[0001] The Magnetic to Mechanical Force Converter Co-input Engine is a technique and device created for conversion of the magnetic forces in to a mechanical one in form of a reciprocating motion. The movements then converted in to a rotational motion with help of a pair of linkage bars and installed a crank and wheel arrangement. It is non-combustion zero pollution environment friendly, opposed double magnetic pistons co-input engine relied on an especial tech.

[0002] A Rare Earth Strong Permanent Magnet is a source of nonstop, uninterrupted and non-fluctuated magnetic energy. It is capable of providing continual energy for an extended period. Its strength is not reduced or raised by common means, instantly. If prevented from thrashing and heating conditions, it maintains its effectiveness through centuries. In addition, it is independent of accessibility restraints for prolonged usage.

Technical Field

[0003] The mechanism operated on combination of a duple input named as the Coinput. A first of which was a magnetic force generated by an electromagnet by passing an out-sourced electrical current through the winding of it. Another a hidden one was produced by magnetic forces of a set of affixed permanent magnets domestically, without an external assistance. It worked as real as the previous one.

[0004] The magnetic forces performed exactly equal at a common point on a gap length coupled from the pole surfaces of facing each magnet. It gave rise to the mechanical forces with potentials that of about to the entire contributions. Yet, the efficiency retained reasonably lowered with reference to total participation. It broken no rules and abides by the principles and laws of physics, absolutely.

[0005] The attractions and repulsion took place in accordance of the directions of the passed current. The entire process took place in a specifically configured setup. A working prototype composed for enactment and approval of the tech, exists readily.

[0006] It encompassed a Front and a Controller Unit along with some other elements, objects and components as well. Both entities connected through a cable wiring. The tech would prove a turning point for conversion of the magnetic forces in to a functional one. The objective remained out of reach since forever. An attached Energy Storage Flywheel stored the rendered Rotational Kinetic Energy, emphatically.

[0007] A few installed measuring gadgets monitored real time usage data while it was operational. The observed facts analyzed with help of a few ascertained scientific formulae and equations. The outcome duly endorsed internal engagement of the magnetic energy. This device is neither an over-unity machine, nor outputting without any input also not something producing perpetual motions. In addition, it is not a Free Energy Magnetic Wheel, at all. It is a real machine.

Background Art

[0008] This assignment initiated taken with specific concept and purpose and worked from scratch independently. Not any background or a prior art availed other than the one portrayed just here in this report. Necessitated established theories, formulae and equations gathered from widely addressable open source resources. Hence, the ‘Magnetic to Mechanical Force Converter Co-input Engine’ is a one only background or a prior art.

Summary of Invention

[0009] This part of the report illustrated the Theory and Principle of this tech, as well. A Rare Earth Strong Permanent Magnet is a source of none stops uninterrupted and non-fluctuated magnetic energy. It is capable of providing continual energy for an extended period. Its strength is not reduced or raised by common means, instantly.

[0010] If prevented from thrashing and heating conditions, it maintains its effectiveness through centuries. In addition, it is independent of accessibility restraints for prolonged usage. Like poles of two magnets repel and the unlike ones attract each another. It is a most common and basic characteristic of all types of the magnets.

[0011] However, the electromagnets made a bit distinct from the permanent magnets in lieu of some aspects. An external source of energy is not required to maintain the magnetism of a permanent magnet. Once magnetized it continues to retain it, internally. Where on, an electromagnet involves outsourced eclectic current to magnetize and preserve it.

[0012] It holds its magnetism until passed the current and neutralized the soonest it ceased. The strength of its magnetism increased or decreased by adjusting intensity of the current and the number of winding. The polarities shifted by altering the direction of its current flow. A piece of l-shaped bar electromagnet used as a crucial component for this device.

[0013] With distribution of the generated force equally the poles of it existed at exact opposite ends. Each one of the permanent Magnet Pistons hugged to a single end of it while in neutral state. A specified gap maintained among them to prevent strikes. On excitation, it generated like magnetic fields creating repulsion. On a next move, it reversed flow direction of the current altering the fields to unlike ones which presented attractions rapidly.

[0014] A continuity of both above steps yielded a useful mechanical energy in form of a reciprocating motion. An attached pair of the linkage bars diverted the strokes to a common track by transferring them to a Sliding-mover displacing it up and down. Besides, the forces shifted to a crank and wheel system through a connecting rod making to rotate it. The yield stored on a Kinetic Energy Storage Flywheel placed at the back of the front unit.

Technical Problem

[0015] The Drawing [Fig.1] Front Unit displayed a cross sectional view of the Front Unit. A triangle supposed to be formed by both linkage bars and an imaginary horizontal line passing through mid of the piston shafts and the iron core of the electromagnet. Small alphabets used for tagging all three angles of it. From a front viewer’s eye, the angle on left marked ‘a’, the right to be ‘b’ and ‘c’ being the top one.

[0016] The side-ac or the left arm existed in between ‘a’ & ‘c’, and that in between ‘b’ & ‘c’ called the side-bc or the right arm. They measured equally becoming two sides of an isosceles triangle. The line in between "a’ and ‘b” presumed to be the bottomarm or the side-ab. A mark ‘d’ placed at the mid center divided it in to ‘ad’ and ‘de’ equally.

[0017] They formed the bases and the sides ‘ac’ and ‘be’ being the Hypotenuses of the oppositely seated two right triangles ‘adc’ and ‘bdc’. The side-dc in between the points ‘d’ & ‘c’ stood as a common perpendicular. The Table 1 : Details of the Schematic Diagram shown all related values. A (-) sign appeared there in the cells F6, J6 & K6 indicated Pull forces.

[0018] The diameter of the crank wheel axle is 6 mm and that of the nut placed on its threading is 10 mm. The diameter of the crank pin is 4 mm and that of the nut placed on the crank pin threading is 7 mm. A gap among them is 1 mm. Totaling them it come to be 10+7+1 = 18 mm. The crank radius must be greater than 18/2 = 9.0 mm.

[0019] The piston strokes as showed in the cell E8 of the table was 7.7 mm with a radius evaluated to be 3.9 mm, which was not enough to run the above orbital.

