JUUTINEN VESA (FI)
| 1. | A method of draining a fibre pulp suspension (3), in which method the fibre pulp suspension (3) is applied to a dewatering space (9) arranged be tween a first wire (1) and a second wire (2), water (11,12) and powdery sub stance are removed from the suspension in the dewatering space (9) through the wires (1,2) that travel in the same direction as the fibre pulp suspension (3), whereby the wires (1,2) are arranged to travel in such a manner that the dewatering space (9) converges from the pulp (3) feed end towards the dis charge end, and pressure pulses (13,14) are generated in the fibre pulp sus pension (3) along the length of the dewatering space (9) with pressure pulse elements (10; 1 Oa, 1 Ob) that are on opposite sides of the wires (1,2) relative to the fibre pulp suspension (3) and in contact with or at a distance from the wires (1,2), characterized by generating a pressure pulse (14) in the direc tion of the dewatering space (9) between the wires (1,2) with the pressure pulse element (10a) that is in contact with or at a distance from the first wire (1), and, simultaneously and at the same point relative to the travel direction of the wires (1,2), generating a suction pulse (13) for amplifying said pressure pulse (14) in the dewatering space (9) between the wires (1,2) with the pres sure pulse element (10b) that is in contact with or at a distance from the sec ond wire (2). |
| 2. | A method as claimed in claim 1, characterized by using a dewatering chamber with closed sides and inside of which the wires (1,2) are arranged to travel as the dewatering space (9). |
| 3. | Amethodasclaimedinclaim1 or2, characterized byus ing drainage foils generating both a positive and a negative pressure pulse (14,13) as the pressure pulse elements (10; 10a, 10b). |
| 4. | A method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, c h a r a c t e r i z e d by us ing rotating rolls generating both a positive and a negative pressure pulse (14, 13) as the pressure pulse elements (10; 10a, 10b). |
| 5. | A method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, c h a r a c t e r i z e d by us ing nonrotating rolls generating both a positive and a negative pressure pulse (14,13) as the pressure pulse elements (10; 10a, 10b). |
| 6. | Amethodasclaimedinclaim1 or2, characterized byus ing any pressure pulse elements that together simultaneously generate a posi tive and a negative pressure pulse (14,13) as the pressure pulse elements (10; 10a, 10b). |
| 7. | A method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized by generating the pressure pulse (14) directed to the dewatering space (9) and thereafter the immediatelyoccurring pressure pulse (13) directed away from the dewatering space using different pressure pulse elements (10; 10a, 10b). |
| 8. | An apparatus for draining a fibre pulp suspension (3), the appara tus comprising a dewatering space (9) that is defined by a first wire (1) and a second wire (2) travelling in its longitudinal direction and to whose one end the fibre pulp suspension (3) is applied and, correspondingly, the fibre pulp sus pension (3) is discharged from a second end in such a manner that water (11, 12) is removed from the fibre pulp suspension (3) in the dewatering space (9), the dewatering space (9) being arranged between the wires (1,2), and water (11,12) and powdery substance are removed through both wires (1,2), and that it comprises elements (10; 10a, 10b) for generating pressure pulses (13, 14) in the fibre pulp suspension (3) while it is in the dewatering space (9), characterized in that at least one pressure pulse element (10a) is ar ranged at the first wire (1) such that this pressure pulse element (10a) gener ates a pressure pulse (14) in the dewatering space between the wires and that at least one pressure pulse element (10b) is arranged at the second wire (2) such that the pressure pulse element (10b) generates a suction pulse (13) for amplifying said pressure pulse (14) in the dewatering space (9) between the wires (1,2), simultaneously and at the same point relative to the travel direc tion of the wires (1,2). |
| 9. | An apparatus as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that the dewatering space (9) is a dewatering chamber with closed sides, inside of which the wires (1,2) are arranged to travel. |
| 10. | An apparatus as claimed in claim 8 or 9, characterized in that it includes drainage foils generating both a positive and a negative pressure pulse (14,13) as the pressure pulse elements (10; 10a, 10b). |
| 11. | An apparatus as claimed in claim 8 or 9, characterized in that it includes rotating rolls generating both a positive and a negative pres sure pulse (14,13) as the pressure pulse elements. |
| 12. | An apparatus as claimed in claim 8 or 9, characterized in that it includes nonrotating rolls generating both a positive and a negative pressure pulse (14,13) as the pressure pulse elements (10; 10a, 10b). |
| 13. | An apparatus as claimed in claim 8 or 9, characterized in that it includes any pressure pulse elements (10; 10a, 10b) that together generate simultaneously a positive and a negative pressure pulse (14,13). |
| 14. | An apparatus as claimed in claim 8 or 9, characterized in that it includes separate pressure pulse elements (10; 10a, 10b) for generat ing the pressure pulse directed to the dewatering space and the immediately thereafteroccurring pressure pulse (14,13) that is directed away from the de watering space. |
[0002] The present invention also relates to an apparatus for drain- ing a fibre pulp suspension, the apparatus comprising a dewatering space that is defined by a first wire and a second wire travelling in its longitudinal direction and to whose one end the fibre pulp suspension is applied and, correspond- ingly, the fibre pulp suspension is discharged from a second end in such a manner that water is removed from the fibre pulp suspension in the dewatering space, the dewatering space being arranged between the wires, and water and powdery substance are removed through both wires, and that it comprises elements for generating pressure pulses in the fibre pulp suspension while it is in the dewatering space.
