28 is a plan view of the modular space of FIG. 1 , in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0029] FIG. 28A is a detail view of a sliding door in the modular space of FIG. 28, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0030] FIG. 28B is a further detail view of a portion of the sliding door of FIG. 28A, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0031] FIG. 29 is a perspective view of a portion of the sliding door in the modular space of FIG. 1 , in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0032] FIG. 30 is a perspective view of modular wall segments forming a wall assembly including a doorway and a sliding door movable along a mounting bar, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0033] FIG. 31 is a detail view of an upper portion of the sliding door positioned along a portion of the wail assembly of FIG. 30 and with the mounting bar transparent to expose the rollers of the sliding door, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0034] FIG. 32 is a cross-sectional view of the upper portion of the sliding door and the portion of the wall assembly of FIG. 30 taken along the plane indicated in FIG. 30, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0035] Corresponding reference characters indicate corresponding parts throughout the several views. The exemplifications set out herein illustrate various aspects of the disclosure, in one form, and such exemplifications are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the disclosure In any manner.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] U.S. Design Patent Application No. 29/763,313, titled MODULAR WALL ASSEMBLY, filed on even date herewith, is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.

[0037] U.S. Design Patent Application No. 29/763,320, titled MODULAR WALL ASSEMBLY WITH OVERLAY, filed on even date herewith, is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.

[0038] Before explaining various aspects of wall systems, modular wall assemblies, and modular components thereof in detail, it should be noted that the illustrative examples are not limited in application or use to the details of construction and arrangement of parts illustrated in the accompanying drawings and description. The illustrative examples may be implemented or incorporated in other aspects, variations, and modifications, and may be practiced or carried out in various ways. Further, unless otherwise indicated, the terms and expressions employed herein have been chosen for the purpose of describing the illustrative examples for the convenience of the reader and are not for the purpose of limitation thereof. Also, it will be appreciated that one or more of the following-described aspects, expressions of aspects, and/or examples, can be combined with any one or more of the other following- described aspects, expressions of aspects, and/or examples.

[0039] A modular assembly 100, which may be referred to as modular space in certain instances, formed from wall segments 102 and modular components thereof is shown in FIG. 1. The modular space 100 can be easily assembled and disassembled. The wall segments 102 are formed from a framework 110 and panel assemblies 104 mounted in the framework 110. The wall segments 102 are configurable in different configurations to form different modular spaces, for example. As further described herein, the modular components can be rearranged to form different frameworks and, thus different wall segments. Moreover, the panel assemblies 104 can include interchangeable, modular overlay layers for further customizing and/or modifying the wall segments 102, as further described herein.

[0040] Referring to FIG. 2, different modular assemblies 100, 100’, 100”, 100’”, and 100”” are shown. The different modular assemblies 100, 100’, 100”, 100”’, and 100”” are formed from the panel assembles 104 forming various wall segments 102 arranged in a variety of configurations. The modular assemblies 100, 100’, 100”, 100”’, and 100”” are non-limiting examples of possible configurations for the wall segments and panel assemblies.

[0041] Referring again to FIG. 1 , each wall segment 102 includes the framework 110 formed with frame members 112, 114, and 116. In various instances, the framework 110 can include horizontal frame members 112 and vertical frame members 114 and/or 116. in certain instances, the frame members are referred to herein as “horizontal” or “vertical” owing to their orientation in a modular assembly (e.g. the modular assembly 100), a wall assembly (e.g. the wall assembly 101) and/or a wall segment (e.g. the wall segment 102). However, the horizontal and vertical frame members can be interchangeable in various instances. For example, certain horizontal frame members 112 can be oriented vertically in alternative configurations of the modular spaces and/or certain vertical frame members 114, 116 can be oriented horizontally in alternative configurations of the modular spaces.

[0042] The vertical frame members 116 are corner frame members, and the vertical frame members 114 are non-comer frame members. The various frame members described herein (e.g. the frame members 112, 114, and 116) can be extrusions. For example, the frame members can comprise lightweight extrusions, which can be formed from one or more metallic materials. In various instances, the extrusions can be comprised of a non-ferrous material, such as aluminum and/or lead, for example, in certain instances, the extrusions can be comprised of a plastic material. In various instances, the frame members can be non-ferrous to avoid interfering with magnetic overlay panels, which are further described herein.

[0043] Ceiling braces 118 extend between horizontal frame members 112 at the top or upper edge of the wall segment 102, which can further stabilize the modular assembly 100, The ceiling braces 118 are obliquely-oriented relative to the horizontal frame members 114 and extend between sides and wall assemblies, for example (FIG. 28). In other instances, the ceiling braces 118 can be oriented as a grid (i.e. perpendicular and/or parallel to the horizontal frame members 114) and/or the modular assembly 100 may not include ceiling braces 118 depending on the size, position, and stability of the modular assembly 100. In certain instances, a ceiling lattice can form a roof to the space.

[0044] Each wall segment 102 includes panel assemblies 104. The panel assemblies 104 can include modular and interchangeable components in certain instances. For example, different overlay panels can be releasably secured to a base panel of each panel assembly 104, as further described herein. In various instances, interchangeable components on the panel assemblies 104 can be exchanged without modifying or otherwise affecting the framework 110. The panel assemblies 104 and interchangeable panel components thereof, the modular components of the framework 110, and the modularity of the assembled wall segments 102 can allow for construction and reconstruction of a myriad of different structures, including dividing walls, enclosed spaces, partially-enclosed spaces, and workspaces, for example.

[0045] Referring primarily to FIGS. 3-7B, the horizontal frame members 112 are secured to the vertical frame members 114 and/or 116 with connectors 130 to form the framework 110. In various instances, the connectors 130 are tension lock connectors, and may be similar to the tension lock connectors utilized by OCTANORM®-Vertriebs-GmbH of Filderstadt Germany, for example. Example tension lock connectors and frameworks assembled with such connectors are described in U.S. Patent No. 4,345,849, titled FRAMEWORK OF RELEASABLY-CONNECTABLE BARS, issued August 24, 1982, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.