Solution to Problem

[0020] Hence, the stroke length extended to 20 mm from 7.7 mm with arrangement of suitable sized linkages. The new radius i.e. 20/2 = 10.0 mm met to run it smoothly. As the radius increased force decreased. Both quantities are inversely proportional placed the torque still intact.

[0021] The system used 5V, 12V and 62V electricity running different elements, objects and components of this device. The use of 5V was nominal and not observed. The others monitored with two separate power meters. The electromagnet possessed two coils wound one upon another. Each one of them measured a resistance of 26 ohm with a current value of 2.23A while connected to 62V, uninterruptedly.

[0022] It measured a total of 13 ohm with a current flow of 4.46A if connected in parallel. On connected serially, it summed up 52 ohm with a current flow of 1 .12A. Please view the Table 7: Coil wise Parameters of the used Electromagnet. An allowed maximum limit of a voltage or a current passing through a circuit called the ‘Rated’ value of them, respectively. Flow of the current through the coils of the electromagnet generated the magnetic forces.

[0023] The permeability of a core material affects the field values. The Permeability is a measure of the magnetization that a material obtains in response to an applied magnetic field and the symbol ' p' is used to denote it. A point on the gap length from the pole surface of a magnet to a magnetic object is called the gap length denoted by ‘gap-L’.

[0024] The magnetic force diminished by increasing gap-length. The loss of potency due to the permeability and the Gap-Length stated ‘Diminution’ abbreviated and symbolized as ‘Dim’. However a disadvantage it referred to prevent the probable knocking taking place among the speedy frontiers of the engine module. Advantageous Effects of Invention

[0025] THE NEUTRAL STATE

It retained an inactive state while the current not passed and exits no fields. The iron core behaved just like a simple iron embracing the frontier magnetic pistons at each end of it.

[0026] THE REPULSION PHASE OR PHASE-1

On excitation, it produced magnetic fields similar to that of the poles of the facing permanent magnets. It caused repulsion pushing away both pistons, rapidly. The thrusts diverted and transferred to a sliding mover with help of a pair of the linkage bars. Part of this phenomenon named the Repulsion Phase or just the Phase-1.

[0027] Both of the rivals performed exactly equal at this stage outputting a power = P _o . PM where P represented the Power and the sub-scripted ‘O-PhT is the output of the phase-1 .

[0028] THE ATTRACTION-PHASE OR PHASE-2

On a next move, the direction of the current flow reversed shifting the fields to the unlike ones creating attractions. It drew both pistons back, swiftly. Part of the phenomenon called the Attraction-Phase or simply the Phase-2. In this step, the opponents participated equally placing an output = P ₀ -Ph2 where on P is the power and the sub-scripted ‘O-ph2’ meant the output of phase 2. Each phase moved half a rotation.

[0029] The outputs of both above phases stood identical l.e. P ₀ -PM = Po-ph2- The Output of a completed rotation placed as P ₀ -TTL = PO-PM + Po-ph2 Where in the sub-scripted ‘O-TTL’ is the Total Output. Continuation of both the phases delivered a useful mechanical energy in form of a Reciprocating Motion, which converted in to a rotational motion there after. Not any magnetic energy possessed by the permanent magnets reduced during the whole operation.

Brief Description of Drawings

[0030] Two different methods applied for numbering of the drawing figures. A first one was assignment of a single or two-digit numbering to a figure stayed alone on a whole page For example Fig.3, Fig.7. A second was allotment of a capital alphabet to each one of the grouped figures. A single or two-digit number still provided to the main figure containing all the grouped figures. [0031] The letters following the digit number of a main figure recognized its sub-figure. For example, if a capital letter D followed a digit number 4 of a main figure, the combined number Fig.4D identified a sub-figure of Fig.4. Bellow description of the drawings carried on it, accordingly. Please note the grouped figures were shown in a right to left sequence within the main figure.

[0032] It did not found probable to apply similar proportions for grouped figures or elements of all drawings. A Table 5: Dimensions of the Drawing Figures containing necessitated all measurements duly resolved the issue.

[0033] For purpose of differentiation the reference fields of the schematic diagram, for example D5, MES4, NE1 , SW8 placed within the vertical bars ‘||’ like |D5|, |MES4|, |NE11, |SW8| in this description, The bars did not exist in actual diagram. A Table 1 : Details of the Schematic Diagram listed all of them, appropriately.

[0034] In addition, for differentiation the table cells’ identities of a word table, for example C15, F5 inserted within angled brackets ‘o’ like <C15>, <F5> in this report. Some times they might denoted as cell C15 as well. However, they resembled the drawing figure numbering, yet not in a same order. The brackets similarly used in the smart tables of some programs but not in word 2003 itself.

[0035] As the above reference fields and the cell identifiers created from the Schematic program and the Table tool of the MS Word 2003 by default they were not amendable, at all. Similar situations may arise with naming of the terminals and pins of a few other elements and objects. It suggested accepting them as and wherever they exist.

Fig.1

[0036] [Fig.1 ] Figure 1 : Front Unit presented a cross sectional view of the Front Unit. It preferred for use of the abstract element of the Application. (Figure Top: Left)

Fig.2

[0037] [Fig.2] Figure 2: Neutral, Repulsion and Attraction Phases showed different positions of the pistons within the engine. It grouped three sub-figures as shown under. (Figure Top: Left)

Fig.2A sighted the Neutral state of the process.

Fig.2B envisioned the Attraction Phase or Phase-1 of the procedure.

Fig.2C viewed Repulsion or Phase-2, fields reversed altering the current direction. Fig.3

[0038] [Fig.3] Figure 3: Parts of the Electromagnet Hub displayed fractions of the Electromagnet Hub. It encompassed four sub-figures. (Figure Top: Left) Fig.3D showed the End Discs used to prevent the electromagnet from striking the pistons. It placed within each ending of the EM-chamber.

Fig.3E represented the electromagnet that is a crucial component of this apparatus. Fig.3F showed the adopters used to cover endings of the EM-Chamber.

Fig.3G displayed the EM-Chamber (Electromagnet Chamber) used to confine the electromagnet within it.

Fig.4

[0039] [Fig.4] Figure 4: Fractions of the Engine Hub displayed parts of the Engine Hub.

It comprised ten sub-figures. (Figure Top: Left)

Fig.4H is a piece of aluminum stripe used to attach with the piston bar.