[0003] In known solutions, the fibre pulp suspension is led after the feeder chamber of the former to the former for dewatering of the fibre pulp suspension, whereby a fibre web is formed from the fibre pulp suspension in the former. The former typically comprises an upper and lower wire, a fibre pulp suspension jet being directed from the feeder chamber to the roll gap formed by the upper and lower wires. In the former, water is typically removed by recovering the water drained upwards through the wire by means of doctor blades or drainage foils. Under the lower wire is arranged a so-called forming shoe composed of for instance two separately adjustable suction chambers by means of which water is removed downwards. Against the wire, transversely to its travel direction, the forming shoe comprises drainage foils for enhancing the dewatering. The weakness of such a foil former is low dewatering capacity,
which is caused by the limited capability of the dewatering elements to remove water through the wires and by the premature drainage of the fibre mat on the surface of the wires caused by the dewatering elements, whereby water is pre- vented from passing through the wires. For this reason, at the start, the dewa- tering has to be carried out extremely carefully to prevent premature drainage, and thus the dewatering area of the former has to be quite long. This makes the former large and, consequently, expensive and bulky.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a very effi- cient and well working former with none of the above drawbacks.
[0005] The method of the invention is characterized by generating a pressure pulse in the direction of the dewatering space between the wires with the pressure pulse element that is in contact with or at a distance from the first wire, and, simultaneously and at the same point relative to the travel direction of the wires, generating a suction pulse for amplifying said pressure pulse in the dewatering space between the wires with the pressure pulse element that is in contact with or at a distance from the second wire.
[0006] The apparatus of the invention is characterized in that at least one pressure pulse element is arranged at the first wire such that this pressure pulse element generates a pressure pulse in the dewatering space between the wires and that at least one pressure pulse element is arranged at the second wire such that the pressure pulse element generates a suction pulse for amplifying said pressure pulse in the dewatering space between the wires, simultaneously and at the same point relative to the travel direction of the wires.
[0007] The essential idea of the invention is to feed the fibre pulp suspension from the formed feeder chamber between two wires, pressure pulse elements in contact with or at a distance from them generating a pres- sure pulse in the direction of the dewatering space between the wires such that when the pressure pulse element in contact with the first wire generates a pressure pulse in the direction of the dewatering space between the wires, the pressure pulse element in contact with the second wire generates a suction pulse for amplifying said pressure pulse in the dewatering space between the wires, simultaneously and at the same point relative to the travel direction of the wires.
[0008] Furthermore, the essential idea of a solution according to an
embodiment of the invention is to apply the fibre pulp suspension to a dewater- ing chamber that has closed sides and through which the wires travel, so that a convergent dewatering space forms between them.
[0009] The idea of a solution of yet another embodiment of the in- vention is to generate the pressure pulse directed to the dewatering space and the immediately thereafter-occurring pressure pulse that is directed away from the dewatering space with different pressure pulse elements, so that together they simultaneously achieve pressure pulses that amplify each other and are directed to the dewatering space.
[0010] An advantage of the invention is that, in this way, the dewa- tering capability of the dewatering elements is substantially better because of their combined effect, which prevents the premature creation of a tight fibre mat on the surface of the wires.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES [0011] The invention is described in detail in the attached drawings, wherein Figure 1 is a schematic sectional side view in the travel direction of the wires of an embodiment of a prior art former, Figures 2a, 2b, and 2c are schematic sectional side views in the travel direction of the wires of an embodiment of a former of the invention, Figure 3 is a closer schematic sectional side view in the travel direc- tion of the wires of the pressure pulse elements of an apparatus suitable for implementing the method of the invention, Figures 4a and 4b are schematic sectional side views in the travel direction of the wires of the pressure pulse elements arranged in an apparatus of the invention, and Figure 5 schematically shows the test results obtained with an ap- paratus of the invention.
[0012] In the figures, the invention is presented in a simplified man- ner for the sake of clarity. In the figures, like reference numbers denote like parts.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [0013] Figure 1 is a schematic sectional side view in the travel direction of the wires of an embodiment of a prior art former. The figure shows a first wire 1, which loops around guide rolls 1a. It also shows a second wire 2,
which similarly loops as a closed loop around a hitch roll 8 and guide rolls 2a, and supported by which fibre pulp suspension 3 is conveyed in the web form- ing section while being dewatered. In the figure, arrows 4 schematically show the discharge of water. A jet from a feeder chamber 5 is applied to a space be- tween the first wire 1 and the second wire 2, whereby the fibre pulp suspen- sion 3 is drained in a dewatering space 9 in both directions. Drainage foils 6 under the second wire 2 are used to press the wires against suction boxes 7 on the side of the first wire 1, whereby pressure pulses are generated in the web and water 4 is removed to the side of the first wire 1 by means of motion energy and the vacuum in the suction boxes 7. The water 4 is discharged to the side of the second wire 2 by means of the vacuum provided by the drain- age foils 6.
