Description

The present invention relates to the use of the compound of formula I for controlling inverte- brate pests, arthropods, especially insects and arachnids, (spider) mites and/or nematodes.

The present invention relates to a method of controlling crop pests by seed treatment applica- tion of the compound of formula I or mixture thereof.

The present invention relates to the use of the compound of formula I for controlling crop pests by seed treatment methods.

The present invention relates to the use of the compound of formula I for controlling soil living crop pests by seed treatment method.

The present invention also relates to the use of the compound of formula I in seed treatment for protecting seeds from the attack of storage pests.

Invertebrate pests, arthropods and nematodes, and in particular insects and arachnids, de- stroy growing and harvested crops and attack wooden dwelling and commercial structures, thereby causing large economic loss to the food supply and to property. While a large number of pesticidal agents are known, due to the ability of target pests to develop resistance to said agents, there is an ongoing need for new agents for combating invertebrate pests such as in- sects, arachnids and nematodes.

Invertebrate pests, including insects and arachnids, and es-pecially spider mites, and nema- todes, are often controlled and combated by applying an effective amount of a suitable pesticide compound, e.g. by drenching, drip application, foliar application, dip application or soil injection. The pesticidal compounds may further be applied as a solid or liquid composition, e.g. such as a dust or granule formulation comprising an inert carrier, e.g. such as clay. Methods of soil ap- plication can suffer from several problems as the pesticidal compounds are not always especial- ly suitable for being applied by different soil application methods such as by drenching, drip ap- plication, dip application or soil injection. Their pesticidal activity may be affected in some cases.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide compounds having a good pesti- cidal activity and a good applicability in techniques of seed treatment against a large number of different invertebrate pests, which are difficult to control.

Some pesticide compositions may also have potential for leaching. Therefore, care must be taken to minimize both surface and ground water contamination. Moreover, the effectiveness of the pesticide may vary depending on environmental conditions - e.g. properly timed rain is needed for the successful functioning of the chemistry in the soil, but too much rain may reduce the effectiveness and may cause leaching.

It is therefore also an object of the present invention to provide compositions which are suita- ble for combating pests and which overcome the problems associated with the known tech- niques. In particular the compositions should be applicable easily and provide a long-lasting action on pests.

Another of the problems the farmer is faced with in this context is, that attack of storage pests on seeds while seeds are stored. Many times seeds including treated seeds are stored before sowing and such seeds are susceptible to attack by pests called storage pests. It is therefore a further object of the present invention to provide compounds which solve the problems of protection of the protection of seeds from the storage pests.

Another of the problems the farmer is faced with in this context is, that seeds and plant roots and shoots are constantly threatened by foliar and soil insects and other pests.

Thus a further difficulty in relation to the use of such seed protection pesticides is that the re- peated and exclusive application of an individual pesticidal compound leads also here in many cases to a rapid selection of soil pests, which have developed natural or adapted resistance against the active compound in question. Therefore, there is a need for seed protection agents that help prevent or overcome resistance.

It is therefore a further object of the present invention to provide compounds which solve the problems of protection of the seeds and growing plants, reducing the dosage rate, enhancing the spectrum of activity and/or to manage pest resistance.

The present invention therefore also provides methods for the protection of plant propara- gation material, especially seeds, from soil insects and of the resulting plant's roots and shoots from soil and foliar insects.

The invention also relates to plant proparagation material, especially seeds, which are protect- ed from soil and foliar insects.

It is therefore especially an object of the present invention to provide methods of application, which are suitable for combating soil-living pests

The present invention is further also based on the surprising finding that the compound of for- mula I or the compound of formula I with enantiomeric excess of compound l-R-1 or the corn- pound l-R-1 (as defined hereinbelow), or mixtures thereof, can be successfully used to control populations of arthropods, in particular insects, and more particular insects from the order He- miptera, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera or Diptera, and also insects from the order Thysanoptera or Homoptera, by seed treatment method.

The present invention is further also based on the surprising finding that the compound of for- mula I or the compound of formula I with enantiomeric excess of compound l-R-1 or the corn- pound l-R-1 (as defined hereinbelow), or mixtures thereof, can be successfully used to control pests of Soybean, Corn, Canola, Cereals, Sugarbeet, Cotton, Peanut, and Potato, by seed treatment method.

Surprisingly, it has now been found that the compound of formula (I) of the present invention

Cl

or the tautomers, enantiomers, diastereomers or salts thereof, is highly suitable for methods for controlling and/or combating insects, acarids and/or nema- todes, and especially spider mites, by seed treatment methods. It has further been found, that mixtures of the compound of formula (I) with other agriculturally active ingredients, such as insecticdes or fungicides, are especially suitable for the purpose of seed treatment.

The compound of formula (I) are present in two enantiomeric forms l-R-1 and l-S-1 as shown below

Cl Cl

The compound of formula (I), is present in mesoionic forms. These forms may be expressed in different isoelectronic formulae, each having the formal positive and negative charges on differ- ent atoms (as shown below). The present invention extends to all representative isoelectronic structures of compounds of formula I.

The compounds of the formula l-R-1 and l-S-1 are also present in mesoionic forms analogus to the compound of formula I as shown above.

The invention relates to a method, in which the compound of formula (I) itself and its stereoiso- mers, salts, enantiomers or N-oxides, especially its enantiomers, and it mixtures.

The term“non-racemic compound of formula (I)” refers to the compound of formula (I) wherein its R- and S- enantiomers are not present in equal amount.

The term“racemic compound of formula (I)” refers to the compound of formula (I) wherein its R- and S- enantiomers are present in equal amount.

The term“Enantiomeric excess” indicates the excess of an enantiomer in a mixture of enantio- mers, and is calculated according to the following formula:

ee = [ | mi - m ₂ 1 / (mi + m2)] * 100%

ee\ enantiomeric excess m-i: fraction of enantiomer 1

m ₂ : fraction of enantiomer 2

As used herein and unless otherwise stated, the term“enantiomer” means each individual op- tically active form of a compound of the invention.

The term "with enantiomeric excess" as used herein refers to a mixture of enantiomers where- in the enantiomer with respect to which the term with“enantiomeric excess” used is present in enantiomeric excees compared to other enantiomer, preferably in an amount of at least 60%, preferably at least 80%, more preferably at least 95%, most preferably at least 98% of the mix- ture of enantiomers. For example the term“compound of formula I with enantiomeric excess of compound l-R-1” referes to compound of formula I wherein the compound l-R-1 is present in enantiomeric excess amount compared to the compound l-S-1 , preferably in an amount of at least 60%, preferably at least 80%, more preferably at least 95%, most preferably at least 98%.

Mesoionic compounds of formula I showing generally pesticidal activity have been described previously. WO2014167084 describes compounds of formula I, their preparation and their use as pest control agents.

However, their surprisingly excellent applicability in seed treatment methods, , especially in combination with other agricultural active ingredients have not been described previously.

The compound of formula I according to the invention can be prepared as described in

WO2014/167084. The preparation of the compounds of formula (I) above may lead to them be- ing obtained as isomer mixtures. If desired, these can be resolved by the methods customary for this purpose, such as crystallization or chromatography, also on optically active adsorbate, to give the pure isomers.

Agronomically acceptable salts of the compounds I can be formed in a customary manner, e.g. by reaction with an acid of the anion in question.

Moreover, the present invention relates to and includes the following embodiments:

- use of the compound of formula (I) or the compound of formula I with enantiomeric excess of compound l-R-1 or the compound l-R-1 , for protecting a plant selected from soybean, corn, canola, cereals, sugarbeet, cotton, peanut, and potato, the plant propagation material thereof, against the attack or infestation by invertebrate pests and phytopathogens, by seed treatment method

- compositions comprising the compound of formula (I) or the compound of formula I with en- antiomeric excess of compound l-R-1 or the compound l-R-1 , for use in controlling crop pests, especially soybean, corn, canola, cereals, sugarbeet, cotton, peanut, or potato pest inverte- brates, by seed treatment method;

- a method for controlling or combating soybean, corn, canola, cereals, sugarbeet, cotton, peanut, or potato pest invertebrates, infestation, or infection by pest invertebrates, which meth- od comprises applying said pest or its food supply, habitat or breeding grounds with a pesti- cidally effective amount of compound of formula (I) or the compound of formula I with enantio- meric excess of compound l-R-1 or the compound l-R-1 , as defined above or a composition thereof, by seed treatment method;

- a method for protecting plant or plant propagation material of soybean, corn, canola, cereals, sugarbeet, cotton, peanut, and potato, from attack or infestation by insects, comprising contact- ing the seed of the plant, with compound of formula (I) as defined above or a composition com- prising compound of formula (I) or the compound of formula I with enantiomeric excess of corn- pound l-R-1 or the compound l-R-1 , as defined above or a composition thereof;

- seed of soybean, corn, canola, cereals, sugarbeet, cotton, peanut, or potato plant treated with the compound of formula (I) or the compound of formula I with enantiomeric excess of compound l-R-1 or the compound l-R-1 , as defined above or a composition thereof;

- seed of soybean, corn, canola, cereals, sugarbeet, cotton, peanut, or potato plant comprising the compound of formula (I) or the compound of formula I with enantiomeric excess of corn- pound l-R-1 or the compound l-R-1 , as defined above or a composition thereof;

- a composition comprising seed of soybean, corn, canola, cereals, sugarbeet, cotton, peanut, or potato plant, and the compound of formula (I) or the compound of formula I with enantiomeric excess of compound l-R-1 or the compound l-R-1 ;

- a method for protecting seeds from the attack of storage pest invertebrates, which method comprises applying the seeds with a pesticidally effective amount of compound of formula (I) or the compound of formula I with enantiomeric excess of compound l-R-1 or the compound l-R-1 , as defined above, or a composition thereof;

- A method of treating seeds of soybean, corn, canola, cereals, sugarbeet, cotton, peanut, or potato plants, to protect them from pests, which comprises applying seeds a pesticidally effec- tive amount of compound of formula (I) or the compound of formula I with enantiomeric excess of compound l-R-1 or the compound l-R-1 , as defined above, or a composition thereof.

In one embodiment of the invention, the compound of formula I is non-racemic;

In one embodiment of the invention, the compound of formula I is the compound l-R-1 ;

In one embodiment of the invention, the compounds of formula (I) refer to the compound of formula (I) with enantiomeric excess of the compound l-R-1 ;

In one embodiment of the invention, the compounds of formula (I) refer to the compound of formula (I) with enantiomeric excess of at least 55% of the compound l-R-1 ;

In another embodiment of the invention, the compounds of formula (I) refer to the compound of formula (I) with enantiomeric excess of at least 60% of the compound l-R-1 ;

In another embodiment of the invention, the compounds of formula (I) refer to the compound of formula (I) with enantiomeric excess of at least 65% of the compound l-R-1 ;

In another embodiment of the invention, the compounds of formula (I) refer to the compound of formula (I) with enantiomeric excess of at least 70% of the compound l-R-1 ;

In another embodiment of the invention, the compounds of formula (I) refer to the compound of formula (I) with enantiomeric excess of at least 75% of the compound l-R-1 ;

In another embodiment of the invention, the compounds of formula (I) refer to the compound of formula (I) with enantiomeric excess of at least 80% of the compound l-R-1 ;

In another embodiment of the invention, the compounds of formula (I) refer to the compound of formula (I) with enantiomeric excess of at least 85% of the compound l-R-1 ;

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the compounds of formula (I) refer to the corn- pound of formula (I) with enantiomeric excess of at least 90% of the compound l-R-1 ;

In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the compounds of formula (I) refer to the compound of formula (I) with enantiomeric excess of at least 95% of the compound l-R-1 ;

In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the compounds of formula (I) refer to the compound of formula (I) with enantiomeric excess of at least 98% of the compound l-R-1 ; In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the compounds of formula (I) refer to the compound of formula (I) with enantiomeric excess of at least 99% of the compound l-R-1 ;

In one embodiment of the invention, the compounds of formula (I) refer to the compound of formula (I) with enantiomeric excess of the compound l-R-1 , wherein the compound l-R-1 is present in an amount from >55% to £100% and the compound l-S-1 is present in an amount from <45% to ³0%;

In another embodiment of the invention, the compounds of formula (I) refer to the compound of formula (I) with enantiomeric excess of the compound l-R-1 , wherein the the compound l-R-1 is present in an amount from >60% to £100% and the compound l-S-1 is present in an amount from <40% to ³0%;

In another embodiment of the invention, the compounds of formula (I) refer to the compound of formula (I) with enantiomeric excess of the compound l-R-1 , wherein the the compound l-R-1 is present in an amount from >65% to £100% and the compound l-S-1 is present in an amount from <35% to ³0%;

In another embodiment of the invention, the compounds of formula (I) refer to the compound of formula (I) with enantiomeric excess of the compound l-R-1 , wherein the the compound l-R-1 is present in an amount from >70% to £100% and the compound l-S-1 is present in an amount from <30% to ³0%;

In another embodiment of the invention, the compounds of formula (I) refer to the compound of formula (I) with enantiomeric excess of the compound l-R-1 , wherein the the compound l-R-1 is present in an amount from >75% to £100% and the compound l-S-1 is present in an amount from <25% to ³0%;

In another embodiment of the invention, the compounds of formula (I) refer to the compound of formula (I) with enantiomeric excess of the compound l-R-1 , wherein the the compound l-R-1 is present in an amount from >80% to £100% and the compound l-S-1 is present in an amount from <20% to ³0%;

In another embodiment of the invention, the compounds of formula (I) refer to the compound of formula (I) with enantiomeric excess of the compound l-R-1 , wherein the the compound l-R-1 is present in an amount from >85% to £100% and the compound l-S-1 is present in an amount from <15% to ³0%;

In another embodiment of the invention, the compounds of formula (I) refer to the compound of formula (I) with enantiomeric excess of the compound l-R-1 , wherein the the compound l-R-1 is present in an amount from >90% to £100% and the compound l-S-1 is present in an amount from <10% to ³0%;

In another embodiment of the invention, the compounds of formula (I) refer to the compound of formula (I) with enantiomeric excess of the compound l-R-1 , wherein the the compound l-R-1 is present in an amount from >95% to £100% and the compound l-S-1 is present in an amount from <5% to ³0%;

In another embodiment of the invention, the compounds of formula (I) refer to the compound of formula (I) with enantiomeric excess of the compound l-R-1 , wherein the the compound l-R-1 is present in an amount from >98% to £100%, preferably ³99% to £100%, and the compound l-S- 1 is present in an amount from <2% to ³0%, preferably £1 % to ³0%; The“compound of formula I”,“compound I”, "compound of formula l-R-1 or“compound of formula I with enantiomeric excess of compound l-R-1 ", and the terms "compound(s) for meth- ods according to the (present) invention", "compound(s) according to the (present) invention" or which all compound(s) are applied in methods and uses according to the present invention comprise any of the compound(s) as defined herein as well as a known stereoisomer, salt, tau- tomer or N-oxide thereof (including a polymorphic crystalline form, a co-crystal or a solvate of a compound or a stereoisomer, salt, tautomer or N-oxide thereof).

Preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below,

In one preferred embodiment of the invention, the plants/crops are selected from soybean, corn, canola, cereals, sugarbeet, cotton, peanut, and potato;

In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the seeds are of soybean, corn, canola, ce- reals, sugarbeet, cotton, peanut, or potato, plants;

In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the plant or seeds are of corn, canola, cere- als, sugarbeet, cotton, peanut, or potato;

In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the plant or seeds are of soybean, canola, cereals, sugarbeet, cotton, peanut, or potato;

In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the plant or seeds are of soybean, corn, ce- reals, sugarbeet, cotton, peanut, or potato;

In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the plant or seeds are of soybean, corn, can- ola, sugarbeet, cotton, peanut, or potato;

In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the plant or seeds are of soybean, corn, can- ola, cereals, cotton, peanut, or potato;

In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the plant or seeds are of soybean, corn, can- ola, cereals, sugarbeet, peanut, or potato;

In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the plant or seeds are of soybean, corn, can- ola, cereals, sugarbeet, cotton, or potato;

In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the plant or seeds are of soybean, corn, can- ola, cereals, sugarbeet, cotton, or peanut;

In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the plant or seed is of soybean;

In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the plant or seed is of corn;

In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the plant or seed is of canola;

In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the plant or seed is of cereals;

In one preferred embodiment of the invention, the cereal is wheat or barley;

In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the plant or seed is of sugarbeet;

In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the plant or seed is of cotton;

In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the plant or seed is of peanut;

In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the plant or seed is of potato;