Fig.41 is of an 18 mm plug used for capping ending of a nipple.

Fig.4J is an 18 mm x 50 mm Nipple used to connect the adopter and the plug.

[0040] Fig.4K is of an 018 mm x 025 mm (1" x 1/2") size PVC reducing socket or the adopter used for making a Magnetic Piston.

Fig.4L is a 33 mm x 33 mm ‘Rare Earth NdFeB Permanent Strong Round Bar Magnet’ used to create the magnetic piston.

Fig.4M comprised a Magnetic Piston attached with a piston shaft.

[0041] Fig.4N shown a 40 mm x 18 mm (11/2" x 1/2") reducing adopter used for capping a single ending of a cylinder.

Fig.40 of a cylinder is a segment of a 40 mm (11/2") PVC pipe.

Fig.4P is a set of Cylinder with attached adapter.

Fig.4Q is a set of the Electromagnet Hub.

Fig.5

[0042] [Fig.5] Figure 5: Engine Hub, Wing, Accelerator and Engine Module shown elements of the Engine Module. It comprised four sub-figures. (Figure Top: Left) Fig.5R The Engine Hub viewed in this figure.

Fig.5S is a piece of wing used to place at each end of the engine hub. Please note it is not a wing to fly.

Fig.5T is a piece of Accelerator placed inside the right side wing. Fig.5U displayed a piece of the completed Engine Module.

Fig.6

[0043] [Fig.6] Figure 6: Sliding Mover I reflected the Sliding-Mover. (Figure Top: Top)

Fig.7

[0044] [Fig.7] Figure 7: Sliding Mover Channel is for a piece of Sliding-Mover Channel used to glide the sliding-mover within it. (Figure Top: Top)

Fig.8

[0045] [Fig.8] Figure 8: Crank and Wheel System displayed the Crank and Wheel. (Figure Top: Top)

Fig.9

[0046] [Fig.9] Figure 9: Energy Storage Rimmed Flywheel is the rimmed flywheel used for storing the rotational kinetic energy. (Figure Top: Top)

Fig.10

[0047] [Fig.10] Figure 10: Controller Unit is a plastic container where in placed the power supply along with all control elements. (Figure Top: Left)

[0048] IN ADDITION, A LIST ALONG WITH SHORT DETAILS OF ALL ATTACHED TABLES GIVEN HERE UNDER:

[0049] Large, lengthy and multi-stepped calculations along with a number of different formulae found it not feasible to run them manually. Hence, they conducted through a few Smart Tables coming forth. A short info of all the tables provided here under.

[0050] The smart tables created and worked fine just in the 2003 version of the MS Word. They cannot work in else versions of the ms word or in any other programs, at all. Please update the column and row numbers of a concerned cell of a smart table in the table formulae appropriately. For updates, select one or more cells, rows, columns or area and click F9 key 1 to 5 times as of less or more selections.

Table.1

[0051 ] [Table 1 ] Table 1 : Details of the Schematic Diagram This table detailed names, schematic reference fields, purpose of usage, voltages and amperes for the objects presented in the Schematic Diagram. Table.2

[0052] [Table 2] Table 2: Dimensions of the Imaginary Triangle auto calculated features of the imaginary triangle formed by the linkages bars and the unreal bottom line passing through the piston shafts and mid of the iron core. The table is a smart table.

Table.3

[0053] [Table 3] Table 3: Measurements of the uPVC Pipes and Fittings the table possessed standard and actual measurements of used uPVC Pipes and Fittings. The inner-diameter of a pipe fitting closely matches the outer of a corresponding pipe.

Table.4

[0054] [Table 4] Table 4: Stored Rotational Kinetic Energy estimated the Stored Rotational Kinetic Energy. The table is a smart table.

Table.5

[0055] [Table 5] Table 5: Dimensions of the Drawing Figures contained necessitated measurements of all Drawing Figures.

Table.6

[0056] [Table 6] Table 6: Custom Symbols with Units contained Custom Symbols along with the Units as used in this report. (The standard symbols and units are well- established and widely popular hence they mentioned inline wherever they used)

Table.7

[0057] [Table 7] Table 7: Coil wise Parameters of the used Electromagnet presenting coil wise Parameters of the used Electromagnet. The table is a smart table.

Table.8

[0058] [Table 8] Table 8: Parameters of the used RE strong Permanent Magnets is a smart table offering the Parameters of used RE strong Permanent Magnets. The table is a smart table.

Table.9

[0059] [Table 9] Table 9: Fractions of the Electromagnet covered specifications of all belongings of the electromagnet. Table.10

[0060] [Table 10] Table 10: Calculations of the Output calculated the output values, automatically. The table is a smart table.

Table.11

[0061] [Table 11] Table 11 : Schematic Diagram shown all used objects, electrical elements and the circuitry of this device.

A Description of Embodiments

[0062] THE CONSTITUENTS:

[0063] A portrayal featuring all requisite stuff and the construction method explicated here under. It suggested gathering and assorting all necessitated constituents at a handy place before to start working on it. Some elements and objects are simple and usable out of box where on few others needed less or more preparation and/or the assembling works.

[0064] HAND MADE CONSTITUENTS:

[0065] The Electromagnet, EM-Chamber, Adopters, Partition Disks, the Cylinders, Piston Shafts, Stabling Fitments, Mover Base, Sliding Mover Rubber Washers, Linkage bars, Holding Handle, Accelerator and the Wings were kind of some objects created from scratch for use of this machine. A Crank Wheel and A Flywheel made to order from a metal workshop.

[0066] MECHANICAL CONSTITUENTS:

[0067] Permanent Round bar Magnets, Fasteners of various sizes and shapes, Roller Casters, Bearings of different types, Yolks & Housings, Sleeves & Bushes, Plastic Container, Wooden Boards, Connecting Rod, Axle Rod, Tension Spring were some of the mechanical objects purchased from the markets.

[0068] ELECTRICAL CONSTITUENTS:

[0069] Given below are the electrical objects used for this apparatus. Fuses with Cases, Switches, Switchboard, Electric Wires, Terminal Blocks, LED Lamps, Resistors, Limit Switches, Diodes, Plug-in Connectors, Heat Sinks, Cooling Fans, Solid State Relays, Power Supply, Bicycle Computers, Digital Power Meters, RPM meters, Time totalizer, Digital Counter, Voltage to Frequency Converter, DC-DC Converters. [0070] STRUCTURE WORKS:

[0071] With collections of all required elements, segments and objects as listed above, its time now to start the structure and assembly works of different components as follow here.