[0014] Figures 2a, 2b, and 2c are schematic sectional side views in the travel direction of the wires of an embodiment of a former of the invention.
Figure 2a shows a first wire 1 looping as a closed loop around guide rolls 1 a. It also shows a second wire 2, which similarly loops as a closed loop around a hitch roll 8 and guide rolls 2a. The number and location of guide rolls may be any suitable, which is generally known per se and self-evident to a person skilled in the art. A convergent dewatering space 9 forms between the wires 1 and 2, into which a fibre pulp suspension jet 3 is applied from a feeder cham- ber 5. On both sides of the dewatering space 9, against the outer surface of the wires 1 and 2, are pressure pulse elements 10, via which water is dis- charged from the fibre pulp suspension 3 in the dewatering space 9 in the manner schematically shown by arrows 11 and 12. Figure 2b shows a sec- tional side view of a second embodiment of a former of the invention, where the surfaces of the convergent dewatering space 9 on the side of the wires 1 and 2 are curved relative to the travel direction of the wires. Figure 2c shows a third embodiment of a former of the invention, where the surface of the con- vergent dewatering space 9 on the side of the first wire 1 is straight relative to the travel direction of the wires, the surface on the second wire 2 being curved.
[0015] Figure 3 is a closer schematic sectional side view in the travel direction of the wires of the pressure pulse elements of an apparatus suitable for implementing the method of the invention. The figure shows a first wire 1 and a second wire 2, between which forms a convergent dewatering space 9 into which a fibre pulp suspension jet 3 is applied from a feeder chamber. The figure does not show the feeder chamber. On both sides of the
dewatering space 9, against the outer surface of the wires 1 and 2, are pres- sure pulse elements 10a and 10b, which generate pressure pulses in the de- watering space 9 in the manner schematically shown by arrows 13 and 14.
The pressure pulse elements 10a and 10b are arranged against the outer sur- faces of the wires 1 and 2 on both sides of the dewatering space 9 such that when the pressure pulse element 10a in contact with the first wire 1 generates a pressure pulse 14 in the direction of the dewatering space 9 between the wires, the pressure pulse being called a positive pressure pulse in the present invention, then, simultaneously, the pressure pulse element 10b in contact with the second 2 wire generates a suction pulse 13 that amplifies said pressure pulse 14 in the dewatering space 9, such a pressure pulse being called a negative pressure pulse in the present invention. The pressure pulse is gener- ated because filtered water on the outer surface of the wire, having penetrated the wire, but being carried with it, hits the front surface of the pressure pulse element in contact with the outer surface of the wire. The front surface of the pressure pulse element is preferably shaped such that the surface guides the water to return to the dewatering space between the wires. The generation of a pressure pulse by a pressure pulse element is a well-known phenomenon to a person skilled in the art, and self-evident to the skilled artisan, and is not de- scribed in detail herein. The pressure pulses 13 and 14 generate local draws in the draining fibre pulp suspension 3, which draws produce shear forces that fi- berize fibre flocks in the fibre pulp suspension 3 and thus cause turbulence in the dewatering space 9 between the wires 1 and 2. This turbulence prevents the fibre mat from being drained onto the surface of the wires 1 and 2, and since less fibre is drained on the surface of the wires 1 and 2, the discharge of water increases from the dewatering space 9 through the wires 1 and 2. In the figure, the discharge of water through the wires is schematically shown by ar- rows 11 and 12.
[0016] Figures 4a and 4b are schematic sectional side views in the travel direction of the wires of the pressure pulse elements arranged in an ap- paratus of the invention. The figures show a first wire 1 and a second wire 2, between which forms a dewatering space 9 into which the fibre pulp suspen- sion 3 is applied. On both sides of the dewatering space 9, against the outer surface of the wires 1 and 2, are pressure pulse elements 10, via which water is discharged from the fibre pulp suspension 3 in the dewatering space 9 in the manner schematically shown by arrows 11 and 12. It is essential to the pres-
sure pulse elements 10 used in the apparatus of the invention that the pres- sure pulse element 10 generates at least two pressure pulses that amplify each other, one of them being directed to the dewatering space 9 between the wires 1 and 2, and the other being directed away from the dewatering space 9.
[0017] Figure 5 schematically shows the test results obtained with an apparatus of the invention. In the figure, the feed output obtained with an apparatus A of the invention is compared with a prior art B apparatus as a function of wire speed. As Figure 5 shows, as wire speed increases, the feed output also increases, i. e. the amount of fibre pulp suspension treated with the former, i. e. former capacity increases with the apparatus of the invention up to as much as one and a half times compared with the capacity of a prior art ap- paratus. This shows that, compared with prior art apparatuses, the apparatus of the invention is extremely efficient.
[0018] In the above description and in the drawings, the invention is described only by way of example and it is in no way restricted to it, but the scope of protection is as defined in the claims.
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