[0046] The frame members 112, 114, and 116 include a first end 122, a second end 124, a face 126, and a groove 128 extending along at least one lateral side. In various instances, a pair of grooves 128 can extend along opposing lateral sides of each frame member 112, 114, 116. The grooves 128 extend from the first end 122 to the second end 124 of each frame member 112, 114, 116. The frame members 112, 114, 116 also include a cavity 120 (FIG. 3) dimensioned to receive the connector 130. The cavity 120 is a centrally-disposed longitudinal opening that extends from the first end 122 to the second end 124 of the frame member 112, 114, 116. In other instances, the frame member 112, 114, 116 can include two discrete cavities 120 at opposing first and second ends 122, 124. A through-hole 127 (FIGS. 3 and 4) in the face 126 extends into the cavity 120, as further described herein. [0047] The connectors 130 are installed in the cavities 120, as shown in FIGS. 3-5. Specifically, the connectors 130 include a body portion 132, which is inserted into the cavity 120, and an actuatable tongue 134 that extends outwardly from the cavity 120. The actuatable tongue 134 includes multiple hooks 136, which, when actuated, are configured to move outwardly from a centerline. Each connector 130 also includes an actuator 138 on the body portion 132, which is configured to selectively actuate the tongue 134. The actuator 138 can be accessible to a user, such that the actuatabie tongue 134 can be easily actuated to assemble and disassembly the framework 110. In various instances, the actuator 138 is accessible by the through-hole 127. Moreover, the actuator 138 includes a spring-loaded detent feature, which springs, or “pops”, through the through-hole 127 upon being fully seated in the cavity 120. The spring-loaded detent feature is configured to hold the connector 130 in place in the cavity 120.

[0048] Referring primarily to FIG. 3, the body portion 132 of the connector 130 is aligned with the cavity 120 at the first end 122 of the horizontal frame member 112. As shown in FIG. 4, the actuator 138 is compressed relative to the body portion 132, which allows the body portion 132 to slide into the cavity 120. As the body portion 132 moves into the cavity 120, the actuator 138 moves into alignment with the through-hole 127, which allows the actuator 138 to spring or pop into the through-hole 127 (FIG. 5). When the actuator 138 extends into the through-hole 127, the connector 130 is locked in the cavity 120. A spring or biasing element in the body portion 132 is configured to bias the actuator 138 outwardly from the body portion 132 into the through-hole 127. Stated differently, the connector 130 is secured in the horizontal frame member 112 by the spring-loaded detent of the actuator 138 extending into the through-hole 127 in the face 126 of the horizontal frame member 112. [0049] Referring now to FIG. 6, a vertical frame member 114 is secured to the horizontal frame member 112. The vertical frame member 114 is orthogonally-oriented relative to the horizontal frame member 112 such that the groove 128 along the lateral side of the vertical frame member 114 is aligned with the tongue 134 protruding from the first end 122 of the horizontal frame member 112, The groove 128 is adapted to receive a portion of the connector 130 protruding from an adjacent horizontal frame member 112. For example, the actuatable tongue 134 extending from the horizontal frame member 112 can slide into the groove 128 in the vertical frame member 114. Upon actuating the connector 130, the hooks 136 on the tongue 134 move outwardly such that they hook onto or engage an internal surface in the frame member 114. The hooks 136 can hook around a rail or sidewall on either side of groove 128, for example. A tool T, such as a star wrench, hex wrench, or screw driver, for example, is configured to access and actuate the actuator 138. For example, rotation of the actuator 138, as shown in FiGS. 7A and 7B, is configured to actuate the tongue 134 to separate the hooks 136. The actuator 138 can be rotated with the tooi T without compressing the actuator 138 into the body portion 132 of the connector 130, [0080] in various instances, the modular assemblies 100 can include the vertical corner frame member 116, which is configured to support orthogonally-oriented wall segments 102. Referring to FIG. 8, a portion of a corner of the moduiar assembly 100 is shown and the corner frame member 116 and connectors 130 engaged therewith are removed to expose various internal features in the horizontal frame members 112. For example, each panel assembly 104 includes a base panel 140 having ridges 142. The ridges 142 extends around the perimeter of each base panel 140. The ridges 142 are seated in the grooves 128 of the adjacent frame member 112, 116. In various instances, upon forming three sides of the panel assembly 104 with frame members 112, 114, and/or 116, the base panel 140 can be slid into the framework 110 from the open side and the ridges 142 can extend into the grooves 128 on the three-sides of the framework 110. Thereafter, the fourth/final side can be assembled with a final frame member 112, 114, and/or 116 to fully enclose the perimeter of the base panel 140 such that the ridges 142 are held in the grooves 128 around all four sides of the panel assembly 104.

[0051] Referring now to FIGS. 9 and 10, a modular wall assembly 101 includes wall segments 102a and 102b. The wall segments 102a and 102b share a common vertical noncorner frame member 114 and each have a corner frame member 116a and 116b, respectively, as well. In certain instances, the corner frame members 116a and/or 116b can be replaced with a non-corner frame members 114 to further extend the modular wall assembly 101. Three adjustable feet 108 support the vertical frame members 114a, 114b, and 116.

[0052] The wall segments 102a, 102b each include four horizontal frame member 112a, 112b, 112c, 112d and 112e, 112f , 112g, 112h, respectively. FIG. 11 depicts the framework 110 formed with the vertical frame members 114, 116a, 116b and the horizontal frame members 112a, 112b, 112c, 112d, 112e, 112f, 112g, 112h, which support the wall segments 102a and 102b.

[0053] The wall segments 102a and 102b each include three panel assemblies 104a, 104b, 104c and 104d, 104e, 104f, respectively. Each panel assembly 104a, 104b, 104c, 104d, 104e, and 104f includes a base panel 140a, 140b, 140c, 140d, 140e, and 140f, respectively, and, in certain instances, additional overlay panels. The panel assemblies 104d, 104e, and 104f include overlay panels, which are further described herein. The reader will appreciate that the overlay panels can be removed from the panel assemblies 104d, 104e, and 104f and, in certain instances, replaced with different overlay panels without deconstructing or otherwise modifying the framework 110 forming the wall segment 102b. Similarly, overlay panels can be added to the panel assemblies 104a, 104b, and 104c without deconstructing or otherwise modifying the framework 110 form the wall segment 102a.

[0054] The overlay panels in the panel assemblies 104d, 104e, and 104f can be different or the same. For example, the overlay panels can include different outer surfaces such that the surface of the wall segment 102b changes across the panel assemblies 104d, 104e, 104f. For example, the outer surfaces can be different materials, different fabrics, wall covering, photographs, and/or include different features such as a dry-erase board, chalkboard, etc. In other instances, the outer surfaces can be the same and may form a cohesive and unitary surface spanning the wall segment 102b.

[0055] FIGS. 12-14 depict an assembly series for the modular wall assembly of FIGS. 9- 11 . FIG. 12 depicts a portion of the framework 110, which includes the vertical frame members 114, 116a, and 116b supported on the feet 108 and a pair of bottommost horizontal frame members 112a and 112e. A pair of base panels 140a and 140e are installed in the portion of the framework 110 in FIG. 12. The horizontal frame member 112a extends between the vertical frame members 116a and 114, and the horizontal frame member 112e extends between the vertical frame members 116b and 114. The frame members 112a, 112b, 114, 116a, and 116b are locked together with connectors, such as the connectors 130, further described herein. The base panels 140a and 140d slide into the bottommost position in the wall segments 102a and 102b, respectively, from the open top of the wall segments 102a, 102b.