[0072] Get a set of End-Disks (Fig.3D), electromagnet (Fig.SE), Adopters (Fig.3F) and EM-Chamber (Fig.3G) from the collection above. The prefix ‘EM’ stands for the Electromagnet. Place them at a handy place for future use. Put on a 0.25 mm red color sleeve over the beginning wire of the electromagnet’s lower coil and a yellow over that of the upper one.

[0073] In addition, pass on a green sleeve over the ending wire of the prior coil and a blue one over that of the later. Remove a bit of insulation from the edging of all four wires. Knot together the edges of the wires in red & yellow sleeves; also do the same for those in green & blue. As such, the coils connected in parallels. Place the electromagnet mid inside of the above EM-Chamber and affix it.

[0074] Instate one end-disk within the narrow gaping at each end of it. Drag out the pairing of the wires from an allotted space. Install the adopters at each ending. For testing purpose, connect the +ve knot with a pin (regardless of the polarity) of a push button switch and the -ve with the -ve terminal of a 9V battery. Connect the +ve terminal of it with another pin of the same switch.

[0075] Pass the electric current through the coils by switching-on the switch. Identify each pole with help of a compass. Assign a red mark for the North and a blue for the South Pole on the corresponding sides of the above finished component. It suggested taking care of each magnetic and electrical polarity, seriously.

[0076] Any Interchanges or mistakes would make the device unstable, work malfunction, stop functioning or damage one or more electrical elements or objects there in.

[0077] Take an 87 mm x 300 mm piece of plastic netting; wrap it around the perforated surface of the chamber. The entity such prepared called the Electromagnet Hub. Place it at a safe and handy place for future use.

[0078] Get a set of the Cylinders (Fig.40) and a pair of the Rubber Washers stored previously. Insert one end of a cylinder in deep of each 11/2' opening of the above Hub. Allow them to approach the end-disks existed inside. Affix the cylinders there on using 2 mm x 6 mm stainless steel screws. Get 40 mm (OD) x 26 mm (ID) x 10 mm (thick) two Rubber Rings. Slot them in deep of each barrel up to the end-disks.

[0079] Get a pair of the magnetic pistons attached with the shafts (Fig.4M). Hold one of them with a North front firmly and move it in to the cylinder marked red at snail’s pace with intense care. Do the same for another piece with a South front and slot it in to the cylinder marked blue. Beware of the severe damages caused by a strong hit against the iron core of the electromagnet due to fast insertion or lost of control. Let them be seated on the prefixed rubber washers.

[0080] Get a set of the Adopters (Fig.4N ), Pass them from bigger to smaller end over each abandoned shaft-tail, Cover each bare end of the cylinders with them, entirely. The object such prepared is called the Engine Module (Fig.5R). Install a piece of micro switch at the ending of right hand shaft. Connect its common pin to white wired +5V, the NO pin to the purple and NC to the orange one of the terminal block.

[0081] Place a specific ‘D’ shape clip over it to turn it a latching micro-switch. Get a pair of wings (Fig.5S) the element named such because of its wings like look, and not meant a flying object and put them over each side of the above-prepared Engine module (Fig.5R). The wings formed from 050 mm PVC pipe. The wings used to protect the extended lengths of the piston-shafts, linkage-bars and the attached micro switch from any external blows.

[0082] In addition, an accelerator (Fig.5T) attached at the inner wall of the right wing. The component such prepared called the Engine Component (Fig.5U) prepared ready for use now.

[0083] THE FRONT-UNIT

[0084] Obtain the stored Main-Board, Bottom Board and Rear Wall objects for use them for construction of the Front-Unit of the system. Start with the bottom board by placing ‘Frontage’ and ‘Reverse’ tags on each its longer arms. From frontage, put three consecutive marks at 13.2 mm, 14.7 mm and 23.3 mm on each smaller arm and draw straight lines to join them.

[0085] Get the main-board and elevate it vertically in between 13.2 and 14.7 mm rectangular space. Affix it there on the baseboard by placing corner fitments, two at front and two at back of the bottom. Label the vertical left arm as ‘Left’ and to the right arm as ‘Right’ from a frontier viewer’s eye.

[0086] Assign ‘Top’ & ‘Bottom’ marks at the centers of the top and bottom arms and adjoin them by drawing a center-line. Drill a 7.0 mm hole at a point 220 mm lower from the top center. Get two of the rectangular housings attached with ball bearings of OD 15 mm x ID 6 mm. Affix one at the frontage and another at rear of the cavity. Place additional two corner fitments just behind the 23.3 mm line facing reversely. Elevate and affix the Rear wall there on. Acquire the element named the Sliding- Mover Channel.

[0087] Place and attach it on the center-line at a point 350 mm below the top. Obtain the Engine Component (Fig.5S) worked earlier. Lay it down along the lapping of both frontier corner fitments, horizontally. Get two of the 40 mm x 40 mm x 20 mm rubber-blocks and put them underneath of both 65 mm x 40 mm adopters of the electromagnet hub to provide support. Get pieces of two 40 mm PVC wall-clips.

[0088] Place them surrounding each 40 mm cylinder and attach on the main-board. Acquire a rimmed flywheel of OD 320 mm x ID 270 mm x Thick 6 mm (ring thickness 18 mm) consist of an ID 6 mm x OD 15 mm bearing inner of its core cavity. Attach pieces of two round housings having similar bearings at each orifice centering inline the bearing in the cavity existed previously.

[0089] Get an 06 mm x long 180 mm steel bolt for use of an axle. Fasten an ID 6 mm x long 9 mm brass sleeve over it up to the head part of it. Insert it from back of the bearing of the rectangular housing placed at the frontage of the Rear Wall. Fasten an ID 6 mm x long 20 mm and ID 6 mm x long 9 mm two additional sleeves over the extracted part of it.

[0090] Fasten an ID 6 mm and thick 6 mm shaft bush along with an ID 6 mm x long 20 mm fourth sleeve next to the previous ones. Pick up the flywheel with all its stuff, firmly. Targeting all three bearings existed within the core cavity; pass the bare part of the axle rod through out them entirely. Fasten an ID 6 mm x long 9 mm fifth sleeve over the extorted part of it.