In the context of this invention, pest invertebrates are the pests which occur in soybean, corn, canola, cereals, sugarbeet, cotton, peanut, or potato. The pest invertebrates include insects, acarids and nematodes, preferably insects. Pest invertebrates, which are well-known in soy- bean, corn, canola, cereals, sugarbeet, cotton, peanut, and potato, include but are not limited to the following species: Athaiia rosae, Autographia californica, Brevicoryne brassicae, Ceutorhynchus sp such as Ceu- torhynchus assimi/is, Ceutorhynchus napi, Ceutorhynchus obstrictus, Ceutorhynchus paWdacty- tus, Ceutorhynchus picitarsis, Ceutorhynchus quadridens, Contarinia nasturtii, Dasineura bras sicae, Delia brassicae, Dicestra trifoii, Entomosceiis americana, Lygus spp., Lygus hesperus, Lygus iineoiaris, Mamestra sp such as Mamestra configurate, Mamestra oieracea; Meiigethes sp such as Meiigethes aeneus, Meiigethes viridescens; Phyiiotreta sp such as Phyiiotreta cruci- ferae, Phyiiotreta memorum, Phyiiotreta unduiata, Phyiiotreta diademata, Phyiiotreta spp., Phy iiotreta strioiata; Phytomyza rufipes, Pieris sp., Piuteiia xyiosteiia, Psyiiiodes sp such as Psyiiio- des chrysocephaia, Psyiiiodes punctuiate; Agromyza parvicornis, Agrotis sp such as Agrotis ipsi/on, Agrotis orthogonia, Agrotis segetum, Agrotis munda, Agrotis subterranean; Agrius con volvuli, Anaphothrips obscrurus, Anuraphis maidiradicis, Athetis spp., B/issus ieucopterus, Car- posina niponensis, Carposina sasakii, Chaetocnema puiicaria, Chi/o suppressa/is, Conoderus, Aeoius s ., Contarinia sorghicoia, Coieophora spp, Cyciocephaia borealis, Cyciocephaia im- macuiata, Diabrotica sp such as Diabrotica iongicornis barberi, Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi, Diabrotica virgifera, Diabrotica undecimpunctata, Diabrotica speciosa; Diatraea gran- dioseiia, Diatraea saccharaiis, Eiasmopaipus sp such as Eiasmopaipus iignose/ius; Feitia subte- rranea, Heiicoverpa s such as Heiicoverpa armigera, Heiicoverpa zea, Heiicoverpa punctigera; Hyiemya piatura, Meianopius femurrubrum, Meianopius sanguinipes, Meianotuss ., Mythimna separata, Ostrinia sp such as Ostrinia furnacaiis, Ostrinia nubiiaiis; Ouiema sp such as Ouiema meianopus; Pectinophora spp, Phyiiophaga crinita, Eieodes, PopiHia japonica, Porthesia scinti- iians, Rhopaiosiphum sp such as Rhopaiosiphum maidis, Rhopaiosiphum rufabdominaie, Rho- paiosiphum padi, Rhopaiosiphum rufiabdominaiis; Pseudaietia spp, Pseudaietia unipuncta, Se- samia nonagrioides, Sipha fiava, So/enopsis mi/esta, Chiio parteiius, Sphenophorus maidis, Spodoptera sp such as Spodoptera frugiperda, Spodoptera exigua, Spodoptera litura, Spodop- tera praefica, Spodoptera ornithogaiii, Spodoptera eridania; Tetranychus sp such as Te- tranychus cinnabarinus, Tetranychus urticae, Tetranychus turkestani, Tetranychus pacificus; Tryporyza incertuias, Aceria tuiipae, Acrosternum hiiare, Anchastus spp., Bothyrus gibbosus, Cephus cinctus, Cyiindrocupturus adspersus, Diuraphis sp, Diuraphis noxia, Euschistus servus, Euschistus spp., Frankiinieiia sp such as Frankiinieiia fusca, Frankiinieiia occidentaiis, Frankii- nieiia bispinosa; Heterodera a venae, Homoeosoma eiecteiium, Hyiemya coarctata, Hypera punctata, irbisia spp., Jyiemya piatura, Limonius spp. such as Limonius canus, Limonius caii- fornicus, Macrosiphum sp such as Macrosiphum avenae, Macrosiphum euphorbiae; Mayetioia sp such as Mayetioia destructor; Meianopius differentiaiis, Meianopius feurrubrum, Meianopius spp., Meromyza americana, Metopoiophium dirhodum, Mythimna unipuncta, Neoiasioptera murtfeidtiana, Oiigonychus pratensis, Penthaieus major, Petrobia iatens, Schizaphis sp, Schi- zaphis graminum, Sitobion avenae, Sitodipiosis moseiiana, Smicronyx fu/us, Smicronyx sor- didus, Su/eima heiianthana, Tipuia spp., Zygogramma exciamationis, Adeiphocoris iineoiatus, Adeiphocoris sutura/is, Alabama argiiacea, Aicidodes affaber, Amrasca sp such as Amrasca biguttuia, Amrasca devastans, Anomis fiava, Anthonomus sp such as Anthonomus grandis; Aphis sp such as Aphis gossypii, Aphis glycines, Aphis craccivora, Aphis fabae, Aphis frangu- iae, Aphis nasturtii, Aphis spiraecoia; Apoiygus iucorum, Atactogaster finitimus, Autographa californica, Biapstinus spp., Buccuiatrix ioxoptera, Buccuiatrix thurberieiia, Caiiothrips fasciatus, Chiorochroa sayi, Chrysodeixis sp such as Chrysodeixis inciudens, Chrysodeixis erisoma, Compylomma Hvida, Creontiades spp., Delia p/atura, Dysdercus sp such as Dysdercus koenigii, Dysdercus spp.; Earias sp such as Earias insulana; Empoasca spp, Empoasca fabae, Empoas- ca solaria, Empoasca devastans, Estigmene acrea, Euschistus conspersus, Euschistus impicti- ventris, Franklinkiella fusca, Franklinkiella occidentalis, Gryllus spp., He/iothis virescens, Hopto- laimus co/umbus, Liriomyza spp., Metoidogyne spp., Microtermes obesi, Nysius raphanus, Odontotermes obesus, Onycarenus /aetus, Pectinophora gossypiella, Pempheru/us affinis, Pe- ridroma saucia, Phenacoccus so/enopsis, P/atynota stu/tana, PseudatomosceHs seriatus, Roty- lenchu/us reniformis, Scirtothrips dorsalis, Spi/osoma obiiqua, Syiepta derogate, Tarache otabi- lis, Thrips sp, Thrips tabaci, Trachea notabiiis, Triaieurodes abutilonea, Trichopiusia ni, Udea profundaiis, Anticarsia sp such as Anticarsia gemmataiis, Aristoteiia reseosuffuseka, Caiomycte- rus seta ri us, Cerotoma trifurcate, Colas pis brunnea, Colas pis crinnicornis, Colas pis fiavida, Co- iias eurytheme, Cyciocephaia iurida, Dectes texanus, Diabratica baiteata, Diabratica undecim- punctata howardi, Diabratica undecimpunctata, Epargyreus ciarus, Epicauta funebris, Epicauta pennsyivanica, Epicauta vittata, Epiiachna varivestis, Euschistus heros, Haiticus bractatus, Haiyomorpha sp such as Haiyomorpha haiys; Heiocoverpa zea, Heterodera glycines, Heterode- ra spp., Hypena scabra, Myzus sp such as Myzus persicae, Myzus ascaionicus, Myzus ornatus; Naupactus (=Graphognathus) spp, Odontota horni, Papaipema nebris, Phyiiophaga rugosa, Piezodorus sp such as Piezodorus guiidinir, Piathypena scabra, Podisus macuioventris, Pseu- dopiusia inciudens, Riveiiia quadrifasciata, Sericothrips variabiiis, Spi/osoma virginica, Spissis- ti/us festinus, Spp of Alydidae, Strigoderma arboricoia, Thyanta custator, Vanessa cardui, ORT : Gryllidae, ORT: Acrididae, ORT: Gryllotalpidae, Austroasca alfalfa, Austroasca viridigrisea, Be- misia sp such as Bemisia tabaci, Bemisia argentifoiii; Conoderus scissus, Etieiia behrii, Hete- ronyx piceus, Lepidiota spp, Leucania stenographia, Mythimna spp., Metoidogyne arenaria, Naupactus leucoloma, Pangaeus bitineatus (Say), Parap/onobia spp., COLTenebrionidae, COLEiateridae, COL.Scarabeidae, HET:Myridae, Acizzia solanicola, Agriotes spp., Agriotes iineatus, Agriotes obscurus, Amphimallon solstitial is, Au/acorthum circumfiexum, Au/acorthum sdani, Bactericerasp such as Bactericera nigricornis, Bactericera cockerellt, Circutifer tenne/us, Epitrix sp such as Epitrix hirtipennis, Epitrix fuscuia; Nezara s such as Nezara viriduta, Diapho- rina citrii, Liriomyza sp such as Liriomyza trifotii, Liriomyza sativae, , He/iothis zea, HenosepH ^' a- chna vigintioctomaculata, Holotrichia sp such as Hdotrichia odita, Hdotrichia consanguinea; Leptinotarsa sp such as Leptinotarsa decemiineata; Ctenicera pruinina, Macroste/es fascifrons, Metoidogyne hapta, Metoidogyne chitwoodi, Metoidogyne incognita, Monomorium pharaonic, Pemphigus sp., Phthorimaea spp, Phthorimaea operculella, Pratyienchus penetrans, Pratyien- chus negtectus, Paratrichodorus s p . , Rhopatosiphoninus tatysiphon, Russet Han a solanicola Tuthiii, Smynthurodes betae, Triaieurodes vaporariorum, Achyra rantatis, A to maria linearis, Au- tographa gamma, Bianiutus guttu/atus, Cassida nebuiosa L, Cassida nobiiis (L.) (Col., Chryso- melidae), Chaetocnema tibialis, Circutifer tene/tus, Disonycha triangularis, Epitrix cucumeris, Epitrix tuberis, Euxoa auxi Haris, Euxoa nigricans, Heterodera schachtii, Loxostege cereratis, Loxostege stictica/is, Metoidogyne javanica, Metoidogyne arenaria, Metoidogyne hapta, Me- ioidogyne chitwoodi, Onychiurus spp, Pegomyia betae, Pemphigus popuiivenae (betae), Pies- ma quadratum, Aproaerema modicetta, Datbutus sp such as Datbutus maidis ; Dichetops sp. Such as Dichetops metacanthus, Dichetops furcatus; Systena btanda, COL: Bruchidae, COL: Dermestidae, Acanthoscetides obtectus, Acarus siro, Bruchidius atrdineatus, Bruchus atoma- rius, Bruchus dentipes, Bruchus /entis Frol, Bruchus pisorum, Bruchus rufipes, Callosobruchus chinensis, Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius), Callosobruchus subinnotatus, Callosobruchus theobromae, Cryptdestes ferrugineus, Ephestia elutella, Ephestia kuehniella, OryzaephHus Mercator, OryzaephHus surinamensis, Palorus depressus, Plodia interpunctella, Prostephanus truncatus (Horn), Rhizopertha dominica, SitophHus gran a rius (L), S /top hi/us oryzae (L.)

(= Ca/andra oryzae L.), SitophHus spp., SitophHus zeamais Motsch. (= Ca/andra zeamais Motsch .), Sitotroga cerealella, Tribolium destructor, Tribolium madens, Tenebrio mol i tor L, and Tribolium confusum;

In one embodiment, the pest invertebrate is a biting/chewing insect.

In another embodiment, the pest invertebrate is a piercing/sucking insect.

In another embodiment, the pest invertebrate is a rasping insect.

In another embodiment, the pest invertebrate is a siphoning insect.

In another embodiment, the pest invertebrate is a sponging insect.

In another embodiment of the invention, the pests are AthaHa rosae, Autographia californica, Brevicoryne brassicae, Ceutorhynchus sp such as Ceutorhynchus assim/iis, Ceutorhynchus napi, Ceutorhynchus obstrictus, Ceutorhynchus pallidactylus, Ceutorhynchus picitarsis, Ceutor hynchus quadridens, Contarinia nasturtii, Dasineura brassicae, Delia brassicae, Dicestra trifoii, Entomosceiis americana, Lygus spp., Lygus hesperus, Lygus Hneoiaris, Mamestra sp such as Mamestra configurata, Mamestra oieracea; Meiigethes sp such as Meiigethes aeneus, Meiiget- hes vi ride seen s; Phyllotreta sp such as Phyllotreta cruci ferae, Phyllotreta memorum, Phyllotreta unduiata, Phyllotreta diademata, Phyllotreta spp., Phyllotreta striotata; Phytomyza rufipes, Pieris sp., Plutella xyiosteiia, Psyiiiodes sp such as Psyiiiodes chrysocephaia, PsyHiodes punctuiate; Agromyza parvicornis, Agrotis sp such as Agrotis ipsi/on, Agrotis orthogonia, Agrotis segetum, Agrotis munda, Agrotis subterranean; Agrius convolvuli, Anaphothrips obscrurus, Anuraphis maidiradicis, Athetis s ., B/issus ieucopterus, Carposina niponensis, Carposina sasakii, Chae- tocnema puiicaria, Chi/o suppressa/is, Conoderus, A eo/us spp., Contarinia sorghieda, Coieop- hora spp, Cyciocephaia borealis, Cyciocephaia immacuiata, Diabrotica sp such as Diabrotica longicornis barberi, Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi, Diabrotica virgifera, Diabrotica unde- cimpunctata, Diabrotica speciosa; Diatraea grandioseiia, Diatraea saccharaiis, Dicheiops meia- canthus, Eiasmopaipus sp such as Eiasmopaipus Hgnose/ius; Feitia subterranea, Heiicoverpa sp such as Heiicoverpa armigera, Heiicoverpa zea, Heiicoverpa punctigera; Hyiemya piatura, Meianopius femurrubrum, Meianopius sanguinipes, Meianotus s ., Mythimna separata, Ostri- nia sp such as Ostrinia furnacaiis, Ostrinia nubiiaiis; Ouiema sp such as Ouiema meianopus; Pectinophora spp, Phyiiophaga crinita, Eieodes, PopHiia japonica, Porthesia scintHians, Rhopa- iosiphum sp such as Rhopaiosiphum maidis, Rhopaiosiphum rufabdominaie, Rhopaiosiphum padi, Rhopaiosiphum rufiabdominaiis; Pseudaietia spp, Pseudaietia unipuncta, Sesamia nona- grioides, Sipha fiava, So/enopsis mi testa, Chiio parte! I us, Sphenophorus maidis, Spodoptera sp such as Spodoptera frugiperda, Spodoptera exigua, Spodoptera litura, Spodoptera praefica, Spodoptera ornithogalli, Spodoptera eridania; Tetranychus sp such as Tetranychus cinnaba- rinus, Tetranychus urticae, Tetranychus turkestani, Tetranychus pacificus; Tryporyza incertulas, Aceria tulipae, Acrosternum hiiare, Anchastus spp., Bothyrus gibbosus, Cephus cinctus, Cy/in- drocupturus adspersus, Diuraphis sp, Diuraphis noxia, Euschistus servus, Euschistus spp., Frankliniella sp such as Frankliniella fusca, Frankliniella occidenta!is, Frankliniella bispinosa; Heterodera a venae, Homoeosoma electellum, Hylemya coarctata, Hypera punctata, trbisia spp., Jytemya ptatura, Limonius spp. such as Limonius canus, Limonius caiifornicus, Macrosip- hum sp such as Macrosiphum a venae, Macrosiphum euphorbiae; Mayetio/a sp such as Ma- yetio/a destructor; Melanoplus differentialis, Melanoplus feurrubrum, Meta noplus spp., Mero- myza americana, Metopotophium dirhodum, Mythimna unipuncta, Neo/asioptera murtfe/dtiana, OHgonychus pratensis, Pentha/eus major, Petrobia tatens, Schizaphis sp, Schizaphis grami- num, Sitobion a venae, Sitodi ptosis mosellana, Smicronyx fu/us, Smicronyx sordidus, Su/eima heiianthana, Tipuia spp., Zygogramma exciamationis, Adeiphocoris iineoiatus, Adeiphocoris sutura/is, Alabama argiiacea, Aicidodes affaber, Amrasca sp such as Amrasca biguttuia, Am- rasca devastans, Anomis Hava, Anthonomus sp such as Anthonomus grandis; Aphis sp such as Aphis gossypii, Aphis glycines, Aphis craccivora, Aphis fabae, Aphis franguiae, Aphis nasturtii, Aphis spiraecoia; Apoiygus iucorum, Atactogaster finitimus, Autographa caiifornica, Biapstinus spp., Buccuiatrix ioxoptera, Buccuiatrix thurberieiia, Caiiothrips fasciatus, Chiorochroa sayi, Chrysodeixis sp such as Chrysodeixis include ns, Chrysodeixis erisoma,, Compyiomma livid a, Creontiades spp., Delia piatura, Dysdercus sp such as Dysdercus koenigii, Dysdercus spp.; Earias sp such as Earias insuiana; Empoasca spp, Empoasca fabae, Empoasca soiana, Em- poasca devastans, Estigmene acrea, Euschistus conspersus, Euschistus impictiventris, Fran klin kieiia fusca, Frankiinkieiia occidentaiis, Gryiius spp., He/iothis virescens, Hopioiaimus co- iumbus, Liriomyza spp., Meioidogyne spp., Microtermes obesi, Nysius raphanus, Odontotermes obesus, Onycarenus iaetus, Pectinophora gossypieiia, Pempheruius affinis, Peridroma saucia, Phenacoccus so/enopsis, P/atynota stuitana, Pseudatomosceiis seriatus, Rotyienchuius reni- formis, Scirtothrips dorsalis, Spi/osoma obiiqua, Syiepta derogate, Tarache otabiiis, Thrips sp, Thrips tabaci, Trachea notabiiis, Triaieurodes abutiionea, Trichopiusia ni, Udea profundaiis, An- ticarsia sp such as Anticarsia gemmataiis, Aristoteiia reseosuffuseiia, Caiomycterus setarius, Cerotoma trifurcate, Colas pis brunnea, Colas pis crinnicornis, Colas pis fiavida, Coiias eurythe- me, Cyciocephaia iurida, Dectes texanus, Diabratica baiteata, Diabratica undecimpunctata ho- wardi, Diabratica undecimpunctata, Epargyreus ciarus, Epicauta funebris, Epicauta Pennsylva nia, Epicauta vittata, Epiiachna varivestis, Euschistus heros, Haiticus bractatus, Haiyomorpha sp such as Haiyomorpha haiys; Heiocoverpa zea, Heterodera glycines, Heterodera spp., Hype- na scabra, Myzus sp such as Myzus persicae, Myzus ascaionicus, Myzus ornatus; Naupactus (= Graphognathus) spp, Odontota horni, Papaipema nebris, Phyiiophaga rugosa, Piezodorus sp such as Piezodorus guild in it, Piathypena scabra, Pod is us macuioventris, Pseudop/usia inciu- dens, Riveiiia quadrifasciata, Sericothrips variabiiis, Spi/osoma virginica, Spissisti/us festinus, Spp of Alydidae, Strigoderma arboricoia, Thyanta cu stator, Vanessa cardui, ORT : Gryllidae, ORT: Acrididae, ORT: Gryllotalpidae, Austroasca alfalfa, Austroasca viridigrisea, Bemisia sp such as Bemisia tabaci, Bemisia argentifoiii; Conoderus scissus, Etieiia behrii, Hete- ronyx piceus, Lepidiota spp, Leucania stenographia, Mythimna spp., Meioidogyne arenaria, Naupactus ieucoioma, Pangaeus biiineatus (Say), Parapionobia spp., COLTenebrionidae, COLEiateridae, COL.Scarabeidae, HET:Myridae, Acizzia soianicoia, Agriotes spp., Agriotes Hneatus, Agriotes obscurus, Amphimaiion solstitial is, Auiacorthum circumfiexum, Auiacorthum soiani, Bactericerasp such as Bactericera nigricornis, Bactericera cockereiH, Circuiifer tenne/us, Epitrix sp such as Epitrix hirtipennis, Epitrix fuscuia; Nezara sp such as Nezara viriduia, Diapho- rina citrii, Liriomyza sp such as Liriomyza trifoiii, Liriomyza sativae, , He/iothis zea, Henosepiia- chna vigintioctomaculata, Holotrichia sp such as Holotrichia oblita, Holotrichia consanguinea; Leptinotarsa sp such as Leptinotarsa decemlineata; Ctenicera pruinina, Macrosteles fascifrons, Meloidogyne hapla, Meloidogyne chitwoodi, Meloidogyne incognita, Monomorium pharaonic, Pemphigus sp., Phthorimaea spp, Phthorimaea opercuieiia, Pratyienchus penetrans, Pratyien- chus negiectus, Paratrichodorus s p . , Rhopaiosiphoninus iatysiphon, Russellian a solan icoia Tuthiii, Smynthurodes betae, Triaieurodes vaporariorum, Achyra rantaiis, A to maria linearis, Au- tographa gamma, Bianiuius guttu/atus, Cassida nebuiosa L, Cassida nob His (L.) (Col., Chryso- melidae), Chaetocnema tibialis, Circuiifer tene/ius, Disonycha triangularis, Epitrix cucumeris, Epitrix tuberis, Euxoa auxi Haris, Euxoa nigricans, Heterodera schachtii, Loxostege cereraiis, Loxostege stictica/is, Meloidogyne javanica, Meloidogyne arenaria, Meloidogyne hapia, Me loidogyne chitwoodi, Onychiurus spp, Pegomyia betae, Pemphigus popuiivenae (betae), Pies- ma quadratum, Aproaerema modiceiia, Daibuius sp such as Daibuius maidis ; Dicheiops sp. Such as Dicheiops meiacanthus, Dicheiops furcatus;, and Systena bianda.

In another embodiment of the invention, the pests are selected from Phyiiotreta sp, Psyiiiodes sp, Meiigethes sp, Ceutorhynchus sp, Mamestra sp., Diabrotica sp, Ostrinia sp, Eiasmopaipus sp, Daibuius maidis, Spodoptera sp, Agrotis sp, Tetranychus sp, Limonius sp, Ag notes sp, Me- tanotus sp, Mayetioia sp, Rhopaiosiphum sp, Schizaphis sp, Diuraphis sp, Ouiema sp, Pseuda- ietia sp, Anthonomus sp, Pectinophora sp, Heiicoverpa sp , Earias sp, Aphis gossypi, Bemisia sp, , Dysdercus sp, Amrasca sp, Lygus sp, Thrips sp, Frankiinieiia sp, Haiyomorpha sp, Piezo- dorus sp, Nezara sp, Dicheiops meiacanthus, Dicheiops furcatus, Anticarsia sp, Chrysodeixis inc/udens, Chrysodeixis eriosoma, Leptinotarsa sp, Empoasca sp, Pysiiids, Bactericera sp, Myzus sp, Macrosiphum sp, Aphis sp, Phthorimaea sp, Liriomyza trifoiii, Liriomyza sativae, Aproaerema modiceiia, and Holotrichia consanguinea,

In another embodiment of the invention, the pests are selcected from COL: Bruchidae, COL: Dermestidae, Acanthosceiides obtectus, Acarus siro, Bruchidius atroiineatus, Bruchus atoma- rius, Bruchus dentipes, Bruchus ientis Froi, Bruchus pisorum, Bruchus rufipes, Caiiosobruchus chinensis, Caiiosobruchus macula tus (Fabricius), Caiiosobruchus subinnotatus, Caiiosobruchus theobromae, Cryptoiestes ferrugineus, Ephestia eiuteiia, Ephestia kuehnieiia, Oryzaephiius Mercator, Oryzaephiius surinamensis, Paiorus depressus, Phthorimaea opercuieiia, Piodia in- terpuncteiia, Prostephanus truncatus (Horn), Rhizopertha dominica, Sitophi/us granarius (L.), Sitophiius oryzae (L.) (= Caiandra oryzae L.), Sitophi/us spp., Sitophiius zeamais Motsch.