[0056] FIG. 13 depicts a pair of intermediate horizontal frame members 112b and 112f assembled to the framework 110. The horizontal frame member 112b extends between the vertical frame members 116a and 114, and the horizontal frame member 112f extends between the vertical frame members 116b and 114. The frame members 112a, 112b, 112e, 112f, 114, 116a, and 116b are locked together with connectors, such as the connectors 130, further described herein. The base panels 140b and 140e slide into the intermediate position in the wall segments 102a and 102b, respectively, from the open top of the wall segments 102a, 1 Q2b.

[0057] FIG. 14 depicts another pair of horizontal frame members 112c and 112g assembled to the framework 110. The horizontal frame member 112c extends between the vertical frame members 116a and 114, and the horizontal frame member 112g extends between the vertical frame members 116b and 114. The frame members 112a, 112b, 112c, 112e, 112f, 112g, 114, 116a, and 116b are locked together with connectors, such as the connectors 130, further described herein. The base panels 140c and 140f slide into the topmost position in the wall segments 102a and 102b, respectively, from the open top of the wall segments 102a, 102b. [0058] To complete the framework 110, the topmost horizontal frame members 112d and 112h (FIGS. 9-11), can be locked to the vertical frame members 114, 116a, 116b with connectors, such as the connectors 130, further described herein. In various instances, the framework 110 can be assembled in an upright or vertical orientation, as shown in FIGS. 12- 14. In other instances, the framework 110 can be assembled laying down or in a horizontal orientation, such as prone on a floor or other surface. In such instances, the wall segments 102a, 102b can be raised to the upright orientation after being assembled.

[0059] Upon completing the wall segments 102a, 102b additional wall segments can be added to the structure. Additionally or alternatively, interchangeable overlay panels can be added to the panel assemblies 104. For example, the overlay panels can sandwich one or more of the base panels 140a, 140b, 140c, 140d, 140e, 140f therebetween, as further described herein.

[0060] Referring now to FIGS. 15 and 16, a modular wall assembly 201 includes modular wall segments 202a and 202b. The modular wall segments 202a and 202b share a common vertical non-corner frame member 114 and each have a corner frame member 116a and 116b, respectively, as well. In certain instances, the corner frame members 116a and/or 116b can be replaced with a non-corner frame member 114 to further extend the modular wall assembly 201 . Three adjustable feet 108 support the vertical frame members 114a, 114b, and 116.

[0061] The wall segments 202a, 202b each include three horizontal frame member 112a, 112b, 112c and 112d, 112e, 112f, respectively. FIG. 17 depicts the framework 210 formed with the vertical frame members 114, 116a, 116b and the horizontal frame members 112a, 112b, 112c, 112d, 112e, 112f, which form the wall segments 202a and 202b. Each wall segment 202a and 202b also include a full-length vertical frame member 215a, 215b and a truncated vertical frame member 217a, 217b. In various instances, the term “full-length" can correspond to the length of the panel assembly 104, and the term “truncated” can correspond to the width of the panel assembly 104. FIG. 17 depicts the framework 210 formed with the vertical frame members 114, 116a, 116b, the full-length vertical frame members 215a, 215b, the truncated vertical frame members 217a, 217b, and the horizontal frame members 112a, 112b, 112c, 112d, 112e, 112f, which form the wall segments 202a and 202b.

[0062] The full-length vertical frame members 215a, 215b are identical to the horizontal frame members 112a, 112b, 112c, 112d, 112e, and 112f, in various instances. For example, the full-length vertical frame members 215a, 215b can be interchangeable with the horizontal frame members 112a, 112b, 112c, 112d, 112e, and 112f in the framework 210 when oriented horizontally. The truncated vertical frame members 217a, 217b are a shorter-length frame member, but can otherwise be identical to the horizontal frame members 112a, 112b, 112c, 112d, 112e, and 112f in various instances. The truncated vertical frame members 217a, 217b are approximately half as long as the full-length vertical frame members 215a, 215b. As further described herein, the frame members 112a, 112b, 112c, 112d, 112e, 112f, 215a, and 215b and the truncated frame members 217a, 217b are configured to form compatible wall segments such that the wali segments 102a and 1Q2b (FIGS. 9 and 10) and the wall segments 202a and 202b (FIGS. 15 and 16) are the same height and can be combined and/or exchanged, as further described herein.

[0063] in various instances, the panel assemblies 104 can be approximately 30in by 60in, for example, and the panel assemblies 204 can be approximately 30in by 30in, for example, in other instances, the framed openings in the framework for receiving the panel assemblies 104 can be approximately 30in by 60in, for example, and the framed openings in the framework for receiving the panel assemblies 204 can be approximately 30m by 30in, for example, in certain instances, the panel assemblies 104 can be approximately 27in by 54in, and the panel assemblies 204 can be approximately 27in by 27in. In other instances, the framed openings in the framework for receiving the panel assemblies 104 can be approximately 27in by 54in, for example, and the framed openings in the framework for receiving the panel assemblies 204 can be approximately 27in by 27in, for example.

[00S4] The wall segments 202a and 202b each include two panel assemblies 104a, 104b and 104c, 104d, respectively, and two truncated panel assemblies 204a, 204b and 204c, 204d, respectively. Each panel assembly 104a, 104b, 104c, 104d, 204a, 204b, 204c, and 204d includes a base panel 140a, 140b, 140c, 140d, 240a, 240b, 240c, and 240d, respectively, and, in certain instances, additional overlay panels. The panel assemblies 104c, 104d, 204c, and 204d include overlay panels, which are further described herein. The reader will appreciate that the overlay panels can be removed from the panel assemblies 104c, 104d, 204c, and 204d and, in certain instances, replaced with different overlay panels without deconstructing or otherwise modifying the framework 210 forming the wall assembly 202b. Similarly, overlay panels can be added to the panel assemblies 104a, 104b, 204a, and 204b without deconstructing or otherwise modifying the framework 210 forming the wall assembly 202a.

[0065] The truncated panel assemblies 204a, 204b, 204c, and 204d are interchangeable with the panel assemblies 104a, 104b, 104c, and 104d. For example, two truncated panel assemblies 204 can be combined with a truncated frame member 217 to fill a space or gap in the framework 210 occupied by one panel assembly 104.