[0091] Let the remaining portion of it be entered in to the bearing of a housing placed at the rear of the Main Board and ousted from one placed at the frontage. Place two more sleeves of ID 6 mm x long 20 mm and ID 6 mm x long 9 mm over the expelled portion of it. Tighten a 6 mm hex nut at its threading. Get an OD 200 mm x Thick 6 mm Solid Crank Wheel with a center hole of 06 mm.

[0092] Let the leftover part of the threading go through it and tighten 6 mm two hex nuts there on to hold it tightly. Insert a lock pin in to the pinhole at the front-most for extended safety. Take a pair of 580 mm long linkage bars with 4.2 mm holes at both ends. Let the initial holes of the U ends of the linkages aligned to the primary bearings placed in the 4.2 mm holes at the edging of the piston shafts.

[0093] Pivot them there on by inserting an 04 mm x 20 mm machine screws and nuts. Pivot suitable holes on the ‘B’ sides of the linkages over the mover pin. Take a turnbuckle type connecting rod having rod-end bearings at each ends. Pivot one of them over the mover pin and another at the crank pin at frontage of the crank wheel. Tighten them there on with 4 mm double nuts assuring free moments.

[0094] Acquire pieces of two bicycle-computers. Place their tiny magnets at backs of each wheel. Install their sensors at a suitable place on the corresponding facades of the main-board with permissible gaps among them. Install the monitors at top right of the main-board. Install a piece of holding handle on top middle of the main-board, appropriately. The Front-Unit prepared and is ready for use now.

[0095] THE CONTROLLER

[0096] While completed the construction of the Front-Unit, its time to set up the Controller Unit. It possessed a Power Supply, Control entities, a commentator system, some wiring along with a few electrical elements & objects. A full plan presented in the Schematic Diagram Table 11 : Schematic Diagram. Obtain a piece of a plastic container used for preparing the Controller Unit.

[0097] Assign tags as Front-Wall, Left-Wall, Back-Wall and Right-Wall on each corresponding sides of it. In addition, put a label as ‘Top’ on the upper lid and the ‘Base’ at the inner bottom. The information enclosed within the Vertical Bars || here after revealed Reference fields of the schematic symbols. Obtain a piece of 220VAC 5A boat type SPDT twin (2-in-1 ) toggle switch |SW11 and place it at corner right (front viewed) of the right wall. Get a piece of 1 meter long wired wall plug | P 11.

[0098] Attach a pair of 5A fuses (F1 , F2) at the ends of it. Connect the succeeding ends to the input pins of the switch. In addition, place an LED lamp (D2) placed with a 150kO in serial resistor |R11 between both input pins of the switch. It used as an indicator showing fluency of the current while switched ON. Obtain a 220VAC to 5- 120VDC Power Supply | PSO11 and install it inside the container in parallel to the Back-wall.

[0099] Connect both AC input terminals of it with the out pins of the above switch. Get a piece of DPT3010 Digital Power Meter |MES11 and affix it at the lower right of the Top. Join the input pins of it with a pair of DC +ve and -ve out terminals of the power supply, appropriately.

[0100] Get pieces of two 12 & 5 VDC power-converting modules |U1 , U2| and join the input pins of them in parallel, extending the connections to the pair of another DC output terminal of the same power supply.

[0101] Install a piece of the Cooling Fan |M1 | at outside quarter of the Left Wall. Get a piece of PZEM-031 Power Meter |MES2| and place it above the DPT3010. Join the input pins of it with the output terminals of the 12VDC power-converting module. Obtain a triple-outlets switchboard plate and install it at the right half (front viewed) of the outer of the Front-wall.

[0102] Affix a boat type SPDT twin (2-in-1 ) toggle switch |SW2| at its left and two of the DPDT toggle switches |SW3|, |SW5| at mid and right outlets of it. Install a piece of 9Pin plug-in connector (female) |J1 | at upper quarter-left (front viewed) of the Right wall. The pins named per Pin-numbers and Wire-Color codes. More information about the pin numbers, wire-color codes, color names, voltages and the connections provided in the schematics diagram Table 1: Details of the Schematic Diagram.

[0103] Adjoin the circuitry as specified there in, accordingly. In addition affix a piece of 4PDT 12Pin 3Positions (E-SG-403) switch just below the 9Pin connector. The pin rows of it named by the vertical positions of the rows as 'a' being the row with very first 3 pins from left, ‘b’ is the second one, ‘c’ being the third and 'd' placed last. A row number positioned horizontally succeeded it by placing a slash mark.

[0104] The middle row assigned, as ‘i’ without commas, upper one being the ‘ii’ and the lower is ‘iii’ for-example a/i, a/ii, a/iii, b/i...c/ii, d/iii and so on. (Rear viewed, starting from left). The switch short termed as 4PDT here after. Get four of the 2x12 Terminal-Blocks (TB-1512L). Install them at quarter right of the Base and mark as TB-1 , TB-2, TB-3 & TB-4. Optionally, Mark the terminal rows, correctly.

[0105] Obtain an ICL8038 Monolithic Function Signal Generator Module |U3|, RPM Meter |MES4|, a Rotation Counter |MES3|, a Time Totalize |TTC1 |, a Push Button (miniature) |SW-b1 | and an ON-OFF Push Button |SW-b2| switch. Install them near by the power meters at the Top appropriately. Get a push button micro switch |SW4| and place it at right of the 4PDT.

[0106] Join RST (Reset) blue-wired pin BL-2 of the totalizer with PB1 of the nearby push button |SW-b11 switch. Join the PB2 of it to the black wired BK-3 of the totalizer extending to the -12V terminal. Connect the Pin a/ii of the 4PDT switch to +12V and Pin a/i to the yellow-wired YL-1 of the time totalizer |TTC11 extending it to PB-1 of a nearby ON-OFF push button switch |TTC1 |.