(= Caiandra zeamais Motsch.), Sitotroga cereaieiia, Triboiium destructor, Triboiium madens, Tenebrio moiitorL, and Triboiium confusum;

In another preferred embodiment of the invention the pests are selected from Bruchussp, Cal- losobruchus sp, Ephestia sp, Piodia sp, Sitophiius sp, Rhizopertha sp, and Triboiium sp;

In one embodiment of the invention, the plant or seed is of corn and the pests are selected from Agromyza parvicornis, Agrotis ipsi/on, Agrius convolvuli, Anaphothrips obscrurus,

Anuraphis maidiradicis, Athetis spp., B/issus ieucopterus, Carposina niponensis, Carposina sa- sakii, Chaetocnema puiicaria, Chi/o suppressa/is, Conoderus, Aeoius spp., Contarinia sorghico- ia, Coieophora spp, Cyciocephaia borealis, Cyciocephaia immacuiata, Daibuius sp, Diabrotica iongicornis barberi, Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi, Diabrotica virgifera, Diatraea grandio- se/ia, Diatraea saccharaiis, Dicheiops meiacanthus, Eiasmopaipus iignose/ius, Feitia subterra- nea, Heiicoverpa armigera, Heiicoverpa zea, Hyiemya piatura, Meianopius femurrubrum, Meia- noplus sanguinipes, Melanotus spp., Mythimna separata, Ostrinia furnacalis, Ostrinia nubilalis, Oulema melanopus, Pectinophora spp, Phyllophaga crinita, Eleodes, PopiHia japonica, Porthe- sia scintillans, Rhopalosiphum maidis, Rhopalosiphum maidis, Pseudaletia unipuncta, Sesamia nonagrioides, Sipha f/ava, So/enopsis milesta, Chi to parte! I us, Sphenophorus maidis, Spodopte- ra frugiperda, Spodoptera exigua, Spodoptera litura, Tetranychus cinnabarinus, Tetranychus urticae, and Tryporyza incertdas, preferrably the pest is Diche/ops me/acanthus;

In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the plant or seed is of corn and the pest are selected from Diabrotica sp, Ostrinia sp, Eiasmopa/pus sp, corn Dalbulus sp, Spodoptera sp, Agrotis sp, Tetranychus sp, and Diche/ops me/acanthus; more preferrably the pest is Diche/ops me/acanthus;

In another embodiment of the invention, the plant or seed is of cereal and the pests are selec- ted from Aceria tu/ipae, Acrosternum hiiare, Aeolus sp., Agrotis ipsi/on, Agrotis orthogonia, An- chastus spp., B/issus /eucopterus, Bothyrus gibbosus, Cephus cinctus, CyHndrocupturus adspersus, Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi, Diuraphis noxia, Elasmopalpus Hg nosell us, Euschistus servus, Euschistus spp., Frankliniella fusca, Heterodera a venae, Homoeosoma electellum, Hyiemya coarctata, Hypera punctata, irbisia spp., Jy/emya p/atura, Limonius spp., Macrosiphum a venae, Mayetida destructor, Melanoplus differentialis, Melanoplus feu rru brum, Melanoplus sanguinipes, Melanoplus spp., Melanotus spp., Meromyza americana, Metopdop- hium dirhodum, Mythimna unipuncta, Nedasioptera murtfe/dtiana, OUgonychus pratensis, Os trinia nubilalis, Oulema melanopus, Pentha/eus major, Petrobia latens, Pseudaletia spp, Pseu daletia unipunctata, Rhopalosiphum maidis, Rhopalosiphum rufabdomina/e, Schizaphis grami- num, Sitobion a venae, Sitodip/osis mosellana, Smicronyx fu/us, Smicronyx sordid us, Spodopte ra frugiperda, Spodoptera praefica, Su/eima he/ianthana, Tipu/a spp., or Zygogramma exclama tion isAceri a t ipae, Acrosternum hiiare, Aeolus sp., Agrotis ipsi/on, Agrotis orthogonia, Anchas- tus spp., Bliss us i eucopterus , Bothyrus gibbosus, Cephus cinctus, CyHndrocupturus adspersus, Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi, Diuraphis noxia, Elasmopalpus lignosellus, Euschistus servus, Euschistus spp., Frankliniella fusca, Heterodera a venae, Homoeosoma electellum, Hy- iemya coarctata, Hypera punctata, irbisia spp., Jy/emya p/atura, Limonius spp., Macrosiphum a venae, Mayetida destructor, Melanoplus differentialis, Melanoplus feu rru brum, Melanoplus sanguinipes, Melanoplus spp., Melanotus spp., Meromyza americana, Metopdophium dirho dum, Mythimna unipuncta, Nedasioptera murtfe/dtiana, OUgonychus pratensis, Ostrinia nubila lis, Oulema melanopus, Pentha/eus major, Petrobia latens, Pseudaletia spp, Pseudaletia uni punctata, Rhopalosiphum maidis, Rhopalosiphum rufabdomina/e, Schizaphis graminum, Sito bion a venae, Sitodip/osis mosellana, Smicronyx fu/us, Smicronyx sordid us, Spodoptera fru giperda, Spodoptera praefica, and Su/eima he/ianthana; preferrably the pest is Frankliniella fus ca or Rhopalosiphum padi;

In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the plant or seed is of cereal and the pest are selected from Limonius s , Frankliniella fusca, Agriotes sp, Melanotus sp, Mayetida sp, Rhopha/osiphum sp, Schizaphis sp, Diuraphis sp, Oulema sp, Pseudaletia sp, Limonius sp, Agriotes sp, Melanotus sp, Mayetida sp, Rhopha/osiphum sp, Schizaphis sp, Diuraphis sp, Oulema sp and Pseudaletia sp; / more preferrably the pest is Frankliniella fusca or Rhopalosip hum padi; In another embodiment of the invention, the plant or seed is of wheat and the pests are selec- ted from Aceria tulipae, Acrosternum hilare, Aeolus sp., Agrotis ipsilon, Agrotis orthogonia, An- chastus spp., B/lssus leucopterus, Bothyrus gibbosus, Cephus cinctus, Cylindrocupturus adspersus, Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi, Diuraphis noxia, Elasmopalpus lignose/lus, Euschistus servus, Euschistus spp., Frankliniella fusca, Heterodera avenae, Homoeosoma electellum, Hylemya coarctata, Hypera punctata, Irbisia spp., Jylemya platura, Limonius spp., Macrosiphum avenae, Mayetioia destructor, Melanoplus differentialis, Melanoplus feu rru brum, Melanoplus sanguinipes, Melanoplus spp., Melanotus spp., Meromyza americana, Metopoiop- hium dirhodum, Mythimna unipuncta, Nedasioptera murtfeldtiana, OHgonychus pratensis, Os- trinia nubilalis, Ou/ema melanopus, Penthaleus major, Petrobia latens, Pseudaletia spp, Pseu- daletia unipunctata, Rhopalosiphum maidis, Rhopalosiphum rufabdominale, Schizaphis grami- num, Sitobion avenae, Sitodi ptosis mosellana, Smicronyx fu/us, Smicronyx sordid us, Spodopte- ra frugiperda, Spodoptera praefica, Su/eima hetianthana, Tiputa spp., and Zygogramma excia- mationis; preferrady the pest is Frankliniella fusca

In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the plant or seed is of wheat and the pest are selected from Limonius s , Frankliniella fusca, Agriotes sp, Melanotus sp, Mayetida sp, Rhopha/osiphum sp, Schizaphis sp, Diuraphis sp, Ou/ema sp and Pseudaletia sp; more prefe- rrably the pest is Frankliniella fusca;

In another embodiment of the invention, the plant or seed is of barely and the pests are selec- ted from Acrosternum hiiare, Aeolus sp., Agrotis ipsilon, Anchastus spp., B/issus leucopterus leucopterus, Diuraphis noxia, Euschistus servus, Euschistus spp., Heterodera avenae, irbisia spp., Jylemya platura, Limonius spp., Mayetida destructor, Melanoplus spp., Melanotus spp., Meromyza Americana, Metopdophium dirhodum, Mythimna unipuncta, OHgonychus pratensis, Ostrinia nubilalis, Penthaleus major, Petrobia latens, Pseudaletia spp, Rhopalosiphum maidis, Rhopalosiphum rufabdominale, Rhopalosiphum padi, Schizaphis graminum, Sitobion avenae, Spodoptera praefica, and Tipu/a spp.; preferrady the pest is Rhopalosiphum padi;

In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the plant or seed is of barley and the pest are selected from Limonius sp, Agriotes sp, Melanotus sp, Mayetida sp, Rhopha/osiphum sp, Schizaphis sp, Diuraphis sp, Ou/ema sp, and Pseudaletia sp; more preferrably the pest is Rho palosiphum padi;

In another embodiment of the invention, the plant or seed is of canola and the pests are selec- ted from Agrotis ipsilon, Athaiia rosae, Autographia caiifornica, Brevicoryne brassicae, Ceutor- hynchus assimi/is, Ceutorhynchus napi, Ceutorhynchus obstrictus, Ceutorhynchus paiiidactyius, Ceutorhynchus picitarsis, Ceutorhynchus quadridens, Contarinia nasturtii, Dasineura brassicae, Delia brassicae, Dicestra trifdi, Entomosceiis americana, Lygus spp., Mamestra con figu rata, Meiigethes aeneus, Meiigethes viridescens, Myzus persicae, Phyiiotreta cruci ferae, Phyiiotreta memorum, Phyiiotreta unduiata, Phyiiotreta diademata, Phyiiotreta spp, Phyiiotreta stridata, Phytomyza rufipes, Pieris sp., Piuteiia xyiosteiia, Psyiiiodes chrysocephaia, Psyiiiodes pu net da ta, and Vanessa cardui; preferrably the pest is Phyiiotreta strioiata;

In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the plant or seed is of canola and the pest are selected from Phyiiotreta sp, Psyiioides sp, Meiigethes sp, Ceutorhynchus s and Mamestra sp./ more preferrably the pest is Phyiiotreta strioiata; In another embodiment of the invention, the plant or seed is of cotton and the pests are selec- ted from Adelphocoris lirieolatus, Adelphocoris sutural is, Agrotis ipsi/on, Agrotis segetum, Ala bama argilacea, Alcidodes affaber, Amrasca biguttu/a, Anomis flava, Anthonomus grand is,

Aphis gossypii, Apoiygus iucorum, Atactogaster finitimus; Autographa caiifornica, Biapstinus spp., Buccuiatrix ioxoptera, Buccuiatrix thurberieiia, Caiiothrips fasciatus, Chiorochroa sayi, Chrysodeixis inciudens, Compyiomma livid a Creontiades spp., Delia piatura, Dysdercus koeni- gii, Dysdercus spp., Earias insuiana, Eiasmopaipus iignose/ius, Empoasca fabae, Empoasca soiana, Estigmene acrea, Euschistus conspersus, Euschistus impictiventris, Euschistus servus, Feitia subterranean, Frankiinkieiia fusca, Frankiinkieiia occidentaiis, Gryiius spp., Heiicoverpa armigera, Heiicoverpa zea, He/iothis virescens, Hopioiaimus co/umbus, Limonius spp., Li- riomyza spp., Lygus he s perns, Lygus iineoiaris, Meianopius differentiaiis, Meianopius femurru- brum, Meioidogyne spp., Microtermes obesi, Nysius raphanus, Odontotermes obesus, Onyca- renus iaetus, Pectinophora gossypieiia, Pempheruius affinis, Peridroma saucia, Phenacoccus so/enopsis, P/atynota stuitana, Pseudatomosceiis seriatus, Rotyienchuius reniformis, Scirtoth- rips dorsalis; Spi/osoma obiiqua, Spodoptera exigua, Spodoptera frugiperda, Spodoptera iitura, Spodoptera praefica, Syiepta derogate, Tarache otabiiis, Tetranychus cinnabarinus, Te- tranychus turkestani, Tetranychus pacificus, Tetranychus urticae, Thrips tabaci, Trachea notabi- iis, Triaieurodes abutiionea, Trichopiusia ni, and Udea profunda/is; prefenab\y the pest is Fran- ktinieiia fusca or Frankiinieiia occidentaiis;

In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the plant or seed is of cotton and the pest are selected from Anthonomus sp, Pectinophora sp, Heiicoverpa sp, Earias sp, Aphis gossypi, Bemisia sp, Dysdercus sp, Amrasca sp, Lygus sp, Thrips sp, Frankiinieiia sp, and Agrotis sp; more preferrably the pest is Frankiinieiia fusca or Frankiinieiia occidentaiis,

In another embodiment of the invention, the plant or seed is of soybean and the pests are se- lected from Acrosternum hiiare, Agrotis ipsi/on, Anticarsia gemmataiis, Aphis glycines, Aristote- iia reseosuffuse/ia, Caiomycterus setarius, Cerotoma trifurcate, Co/aspis brunnea, Chrysodeixis inciudens, Chrysodeixis eriosomaCoiaspis crinnicornis, Co/aspis fiavida, Coiias eurytheme, Cy- ciocephaia iurida, Dicheiops meiacanthus, Diche/ops furcatus Dectes texanus ie anus, Diabra- tica baiteata, Diabratica undecimpunctata howardi, Diabratica undecimpunctata, Eiasmopaipus iignose/ius, Empoasca fabae, Epargyreus darns, Epicauta funebris, Epicauta pennsyivanica, Epicauta vittata, Epiiachna varivestis, Estigmene acrea, Euschistus heros, Euschistus servus, Haiticus bractatus, Haiyomorpha haiys, Heiicoverpa zea, He/iothis virescens, Heiocoverpa zea, Heterodera glycines, Heterodera spp., Hyiemya piatura, Hypena sea bra, Meianopius differentia iis, Meianopius femurrubrum, Myzus persicae, Naupadus (= Graphognathus) spp, Odontota horni, Ostrinia nubiiaiis, Papaipema nebris, Peridroma sauda, Phyiiophaga rugosa, Piezodorus guild in ii, Piathypena sea bra, Pod is us macuioventris, Popiiiia japonica, Pseudop/usia inciudens, Riveiiia quadrifasciata, Sericothrips variabiiis, Spi/osoma virginica, Spissisti/us festinus, Spodop tera exigua, Spodoptera frugiperda, Spodoptera ornithogaiii, Spodoptera ornithogaiii, Spp of Alydidae, Strigoderma arboricoia, Tetranychus turkestani, Tetranychus urticae, Thrips tabaci, Thyanta custator, Triaieurodes abutiionea, Vanessa cardui, ORT: Gryllidae, ORT: Acrididae, and ORT: Gryllotalpidae; preferrably the pest is Eiasmopaipus iignose/ius;

In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the plant or seed is of soybean and the pest are selected from Haiyomorpha sp, Piezodorus sp, Nezara sp, Dicheiops sp, Bemisia sp, Eias- mopalpus sp, Anticarsia sp, Spodoptera sp, Helicoverpa sp, and Chrysodeixis sp; more prefe- rrably the pest is Elasmopalpus lignosellus;

In another embodiment of the invention, the plant or seed is of peanut and the pests are selec- ted from Agrotis munda, Agrotis ipsilon, Anticarsia gemmataiis, Austroasca alfalfa, Austroasca viridigrisea, Aphis craccivora, Aproaerema modiceiia, Bemisia tabaci, Chrysodeixis inc/udens, Conode rus scissus, Creontiades spp., Diabrotica undecimpunctata, Elasmopalpus lignosellus, Empoasca spp, Empoasca fabae, Etiella behrii, Feltia subterranean, Frankliniella occidentalis, Frankliniella bispin osa, Frankliniella fusca, Helicoverpa armigera, Helicoverpa punctigera, Hete- ronyx piceus, Holotrichia consanguinea, Lepidiota spp, Leucania stenographia, Liriomyza sp such as Liriomyza trifoiii, Liriomyza sativae, Mythimna spp., Meioidogyne arenaria, Meioidogyne spp., Naupactus ieucoioma, Pangaeus biiineatus (Say), Parapionobia spp, Spissi stilus festinus, Spodoptera exigua, Spodoptera frugiperda, Spodoptera iitura, Spodoptera ornithogalli, Te- tranychus urticae, COL: Tenebrionidae, COL: Eiateridae, COL: Scarabeidae, ORT: Gryiiotai- pidae, and HET: Myridae; preferrably the pest is Frankliniella occidentalis, Frankliniella bispino- sa, and Frankliniella fusca; more preferrably the pest is Frankliniella fusca;

In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the plant or seed is of peanut and the pest are selected from Frankliniella sp, Helicoverpa sp, Spodoptera sp, Liriomyza trifoiii, Liriomyza sativae, Aproaerema modiceiia, Aphis sp, Holotrichia consanguinea, and Empoasca sp; more preferrably the pest is Frankliniella fusca;

In another embodiment of the invention, the plant or seed is of potato and the pests are selec- ted from COL: Eiateridae, Amrasca biguttuia biguttuia, Acizzia soianicoia, Agriotes iineatus, Agriotes obscurus, Agrotis ipsi/on, Amphimaiion solstitial is, Amrasca devastans, Aphis fabae, Aphis franguiae, Aphis gossypii, Aphis nasturtii, Aphis spiraecoia, Auiacorthum circumfiexum, Auiacorthum soiani, Autograph a caiifornica, Bactericera nigricornis, Bactericera cocke reiii, Be misia argentifoiii, Circuit fer tenne/us, Diabrotica sped osa, Empoasca devastans, Empoasca fabae, Epitrix pp., Heiiothis zea, Henosepiiachna vigintioctomacuiata, Heterodera spp., Holotri chia obiita, Leptinotarsa decemiineata, Limonius canus, Limonius caiifornicus, Ctenicera pruini- na, Liriomyza spp, Macrosiphum euphorbiae, Macrosteies fascifrons, Meioidogyne hapia, Me ioidogyne chitwood i, M. incognita, Monomorium pharaonic, Myzus ascaionicus, Myzus ornatus, Myzus persicae, Pemphigus sp., Peridroma saucia, Phthorimaea opercuieiia, Phthorimaea spp, Pratyienchus penetrans, P. negiectus, Paratrichodorus sp., Pseudop/usia inciudens, Rhopaio- siphoninus iatysiphon, Rhopaiosiphum rufiabdominaiis, Russeiiiana soianicoia Tuthill, Smynthu- rodes betae, Spodoptera eridania, Spodoptera frugiperda, Spodoptera iitura, and Triaieurodes vapora riorum; preferrably the pest is Leptinotarsa decemiineata;

In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the plant or seed is of potato and the pest are selected from Leptinotarsa sp, Limonius sp, Agriotes sp, Empoasca sp, pysllids, Bactericera sp, Myzus sp, Macrosiphum sp, Aphis sp, and Phthorimaea sp; more preferrably the pest is Leptinotarsa decemiineata;

In another embodiment of the invention, the plant or seed is of sugarbeet and the pests are se- lected from Achyra rantaiis, Agriotes spp., Limonius spp., Agrotis ipsi/on, Agrotis ipsi/on, Agrotis orthogonia, Agrotis segetum, Agrotis subterranean, Aphis craccivora, Aphis fabae, Aphis gossypii, A to maria linearis, A u tog rap ha gamma, Bemisia argentifoiii, Bemisia tabaci, Bianiuius guttu/atus, Cassida ne but osa L., Cassida nob His (L.) (Col., Chrysomelidae), Chaetocnema tibia- iis, Circulifer tenellus, Delia p/atura, Disonycha triangularis, Empoasca fabae, Empoasca Soia- na, Epitrix cucumeris, Epitrix tuberis, Estigmene acrea, Euxoa auxiiiaris, Euxoa nigricans, Hete- rodera schachtii, Liriomyza spp., Loxostege cereraiis, Loxostege stictica/is, Macrosiphum eu- phorbiae, Mamestra oleracea, Meianopius spp., Meioidogyne incognita, M. javanica, M. arena- ria M. hapia, and M. chitwoodi, Myzus persicae, Onychiurus spp, Pegomyia betae, Pemphigus popuiivenae (betae), Peridroma saucia, Piesma quadratum, Spodoptera exigua, Spodoptera praefica, Systena bianda, Tetranychus cinnabarinus, and Tetranychus urticae; preferrably the pest is Aphis craccivora, Aphis fabae, Myzus persicae, or Aphis gossypii;

In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the plant or seed is of sugarbeet and the pest are selected from Leptinotarsa sp, Limonius sp, Agriotes sp, Empoasca sp, pysllids, Bacte- ricera sp, Myzus sp, Macrosiphum sp, Aphis s , and Phthorimaea sp; more preferrably the pest is Aphis craccivora, Aphis fabae, Myzus persicae, or Aphis gossypii;

In more preferred embodiment of the invention, the pests are selected from Phyiiotreta sp, Rhophaiosiphum sp, Myzus sp, Eiasmopaipus sp, Diche/ops sp, Frankiinieiia sp, and Leptino tarsa sp.

In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the plant or seed is selected from soybean, corn, canola, cereals, sugarbeet, cotton, peanut, and potato, the pests are selected from Phyi iotreta sp, Rhophaiosiphum sp, Myzus sp, Eiasmopaipus sp, Diche/ops sp, Frankiinieiia sp, and Leptinotarsa sp.

In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the plant or seed is selected from soybean, corn, canola, cereals, sugarbeet, cotton, peanut, and potato, the pests are selected from Diche- iops meiacanthus, Frankiinieiia fusca, Frankiinieiia occidentaiis, Rhopaiosiphum padi, Phyiiotre ta strio iata, Eiasmopaipus iignose/ius, Leptinotarsa decemiineata, and Myzus persicae;

In more preferred embodiment of the invention, the pests are selected from Diche/ops meia canthus, Frankiinieiia fusca, Frankiinieiia occidentaiis, Rhopaiosiphum padi, Phyiiotreta strioiata, Eiasmopaipus iignose/ius, Leptinotarsa decemiineata, and Myzus persicae;

In one embodiment of the invention, the seeds are of soybean, corn, canola, cereals, sugar- beet, cotton, peanut, or potato and the pests are storage pests selected from

COL: Bruchidae, COL: Dermestidae, Acanthosceiides obtectus, Acarus siro, Bruchidius atro- iineatus, Bruchus atomarius, Bruchus dentipes, Bruchus ientis Frol, Bruchus pisorum, Bruchus rufipes, Ca/iosobruchus chinensis, Caiiosobruchus macuiatus (Fabricius), Caiiosobruchus subinnotatus, Caiiosobruchus theobromae, Cryptoiestes ferrugineus, Ephestia eiuteiia, Ephestia kuehnieiia, Oryzaephiius Mercator, Oryzaephiius surinamensis, Paiorus depressus, Phthori maea opercuieiia, Piodia interpuncteiia, Prostephanus truncatus (Horn), Rhizopertha dominica, Sitophiius granarius (L.), Sitophiius oryzae (L.) ( = Caiandra oryzae L . ) , Si top hi/ us spp., Sitophi/us zeamais Motsch. (= Caiandra zeamais Motsch.), Sitotroga cereaieiia, Triboiium destructor, Tri- boiium made ns, Tenebrio moiitorL, and Triboiium confusum;

Perticularly preferred combinations of seed/plant and the pests according to the present inven- tion are disclosed in below table Z

Table Z

As mentioned further above, in one embodiment of the invention, the pesticidal compound of formula (I) can be combined and used in mixture with at least one another active compound II ap-plied in agriculture, such as another insecticidal active, a fungicidal active. In another em- bodiment of the invention, the pesticidal compound of formula (I) can be combined and used in mixture with more than one other active compound applied in agriculture. Thus the pesticidal compound of formula (I) can be combined and used in mixture with more than one other insecti- cide and/or with more than one fungicide. For example the pesticidal compound of formula (I) can be combined and used in mixture with one, two, three or four other agriculturally active compound selected from pesticides.

Preferably such other compounds are active against invertebrate pests; a skilled person is fa- miliar with such compounds and knows which compounds are active against a specific target organism.