[0066] FIGS. 18 and 19 depict an assembly series for the modular wall assembly 201 of FIGS. 15 and 16. FIG. 18 depicts a portion of the framework 210, which includes the vertical frame members 114, 116a, and 116b supported on the feet 108, a pair of bottommost horizontal frame members 112a and 112d, and a pair of full-length vertical frame members 215a and 215b. The full-Sength vertical frame member 215a is secured to the horizontal frame member 112a equidistance between the first vertical corner frame member 116a and the vertical non-corner frame member 114. The full-length vertical frame member 215b is secured to the horizontal frame member 112d equidistance between the vertical non-corner frame member 114 and the second vertical corner frame member 116b.

[0067] Four base panels 140a, 140b, 140c and 140d are installed in the portion of the framework 210 in FIG. 18. The horizontal frame member 112a extends between the vertical frame members 116a and 114, and the horizontal frame member 112d extends between the vertical frame members 116b and 114. The frame members 112a, 112d, 114, 116a, 116b, 215a, and 215b are locked together with connectors, such as the connectors 130, further described herein. The base panels 140a, 140b, 140c, and 140d slide into the bottommost position in the wall segments 202a and 202b, respectively, from the open top of the wall segments 202a, 202b.

[0068] FIG. 19 depicts a pair of intermediate horizontal frame members 112b and 112e and a pair of truncated vertical frame members 217a and 217b assembled to the framework 110. The horizontal frame member 112b extends between the vertical frame members 116a and 114, and the horizontal frame member 112e extends between the vertical frame members 116b and 114. The truncated vertical frame member 217a is secured to the horizontal frame member 112b equidistance between the first vertical corner frame member 116a and the vertical non-corner frame member 114. The truncated vertical frame member 217b is secured to the horizontal frame member 112d equidistance between the vertical non-corner frame member 114 and the second vertical corner frame member 116b. The frame members 112a, 112b, 112d, 112e, 114, 116a, 116b, 215a, 215b, 217a, and 217b are locked together with connectors, such as the connectors 130, further described herein. The truncated base panels 240a and 240b slide into the upper or topmost position in the wall segment 202a, and the truncated base panels 240c and 240 slide into the upper or topmost position of the wall segment 202b from the open top of the wall segments 202a, 202b, respectively.

[0069] To complete the framework 210, the topmost horizontal frame members 112c and 112f (FIGS. 15-17) can be locked to the vertical frame members 114, 116a, 116b with connectors, such as the connectors 130, further described herein. In various instances, the framework 210 can be assembled in an upright or vertical orientation, as shown in FIGS. 18 and 19. In other instances, the framework 210 can be assembled laying down or in a horizontal orientation, such as prone on a floor or other surface. In such instances, the wall segments 202a, 202b can be raised to the upright orientation after being assembled.

[0070] Upon completing the wall segments 202a, 202b additional wall segments can be added to the structure. For example, the wall segments 102a, 102b (FIGS. 9 and 10) can be added to the structure. Additionally or alternatively, interchangeable overlay panels can be added to the panel assemblies 204. For example, the overlay panels can sandwich one or more of the base panels 140a, 140b, 140c, 140d, 240a, 240b, 240c, and 240d therebetween, as further described herein.

[0071] Referring now to FIGS. 20A-23, different panel arrangements are depicted. The panel arrangements are exemplary and depict different ways the panel assemblies 140 and the truncated panel assemblies 240 can be arranged to form a wall segment similar to the wall segments 102 and 202, for example. Panel arrangements 300, 300’, and 300” in FIGS. 20A-20C include three panel assemblies 104a, 104b, 104c in different configurations. A framework for a modular wall can be assembled with the connectors and various horizontal and vertical frame members described herein to support the panel arrangements 300, 300’, and 300”. The reader will appreciate that the arrangements 300, 300’, and 300” are exemplary and the panel assemblies 104a, 104b, and 104c can be arranged differently in other compatible wall segments.

[0072] Panel arrangements 400, 400’, and 400" in FIGS. 21A-21C include two panel assemblies 104a, 104b and two truncated panel assemblies 204a, 204b in different configurations. A framework for a modular wall can be assembled with the connectors and various horizontal and vertical frame members described herein to support the panel arrangements 400, 400’, and 400”. The reader will appreciate that the panel arrangements 400, 400’, and 400” are exemplary and the panel assemblies 104a, 104b, 204a, and 204b can be arranged differently in other compatible wall segments.

[0073] Panel arrangement 500 in FIG. 22 includes one panel assembly 104a and four truncated panel assemblies 204a, 204b, 204c, and 204d. A framework for a modular wall can be assembled with the connectors and various horizontal and vertical frame members described herein to support the panel arrangement 500. The reader will appreciate that the panel arrangement 500 is exemplary and the panel assemblies 104a, 204a, 204b, 204c, and 204d can be arranged differently in other compatible wall segments.

[0074] Panel arrangement 600 in FIG, 23 includes six truncated panel assemblies 204a, 204b, 204c, 2Q4d, 204e, and 204f. A framework for a modular wall can be assembled with the connectors and various horizontal and vertical frame members described herein to support the panel arrangement 600. The reader will appreciate that the panel arrangement 500 is exemplary and the truncated panel assemblies 204a, 204b, 204c, 204d, 204e, and 204f can be arranged differently in other compatible wall segments.

[007S] Alternative panel arrangements are depicted in U.S. Design Patent Application No. 29/763,313, titled MODULAR WALL ASSEMBLY and U.S. Design Patent Application No. 29/763,320, titled MODULAR WALL ASSEMBLY WITH OVERLAY, which are both filed on even date herewith and are incorporated by reference herein in their respective entireties. [0076] The panel assemblies 104 and 204 can include a base panel 140 and 240, respectively, as further described herein. The base panel is held in position in the modular frameworks described herein. For example, the ridges 142 along the perimeter of the base panel 140 can slide into grooves 128 in the frame members 112, 114, 116, 215 and/or 217, which can hold the base panel 140 in place in the framework,

[0077] Referring now to FIG. 25, a panel assembly 704 is shown. The panel assembly 704 can be similar to the panel assemblies 104 and 204 in various aspects. For example, the panel assembly 704 includes a base panel 740, which is similar to the base panel 140 in various aspects of the present disclosure. For the example, the base panel 740 includes ridges 742 along the perimeter, which are structured and dimensioned to slide into grooves 128 in the frame members 112, 114, 116, 215 and/or 217 to hold the base panel 740 in place in the framework. In certain instances, the base panel 740 and the base panel 140 can be identical. The panel assembly 704 can be interchangeable with the panel assembly 104 in the wall segments and spaces of FIGS. 1 and 2.