[0107] The black wired BK-3 of the totalizer connects to -12V directly. Join the RD-4 pin of the totalizer to another PB-2 of the same switch |SW-b2| extended to the +12V. Join the Pin b/i of the 4PDT with the orange-wired pin 4/OG and Pin B/ii of it with the control +C3 of the SSR-3. Connect the Pins 'c/i' and c/ii of the 4PDT along with the yellow-wired pin 2/YL of the 9Pin connector and the SPDT-B4 (Pin_4) of the SPDT- B |SW2| to +12V terminal of the PZEM-031 power Meter.

[0108] Connect -ve pin of the control unit Fan to -12V Terminal directly. The Pin d/ii of the 4PDT connects to the purple-wired pin 9/PL. The Pin d/i of the 4PDT connects to the pin MP-Com of the Micro Push Button switch placed at the Right-Wall of the controller. Connect the input +ve and GND pins of the RPM Meter to +ve and -ve of the +5V and -5V power-converting module, respectively.

[0109] Join yellow-wired frequency Pin RPM-f of it with the square wave Pin FG-f of the monolithic frequency generator. Connect +FG+ and -FG input pins of the frequency generator to the control +C1 and C1 terminals of the SSR-1 respectively also the ground pin FG-GND of it with the -5V directly. The pin 1/LG connected nowhere.

[0110] Connect the middle SPDT-B1 Pin (rear viewed) of the left SPDT switch |SW2| to +ve side of the controller’s fan. Connect the middle SPDT-B4 Pin of another SPDT | SW2| with the 2/YL extend to the Pin c/i of the 4PDT. Connect together both upper SPDT-B2 and SPDT-B5 Pins of the SPDT |SW2| along with the upper Pin c/ii of the 4PDT and +12V. In addition, connect together both lower SPDT-B3 and SPDT-B6 Pins of SPDT |SW2| along with pin 3/BL and -12V terminal directly.

[0111 ] THE COMMUTATOR SYSTEM

[0112] The commutator used for periodical reversals of the current flow. Obtain pieces of four Solid State Relays SSR-1 , SSR-2, SSR-3, SSR-4 |U4|, |U5|, |U6|, |U7| affixed on the heat sinks, individually. Install them at the left half of the Base with control sides of SSR-1 -SSR-2 also SSR-3-SSR-4 facing together. Connect the output +62 terminal of the DPT3010 Power Meter |MES1 | to +ve side of a 6A2R6 Diode |D1 | also the -ve side of the later to the 5-220 load side +L1 of the SSR-1 .

[0113] The -L1 of the SSR-1 connected to the lower left input DPST+Y1 +ve Pin (rearview) of the yellow color right hand (front viewed) DPST switch |SW3|. Join the output DPST-Y3 mid left +ve Pin of the same switch to the +ve side of another similar Diode |D2|. The -ve end of the diode connected to 5/RD. In addition, pin 6/BK connects to +ve side of a third Diode |D3|.

[0114] The ve side of this diode connected to the lower right DPST-Y2 input -ve Pin of the previous DPST switch |SW3|. The DPST-Y4 output -ve Pin of it joined the load side 5-220 VDC +L2 terminal of the SSR-2. The output -L2 of the same joined +ve side of a fourth 6A2R6 Diode |D4|. The -ve side of this diode connected to the -62V terminal, directly.

[0115] Connect the output +62 of the DPT3010 Power Meter |MES11 to +ve side of a fifth Diode |D5|. The -ve side of the diode joined the 5-220 VDC +L3 terminal of the SSR-3. The -L3 terminal of it (SSR-3) connected to the lower left input DPST-G1 +ve Pin (rear-view) of the Green color front right hand (front viewed) DPST switch | SW4|. The output DPST-G3 +ve Pin of the switch joined +ve side of a sixth Diode | D6|.

[0116] The -ve side of it connected to 6/BK. In addition, pin 5/RD connects to the +ve side of a seventh Diode |D7|. The -ve side of this diode connected to the input DPST-G3 -ve Pin for-example the lower-right pin of the same switch. The output DPST-G4 -ve Pin of it joined the 5-220 VDC +L4 terminal of the SSR-4. The output - L4 of it joined +ve side of an eighth Diode |D8|.

[0117] The -ve side of this diode connected to a -62 terminal, directly. The pin 8/WT joined +5V directly. The pin 9/PL connected to the upper Pin d/ii of the 4PDT. The middle Pin d/i joined MP-Com Pin of the Push Button switch. Pin TR+ of the total rotation counter joined -5V directly. Pin TR- of it joined control +C1 of the SSR-1 , MP-NC pin of the push button switch and RD-4 of the monolithic frequency generator.

[0118] The RD-4 and BK-3 of the monolithic frequency generator connected to the control side +C1 and -C1 of the SSR-1 , in parallel. The middle MP-NO pin of the push button switch connected to the control side +C3 pin of the SSR-3. (Take care of all polarities exactly as shown in the schematics diagram. If mistaken it may cause damage one or more elements or objects of the apparatus or make it malfunction.

[0119] In addition, obtain a 9pin plug-in connector (male) | J2| Picture 11 . Adjoin all nine pins of it with a terminal block installed at lower left of the Main-Board. Connect pin 1/LG of it nowhere. The pins 2/YL and 3/BL linked to the +ve and -ve points of in parallel connected cooling fans. Pin 4/OG joined ML-NC pin of the micro switch. The pins 5/RD & 6/BK joined +ve and -ve ends of the in-parallel connected coils of the electromagnet flowing a current of 62V 5A.

[0120] Another indicator lamp with a serially connected resister placed at the terminal block in between both above pins. 7/DG joined nowhere. The 8/WT pin connected to the ML-Com pin of the micro switch. Pin 9/PL connected with ML-NO pin of it. The micro switch held in a closed position by placing a particular D-shape latching clip over it.

[0121] THE TECHNOLOGY:

[0122] The constructions of the Front Unit and the Controller along with the structures of some elements, objects and components explained above, comprehensively. The principles & theory, operation, observation, analysis, results and the conclusion depicted under here.

[0123] SYMBOLS

[0124] Most of the symbols specified in line wherever they used in this report. Some of the derived symbols explained in the Table 6: Custom Symbols with Units.

[0125] OPERATING METHOD

[0126] The procedure to start and operate the device properly and safely explicated here under. Prior to move ahead, familiarize all elements, objects, components and the structure of the system carefully. Position the Controller at least half a meter apart from the Front-Unit at visitor left. Do not connect the device to the AC mains unless advised. In addition, put all switches in off state for now.