The following lists M of pesticides/pescticidally active compounds together with which the compounds according to the invention can be used and with which also potential synergistic effects might be produced, are intended to illustrate the possible combinations, but not to im- pose any limitation:

M.1 Acetylcholine esterase (AChE) inhibitors: M.1 A carbamates, e.g. aldicarb, alanycarb, ben- diocarb, benfuracarb, butocarboxim, butoxycarboxim, carbaryl, carbofuran, carbosulfan, ethio- fencarb, fenobucarb, formetanate, furathiocarb, isoprocarb, methiocarb, methomyl, metolcarb, oxamyl, pirimicarb, propoxur, thiodicarb, thiofanox, trimethacarb, XMC, xylylcarb and

triazamate; or M.1 B organophosphates, e.g. acephate, azamethiphos, azinphos-ethyl, az- inphosmethyl, cadusafos, chlorethoxyfos, chlorfenvinphos, chlormephos, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyri- fos-methyl, coumaphos, cyanophos, demeton-S-methyl, diazinon, dichlorvos/ DDVP, dicroto- phos, dimethoate, dimethylvinphos, disulfoton, EPN, ethion, ethoprophos, famphur, fenamiphos, fenitrothion, fenthion, fosthiazate, heptenophos, imicyafos, isofenphos, isopropyl O- (methoxyaminothio-phosphoryl) salicylate, isoxathion, malathion, mecarbam, methamidophos, methidathion, mevinphos, monocrotophos, naled, omethoate, oxydemeton-methyl, parathion, parathion-methyl, phenthoate, phorate, phosalone, phosmet, phosphamidon, phoxim, pirimi- phos- methyl, profenofos, propetamphos, prothiofos, pyraclofos, pyridaphenthion, quinalphos, sulfotep, tebupirimfos, temephos, terbufos, tetrachlorvinphos, thiometon, triazophos, trichlorfon, and vamidothion;

M.2. GABA-gated chloride channel antagonists: M.2A cyclodiene organochlorine compounds, e.g. endosulfan or chlordane; or M.2B fiproles (phenylpyrazoles), e.g. ethiprole, fipronil, flufiprole, pyrafluprole, and pyriprole;

M.3 Sodium channel modulators from the class of M.3A pyrethroids, e.g. acrinathrin, allethrin, d-cis-trans allethrin, d-trans allethrin, bifenthrin (in particular kappa-bifenthrin), bioallethrin, bio- allethrin S-cylclopentenyl, bioresmethrin, cycloprothrin, cyfluthrin, beta-cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, gamma-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, alpha-cypermethrin, beta-cypermethrin, theta-cypermethrin, zeta-cypermethrin, cyphenothrin, deltamethrin, empenthrin, esfenvalerate, etofenprox, fenpropathrin, fenvalerate, flucythrinate, flumethrin, tau-fluvalinate, halfenprox, hep- tafluthrin, imiprothrin, meperfluthrin, metofluthrin, momfluorothrin (in particular epsilon- momfluorothrin), permethrin, phenothrin, prallethrin, profluthrin, pyrethrin (pyrethrum), resmethrin, silafluofen, tefluthrin (in particular kappa-tefluthrin), tetramethylfluthrin, tetramethrin, tralomethrin, and transfluthrin; or M.3B sodium channel modulators such as DDT or methox- ychlor;

M.4 Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists (nAChR): M.4A neonicotinoids, e.g. acetamiprid, clothianidin, cycloxaprid, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, thiacloprid and thiamethoxam; or the compounds M.4A.1 4,5-Dihydro-N-nitro-1-(2-oxiranylmethyl)-1 H-imidazol-2-amine, M.4A.2: (2E-)-1-[(6-Chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl]-N'-nitro-2-pentyliden ehydrazinecarboximidamide; or M4.A.3: 1 -[(6-Chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl]-7-methyl-8-nitro-5-propoxy-1 ,2, 3, 5, 6, 7- hexahydroimidazo[1 ,2-a]pyridine; or M.4B nicotine; M.4C sulfoxaflor; M.4D flupyradifurone;

M.4E triflumezopyrim;

M.5 Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor allosteric activators: spinosyns, e.g. spinosad or spineto- ram;

M.6 Chloride channel activators from the class of avermectins and milbemycins, e.g.

abamectin, emamectin benzoate, ivermectin, lepimectin, or milbemectin;

M.7 Juvenile hormone mimics, such as M.7A juvenile hormone analogues hydroprene, kino- prene, and methoprene; or M.7B fenoxycarb, or M.7C pyriproxyfen;

M.8 miscellaneous non-specific (multi-site) inhibitors, e.g. M.8A alkyl halides as methyl bro- mide and other alkyl halides, M.8B chloropicrin, M.8C sulfuryl fluoride, M.8D borax, or M.8E tartar emetic;

M.9 Chordotonal organ TRPV channel modulators, e.g. M.9B pymetrozine; pyrifluquinazon;

M.10 Mite growth inhibitors, e.g. M.10A clofentezine, hexythiazox, and diflovidazin, or M.10B etoxazole;

M.12 Inhibitors of mitochondrial ATP synthase, e.g. M.12A diafenthiuron, or M.12B organotin miticides such as azocyclotin, cyhexatin, or fenbutatin oxide, M.12C propargite, or M.12D tetra- difon;

M.13 Uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation via disruption of the proton gradient, e.g.

chlorfenapyr, DNOC, or sulfluramid;

M.14 Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) channel blockers, e.g. nereistoxin analogues bensultap, cartap hydrochloride, thiocyclam, or thiosultap sodium;

M.15 Inhibitors of the chitin biosynthesis type 0, such as benzoylureas e.g. bistrifluron, chlorfluazuron, diflubenzuron, flucycloxuron, flufenoxuron, hexaflumuron, lufenuron, novaluron, noviflumuron, teflubenzuron, or triflumuron;

M.16 Inhibitors of the chitin biosynthesis type 1 , e.g. buprofezin;

M.17 Moulting disruptors, Dipteran, e.g. cyromazine;

M.18 Ecdyson receptor agonists such as diacylhydrazines, e.g. methoxyfenozide, tebufeno- zide, halofenozide, fufenozide, or chromafenozide;

M.19 Octopamin receptor agonists, e.g. amitraz;

M.20 Mitochondrial complex III electron transport inhibitors, e.g. M.20A hydramethylnon,

M.20B acequinocyl, M.20C fluacrypyrim; or M.20D bifenazate;

M.21 Mitochondrial complex I electron transport inhibitors, e.g. M.21A METI acaricides and in- secticides such as fenazaquin, fenpyroximate, pyrimidifen, pyridaben, tebufenpyrad or tolfen- pyrad, or M.21 B rotenone;

M.22 Voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers, e.g. M.22A indoxacarb, M.22B metaflumi- zone, or M.22B.1 : 2-[2-(4-Cyanophenyl)-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethylidene ]-N-[4- (difluoromethoxy)phenyl]-hydrazinecarboxamide or M.22B.2: N-(3-Chloro-2-methylphenyl)-2-[(4- chlorophenyl)[4-[methyl(methylsulfonyl)amino]phenyl]methylen e]-hydrazinecarboxamide;

M.23 Inhibitors of the of acetyl CoA carboxylase, such as Tetronic and Tetramic acid deriva- tives, e.g. spirodiclofen, spiromesifen, or spirotetramat; M.23.1 spiropidion

M.24 Mitochondrial complex IV electron transport inhibitors, e.g. M.24A phosphine such as al- uminium phosphide, calcium phosphide, phosphine or zinc phosphide, or M.24B cyanide; M.25 Mitochondrial complex II electron transport inhibitors, such as beta-ketonitrile derivatives, e.g. cyenopyrafen or cyflumetofen;

M.28 Ryanodine receptor-modulators from the class of diamides, e.g. flubendiamide, chlor- antraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, tetraniliprole, M.28.1 : (R)-3-Chlor-N 1-{2-methyl-4-[1 ,2,2,2 - tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl}-N2-(1-methyl-2- methylsulfonylethyl)phthalamid,

M.28.2: (S)-3-Chloro-N1-{2-methyl-4-[1 ,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl}-N2-(1- methyl-2-methylsulfonylethyl)phthalamid, M.28.3: cyclaniliprole, or M.28.4: methyl-2-[3,5- dibromo-2-({[3-bromo-1 -(3-chlorpyridin-2-yl)-1 H-pyrazol-5-yl]carbonyl}amino)benzoyl]-1 ,2- dimethylhydrazinecarboxylate; or M.28.5a) N-[4,6-dichloro-2-[(diethyl-lambda-4-sulfanylidene)- carbamoyl]-phenyl]-2-(3-chloro-2-pyridyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl )pyrazole-3-carboxamide; M.28.5b) N-[4-chloro-2-[(diethyl-lambda-4-sulfanylidene)carbamoyl]-6- methyl-phenyl]-2-(3-chloro-2- pyridyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazole-3-carboxamide; M.28.5c) N-[4-chloro-2-[(di-2-propyl-lambda- 4-sulfanylidene)carbamoyl]-6-methyl-phenyl]-2-(3-chloro-2-py ridyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazole-3- carboxamide; M.28.5d) N-[4,6-dichloro-2-[(di-2-propyl-lambda-4-sulfanylidene)carba moyl]- phenyl]-2-(3-chloro-2-pyridyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazole-3 -carboxamide; M.28.5h) N-[4,6- dibromo-2-[(diethyl-lambda-4-sulfanylidene)carbamoyl]-phenyl ]-2-(3-chloro-2-pyridyl)-5- (trifluoromethyl)pyrazole-3-carboxamide; M.28.5i) N-[2-(5-Amino-1 ,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-4-chloro- 6-methylphenyl]-3-bromo-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-1 H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide; M.28.5j) 3- Chloro-1 -(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-N-[2,4-dichloro-6-[[(1 -cyano-1 - methylethyl)amino]carbonyl]phenyl]-1 H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide; M.28.5k) 3-Bromo-N-[2,4- dichloro-6-(methylcarbamoyl)phenyl]-1-(3,5-dichloro-2-pyridy l)-1 H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide; M.28.5I) N-[4-Chloro-2-[[(1 ,1-dimethylethyl)amino]carbonyl]-6-methylphenyl]-1-(3-chloro -2- pyridinyl)-3-(fluoromethoxy)-1 H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide; or

M.28.6: cyhalodiamide; or

M.29: Chordotonal organ Modulators - undefined target site, e.g. flonicamid;

M.UN. insecticidal active compounds of unknown or uncertain mode of action, e.g. afidopyro- pen, afoxolaner, azadirachtin, amidoflumet, benzoximate, broflanilide, bromopropylate, chino- methionat, cryolite, dicloromezotiaz, dicofol, flufenerim, flometoquin, fluensulfone, fluhexafon, fluopyram, fluralaner, metoxadiazone, piperonyl butoxide, pyflubumide, pyridalyl, tioxazafen, M.UN.3: 1 1-(4-chloro-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-12-hydroxy-1 ,4-dioxa-9-azadispiro[4.2.4.2]-tetradec- 1 1-en-10-one,

M.UN.4: 3-(4’-fluoro-2,4-dimethylbiphenyl-3-yl)-4-hydroxy-8-oxa-1- azaspiro[4.5]dec-3-en-2- one,

M.UN.5: 1-[2-fluoro-4-methyl-5-[(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)sulfinyl]pheny l]-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H- 1 ,2,4-triazole-5-amine, or actives on basis of bacillus firmus (Votivo, 1-1582);

M.UN.6: flupyrimin;

M.UN.8: fluazaindolizine; M.UN.9. a): 4-[5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-4H-isoxazol- 3-yl]-2-methyl-N-(1-oxothietan-3-yl)benzamide; M.UN.9.b): fluxametamide; M.UN.10: 5-[3-[2,6- dichloro-4-(3,3-dichloroallyloxy)phenoxy]propoxy]-1 H-pyrazole;

M.UN.11.b) 3-(benzoylmethylamino)-N-[2-bromo-4-[1 ,2,2,3,3,3-hexafluoro-1- (trifluoromethyl)propyl]-6-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2-fluoro -benzamide; M.UN.1 1.c) 3- (benzoylmethylamino)-2-fluoro-N-[2-iodo-4-[1 ,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]-6- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-benzamide; M.UN.11.d) N-[3-[[[2-iodo-4-[1 ,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1- (trifluoromethyl)ethyl]-6-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]amino]carb onyl]phenyl]-N-methyl-benzamide; M.UN.1 1.e) N-[3-[[[2-bromo-4-[1 ,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]-6- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl]amino]carbonyl]-2-fluorophenyl]-4-fl uoro-N-methyl-benzamide;

M.UN.1 1.f) 4-fluoro-N-[2-fluoro-3-[[[2-iodo-4-[1 ,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]-6- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl]amino]carbonyl]phenyl]-N-methyl-benz amide; M.UN.1 1.g) 3-fluoro-N-[2- fluoro-3-[[[2-iodo-4-[1 ,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]-6-

(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]amino]carbonyl]phenyl]-N-methyl-b enzamide; M.UN.1 1.h) 2-chloro-N-[3- [[[2-iodo-4-[1 ,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1 -(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]-6-

(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]amino]carbonyl]phenyl]- 3-pyridinecarboxamide; M.UN.1 1.i) 4-cyano-N- [2-cyano-5-[[2,6-dibromo-4-[1 ,2,2,3,3,3-hexafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)- propyl]phenyl]carbamoyl]phenyl]-2-methyl-benzamide; M.UN.1 1.j) 4-cyano-3-[(4-cyano-2- methyl-benzoyl)amino]-N-[2,6-dichloro-4-[1 ,2,2,3,3,3-hexafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)- propyl]phenyl]-2-fluoro-benzamide; M.UN.1 1.k) N-[5-[[2-chloro-6-cyano-4-[1 ,2,2,3,3,3- hexafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)propyl]phenyl]carbamoyl]-2-cya no-phenyl]-4-cyano-2-methyl- benzamide; M.UN.1 1.1) N-[5-[[2-bromo-6-chloro-4-[2, 2, 2-trifluoro-1 -hydroxy-1 - (trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl]carbamoyl]-2-cyano-phenyl]-4-c yano-2-methyl-benzamide;

M.UN.1 1.m) N-[5-[[2-bromo-6-chloro-4-[1 ,2,2,3,3,3-hexafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)- propyl]phenyl]carbamoyl]-2-cyano-phenyl]-4-cyano-2-methyl-be nzamide; M.UN.11.n) 4-cyano- N-[2-cyano-5-[[2,6-dichloro-4-[1 ,2,2,3,3,3-hexafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)- propyl]phenyl]carbamoyl]phenyl]-2-methyl-benzamide; M.UN.1 1.o) 4-cyano-N-[2-cyano-5-[[2,6- dichloro-4-[1 ,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl]carbamoyl ]phenyl]-2-methyl- benzamide; M.UN.11.p) N-[5-[[2-bromo-6-chloro-4-[1 ,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1- (trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl]carbamoyl]-2-cyano-phenyl]-4-c yano-2-methyl-benzamide; or

M. UN.12. a) 2-(1 ,3-Dioxan-2-yl)-6-[2-(3-pyridinyl)-5-thiazolyl]-pyridine; M.UN.12.b) 2-[6-[2-(5- Fluoro-3-pyridinyl)-5-thiazolyl]-2-pyridinyl]-pyrimidine; M.UN.12. c) 2-[6-[2-(3-Pyridinyl)-5- thiazolyl]-2-pyridinyl]-pyrimidine; M.UN.12.d) N-Methylsulfonyl-6-[2-(3-pyridyl)thiazol-5- yl]pyridine-2-carboxamide; M.UN.12.e) N-Methylsulfonyl-6-[2-(3-pyridyl)thiazol-5-yl]pyridine-2- carboxamide; M.UN.12.f) N-Ethyl-N-[4-methyl-2-(3-pyridyl)thiazol-5-yl]-3-methylthio- propanamide; M.UN.12.g) N-Methyl-N-[4-methyl-2-(3-pyridyl)thiazol-5-yl]-3-methylthio - propanamide; M.UN.12.h) N,2-Dimethyl-N-[4-methyl-2-(3-pyridyl)thiazol-5-yl]-3-methyl thio- propanamide; M.UN.12.i) N-Ethyl-2-methyl-N-[4-methyl-2-(3-pyridyl)thiazol-5-yl]-3-me thylthio- propanamide; M.UN.12.j) N-[4-Chloro-2-(3-pyridyl)thiazol-5-yl]-N-ethyl-2-methyl-3-me thylthio- propanamide; M.UN.12. k) N-[4-Chloro-2-(3-pyridyl)thiazol-5-yl]-N,2-dimethyl-3-methyl thio- propanamide; M.UN.12.1) N-[4-Chloro-2-(3-pyridyl)thiazol-5-yl]-N-methyl-3-methylthio - propanamide; M.UN.12.m) N-[4-Chloro-2-(3-pyridyl)thiazol-5-yl]-N-ethyl-3-methylthio- propanamide;

M.UN.14a) 1-[(6-Chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl]-1 ,2,3,5,6,7-hexahydro-5-methoxy-7-methyl-8-nitro- imidazo[1 ,2-a]pyridine; or M. UN.14b) 1-[(6-Chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl]-7-methyl-8-nitro- 1 ,2,3,5,6,7-hexahydroimidazo[1 ,2-a]pyridin-5-ol;

M. UN.16a) 1-isopropyl-N,5-dimethyl-N-pyridazin-4-yl-pyrazole-4-carboxa mide; or M. UN.16b) 1-(1 ,2-dimethylpropyl)-N-ethyl-5-methyl-N-pyridazin-4-yl-pyrazol e-4-carboxamide; M.UN.16c)

N,5-dimethyl-N-pyridazin-4-yl-1-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methyl -ethyl)pyrazole-4-carboxamide;

M.UN.16d) 1-[1-(1-cyanocyclopropyl)ethyl]-N-ethyl-5-methyl-N-pyridazin -4-yl-pyrazole-4- carboxamide; M.UN.16e) N-ethyl-1 -(2-fluoro-1 -methyl-propyl)-5-methyl-N-pyridazin-4-yl- pyrazole-4-carboxamide; M.UN.16f) 1 -(1 ,2-dimethylpropyl)-N,5-dimethyl-N-pyridazin-4-yl- pyrazole-4-carboxamide; M.UN.16g) 1 -[1 -(1 -cyanocyclopropyl)ethyl]-N,5-dimethyl-N-pyridazin- 4-yl-pyrazole-4-carboxamide; M.UN.16h) N-methyl-1 -(2-fluoro-1 -methyl-propyl]-5-methyl-N- pyridazin-4-yl-pyrazole-4-carboxamide; M.UN.16i) 1 -(4,4-difluorocyclohexyl)-N-ethyl-5-methyl- N-pyridazin-4-yl-pyrazole-4-carboxamide; or M.UN.16j) 1 -(4,4-difluorocyclohexyl)-N,5-dimethyl- N-pyridazin-4-yl-pyrazole-4-carboxamide,

M. UN.17a) N-(1 -methylethyl)-2-(3-pyridinyl)-2H-indazole-4-carboxamide; M. UN.17b) N- cyclopropyl-2-(3-pyridinyl)-2H-indazole-4-carboxamide; M. UN.17c) N-cyclohexyl-2-(3-pyridinyl)- 2H-indazole-4-carboxamide; M.UN.17d) 2-(3-pyridinyl)-N-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-2H-indazole-4- carboxamide; M.UN.17e) 2-(3-pyridinyl)-N-[(tetrahydro-2-furanyl)methyl]-2H-indazole -5- carboxamide; M.UN.17f) methyl 2-[[2-(3-pyridinyl)-2H-indazol-5- yl]carbonyl]hydrazinecarboxylate; M.UN.17g) N-[(2,2-difluorocyclopropyl)methyl]-2-(3-pyridinyl)- 2H-indazole-5-carboxamide; M.UN.17h) N-(2,2-difluoropropyl)-2-(3-pyridinyl)-2H-indazole-5- carboxamide; M.UN.17i) 2-(3-pyridinyl )-N-(2-pyrimidinylmethyl )-2H-indazole-5-carboxamide; M.UN.17j) N-[(5-methyl-2-pyrazinyl)methyl]-2-(3-pyridinyl)-2H-indazole -5-carboxamide,

M. UN.18a) N-[3-chloro-1 -(3-pyridyl)pyrazol-4-yl]-N-ethyl-3-(3,3,3- trifluoropropylsulfanyl)propanamide; M. UN.18b) N-[3-chloro-1 -(3-pyridyl)pyrazol-4-yl]-N-ethyl-3- (3,3,3-trifluoropropylsulfinyl)propanamide; M. UN.18c) N-[3-chloro-1 -(3-pyridyl)pyrazol-4-yl]-3- [(2,2-difluorocyclopropyl)methylsulfanyl]-N-ethyl-propanamid e; M.UN.18d) N-[3-chloro-1 -(3- pyridyl)pyrazol-4-yl]-3-[(2,2-difluorocyclopropyl)methylsulf inyl]-N-ethyl-propanamide;

M.UN.19 sarolaner, M.UN.20 lotilaner;

M.UN.21 N-[4-Chloro-3-[[(phenylmethyl)amino]carbonyl]phenyl]-1 -methyl-3-(1 ,1 ,2,2,2- pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide; M. UN.22a 2-(3-ethylsulfonyl-2- pyridyl)-3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, or M. UN.22b 2-[3-ethylsulfonyl-5- (trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridyl]-3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imi dazo[4,5-b]pyridine;

M. UN.23a 4-[5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-4H-isoxazol-3- yl]-N-[(4R)-2-ethyl-3-oxo- isoxazolidin-4-yl]-2-methyl-benzamide, or M. UN.23b 4-[5-(3,5-dichloro-4-fluoro-phenyl)-5- (trifluoromethyl)-4H-isoxazol-3-yl]-N-[(4R)-2-ethyl-3-oxo-is oxazolidin-4-yl]-2-methyl-benzamide;

M. UN.24a) N-[4-chloro-3-(cyclopropylcarbamoyl)phenyl]-2-methyl-5-(1 ,1 ,2,2,2- pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazole-3-carboxamide or M.UN.24b) N-[4-chloro-3-[(1 - cyanocyclopropyl)carbamoyl]phenyl]-2-methyl-5-(1 ,1 ,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)-4- (trifluoromethyl)pyrazole-3-carboxamide; M.UN.25 acynonapyr; M.UN.26 benzpyrimoxan;