[0078] The base panel 740 can be a transparent or semi-transparent panel. For example, the base panel 740 can be comprised of a glass, plexiglass, and/or a flexible plastic material. In such instances, the base panel 740 can form see-through windows into the wail assemblies.

[0078] In other instances, the base panel 740 can include a screen, such as a mesh and/or wire screen. In still other instances, the base panel 740 can include an opaque material, such as a sheet of metal and/or plastic, for example.

[0080] Alternative materials for the base panel 740 are also contemplated. In certain instances, the ridges 742 at the perimeter of the base panel 740 can include a coating, such as a metallic and/or polymeric material to facilitate sliding of the base panel securely into the grooves. For example, the ridges 742 can be coated with Teflon® or another lubricious material in certain instances.

[0081] In still other instances, a base panel may not be installed in the framework and/or may not be installed in certain portions of the framework. In such instances, the framework can include pass-through and/or open-air windows.

[0082] Overlay panels 750, 752 can be releasably mounted to the base panel 740. In various instances, the overlay panels 750, 752 can be secured to the base panel 740 with magnets 754. For example, the overlay panels 750, 752 can sandwich the base panel 740. Stated differently, the overlay panels 750, 752 can be positioned on either side of the base panel 740. As further described herein, the overlay panels 750, 752 can include complementary arrays of magnets such that positive magnetic poles of magnets in the first array are aligned with negative magnetic poles of magnets in the second array when the first overlay panel 750 and the second overlay panel 752 are magnetically-attached to the base panel 704.

[0083] The overlay panels 750, 752 can be customizable for each panel assembly 704. For example, in certain instances, the overlay panels 750, 752 can include an opaque material to provide privacy to the wall segment. In still other instances, the overlay panels 750, 752 can include different materials such as metals and/or wood, various fabrics, different designs, one or more accessories, functionalities, and/or ornamentations, which allow a user to further customize a space. For example, one side of the panel assembly 704 can appear and/or function differently from the other side of the panel assembly 704. In certain instances, the overlay panels 750, 752 can include a dry erase surface, chalkboard, peg board and/or other mounting hardware for holding and/or supporting office supplies and/or equipment.

[0084] The magnets 754 are secured to the overlay panels 750, 752. For example, the magnets can be secured to the overlay panels 750, 752 with an adhesive, glue, screw, and/or other fastener(s). The magnets 754 are permanent magnets and are arranged to form complementary magnetic arrays 756, 758 including magnets 754 on both sides of the base panel 740, The first magnetic array 756 is a two-dimensional array on a first side of the base panel 740 and the second magnetic array 758 is a two-dimensional array of magnets 754 on a second side of the base panel 740. The magnets 754 in the first magnetic array 756 can be embedded other otherwise secured to the first overlay panel 750, and the magnets 754 in the second magnetic array 758 can be embedded or otherwise secured to the second overlay panel 752. The magnetic arrays 756, 758 are complementary arrays and configured to draw the overlay panels 750, 752 together and into alignment.

[0085] Referring primarily to FIG. 24, the first magnetic array 756 includes at least one row of magnets 754 on each side of the base panel 740, which is removed from FIG. 24 for clarity. The magnets 754 in the first magnetic array 756 are arranged with alternating polarity. For example, the magnets 754 are arranged in a row with positive and negative polarities facing the base panel 740 alternating along the length of the row. The first magnetic array 756 include multiple magnets 754 in multiple rows on both sides of the base panel 740. In FIGS, 24 and 25, the first magnetic array 756 includes a two-by-four array of magnets 754. The magnets 754 in the first magnetic array 756 are arranged in a checkerboard pattern of alternating polarity along the two-dimensional array. More specifically, the magnets 754 in the complementary magnetic arrays 756, 758 can be oriented in a checkerboard arrangement of alternating positive and negative polarities configured to draw the overlay panels 750, 752 toward each other on either side of the base panel 740 and into alignment on opposite sides of the base panel 740. [0086] In other instances, the first magnetic array 756 can include additional rows and/or additional magnets 754 in each row. In still other instances, the first magnetic array 756 can include fewer magnets 754 and/or fewer rows. For example, for truncated panel assemblies (e.g. truncated panel assembly 204 in FIGS. 15 and 16), the magnetic array can include two rows and only two magnets 754 in each row. Additional configurations are contemplated. [0087] The arrangement of magnetic poles in the complementary magnetic arrays 756, 758 is configured to draw the overlay panels 750, 752 toward each other and into alignment on either side of the wall segment and/or the base panel 740. For example, magnetic attractions between the magnets 754 on either side of the base panel 740 attracts the overlay panels 750, 752 to each other when they are brought into close proximity with each other. The spacing between the magnets 754 can be configured to orient the overlay panels 750, 752 in an aligned position overlapping the base panel 740. For example, the complementary magnetic arrays 756, 758 in the overlay panels 750, 752, respectively, are configured to provide mutual alignment and attraction to sandwich the overlay panels 750, 752 securely around the base panel 740 within a frame formed by the framework. The complementary magnetic arrays 756, 758 are configured to move the overlay panels 750, 752 into alignment — alignment with each other, with the base panel 740 and with the frame of the framework in which the base panel 740 is installed — as the positive magnetic poles move toward and into alignment with the corresponding negative poles in each overlay panel 750, 752.

[0088] In various instances, the overlay panels 750, 752 can be exchangeable to opposite sides of the base panel 740. Additionally, one or both of the overlay panels 750, 752 can be replaced with a substitute overlay panel. The overlay panels 750, 752 and the substitute overlay panel(s) can include identical magnetic arrays. In such instances, the magnetic arrays are configured to align and attract each other when positioned In an opposing orientation, such as facing opposite sides of the base panel 740. Though the magnetic arrays may be identical, the overlay panels 750, 752 may be different in certain instances at least because they include different outer surfaces. In other instances, the overlay panels 750, 752 can be identical.

[0089] In certain instances, the magnets 754 can protrude from the overlay panel 750, 752 and, as a result, the overlay panel 750, 752 may not rest flush against the base panel 740. In such instances, one or more spacer layers 760 can be positioned between the overlay panel 750, 752 and the base panel 740. The magnetic attraction between the magnets 754 secured to the overlay panels 750, 752 is configured to hold the spacer iayer(s) 760 in place. The spacer layers 760 include openings 762 that are dimensioned and positioned to receive any protruding portion of the magnets 754. [0090] In other instances, the magnets 754 can be embedded in the overlay panel 750, 752 such that the magnets 754 do not protrude from the overlay panel 750, In such instances, the overlay panel 750, 752 can sit flush against the base panel 740 without any spacer layers 760; however, spacer layers may be provided to protect, reinforce, and/or thicken the panel assembly even when the magnets 754 do not protrude from the overlay panel 750.