[0127] The system used 220VAC, 62VDC, 12VDC and 5VDC of the electricity with a current value up to 8Amp that is too high to kill if contacted. Undoubtedly, a DC current is also as dangerous as an AC one. Do not touch any of the metallic parts, objects, bare wires and open terminals of any unit while the system is active or in a connected state.

[0128] Keep the lid of the Controller be covered while plug in the device to the AC mains line. Avoid uncovering it at mid way or touching insiders until disconnected. In addition, do not touch fingers or try to stop any rotating parts (Wheels) with hands or an object other than the provided in built brake.

[0129] Make sure to unplug the system prior to stop them. Do not place any magnetic, metallic or the electronic objects nearby the front unit. It would attract them fast or make it stop working. Do not connect the male and female parts of the 9pin connectors of both units in prior. Get the provided System Test Kit and join its 9pin male connector with the 9pin female of the controller. While accomplished all necessary preparations obeying all above safety guidelines, plug-in the device to the 220VAC mains outlet.

[0130] A neon indicator lamp lighted up at top of the SPDT 3Pin (Twin) SPDT Switch. It indicated proficiency of the AC connection with the switch. Toggle both its actuators to allow the current passing through the system. It ignited a second lamp at lower of the switch. A meter attached on the power supply showed the values of the voltage and current. Both of the DPDT and the SPDT switches retained in an off state yet.

[0131] Connect the 9pin male connector of the Front Unit with its female counterpart existed at the controller. Make a test of the cooling fans by switching ON both SPDT switches. The cooling fan placed on the controller and at back of the electromagnet started to run. Lighting the LED lamps at the actuators of the related switches envisioned cooling fans worked properly.

[0132] Switch Off both SPDT switches to stop the fans. Turn on the 4PDT 12Pin switch for a further check of the circuitry of the control-unit. The LED lamp of cooling fans lighted up once again. Test all four solid-state-relays by pressing and releasing the push-button switch situated at the lower left of the Wall-3 observing the indicator lamps on the SSR.

[0133] Turn ON the first DPDT switch (front viewed right one). Lighting up of a second LED lamp envisioned a 62VDC current passed normally through the coils of the Electromagnet. Pressing and releasing the push-button switch make a red color LED indicator placed at the terminal block at lower left of the Front-Unit started blinking. Turn ON the second DPDT switch (the middle one).

[0134] Pressing the push-button switch lighted up a second one of the red color LED indicator at the same terminal block of the Front-Unit started blinking, as well. It envisioned the 62VDC current passed reversely through the coils. Pressing and releasing the push-button switch continually, blinked the LED lamps. Make all of the switches go off once again. Start the bicycle computers by pressing the start buttons of them.

[0135] It takes a few seconds to run the wheels in full speeds. All of the gadgets monitored real time usage data automatically. Take notes of them as necessitated. To stop the operations turn off the DPDT switches, first. Push down the break-lever placed at the holding handle slowly to stop the motion of the flywheel. Let the cooling fans continue to run at least 10 minutes to cool down the coils, completely.

[0136] Turn off all switches and disconnect the device from the AC Mains outlet. Open the lid of the control-unit then after, only.

Estimation of Stored Rotational Kinetic Energy

[0137] The estimation carried out through a Smart Table as well as manually. Please view the Table 4: Stored Rotational Kinetic Energy for smart estimation.

[0138] Formulae & Equation:

[0139] The outer & inner diameters along with the RPM values and the weights are just enough for the estimation of the kinetic energy stored on the flywheel. The observed data Processed, with help of the formulae & equations given below. Let KErot be the stored rotational kinetic energy. The outcomes received in joule/second converted to the power unit with 1 J/s = 1W.

[0140] Formula for Moment of Inertia (I)

2

[0141] Moment of Inertia I = Mr (Where in M is the Mass and r is the Average Radius)

0 5

Average Radius r = [(ro2 ⁺ 2)/2] (Where in ro is the Outer Radius and Tj’ being

0 5 2 the Inner one). Also r2= {[(/o2 + 2)/2] ' } OR 1/2(ro2 + H2) Substituting the values of r2 in the above formula

[0142] Formula for Angular Velocity

[0143] Angular Velocity = TT*RPMI30 (Where RPM is the Rotations per Minute) Formula for Rotational Kinetic Energy Rotational Kinetic Energy

2 KErot = 1/2*/*W Where in I is the Moment of Inertia for-example 1/2*/W*( ro2 + H2) and CJ is the Angular Velocity i.e. TT*RPM/30

Substituting the values in the above formula

[0144] MANUAL ESTIMATIONS OF ROTATIONAL KINETIC ENERGY

[0145] The manual estimation of the Rotational Kinetic Energy Stored by the flywheel carried on as under.

[0146] Formula to calculate Rotational Kinetic Energy of a rimmed flywheel:

2

KErot = 1/4*/W*(ro2 + rj2)*(TT*RPM/30) Available values: External 0 = 320 mm, Internal 0 = 270 mm, Mass = 4.460kg, RPM = 600 3.1416 Substituting the values in the above formula:

= 1/4 * 4.460 * (0.162 + 0.1352) * (3.1416 * 600/30) ²

= 1/4 * 4.460 * 0.043825 * 3947.860224 = 192.912 Joules/Second

Hence, KE _ro t = 192.912 * (1 Joules / Second) = 192.912W

Calculation of the Output

[0147] An electric current of periodically altered directions passed through the in-parallel coils of an electromagnet. A few measuring gadgets monitored the real-time usage Data and processed with help of the established physics formulae within a smart Table 10: Calculations of the Output.

[0148] The table is capable enough to process all features there in at once by changing just a single input value in Part-1 , Part-2 or in the cell C11 of Part-3. A value in else cells not recommended to change manually as they set to work automatically. (Subject to work in the ms word 2003 version only) [0149] ‘Part-1’ of the table possessed a few below Data related to the Permanent Magnets.

Remanence field Br = 1 .25T, diameter of the magnet D = 0.033 m, Height of the magnet h = 0.033 m, Radius of the magnet r = 0.0165 m, Cross section Area A =

2 2

0.00086 m , Conversion of kgf to g = 9.8 m/s , Distance from the pole surface z = 0.011 m.