M.UN.27 2-chloro-N-(1 -cyanocyclopropyl)-5-[1 -[2-methyl-5-(1 ,1 ,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)-4- (trifluoromethyl)pyrazol-3-yl]pyrazol-4-yl]benzamide; M.UN.28 oxazosulfyl (2-(3-ethylsulfonyl-2- pyridyl)-5-(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)-1 ,3-benzoxazole); M.UN.29 Tetrachlorantraniliprole; M.UN.30 Tyclopyrazoflor;

A) Respiration inhibitors

Inhibitors of complex III at Qo site: azoxystrobin (A.1.1 ), coumethoxystrobin (A.1 .2), coumoxystrobin (A.1.3), dimoxystrobin (A.1 .4), enestroburin (A.1.5), fenaminstrobin (A.1 .6), fenoxystrobin/flufenoxystrobin (A.1.7), fluoxastrobin (A.1 .8), kresoxim-methyl (A.1.9), mande- strobin (A.1.10), metominostrobin (A.1 .1 1 ), orysastrobin (A.1 .12), picoxystrobin (A.1.13), pyra- clostrobin (A.1 .14), pyrametostrobin (A.1 .15), pyraoxystrobin (A.1.16), trifloxystrobin (A.1.17), 2 (2-(3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-1 -methyl-allylideneaminooxymethyl)-phenyl)-2 methoxyimino-N me- thyl-acetamide (A.1.18), pyribencarb (A.1.19), triclopyricarb/chlorodincarb (A.1.20), famoxadone (A.1.21 ), fenamidone (A.1.21), methyl-N-[2-[(1 ,4-dimethyl-5 phenyl-pyrazol-3- yl)oxylmethyl]phenyl]-N-methoxy-carbamate (A.1.22), 1-[3-chloro-2 [[1 (4-chlorophenyl)-1 H- pyrazol-3-yl]oxymethyl]phenyl]-4-methyl-tetrazol-5-one (A.1.23), 1-[3-bromo-2-[[1-(4- chlorophenyl)pyrazol-3-yl]oxymethyl]phenyl]-4-methyl-tetrazo l-5-one (A.1.24), 1-[2-[[1-(4- chlorophenyl)pyrazol-3-yl]oxymethyl]-3-methyl-phenyl]-4-meth yl-tetrazol-5-one (A.1.25), 1-[2-[[1- (4-chlorophenyl)pyrazol-3-yl]oxymethyl]-3-fluoro-phenyl]-4-m ethyl-tetrazol-5-one (A.1.26), 1-[2- [[1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)pyrazol-3-yl]oxymethyl]-3-fluoro-phe nyl]-4-methyl-tetrazol-5-one

(A.1.27), 1-[3-cyclopropyl-2-[[2-methyl-4 (1 methylpyrazol-3-yl)phenoxy]methyl]phenyl]-4 methyl- tetrazol-5-one (A.1.30), 1 [3 (difluoromethoxy)-2-[[2-methyl-4-(1 methylpyrazol-3

yl)phenoxy]methyl]phenyl]-4 methyl-tetrazol-5-one (A.1.31), 1-methyl-4-[3-methyl-2 [[2 methyl-4- (1 -methylpyrazol-3 yl)phenoxy]methyl]phenyl]tetrazol-5-one (A.1.32), (Z,2E)-5-[1-(2,4- dichlorophenyl)pyrazol-3-yl]-oxy-2-methoxyimino-N,3-dimethyl -pent-3-enamide (A.1.34), (Z,2E)

5 [1 (4-chlorophenyl)pyrazol-3-yl]oxy-2-methoxyimino-N,3-dimethyl -pent-3-enamide (A.1.35), pyriminostrobin (A.1.36), bifujunzhi (A.1.37), 2-(ortho-((2,5-dimethylphenyl-oxy- methylen)phenyl)-3-methoxy-acrylic acid methylester (A.1.38);

inhibitors of complex III at Qi site: cyazofamid (A.2.1), amisulbrom (A.2.2), [(6S,7R,8R) 8 benzyl-3-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-pyridine-2-carbonyl)amino]-6- methyl-4,9-dioxo-1 ,5-dioxonan-7- yl] 2-methylpropanoate (A.2.3), fenpicoxamid (A.2.4);

inhibitors of complex II: benodanil (A.3.1 ), benzovindiflupyr (A.3.2), bixafen (A.3.3), bos- calid (A.3.4), carboxin (A.3.5), fenfuram (A.3.6), fluopyram (A.3.7), flutolanil (A.3.8), fluxapyrox- ad (A.3.9), furametpyr (A.3.10), isofetamid (A.3.1 1), isopyrazam (A.3.12), mepronil (A.3.13), oxycarboxin (A.3.14), penflufen (A.3.15), penthiopyrad (A.3.16), pydiflumetofen (A.3.17), pyrazi- flumid (A.3.18), sedaxane (A.3.19), tecloftalam (A.3.20), thifluzamide (A.3.21 ), 3 (difluorome- thyl)-1-methyl-N-(1 ,1 ,3-trimethylindan-4-yl)pyrazole-4 carboxamide (A.3.22), 3 (trifluoromethyl)- 1-methyl-N-(1 ,1 ,3-trimethylindan-4-yl)pyrazole-4 carboxamide (A.3.23), 1 ,3-dimethyl-N-(1 ,1 ,3- trimethylindan-4-yl)pyrazole-4-carboxamide (A.3.24), 3-(trifluoromethyl)-1 ,5 dimethyl-N-(1 ,1 ,3- trimethylindan-4-yl)pyrazole-4-carboxamide (A.3.25), 1 ,3,5-trimethyl-N-(1 ,1 ,3-trimethylindan-4- yl)pyrazole-4-carboxamide (A.3.26), 3-(difluoromethyl)-1 ,5 dimethyl-N-(1 ,1 ,3-trimethylindan-4- yl)pyrazole-4-carboxamide (A.3.27), 3-(difluoromethyl)-N (7 fluoro-1 ,1 ,3-trimethyl-indan-4-yl)-1- methyl-pyrazole-4-carboxamide (A.3.28), N-[(5-chloro-2-isopropyl-phenyl)methyl]-N-cyclopropyl- 5-fluoro-1 ,3-dimethyl-pyrazole-4-carboxamide (A.3.29), methyl (E)-2-[2-[(5-cyano-2-methyl- phenoxy)methyl]phenyl]-3-methoxy-prop-2 enoate (A.3.30), N-[(5-chloro-2-isopropyl- phenyl)methyl]-N-cyclopropyl-3-(difluoromethyl)-5 fluoro-1-methyl-pyrazole-4-carboxamide (A.3.31), 2-(difluoromethyl)-N-(1 ,1 ,3-trimethyl-indan-4-yl)pyridine-3-carboxamide (A.3.32), 2- (difluoromethyl)-N-[(3R)-1 ,1 ,3-trimethylindan-4-yl]pyridine-3-carboxamide (A.3.33), 2- (difluoromethyl)-N-(3-ethyl-1 ,1-dimethyl-indan-4-yl)pyridine-3-carboxamide (A.3.34), 2- (difluoromethyl)-N-[(3R)-3-ethyl-1 ,1-dimethyl-indan-4-yl]pyridine-3-carboxamide (A.3.35), 2- (difluoromethyl)-N-(l ,1-dimethyl-3-propyl-indan-4-yl)pyridine-3-carboxamide (A.3.36), 2- (difluoromethyl)-N-[(3R)-1 ,1-dimethyl-3-propyl-indan-4-yl]pyridine-3-carboxamide (A.3.37), 2- (difluoromethyl)-N-(3-isobutyl-1 ,1-dimethyl-indan-4-yl)pyridine-3-carboxamide (A.3.38), 2- (difluoromethyl)-N-[(3R)-3-isobutyl-1 ,1-dimethyl-indan-4 yl]pyridine-3-carboxamide (A.3.39); other respiration inhibitors: diflumetorim (A.4.1 ); nitrophenyl derivates: binapacryl (A.4.2), dinobuton (A.4.3), dinocap (A.4.4), fluazinam (A.4.5), meptyldinocap (A.4.6), ferimzone (A.4.7); organometal compounds: fentin salts, e. g. fentin-acetate (A.4.8), fentin chloride (A.4.9) or fentin hydroxide (A.4.10); ametoctradin (A.4.11 ); silthiofam (A.4.12);

B) Sterol biosynthesis inhibitors (SBI fungicides)

C14 demethylase inhibitors: triazoles: azaconazole (B.1.1 ), bitertanol (B.1.2), bromu- conazole (B.1.3), cyproconazole (B.1.4), difenoconazole (B.1.5), diniconazole (B.1.6), dinicona- zole-M (B.1.7), epoxiconazole (B.1.8), fenbuconazole (B.1.9), fluquinconazole (B.1.10), flusi- lazole (B.1.1 1), flutriafol (B.1.12), hexaconazole (B.1.13), imibenconazole (B.1.14), ipconazole (B.1.15), metconazole (B.1.17), myclobutanil (B.1.18), oxpoconazole (B.1.19), paclobutrazole (B.1.20), penconazole (B.1.21), propiconazole (B.1.22), prothioconazole (B.1.23), simeconazole (B.1.24), tebuconazole (B.1.25), tetraconazole (B.1.26), triadimefon (B.1.27), triadimenol (B.1.28), triticonazole (B.1.29), uniconazole (B.1.30), ipfentrifluconazole, (B.1.37), mefentriflu- conazole (B.1.38), 2-(chloromethyl)-2-methyl-5-(p-tolylmethyl)-1 (1 ,2,4-triazol-1 - ylmethyl)cyclopentanol (B.1.43); imidazoles: imazalil (B.1.44), pefurazoate (B.1.45), prochloraz (B.1.46), triflumizol (B.1.47); pyrimidines, pyridines and piperazines: fenarimol (B.1.49), pyri- fenox (B.1.50), triforine (B.1.51 ), [3-(4-chloro-2-fluoro-phenyl)-5-(2,4-difluorophenyl)isoxazol -4- yl]-(3-pyridyl)methanol (B.1.52);

Deltal 4-reductase inhibitors: aldimorph (B.2.1 ), dodemorph (B.2.2), dodemorph-acetate (B.2.3), fenpropimorph (B.2.4), tridemorph (B.2.5), fenpropidin (B.2.6), piperalin (B.2.7), spirox- amine (B.2.8);

Inhibitors of 3-keto reductase: fenhexamid (B.3.1 );

Other Sterol biosynthesis inhibitors: chlorphenomizole (B.4.1 );

C) Nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors

phenylamides or acyl amino acid fungicides: benalaxyl (C.1.1 ), benalaxyl-M (C.1.2), kiral- axyl (C.1.3), metalaxyl (C.1.4), metalaxyl-M (C.1.5), ofurace (C.1.6), oxadixyl (C.1.7);

other nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors: hymexazole (C.2.1 ), octhilinone (C.2.2), oxolinic acid (C.2.3), bupirimate (C.2.4), 5-fluorocytosine (C.2.5), 5-fluoro-2-(p-tolylmethoxy)pyrimidin-4 amine (C.2.6), 5-fluoro-2-(4-fluorophenylmethoxy)pyrimidin-4 amine (C.2.7), 5-fluoro-2 (4 chlo- rophenylmethoxy)pyrimidin-4 amine (C.2.8);

D) Inhibitors of cell division and cytoskeleton

tubulin inhibitors: benomyl (D.1.1), carbendazim (D.1.2), fuberidazole (D1.3), thia bendazole (D.1.4), thiophanate-methyl (D.1.5), 3-chloro-4-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-6-methyl-5- phenyl-pyridazine (D.1.6), 3-chloro-6-methyl-5-phenyl-4-(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)pyridazi ne (D.1.7), N ethyl-2-[(3-ethynyl-8-methyl-6-quinolyl)oxy]butanamide (D.1.8), N-ethyl-2-[(3-ethynyl- 8 methyl-6 quinolyl)oxy]-2-methylsulfanyl-acetamide (D.1.9), 2-[(3-ethynyl-8-methyl-6-quinol- yl)oxy]-N (2-fluoroethyl)butanamide (D.1.10), 2-[(3-ethynyl-8-methyl-6-quinolyl)oxy]-N-(2-flu- oroethyl)-2-methoxy-acetamide (D.1.1 1), 2-[(3-ethynyl-8-methyl-6-quinolyl)oxy]-N-propyl- butanamide (D.1.12), 2-[(3-ethynyl-8-methyl-6-quinolyl)oxy]-2-methoxy-N-propyl-ac etamide (D.1.13), 2-[(3-ethynyl-8-methyl-6-quinolyl)oxy]-2-methylsulfanyl-N-pr opyl-acetamide (D.1.14), 2 [(3 ethynyl-8-methyl-6-quinolyl)oxy]-N-(2-fluoroethyl)-2-methyls ulfanyl-acetamide (D.1.15), 4-(2- bromo-4-fluoro-phenyl)-N-(2-chloro-6-fluoro-phenyl)-2,5-dime thyl-pyrazol-3 amine (D.1.16); other cell division inhibitors: diethofencarb (D.2.1), ethaboxam (D.2.2), pencycuron (D.2.3), fluopicolide (D.2.4), zoxamide (D.2.5), metrafenone (D.2.6), pyriofenone (D.2.7);

E) Inhibitors of amino acid and protein synthesis

methionine synthesis inhibitors: cyprodinil (E.1.1 ), mepanipyrim (E.1.2), pyrimethanil (E.1.3);

protein synthesis inhibitors: blasticidin-S (E.2.1 ), kasugamycin (E.2.2), kasugamycin hy- drochloride-hydrate (E.2.3), mildiomycin (E.2.4), streptomycin (E.2.5), oxytetracyclin (E.2.6);

F) Signal transduction inhibitors

MAP / histidine kinase inhibitors: fluoroimid (F.1.1), iprodione (F.1.2), procymidone (F.1.3), vinclozolin (F.1.4), fludioxonil (F.1.5);

G protein inhibitors: quinoxyfen (F.2.1 );

G) Lipid and membrane synthesis inhibitors

Phospholipid biosynthesis inhibitors: edifenphos (G .1.1), iprobenfos (G.1.2), pyrazophos (G.1.3), isoprothiolane (G.1.4);

lipid peroxidation: dicloran (G.2.1), quintozene (G.2.2), tecnazene (G.2.3), tolclofos-methyl (G.2.4), biphenyl (G.2.5), chloroneb (G.2.6), etridiazole (G.2.7);

phospholipid biosynthesis and cell wall deposition: dimethomorph (G.3.1 ), flumorph (G.3.2), mandipropamid (G.3.3), pyrimorph (G.3.4), benthiavalicarb (G.3.5), iprovalicarb (G.3.6), valifenalate (G.3.7);

compounds affecting cell membrane permeability and fatty acides: propamocarb (G.4.1 ); inhibitors of oxysterol binding protein: oxathiapiprolin (G.5.1), 2-{3-[2-(1-{[3,5-bis(difluoro- methyl-1 H-pyrazol-1 -yl]acetyl}piperidin-4-yl)-1 ,3-thiazol-4-yl]-4,5-dihydro-1 ,2 oxazol-5-yl}phenyl methanesulfonate (G.5.2), 2-{3-[2-(1-{[3,5-bis(difluoromethyl)-1 H-pyrazol-1 -yl]acetyl}piperidin-4- yl) 1 ,3-thiazol-4-yl]-4,5-dihydro-1 ,2-oxazol-5 yl}-3-chlorophenyl methanesulfonate (G.5.3), 4-[1- [2-[3-(difluoromethyl)-5-methyl-pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl]-4-piper idyl]-N-tetralin-1-yl-pyridine-2- carboxamide (G.5.4), 4-[1-[2-[3,5-bis(difluoromethyl)pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl]-4-piper idyl]-N-tetralin-1- yl-pyridine-2-carboxamide (G.5.5), 4-[1-[2-[3-(difluoromethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazol-1- yl]acetyl]-4-piperidyl]-N-tetralin-1-yl-pyridine-2-carboxami de (G.5.6), 4-[1-[2-[5-cyclopropyl-3- (difluoromethyl)pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl]-4-piperidyl]-N-tetralin -1-yl-pyridine-2-carboxamide (G.5.7), 4- [1-[2-[5-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl]-4-pi peridyl]-N-tetralin-1-yl-pyridine-2- carboxamide (G.5.8), 4-[1-[2-[5-(difluoromethyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazol-1-yl] acetyl]-4- piperidyl]-N-tetralin-1-yl-pyridine-2-carboxamide (G.5.9), 4 [1 [2-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)pyrazol- 1-yl]acetyl]-4-piperidyl]-N-tetralin-1-yl-pyridine-2-carboxa mide (G.5.10), (4-[1-[2-[5-cyclopropyl- 3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl]-4-piperidyl]-N-tetra lin-1-yl-pyridine-2-carboxamide

(G.5.1 1 );

H) Inhibitors with Multi Site Action

inorganic active substances: Bordeaux mixture (H.1.1 ), copper (H.1.2), copper acetate (H.1.3), copper hydroxide (H.1.4), copper oxychloride (H.1.5), basic copper sulfate (H.1.6), sul- fur (H.1.7);

thio- and dithiocarbamates: ferbam (H.2.1 ), mancozeb (H.2.2), maneb (H.2.3), metam (H.2.4), metiram (H.2.5), propineb (H.2.6), thiram (H.2.7), zineb (H.2.8), ziram (H.2.9);

organochlorine compounds: anilazine (H.3.1), chlorothalonil (H.3.2), captafol (H.3.3), cap- tan (H.3.4), folpet (H.3.5), dichlofluanid (H.3.6), dichlorophen (H.3.7), hexachlorobenzene (H.3.8), pentachlorphenole (H.3.9) and its salts, phthalide (H.3.10), tolylfluanid (H.3.11 ); guanidines and others: guanidine (H.4.1 ), dodine (H.4.2), dodine free base (H.4.3), guaza- tine (H.4.4), guazatine-acetate (H.4.5), iminoctadine (H.4.6), iminoctadine-triacetate (H.4.7), iminoctadine-tris(albesilate) (H.4.8), dithianon (H.4.9), 2,6-dimethyl-1 H,5H-[1 ,4]dithiino[2,3- c:5,6-c']dipyrrole-1 ,3,5,7(2H,6H)-tetraone (H.4.10);

I) Cell wall synthesis inhibitors

inhibitors of glucan synthesis: validamycin (1.1.1 ), polyoxin B (1.1 .2);

melanin synthesis inhibitors: pyroquilon (1.2.1 ), tricyclazole (1.2.2), carpropamid (1.2.3), di- cyclomet (1.2.4), fenoxanil (1.2.5);

J) Plant defence inducers

acibenzolar-S-methyl (J.1.1 ), probenazole (J.1 .2), isotianil (J.1.3), tiadinil (J.1.4), prohexa- dione-calcium (J.1.5); phosphonates: fosetyl (J.1 .6), fosetyl-aluminum (J.1.7), phosphorous acid and its salts (J.1 .8), calcium phosphonate (J.1.1 1 ), potassium phosphonate (J.1 .12), potassium or sodium bicarbonate (J.1.9), 4 cyclopropyl-N-(2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)thiadiazole-5-carboxamide (J.1 .10);

K) Unknown mode of action

bronopol (K.1.1 ), chinomethionat (K.1.2), cyflufenamid (K.1.3), cymoxanil (K.1.4), dazomet (K.1.5), debacarb (K.1 .6), diclocymet (K.1 .7), diclomezine (K.1.8), difenzoquat (K.1 .9), difenzo- quat-methylsulfate (K.1 .10), diphenylamin (K.1.1 1 ), fenitropan (K.1.12), fenpyrazamine (K.1.13), flumetover (K.1 .14), flusulfamide (K.1.15), flutianil (K.1 .16), harpin (K.1 .17), metha-sulfocarb (K.1.18), nitrapyrin (K.1.19), nitrothal-isopropyl (K.1.20), tolprocarb (K.1.21 ), oxin-copper (K.1.22), proquinazid (K.1.23), tebufloquin (K.1 .24), tecloftalam (K.1 .25), triazoxide (K.1 .26), N'- (4-(4-chloro-3-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-2,5-dimethyl-phenyl) -N-ethyl-N methyl formamidine (K.1.27), N' (4-(4-fluoro-3-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-2,5-dimethyl-phenyl) -N-ethyl-N-methyl formamidine (K.1 .28), N'-[4-[[3-[(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-1 ,2,4-thiadiazol-5-yl]oxy]-2,5-dimethyl- phenyl]-N-ethyl-N-methyl-formamidine (K.1 .29), N'-(5-bromo-6-indan-2-yloxy-2-methyl-3-pyri- dyl)-N-ethyl-N-methyl-formamidine (K.1 .30), N'-[5-bromo-6-[1 -(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethoxy]-2- methyl-3-pyridyl]-N-ethyl-N-methyl-formamidine (K.1 .31 ), N'-[5-bromo-6-(4- isopropylcyclohexoxy)-2-methyl-3-pyridyl]-N-ethyl-N-methyl-f ormamidine (K.1 .32), N' [5 bromo- 2-methyl-6-(1 -phenylethoxy)-3-pyridyl]-N-ethyl-N-methyl-formamidine (K.1 .33), N'-(2-methyl-5- trifluoromethyl-4-(3-trimethylsilanyl-propoxy)-phenyl)-N-eth yl-N-methyl formamidine (K.1.34), N'- (5-difluoromethyl-2 methyl-4-(3-trimethylsilanyl-propoxy)-phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-meth yl formamidine (K.1.35), 2-(4-chloro-phenyl)-N-[4-(3,4-dimethoxy-phenyl)-isoxazol-5 yl]-2-prop-2-ynyloxy- acetamide (K.1 .36), 3 [5-(4-chloro-phenyl)-2,3-dimethyl-isoxazolidin-3-yl]-pyridin e (pyrisoxazole) (K.1.37), 3-[5-(4-methylphenyl)-2,3-dimethyl-isoxazolidin-3 yl]-pyridine (K.1 .38), 5-chloro-1 (4,6- dimethoxy-pyrimidin-2-yl)-2-methyl-1 H-benzoimidazole (K.1 .39), ethyl (Z) 3 amino-2-cyano-3- phenyl-prop-2-enoate (K.1 .40), picarbutrazox (K.1.41 ), pentyl N-[6-[[(Z)-[(1 -methyltetrazol-5-yl)- phenyl-methylene]amino]oxymethyl]-2-pyridyl]carbamate (K.1 .42), but-3-ynyl N-[6-[[(Z)-[(1 - methyltetrazol-5-yl)-phenyl-methylene]amino]oxymethyl]-2-pyr idyl]carbamate (K.1 .43), 2-[2- [(7,8-difluoro-2-methyl-3-quinolyl)oxy]-6-fluoro-phenyl]prop an-2-ol (K.1 .44), 2-[2-fluoro-6-[(8- fluoro-2-methyl-3-quinolyl)oxy]phen-yl]propan-2-ol (K.1.45), quinofumelin (K.1 .47), 9-fluoro-2,2- dimethyl-5-(3-quinolyl)-3H 1 ,4 benzoxazepine (K.1 .49), 2-(6-benzyl-2-pyridyl)quinazoline (K.1.50), 2-[6-(3-fluoro-4 methoxy-phenyl)-5-methyl-2-pyridyl]quinazoline (K.1.51 ), dichlobenti- azox (K.1 .52), N'-(2,5-dimethyl-4-phenoxy-phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methyl-formamid ine (K.1.53); dipymetitrone, isoflucypram; fluindapyr, inpyrfluxam, pyrifenamine.