[0091] In various instances, the overlay panels 750, 752 can be mounted to the base panel 740 without any fasteners and without making any structural modifications to the base panel 740. In such instances, the overlay panels 750, 752 can be removed and, in certain instances, replaced with other overlay panels without modifying the base panel 740 and without effecting the framework and wall assembly formed from the horizontal and vertical frame members and base panels installed therein.

[0092] The overlay panels 750, 752 comprise a larger footprint than the base panel 740, and thus, can obscure or cover portions of the framework when the panel assembly 704 is mounted in the framework. In various instances, each overlay panel 750, 752 can be flush or continuous with an adjacent overlay panel when the adjacent overlay panels 750, 752 are installed (see, e.g. panel assemblies 104d, 104e, and 104f in FIGS. 9 and 10 forming a cohesive, unitary wall segment 102b). In other instances, a narrow opening or gap can be defined between adjacent overlay panels ((see, e.g. panel assemblies 904 in FIG. 3). The openings and/or gaps can expose a narrow portion of the framework, such as an approximately half-inch space to provide access to the locking 130 via the through-holes 127 in the frame members.

[0093] In various instances, overlay panels can be integrally-formed with the base panels. For example, the overlay panels can be permanently attached to the base panels and may not be easily replaceable and/or exchangeable. For example, the overlay panels can be secured to the base panels with an adhesive, rivets, and/or molded features. In such instances, the overlay panels are installed into the framework along with the base panel as the base panel slides into the framed opening. Such overlay panels can also obscure and/or cover portions of the framework. However, the openings or through-holes 127 in the frame members can still be accessible to a user to facilitate disassembly of the wall assembly.

[0094] Referring now to FIG. 26, a modular wall assembly 701 including two wall segments 702a and 702b is shown. The modular wall assembly 701 is similar in many aspects to the modular wall assembly 101 (FIGS. 9 and 10). For example, the modular wall assembly 701 includes the framework 110 and the wall segments 702a and 702b are similar in many aspects to the wall segments 102a and 102b (FIGS. 9 and 10), respectively. The wall segments 702a and 702b includes panel assemblies 704, which can be similar to the panel assemblies 104 in certain aspects of the present disclosure. The panel assemblies 704 include the base panels 740 installed in the framework 110. The panel assemblies 704 are built around and supported by the base panels 740 and include overlay panels 750 and 752, spacer layers 760, and complementary magnetic arrays 756, 758. The complementary magnetic arrays 756, 758 are configured to sandwich the base panel 740 and hold the overlay panel on either side of the base panel 740

[009S] In certain instances, different overlay panels can be secured to each side (e.g. inside wall and outside wall) of the base panel 740. In such instances, an inside surface of the modular wall assembly 701 can have a different surface than an outside surface of the modular wall assembly 701 . Different overlay panels can provide versatility and customization to each frame (or framed region) and each side of each frame. In instances in which the base panel 740 is a transparent or semi-transparent window, the overlay panels can provide privacy, for example. The overlay panels 750 and 752 are interchangeable and a user can relocate the overlay panels 750 and 752 and/or replace certain overlay panels 750 and 752 by overcoming the magnetic attraction from the complementary magnetic arrays 756, 758 and removing the overlay panels 750 and 752. In certain instances, the overlay panels 750 and/or 752 can be relocated to alternative wall assemblies formed with the modular components of the framework 110.

[0096] Referring now to FIG. 27, a modular wall assembly 801 including two wall segments 802a and 802b is shown. The modular wall assembly 801 is similar in many aspects to the modular wall assembly 201 (FIGS. 15 and 16). For example, the modular wall assembly 801 includes the framework 210 and the wail segments 802a and 802b are similar in many aspects to the wall segments 202a and 202b (FIGS. 15 and 16), respectively. The wall segments 802a and 802b includes panel assemblies 704, which are also shown in FIG. 26, and panel assemblies 804, which can be similar to the truncated panel assemblies 204 (FIGS. 15 and 16) in certain aspects of the present disclosure. The panel assemblies 804 include a base panels 840 installed in the framework 210. The panel assemblies 804 are built around and supported by the base panels 840 and include overlay layers 850 and 852, spacer layers 860, and magnetic arrays 856, 858. Similar to the complementary magnetic arrays 756, 578, the magnetic arrays 856, 858 are configured to sandwich the base panel 840 and hold the overlay layers 850, 852 on either side of each base panel 840 sandwich, as described herein with respect to FIGS. 24 and 25. The magnetic arrays 856, 858 include two-by-two arrays of magnets 754.

[0097] In certain instances, different overlay panels can be secured to each side (e.g. inside wall and outside wall) of the base panel 840. In such instances, an inside surface of the modular wall assembly 801 can have a different surface than an outside surface of the modular wall assembly 801 . Different overlay panels can provide versatility and customization to each frame (or framed region) and each side of each frame. In instances in which the base panel 840 is a transparent or semi-transparent window, the overlay panels can provide privacy, for example. The overlay layers 850, 852 are interchangeable and a user can relocate one or more of the overlay layers 850, 852 and/or replace certain overlay layers 850, 852 by overcoming the magnetic attraction from the complementary magnetic arrays 856, 858 and removing the overlay layers 850, 852. In certain instances, one or both of the overlay layers 850, 852 can be relocated to alternative wall assemblies formed with the modular components of the framework 210.

[0098] Referring now to FIGS. 28A-29, the modular assembly 100 (FIG. 1) include a door assembly 170 including a door 172 and mounting hardware. The door 172 Is formed from the same modular components as the framework 110. For example, the door 172 includes vertical non-corner frame members 114, horizontal frame members 112, and panel assemblies 104. The door 172 is mounted to a wall of the modular assembly 100 with mounts 174 and wheels 176.

[0099] For example, two wheels 176 are mounted to the topmost horizontal frame member 112 on the door 172 with mounts 174. The wheels 176 at the top of the door 172 are configured to roll or slide along the upper edge of the topmost horizontal frame member 112, which spans the opening forming a doorway. The wheels 176 can support at least a portion of the weight of the door 172 and/or guide the door 172 and slide adjacent to a sidewall of the modular assembly 100. In certain instances, the door 172 can hang from the topmost horizontal frame member 112. Two wheels 176 are also mounted to the bottommost horizontal frame member 112 on the door 172. The bottom wheels 176 can roll or slide along a floor or support surface on which the modular assembly 100 Is positioned.