[0150] ‘Part-2’ of the table contained some aspects related to the electromagnet.

Magneto motive force MMF = 26760 At, Cross section Area of the Iron Core A =

2

0.000125 m , Permeability of Air p ₀ = 0.00000126 H/m, Rotations per minute rpm = 600 rpm, Angular Velocity co = ( *rpm)/30 = 62.83 rad/s.

[0151] ‘Part-3’ placed with the gap-lengths from the pole surfaces of the permanent magnets in the cells C11 to C27. The magnetic field densities auto created in the cells D11 to D27. The cells D11-D27 contained below formula to calculate the magnetic field densities of a solo permanent magnet at the gap-L values shown in the cells C11-C27:

[0152] B _m = (Remanence field/2) * (((Height of the magnet + Distance from a pole face)

2

I ((Radius of the Magnet + (Height of the magnet + Distance from a pole

2 0 5 2 face) ) )) - (Distance from a pole face / (Radius of the Magnet + Distance from a

2 0 5 pole face ) )) The Equation Format of it is as follow here:

[0153] An example of the manual calculation for D11 cell of the Table 10 for the above syntax given here under: Bm =

2 2 0 5 2 2 0 5

1.25/2*{[0.033+0.011 )/((0.0165 +(0.033+0.011 ) ) ]-[0.011/(0.0165 +0.011 ) ]}

0.5 0.5

= 0.625*{[0.044/(0.00027225+0.001936) ]-[0.011/0.00039325 ]}

= 0.625*{[0.044/0.0469920206]-[0.011/0.019830532]}

= 0.625*{0.936329170-0.554700197} = 0.625*0.381628973 = 0.238518108 tesla

[0154] The forces of a single and paired permanent magnets appeared in the cells E11 to E27 and in F11 to F27, respectively.

[0155] The Part-4 embraced total forces of the electromagnet, which predicted to be exactly equal to that of the coupled permanent magnet. It copied from the cells F11- F27 to G11-G27. Ascertained physics formula used to calculate the gap-Lengths of the electromagnet in cells H11 and H27 of the table.

[0156] ‘Part-5’ an average gap-L of the permanent magnets in phase-1 put in the cell E29 and that of the phase-2 in E30.

[0157] ‘Part-6’ an average gap-L of the electromagnet in phase-1 put in the cell F29 and that of the phase-2 in F30.

[0158] ‘Part-7’ the electromagnet retained a steady position and did not move, at all. All assessed values displayed in the cells E32 to E38.

The cells E32 and E33 contained Forces of the permanent magnets at mid gap-L from their pole surfaces in Phase-1 and Phase-2.

The cells G32 and G33 contained Forces of the electromagnets at mid gap-L from their pole surfaces in each Phase-1 and Phase-2.

[0159] The cell I32 holds the total Forces of both the magnets at mid gap-Length from their pole surfaces in phase-1 and I33 that of in Phase-2, respectively.

The input value of the electromagnet brought forward in cell F34 from the cell D11 of the Table 7: Coil wise Parameters of the used Electromagnet.

As the contributions of both types of the magnets predicted exactly equal, it copied from F34 to D34 as well. A total of both participation placed in H34.

[0160] The permanent magnet pistons just moved with a gap-length value totaling the permanent and the electromagnet, the value placed as the Stroke lengths in the cells D35 and F35. An average of them created in the cell H35. The radius (i.e. half a values of the stroke) from the above strokes estimated in the cells D36 and F36 along with the average put in the cell H36. The pistons threw away from asides of the electromagnet projecting thrusts.

[0161] The strokes on both ends merged, diverted and transferred to a single mover pin moving it a distance of 0.021 m. As of the movements sent to a common track, they added together irrespective of their individual directions. The torques calculated by multiplying the forces and radius placed in the cell D37. Multiplying it with the angular velocity H7, presented the output power and placed in the cell F37 l.e. 126.1815W.

[0162] The Efficiency evaluated in the cell F38. It accomplished a full rotation going through both the phases. Continuation of the above process delivered a useful mechanical energy in form of the Reciprocating Motions, which converted in to a rotational motion by means of an attached crank and wheel mechanism.

The Results

[0163] The outcome posted in accordance with the actions in different steps. The facts estimated through either the Smart tables or manually as necessitated. Varied voltages 220VAC, 62VDC, 12VDC and 5VDC of the electricity with 0.010A-8A of current used to operate different aspects. A set of four diodes placed in line caused voltages drops of 4VDC Each.

[0164] The flow of current in a single direction just active at a time hence the voltage drops of 4V each need not to be added together. As such, the voltage of 58VDC just worked. The domestically occurred magnetic forces caused the intensification of the output potency. Due to the reason, the tech and the machine named as the ‘Magnetic to Mechanical Force Converter Co-input Engine’.

[0165] In alliance of the electrical energy, it outputted a mechanical energy in form of a reciprocating motion. The strokes on both sides diverted merged and transferred to a solo sliding mover pin. It converted in to a rotational motion with help of an affixed crank and wheel arrangement. An installed linkage system enhanced range of the strokes from the initial 0.0078 m to 0.020 m to work it properly.

[0166] It developed a Torque (for-example Force * Radius) of 2.0083 NM with a power (for-example Torque * Angular Velocity) value of 126.18W. Both participants contributed equally for-example 69.44W each. The average combined forces at the gap lengths from the pole surfaces of each rival found to be 514.96 N. The kinetic energy stored on a rotating Rimmed Flywheel resulted to a level of 192.84 J/s for a RPM value set to 600.

Conclusion

[0167] The machine ‘Magnetic to Mechanical Force Converter Co-input Engine’ fulfills all aspects of an Electrical Engine and a Magnetic Energy Converter along with Intensification of the power without violation of any rules.

Industrial Applicability

[0168] It opened doors of a prominent energy waiting for greater interests of the humanity. After a few enhancements, it would stand exclusively important for usage of a number of mechanisms like the electrical & hybrid vehicles, heavy machinery, high-speed trains, lift pumps, powerhouses, oceanic vessels, escalators, elevators, spacecrafts, and others by lowering their external energy demands significantly.

Citation List

Non Patent Literature

[0169] NPL1 :

Dann, J., & Dann, J. (2006). The People’s Physics Book (third ed., pp. 217).

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