The commercially available compounds of the mixing partners listed above may be found in The Pesticide Manual, 17th Edition, C. MacBean, British Crop Protection Council (2015) among other publications. The online Pesticide Manual is updated regularly and is accessible through http://bcpcdata.com/pesticide-manual.html.

Another online data base for pesticides providing the ISO common names is

http://www.alanwood.net/pesticides.

The M.4 cycloxaprid is known from WO2010/069266 and WO201 1/069456. M.4A.1 is known from CN 103814937; CN 105367557, CN 105481839. M.4A.2, guadipyr, is known from WO 2013/003977, and M.4A.3 (approved as paichongding in China) is known from WO

2007/101369. M.22B.1 is described in CN10171577 and M.22B.2 in CN102126994. Spiropidion M.23.1 is known from WO 2014/191271 . M.28.1 and M.28.2 are known from W02007/101540. M.28.3 is described in W02005/077934. M.28.4 is described in W02007/043677. M.28.5a) to M.28.5d) and M.28.5h) are described in WO 2007/006670, WO2013/024009 and WO

2013/024010, M.28.5i) is described in WO201 1/085575, M.28.5j) in W02008/134969, M.28.5k) in US201 1/046186 and M.28.5I) in WO2012/034403. M.28.6 can be found in WO2012/034472. M.UN.3 is known from W02006/089633 and M.UN.4 from W02008/06791 1 . M.UN.5 is descri- bed in W02006/043635, and biological control agents on the basis of bacillus firmus are de- scribed in W02009/124707. Flupyrimin is described in WO2012/029672. M.UN.8 is known from WO2013/055584. M.UN.9.a) is described in WO2013/050317. M.UN.9.b) is described in WO2014/126208. M. UN.10 is known from WO2010/060379. Broflanilide and M.UN.H .b) to M.UN.H .h) are described in W02010/018714, and M.UN.H i) to M.UN.H .p) in WO

2010/127926. M.UN.12.a) to M.UN.12.C) are known from WO2010/006713, M.UN.12.d) and M.UN.12.e) are known from WO2012/000896, and M.UN.12.f) to M.UN.12.m) from WO

2010/129497. M. UN.14a) and M. UN.14b) are known from W02007/101369. M.UN.16.a) to M.UN.16h) are described in WO2010/034737, WO2012/084670, and WO2012/143317, resp., and M.UN.16i) and M.UN.16j) are described in WO2015/055497. M. UN.17a) to M.UN.17.j) are described in WO2015/038503. M. UN.18a) to M.UN.18d) are described in US2014/0213448. M.UN.19 is described in WO2014/036056. M.UN.20 is known from WO2014/090918. M.UN.21 is known from EP2910126. M.UN.22a and M. UN.22b are known from W02015/059039 and W02015/190316. M.UN.23a and M.UN.23b are known from WO2013/050302. M.UN.24a and M. UN.24b are known from WO2012/126766. Acynonapyr M.UN.25 is known from WO

201 1/105506. Benzpyrimoxan M.UN.26 is known from W02016/104516. M.UN.27 is known from WO2016174049. The compound M.29.28 is known from WO2017104592. The compound M.29.29 (CAS number- 1 104384-14-6) and its pesticidal action is known from CN101333213, WO20103350. The compound M.29.30 (CAS number- 1477919-27-9) and its pesticidal action is known from W0201 S/125S20.

The fungicides described by IUPAC nomenclature, their preparation and their pesticidal activi- ty is also known (cf. Can. J. Plant Sci. 48(6), 587-94, 1968; EP-A 141 317; EP-A 152 031 ; EP-A 226 917; EP-A 243 970; EP-A 256 503; EP-A 428 941 ; EP-A 532 022; EP-A 1 028 125; EP-A 1 035 122; EP-A 1 201 648; EP-A 1 122 244, JP 2002316902; DE 19650197; DE 10021412;

DE 102005009458; US 3,296,272; US 3,325,503; WO 98/46608; WO 99/14187; WO 99/24413; WO 99/27783; WO 00/29404; WO 00/46148; WO 00/65913; WO 01/54501 ; WO 01/56358; WO 02/22583; WO 02/40431 ; WO 03/10149; WO 03/11853; WO 03/14103; WO 03/16286;

WO 03/53145; WO 03/61388; WO 03/66609; WO 03/74491 ; WO 04/49804; WO 04/83193;

WO 05/120234; WO 05/123689; WO 05/123690; WO 05/63721 ; WO 05/87772; WO 05/87773; WO 06/15866; WO 06/87325; WO 06/87343; WO 07/82098; WO 07/90624, WO 10/139271 ,

WO 11 028657, WO2012/168188, WO 2007/006670, WO 201 1/77514; W013/047749, WO 10/069882, WO 13/047441 , WO 03/16303, WO 09/90181 , WO 13/007767, WO 13/010862,

WO 13/127704, WO 13/024009, WO 13/024010 and WO 13/047441 , WO 13/162072,

WO 13/092224, WO 1 1/135833), CN 1907024, CN 1456054, CN 103387541 , CN 1309897,

WO 12/84812, CN 1907024, WO 09094442, WO 14/60177, WO 13/116251 , WO 08/013622, WO 15/65922, WO 94/01546, EP 2865265, WO 07/129454, WO 12/16551 1 , WO 1 1/081 174, WO 13/47441 ).

In a further embodiment, the invention relates to mixtures comprising a compound of formula (I) as described above, in particular the compound l-R-1 , and at least one compound II which is metaaldehyde, in particular granular metaaldehyde.

The present invention relates to a mixture of at least one compound I or non-racemic corn- pound of formula (I) or compound of formula (I) with enantiomeric excess of compound l-R-1 , or the compound l-R-1 , of the present invention as component I with at least one mixing partner II as defined above. In one embodiment, the invention relates to binary mixtures of one compo- nents I with one mixing partner II as defined above as component II.

Preferred weight ratios for such binary mixtures are from 10000:1 to 1 :10000, preferably from 7000:1 to 1 :7000, also preferably from 5000:1 to 1 :5000, also preferably from 1000:1 to 1 :1000, more preferably from 100:1 to 1 :100, also more preferably from 70:1 to 1 :70, particularly prefer- ably from 25:1 to 1 :25, also particularly preferably from 10:1 to 1 :10, also particularly preferably from 1 :5 to 5:1. In such binary mixtures, components I and II may be used in equal amounts, or an excess of component I, or an excess of component II may be used.

In the mixtures of the present invention, the ingredients may be used sequentially or in combination with each other, if appropriate also added only immediately prior to use (tank mix). For example, the plant(s) may be sprayed with compound II either before or after being treated with component I.

In one embodiment of the invention, the mixtures of the present invention are mixtures of a compound of formula (I), preferably l-R-1 , with a compound selected from the group of benomyl, carbendazim, epoxiconazole, fluquinconazole, flutriafol, flusilazole, metconazole, prochloraz, prothioconazole, tebuconazole, triticonazole, pyraclostrobin, trifloxystrobin, boscalid, dimetho- morph, penthiopyrad, dodemorph, famoxadone, fenpropimorph, proquinazid, pyrimethanil, tridemorph, maneb, mancozeb, metiram, thiram, chlorothalonil, dithianon, flusulfamide, met- rafenone, fluxapyroxad, bixafen, penflufen, sedaxane, isopyrazam, oxazosulfyl. Especially pre- ferred is pyraclostrobin, oxazosulfyl, and fluxapyroxad.

In one embodiment of the invention, the mixtures of the present invention are mixtures of a compound of formula (I), preferably l-R-1 , with a compound selected from the group of im- idacloprid, clothianidin, dinotefuran, chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, spinetoram, spinosad, ethiprole, fipronil, triflumezopyrim, flonicamid, oxazosulfyl, and tetraniliprole.

In one embodiment of the invention, the mixtures of the present invention are mixtures of a compound of formula (I), preferably l-R-1 , with a compound selected from the group of pro- benazole, isotianil, tricyclazole, pyroquilon, isoprothiolane, tolprocarb, carpropamid, diclocymet, azoxystrobin, oxazosulfyl, and orysastrobin.

In one embodiment of the invention, the mixtures of the present invention are mixtures of a compound of formula (I), preferably l-R-1 , with a compound selected from the group of fu- rametpyr, thifluzamide, simeconazole, penflufen, azoxystrobin, orysastrobin.

In one embodiment of the invention, the mixtures of the present invention are mixtures of a compound of formula (I), preferably l-R-1 , with oxazosulfyl.

In one embodiment of the invention, the mixtures of the present invention are mixtures of a non-racemic compound of formula (I), preferably compound of formula (I) with enantiomeric excess of compound (l-R-1 ), preferably the compound l-R-1 , with a compound selected from the group of M.2: GABA-gated chloride channel antagonists, M.3: Sodium channel modulators, M.4: Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists, M.5: Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor allosteric activators, M.6:Chloride channel activators from the class of avermectins and milbemycins, M.9: Chordotonal organ TRPV channel modulators, M.13: Uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation via disruption of the proton gradient, M.15: Inhibitors of the chitin biosynthesis type 0, M.16: In- hibitors of the chitin biosynthesis type, M.22: Voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers,

M.23: Inhibitors of the of acetyl CoA carboxylase, M.28: Ryanodine receptor-modulators from the class of diamides, M.29:Chordotonal organ Modulators, M.UN.9.b, M. UN.16b, M.29.28, Respiration inhibitors: Inhibitors of complex III at Qo site, inhibitors of complex III at Qi site, in- hibitors of complex II, Sterol biosynthesis inhibitors, Lipid and membrane synthesis inhibitors, Cell wall synthesis inhibitors preferably melanin synthesis inhibitors, Plant defence inducers, diclocymet (K.1.7), tolprocarb (K.1.21 ), and picarbutrazox (K.1.41 ).

In one embodiment of the invention, the mixtures of the present invention are mixtures of a non-racemic compound of formula (I), preferably compound of formula (I) with enantiomeric excess of compound (l-R-1 ), preferably the compound l-R-1 , with a compound selected from the group of fipronil, alpha-cypermethrin, chlorfenapyr, metaflumizone, abamectin, pymetrozine, thiamethoxam, imidacloprid, dinotefuran, dinotefuran, clothianidin, flonicamid, spirotetramat, buprofezine, chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, tetraniliprole, sulfoxaflor, indoxacarb, triflume- zopyrim, ethiprole, spinetoram, spinosad, spiropidion, fluxametamide, penflufen, tricyclazole, azoxystrobin, isoprothiolane, tolprocarb, carpropamid, diclocymet, furametpyr, simeconazole, probenazole, orysastrobin, pyroquilon, thifluzamide, picarbutrazox, oxazosulfyl, methoxyfenozid, flubendiamid, flufenoxuron, cyazofamid, metalaxyl, amisulbrom, cyclaniliprole, dicyclomet, and isotianil. Especially preferred is alpha-cypermethrin, flonicamid, fluxametamide, spinetoram, indoxacarb, oxazosulfyl, pymetrozine, triflumezopyrim, flufenoxuron, furametpyr, metalaxyl, pro- benazole, dicyclomet, penflufen, pyroquilon, simeconazol, buprofezin, tricyclazole, or spinosad

In one embodiment of the invention, the mixtures of the present invention are mixtures of a non-racemic compound of formula (I), preferably compound of formula (I) with enantiomeric excess of compound (l-R-1 ), preferably the compound l-R-1 , with a compound selected from the group of fipronil, alpha-cypermethrin, chlorfenapyr, metaflumizone, abamectin, pymetrozine, thiamethoxam, imidacloprid, dinotefuran, dinotefuran, clothianidin, flonicamid, spirotetramat, buprofezine, chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, tetraniliprole, sulfoxaflor, indoxacarb, triflume- zopyrim, ethiprole, spinetoram, spinosad, spiropidion, fluxametamide, oxazosulfyl, methoxyfe- nozid, flubendiamid, flufenoxuron, and cyclaniliprole. In one embodiment of the invention, the mixtures of the present invention are mixtures of a non-racemic compound of formula (I), preferably compound of formula (I) with enantiomeric excess of compound (l-R-1 ), preferably the compound l-R-1 , with a compound selected from the group of probenazole, tricyclazole, pyroquilon, isoprothiolane, tolprocarb, carpropamid, di- clocymet, azoxystrobin, orysastrobin, furametpyr, thifluzamide, simeconazole, penflufen, picar- butrazox, cyazofamid, metalaxyl, amisulbrom, and isotianil.

In one embodiment of the invention, the mixtures of the present invention are mixtures of a non-racemic compound of formula (I), preferably compound of formula (I) with enantiomeric excess of compound (l-R-1 ), preferably the compound l-R-1 , with a compound selected from the group of M.4 and M.UN.

In another embodiment of the invention, the mixtures of the present invention are mixtures of a non-racemic compound of formula (I), preferably compound of formula (I) with enantiomeric excess of compound (l-R-1 ), preferably the compound l-R-1 , with a compound selected from the group of M.4 and M.UN.16b.

In another embodiment of the invention, the mixtures of the present invention are mixtures of a non-racemic compound of formula (I), preferably compound of formula (I) with enantiomeric excess of compound (l-R-1 ), preferably the compound l-R-1 , with a compound selected from the group of M.4A, M.4D, and M.UN.16b.

In another embodiment of the invention, the mixtures of the present invention are mixtures of a non-racemic compound of formula (I), preferably compound of formula (I) with enantiomeric excess of compound (l-R-1 ), preferably the compound l-R-1 , with a compound selected from the group of thiamethoxam, Flupyradifurone, and 1-(1 ,2-dimethylpropyl)-N-ethyl-5-methyl-N- pyridazin-4-yl-pyrazole-4-carboxamide.

In another embodiment of the present invention, the mixtures comprise the compound of for- mula (I) and two agriculturally active components (active compound II and active compound III) selected from the insecticides and fungicides listed above.

In another embodiment of the present invention, the mixtures comprise the compound of for- mula (I) and one insecticide (active compound II) and one fungicide (active compound III) se- lected from the insecticides and fungicides listed above.

In another embodiment of the present invention, the mixtures comprise the compound of for- mula (I) and one insecticide (active compound II) and another insecticide (active compound III) selected from the insecticides listed above.

In another embodiment of the present invention, the mixtures comprise compound of formula (I) and two fungicides or two insecticdes listed above.

Especially preferred mixtures according to the invention are listed in the following table M, wherein the compounds I are as defined in the description:

Mixture Examples

Examples of some mixtures according to the present invention are described in the tables here-inbelow.

The agriculturally active component II, with which the compound of formula I can be combined, are listed in table M.

Table M

The invention also relates to agrochemical compositions suitable for applying in seed treate- ment methods comprising an auxiliary and the compound of formula (I) as defined herein or a composition thereof, according to the invention.

An agrochemical composition comprises a pesticidally effective amount of a compound of for- mula (I). The term "effective amount" denotes an amount of the composition or of the corn- pounds I, which is sufficient for controlling harmful pests on cultivated plants or in the protection of materials and which does not result in a substantial damage to the treated plants. Such an amount can vary in a broad range and is dependent on various factors, such as the animal pests species to be controlled, the treated cultivated plant or material, the climatic conditions and the specific compound I used.

The compounds of formula (I), their N-oxides and salts can be converted into customary types of agrochemical compositions, e. g. solutions, emulsions, suspensions, dusts, powders, pastes, granules, pressings, capsules, and mixtures thereof. Examples for composition types are sus- pensions (e.g. SC, OD, FS), emulsifiable concentrates (e.g. EC), emulsions (e.g. EW, EO, ES, ME), capsules (e.g. CS, ZC), pastes, pastilles, wettable powders or dusts (e.g. WP, SP, WS, DP, DS), pressings (e.g. BR, TB, DT), granules (e.g. WG, SG, GR, FG, GG, MG), insecticidal articles (e.g. LN), as well as gel formulations for the treatment of plant propagation materials such as seeds (e.g. GF). These and further compositions types are defined in the "Catalogue of pesticide formulation types and international coding system", Technical Monograph No. 2, 6th Ed. May 2008, CropLife International.

The compositions are prepared in a known manner, such as described by Mollet and Grube- mann, Formulation technology, Wiley VCH, Weinheim, 2001 ; or Knowles, New developments in crop protection product formulation, Agrow Reports DS243, T&F Informa, London, 2005.

Suitable auxiliaries are solvents, liquid carriers, solid carriers or fillers, surfactants, disper- sants, emulsifiers, wetters, adjuvants, solubilizers, penetration enhancers, protective colloids, adhesion agents, thickeners, humectants, repellents, attractants, feeding stimulants, compatibil- izers, bactericides, anti-freezing agents, anti-foaming agents, colorants, tackifiers and binders.

Suitable solvents and liquid carriers are water and organic solvents, such as mineral oil frac- tions of medium to high boiling point, e.g. kerosene, diesel oil; oils of vegetable or animal origin; aliphatic, cyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons, e. g. toluene, paraffin, tetrahydronaphthalene, al- kylated naphthalenes; alcohols, e.g. ethanol, propanol, butanol, benzylalcohol, cyclo ^A hexanol; glycols; DMSO; ketones, e.g. cyclohexanone; esters, e.g. lactates, carbonates, fatty acid esters, gamma-butyrolactone; fatty acids; phosphonates; amines; amides, e.g. N-methylpyrrolidone, fatty acid dimethylamides; and mixtures thereof.

Suitable solid carriers or fillers are mineral earths, e.g. silicates, silica gels, talc, kaolins, lime- stone, lime, chalk, clays, dolomite, diatomaceous earth, bentonite, calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, magnesium oxide; polysaccharides, e.g. cellulose, starch; fertilizers, e.g. ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium nitrate, ureas; products of vegetable origin, e.g. ce- real meal, tree bark meal, wood meal, nutshell meal, and mixtures thereof.

Suitable surfactants are surface-active compounds, such as anionic, cationic, nonionic and am-photeric surfactants, block polymers, polyelectrolytes, and mixtures thereof. Such surfac- tants can be used as emusifier, dispersant, solubilizer, wetter, penetration enhancer, protective colloid, or adjuvant. Examples of surfactants are listed in McCutcheon's, Vol.1 : Emulsifiers & Detergents, McCutcheon's Directories, Glen Rock, USA, 2008 (International Ed. or North Amer- ican Ed.).

Suitable anionic surfactants are alkali, alkaline earth or ammonium salts of sulfonates, sul- fates, phosphates, carboxylates, and mixtures thereof. Examples of sulfonates are alkylaryl- sulfonates, diphenylsulfonates, alpha-olefin sulfonates, lignine sulfonates, sulfonates of fatty acids and oils, sulfonates of ethoxylated alkylphenols, sulfonates of alkoxylated arylphenols, sulfonates of con-densed naphthalenes, sulfonates of dodecyl- and tridecylbenzenes, sul- fonates of naphthalenes and alkyhnaphthalenes, sulfosuccinates or sulfosuccinamates. Exam- pies of sulfates are sulfates of fatty acids and oils, of ethoxylated alkylphenols, of alcohols, of ethoxylated alcohols, or of fatty acid esters. Examples of phosphates are phosphate esters. Examples of carboxylates are alkyl carboxylates, and carboxylated alcohol or alkylphenol eth- oxylates.

Suitable nonionic surfactants are alkoxylates, N-subsituted fatty acid amides, amine oxides, esters, sugar-based surfactants, polymeric surfactants, and mixtures thereof. Examples of alkoxylates are compounds such as alcohols, alkylphenols, amines, amides, arylphenols, fatty acids or fatty acid esters which have been alkoxylated with 1 to 50 equivalents. Ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide may be employed for the alkoxylation, preferably ethylene oxide. Exam- pies of N-subsititued fatty acid amides are fatty acid glucamides or fatty acid alkanolamides. Examples of esters are fatty acid esters, glycerol esters or monoglycerides. Examples of sugar- based surfactants are sorbitans, ethoxylated sorbitans, sucrose and glucose esters or alkyl- polyglucosides. Examples of polymeric surfactants are home- or copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone, vinylalcohols, or vinylacetate.