[0100] In other instances, the door assembly 170 can include additional wheels 176 for holding and/or guiding the door 172 as it slides between an open position and a closed position. In other instances, a modular assembly or space may include multiple movable doors and/or may include doorways without a movable door

[0101] Referring now to FIGS. 30-32, a wall assembly 901 can be formed from modular wall segments 902a, 902b and a door assembly 970. The wall segments 902a, 902b can be similar to the wall segments 102 (FIG, 1), for example, and can be formed from a framework 910 comprised of modular frame members and modular panels, as further described herein. The framework 910 for the wall segment 902a forms a doorway or opening throughwhich a person can enter and/or pass through the wall assembly 901 , and the wall segment 902b is a solid wall segment include three panel assemblies 904.

[0102] The door assembly 970 includes a door 972 and mounting hardware. The door 972 is formed from the same modular components as the framework 910, and also includes a handle 979. The handle 979 is mounted to the vertical frame member 112 and provides an edge or grip for a person to push/pull to slide the door 972 relative to the wall assembly 901 . The door 972 includes vertical non-corner frame members 114, horizontal frame members 112, and panel assemblies 904, The panel assemblies 904 may be identical to the panel assemblies 104 in various aspects of the present disclosure. In other instances, overlay panels 950 for the panel assemblies 904 can define a different size and/or geometry than the overlay panels in the panel assemblies 104 and/or the overlay panels 750, 752 (FIGS, 24-27). For example, the overlay panels 950 in the panel assemblies 904 partially overlap the framework 901 ; however, a larger gap or space is defined between adjacent overlay panels. The space can measure approximately 2.0in to 0.25in, for example. In certain instances, a space of approximately 0.5in can be positioned between adjacent overlay panels 950. In other instances, an overlay panel 950 can be flush or substantially contiguous with the edge of an adjacent overlay panel 950.

[0103] In certain instances, the overlay panels 950 can be magnetically attached to the panel assemblies 904, as further described herein. In other instances, the overlay panels 950 can be integrally formed with the base panel, as further described herein. For example, the overlay panels 950 can be attached to the base panel with an adhesive, fastened, press- fit, molded together and/or co-molded in various instances.

[0104] The door 972 is mounted to the wall assembly 901 with a mounting bar 974 and wheels or rollers 976. The mounting bar 974 is mounted to the vertical frame members 114 on the wall assembly 901 . In various instances, the mounting bar 974 can be mounted to the vertical end posts of the wall assembly 901 and any vertical posts therebetween. In such instances, the mounting bar 974 can extend the length of the wall assembly 901 . For example, the mounting bar 974 is fastened to the three vertical frame members 114 in FIG. 30. The mounting bar 974 can be mounted to the vertical frame members 114 with screws, brackets, and/or other mounting hardware, for example. The mounting bar 974 is mounted to an external or outside-facing side of the wall assembly 901 ; however, in other instances, the mounting bar 974 can be positioned on an internal or inside-facing side of the wall assembly 901 .

[0105] Referring primarily to FIG. 32, the mounting bar 974 includes an internal track 978 that is configured to receive the rollers 976. The rollers 976 are configured to move along the internal track 978 as the door 972 moves along the mounting bar 974 to open and close the doorway defined therein. In various instances, the mounting bar 974 and the vertical frame member 974 on which the mounting bar 974 is supported is configured to support the weight of the door 972. When the door 972 includes multiple large glass panels (approximately 30in by 60in, for example), the door 972 may weigh several hundred pounds. In such instances, without the additional support provided by the mounting bar 974 on the vertical frame members, the door 972 may pull or sag the framework 910 downward. However, the mounting bar 974 is configured to withstand the load of the door 972 and resist downward deflection during use and/or overtime, for example.

[0106] Examples

[0107] Example 1 - A modular wall assembly, comprising a framework and a panel assembly; the framework comprising a rectangular frame, wherein the rectangular frame comprises an inner perimeter and a plurality of grooves along the inner perimeter; the panel assembly comprising a base panel, comprising an outer perimeter a rim extending around at least a portion of the outer perimeter, wherein the rim is configured to fit into the grooves to secure the base panel to the rectangular frame; the panel assembly further comprising a first layer comprising a first array of permanent magnets and a second layer comprising a second array of permanent magnets, wherein the orientation of magnetic poles in the first array of permanent magnets and the second array of permanent magnets is configured to draw the first layer and the second layer together and into alignment on opposite sides of the base panel.

[0108] Example 2 - The modular wail assembly of Example 1 , further comprising a third layer comprising a third array of permanent magnets, wherein the third layer is interchangeable with the second layer in the panel assembly.

[0109] Example 3 - The modular wall assembly of Example 2, wherein the first layer comprises a first outer surface, wherein the second layer comprises a second outer surface, wherein the third layer comprises a third outer surface, and wherein the third outer surface is different from the second outer surface.

[0110] Example 4 - The modular wall assembly of any of Examples 2 and 3, wherein the orientation of magnetic poles in the third array of permanent magnets is configured to attract the first array of permanent magnets to draw the first layer and the third layer together and into alignment on opposite sides of the base panel.

[0111] Example 5 - The modular wall assembly of any of Examples 1-4, wherein the first array of permanent magnets comprises a two-dimensional array of at least two rows and at least two permanent magnets in each row.

[0112] Example 6 - The modular wall assembly of Example 5, wherein the two- dimensional array comprises a checkerboard arrangement of positive and negative magnetic poles.

[0113] Example 7 - The modular wall assembly of any of Examples 1 -6, wherein the permanent magnets in the first array of permanent magnets are embedded in the first layer. [0114] Example 8 - The modular wall assembly of any of Examples 1-7, wherein the permanent magnets in the first array of permanent magnets protrude from the first layer. [0115] Example 9 - The modular wall assembly of any of Examples 1-8, further comprising a spacer layer configured to be sandwiched between the first layer and the base panel, and wherein a magnetic attraction between the first array of permanent magnets and the second array of permanent magnets is configured to hold the spacer layer between the first layer and the base panel.

[0116] Example 10 - The modular wall assembly of Example 9, wherein the spacer layer comprises openings configured to receive at least portions of the permanent magnets in the second array of permanent magnets.

[0117] Example 11 - A kit for assembling a modular wall, the kit comprising a first frame member comprising a first groove; a second frame member comprising a second groove; a third frame member comprising a third groove; a fourth frame member comprising a fourth groove; a plurality of locks configured to releasably lock the first frame member, the second frame member, the third frame member, and the fourth frame member to form a rectangular frame; a base panel comprising an outer perimeter and a rim extending around at least a portion of the outer perimeter, wherein the rim is dimensioned to slide into the first groove, the second groove, the third groove, and the fourth groove to securely seat the base panel in the rectangular frame; a first overlay comprising a first array of permanent magnets; and a second overlay comprising a second array of permanent magnets complementary to the first array of permanent magnets such that positive poles of the first array of permanent magnets are aligned with negative poles of the second array of permanent magnets when the first overlay and the second overlay are magnetically-attached to the base panel.