Suitable cationic surfactants are quaternary surfactants, for example quaternary ammonium compounds with one or two hydrophobic groups, or salts of long-chain primary amines. Suitable amphoteric surfactants are alkylbetains and imidazolines. Suitable block polymers are block polymers of the A-B or A-B-A type comprising blocks of polyethylene oxide and polypropylene oxide, or of the A-B-C type comprising alkanol, polyethylene oxide and polypropylene oxide. Suitable polyelectrolytes are polyacids or polybases. Examples of polyacids are alkali salts of polyacrylic acid or polyacid comb polymers. Examples of polybases are polyvinylamines or poly- ethyleneamines.

Suitable adjuvants are compounds, which have a neglectable or even no pesticidal activity themselves, and which improve the biological performance of the compound I on the target. Examples are surfactants, mineral or vegetable oils, and other auxilaries. Further examples are listed by Knowles, Adjuvants and additives, Agrow Reports DS256, T&F Informa UK, 2006, chapter 5.

Suitable thickeners are polysaccharides (e.g. xanthan gum, carboxymethylcellulose), anorgan- ic clays (organically modified or unmodified), polycarboxylates, and silicates.

Suitable bactericides are bronopol and isothiazolinone derivatives such as alkylisothiazoli- nones and benzisothiazolinones.

Suitable anti-freezing agents are ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, urea and glycerin.

Suitable anti-foaming agents are silicones, long chain alcohols, and salts of fatty acids.

Suitable colorants (e.g. in red, blue, or green) are pigments of low water solubility and water- soluble dyes. Examples are inorganic colorants (e.g. iron oxide, titan oxide, iron hexacyanofer- rate) and organic colorants (e.g. alizarin-, azo- and phthalocyanine colorants).

Suitable tackifiers or binders are polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinylacetates, polyvinyl alcohols, pol-yacrylates, biological or synthetic waxes, and cellulose ethers.

The agrochemical compositions generally comprise between 0.01 and 95%, preferably be- tween 0.1 and 90%, and in particular between 0.5 and 75%, by weight of active substance. The active substances are employed in a purity of from 90% to 100%, preferably from 95% to 100% (according to NMR spectrum).

Solutions for seed treatment (LS), Suspoemulsions (SE), flowable concentrates (FS), powders for dry treatment (DS), water-dispersible powders for slurry treatment (WS), water-soluble pow- ders (SS), emulsions (ES), emulsifiable concentrates (EC) and gels (GF) are usually employed for the purposes of treatment of plant propagation materials, particularly seeds. The composi- tions in question give, after two-to-tenfold dilution, active substance concentrations of from 0.01 to 60% by weight, preferably from 0.1 to 40% by weight, in the ready-to-use preparations. Appli- cation can be carried out before or during sowing. Methods for applying compound I and corn- positions thereof, respectively, on to plant propagation material, especially seeds include dress- ing, coating, pelleting, dusting, soaking and infurrow application methods of the propagation material. Preferably, compound I or the compositions thereof, respectively, are applied on to the plant propagation material by a method such that germination is not induced, e. g. by seed dressing, pelleting, coating and dusting.

When employed in plant protection, the amounts of active substances applied are, depending on the kind of effect desired, from 0.001 to 2 kg per ha, preferably from 0.005 to 2 kg per ha, more preferably from 0.05 to 0.9 kg per ha, and in particular from 0.1 to 0.75 kg per ha.

In treatment of plant propagation materials such as seeds, e. g. by dusting, coating or drench- ing seed, amounts of active substance of from 0.1 to 1000 g, preferably from 1 to 1000 g, more preferably from 1 to 100 g and most preferably from 5 to 100 g, per 100 kilogram of plant prop- agation material (preferably seeds) are generally required.

When used in the protection of materials or stored products, the amount of active substance applied depends on the kind of application area and on the desired effect. Amounts customarily applied in the protection of materials are 0.001 g to 2 kg, preferably 0.005 g to 1 kg, of active substance per cubic meter of treated material.

Various types of oils, wetters, adjuvants, fertilizer, or micronutrients, and further pesticides (e.g. herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, growth regulators, safeners) may be added to the ac- tive substances or the compositions cormprising them as premix or, if appropriate not until im- mediately prior to use (tank mix). These agents can be admixed with the compositions accord- ing to the invention in a weight ratio of 1 :100 to 100:1 , preferably 1 :10 to 10:1.

The user applies the composition according to the invention usually from a predosage device, a knapsack sprayer, a spray tank, a spray plane, or an irrigation system. Usually, the agro- chemi-cal composition is made up with water, buffer, and/or further auxiliaries to the desired application concentration and the ready-to-use spray liquor or the agrochemical composition according to the invention is thus obtained. Usually, 20 to 2000 liters, preferably 50 to 400 liters, of the ready-to-use spray liquor are applied per hectare of agricultural useful area.

The present invention relates to the methods by use on natural substrates (soil) or artificial (growth) substrates (e.g. rock wool, glass wool, quartz sand, gravel, expanded clay, vermicu- lite), in the open or in closed systems (e.g. greenhouses or under film mulch) and in annual crops (such as vegetables, spices, ornamentals) or perennial crops (such as citrus plants, fruits, tropical crops, spices, nuts, grapevines, conifers and ornamentals).

It has now been found that the problems associated with combating pests by other pesticide treatment can be overcome by seed treatment methods using compounds of the present inven- tion.

The animal pest, i.e. the insects, arachnids and nematodes, the plant, the water or the soil in which the plant is growing may be controlled with the present compounds of formula I or corn- position”) containing them by any application method known in the art. As such, "contacting" includes both direct contact (applying the compounds/compositions directly on the animal pest or plant) and indirect contact (applying the compounds/compositions to the locus of the animal pest or plant). When the plant is contacted, typically the tuber, bulbs or roots of the plant are contacted. The compounds of formula (I) or composition^ containing them are applied to other parts of the plant, such as plant propagation material such as seeds in the case of seed treat- ment. The compounds of formula I or the pesticidal compositions comprising them may be used to protect growing plants and crops from attack or infestation by animal pests, especially insects, acaridae or arachnids by contacting the plant/crop with a pesticidally effective amount of corn- pounds of formula I. The term "crop" refers both to growing and harvested crops.

Thus, as with regards to the use and for the purpose of the present invention, vegetables are to be understood as meaning for example fruiting vegetables and inflorescences as vegetables, i.e. bell peppers, chillies, tomatoes, aubergines, cucumbers, pumpkins, courgettes, broad beans, climbing and dwarf beans, peas, artichokes and maize. Further also leafy vegetables like head-forming lettuce, chicory, endives, various types of cress, of rocket, lamb's lettuce, ice- berg lettuce, leeks, spinach and chard. Furthermore, tuber vegetables, root vegetables and stem vegetables, like celeriac/celery, beetroot, carrots, radish, horseradish, scorzonera, aspar- agus, beet for human consumption, palm hearts and bamboo shoots. Further also bulb vegeta- bles like onions, leeks, fennel and garlic. Brassica vegetables such as cauliflower, broccoli, kohlrabi, red cabbage, white cabbage, curly kale, Savoy cabbage, Brussels sprouts and Chi nese cabbage are also vegetable in the sense of the present application.

Regarding the use and for the purpose of the present invention, perennial crops are to be un- derstood as meaning citrus, for example, oranges, grapefruits, tangerines, lemons, limes, Se- ville oranges, cumquats and satsumas. Also pome fruit such as, for example, apples, pears and quinces, and stone fruit such as, for example, peaches, nectarines, cherries, plums, quetsch, apricots. Further grapevines, hops, olives, tea and tropical crops such as, for example, man- goes, papayas, figs, pineapples, dates, bananas, durians, kaki fruit, coconuts, cacao, coffee, avocados lychees, maracujas, and. guavas. Furthermore soft fruit such as, for example, cur- rants, gooseberries, raspberries, blackberries, blueberries, strawberries, cranberries, kiwi fruit and American cranberries. Almonds and nuts such as, for example, hazelnuts, walnuts, pista- chios, cashew nuts, para nuts, pecan nuts, butternuts, chestnuts, hickory nuts, macadamia nuts and peanuts are also fruits in the sense of the present invention.

As with regard to the use and for the purpose of the present invention, ornamentals are under- stood as meaning annual and perennial plants, for example cut flowers such as, for example, roses, carnations, gerbera, lilies, marguerites, chrysanthemums, tulips, narcissus, anemones, poppies, amaryllis, dahlias, azaleas, hibiscus, but also for example border plants, pot plants and perennials such as, for example, roses, Tagetes, violas, geraniums, fuchsias, hibiscus, chrysan- themum, busy lizzie, cyclamen, African violet, sunflowers, begonias.

Furthermore for example also bushes and conifers such as, for example, ficus, rhododendron, firs, spruces, pines, yews, juniper, umbrella pines, oleander.

As regards the use, spices are understood as meaning annual and perennial plants such as, for example, aniseed, chilli pepper, paprika, pepper, vanilla, marjoram, thyme, cloves, juniper berries, cinnamon, tarragon, coriander, saffron, ginger.

Furthermore the compounds of the present invention and the compositions comprising them are particularly important in the control of a multitude of insects on various cultivated plants, such as soybean, corn, canola, cereals, sugarbeet, cotton, peanut, or potato.

The compounds of the invention can also be applied preventively to places at which occur- rence of the pests is expected. "Locus" means a habitat, breeding ground, plant, seed, soil, area, material or environment in which a pest or parasite is growing or may grow.

The term "plant propagation material" is to be understood to denote all the generative parts of the plant such as seeds and vegetative plant material such as cuttings and tubers (e. g. pota- toes), which can be used for the multiplication of the plant. This includes seeds, roots, fruits, tubers, bulbs, rhizomes, shoots, sprouts and other parts of plants. Seedlings and young plants, which are to be transplanted after germination or after emergence from soil, may also be in- cluded. These plant propagation materials may be treated prophylactically with a plant protec- tion compound either at or before planting or transplanting.

In one preferred embodiment of the invention, the plant propagation material is seed.

The term "cultivated plants" is to be understood as including plants which have been modified by breeding, mutagenesis or genetic engineering. Genetically modified plants are plants, which genetic material has been so modified by the use of recombinant DNA techniques that under natural circumstances cannot readily be obtained by cross breeding, mutations or natural re- combination. Typically, one or more genes have been integrated into the genetic material of a genetically modified plant in order to improve certain properties of the plant. Such genetic modi- fications also include but are not limited to targeted post-transtional modification of protein(s) (oligo- or polypeptides) poly for example by glycosylation or polymer additions such as prenyl- ated, acetylated or farnesylated moieties or PEG moieties(e.g. as disclosed in Biotechnol Prog. 2001 Jul-Aug;17(4):720-8., Protein Eng Des Sel. 2004 Jan;17(1 ):57-66, Nat Protoc.

2007;2(5):1225-35., Curr Opin Chem Biol. 2006 Oct;10(5):487-91. Epub 2006 Aug 28., Bio- materials. 2001 Mar;22(5):405-17, Bioconjug Chem. 2005 Jan-Feb;16(1 ):1 13-21 ).

The term "cultivated plants" is to be understood also including plants that have been rendered tolerant to applications of specific classes of herbicides, such as hydroxy-phenylpyruvate dioxy- genase (HPPD) inhibitors; acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors, such as sulfonyl ureas (see e. g. US 6,222,100, WO 01/82685, WO 00/26390, WO 97/41218, WO 98/02526, WO 98/02527, WO 04/106529, WO 05/20673, WO 03/14357, WO 03/13225, WO 03/14356, WO 04/16073) or imidazolinones (see e. g. US 6,222,100, WO 01/82685, WO 00/26390, WO 97/41218, WO 98/02526, WO 98/02527, WO 04/106529, WO 05/20673, WO 03/14357, WO 03/13225, WO 03/14356, WO 04/16073); enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) inhibitors, such as glyphosate (see e. g. WO 92/00377); glutamine synthetase (GS) inhibitors, such as glufosinate (see e. g. EP-A-0242236, EP-A-242246) or oxynil herbicides (see e. g. US

5,559,024) as a result of conventional methods of breeding or genetic engineering. Several cultivated plants have been rendered tolerant to herbicides by conventional methods of breed- ing (mutagenesis), for example Clearfield® summer rape (Canola) being tolerant to imidazoli- nones, e. g. imazamox. Genetic engineering methods have been used to render cultivated plants, such as soybean, cotton, corn, beets and rape, tolerant to herbicides, such as glypho- sate and glufosinate, some of which are commercially available under the trade names Round- upReady® (glyphosate) and LibertyLink® (glufosinate).

The term "cultivated plants" is to be understood also including plants that are by the use of re- combinant DNA techniques capable to synthesize one or more insecticidal proteins, especially those known from the bacterial genus Bacillus, particularly from Bacillus thuringiensis, such as a-endotoxins, e. g. CrylA(b), CrylA(c), CrylF, CrylF(a2), CryllA(b), CrylllA, CrylllB(bl ) or Cry9c; vegetative insecticidal proteins (VIP), e. g. VIP1 , VIP2, VIP3 or VIP3A; insecticidal proteins of bacteria colonizing nematodes, for example Photorhabdus spp. or Xenorhabdus spp.; toxins produced by animals, such as scorpion toxins, arachnid toxins, wasp toxins, or other insect- specific neurotoxins; toxins produced by fungi, such Streptomycetes toxins, plant lectins, such as pea or barley lectins; agglutinins; proteinase inhibitors, such as trypsin inhibitors, serine pro- tease inhibitors, patatin, cystatin or papain inhibitors; ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIP), such as ricin, maize-RIP, abrin, luffin, saporin or bryodin; steroid metabolism enzymes, such as 3- hydroxysteroid oxidase, ecdysteroid-IDP-glycosyl-transferase, cholesterol oxidases, ecdysone inhibitors or HMG-CoA-reductase; ion channel blockers, such as blockers of sodium or calcium channels; juvenile hormone esterase; diuretic hormone receptors (helicokinin receptors); stilben synthase, bibenzyl synthase, chitinases or glucanases. In the context of the present invention these insecticidal proteins or toxins are to be understood expressly also as pre-toxins, hybrid proteins, truncated or otherwise modified proteins. Hybrid proteins are characterized by a new combination of protein domains, (see, for example WO 02/015701 ). Further examples of such toxins or genetically-modified plants capable of synthesizing such toxins are dis-closed, for ex- ample, in EP-A 374 753, WO 93/007278, WO 95/34656, EP-A 427 529, EP-A 451 878, WO 03/018810 und WO 03/052073. The methods for producing such genetically modified plants are generally known to the person skilled in the art and are described, for example, in the publica- tions mentioned above. These insecticidal proteins contained in the genetically modified plants impart to the plants producing these proteins protection from harmful pests from certain taxo- nomic groups of arthropods, particularly to beetles (Coleoptera), flies (Diptera), and butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera) and to plant parasitic nematodes (Nematoda).

The term "cultivated plants" is to be understood also including plants that are by the use of re- combinant DNA techniques capable to synthesize one or more proteins to increase the re- sistance or tolerance of those plants to bacterial, viral or fungal pathogens. Examples of such proteins are the so-called "pathogenesis-related proteins" (PR proteins, see, for example EP-A 0 392 225), plant disease resistance genes (for example potato cultivars, which express re- sistance genes acting against Phytophthora infestans derived from the mexican wild potato So- lanum bulbocastanum) or T4-lyso-zym (e. g. potato cultivars capable of synthesizing these pro- teins with increased resistance against bacteria such as Erwinia amylvora). The methods for producing such genetically modified plants are generally known to the person skilled in the art and are described, for example, in the publications mentioned above.

The term "cultivated plants" is to be understood also including plants that are by the use of re- combinant DNA techniques capable to synthesize one or more proteins to increase the produc- tivity (e. g. bio mass production, grain yield, starch content, oil content or protein content), toler- ance to drought, salinity or other growth-limiting environ-mental factors or tolerance to pests and fungal, bacterial or viral pathogens of those plants.

The term "cultivated plants" is to be understood also including plants that contain by the use of recombinant DNA techniques a modified amount of substances of content or new substances of content, specifically to improve human or animal nutrition, for ex-ample oil crops that produce health-promoting long-chain omega-3 fatty acids or unsaturated omega-9 fatty acids (e. g. Nex- era® rape). The term "cultivated plants" is to be understood also including plants that contain by the use of recombinant DNA techniques a modified amount of substances of content or new substances of content, specifically to improve raw material production, for example potatoes that produce in- creased amounts of amylopectin (e. g. Amflora® potato).

The preferred plants or seeds of plants (obtained by genetic engineering) which are to be treated according to the invention include all plants which, by virtue of the genetic modification, received genetic material which imparts particularly advantageous, useful traits to these plants.

Examples of such traits are better plant growth, increased tolerance to high or low tempera- tures, increased tolerance to drought or to water or soil salt content, increased flowering per- formance, easier harvesting, accelerated maturation, higher harvest yields, higher quality and/or a higher nutritional value of the harvested products, better storage stability and/or processability of the harvested products.

Further and particularly emphasized examples of such traits are a better defense of the plants against animal and microbial pests, such as against insects, mites, phytopathogens, and also increased tolerance of the plants to certain herbicidally active compounds.

Traits that are emphasized in particular are the increased defense of the plants against in- sects, arachnids, nematodes and slugs and snails by virtue of toxins formed in the plants, in particular those formed in the plants by the genetic material from Bacillus thuringiensis (for ex- ample by the genes CrylA(a), CrylA(b), CrylA(c), CryllA, CrylllA, CrylllB2, Cry9c, Cry2Ab,

Cry3Bb and CrylF and also combinations thereof) (referred to herein as "Bt plants"). Traits that are also particularly emphasized are the increased defense of the plants against fungi, bacteria and viruses by systemic acquired resistance (SAR), systemin, phytoalexins, elicitors and re- sistance genes and correspondingly expressed proteins and toxins.

Traits that are furthermore particularly emphasized are the increased tolerance of the plants to certain herbicidally active compounds, for example imidazolinones, sulphonylureas, glyphosate or phosphinotricin (for example the "PAT" gene). The genes which impart the desired traits in question can also be present in combination with one another in the transgenic plants.

Examples of "Bt plants" are soybean varieties which are sold under the trade names YIELD GARD®, and INTACTA®.

Examples of herbicide-tolerant plants which may be mentioned are soya bean varieties which are sold under the trade names Roundup Ready® (tolerance to glyphosate), Liberty Link® (tol erance to phosphinotricin), I Ml® (tolerance to imidazolinones) and STS® (tolerance to sulpho- nylureas). An example of a glyphosate tolerant soybean cultivar is BMX Potencia.

Herbicide-resistant plants (plants bred in a conventional manner for herbicide tolerance) which may be mentioned include the varieties sold under the name Clearfield® (for example maize).

In another preferred embodiment, the compounds of the invention are applied to seeds of soy- bean plants, carrying two or more traits (e.g. Enlist®), glyphosate (e.g. Roundup Ready®, Roundup Ready 2 Yield®), sulfonylurea (e.g. STS®), glufosinate (e.g. Liberty Link®, Ignite®), Dicamba (Monsanto) HPPD tolerance (e.g. isoxaflutole herbicide) (Bayer CropScience, Syngen- ta). Double or triple stack in soybean plants of any of the traits described here are also of inter- est, including glyphosate and sulfonyl -urea tolerance (e.g. Optimum GAT®, plants stacked with STS® and Roundup Ready® or Roundup Ready 2 Yield®), dicamba and glyphosate tolerance (Monsanto). Soybean Cyst Nematode resistance soybean (SCN® - Syngenta) and soybean with Aphid resistant trait (AMT® - Syngneta) are also of interest.

These statements also apply to plant cultivars having these genetic traits or genetic traits still to be developed, which plant cultivars will be developed and/or marketed in the future.

The present invention also relates to a method for controlling pests and/or increasing the plant health of a cultivated plant as compared to the respective non-modified control plant, comprising the application of the compound of the formula (I) by seed treatment method, to a plant with at least one modification, parts of such plant, plant propagation material, or at its locus of growth, wherein the cultivated plant is

(i) Gossypium hirsutum L. (cotton) or Zea mays L. (maize) and comprises at least one gene selected from the group consisting of dvsnf7, cry1A, cry1Ab-Ac, cry1 C, cry2Ab2, cry2Ae, mocryl F; or

(ii) Glycine max L. (soybean), Triticum aestivum (wheat) or Oryza sativa L. (rice) and corn- prises at least one gene selected from the group consisting of cry34Ab1 , cry35 Ab1 , cry3A, cry3Bb1 , dvsnf7, mcry3A, cry1A, cry1A.105, crylAb, cry1Ab-Ac, crylAc, cry1C, cry1 F, cry1 Fa2, cry2Ab2, cry2Ae, cry9c, mocryl F, pinll, vip3A(a), vip3Aa20.

Prefarably, present invention also relates to a method for controlling pests and/or increasing the plant health of a cultivated plant as compared to the respective non-modified control plant, comprising the application of the compound of the formula (I) by seed treatment method, to a plant with at least one modification, parts of such plant, plant propagation material, or at its lo- cus of growth, wherein the cultivated plant is modified by at least one gene according to one row of table D.

Table D

In general, "pesticidally effective amount" means the amount of active ingredient needed to achieve an observable effect on growth, including the effects of necrosis, death, retardation, prevention, and removal, destruction, or otherwise diminishing the occurrence and activity of the target organism. The pesticidally effective amount can vary for the various com- pounds/compositions used in the invention. A pesticidally effective amount of the compositions will also vary according to the prevailing conditions such as desired pesticidal effect and dura- tion, weather, target species, locus, mode of application, and the like.

In the case of soil treatment or of application to the pests dwelling place or nest, the quantity of active ingredient ranges from 0.0001 to 500 g per 100 m2, preferably from 0.001 to 20 g per 100 m2.

As mentioned further above, soil application methods include among other known techniques in-furrow and T-band applications.

The active compound can be applied as granular as T-Band or In-furrow treatments.

Granular or liquid T-Band applications are placed in front of the furrow closure wheels using plastic diffusers. In general, the band coverage pattern is approximately a couple of inches wide over an open furrow.

In furrow treatments are directed into the open furrow using plastic tubing.

Liquid formulations are applied as T- band over an open furrow.

For example, seeds are planted using cone seeders and drop nozzles are positioned over the seed furrow. The boom can be moved up or down to change band width. A flat fan nozzle can also be used: perpendicular to the row for bands and parallel to the row for in-furrow. The boom position is between the furrow opener and the press wheel which directs some (band) or all (in- furrow) of the spray into the furrow before furrow closure. When used in in-furrow applications, the active compound(s) can be applied simultaously with the planting of the seeds, e.g. as granular, liquid or another formulation type. Alternatively, the nozzles can also be positioned behind the press wheel for an entirely surface spray of the liquid formulation comprising the ac- tive compound(s).

The compounds of the invention are particularly suitable for use in the treatment of seeds in order to protect the seeds from insect pests, in particular from storage pests, soil-living insect pests, and the resulting seedling’s roots and shoots against soil pests and foliar insects. The invention therefore also relates to a method for the protection of seeds from insects, in particular from soil insects, and of the seedling's roots and shoots from insects, in particular from soil and foliar insects, said method comprising treating the seeds before sowing and/or after pregermina- tion with a compound of the invention. The protection of the seedling's roots and shoots is pre- ferred. More preferred is the protection of seedling’s shoots from piercing and sucking insects, chewing insects and nematodes.

The compounds of formula I are particularly suitable for the treatment of seeds in order to pro- tect the seed from insect pest, in particular from soil-living insect pests and the resulting plant's roots and shoots against soil pests and foliar insects.

The compounds of formula I are particularly useful for the protection of the seed from soil pests and the resulting plant's roots and shoots against soil pests and foliar insects. The protec- tion of the resulting plant's roots and shoots is preferred. More preferred is the protection of re- sulting plant's shoots from piercing and sucking insects, wherein the protection from aphids is most preferred. The present invention therefore comprises a method for the protection of seeds from insects, in particular from soil insects and of the seedling's roots and shoots from insects, in particular from soil and foliar insects, said method comprising contacting the seeds before sowing and/or after pregermination with a compound of the general formula I or a salt thereof. Particularly pre- ferred is a method, wherein the plant's roots and shoots are protected, more preferably a meth- od, wherein the plants shoots are protected form piercing and sucking insects, most preferably a method, wherein the plants shoots are protected from aphids.

The term seed embraces seeds and plant propagules of all kinds including but not limited to true seeds, seed pieces, suckers, corms, bulbs, fruit, tubers, grains, cuttings, cut shoots and the like and means in a preferred embodiment true seeds.

The term seed treatment comprises all suitable seed treatment techniques known in the art, such as seed dressing, seed coating, seed dusting, seed soaking and seed pelleting, and in- furrow application methods.

Preferably, the seed treatment application of the active compound is carried out by spraying or by dusting the seeds before sowing of the plants and before emergence of the plants.

Also preferably, the seed treatment application is carried out by seed dressing or seed coating;

Also preferably, the seed treatment application is carried out by seed soaking or seed pellet ing;

Also preferably, the seed treatment application is carried out by in-furrow application methods;

The present invention also comprises seeds coated with or containing the active compound.

The term "coated with and/or containing" generally signifies that the active ingredient is for the most part on the surface of the propagation product at the time of application, although a great- er or lesser part of the ingredient may penetrate into the propagation product, depending on the method of application. When the said propagation product is (re)planted, it may absorb the ac- tive ingredient.

Suitable seed is seed of soybean, corn, canola, cereals, sugarbeet, cotton, peanut, or potato.

In addition, the active compound may also be used for the treatment seeds from plants, which tolerate the action of herbicides or fungicides or insecticides owing to breeding, including genet- ic engineering methods.

For example, the active compound can be employed in treatment of seeds from plants, which are resistant to herbicides from the group consisting of the sulfonylureas, imidazolinones, glufosinate-ammonium or glyphosate-isopropylammonium and analogous active substances (see for example, EP-A-0242236, EP-A-242246) (WO 92/00377) (EP-A-0257993, U.S. Pat. No. 5,013,659) or in transgenic crop plants, for example cotton, with the capability of producing Ba- cillus thuringiensis toxins (Bt toxins) which make the plants resistant to certain pests (EP-A- 0142924, EP-A-0193259),

Furthermore, the active compound can be used also for the treatment of seeds from plants, which have modified characteristics in comparison with existing plants consist, which can be generated for example by traditional breeding methods and/or the generation of mutants, or by recombinant procedures). For example, a number of cases have been described of recombinant modifications of crop plants for the purpose of modifying the starch synthesized in the plants (e.g. WO 92/1 1376, WO 92/14827, WO 91/19806) or of transgenic crop plants having a modi- fied fatty acid composition (WO 91/13972). The seed treatment application of the active compound is preferably carried out by spraying or by dusting the seeds before sowing of the plants and before emergence of the plants.

Compositions which are especially useful for seed treatment are e.g.:

A Soluble concentrates (SL, LS)

D Emulsions (EW, EO, ES)

E Suspensions (SC, OD, FS)

F Water-dispersible granules and water-soluble granules (WG, SG)

G Water-dispersible powders and water-soluble powders (WP, SP, WS)

H Gel-Formulations (GF)

I Dustable powders (DP, DS)

Conventional seed treatment formulations include for example flowable concentrates FS, solu- tions LS, powders for dry treatment DS, water dispersible powders for slurry treatment WS, wa- ter-soluble powders SS and emulsion ES and EC and gel formulation GF. These formulations can be applied to the seed diluted or undiluted. Application to the seeds is carried out before sowing, either directly on the seeds or after having pregerminated the latter

The active substance concentrations in ready-to-use formulations, which may be obtained af- ter two-to-tenfold dilution, are preferably from 0.01 to 60% by weight, more preferably from 0.1 to 40 % by weight.

In a preferred embodiment a FS formulation is used for seed treatment. Typcially, a FS formu- lation may comprise 1 -800 g/l of active ingredient, 1-200 g/l Surfactant, 0 to 200 g/l antifreezing agent, 0 to 400 g/l of binder, 0 to 200 g/l of a pigment and up to 1 liter of a solvent, preferably water.

Especially preferred FS formulations of compounds of formula I for seed treatment usually comprise from 0.1 to 80% by weight (1 to 800 g/l) of the active ingredient, from 0.1 to 20 % by weight (1 to 200 g/l) of at least one surfactant, e.g. 0.05 to 5 % by weight of a wetter and from 0.5 to 15 % by weight of a dispersing agent, up to 20 % by weight, e.g. from 5 to 20 % of an anti-freeze agent, from 0 to 15 % by weight, e.g. 1 to 15 % by weight of a pigment and/or a dye, from 0 to 40 % by weight, e.g. 1 to 40 % by weight of a binder (sticker /adhesion agent), option- ally up to 5 % by weight, e.g. from 0.1 to 5 % by weight of a thickener, optionally from 0.1 to 2 % of an anti-foam agent, and optionally a preservative such as a biocide, antioxidant or the like, e.g. in an amount from 0.01 to 1 % by weight and a filler/vehicle up to 100 % by weight.

Seed Treatment formulations may additionally also comprise binders and optionally colorants. Binders can be added to improve the adhesion of the active materials on the seeds after treat- ment. Suitable binders are homo- and copolymers from alkylene oxides like ethylene oxide or propylene oxide, polyvinylacetate, polyvinylalcohols, polyvinylpyrrolidones, and copolymers thereof, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, acrylic homo- and copolymers, polyethyleneamines, polyethyleneamides and polyethyleneimines, polysaccharides like celluloses, tylose and starch, polyolefin homo- and copolymers like olefin/maleic anhydride copolymers, polyurethanes, poly- esters, polystyrene homo and copolymers

Optionally, also colorants can be included in the formulation. Suitable colorants or dyes for seed treatment formulations are Rhodamin B, C.l. Pigment Red 1 12, C.l. Solvent Red 1 , pig- ment blue 15:4, pigment blue 15:3, pigment blue 15:2, pigment blue 15:1 , pigment blue 80, pigment yellow 1 , pigment yellow 13, pigment red 1 12, pigment red 48:2, pigment red 48:1 , pigment red 57:1 , pigment red 53:1 , pigment orange 43, pigment orange 34, pigment orange 5, pigment green 36, pigment green 7, pigment white 6, pigment brown 25, basic violet 10, basic violet 49, acid red 51 , acid red 52, acid red 14, acid blue 9, acid yellow 23, basic red 10, basic red 108.

Examples of a gelling agent is carrageen (Satiagel®)

In the treatment of seed, the application rates of the compounds I are generally from 0.1 g to 10 kg per 100 kg of seed, preferably from 1 g to 5 kg per 100 kg of seed, more preferably from 1 g to 1000 g per 100 kg of seed and in particular from 1 g to 200 g per 100 kg of seed.

The invention therefore also relates to seed comprising a compound of the formula I, or an ag- riculturally useful salt of I, as defined herein. The amount of the compound I or the agriculturally useful salt thereof will in general vary from 0.1 g to 10 kg per 100 kg of seed, preferably from 1 g to 5 kg per 100 kg of seed, in particular from 1 g to 1000 g per 100 kg of seed. For specific crops such as lettuce the rate can be higher.

In another embodiment of the present invention, the mixtures comprise the compound of for- mula (I) and two agriculturally active components (active compound II and active compound III) selected from the insecticides and fungicides listed above.

In another embodiment of the present invention, the mixtures comprise the compound of for- mula (I) and one insecticide (active compound II) and one fungicide (active compound III) se- lected from the insecticides and fungicides listed above.

In another embodiment of the present invention, the mixtures comprise the compound of for- mula (I) and one insecticide (active compound II) and another insecticide (active compound III) selected from the insecticides listed above.

In another embodiment of the present invention, the mixtures comprise compound of formula (I) and two fungicides or two insecticdes.

Examples:

The present invention is now illustrated in further details by the following example, without im- posing any limitation thereto.

The compound of formula (I) was prepared by method analogical to the method as disclosed in WO2014/167084.

The compound of formula l-R-1 was prepared by method as described herein in the descrip- tion.

Analytical data of the compound I (racemic) and l-R-1 are provided in the table below.

Test compound l-R-1 used in below biological examples is in 95% enantiomeric excess unless otherwise specified.

1. Canola-Striped flea beetle ( Phyllotreta strio!ata )

Canola seed treatment: Formulation was diluted in water to make appropriate concentration according to needs. Canola seeds with pre-coating inert ingredients were treated with diluted solution by vortex methods. Treated seeds were dried in ventilating chemical hood. After dry, three seeds were planted per pot (2X 2 inch) at a depth of 1 cm, which were filled with Patio sand and watered prior to treatment and planting. The pots were arranged in a completely ran- domized design, kept in the greenhouse, and automatically top-watered and fertilized daily (NPK 16-4-20-3(Ca)-1 (Mg)). At the cotyledon stage [~7 days after treatment (DAT)], plants were thinned to 1 plant per pot. One set of plants was infested at the cotyledon stage and another set at the first true-leaf stage. Both cotyledons of a single plant were excised, and true leaves were sampled using a 5/8” (1.59-cm) diameter leaf disc. Leaf samples were placed on a piece of 47- mm filter paper moistened with 0.225 mL distilled water in a 50-mm Petri dish. Five flea beetles were then infested into the petri dish. The dishes were held in an incubator at 27 °C, 60% RH, and a 16L:8D light cycle. Five days after infestation (DAI), the numbers of live, moribund, and dead flea beetles were recorded, as well as % feeding damage (via visual estimate). Moribund was classified as the insect unable to right itself within 5 minutes of being placed on its back- side. Percent mortality was calculated for each treatment, with moribund insects classified as alive. Student-Newman-Keuls (a = 0.05) was used for statistical analysis, and treatments with the same letter in the table were not significantly different.

Table 1 : Potency of Compound l-R-1 against flea beetle, Phyllotreta striolata, at cotyledon stage through canola seed treatment method

Summary: Experimental data (Table 1) suggests that there was significant difference between treatment and solvent control.

2. Cereals- Barley-bird cherry oat aphid (Rhopalosiphum pad!)

Barley seed treatment: Technical material was dissolved in DMSO. Twenty barely seeds were treated with a vortex method and planted in a pot (2 x 2 inch) filled with Rediearth soil. One seed was planted per pot and the pots were arranged in a completely randomized design, held in the greenhouse, and top-watered and fertilized daily. Four seedlings were taken from each cotyledon & true leaf treatment samples. DMSO solvent blank were used as positive and nega- tive treatments, respectively. The true leaf stage was infested 14 days after planting (DAP). Ten bird cherry-oat aphids of mixed stages were transferred individually to each plant with a paint brush. Six replicates were set up for each treatment. After infestation, plants were kept on a light cart at room temperature and bottom watered until evaluated. The number of live aphids at 4 days after infestation (4DAI) was recorded, and means were calculated for each treatment. Percent control was calculated as the percent reduction in live aphids relative to the solvent blank.

Table 2: Efficacy of Compound l-R-1 against bird cherry oat aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi, at the first true leaf stage through barley seed treatment

Summary: Experimental data (Table 2) suggests that there was a good dose-response rela- tionship when the application rate of Compound l-R-1 was 100 g ai/100 kg seeds.

3. Sugarbeet— green peach aphid (Myzus persicae {S Azef))

Sugarbeet seed treatment: Seeds were treated in according to desired rates. Seeds were planted (one per pot) at a depth of 1.5 cm in 3 x 3 in (58.0644 cm2) pots that were filled with RediEarth soil and moistened prior to planting. Pots were held in a completely randomized de- sign in the greenhouse and automatically top watered and fertilized [NPK 16-4-20-3(Ca)-1 (Mg)] daily (4min, 4x a day) until infestation. A set of plants was infested 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after treatment (DAT). Thirty aphids were transferred individually to each plant with a paint brush. After infestation, plants were kept on a light cart at room temperature with continuous light and bottom watered until evaluation. Six days after infestation (DAI), the number of live aphids was recorded, and means were calculated for each treatment. Percent control was calculated as the percent reduction in live aphids relative to the solvent blank.

Table 3: Potency of Compound l-R-1 against green peach aphid, Myzus persicae, through sugar beet seed treatment

Summary: Experimental data (Table 3) suggests that Compound l-R-1 displayed excellent ac- tivity against green peach aphid by sugarbeet seed treatment. As far as 4 weeks after plant, the compound l-R-1 still could provide excellent activity. 4. Soybean -Lesser corn stalkborer (E/asmopa/pus sp.)

Soybean seed treatment: Soybean seeds were treated with Compound l-R-1. The treated seeds were sown inside an enclosed cage, in two lines at 29 seeds/cage. Thirty- five 3 ^rd instar larvae of E/asmopa/pus sp were introduced into each cage at six days after sowing. The num- ber of dead and live plants were counted periodically. Values followed by the same letter within each assessment date are not significantly different (a = 0.05) using LSD.

Table 4. Efficacy of Compound l-R-1 against lesser corn stalkborer, E/asmopa/pus sp, through soybean seed treatment

Summary: The trial data (Table 4) indicates that Compound l-R-1 showed good efficacy against the Elasmopalpus sp. in terms of plant protection.

5. Corn- Green belly stink bug (Diche/ops me/acanthus)

Corn seed treatment: Corn seeds were treated with Compound l-R-1. The treated seeds were sown inside an enclosed cage, at 16 seeds/cage. Twenty-four stinkbugs, were introduced into each cage. The number of dead and live stinkbugs were counted periodically. Values followed by the same letter within each assessment date are not significantly different (a = 0.05) using LSD.

Table 5. Efficacy of Compound l-R-1 against green belly stink bug, Diche/ops me/acanthus, through corn seed treatment

Summary: Compound l-R-1 showed good efficacy against green belly stink bug as a corn seed treatment (Table 5).

6. Cotton - Tobacco thrips {Frankliniella fusca)

Cotton seed treatment: Field studies were carried out against tobacco thrips using cotton seeds treated with 0.375 mg ai/seed of Compound l-R-1. Treated Seeds were sown in 30 sq m plots. There were 4 replications for each treatment. Feeding damage was assessed at 5 and 7 days after planting (DAP). Values followed by the same letter within each assessment date are not significantly different (a = 0.05) using LSD.

Table 6. Efficacy of Compound l-R-1 against tobacco thrips, Frankliniella fusca, through cotton seed treatment

Summary: Compound l-R-1 showed excellent efficacy against F. fusca as a seed treatment in terms of reduction in feeding damage (Table 6).

7. Peanut- Tobacco thrips ( Frankliniella fusca )

Peanut seed treatment: Field trials were laid out. Treated peanut seeds were sown in 8 sq m plots using 4 replications. Feeding damage was assessed at 28 and 35 days after treatment. Values followed by the same letter within each assessment date are not significantly different (a = 0.05) using LSD.

Table 7. Efficacy of Compound l-R-1 against tobacco thrips, Frankliniella fusca, through pea- nut seed treatment

Summary: Compound l-R-1 showed good efficacy against F. fusca as a peanut seed treat- ment in terms of reduction in feeding damage (Table 7).

8. Potato- Colorado Potato beetle ( Leptinotarsa decimlineata )

Potato seed piece treatment: Seed potatoes were treated by spraying. After application, pota- toes were allowed to dry prior to planting. The plots were laid out in 6-meter rows with 4 replica- tions. Feeding damage assessments were taken at 42 and 50 days after planting. Values fol lowed by the same letter within each assessment date are not significantly different (a = 0.05) using LSD.

Table 8. Efficacy of Compound l-R-1 against Colorado Potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decimline ata, as a potato seed piece treatment

Summary: Compound l-R-1 showed good efficacy against L. decimlineata as a seed piece treatment regarding to reduction in feeding damage.

The present invention is now illustrated in further details by the following example of mixture of l-R-1 and other mixing partners, without imposing any limitation thereto.

Reference

Colby Equation:

The presence of a synergistic effect in terms of percent control, between two mixing partners (X and Y) can be calculated using the Colby equation (Colby, S. R., 1967, Calculation Syn- ergistic and Antagonistic Responses in Herbicide Combinations, Weeds, 15, 20-22):

E = X + Y - XY/100

When the observed combined control effect is greater than the expected combined control effect (E), then the combined effect is synergistic.

Methods: 9. Barley Seed Treatment against Rhopalosiphum padi (RHOPPA):

Sub-lethal rates were predetermined by rate rundown. Formulations were combined and dilut- ed in water and applied to barley seeds which were allowed to dry. Seeds were then planted and grown in a greenhouse. At the cotyledon stage, bird cherry-oat aphids (Rhopalosiphum padi) of mixed stages were infested onto each plant and held under laboratory conditions. Rep- lication was 6x. Four days after infestation, the number of live aphids on each plant was record- ed, and means were calculated for each treatment. Percent control was calculated as the per- cent reduction in live aphids relative to the solvent blank (Sun-Shepard method). Synergistic effects were calculated based on aphid population reduction using the Colby Equationl .

Results:

Table 1 : Synergistic interaction of compound l-R-1 with 1-(1 ,2-dimethylpropyl)-N-ethyl-5- methyl-N-pyridazin-4-yl-pyrazole-4-carboxamide (Dimpropyridaz) on population reduction of Rhopalosiphum padi (RHOPPA)

Data (Table 1 ) suggested that a combination of compound l-R-1 and dimpropyridaz at a rate of 14 +46 or 5 + 5 (g ai/100 kg seeds) could show a synergistic effect on reduction of ROPPA population on barley through seed treatment.

Table 2: Synergistic interaction of compound l-R-1 with Flupyradifurone on population reduc- tion of Rhopalosiphum padi (RHOPPA)

Data (Table 2) suggested that a combinations of compound l-R-1 and flupyradifurone at a rate of 5 + 21 (g ai/100 kg seeds) could show a synergistic effect on reduction of ROPPA population on barley through seed treatment. 10. Cotton Seed Treatment against Frankliniella oc- cidentalis (FRANOC):

Sub-lethal rates were predetermined by rate rundown. Formulations were combined and dilut- ed in water and applied to cotton seeds which were allowed to dry. Seeds were then planted and grown in a greenhouse. At the cotyledon stage, western flower thrips (Frankliniella occiden- talis) adults were infested onto each plant and held under laboratory conditions. Replication was 5x. Seven and 14 days after infestation, percent damage was visually assessed, and means were calculated for each treatment. Percent control was calculated as the percent reduction in live aphids relative to the solvent blank (Sun-Shepard method). Synergistic effects were calcu- lated based on aphid population reduction using the Colby Equationl .

Table 3: Synergistic interaction of compound l-R-1 with thiamethoxam on feeding damage re- duction of Frankliniella occidentalis (FRANOC) at 7DAI.

Data (Table 3) showed that a combination of compound l-R-1 with thiamethoxam at a rate of 0.375 + 0.300 mg ai/seed could display a synergistic effect on feeding damage reduction of

FRANOC through cotton seed treatment.