[0118] Example 12 - The kit of Example 11 , wherein the first array of permanent magnets and the second array of permanent magnets are identical arrangements of permanent magnets.

[0119] Example 13 - The kit of any of Examples 11 and 12, further comprising a substitute overlay comprising a third array of permanent magnets, wherein the substitute overlay is interchangeable with the first overlay and the second overlay.

[0120] Example 14 - The kit of Example 13, wherein the first overlay comprises a first outer layer, wherein the second overlay comprises a second outer layer, and wherein the substitute overlay comprises a third outer layer that is different than the first outer layer and the second outer layer.

[0121] Example 15 - The kit of any of Examples 11-14, wherein the base panel comprises a transparent material within the rim.

[0122] Example 16 - The kit of any of Examples 11-15, wherein the first array of permanent magnets comprises a two-dimensional checkerboard array of alternating positive and negative magnetic poles facing the base panel.

[0123] Example 17 - A panel assembly for a wall frame, the panel assembly comprising a base panel secured to the wall frame; a first overlay comprising a first array of permanent magnets oriented in a first checkerboard arrangement of alternating positive and negative polarities; and a second overlay comprising a second array of permanent magnets oriented in a second checkerboard arrangement of alternating positive and negative polarities, wherein the first checkerboard arrangement and the second checkerboard arrangement are configured to draw the first overlay and the second overlay toward the base panel and into alignment on opposite sides of the base panel.

[0124] Example 18 - The panel assembly of Example 17, wherein the first overlay and the second overlay are exchangeable to opposite sides of the base panel.

[0125] Example 19 - The panel assembly of any of Examples 17 and 18, wherein the first overlay and the second overlay are identical.

[0126] Example 20 - The panel assembly of any of Examples 17 and 18, wherein the first overlay and the second overlay comprise different outer surfaces.

[0127] While several forms have been illustrated and described, it is not the intention of Applicant to restrict or limit the scope of the appended claims to such detail. Numerous modifications, variations, changes, substitutions, combinations, and equivalents to those forms may be implemented and will occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Moreover, the structure of each element associated with the described forms can be alternatively described as a means for providing the function performed by the element. Also, where materials are disclosed for certain components, other materials may be used. It is therefore to be understood that the foregoing description and the appended claims are intended to cover all such modifications, combinations, and variations as falling within the scope of the disclosed forms. The appended claims are intended to cover all such modifications, variations, changes, substitutions, modifications, and equivalents.

[0128] It will be further appreciated that, for convenience and clarity, spatial terms such as “vertical”, “horizontal”, “up”, and “down” may be used herein with respect to the drawings. However, wall assemblies can be positioned in many orientations and positions, and these terms are not intended to be limiting and/or absolute.

[0129] Those skilled in the art will recognize that, in general, terms used herein, and especially in the appended claims (e.g., bodies of the appended claims) are generally intended as “open” terms (e.g., the term “including” should be interpreted as “including but not limited to,” the term “having” should be interpreted as “having at least,” the term “includes” should be interpreted as “includes but is not limited to,” etc.). It will be further understood by those within the art that if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is intended, such an intent will be explicitly recited in the claim, and in the absence of such recitation no such intent is present. For example, as an aid to understanding, the following appended claims may contain usage of the introductory phrases “at least one” and “one or more” to introduce claim recitations. However, the use of such phrases should not be construed to imply that the introduction of a claim recitation by the indefinite articles “a” or “an” limits any particular claim containing such introduced claim recitation to claims containing only one such recitation, even when the same claim includes the introductory phrases “one or more” or “at least one” and indefinite articles such as “a” or “an” (e.g., “a” and/or “an” should typically be interpreted to mean “at least one” or “one or more”); the same holds true for the use of definite articles used to introduce claim recitations.

[0130] In addition, even if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is explicitly recited, those skilled in the art will recognize that such recitation should typically be interpreted to mean at least the recited number (e.g., the bare recitation of “two recitations,” without other modifiers, typically means at least two recitations, or two or more recitations). Furthermore, in those instances where a convention analogous to “at least one of A, B, and C, etc.” is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention (e.g., “a system having at least one of A, B, and C” would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and/or A, B, and C together, etc.). In those instances where a convention analogous to “at least one of A, B, or C, etc.” is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention (e.g., “a system having at least one of A, B, or C” would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and/or A, B, and C together, etc.). It will be further understood by those within the art that typically a disjunctive word and/or phrase presenting two or more alternative terms, whether in the description, claims, or drawings, should be understood to contemplate the possibilities of including one of the terms, either of the terms, or both terms unless context dictates otherwise. For example, the phrase “A or B” will be typically understood to include the possibilities of “A” or“B” or “A and B.”

[0131] With respect to the appended claims, those skilled in the art will appreciate that recited operations therein may sometimes be performed in any order. Examples of such alternate orderings may include overlapping, interleaved, interrupted, reordered, incremental, preparatory, supplemental, simultaneous, reverse, or other variant orderings, unless context dictates otherwise. Furthermore, terms like “responsive to,” “related to,” or other past-tense adjectives are generally not intended to exclude such variants, unless context dictates otherwise.

[0132] It is worthy to note that any reference to “one aspect,” “an aspect,” “an exemplification,” “one exemplification,” and the like means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the aspect is included in at least one aspect. Thus, appearances of the phrases “in one aspect,” “in an aspect,” “in an exemplification,” and “in one exemplification” in various places throughout the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same aspect. Furthermore, the particular features, structures or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more aspects.

[0133] Any patent application, patent, non-patent publication, or other disclosure material referred to in this specification and/or listed in any Application Data Sheet is incorporated by reference herein, to the extent that the incorporated materials is not inconsistent herewith. As such, and to the extent necessary, the disclosure as explicitly set forth herein supersedes any conflicting material incorporated herein by reference. Any material, or portion thereof, that is said to be incorporated by reference herein, but which conflicts with existing definitions, statements, or other disclosure material set forth herein will only be incorporated to the extent that no conflict arises between that incorporated material and the existing disclosure material.

[0134] In summary, numerous benefits have been described which result from employing the concepts described herein. The foregoing description of the one or more forms has been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or limiting to the precise form disclosed. Modifications or variations are possible in light of the above teachings. The one or more forms were chosen and described in order to illustrate principles and practical application to thereby enable one of ordinary skill in the art to utilize the various forms and with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the claims submitted herewith define the overall scope.